cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deconvolution filtering: Temporal smoothing revisited

Inferences made from analysis of BOLD data regarding neural processes are potentially confounded by multiple competing sources: cardiac and respiratory signals, thermal effects, scanner drift, and motion-induced signal intensity changes. To address this problem, we propose deconvolution filtering, a process of systematically deconvolving and reconvolving the BOLD signal via the hemodynamic response function such that the resultant signal is composed of maximally likely neural and neurovascular signals. To test the validity of this approach, we compared the accuracy of BOLD signal variants (i.e., unfiltered, deconvolution filtered, band-pass filtered, and optimized band-pass filtered BOLD signals) in identifying useful properties of highly confounded, simulated BOLD data: (1) reconstructing the true, unconfounded BOLD signal, (2) correlation with the true, unconfounded BOLD signal, and (3) reconstructing the true functional connectivity of a three-node neural system. We also tested this approach by detecting task activation in BOLD data recorded from healthy adolescent girls (control) during an emotion processing task. Results for the estimation of functional connectivity of simulated BOLD data demonstrated that analysis (via standard estimation methods) using deconvolution filtered BOLD data achieved superior performance to analysis performed using unfiltered BOLD data and was statistically similar to well-tuned band-pass filtered BOLD data. Contrary to band-pass filtering, however, deconvolution filtering is built upon physiological arguments and has the potential, at low TR, to match the performance of an optimal band-pass filter. The results from task estimation on real BOLD data suggest that deconvolution filtering provides superior or equivalent detection of task activations relative to comparable analyses on unfiltered signals and also provides decreased variance over the estimate. In turn, these results suggest that standard preprocessing of the BOLD signal ignores significant sources of noise that can be effectively removed without damaging the underlying signal.
SemTag and seeker: bootstrapping the semantic web via automated semantic annotation

This paper describes Seeker, a platform for large-scale text analytics, and SemTag, an application written on the platform to perform automated semantic tagging of large corpora. We apply SemTag to a collection of approximately 264 million web pages, and generate approximately 434 million automatically disambiguated semantic tags, published to the web as a label bureau providing metadata regarding the 434 million annotations. To our knowledge, this is the largest scale semantic tagging effort to date.We describe the Seeker platform, discuss the architecture of the SemTag application, describe a new disambiguation algorithm specialized to support ontological disambiguation of large-scale data, evaluate the algorithm, and present our final results with information about acquiring and making use of the semantic tags. We argue that automated large scale semantic tagging of ambiguous content can bootstrap and accelerate the creation of the semantic web.
The Effect of Instrument Polarization Sensitivity on Sea Surface Remote Sensing with Infrared Spectroradiometers

Abstract The sensitivity of Fourier transform infrared spectroradiometers to the polarization state of incident radiance can become significant in radiometric measurements of a partially polarized source such as the sea surface. At off-nadir incidence angles and wavenumbers below about 2750 cm−1 (wavelengths longer than 3.6 μm), radiance from the sea surface is partially vertically polarized, because the vertically polarized sea surface emission exceeds the horizontally polarized background reflection. At larger wavenumbers (wavelengths shorter than 3.6 μm), reflected skylight becomes more significant, and the total radiance at off-nadir angles can become horizontally polarized. This paper shows how the inherent polarization sensitivity (−5%) of a typical Fourier transform infrared instrument leads to radiometric errors that are small (∼0.1 K) but significant for radiometrically demanding sea surface remote sensing applications at large incidence angles. For incidence angles below approximately 45°, the p...
Characterizations of Our Classrooms of the Future

In this presentation I explore three concepts that characterize our classrooms of the future: (1) experiential learning; (2) social learning; and (3) mobile learning. I present a vision of using 3D simulation technology in law school teaching and explore alternative methods of information delivery to enrich our students’ learning.
“Peaceful coexistence?” Jewish and Muslim neighbors on the eve of the Holocaust

Before the Holocaust, Jews and Muslims lived in close proximity in the kresy (borderlands) of northeastern Poland. While an abundance of literature exists on Jewish-Christian relations in Poland, no scholarly comparison of the history of coexistence specifically between Jews and Muslims in this territory has previously been done. This article is the first to document the living situation of these two Abrahamic faith minorities in interwar Poland. In a handful of small villages and even larger towns, they traded together on the market square, Muslims bought their meat from the local Jewish shochet, the Jews received fresh vegetables from their Muslim neighbors, and they even celebrated certain religious holidays together. These stories complicate previous arguments of self-imposed minority separateness which argue that social interactions between Jews and non-Jews were uniformly minimal and superficial.
Synthesis of reactive controllers for hybrid systems (keynote)

