cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The source of choline for acetylcholine synthesis in brain

Abstract More is known about the synthesis and metabolism of acetylcholine (ACh) than other choline (Ch) containing compounds in the brain in spite of the fact that ACh represents only a small fraction of the total Ch esters. This review will attempt to summarize the evidence for the source of Ch in the brain and its relation to the turnover of ACh. Ch is a precursor not only for ACh but also for phosphoryl Ch and phospholipids. It appears that in the rat a bound form of Ch in the brain can produce free Ch which can leave the brain, be converted to ACh or be reutilized for phospholipid synthesis. There is evidence that one of the sources of free Ch that is utilized for ACh synthesis is outside the cholinergic nerve terminal.
The Effects of Estrogen in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of death and the most common cause of long-term disability in the USA. Women have a lower incidence of stroke compared with men throughout most of the lifespan which has been ascribed to protective effects of gonadal steroids, most notably estrogen. Due to the lower stroke incidence observed in pre-menopausal women and robust preclinical evidence of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen, researchers have focused on the potential benefits of hormones to reduce ischemic brain injury. However, as women age, they are disproportionately affected by stroke, coincident with the loss of estrogen with menopause. The risk of stroke in elderly women exceeds that of men and it is clear that in some settings estrogen can have pro-inflammatory effects. This review will focus on estrogen and inflammation and its interaction with aging.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of CD44 and Desmoplakin I & II in Hailey‐Hailey's Disease and Darier's Disease

The cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 is found on a wide variety of cells including epidermal cells. It is involved in cell to cell adhesion. Desmoplakin I & II are important components of the attachment plaque of desmosomes. In this study, we compared the distribution patterns of anti-CD44 and anti-desmoplakin I & II in Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease. In the normal skin, anti-CD44 stained the entire periphery of epidermal keratinocytes while anti-desmoplakin I & II produced dotted staining patterns along the periphery of epidermal keratinocytes. In Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease, the staining pattern of anti-CD44 on acantholized keratinocytes did not change, but anti-desmoplakin I & II lost their peripheral, dotted patterns and stained diffusely in the cytoplasm in most acantholytic cells. These results suggest that, in Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease, CD44 may be intact even in acantholytic cells but abnormalities of desmoplakin exist in such cells.
Structure and Characteristics of Few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide

Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide are indirect band gap materials in their bulk form but become direct semiconductors when pared down to a single layer. This paper discusses the structural characteristics and properties of single and few-layer molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, we present aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations of the structural properties of this material. This information is augmented with data from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies on single and few-layer samples. High-resolution TEM images of few-layer and bulk molybdenum disulfide confirm a hexagonal structure for the material. Direct images, along with corresponding fast Fourier transforms, provide valuable information about the crystal structure and reciprocal space lattice of few-layer molybdenum disulfide. One can, for example, determine the in-plane lattice constants experimentally from analysis of the TEM images. Atomic force microscope topographic maps can yield the thickness of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide; these maps can also be used to determine the thicknesses of multi-layered samples. Analysis of combined Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy data are valuable in confirming the number of layers in molybdenum disulfide samples. Furthermore, the photoluminescence data can provide unique information on the nature of emission from monolayer molybdenum disulfide; it is characteristically different from that of few-layer samples. The spectral location of the monolayer peak emission agrees with what was obtained from theoretical calculations.
The Most-Cited Scholars and Works in Corrections:

Although numerous studies recently have appeared that identify the most-cited scholars and works in the general criminology and criminal justice literature and in several specialty areas, no previous citation study has specifically examined the corrections literature. Through an analysis of 209 articles and research notes appearing from 1992 to 1996 in the area of corrections, the authors list the 50 most-cited scholars and the 25 most-cited works. The lists of the most-cited scholars and works in corrections are compared to general lists taken from leading criminology and criminal justice journals and introductory textbooks. The authors' analysis uncovers certain citation trends relating to pivotal controversies in correctional research.
Doing the Right Thing in Healthcare

Healthcare in America is at stake based on the pretense of doing the right thing. The current situation leaves many Americans without quality healthcare. By identifying and recognizing some of these issues perhaps healthcare professionals may begin to offer solutions and stand up for patients.
Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls

