cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detecting recursive and nonrecursive filters using chaos

Filtering a chaotic signal through a recursive [or infinite impulse response (IIR)] filter has been shown to increase the dimension of chaos under certain conditions. Filtering with a nonrecursive [or finite impulse response (FIR)] filter should not increase dimension, but it has been shown that if the FIR filter has a long tail, measurements of actual signals may appear to show a dimension increase. I simulate IIR and FIR filters that correspond to naturally occurring resonant objects, and I show that using dimension measurements, I can distinguish the filter type. These measurements could be used to detect resonances using radar, sonar, or laser signals, or to determine if a resonance is due to an IIR or an FIR filter.
Acute and chronic effects of phenytoin on fixed-ratio performance of pigeons

Abstract The effects of phenytoin on the key-pecking of pigeons maintained under a fixed-ratio 50 schedule of food reinforcement were studied. When initially administered across a range of presession intervals, acute intramuscular injections of 10 and 20 mg/kg of the drug generally decreased response rates. The magnitude of this effect was greater at the larger dose. Comparison of the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg doses before and after chronic exposure to phenytoin showed that a degree of tolerance to the drug's behavioral effects did develop.
Determination of the shock-wave pressures generated by laser-induced breakdown in water

A pump-probe technique was used to measure the shock wave velocity generated by laser-induced optical breakdown in water. The transient shock pressure field was mapped using the measured shock velocities, together with the equation of state of water and the jump equations. We find that the calculated shock pressures near the breakdown region are in the kbar range and scale as hr2. Depending upon the energy of the laser pump pulse, typically 3 to 15 mJ, the shock wave dissipates within 300-500 1um.
Services for Child Maltreatment: Challenges for Research and Practice

Abstract With the shrinking funds for child welfare allocated primarily to investigation and foster care, prevention and treatment services for child maltreatment (CM) are increasingly nonexistent, inaccessible, or inappropriate. Prior research on help seeking and service utilization has given scant attention to maltreating and at-risk families, who pose special challenges for service delivery for several reasons: maltreating families often do not recognize the development of problems in the parenting relationship; even if problems are recognized, the stigma associated with child maltreatment makes families reluctant to seek help; and service pro viders and client families often have different beliefs about what services are needed. A review of the literature on help-seeking and service utilization among populations at risk, in light of the social context of child maltreatment, suggests that research to identify specific parental concerns is needed in order to link pre vention and treatment services to other services devised to meet clients' perceived needs. In addition, longitudinal research is needed to focus on the effects of social networks on the use of formal services and on the links between utilization of formal and informal services.
Insights on the Role of Antimicrobial Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes in Preventing Transtracheal Transmission of VAP Pathogens from an In Vitro Model of Microaspiration and Microbial Proliferation

We developed an in vitro model to evaluate the effect of different cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) on transtracheal transmission of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogens along external surfaces of ETTs. The model independently assessed the relative contributions of microbial proliferation to the distal tip and microaspiration of contaminated secretions past the cuff by testing in three modes: microaspiration only, microbial proliferation only, and simultaneous microaspiration and microbial proliferation. We evaluated transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in the presence of a standard ETT; a soft, tapered cuff ETT with subglottic suctioning; and a novel antimicrobial gendine (combination of gentian violet and chlorhexidine) ETT in the model. In the microaspiration only mode, when leakage past the cuff occurred quickly, no ETT prevented transmission. When microaspiration was delayed, the gendine ETT was able to completely disinfect the fluid above the cuff and thereby prevent transmission of pathogens. In microbial proliferation only mode, the gendine ETT was the sole ETT that prevented transmission. With both mechanisms simultaneously available, transmission was dependent on how long microaspiration was delayed. Potent antimicrobial ETTs, such as a gendine ETT, can make unique contributions to prevent VAP when microaspiration is gradual.
A program for determining primitive semiclassical eigenvalues for vibrating/rotating nonlinear triatomic molecules

Abstract This paper presents the theoretical details of the fast Fourier transform method for determining semiclassical eigenvalues in vibrating/rotating triatomic molecules. Much of this is concerned with transformations between space fixed Cartesian coordinates and momenta, normal coordinates and momenta and symmetric top rotational action/angle variables. Applications of the method to both rigid and vibrating H 2 O in both the ground and j = 3 rotational states are presented. Comparison with experiment indicates that errors of a few cm -1 are typical.
Antidepressant Usage in Schizophrenia