Decision-making logic in hybrid systems is responsible for selecting modes of operation for the underlying (continuous) control system, reacting to external events and failures in the system, and insuring that the overall control system is satisfying safety and performance specifications. Tools from computer science, such as model-checking and logic synthesis, combined with design patterns from feedback control theory provide new approaches to solving these problems. A major shift is the move from ``design then verify'' to ``specify then synthesize'' approaches to controller design that allow simultaneous synthesis of high-performance, robust control laws and correct-by-construction decision-making logic.
MEASUREMENT OF LIFETIME EXPOSURE TO PASSIVE SMOKE

This study describes the passive smoking histories of 380 never smokers who participated in a study on the respiratory health effects of tobacco smoke exposure conducted at a cancer screening clinic in Buffalo, New York, in 1986. Subjects were asked to report on their exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood years at home, as an adult at home, and as an adult at work. A total of 73 and 67% of subjects reported at least one year of continuous exposure to tobacco smoke at home as a child and as an adult, respectively. A total of 87% of subjects reported exposure to tobacco smoke at work. Subjects under age 40 years were more likely to report exposure to tobacco smoke at home as a child than were subjects aged 40 and older. Males and females differed in their reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home during adult years, with females reporting nearly twice as much exposure. Adult exposure at home also varied with age, with female subjects over age 55 years more likely to report having lived with other smokers. Age-adjusted correlations between childhood, adult home, and workplace exposure measures revealed little association between reports of exposure during different life stages. This study also evaluated concordance between subjects' exposure reports and those of surrogates who were asked to report on the subject's exposure at home, at work, and during childhood. Results showed good agreement between subjects and surrogates on most exposure measures. The results of this study underscore the need to obtain a complete exposure history from subjects when attempting to represent lifelong passive smoke exposure.
Additive effect of adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene transfer and topoisomerase II inhibitors on apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells.

Additive effect of adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene transfer and topoisomerase II inhibitors on apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
A Review of “C(H)AOS Theory: Reflections of Chief Academic Officers in Theological Education”

This volume grew out of the ongoing thinking of the Chief Academic Officers Society (CAOS), a collegial organization of administrators sponsored by the Association of Theological Schools in the Uni...
Determine five kinds of organophosphate in working site with gas chromatography

Objective:Explore the best trial condition for organophosphate in air of working site.Methods:Adopt HP-5 chromatographic column,the velocity of mobilic phrase high purity nitrogen is 26 ml/min,the velocity of hydrogen is 30 ml/min and the air is 60 ml/min.Results:The linear relation is good for five kinks of organophosphate within 0.1 μg/ml～100 μg/ml,the precision within 1.1%～3.4%.Conclusion:This is a convenient,speedy and accurate method which is suitable for Phorate measurement in working site.
Corrosion and Protection of Hot-Dipped Components in Power Transmission Grid

By taking advantage of the maintenance records together with the principle of corrosion electrochemistry, the corrosion that may occur during the service period of hot-dipped components in power transmission grid is analyzed. Considering the operating conditions and the service environments, the corrosion of components including transmission tower, anchor clamp, connecting piece, earth wire and stay wire, is classified and the corrosion mechanism is studied. In addition, several methods for life forecast of zinc coating are introduced, and related preventive measures are proposed based on the characteristic of service environment. Finally, it is proposed that the research of corrosion mechanism, protection technology and life forecast for hot-dipped components in power transmission grid under different service circumstances should be enhanced for the purpose of secure operation of the electric power system.
Proprietas in Wyclif's theory of dominium

De Civili Dominio is the largest of the treatises of the Summa Theologie , as well the most significant, for it introduces most of Wyclif's later theological recommendations for ecclesiastical reform. Wyclif wrote De Civili Dominio in late 1375 through 1376, directly upon completing De Divino Dominio , and even the most fleeting acquaintance with the earlier works shows the thematic ties between first works of the Summa and De Civili Dominio . Having explained the nature of God's perfect dominium , a continuing, unmediated relation between Creator and Creation, Wyclif was ready to address the earthly species of lordship and its two chief characteristics, proprietas and iurisdictio . Not surprisingly, given the significance of giving, receiving, and lending to dominium in De Dominio Divino , private property-ownership lies at the center of the arguments in De Civili Dominio and De Officio Regis . So before approaching the recognizably jurisdictive, governance-related aspects of his thought, we should address Wyclif's discussion of postlapsarian ownership. We cannot begin as Wyclif begins, for he plunges us into matters with minimal introduction. Dominium 's necessary ties to God's Grace are the subject of much of the first book, while the second and third are devoted to dominium 's political and ecclesiastical ramifications. A better introductory approach is to see why Grace-founded dominium seemed so radical an idea to Wyclif's contemporaries.
Beneficial effects of prehospital versus immediate in-hospital blood products during resuscitation in two models of severe military injury