Background. Concern regarding change in the onset of sexual maturation of US girls has increased the need for current information on age at menarche from a national sample. Previous reports have been sparse and interpretation has been limited because of the racial composition and ages of the samples. Objective. The objectives of this study were to estimate the distribution of age at menarche for all US girls and for non-Hispanic white, black, and Mexican American girls in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to test for racial differences. Design. Menstrual status data were collected from 2510 girls aged 8.0 to 20.0 years. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed a complex, stratified, multistage probability cluster design. SUDAAN was used to calculate proportions of girls reaching menarche at an age. Ages at menarche were estimated by probit analysis at the ages at which 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the girls attained menarche. Results. Less than 10% of US girls start to menstruate before 11 years, and 90% of all US girls are menstruating by 13.75 years of age, with a median age of 12.43 years. This age at menarche is not significantly different (0.34 years earlier) than that reported for US girls in 1973. Age at menarche for non-Hispanic black girls was significantly earlier than that of white girls at 10%, 25%, and 50% of those who had attained menarche, whereas Mexican American girls were only significantly earlier than the white girls at 25%. Conclusion. Overall, US girls are not gaining reproductive potential earlier than in the past. The age at menarche of non-Hispanic black girls is significantly earlier than that of non-Hispanic white and Mexican American girls.
Time for new urban ethnographies

■ Advances in urban sociology now depend on developing the temporal dimensions of ethnographic data. For public place behavior, the need is to follow people before, through, and after the sites where fly-on-the-wall researchers traditionally have observed them. To understand how people economically exploit a city’s public life, researchers must follow market responses that discount and redistribute initial advantages. For explaining the formation of neighborhoods, a multiphase social theory is required. Drawing examples from Los Angeles, nine historical processes are shown to have shaped a substantively wide range of cases, including officially preserved, Orthodox Jewish, affluent totemic, low-income ethnic immigrant, and homeless service areas. A historical approach shows that the social character stamped onto a neighborhood early in its history is often effaced or reversed by later processes, identifies new formative processes, and locates the major turning point in a different period, the 1960s, than d...
Online connection provisioning in metro optical WDM networks using reconfigurable OADMS (ROADMS)

Reconfigurable OADMs (ROADMs) provide flexibility and enables fast provisioning of dynamic traffic in ring-based metro optical WDM networks. We investigate the online connection provisioning and propose heuristics to combat various constraints in this network.
Generalized methodology for modeling and simulating optical interconnection networks using diffraction analysis

Research in the field of free-space optical interconnection networks has reached a point where simulators and other design tools are desirable for reducing development costs and for improving design time. Previously proposed methodologies have only been applicable to simple systems. Our goal was to develop a simulation methodology capable of evaluating the performance characteristics for a variety of different free-space networks under a range of different configurations and operating states. The proposed methodology operates by first establishing the optical signal powers at various locations in the network. These powers are developed through the simulation by diffraction analysis of the light propagation through the network. After this evaluation, characteristics such as bit-error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, and system bandwidth are calculated. Further, the simultaneous evaluation of this process for a set of component misalignments provides a measure of the alignment tolerance of a design. We discuss this simulation process in detail as well as provide models for different optical interconnection network components.
Identification of a High-Order Linear Model of the UH-60M Helicopter Flight Dynamics in Hover

*A high-order linear state-space model of the flight dynamics of the UH-60M helicopter in hover is identified from flight-test data. The 28-state linear dynamic model includes the six rigid body degrees of freedom, first-order rigid-blade longitudinal and lateral tip path plane (TPP) flapping, second-order rigid-blade coning dynamics, first-order vertical inflow, main rotor angular velocity, and rigid-blade TPP regressing lead-lag dynamics. The model structure also includes dynamic states for the primary servo actuators and a kinematic model of the UH-60 control mixer and swashplate control linkages. This model structure provides a convenient interface at which the model can be partitioned for application to flight-control system design for the UH-60M Upgrade aircraft, which will include a highbandwidth fly-by-wire flight-control system and will replace much of the mechanical control system on the baseline UH-60M. The identified model is of sufficient accuracy and order to be used with confidence in the design and analysis of high-bandwidth fly-by-wire flightcontrol laws for the UH-60M Upgrade helicopter in the hover and low-speed flight regimes.
Electrical derivative analysis of leakage current in quantum cascade lasers

Leakage current in quantum-cascade-lasers with oxide-blocked-ridge waveguide and buried-heterostructure (with/without n-InP top-cover) are compared using electrical derivative measurements. Oxide-blocking structure provides the least leakage current although the top-covered BH QCLs show the toughest durability.
Self-assembled tetrapyrrole–fullerene and tetrapyrrole–carbon nanotube donor–acceptor hybrids for light induced electron transfer applications

