cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control and Simulation of a Multi-Role Morphing Micro Air Vehicle

The practical application of UAV technology will be dependent on how well the aircraft can perform a wide range of missions. Morphing aircraft are of particular interest because the shape change can achieve a range of performance and dynamic characteristics beyond the capability of conventional aircraft. However, a significant challenge exists in the control and stabilization of such a vehicle, where the plant model is expected to change considerably throughout the flight. The approach in the current study is based on an aircraft which achieves a 2-DOF, biologically-inspired wing morphing. The morphing allows the wings to be reconfigured to achieve a set of desired dynamics. This reconfiguration is computed in the control design process by finding the morphing condition which minimizes the differences relative to the desired dynamics for a certain flight condition. H∞ model-following controllers are computed to match the output of the plant model to the desired mission dynamics, which include cruise, maneuvering, steep descent, and sensor-pointing. Simulation results are presented for each mission.
Development and evaluation of polyol PEA as filtration reducer for drilling fluid

A new polyol product PEA was developed to be used as filtration reducer for drilling fluid. The best condition for PEA synthesis from glycerine and epichlorohydrin (ECH) was introduced, that is, the ratio of ECH to glycerine and alkali to ECH is 1.0∶1.0 and 1.2∶1.0, respectively, the solvent is propanone and the catalyst is aluminum chloride. Effect of polyol PEC on filtration reduction in fresh water drilling fluid, salt-water (4 wt %) drilling fluid and MMH positive colloid from the field-drilling fluid was evaluated, respectively. Test results demonstrate that PEA could be used as a filtra- tion reducer in water-base drilling fluid, and the reduction is more evident in salt-water (4 wt %) drilling fluid than that in fresh water drilling fluid. When the dose of PEA in fresh water is more than 40. 0 g/L, the filtration reduction rate is more than 84%, the apparent viscosity is slightly higher and the mudcake quality is improved. With the same dose in salt-water (4 wt%)drilling fluid, the filtration reduction rate is more than 89. 1%, the apparent viscosity is somewhat higher, but less than that in fresh-water drilling fluid. What's more, when used in fresh water drilling fluid, PEA is an excellent filtration reducer even at high pressure and high temperature (120 ℃). Also, PEA exhibits good compatibility with other additives in MMH positive colloid drilling fluid.
Epidemiological analysis of rabies in Panyu District of Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2011

Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of rabies among the outpatient exposure population in Panyu District of Guangzhou City,in order to provide a basis for the development of scientific and effective rabies prevention strategy.Methods An epidemiological analysis was carried out among the rabies exposed population who received diagnosis and treatment in the rabies prevention outpatient department in Panyu District of Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2011.Results In the 4 years,a total of 43 616 people were reported for rabies exposure,which was highly sporadic and relatively intensive in July and August;among the exposed population,14 to 44 years old people were the majority;the exposure level in surrounding streets and towns was lower than that in central city;the main at tacking animal was domestic dog,accounting for 71.98%;the main wounded part was the lower limb,accounting for 48.24%.Conclusion The main exposure factor for the rabies exposed population in Panyu District is dog.In order to reduce the exposure level of rabies and control the occurrence of rabies,the management of dogs should be strength ened,especially domestic dogs,the popularity of rabies prevention-related knowledge should be enhanced,and the self protection awareness and protection measures should be improved.
Effect of Molybdenum and Sulfur Feeding on the Acute Phase Protein Response to Inflammatory Challenge in Beef Heifers11Contribution No. R-08557 from the Florida Agriculture Experiment Station.

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of Mo and S feeding, following inflammatory challenge in beef heifers. Twelve Braford heifers (average initial BW = 395 kg) were allocated randomly to one of two prestudy dietary treatments (depletion phase; 90 d). Treatments consisted of a daily supplement of 454 g of ground corn fortified with 0.7 g of sodium molybdate and 18.5 g of S (low-Cu; n = 6) or 454 g of ground corn alone (control; n = 6). All heifers received 57 g/d of a complete saltbased mineral devoid of supplement Cu. Following depletion, low-Cu heifers had lower (P<0.001) liver Cu concentrations compared to control (62 vs 344 ppm DM; SEM = 12.2 ppm). Following Cu depletion, heifers were moved into individual pens (114 m2) and offered access to freechoice, long-stem limpograss hay. To induce an inflammatory response, all heifers received a single subcutaneous injection (3 mL) of adjuvant (d 0). Blood samples were collected by jugular venapuncture on d 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, and 21. Plasma was harvested from blood at each collection and analyzed for concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, alpha-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin. Blood concentration of each acute-phase protein increased following adjuvant challenge. Plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were less (P<0.001) and fibrinogen concentrations greater (P<0.001) in low-Cu than control heifers following challenge. Alpha-acid glycoprotein concentrations were less (P<0.01) in low-Cu than control heifers. Haptoglobin concentrations were not affected (P=0.21) by Cu status. These results indicate that the Cu status of beef heifers is directly linked to concentrations of acute-phase proteins both prior to and during a response to inflammatory challenge.
Differential Diurnal Carbon Exchange and Photoinhibition in a psbA Plastid Gene Chronomutant of Brassica napus