Acute trauma coagulopathy (ATC) is seen in 30 to 40% of severely injured trauma casualties. Early use of blood products is thought to attenuate ATC. This study determined the potential impact of prehospital versus immediate in-hospital packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (PRBC:FFP) in two models of severe battlefield injury.
Anatomy of a cline: dissecting anti-predatory adaptations in a marine gastropod along the U.S. Atlantic coast

The scope of anti-predatory adaptation is expected to be greater in warm than in cold environments. High temperatures lower the costs associated with the production and maintenance of energetically expensive traits and enable ecological interactions to intensify. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the expression of anti-predatory morphology within a marine gastropod species (the knobbed whelk, Busycon carica) over a large (>1,400 km) geographic area that spans more than 10°C annual temperature variation. We also conducted experimental predation studies with a powerful durophagous predator, the stone crab (Menippe), to verify the anti-predatory advantages of a heavily ornamented shell morphology (e.g., increased thickness, pronounced spines), and we used repair scar data to assess clinal variation in selective pressure from predators. We predicted that repair scar rates would be greatest in warm southernmost latitudes, and that expression of energetically costly anti-predatory morphology would peak in concert with elevated predation pressures. Experiments confirmed that whelks with energetically costly, heavily ornamented shells had higher survivorship rates than those with weakly ornamented shells. As predicted, we also found that the expression of anti-predatory traits was greatest in the southern part of B. carica’s range. After standardizing shells for size, shape, and exposure time to enemies, repair scar rates also peaked to the south. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of anti-predatory traits along the geographic cline is governed by the interaction of two selective factors: temperature and predation, with the former acting as the ultimate control on the scope of adaptation both by escalating predation pressure in the southern part of B. carica’s range and by physically limiting (to the north) and facilitating (to the south) the production of anti-predatory traits. Feedbacks between temperature and predation thus causally interact to enable and drive, respectively, the observed geographic cline in energy-intensive anti-predatory shell traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
National Disaster Health Consortium: Competency-Based Training and a Report on the American Nurses Credentialing Center Disaster Certification Development

As the largest profession of health care providers, nurses are an integral component of disaster response. Having clearly delineated competencies and developing training to acquire those competencies are needed to ensure nurses are ready when disasters occur. This article provides a review of nursing and interprofessional disaster competencies and development of a new interprofessional disaster certification. An overview of a standardized disaster training program, the National Disaster Health Consortium, is provided as an exemplar of a competency-based interprofessional disaster education program.
Cross-Sectional Positive Association of Serum Lipids and Blood Pressure With Serum Sodium Within the Normal Reference Range of 135-145 mmol/L.

Objective—Serum sodium concentration is maintained by osmoregulation within normal range of 135 to 145 mmol/L. Previous analysis of data from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) sh...
Proof of Concept of a Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis Insufflator for Speech Production After Total Laryngectomy

Summary Importance There may have a variety of reasons why patients are unable to produce tracheoesophageal speech after total laryngectomy (TL) including poor pulmonary reserve or other comorbidities that prevent adequate stoma occlusion and intratracheal pressure to voice. Other patients find it difficult, uncomfortable, or socially awkward to manually occlude the stoma with the finger or thumb. Objective The study aimed to assess the feasibility of achieving TE speech with a prototype TE voice prosthesis insufflator (TEVPI). Design, Setting, and Participants We prospectively assessed the feasibility of achieving TE speech with a commercially available continuous positive airway pressure device in six TL patients. Intervention The intervention is the use of a prototype TEVPI. Main Outcomes and Measures A battery of acoustic and perceptual metrics were obtained and compared between TEVPI speech and standard tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis (TEVP) speech. Results Voicing was accomplished with the TEVPI in five of six participants. On average, the duration of phonation with TEVPI was shorter, not as loud, and perceived to be more difficult to produce compared to TEVP speech. Conclusions and Relevance The TEVPI is a feasible, hands-free solution for restoring speech after TL. Although the current model produced inferior acoustic metrics compared with standard TEVP speech, further modification and refinement of the device has the potential to produce much improved speech.
Secondary Polycythemia and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Among Hospitalized Patients in the United States