This review article highlights the recent progress made in the design and study of self-assembled supramolecular architectures based on tetrapyrrole macrocycles as donors, and fullerene and carbon nanotubes as electron acceptors for electron and energy transfer applications in solution. The remarkable features of the utilized biomimetic organization principles viz., hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, metal-mediated complexation, and electrostatic attraction in governing the stability and geometry of the nanohybrids, and their significance in controlling the structure and electron transfer properties are discussed.
Water quality profiles during nitrification in a pilot distribution system study

Biochemical nitrification was investigated in a large scale pilot study using aged galvanized steel, unlined cast iron and a hybrid pilot distribution systems consisting of a combination of aged polyvinyl chloride, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron and galvanized steel pipes. Variations of free ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chloramine residual in the distribution system water are discussed for each pipe material. Chloramine depletion, DO depletion, free ammonia release, heterotrophic plate count (HPC) growth, NO 2 –N and NO x –N measured as the sum of nitrite and nitrate N were dependent on pipe material. Galvanized steel pipe had the highest chlorine demand and produced conditions without residuals, which corresponded to the higher HPC proliferation and DO consumption and the lowest nitrification. The greatest production of nitrite and nitrate was observed in unlined cast iron pipe. Denitrification was observed in the unlined cast iron pilot distribution system following residual loss and development of anoxic conditions.
Coordinate Frames in Robotic Teleoperation

An important mode of human-robot interaction is teleoperation, in which a human operator directly controls a robot via hardware such as a joystick or mouse. Such control is not always easy, however, as the viewpoint of the human, the alignment of the input device, and the local coordinate frame of the robot are rarely all aligned. These discrepancies force the user to reconcile the involved coordinate frames during teleoperation. Therefore, the choice of coordinate frames is critical since an unintuitive coordinate frame mapping will likely lead to higher mental workload and reduced efficiency. We discuss this concern, describe the various difficulties involved with natural remote teleoperation of a robot, and report experiments that demonstrate the effects of using different frames of reference on task performance and user mental workload.
Moving toward the Deliberate Coproduction of Climate Science Knowledge

Coproduction of knowledge is believed to be an effective way to produce usable climate science knowledge through a process of collaboration between scientists and decision makers. While the general principles of coproduction—establishing long-term relationships between scientists and stakeholders, ensuring two-way communication between both groups, and keeping the focus on the production of usable science—are well understood, the mechanisms for achieving those goals have been discussed less. It is proposed here that a more deliberate approach to building the relationships and communication channels between scientists and stakeholders will yield better outcomes. The authors present five approaches to collaborative research that can be used to structure a coproduction process that each suit different types of research or management questions, decision-making contexts, and resources and skills available to contribute to the process of engagement. By using established collaborative research approaches scientists can be more effective in learning from stakeholders, can be more confident when engaging with stakeholders because there are guideposts to follow, and can assess both the process and outcomes of collaborative projects, which will help the whole community of stakeholder-engaged climate-scientists learn about coproduction of knowledge.
Electroplated Sn-Au structures for fabricating fluxless flip-chip Sn-rich solder joints

A fluxless bonding process in hydrogen environment based on newly introduced Sn-Au electroplated multilayer that is highly Sn-rich is presented. Electroplating method is an economical alternative to vacuum deposition method in many soldering applications that require thicker solder joints. Non-eutectic Sn-rich Sn-Au multilayer design with 94 at. % Sn and 6 at. % Au are employed. Microstructure and phase formation of electroplated Sn-Au thin films are investigated using X-ray diffraction method (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The joints produced are also examined using these techniques. It is found that the small Sn-Au intermetallic compound (AuSn/sub 4/) grains are uniformly distributed in Sri matrix. Some voids are identified by a Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). The remelting temperature of the joints ranges in 217 /spl sim/ 222/spl deg/C. Highly Sn-rich Sn-Au solder bumps are fabricated by plating through thickness photoresist pattern to develop fluxless flip-chip bonding technique. Thicker bumps (over 50 /spl mu/m) have been produced. This new fluxless bonding process is the first fluxless bonding technology that was successfully achieved by electroplating within author's knowledge.
Streaming route panoramas for large area visualization

This paper introduces new developments of route panoramas in data transmission, visualization and area indexing. The route panorama is a compact, continuous, and complete image representation archiving scenes along streets. We model large geospatial areas with route panoramas at a more detailed and complete level than before. Various visualization tools of the route panoramas are designed for flexible observation of environment on different platforms. We stream the route panoramas on the Internet in response to the viewer's interaction so that viewers can move around in the virtually established space. In addition, we develop data indexing scheme to make the representation a powerful index to geospatial information. The embedded view-to-space links in the route panoramas guides the transition to detailed spaces. Combined with other image media, viewers can look around, traverse in a grid of routes, and retrieve information associated to various locations. Several applications are presented for E-business, E-education, and E-living.
Matrix-specific method validation for quantitative analysis of vitamin C in diverse foods