Depression in schizophrenic patients is common but often untreated. A review of seven recent studies reveals that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) can be effective when used in conjunction with neuroleptic medication after the acute psychotic phase has resolved, with only minimal risk of exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. TCAs were not found to be effective against anergy or the "negative symptoms" of schizophrenia, however. The simultaneous use of TCAs and neuroleptics can result in increased blood levels of each, as well as increased risk of anticholinergic side effects. Some promising work in the use of nontricyclic antidepressants in schizophrenia is described.
Competition, Cooperation, and Information Sharing in a Two-Echelon Assembly System

This paper studies a two-echelon assembly system and explores several important issues in managing decentralized supply chains. First, we investigate the behavior of the assembly system under decentralized control. It is shown that the Nash equilibrium of the competitive assembly system exists but is never system optimal. Next, we examine the role of information in the assembly system. We consider horizontal information sharing on the inventory status between the suppliers and demonstrate when information is valuable from the perspectives of the system and the individual player. We find that information sharing mitigates the system's competition penalty in some cases, but there are also instances in which information sharing can hurt a decentralized system. Although the manufacturer always prefers information sharing, it is sometimes in the interest of the suppliers to refuse to share information. Finally, we propose a demand-independent coordination scheme for managing decentralized supply chains with either a serial or an assembly structure. The coordination scheme has practical value because very often the firm's head (or the owner of the supply chain) does not have the accurate demand information that the local managers have. Alternatively, the demand varies over time, and the coordination contracts have to be modified. Under the transfer payment contract, the system optimal policy is the unique Nash equilibrium in the decentralized supply chain. Discussion on the relationship between our coordination scheme and existing methods in the literature is also provided.
Introducing information technology into the home: conducting a home assessment.

Abstract As the home becomes an increasingly important site for health care, an increasing number of technology applications or devices are being introduced to support health at home. However, introducing new technology into a household raises a number of issues that must be considered prior to, during, and after the technology is implemented. This paper reviews the experiences of the UW-Madison Advanced Technologies for Health@Home Project, summarizing our assessment of household requirements that should be analyzed prior to introducing new technology. The overall goal of the Health@Home project is to improve the functionality and content of information technology innovations for the home. Using Venkatesh and Mazumdar's framework this article will summarize the relevant social, behavioral, technological, and physical dimensions of households that must be carefully assessed and understood to help ensure that the technology fits the needs of home residents.
Completely positive linear maps on complex matrices

Abstract A linear map Φ from M n to M m is completely positive iff it admits an expression Φ(A)=Σ i V ∗ i AV i where Vi are n×m matrices.
Respect and Love in Romantic Relationships

Respect is conceptualized as one of the fundamental bases of most relationships, particularly close relationships. Respect in close, romantic relationships has been studied only recently (Frei & Shaver, 2002; Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006), and the current paper describes a study designed to build on notions of respect as deeply important in relationships. Some 314 college students participated in the study. Participants read a scenario about a dating couple, John and Linda, who were ostensibly in a psychology experiment during which they rated their respect for each other. John (or Linda) had rated self as having either ―extremely high respect‖ or ―moderately low respect‖ for the partner. Participants were asked to imagine that they were John (or Linda) and then rate the hypothetical partner on love attitudes, relationships satisfaction, commitment, and selfdisclosure. Participants also gave their own personal ratings of John (or Linda) on several trait adjectives. The design was a 2 (gender of participant) x 2 (John/Linda) x 2 (high/low respect) factorial experiment. The main effect for respect was significant for 15 of 18 total variables, with an extremely high versus moderately low respected partner garnering more favorable ratings in nearly every case. Respect thus appears to be an important part of the intrinsic meaning of a close, romantic relationship. Palabras clave: Secuencias, Respect, Love, Relationship satisfaction, Commitment, Self-disclosure.
Nitrogen dioxide vapor detection using poly-o-toluidine

We describe a flexible, lightweight, reversible NO2 vapor sensor based on resistance changes of a thin film of a doped conducting polymer, poly-o-toluidine, deposited on plastic substrates. Unlike the irreversible signals typically observed in organic films, signal reversibility in the concentration range 100–10 ppm is readily achieved using a short burst of UV irradiation at room temperature in ambient air without the aid of heating or pump down cycles. Interestingly, signal response is dependent on the organic solvent used to cast the polymer film with dipolar aprotic solvents yielding films showing a strong response. There are striking differences in electrical and electronic properties including morphology of films cast from different solvents. This phenomenon is traced to polymer chain conformation in solution that is preserved in the solid state (cast film) which opens a new structural vector to tailor sensor response and selectivity. This study also expands the use of conducting polymers for the detection of vapors that were previously believed to be chemically too aggressive.
QoS management in Web-based real-time data services