Abstract Introduction:The prevalence of secondary polycythemia is on the rise due to increasing prevalence of obesity, sleep apnea and other chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. While polycythemia vera is well known to increase the risk of VTE, the impact of secondary polycythemia on the development of VTE is less clear. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify all adults ≥18 years with secondary polycythemia (ICD-9-CM code 289.0) diagnosed during 2011. NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the US that captures about 20% of all US hospitalizations. The outcome of interest was acute VTE identified using corresponding ICD codes for DVT or PE. We also identified the presence of the following confounding factors: malignancy, venous catheterization, long bone fracture, infection, trauma, mechanical intubation, congestive heart failure (CHF), pregnancy, length of hospital stay >5 days, stroke and prior history of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of secondary polycythemia on the occurrence of VTE controlling the above confounding factors. Multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factor (VIF). All p-values were 2 sided, and the level of significance was chosen at 0.05. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 13.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) taking into account the complex sampling design of the database. Results: A total of 3,972 hospitalizations with a primary or secondary diagnosis of secondary polycythemia were identified out of a total of 6,840,854 hospitalizations. Concurrent diagnosis of VTE was seen in 4.8% of patients with secondary polycythemia (n=190) as opposed to 2.3% of patients without secondary polycythemia (n=161,122) (odds ratio, OR 2.07; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.75-2.45; p value 5 days. No evidence of multicollinearity was noted in the final regression model (maximum VIF of 1.13). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study design, our retrospective study indicates an independent association between secondary polycythemia and VTE in patients admitted in the hospital, however, this does not imply causality. Further, our study does not answer whether the use of therapeutic phlebotomy reduces the risk of VTE in patients with secondary polycythemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Integrating cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for persons with schizophrenia into a psychiatric rehabilitation program: results of a three year trial.

Emerging models of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) offer promising new intervention strategies in the psychotherapy of schizophrenia. These models, however, have not been integrated into community support programs and evaluated in comparison to standard community treatments. This study examined differences in outcomes of clients who received long-term day treatment program services (DTP) compared to clients who received individual CBT that was included as part of their DTP treatment. Twenty-four clients were randomly assigned to DTP treatment or CBT/DTP treatment. Data on standardized measures of psychosocial functioning, symptomatology and rehospitalizations were collected over the course of three years of treatment. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to evaluate the effects of type of treatment (CBT/DTP and DTP) and time (dependent variable scores taken at the end of treatment years one, two and three) on the three outcome variables. Results indicate significant improvement for the CBT/DTP group compared to the DTP group in the patterns of change over time for psychosocial functioning and symptomology. In addition to this significant group/time interaction the time factor was also significant for both variables. For rehospitalizations the time factor was significant and the group/time factor was nonsignificant. Implications for service delivery to persons with schizophrenia and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Functional outcomes following lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction for symptomatic posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow in an athletic population.

Hypothesis The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the functional and surgical outcomes following lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability in an athletic population. Methods All US military service members who underwent LUCL reconstruction between 2008 and 2013 were identified. A retrospective chart review was performed, and the prospective Mayo Elbow Performance Score and QuickDASH (short version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire) score were obtained. The primary outcomes were return to preinjury activity and resolution of symptoms. Results We identified 23 patients with a mean age of 31.6 ± 7.2 years (range, 19-46 years), and 87% were men. A history of instability and/or dislocation was reported by 11 patients (48%), and 8 patients (35%) had undergone prior elbow surgery. At final follow-up of 4.6 ± 1.8 years (range, 2.2-7.6 years), all patients demonstrated significant decreases in pain (average pain score, 4 vs 1.34) with resolution of instability and achieved a functional arc of motion. After surgical reconstruction, 83% were able to return to prior activity, whereas 4 patients (17%) underwent medical separation, including 3 with elbow disability precluding continued service (13%). Overall 83% of patients reported good to excellent outcomes by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and 96% of patients reported no significant disability by the QuickDASH disability evaluation. Postoperatively, 4 patients (17%) experienced complications, with 3 (13%) requiring reoperation. Conclusion Although the diagnosis and surgical management of isolated LUCL injury are relatively infrequent, LUCL reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability offers a reliable return to preinjury level of function among active individuals with intense upper extremity demands. However, although function reliably improves, the rate of perioperative complications is greater than 15%.
Early Cretaceous Ornithomimosaurs (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Africa

Abstract. A new genus and species of ornithomimosaur, Afromimus tenerensis, is described based on a fragmentary skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian—Albian) El Rhaz Formation of Niger. The holotype and only known individual preserves caudal vertebrae, chevrons and portions of the right hind limb. Derived ornithomimosaurian features include the broad, peanut-shaped articular surfaces of mid caudal centra, parasagittal fossae on mid caudal centra for reception of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra, and a raised, subtriangular platform on the ventral aspect of the pedal phalanges. New information is given for, and comparisons made to, Nqwebasaurus thwazi from southern Africa, the oldest and most basal ornithomimosaur. Unlike other coelurosaurian clades that have expansive radiations on northern landmasses, the oldest ornithomimosaur and now another basal form are known from a southern landmass, Africa.
The chemical subject: phenomenology and German encounters with the gas mask in the World War I

Employing phenomenological theory, this paper argues that German World War I soldiers’ introduction to the gas mask represents a salient historical moment in the human relationship to modern chemic...
Loss of PTEN in high grade advanced stage triple negative breast ductal cancers in African American women.