A B S T R A C T Vitamin C, assayed as total ascorbic acid (AA), was extracted from foods using HPLC with ultraviolet spectrophotometric detection, including treatment of the extract tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) to reduce any dehydroascorbic acid to AA. The method was validated for a variety of matrices including fruits and vegetables, fruit juice, dried spices, and high-starch and high-fat foods, using spike recovery, sequential extractions, analysis of available certified reference materials, and verification of AA peak purity. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.06‐0.09 mg and 0.2 mg AA per 100 g food, respectively. The average recovery of added AA from all matrices was 97‐103%.The inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) for matrices including orange juice, fortified cereal, a fruit and vegetable composite, and freeze-dried vegetables was 1.1‐2.0% and 4.8%, and HORRAT values (RSD/predicted RSD) for a wide range of foods were <0.1‐0.6. Results for certified reference materials, BCR 1 431 (freeze-dried Brussels sprouts), BCR 1 421 (milk powder) and VMA399 (dry breakfast cereal) (465 ! 4.6, 74.0 ! 1.1 and 70.5 ! 1.5 mg/100 g, respectively) were within the certified ranges. Without matrix-specific method adjustments to the method validated for orange juice, extraction problems and interferences in the AA peak for particular matrices lead to over- or underestimation of vitamin C in many foods (0.3‐70 mg/100 g; 5.5‐64%).
Nisin resistance of Streptococcus bovis

The growth of Streptococcus bovis JB1 was initially inhibited by nisin (1 μM), and nisin caused a more than 3-log decrease in viability. However, some of the cells survived, and these nisin-resistant cells grew as rapidly as untreated ones. To see if the nisin resistance was merely a selection, nisin-sensitive cells were obtained from agar plates lacking nisin. Results indicated that virtually any nisin-sensitive cell could become nisin-resistant if the ratio of nisin to cells was not too high and the incubation period was long enough. Isolates obtained from the rumen were initially nisin sensitive, but they also developed nisin resistance. Nisin-resistant cultures remained nisin resistant even if nisin was not present, but competition studies indicated that nisin-sensitive cells could eventually displace the resistant ones if nisin was not present. Nisin-sensitive, glucose-energized cells lost virtually all of their intracellular potassium if 1 μM nisin was added, but resistant cells retained potassium even after addition of 10 μM nisin. Nisin-resistant cells were less hydrophobic and more lysozyme-resistant than nisin-sensitive cells. Because the nisin-resistant cells bound less cytochrome c, it appeared that nisin was being excluded by a net positive (i.e., less negative) charge. Nisin-resistant cells had more lipoteichoic acid than nisin-sensitive cells, and deesterified lipoteichoic acids from nisin-resistant cells migrated more slowly through a polyacrylamide gel than those from nisin-sensitive cells. These results indicated that lipoteichoic acids could be modified to increase the resistance of S. bovis to nisin. S. bovis JB1 cultures were still sensitive to monensin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and bacitracin, but ampicillin resistance was 1,000-fold greater.
Postnatal neurogenesis in the cerebellum of the cat and tritiated thymidine autoradiography.

Summary In the cerebellum of 6-day-old kittens evidence for extensive postnatal neurogenesis was established by administering [3H]thymidine intracisternally. When the radiochemical was administered intraperitoneally, it did not appear to reach the central nervous system sufficiently. For both the routes of administration of the radiochemical namely intracisternal and intraperitoneal, limitations on the use of tritiated thymidine autoradiography for the study of neurogenesis in the cat were brought out.
Scientific harassment by pharmaceutical companies: time to stop.

The timely and accurate synthesis of clinical trial results and of other information on new drugs and new devices is essential to informed decision-making on the appropriate use of these products. However, 2 alarming trends are already impeding such assessments. First, the results of applied medical
Experimental performance evaluation of a combustion heat-assisted catalytic flat plate fuel reformer for fuel cell grade hydrogen