The demand for real-time data services has been increasing recently. Many e-commerce applications and web-based information services are becoming very sophisticated in their data needs. They span the spectrum from low level status data, e.g., stock prices, to high level aggregated data, e.g., recommended selling/buying point. In these applications, it is desired to process user requests within their deadlines using fresh data, which reflect the current market status. Current web-based data services are poor at processing user requests in a timely manner using fresh data. To address this problem, we present a framework for guaranteed real-time data services in unpredictable environments. We also introduce a possible application of our approach in the distributed environment.
School-Based Consultation: Training Challenges, Solutions and Building Cultural Competence

ABSTRACTThis is a consensual qualitative research study of the perceptions of university faculty about methods and tools to teach students the professional competency area of school-based psychological consultation, with special attention to cultural competence. The participants (n = 7) included faculty of school psychology programs located in the Northeast, South, Midwest, and Mountain regions of the United States. Participants were from programs serving urban, suburban, and rural settings and represented a wide range of consultation backgrounds, experiences, and theoretical orientation. The analysis revealed three major themes: general coverage of the consultation skills and content, university tension with school setting needs, and specific hurdles and solutions to diversity training. This study also provided ideas on how trainers might overcome some of the barriers to addressing diversity.
Response of spherical diffusion flames subjected to rotation: Microgravity experimentation and computational simulation

Abstract Microgravity experiments were conducted in the 2.2-s drop tower and zero-gravity facility at NASA-GRC to gain fundamental understanding of the effects of spinning on an otherwise spherical diffusion flame. The flames were generated by injecting either a fuel or an oxidizer mixture from a porous burner to a controlled ambient of either an oxidizer or fuel mixture, respectively. Results show that the polar flame location scales with the angular velocity monotonically as ω a , where a is greater and smaller than unity for small and large spinning velocities, respectively. On the contrary, the equatorial flame location responds nonmonotonically to increasing spinning velocity: first increasing and then decreasing. The experimental observations agree well with the computational simulation where the simulated results demonstrate that the nonmonotonic response of the equatorial flame location is caused by dilution of the reactant concentration in the outwardly-directed radial flow by the product and inert that are carried by the inwardly-directed polar flow upon traversing the flame segment in the polar region.
African dust is an unlikely source of Aspergillus sydowii, the causative agent of sea fan disease

Infection of sea fans by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus sydowii is one of the most wide- spread coral diseases in the Caribbean. The source of this normally terrestrial fungus in marine ecosystems is perplexing, but of interest to coral conservationists, since tracking sources of pathogens provides one of the few avenues to limit pathogen spread. Hypothesized inputs of A. sydowii include terrestrial deposits, marine sources, and African dust. Windborne dust from Africa amounts to nearly 1 × 10 9 t yr -1 , much of which is deposited over the Caribbean region. Several studies have examined the microbiota of African dust and detected the presence of Aspergillus spp., although identifications were only to the genus level. I used specific culture conditions to determine whether this coral pathogen is present in 4 samples of airborne dust from the Caribbean and Africa, and 3 sediment samples from Africa and the Cape Verde Islands (eastern Atlantic). A diversity of fungi were found, including 7 species of Aspergillus and related taxa. However, none of the samples contained A. sydowii. The lack of A. sydowii in airborne dust and sediment samples suggests that African dust is an unlikely source of the marine pathogen A. sydowii. Given the high richness of fungi observed, even under selective growth conditions, identification of potential pathogens to the species level is critical.
Abstract 2567: DIM regulates anoikis through sonic hedgehog in ovarian cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Ovarian cancer is the second leading gynecological cancer with poor prognosis. By the time of detection, it usually metastasizes to peritoneum or organs such as stomach and liver. Detachment of a cell from extracellular matrix (ECM) allows the cells to travel and lodge at metastatic site. Anoikis is an emerging form of cell death that is associated with the apoptosis of cells detached from ECM. Normal or immortal epithelial cells are sensitive to anoikis. However, carcinomas are generally associated with resistance to anoikis. Hence, induction of anoikis is an important step in preventing metastasis. We have recently shown that diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound present in cruciferous vegetables reduces the survival of ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the effect of DIM in inducing anoikis in ovarian cancer cells. A2780, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-429 cells were grown on low attachment plates and treated with various concentrations of DIM for 24 hours and analyzed. Our results show that DIM treatment resulted in the concentration-dependent anoikis in all the cell lines. For example, anoikis induction was approximately 50-70% in all the cell lines treated with 75µM DIM. Furthermore, Integrin Linked Kinase 1 (ILK-1), an important regulator of anoikis was significantly down-regulated by DIM treatment. Western blotting revealed cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP by DIM treatment, confirming anoikis induction in our model. Few recent studies showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is activated in ovarian tumors. Shh pathway is also associated with metastasis of various cancers. We therefore next determined whether Shh pathway was involved in anoikis induction by DIM. Our results demonstrated that DIM treatment reduced the expression of Shh and Gli1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Shh secretion as well was reduced by DIM treatment in ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, Shh pretreatment significantly inhibited DIM-induced anoikis in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of cells with Shh also reduced the cleavage of caspase-3 or PARP induced by DIM treatment indicating the involvement of Shh pathway in anoikis. Taken together, these results suggest that DIM induces anoikis in ovarian cancer cells by regulating sonic hedgehog signaling. Further in-depth mechanistic studies are in progress to establish anoikis induction by DIM and to validate it in an in vivo model. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA 1065953 and CA 129038 awarded to S.K.S by National Cancer Institute, NIH] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2567. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2567
DFT Study of the Monocyclic and Bicyclic Ring Geometries of C20