Abstract Introduction PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) signaling pathway. The significance of PTEN mutations resulting in variable PTEN expression and their impact on prognosis of breast cancer is not well established. The objective of our study was to correlate the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in the four major subtypes of breast carcinoma (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 positive, and Triple Negative) in a population of 202 African-American (AA) females with other clinicopathological factors. Materials and methods Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from FFPE tumor blocks from primary ductal breast carcinomas in 202 African-American females. Five micrometer sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against PTEN. The sections were evaluated for the intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear reactivity. Bivariate analysis was done via χ2 analysis and survivability data was calculated via the generation of Kaplan-Meier curves (SPSS v19). Results Loss of PTEN expression was associated with ER negative (p = 0.021), PR negative (p = 0.024) and triple negative (p = 0.0024) breast ductal cancers. It was marginally associated with distant metastasis (p = 0.074). There was no association between PTEN loss and recurrence-free survival or overall survival. Conclusion In our study, a statistically significant association between PTEN loss and the triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) was found in AA women. PTEN inhibits PI3 K resulting in decreased activation of downstream effector, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Loss of PTEN results in cell proliferation through activation of mTOR. Targeted therapy with mTOR inhibitors might be useful in the treatment of TNBC.
Canadian Business Cycles since 1919: A Progress Report *

Since the appearance of annual estimates of gross national expenditure and its components, their use has dominated the analysis of Canadian business fluctuations. They provide the most comprehensive picture of the value and volume of those goods and services, currently produced and consumed, which have passed through the market place. The national accounts have been adapted to analyses of the relationship between the Canadian economy and the economies of the United Kingdom and the United States, particularly of the latter. Interest in these relationships existed for many years before national income accounting became available, but its development certainly gave the problem new focus. The use of national accounts for cyclical analysis has given rise to two problems. The first is that attention in Canada has focused on the period since 1926. There has been great emphasis accordingly on the Great Depression, its transmission to and impact on the economy. This cyclical experience has dominated the recent thinking of Canadian economists quite apart from the crises and misery which it brought. After all it is the one cyclical movement which stands out clearly in the national accounts. Furthermore, the experience of 1929-32 presented an unusual combination of circumstances. Nothing like it in duration or extent had occurred since the 1870’s. To base much of the analysis of Canadian business cycles on this one downturn, however major it might have been, and to draw implications for policy therefrom, could easily put public and private decision-making on an inadequate and misleading foundation.
Combining Multiple Methods in Establishment Questionnaire Testing: The 2017 Census of Agriculture Testing Bento Box

There are many methods that can be used to test questionnaires, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The best approaches to questionnaire testing combine different methods to both broaden and strengthen the results. The US Census of Agriculture (COA) is conducted every five years and collects detailed information on agricultural production, inventories, practices, and operator demographics from agricultural establishments. Preceding each COA, evaluation and testing is done to test new items in the questionnaire and improve data quality for the subsequent COA. This article will describe how a multi-method approach, which we call Bento Box Testing, was applied to establishment questionnaire testing leading up to the 2017 COA. Testing included solicitation of expert opinion, historical data review, cognitive testing, a large scale field test, and qualitative follow-up interviews. The benefits of these testing methods, considerations for establishment survey testing, and how their results in combination provide a stronger evaluation are discussed.
The Radiology Report: The Value of the Impression

Now we come to a final component of my ruminations about the Radiology Report. In the preceding essay, I talked about inappropriate words and phrases that create ambiguity or worse. Also I went through the various components of the report including preliminary information and the main narrative. I now wish to discuss the most important parts of the report, the impression and the resulting recommendations.
Integumental lipids of plants and animals: comparative function and biochemistry.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the chemical composition, physical structure, and arrangement of integumental lipids. Lipids associated with the integument of organisms consist of a complex mixture of long-chain and cyclic compounds. They can be separated into four major categories: (1) hydrocarbons, (2) oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, (3) cyclic compounds, and (4) polar lipids. The integument can serve an organism in many ways. It provides mechanical protection against injury and serves as a physical barrier to predators and invasion by microorganisms. It regulates the movement of materials, especially water, in and out of the body. In many species, the integument also participates in temperature regulation, respiration, locomotion, chemical and visual communication, and environmental sensing. These and other functions depend upon the unique interaction of specific structural, biochemical, and physiological properties of the integument. In virtually every case, lipids deposited on the surface and/or impregnated within the various layers are a key element.
An evaluation of three methods for assessing sexual behavior in boars.