Abstract Combining exothermic catalytic combustion heat on one side of a very high heat convective thin flat plate and endothermic catalytic reforming reaction on the other side, catalytic flat plate provides excellent heat integration into a compact fuel reformer system. Based on a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model simulation results, a real world compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer was built and experimentally evaluated its performance, for generating fuel cell grade hydrogen, in an actual high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The two-dimensional CFD model helps to optimize various design parameters necessary to build the actual compact reformer and eliminated the uncertainties of heat and mass transfer coefficient values arise in one-dimensional CFD model. The performance of the compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer was evaluated using a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack at 160 °C with reformate fed directly from the reformer to the anode stream of fuel cell stack. For performance comparison, a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack was first evaluated with industry-standard pure hydrogen (0% CO) as well as with various percentage of CO mixed hydrogen (2% CO and 5% CO). Experimental results showed that if the average cell voltage drop within 0.03–0.05 mV of a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack would be acceptable then the reformate can be used at 160 °C instead of pure hydrogen. The experimental results also indicated that the reformer will be able to provide actual fuel cell grade hydrogen that could be directly pumped from the compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer into the high temperature PEM fuel cell stack.
The language of ontology is the subject matter of behavioral science

Abstract This paper examines one of the many points of contact between behavioral science and traditional issues in philosophy. Such points of contact involve an analysis of verbal practices of both fields. Specifically, the question is whether the scientific nonverbal and verbal practices of behavioral science allow for descriptions of “reality” or the “real world”. The key to answering this question is found in two pragmatically-based scientific systems, Functional Contextualism (Contextual Behavioral Science) and Radical Behaviorism (Behavior Analysis). Although both scientific systems acknowledge the physical world (or the one world), the case is made that there is no way to access the “real world” in and of itself. All behavior is inextricably related to multiple and interactive environmental variables over time, and thus it is impossible to make discriminations of “reality” that do not entail the influence of such variables. All such discriminations must be, in part, a function of a history in the relevant verbal community and culture. Critics might claim that the scientific perspectives described here also constitute ontology, but even if it qualifies as such under the language game of philosophy, the perspective still serves the pragmatic language game of science. Further, a scientific analysis of ontology might be possible through a functional analysis of the philosophical and psychological terms and practices involved with the language of ontology.
Incomplete Information, Exercise Policy, and the Valuation of Claims on Noisy Real Assets

Real option values often depend on assets that are infrequently traded and lack a continuously reliable value benchmark. In this paper we develop a methodology for valuing a wide variety of claims on noisy real assets, including those that are European, American, compound and strategic in nature. When asset value information is incomplete, a weighted average of the noisy signal of asset value and the asset's forward price is used to determine conditional asset value and option exercise policy. We show that exercise policy can differ dramatically from a policy that results when information is complete. Applications involving discount debt, levered lease transactions with coupon debt financing, and imperfect competition in new product markets with information spillover are considered to illustrate our methodology. The potential implementation of information acquisition technology, implications for the observed =EBunderexercise=ED of certain real options, and the likelihood of investment cascading behavior are also analyzed.
Family portrait: a profile of educational developers around the world

AbstractEducational development (also called academic or faculty development) has been described as fragmented, disconnected, and a ‘family of strangers,’ due mostly to the different academic backgrounds of its members. In this paper, the authors report on a survey of over 1000 educational developers from 38 countries on six continents. To help the field gain a clearer picture of itself at the international level, the authors provide a profile of developers’ demography, institutional locations, academic backgrounds, and current roles, and discuss the implications for educational development as a field and developers as a community.
Research and development of ion surfing RF carpets for the cyclotron gas stopper at the NSCL

Abstract A model device to transport thermal ions in the cyclotron gas stopper, a next-generation beam thermalization device under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, is presented. Radioactive ions produced by projectile fragmentation will come to rest at distances as large as 45 cm from the extraction orifice of the cyclotron gas stopper. The thermalized ions will be transported to the exit by RF carpets employing the recently developed “ion surfing” method. A quarter-circle prototype RF carpet was tested with potassium ions, and ion transport velocities as high as 60 m/s were observed over distances greater than 10 cm at a helium buffer gas pressure of 80 mbar. The transport of rubidium ions from an RF carpet to an electrode below was also demonstrated. The results of this study formed the basis of the design of the RF carpets for use in the cyclotron gas stopper.
Do chief complaints allow targeting of SBIRT in the emergency department

Background Emergency Department (ED)-based Screening, Brief Interventions and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol and drug use has the potential to impact public health greatly. Time and resource constraints limit implementation [1]. Targeted intervention may be more efficient and practical. We hypothesized that we could use chief complaints to identify patients at highest risk of positive drug or alcohol use assessments.
A System for Recording Activity of Small Insects