As C{sub 60} and its derivatives exhibit increasingly interesting materials properties, such as superconductivity and non-linear optical response, attention has also focused on the smallest carbon cluster to form the closed fullerene structure, C{sub 20}. The monocyclic and bicyclic ring geometries of C{sub 20} are optimized using both the local density functional approximation (LDA) and gradient-corrected density functional theory (BLYP). The energy of the bicyclic ring is found to be higher than that of the monocyclic ring in both LDA and BLYP calculations. The BLYP results confirm the previous single point calculation based on Hartree-Fock geometries, which is in favor of the monocyclic ring geometry, while the LDA results still favor the cage geometry. LDA frequencies of both ring geometries are also presented.
Childhood Obesity Prevention: Successful Community-Based Efforts:

One out of every three children is overweight. Obesity is linked to increased risks of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, liver disease, hypertension, and heart disease. As the numbers of children with chronic disease goes up, so will the strain on the U.S. health care system, including the cost of health care. The Ecological Model of Childhood Overweight allows one to consider how an individual child's weight is influenced by characteristics ranging from the individual to the society. This article focuses on community characteristics that interact with children's weight status. It reviews community-based programs and whether they are successfully slowing the rate of childhood obesity, including demonstrations of recipe preparation, community gardens, and school-based curricula. It concludes with suggestions for intervention efforts and funding priorities focusing on high-risk populations of low-income overweight women of childbearing years. Interventions that occur during preconception may be true primary...
The Work System Method for Understanding Information Systems and Information Systems Research

The work system method is a broadly applicable set of ideas that use the concept of “work system” as the focal point for understanding, analyzing, and improving systems in organizations, whether or not IT is involved. The premises underlying this method may be controversial in the IS community because they imply that the traditional jargon and concerns of IS practitioners and researchers address only part of the issues that should be covered and may discourage focusing on other core issues related to successful projects and systems. The work system method includes both a static view of a current (or proposed) system in operation and a dynamic view of how a system evolves over time through planned change and unplanned adaptations. The static view is based on the “work system framework,” which identifies the basic elements for understanding and evaluating a work system. This framework is prescriptive enough to be useful in describing the system being studied, identifying problems and opportunities, describing possible changes, and tracing the likely impacts as those changes propagate to other parts of the system. The dynamic view is based on the “work system life cycle model,” which shows how a work system may evolve through multiple iterations of four phases. The static and dynamic views are used together in a principle-based systems analysis method that treats the information system as part of the work system until a final step when it distinguishes between work system changes that do and do not involve the information system.
Transaction Rate Limiters for Peer-to-Peer Systems

We introduce transaction rate limiters, new mechanisms that limit (probabilistically) the maximum number of transactions a user of a peer-to-peer system can do in any given period. They can be used to limit the consumption of selfish users and the damage done by malicious users. They complement reputation systems, solving the traitor problem. We give simple distributed algorithms that work over time frames as short as seconds and are very robust: they use no trusted servers and continue to work even when attacked by a large fraction of users colluding. Our algorithms are based on a new primitive we have devised, probably-anonymous queries, which guarantees anonymity with a specified probability.
An Entrance to Exit Polling: Strategies for Using Exit Polls as Experiential Learning Projects.