S-triazine resistance (R) in higher plants was discovered in 1970 (1). Subsequent studies have led many to conclude that R mutants are inherently photosynthetically inferior to the susceptible (S) wild type (2). Previous work in our laboratory indicated a consistant, differential, pattern of variable chlorophyll fluorescence (FT) between S and R over the course of a diel, i.e. R is a chronomutant (3). What remains unknown is the relationship of this differential pattern to terminal fluorescence and changes in carbon fixation during the diurnal. Therefore, we hypothesized that the mutation to the psbA plastid gene that confers s-triazine resistance also results in an altered diurnal pattern of photosynthetic carbon reduction relative to that of the susceptible biotype. We present data that supports this hypothesis.
Association of ICAM-1 with the cytoskeleton in rat alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1) is a transmembrane adhesion protein that is expressed constitutively on the apical surface of type I cells in vivo and on type II cells in vitro as they spread in culture, assuming type I cell-like characteristics. To investigate the possible interaction of ICAM-1 with the alveolar epithelial cell cytoskeleton, rat type II cells in primary culture were extracted with nonionic detergent, and residual ICAM-1 associated with the cytoskeletal remnants was determined using immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoprecipitation, and cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A large fraction of alveolar epithelial cell ICAM-1 remained associated with the cytoskeleton after detergent extraction, whereas two other transmembrane molecules, transferrin receptor and class II major histocompatibility complex, were completely removed. ICAM-1 was redistributed on the cell surface after the disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin B, suggesting interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, ICAM-1 was completely detergent soluble in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and rat alveolar macrophages. The association of ICAM-1 with the alveolar epithelial cell cytoskeleton was not altered after stimulation with inflammatory cytokines. However, detergent resistant ICAM-1 was significantly increased after crosslinking of ICAM-1 on the cell surface, suggesting that this cytoskeletal association may be modulated by interactions of alveolar epithelial cells with inflammatory cells. The association of ICAM-1 with the cytoskeleton in alveolar epithelial cells may provide a fixed intermediary between mobile inflammatory cells and the alveolar surface.
Delineating research forums for business and management education scholars: The business and management education influence index

ABSTRACTThe authors used bibliometric analysis to create indices for both the percentage of articles a journal publishes on business and management education (BME) research and the relative scholarly impact an article is likely to have after being published in that journal. They envision that the dissemination of these indices will be helpful for scholars considering work in BME research because the indices save prospective scholars considerable time in determining the range and desirability of outlets in which their work might be published.
Computational Studies of Thermal Transport Properties of Carbon Nanotube Materials

Computer modeling is playing an increasingly important role in investigations of the thermal transfer properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. The complex and inherently multiscale nature of the structural organization of the CNT network materials necessitates combination of atomistic and mesoscopic simulation techniques which provide complementary information on different aspects of the heat transfer in CNT materials and facilitate the development of theoretical models describing the general structure—thermal transport relationships. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the results of atomistic simulation studies of the intrinsic thermal conductivity of individual CNTs and inter-tube contact conductance, discuss the emerging mesoscopic computational approaches to the calculation of the effective thermal conductivity of CNT materials, and highlight the importance of combining the results obtained with different computational methods and dealing with processes occurring at different time and length scales. A number of research questions that have been subjects of contradictory claims and controversial discussion in literature are critically reviewed and promising future research directions are suggested.
Trade Balance Patterns as Global General Equilibrium: The Seventeenth Approach to the Balance of Payments