Because it is difficult and time consuming to collect activity data for small insects visually, a recording system using a cage, power source, amplifier, and event recorder was devised to record locomotor activity. The system functions when the test insect makes contact between 2 electrodes placed in the test cage. The system was used to record locomotor activity of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), and Periplaneta Americana (L.) with different degrees of success, depending upon the conductance (or resistance) of the test insect. Circuit diagrams and operating procedures are presented.
Metacognition in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Objective Impaired self-awareness is characteristic of nearly all dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the deficit is most severe in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The prominence of frontal pathology in bvFTD suggests that failure of online monitoring, the process by which individuals monitor their own cognitive processing in real time, is an important contributor. Metacognitive research offers several approaches to measure self-assessment, some more and others less sensitive to online monitoring. The goal of this study was to assess metacognition in bvFTD using several approaches, and to compare the results with those in AD. Method We examined metacognition in 12 patients with bvFTD, 14 with AD, and 35 healthy controls using feeling of knowing (FOK), ease of learning (EOL), judgment of learning (JOL), and retrospective confidence rating (CR) tasks, as well as response to feedback about performance. Results BvFTD and AD were both impaired at FOK compared with controls, although AD showed some sparing. Both groups were similarly impaired at CR and neither group was impaired at JOL after accounting for memory performance. Most striking, bvFTD patients failed to appropriately adjust their predictions about future memory performance even after receiving explicit feedback that they had performed worse than they expected. Conclusions Both bvFTD and AD show deficits in online monitoring, although the deficit appears more severe in bvFTD. The insensitivity of bvFTD patients to overt feedback may point to unique mechanisms, possibly frontally mediated, that add to their severe lack of self-awareness.
SD Model in Electric Vehicle Charging System

Using electric vehicle can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution and the researches on electricity-related problem are very necessary and urgent.First,this paper analyzes the new power industry chain structure of EV charging system and establishes the related system dynamics model taking into account the economy of the industry chain.Then,it collects the basic data from a specific scale of EV charging system,uses the Vensim software to operate the system simulation through changing values of profit rate,profit adjustment rate,electricity price sensitivity,and so on.It quantifies the electricity consumption and charging price,and gets equilibrium values and curves related to both investment recovery period and electric charging models to search for the optimal decision reference,which has a realistic significance.Finally,the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the model and gives some suggestions for model improvement.
Investigation on antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens in Jiangsu Province,2012

Objective To understand the antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens in Jiangsu Province;to provide reference for risk assessment for foodborne pathogens and guidance for reasonable clinical medication.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated staphylococcus aureus,vibrio parahaemolyticus and salmonella were analyzed by Etest.Results staphylococcus aureus had the highest resistance rate to erythromycin(33.3%),followed by sulfamethoxazole(15.9%),tetracycline(11.1%),multi-drug resistance rate was 3.2%;the resistance rates of vibrio parahaemolyticus to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole were 2.1%and 3.2%,respectively;resistance rate of salmonella to nalidixic acid was 50.0%.Conclusion Understanding the most updated information of bacteria drug resistance is very important to guide resonable use of antibiotics.
The Association of Mucopolysaccharides with Morphogenesis of the Palate and Other Structures in Mouse Embryos

Acid mucopolysaccharides have been postulated to occur in the palatine shelves of mouse embryos on the basis of metachromatic staining with toluidine blue (Walker & Fraser, 1956), and this idea has since been supported by results from radioautography with S35 (Larsson, Bostrom, & Carlsoo, 1958). It was not known which structural component of the tissue contained this substance, but, since aldehyde fuchsin-positive material existed in the same area, the possibility was raised that the component was a network of elastic fibres (Walker & Fraser, 1956). The first purpose of the present paper is to describe further histochemical and radioautographic investigations of this problem, supplemented by electron microscopic observations of palatine shelf tissue. Numerous sites of S35 incorporation have been identified in embryos of various ages, including embryos too young to contain cartilage (Dziewaitkowski, 1958). Very little was concluded from such studies concerning the role of sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides other than noting their characteristic presence as a component of cartilage and bone.
HIGH-DOSE BIOTIN TREATMENT FOR SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS MAY INTERFERE WITH THYROID ASSAYS.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review cases and increase awareness in clinicians treating patients who may be taking biotin. Methods: We describe the presentation and workup of a woman with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis on high-dose biotin, with laboratory studies suggestive of thyrotoxicosis. Results: Plasma samples showed laboratory evidence of elevated thyroid hormone levels, with elevated free thyroxine >7.8 ng/dL (reference interval [RI], 0.9 to 1.7 ng/dL) and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone <0.02 μIU/mL (RI, 0.5 to 5.7 μIU/mL). Laboratory values normalized when biotin was withheld prior to repeat testing. Conclusion: Our case report demonstrates that ingestion of high-dose biotin in multiple sclerosis patients can cause interference with laboratory assessment of thyroid function. This interference causes laboratory values suggestive of thyrotoxicosis and can lead to unnecessary evaluation. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of laboratory interference in this patient demographic.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Prolonged Grief Questionnaire for Adolescents

Currently, there is no established measure to assess prolonged grief in adolescents. A new measure was designed based on the Extended Grief Inventory, the Inventory of Complicated Grief—Revised for...
CRT-800.35 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Severe Aortic Stenosis at a Safety Net Hospital

Access to contemporary device based therapy in cardiovascular medicine is often limited by socioeconomic status. Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely available in the United States, use of this therapy in a safety net hospital has not been described. The Objective of the
Dominant thalassemia-like phenotypes associated with mutations in exon 3 of the beta-globin gene.