Engaging students in the design, administration, and postelection analysis of an exit poll can be an excellent experiential learning activity. Lelieveldt and Rossen (2009) argue that exit polls are a “perfect teaching tool” because they provide students with a cooperative (rather than competitive) learning experience; help students better connect theory, methodology, and course substance; and allow students to move outside of the classroom by branching out into the community. As professors at the University of Colorado, Denver (UCD), we have organized student exit polling during the 2008 and 2010 elections in the Denver area for research methods and elections classes. Although we have found these exit polls to be rewarding experiences for instructors and students alike, the reality is that conducting an exit poll with a group of polling neophytes, in the confines of a single semester, can be challenging. In this article, we discuss strategies and issues for instructors to consider when using an exit poll as an experiential learning exercise.
Broad-Scale Monitoring of Live Fuel Moisture

Remote sensing has as a spaceborne informant about Earth system processes become the technology of choice for monitoring the status of fuels and fire at local through global scales. This study reviews techniques and presents an application of remote sensing for monitoring live fuel moistures at broad spatial scales. The text recalls the roots of biophysical remote sensing, reviewing how early work about the spectral behavior of vegetation offered insights that promoted remote sensing as a fire knowledge source. Time-series data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are used to map relative live fuel moisture stress for the continental USA. Results of fuel moisture maps produced from the AVHRR protocols compare favorably with those derived from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus.
Interval-Based Nearest Neighbor Queries over Sliding Windows from Trajectory Data

This paper proposes a new type of query for moving object trajectories -- Continuous Interval-based Nearest Neighbor (CINN) Query. We clearly define the CINN in the context of streaming trajectory data. To efficiently process CINN queries, we first propose a spatial hashing algorithm (SH). Then we show theta new temporal hashing algorithm (TH) using speed constraints can save substantial computation cost. To reduce memory cost, we further propose the temporal hashing with dropping optimization (THwD) algorithm. Extensive experiment results on large trajectory datasets show that CINN queries can be effectively answered using our proposed algorithms. With realistic speed constraints, the TH optimization can save the computation time by nearly an order of magnitude compared with the BF algorithm, and by 5 times compared with the SH algorithm. The THwD algorithm can further save the memory space by nearly an order of magnitude.
Biodegradable polymer scaffolds to regenerate organs

The problem of donor scarcity precludes the widespread utilization of whole organ transplantation as a therapy to treat many diseases for which there is often no alternative treatment. Cell transplantation using biodegradable polymer scaffolds offers the possibility to create completely natural new tissue and replace organ function. Tissue inducing biodegradable polymers can also be utilized to regenerate certain tissues and without the need for in vitro cell culture. Biocompatible, biodegradable polymers play an important role in organ regeneration as temporary substrates to transplanted cells which allow cell attachment, growth, and retention of differentiated function. Novel processing techniques have been developed to manufacture reproducibly scaffolds with high porosities for cell seeding and large surface areas for cell attachment. These scaffolds have been used to demonstrate the feasibility of regenerating several organs.
Expression of zebrafish connexin43.4 in the notochord and tail bud of wild-type and mutant no tail embryos.

Abstract Communication via gap junctions provides a mechanism for the cell–cell transfer and coordination of developmental signals. The spatial restriction of gap junctions may also serve to organize cells into domains of coordinated behavior. To investigate the role of gap junctions during embryogenesis, we have characterized the expression of a member of the gap junction gene family, zebrafishconnexin43.4,a homolog ofconnexin45in chicken and mammals. Expression ofconnexin43.4was induced in the early gastrula, coincident with the first definitive assignments of axial cell fate and the onset of the cell movements comprising convergence and extension in zebrafish.In situhybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that during gastrulationconnexin43.4mRNA and protein were progressively enriched in the germ ring and in the notochord primordia on the dorsal side of the embryo. Later in developmentconnexin43.4expression was detected in the notochord, the paraxial mesoderm, and the tail bud but was not observed after the differentiation of these tissues. Inno tailmutant embryos which are defective in tail formation and proper morphogenesis of the notochord,connexin43.4expression was absent during gastrulation from the caudal embryonic shield and notochord primordia. During somite stages inno tailembryos,connexin43.4expression remained absent in the notochordal precursor cells and was lost in the tail bud. Thus, theno tailgene product, a transcription factor, was required for the expression ofconnexin43.4in both the notochord and tail bud during morphogenesis. By microinjection of mRNA coding for a connexin43.4/green fluorescent protein fusion in the 1-cell zebrafish embryo, we showed that connexin43.4 is capable of assembling into structures reminiscent of gap junctions. The progressively restricted, developmental expression of the zebrafishconnexin43.4gene suggests that this gap junctional protein participates in the coordination of gastrulation and the formation of the notochord and tail.
Phylogeny of immunoglobulins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the phylogeny of immunoglobulins. The chapter offers a definitive review of the immunoglobulins of various species. The chapter provides the phylogenetic tree based data that are used as a perspective for the understanding of the development and present structure of the complex immunoglobulin systems of man and other vertebrate species. The evolutionary relationships among a series of structurally similar proteins such as the immunoglobulins can be approached in two ways. The structure of the different proteins can be compared within a single, higher vertebrate species can be studied in the form of a horizontal study. Alternatively, the structure of homologous proteins that are present in animals' representative of the major taxonomic groupings can be studied as a vertical study. Taken together, information regarding the degree of relatedness as well as the order of evolution of the different proteins should be obtainable. Both these approaches are successfully being used at present in the study of immunoglobulin evolution.
Receptivity of Hypersonic Boundary Layers Due to Acoustic Disturbances over Blunt Cone