This study used three separate methods to evaluate sexual behavior in boars previously classified as having high (H), intermediate (INT), or low (L) levels of sexual behavior. Boars were initially evaluated for sexual behavior at 9.6 to 10.6 mo of age with a tethered female for 5 min. Boars were subsequently evaluated with a tethered female for 10 min (TF), a group of females for 10 min (FG), or continuously in a cohabitation environment for 113 h (C). When boars were evaluated with the TF procedure they mounted the female in less time ( P < .01) and copulated sooner (P <.01) than when evaluated with the FG procedure. Regardless of whether the TF or FG procedure was used, L boars cumulated less time (P <.01) nosing the sides of females and took longer ( P <.01) to first mount than H or INT boars. Proportion of successful matings was not different between the TF and FG procedure; however, the proportion of successful matings by H (91.7%), INT (79.2%), and L (45.8%) boars did differ (P <.001). With the C procedure, sexual behavior classification affected (P <.01) average number of successful matings (H, 4.7; INT, 2.3; and L,.33). This study indicates that sexual behavior traits expressed by a boar are similar when evaluated with a tethered female, a group of females, or a cohabitation environment.
An evaluation of visitor decisions regarding alternative transportation in Glacier National Park

In 2007, Glacier National Park implemented a free, voluntary shuttle bus system along the Going to the Sun Road. The first year of implementation of the transit system at Glacier National Park presented a unique opportunity to evaluate visitor behavior in national parks. One way that transportation mode choice has been understood is through the theory of planned behavior, which characterizes social behavior as the result of conscious, deliberate thought processes directly related to the behavior in question. This study examined the intersection of national park visitors' recreation experience preference and their decisions toward shuttle use in a national park. Expanding upon the theory of planned behavior, this study explores the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as well as visitors' higher order goals of recreation experience preference and desired recreational activities on their intentions toward shuttle use. Results show visitors' preferences for experiences of solitude and personal control were significant predictors of intentions to ride the shuttle. Furthermore, when added to a model including the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, visitors' desires for experiences of solitude significantly improved the prediction of behavioral intentions beyond that of the theory of planned behavior alone.
Engendering Learning: Experiences of Peer Educators Trained as Entangled Learners

Building on previous research on skills individuals develop through their work as peer educators, we present a case study to uncover the experiences of our peer educators whose training is based in...
Visual Impairment is Not Blindness

□ Visual impairment is not necessarily blindness and the requirements of visually impaired persons are in many ways significantly different from those of blind persons. All too often agencies for t...
On the delicate state of instability of a vertical riser transporting fluid

Abstract The variation in the dynamic characteristics of a flexible riser as the riser transitions from a vertical riser to a catenary-type riser is investigated. It is well known that the straight configuration of a flexible vertical riser conveying fluid destablizes in a divergence-type instability once the velocity of the transporting fluid exceeds a critical speed. As expected, the instability persists if a slight horizontal offset is introduced at the hang-off point. However, as demonstrated in this paper, if a finite horizontal offset is introduced then the instability vanishes and the resulting static configuration of the catenary-type riser is stable regardless of the transport speed of the fluid.
“La Carne es la Tierra”: microcosmic Adam, cartographic Christ in the Libro de Alexandre

This article studies the relationship between the medieval cartographic tradition of Adam's acrostic and the Libro de Alexandre. In particular, it analyzes the Adamic octipartite literature as the point of departure to understand Alexander the Great's flight in apocalyptic terms and the anthropomorphic figure he sees from above.
Effectiveness of Advance Care Planning Group Visits Among Older Adults in Primary Care