It is to economic writers in the eighteenth century that we credit the first explicit statements of the international balance-of-payments adjustment mechanism. It was no small achievement for Isaac Gervaise, Richard Cantillon and David Hume to integrate three distinct dynamic processes: 1) the effect of the balance of payments on the money supply; 2) the effect of changes in the money supply on expenditure or prices; and 3) the effect of changes in expenditure on the balance of payments. Earlier writers had anticipated certain features of the mechanism but not put everything together. The three equations, implicit in the early literature, are fundamental to an understanding of the adjustment process and, starting from the 1960s, have been the subject of numerous mathematical formulations.
Counting the Costs: Scientific Uncertainty and Valuation Perspective in EXMOD

The computer model, EXMOD, quantifies externalities associated with electric generating facilities using the damage function approach. EXMOD uses data for facilities sited in New York State and for impacts in the northeastern U.S. and Canada. EXMOD is able to address some of the limitations and uncertainties inherent in the damage function approach by providing the user with access to the model’s fundamental assumptions used to calculate physical impacts and the monetary estimates of those impacts. In this paper, a set of alternative default facility, impact, and valuation assumptions has been developed. The effect of these alternative assumptions on the external costs computed by EXMOD has been tested in a case study of a coal plant situated near New York City. Results show that central estimates of the external costs are about 7 mills per kWh for a new facility with EXMOD’s default assumptions, and about 70 mills per kWh for an existing facility using alternative impact and valuation assumptions. Because of its strengths and flexibility, if carefully applied and interpreted, EXMOD can be a valuable tool in electricity resource assessment and policy, complementing other tools and approaches, in a wide range of contexts and locations.
SAFETY OF SAME DAY DISCHARGE FOLLOWING PCI FOR NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

Background: Historically, patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain hospitalized for observation overnight. However, with transradial approach, patients may be discharged during the day of procedure, although data supporting its safety is lacking. Methods: We analyzed data
Predicting Ambiguity: Costs, Benefits, and Party Competition

We present a formal model of party competition to explain differences in party ideological ambiguity. Existing works generally argue that parties are more or less ambiguous depending on whether the...
How Can Knowledge Leakage be Stopped: A Socio-Technical System Design Approach to Risk Management

This article discusses how leakage of knowledge can occur in value creation networks embedded in knowledge-intensive firms, and how a collaborative approach can be utilized to minimize risk and increase sustainability. For knowledge to be preserved from unintentional outflow, its confidential nature and description must be understood at all levels. Loss of knowledge can occur at any point; whether it is through the process of consultation or when employees do their work. Forfeiture of information can be unintended or a planned effort. To prevent such unintended leakage, it is important to develop a shared mindset among employees to minimize the risk. The socio-technical system design is a philosophical framework that enables companies to simultaneously consider both ethical and technical systems in order to best match the technology and the people involved. History has shown through a number of situations that firms that failed to comprehend new opportunities were often limited by stakeholders' thoughts and actions.
Paleoindians of Yellowstone Lake: Interpreting Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene hunter-gatherer land-use in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Over the last decade, numerous Paleoindian sites have been identified at Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, North America’s largest, high-elevation natural lake. This study presents results of University o...
Snake Consumption among Early Inhabitants of the River of Grass, South Florida, USA

The Everglades, or River of Grass, a vast open expanse of grassy marsh, was home to indigenous populations for several thousand years. In this paper, I examine zooarchaeological assemblages from two pre-Columbian sites within this ecosystem in subtropical south Florida. Both sites are black dirt middens located on tree islands in the eastern half of the Everglades. A flotation device with fine-gauge screens was used, resulting in a greater representation of smaller animal remains and, in turn, more complete and representative samples of the archaeological deposits. Of particular significance was the relatively large number of snake remains recovered at both sites. Snake vertebrae as well as cranial elements were identified, of which the latter would not have been recovered had coarser recovery techniques been used. Snakes constituted a significant portion of the faunal assemblages, contributing an estimated 20% to 25% of the edible meat weight represented. That substantial numbers of snake bones were recovered in midden contexts in association with other subsistence remains strongly indicates that such animals were intentionally procured, presumably for food, and were part of the diet of pre-Columbian Everglades people.
The Display Problem

A Gentzen calculus has the ‘display property’ if every antecedent [consequent] constituent can be displayed as the antecedent [consequent] standing alone. It is explained why this property is interesting. The ‘display problem’ is the problem of designing a calculus with the display property. A perspective is suggested from which the solution of Wansing [19] can easily be seen to be incomparable with that of [4]. The perspective suggests some other solutions, which are briefly surveyed. Additional questions are raised.
Communication in Preschool Autistic Children