Mutations producing beta-thalassemia reach individual gene frequencies greater than .01 in malarial-endemic regions because beta-thalassemia trait individuals have increased genetic fitness over that of normal individuals. Exon 3 of the beta-globin gene has been relatively spared as a site of common beta-thalassemia mutations. Frameshifts caused by the loss of a single nucleotide and nonsense mutations produce beta-thalassemia trait when they occur in exons 1 and 2. In contrast, they usually produce chronic hemolytic anemia when present in exon 3. Certain missense mutations in exon 3 produce unstable globins and thalassemia intermedia with hemolysis in heterozygotes. Here we report two new mutations in exon 3 of the beta-globin gene. One is a single nucleotide deletion in codon 109 in a 78-year-old Lithuanian with chronic hemolytic anemia and features of thalassemia. It leads to an abnormal globin (beta Manhattan) that is elongated to 156 amino acids. The second is a CAG-CGG missense mutation at codon 127 that causes a Gln----Pro substitution (beta Houston) and a thalassemia intermedia with hemolysis in three generations of a British-American family. Although the clinical phenotypes of these two patients differed little, differences in globin-synthetic ratios were significant, presumably reflecting differences in the ability of each abnormal beta-globin to form alpha beta dimers. The paucity of high-frequency exon 3 mutations and their worldwide distribution is likely attributable to their phenotypic severity and loss of increased genetic fitness vis-a-vis malaria.
State Market Networks in Japan: The Case of Industrial Policy

Private enterprises and Governments have both played key roles throughout history in the creation of national wealth. In the last two or three centuries business interests in the West have become progressively more autonomous from the state’s centralized power, initially taking advantage of new religious bases (Calvinistic) to legitimize their ascendancy (Weber, 1930). The emerging liberal ideology further propelled the business sector into greater autonomy, loosening various feudal fetters. Over time, this autonomy of the business sector created an ambience where resources could be applied to innovate, to produce and to trade — with successful experiments rewarded handsomely. This led to a system of continuous enterprising and continuous innovation (in products, in processes, in inputs, and in organization). The outcome of this system for continuous change was a number of Western economies which have sustained two centuries of continuous wealth creation.
Sassy Sentiments Simulation

The Sassy Sentiments Simulation provides background information and instructions for seven characters (to be played by law students) who will develop a business dispute. Sassy Sentiments is the name of a card company that is at the center of the dispute. This simulation was developed for the purpose of creating a dispute, knowledgeable clients and witnesses, and a large volume of electronically stored information (ESI) -- all to be used in an e-discovery focused pre-trial litigation course.
The Visual in Mobile Music Performance

Visual information integration in mobile music performance is an area that has not been thoroughly explored and current applications are often individually designed. From camera input to exible output rendering, we discuss visual performance support in the context of urMus, a meta-environment for mobile interaction and performance development. The use of cameras, a set of image primitives, interactive visual content, projectors, and camera ashes can lead to visually intriguing performance possibilities.
Realign current management initiatives by relearning historic innovations

The 20th century is known as the management century because of its many recent management initiatives. These touted management initiatives include scientific management, quantitative models, the application of information technology, decentralisation, multi divisional structure, teams, open innovation, and corporate initiatives. Certainly, these management developments have improved the economic productivity of firms. However, the effectiveness and originality of these modern management techniques have been overstated. Because of their narrow, short-term, and material focus, recent management techniques have often resulted in dysfunctional side effects - inequity, mistrust, and unsustainability. In order to prevent and resolve these growing problems, managers must relearn the broader principles - long-term, spiritual, and societal - underlying historic management innovations from long ago, but largely forgotten.
Genome-wide association study for electrolyte leakage in rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.).