The transition process induced by the interaction of acoustic disturbances in the free-stream with boundary layers over a 5-degree straight cone and a wedge with blunt tips is numerically investigated at a free-stream Mach number of 6.0. To compute the shock and the interaction of shock with the instability waves the Navier-Stokes equations are solved in axisymmetric coordinates. The governing equations are solved using the 5th -order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for space discretization and using third-order total-variation-diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta scheme for time integration. After the mean flow field is computed, acoustic disturbances are introduced at the outer boundary of the computational domain and unsteady simulations are performed. Generation and evolution of instability waves and the receptivity of boundary layer to slow and fast acoustic waves are investigated. The mean flow data are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the instability waves are generated near the leading edge and the non-parallel effects are stronger near the nose region for the flow over the cone than that over a wedge. It is also found that the boundary layer is much more receptive to slow acoustic wave (by almost a factor of 67) as compared to the fast wave.
Bacteriophage Therapy: II. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effect of Bacteriophage and of Antivirus in Experimental Infections of the Eye

Having failed to detect any therapeutic effect of the bacteriophage in the treatment of staphylococcus skin infection in experimentally infected animals,1 we tried to find some other method of producing a local infection which would permit accurate observation of the lesion. The somewhat related experiments of Carrere2 appeared to offer such an opportunity. This author investigated the prophylactic value of vaccination with Besredka's antivirus in experimental eye infections of rabbits and guinea pigs, and found it possible to protect the cornea or the anterior chamber of experimental animals by instillation of specific antivirus into the conjunctival sac, or by injection into the anterior chamber respectively, 24 to 48 hours prior to the injection of the infecting organism. This protection was specific and limited to the treated eye. In view of these results we decided to use his technic for the evaluation of both the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of bacteriophage, and incidentally repeat the experiments of Carrere with respect to the efficacy of the antivirus in this connection.
P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments.

Introduction Voltage-gated calcium-channel autoimmunity (VGCC-P/Q and VGCC-N types) occurs beyond Lambert–Eaton syndrome and lung cancer. Methods We reviewed records for 236 Mayo Clinic patients with VGCC antibodies found in evaluation for paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity (generally without myasthenic syndromes). Results VGCC autoantibodies were detected in 3.4% of neurological patients, 1.7% of healthy controls, and 4% of neurologically asymptomatic lung cancer controls. Fifty neurological patients (21%) had ≥ 1 neoplasm, historically (46) or detected prospectively [small-cell lung carcinoma (2), breast adenocarcinoma (2), lymphoma (1), and suspected tonsillar carcinoma (1)]. Autoimmune neurological diagnosis frequencies (encephalopathy, ataxia, myelopathy, neuropathy, neuromuscular junction disorder, and myopathy) among patients with medium values (24%; 0.10–0.99 nmol/L) or low values (19%; 0.03–0.10 nmol/L) were fewer than among patients with antibody values exceeding 1.00 nmol/L (71%; P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Among neuronal VGCC-autoantibody–seropositive patients, autoimmune neurological phenotypes and cancer types are diverse. Cautious interpretation of results (particularly medium and low values) is advised. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 220–227, 2016
254 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 8 AND 9 ACTIVITY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LUNG INJURY.

Introduction/Purpose Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 have been implicated in acute lung injury (ALI) in adults. Little is known about their role in pediatric ALI, particularly as the disease progresses from the acute, exudative phase to the chronic fibroproliferative phase. Methods Lower airway secretions from 26 pediatric patients (age Results Notable differences were seen in MMP-8 and MMP-9 expression profiles and regulation. Pooled samples from the first 10 days of ALI demonstrated up-regulation of MMP-8 (ALI 67 ± 24 ng/mg; 3.7-fold increase over control), and MMP-9 (ALI 599 ± 117 ng/mg; 2.6-fold increase over control), with MMP-9 activity exceeding MMP-8 (p Conclusion Our data suggest that in pediatric ALI, MMP-8 activity increases whereas MMP-9 activity decreases with disease progression. Determining whether this shifting MMP profile can be used as a marker for protracted respiratory failure or the development of the fibroproliferative stage in the pediatric population warrants further examination.
The Potential of High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in the Pathologic Analysis of Resected Breast and Lymph Tissue.