Over the past decade, major advances have been made in understanding communication and social problems of young children with autism. This progress has resulted in a greater emphasis on specific communicative symptomatology in diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). Thus, communication characteristics in autism are now considered to be central to our understanding of the syndrome, and to assessment and treatment efforts. This increased emphasis on language and communication in both theory and practice has been fueled by a confluence of knowledge from a variety of orientations (Prizant & Wetherby, 1989). Whereas approaches to assessing and enhancing communication in the 1960s and 1970s relied primarily upon behavioral models of speech training (e.g., Lovaas, 1977; 1981), developmental and pragmatic approaches have had an increasing influence since the late 1970s. Earlier behavioral approaches demonstrated that children with autism can learn specific skills in vocal and motor imitation, word production, and word discrimination. However, true progress in social-communicative competence (i.e., development of spontaneous verbal and nonverbal communication) was often of limited interest to clinicians and researchers of a more traditional behavioral orientation (Bryen & Joyce, 1985; Prizant, 1982; Prizant & Wetherby, 1989), and thus was rarely measured and/or reported.
Geophysical Constraints on the Volume of Hydrothermal Flow at Ridge Axes

Hydrothermal circulation at the ridge axis removes heat from the oceanic crust more rapidly than would conduction alone. The top of the axial magma chamber is thus deeper and possibly wider than the theoretical shape computed from conductive thermal models. At 9°N on the East Pacific Rise seismic reflection indicates that the roof of the magma chamber is relatively flat, 2 km deep, and extends 4 km from the axis. This is about a kilometer deeper than predicted by a purely conductive model.
Art and Religion as Elementary Forms of Experience

Collingwood follows Plato and Vico in saying that there is a special affinity between art and childhood. Art is the natural form of experience of those who have had little experience, such as children and primitive peoples. Moreover, it is the matrix out of which all more sophisticated forms of experience develop.
The use of spectroscopy for textile fiber identification

Abstract: The use of spectroscopy for fiber analysis is widespread and ranges from simple identification of polymer type(s) to structural information. Colorants used on textiles, be they dyes or pigments, are also the subject of spectroscopic analysis. Of necessity, the spectroscopy of fibers and related materials is a broad and complicated topic. This chapter will be limited, therefore, to basic concepts, applications, and future improvements in some of the spectroscopic analysis of textile fibers.
Impulsively Controlled D.G.

An Examples I shall speak today about a new class of differential games. Let me begin with a discussion of a simple example involving only one player. Consider the owner of a roadside inn who has but a few regular customers. The bulk of his business must come from strangers, of whom many pass by on the road each day. The ability to attract new customers into the inn depends heavily on the appearance thereof, which we assume to be indexed by a number x between zero and 1.
What is the effect of lipophilic polymeric ionic liquids on friction and wear

Abstract In this work, methacrylate-type ionic liquid (IL) monomers containing a quaternary ammonium cation and two different counter-anions were synthesized and used as co-monomers to obtain functional poly(alkyl methacrylates) (PAMAs). They were then evaluated as friction and wear reducing additives for lubricants. The effect of molecular weight, polymer topology (random or diblock), and IL counter anion on friction and wear behavior of polymer PAO (poly-alpha olefin) solutions have been investigated. The results were compared to those of PAO solutions additized with a small molecule, non-polymeric ionic liquid, or non-ionic copolymers containing 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the polar comonomer. No clear correlation between polymer molecular weight and friction or wear behavior was observed. Random ionic liquid copolymers led to lower wear volumes than their block counterparts. Polymers containing dicyanamide (DCA) counter anion showed lower wear volume compared to those containing bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion. Surprisingly, none of the IL copolymers studied outperformed the DMAEMA containing block copolymer in terms of wear volume reduction, suggesting the IL moiety had no beneficial effect on wear.
Making when ends don't meet: Visibility of domestic labor during grassroots DIY innovation

Makerspaces, hackathons, and technology incubators are key emerging sites for communication practice and research. Yet, little is known about how resource-constrained, non-Western families practice...
Local financialization, household debt, and the great recession