BACKGROUND Group visits can support health behavior change and self-efficacy. In primary care, an advance care planning (ACP) group visit may leverage group dynamics and peer mentorship to facilitate education and personal goal setting that result in ACP engagement. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the ENgaging in Advance Care Planning Talks (ENACT) group visits intervention improves ACP documentation and readiness in older adults. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted among geriatric primary care patients from the University of Colorado Hospital Seniors Clinic, Aurora, CO, from August 2017 to November 2019. Participants randomized to ENACT group visits (n = 55) participated in two 2-hour sessions with discussions of ACP topics and use of ACP tools (i.e., Conversation Starter Kit, Medical Durable Power of Attorney form, and PREPARE videos). Participants randomized to the control arm (n = 55) received the Conversation Starter Kit and a Medical Durable Power of Attorney form by mail. The primary outcomes included presence of ACP documents or medical decision-maker documentation in the electronic health record (EHR) at 6 months, and a secondary outcome was ACP readiness (validated four-item ACP Engagement Survey) at 6 months. RESULTS Participants were a mean of 77 years old, 60% female, and 79% white. At 6 months, 71% of ENACT participants had an advance directive in the EHR (26% higher) compared with 45% of control arm participants (P < .001). Similarly, 93% of ENACT participants had decision-maker documentation in the EHR (29% higher) compared with 73% in the control arm (P < .001). ENACT participants trended toward higher readiness to engage in ACP compared with control (4.56 vs 4.13; P = .16) at 6 months. CONCLUSION An ACP group visit increased ACP documentation and readiness to engage in ACP behavior change. Primary care teams can explore implementation and adaptation of ACP group visits into routine care, as well as longer-term impact on patient health outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2382-2389, 2020.
Islamic Banking: Home Purchase Financings III: Murabaha and Tawarruq

This article describes two generic structures used in Shari'ah-compliant home purchase financings: the murabaha (cost-plus sale) and tawarruq (pre-structured cost-plus sale). The same structures are widely used in commercial real estate financings, project and infrastructure financings, and a wide range of other financings.
SPRED proteins and their roles in signal transduction, development, and malignancy

The roles of SPRED proteins in signaling, development, and cancer are becoming increasingly recognized. SPRED proteins comprise an N-terminal EVH-1 domain, a central c-Kit-binding domain, and C-terminal SROUTY domain. They negatively regulate signaling from tyrosine kinases to the Ras-MAPK pathway. SPRED1 binds directly to both c-KIT and to the RasGAP, neurofibromin, whose function is completely dependent on this interaction. Loss-of-function mutations in SPRED1 occur in human cancers and cause the developmental disorder, Legius syndrome. Genetic ablation of SPRED genes in mice leads to behavioral problems, dwarfism, and multiple other phenotypes including increased risk of leukemia. In this review, we summarize and discuss biochemical, structural, and biological functions of these proteins including their roles in normal cell growth and differentiation and in human disease.
Romanzo italiano e repubblica globale delle lettere

The essay looks at the production, distribution, and consumption of the Italian novel in the global editorial market in the context of what Mark McGurl has called “the age of Amazon.” By drawing from studies on so-called “platform capitalism,” but also from those concerning the restructuring of the editorial market, the essay considers the increasing importance of branding, and in particular of national brands, in the editorial policies of the last two decades.
Beneficial and detrimental genes in the cellular response to replication arrest

Abstract DNA replication is essential for all living organisms, and a variety of events can perturb replication, including DNA damage (e.g., pyrimidine dimers, crosslinking) and replication arrest due to “roadblocks” such as DNA-binding proteins or transcription. Bacteria have several well-characterized mechanisms for repairing damaged DNA and restoring functional replication forks. However, little is known about the repair of stalled or arrested replication forks in the absence of DNA lesions. Using a library of random transposon insertions in Bacillus subtilis, we identified 35 genes that affect the ability of cells to survive arrest of replication elongation, in the absence of DNA damage. Genes identified included those involved in iron-sulfur homeostasis, cell envelope biogenesis, and DNA repair and recombination. In B. subtilis, and many bacteria, two nucleases (AddAB and RecJ) are involved in early steps in repairing replication forks arrested by DNA damage. Loss of either one causes increased sensitivity to DNA damage. These single-strand nucleases resect DNA ends, leading to assembly of the recombinase RecA onto the single stranded DNA. Notably, we found that disruption of recJ increased survival of cells following replication arrest, indicating that, in the absence of DNA damage, RecJ is detrimental to surviving replication arrest. In contrast, and as expected, disruption of addA decreased survival of cells following replication arrest, indicating that AddA promotes survival. The different phenotypes of addA and recJ mutants appeared to be due to differences in assembly of RecA onto DNA. RecJ promoted too much assembly of RecA, and loss of RecA compensated for the detrimental effects of RecJ. Our results indicate that in the absence of DNA lesions, RecA is dispensable for cells to survive replication arrest and the stable RecA nucleofilaments favored by the RecJ pathway may lead to cell death by preventing proper processing of the arrested replication fork.
Remote-controlled exchange rates by photoswitchable internal catalysis of dynamic covalent bonds