Pathologic evaluation of breast specimens requires a fixation and staining procedure of at least 12 hours duration, delaying diagnosis and post-operative planning. Here we introduce an MRI technique with a custom-designed radiofrequency resonator for imaging breast and lymph tissue with sufficient spatial resolution and speed to guide pathologic interpretation and offer value in clinical decision making. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to image breast and lymphatic tissue using 7.0 Tesla MRI, achieving a spatial resolution of 59 × 59 × 94 μm3 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 15–20, in an imaging time of 56 to 70 minutes. These are the first MR images to reveal characteristic pathologic features of both benign and malignant breast and lymph tissue, some of which were discernible by blinded pathologists who had no prior training in high resolution MRI interpretation.
Border Security: The Role of RIPK3 in Epithelium Homeostasis.

Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a crucial inducer of necroptosis. Its activity is controlled by interaction with other signal adaptors through the “RIP homotypic interaction motif’ (RHIM). Recent studies revealed a critical function for RIPK3 in the maintenance of epithelial tissue integrity. In mice with genetic deficiency of the apoptosis adaptors FADD or caspase 8, RIPK3 promotes necroptotic cell death of epithelial cells, leading to excessive and lethal inflammation. In contrast, when FADD and caspase 8 functions are intact, RIPK3 serves as a protector of intestinal epithelial integrity by promoting injury-induced wound repair. In the latter case, RIPK3 promotes optimal cytokine expression by cells of hematopoietic origin. Specifically, bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) have an obligate requirement for RIPK3 for optimal secretion of mature IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines in response to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. RIPK3 promotes cytokine expression through two complementary mechanisms: NF-κΒ dependent gene transcription and processing of pro-IL-1β. We propose that RIPK3 functions in different cell compartments to mediate inflammation through distinct mechanisms.
Improved method for locating faults upstream from distributed generation

This paper discusses the effect of distributed generation (DG) on fault location estimates when a fault occurs upstream from the DG. It is shown that the remote infeed from the DG affects the apparent impedance calculated from the substation and thus decreasing the fault location accuracy. This paper first evaluates the effects of the DG fault current contribution in the calculation of the apparent impedance. In addition to the evaluation, a method is proposed to improve the fault location estimates with the presence of the DG current infeed. Measurements taken at the DG terminal are used in addition to measurements taken at the utility substation to improve the fault location estimates. The method includes synchronizing both the substation and the DG terminal measurements, detecting the relative location of the fault with respect to the DG, and estimating load impedance and point of interconnection (POI) phasors. The approach is evaluated using simulated fault data acquired from time-domain modeling of a distribution system with the DG. The location estimates are shown to be accurate with an error of less than 2%.
Chapter 7 – Short Cut Methods

In this chapter simple methods and formulas for calculating two-dimensional turbulent flows are discussed. These methods, here called “short-cut” methods, do not have the accuracy of the differential boundary-layer methods. Furthermore, they are restricted to simple two-dimensional flows with restricted boundary conditions. Their chief advantage and usefulness lies in their simplicity; unlike differential boundary-layer and Navier-Stokes methods they either do not require computers or only small computers. They can easily be used in many practical engineering problems. A description of short-cut methods for incompressible and compressible flows with zero-pressure gradient on rough and smooth flat plates is given and then continues with a discussion of integral methods for flows with pressure gradient. The chapter concludes by considering the prediction of flow separation in two-dimensional incompressible flows and the calculation of several free shear flows based on similarity concepts. An appendix gives gamma, beta and incomplete beta functions.
Dielectric relaxation of molecules enclathrated in ice

The ice clathrates or clathrate hydrates, with one or two exceptions, consist of two structurally-distinct kinds of ice built of mutually hydrogen-bonded water molecules in such a way as to enclose voids of more or less spherical shape and large enough to contain guest molecules ranging up to CCl 4 in size. They are the subject of an immense literature which goes back at least to Humphrey Davy's 1810 report of a hydrate of chlorine. The clathrate nature of the “gas hydrates” was established about 20 years ago by x-ray studies, principally those of von stackelberg. They differ from other known clathrate systems, inter alia, in the degree of sphericity of the cages and in the variety of encagable molecules. Almost 70 molecular species are known to form stable clathrate hydrates. A general review of the subject to mid-1971 has recently been published.1
Primary Care-Mental Health Integration in the VA Health System: Associations Between Provider Staffing and Quality of Depression Care.