Freezing temperature/frosts can cause significant damage to plants by rupturing plant cells. Rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) is susceptible to freezing temperature at early seedling stage. The degree of cell rupture or seedling damage can be evaluated through the measurement of electrolyte leakage. Here, we measured the electrolyte leakage of a diversity panel of B. napus germplasm accessions under simulated freezing conditions. Preliminary data for electrolyte leakage measurement indicated that cold acclimation of two-week-old seedlings for 7 days at 4 °C followed by freezing treatment at − 12 °C for 2 h provided a reasonable diversity in response. With this protocol for electrolyte leakage, a genome-wide association study was conducted on 157 winter, semi-winter, and spring types of B. napus accessions that originated from 17 countries. A total of 37,454 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based upon genotyping-by-sequencing were used for the analysis. Ten QTL were identified as associated with electrolyte leakage of canola seedlings, which together explained 43% phenotypic variation. Five of the QTL were located on A-genome. We identified at least 33 orthologs of the functional candidate genes. Although no well-characterized cold regulatory genes were identified, there were some indications that genes involved in membrane structure, developmental processes, and extracellular transport may be involved in altering the electrolyte leakage following the short-term hard freeze and rapid defrosting suffered by the plants in our protocol.
Current pediatric administered activity guidelines for 99m Tc-DMSA SPECT based on patient weight do not provide the same task-based image quality.

PURPOSE In the current clinical practice, administered activity (AA) for pediatric molecular imaging is often based on the North American expert consensus guidelines or the European Association of Nuclear Medicine dosage card, both of which were developed based on the best clinical practice. These guidelines were not formulated using a rigorous evaluation of diagnostic image quality (IQ) relative to AA. In the guidelines, AA is determined by a weight-based scaling of the adult AA, along with minimum and maximum AA constraints. In this study, we use task-based IQ assessment methods to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of weight-based scaling in equalizing IQ using a population of pediatric patients of different ages and body weights. METHODS A previously developed projection image database was used. We measured task-based IQ, with respect to the detection of a renal functional defect at six different AA levels (AA relative to the AA obtained from the guidelines). IQ was assessed using an anthropomorphic model observer. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was applied; the area under the ROC curve (AUC) served as a figure-of-merit for task performance. In addition, we investigated patient girth (circumference) as a potential improved predictor of the IQ. RESULTS The data demonstrate a monotonic and modestly saturating increase in AUC with increasing AA, indicating that defect detectability was limited by quantum noise and the effects of object variability were modest over the range of AA levels studied. The AA for a given value of the AUC increased with increasing age. The AUC vs AA plots for all the patient ages indicate that, for the current guidelines, the newborn and 10- and 15-yr phantoms had similar IQ for the same AA suggested by the North American expert consensus guidelines, but the 5- and 1-yr phantoms had lower IQ. The results also showed that girth has a stronger correlation with the needed AA to provide a constant AUC for 99m Tc-DMSA renal SPECT. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that (a) weight-based scaling is not sufficient to equalize task-based IQ for patients of different weights in pediatric 99m Tc-DMSA renal SPECT; and (b) patient girth should be considered instead of weight in developing new administration guidelines for pediatric patients.
Acute hypoxia reduces exogenous glucose oxidation, glucose turnover, and metabolic clearance rate during steady-state aerobic exercise.

Abstract Background Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation is lower during steady-state aerobic exercise in native lowlanders sojourning at high altitude (HA) compared to sea level (SL). However, the underlying mechanism contributing to reduction in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during steady-state aerobic exercise performed at HA has not been explored. Objective To determine if alterations in glucose rate of appearance (Ra), disappearance (Rd) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) at HA provide a mechanism for explaining the observation of lower exogenous carbohydrate oxidation compared to during metabolically-matched, steady-state exercise at SL. Methods Using a randomized, crossover design, native lowlanders (n = 8 males, mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 2 yr, body mass: 87 ± 10 kg, and VO2peak: SL 4.3 ± 0.2 L/min and HA 2.9 ± 0.2 L/min) consumed 145 g (1.8 g/min) of glucose while performing 80-min of metabolically-matched (SL: 1.66 ± 0.14 VO2 L/min 329 ± 28 kcal, HA: 1.59 ± 0.10 VO2 L/min, 320 ± 19 kcal) treadmill exercise in SL (757 mmHg) and HA (460 mmHg) conditions after a 5-h exposure. Substrate oxidation rates (g/min) and glucose turnover (mg/kg/min) during exercise were determined using indirect calorimetry and dual tracer technique (13C-glucose oral ingestion and [6,6-2H2]-glucose primed, continuous infusion). Results Total carbohydrate oxidation was higher (P Conclusion Novel results from this investigation suggest that reductions in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation at HA may be multifactorial; however, the apparent insensitivity of peripheral tissue to glucose uptake may be a primary determinate.