The transesterification of boronate esters with diols is tunable over at least 14 orders of magnitude. Rate acceleration is achieved by internal base catalysis, which lowers the barrier for the proton transfer step. Here we report a photoswitchable internal catalyst that tunes the rate of boronic ester/diol exchange over at least 4 orders of magnitude. We employed an acylhydrazone molecular photoswitch, which forms a thermally stable but photoreversible intramolecular H-bond, to gate the activity of the internal base catalyst in 8-quinoline boronic esters. The photoswitch can be cycled repeatedly, with high photostationary states. The intramolecular H-bond is found to be essential to the design of this photoswitchable internal catalyst, as protonating the quinoline with external sources of acid has little effect on the exchange rate.
Chapter 5. Novel Antipsychotics

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the novel atypical anti-psychotic agents that are used in treating schizophrenia. Use of such agents is also popular because of their reduced side effects compared to other similar agents. Newly identified dopamine receptors (D3, D4, D5), which were further characterized, has included the first autoradiographic visualization of D3 receptors in rat and human brain. The D4 receptor has been found to exist as several polymorphic variants that may explain the genetic range of susceptibility to schizophrenia and/or varied individual response to anti-psychotics. Researchers have measured the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors in the rat brain after neuroleptic treatment. Clinical trials with roxindole, a D2 autoreceptor agonist, showed efficacy in a group of schizophrenic patients with primary negative symptoms, whereas, results with SDZ-HDZ912 have been less conclusive. The virtues of this atypical anti-psychotic continue to be extolled. Debate on the novel mechanisrn(s) of action of clozapine continues: its superior efficacy has been attributed to interactions with a variety of receptor sites in the CNS and this list has been expanded to include 5HT 1c , D 4 , and glutamate. The chapter also discusses the role of serotonine antagonists, sigma receptors, neurokinin, and others. Several additional receptors have been proposed as having a potential role in the alleviation of psychotic symptoms. The genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia has been further emphasized as has the incidence of the disease because of prior exposure to viral pathogens. Other biological findings like the interaction of neuroleptics with the CNS receptors utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, and molecular modeling studies have also got their significance.
Semi-empirical stress/energy-based acceleration of temperature cycling failure

Acceleration models used in microelectronic packaging are important for determining failure estimates during a product's useful life. However, many of the models used in determining qualification requirements are based on empirically observed trends in historic fail modes and are parameterized based on extrinsic factors such as cycling temperature range. As new materials and packaging configurations lead to new failure modes, it is important that the acceleration is parameterized based on intrinsic factors such as stress, strain, and energy in order to accurately extrapolate end user failure rate estimates. This work proposes an acceleration model for thermomechanical cycling based on intrinsic accelerating factors.
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptor activity in fetal sheep.

Abstract Fetal circulatory responses to infusions of isoproterenol and methoxamine were measured in 16 fetal sheep with weights between 138 grams and 4.75 kilograms. During isoproterenol infusion in 9 animals, heart rate increased from a mean of 196 to 247 and mean umbilical blood flow increased from 211 to 269 ml. per kilogram per minute. Cardiac output, measured by radionuclide labeled microspheres, did not change significantly but was redistributed with preferential flow to the placenta and myocardium. During methoxamine infusion in 7 studies, mean arterial pressure increased from a mean value of 46 mm. Hg to 56 mm. Hg and mean unbilical blood flow decreased from 217 to 177 ml. per kilogram per minute. Cardiac output decreased in all animals (mean decrease, 22.5 per cent). Renal blood flow decreased out of proportion to the change in cardiac output; the proportion of cardiac output supplying the lungs increased, and in 6 animals actual flow to the lungs also increased.
Desert Island Column

Day I. I woke to blinding sunlight. I moved my hand to shield my eyes and was immediately made aware of excruciating pain all over my body. I somehow crawled, without even realizing what I was doing, up the beach and into the shade. I collapsed again in some soft, cool leaves, and had a chance to examine myself. In several places where my clothing had torn, my skin was extremely sunburned. Great, I thought, I’ll have skin cancer now before I’m fifty. I sank back into the leaves with a big sigh, and wondered if perhaps I might not have a more pressing concern. Slowly, very slowly, the events of the previous night began to unfold in my recently activated consciousness.
Serum prolactin concentrations in women treated with chlormadinone acetate

Serum prolactin concentrations were measured serially in eight normal women who used continuous chlormadinone acetate treatment (500 mug per day) for six months as part of an investigational new drug contraceptive study. Circulating prolactin was also measured in women using several additional oral contraceptive steroid preparations including a sequential mestranol-mestranol + chlormadinone acetate regimen. No increase in basal serum prolactin concentration was produced by chlormadinone acetate treatment, either alone or when added to estrogen therapy. These results suggest that chlormadinone acetate may not alter human mammary tissue through a prolactin mechanism.