Objectives:The study examined whether staffing of Primary Care–Mental Health Integration (PCMHI) services in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health system is related to quality of depression care.Methods:Site surveys and administrative data from 349 VA facilities for fiscal year 2013 were used to calculate PCMHI staffing (full-time equivalents) per 10,000 primary care patients and discipline-specific staffing proportions for PCMHI psychologists, social workers, nurses, and psychiatric medication prescribers. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted at the facility level and assessed associations between PCMHI staffing ratios and the following indicators of depression treatment in the three months following a new episode of depression: any antidepressant receipt, adequacy of antidepressant receipt, any psychotherapy receipt, and psychotherapy engagement (three or more visits).Results:Higher facility PCMHI staffing ratios were associated with a greater percentage of patients who received any...
RNA-seq based transcriptome profiling of human and mouse dorsal root ganglion reveals a potential role for Protease Activated Receptor 3 (PAR3) in pain processing

The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contains sensory neurons that innervate the surface of the body and many visceral organs. Included amongst these neurons are nociceptors, specialized neurons that det...
Native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity as mediators of an exotic grass invasion.

Given that many exotic plant species throughout the world are having large ecological and economic effects, it is vital to understand the forces that mediate their success in novel landscapes. Both native herbivores and recipient ecosystems can have substantial effects on the performance of exotic plant species, and may interact with each other or vary in their effects over time. Unfortunately, few studies have evaluated the importance of these kinds of context-dependent effects. Here, we use a 17-year-old exclosure experiment stratified across a coastal grassland in northern California to address the relative importance of a reintroduced mammalian herbivore, tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes), and environmental heterogeneity in mediating the growth, abundance, and recruitment of a problematic grass invader, Holcus lanatus. We found that elk reduced Holcus abundance, aboveground biomass, percent cover, frequency, and seedling recruitment, but that these effects often varied among habitat types, with effects being greater in open grasslands than shrub-dominated grasslands. The performance of Holcus populations also varied significantly among habitat types, with the invader usually having the greatest success in Baccharis-dominated grasslands. Our results suggest that environmental heterogeneity had much greater influence on Holcus success than elk, and that these effects were due largely to soil pH and moisture. The negative effects of elk on Holcus appeared after 4 years and did not intensify after an additional 13 years. Furthermore, despite their negative effects, these prominent herbivores did not prevent the spread of Holcus into previously uninvaded areas. Our research highlights the importance of assessing the individual and interactive effects of native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity on the success of invasive, exotic plant species. It emphasizes the reality that the negative effects of herbivores on exotic plant species will often vary across heterogeneous landscapes and may be insufficient to prevent the expansion of these invaders.
Network Structure and Market Risk in the European Equity Market

This paper proposes a methodology to anticipate market risk using qualitative and quantitative variables that capture communicative and financial activity within equity networks. During periods of crisis as market risk increases, companies tend to behave alike, and the number of news and common topics among companies increases. A corporate news network is built where the nodes are top European companies, and the edges are the number of news items on the same topic by every pair of companies identified by the topic model methodology. A longitudinal analysis was conducted using a time series of static social networks to generate a dynamic social network and proposed the component causality index as a leading indicator of market risk. This research finds out that the component causality index, based on centrality indicators, anticipates, or moves together with value-at-risk during the period 2005–2011.
High temperature nmr studies of bromine and iodine chemical shifts in alkali bromides and iodides and in thallium bromide

Abstract The Br-81 and 1–127 chemical shifts of the alkali halides and of TlBr were studied as a function of temperature. The room temperature results are in close agreement with previous workers, and more information is deduced. A consistent explanation can be obtained by assuming Kondo-Yamashita's (K-Y) overlap model with due consideration of next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions between halide ions. The possibility of a slight covalent effect in the heavy metal end of the alkali halides is discussed. The effect of covalency is manifested by TlBr, whose measurements can be successfully explained by the covalent model of Yosida-Moriya (Y-M). A correct way of averaging the effect of thermal vibronic motion on chemical shift in the K-Y overlap model is formulated, and a general formula is derived for the temperature variation of chemical shift. For the alkali halides, the thermal dilation of the lattice together with the thermal-vibration-induced enhancement of overlap account for the downfield shift with increasing temperature. The results are analyzed quantitatively, and a physically meaningful factor F has been calculated to indicate the selective degree of importance of NN interactions. As for TlBr, similar explanations for the observed results are deduced in the light of the Y-M covalent model. NNN is important to account for the difference in sign of the chemical shifts at the transition temperature from solid to molten states of TlBr as observed.
Pedro Calderón, Tan largo me lo fiáis. Edición crítica, con introducción, texto, anotaciones y epílogo por Xavier Fernández. Revista "Estudios", Madrid, 1967; xliv + 231 pp.

Se reseno el libro: Tan largo me lo fiais. Edicion critica, con introduccion, texto, anotaciones y epilogo por Xavier Fernandez.