To test the relationship between local financial sector activity and household borrowing, I exploit the credit‐supply shock that occurred prior to the Great Recession as a plausibly exogenous source of variation in borrowing behavior. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach I find that per‐capita indebtedness increased by several thousand dollars—approximately 10%—more in states with a large local financial sector during the housing market boom. A similar positive relationship between financialization and indebtedness holds at the county level. These results suggest the growing influence of local financial markets as a fundamental cause of the Great Recession. Para probar la relacion entre la actividad del sector financiero local y el endeudamiento de los hogares, se utiliza la conmocion de la oferta crediticia que se produjo antes de la Gran Recesion como una fuente plausiblemente exogena de variacion en el comportamiento sobre endeudamiento. Mediante el uso de un enfoque de diferencias en diferencias se encontro que el endeudamiento per capita aumento en varios miles de dolares, aproximadamente un 10%, en los estados con un gran sector financiero local durante el auge del mercado de la vivienda. A nivel de condado se mantiene una relacion positiva similar entre la financializacion y el endeudamiento. Estos resultados sugieren la influencia creciente de los mercados financieros locales como causa fundamental de la Gran Recesion. 地方の金融セクターの活動と家計借入との関連性を検討するため、グレート・リセッション以前に起きたクレジット供給ショックを、借入行動の変化の妥当な外生的要因として探索する。差分の差分法による分析から、住宅市場の好況期には、一人あたりの負債が、大きな金融セクターがある州では数千ドル(約10%)増加したことがわかる。経済の金融化と負債の間にも同様の正の関係が、郡レベルでも見られる。この結果から、地方の金融市場の増大する影響力がグレート・リセッションの根本的な原因であったことが示唆される。
Asymptotic Derivation of the Simplified $P_N$ Equations for Nonclassical Transport with Anisotropic Scattering

This paper introduces new asymptotic analysis used to derive the set of simplified nonclassical $P_N$ equations with anisotropic scattering.
RF Front End Module Architectures for 5G

Worldwide adoption of 3G/4G smartphones for more than 5 billion of people has been one of the main driving engine behind semiconductor industry. 5G is expected to bring higher data capacity, low latency and new RF hardware enhancements which will open the market for new application where our smartphones will be a conduit. CMOS lower features nodes as FinFET 7nm/14nm CMOS allow the computational power and lower power consumption required for the use of digital signal processing and RF digital calibration which are essential for 4G/5G modem and application processor technology. The goal of having a single die for the entire 4G/5G functionality has faded away to a more realistic partitioning where many RF and analogue blocks are integrated with other components such as RF acoustic filters in multiple RF front-endmodules. This paper presents RF front end architectures which will be part of 5G smartphones together with circuit and measurement details.
The Pharmacy Student Population: Applications Received 2018-19, Degrees Conferred 2018-19, Fall 2019 Enrollments.

This report presents data that describe the 2018-19 pharmacy application pool, degrees conferred in 2018-19, and fall 2019 pharmacy program enrollments. Data for this report were requested from 144 U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy recognized by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) using five separate survey instruments.
Recent Advances in the Understanding of Boron-Containing Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Alkanes to Olefins

The production of ethylene and propylene through aerobic alkane oxidation without significant coproduction of CO and CO2 (COx) presents a challenge to academic and industrial researchers alike. Recently, boron-containing materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been identified as active and selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane to propylene with minimal COx selectivity. Additionally, high olefin selectivity is also obtained in the oxidation of other alkanes and other materials such as metal borides and supported B/SiO2 have been successfully applied to this transformation. Recent advances in the understanding of these catalysts in the oxidation of light alkanes are presented here providing a framework for further study of this exciting field.
Heart failure is not a determinant of central sleep apnea in the pediatric population.

Background/objectives Adults with heart failure (HF) have high prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA). While this has been repeatedly investigated in adults, there is a deficiency of similar research in pediatric populations. The goal of this study was to compare prevalence of CSA in children with and without HF and correlate central apneic events with heart function. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from children with and without HF was conducted. Eligible children were less than 18 years old with echocardiogram and polysomnogram within 6 months of each other. Children were separated into groups with and without HF based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Defining CSA as central apnea-hypopnea index (CAHI) more than 1/hour, the cohort was also classified into children with and without CSA for comparative study. Results A total of 120 children (+HF: 19, -HF: 101) were included. The +HF group was younger, with higher prevalence of trisomy 21, muscular dystrophy, oromotor incoordination, and structural heart disease. The +HF group had lower apnea-hypopnea index (median: 3/hour vs. 8.6/hour) and lower central apnea index (CAI) (median: 0.2/hour vs. 0.55/hour). Prevalence of CSA was similar in both groups (p = .195). LogCAHI was inversely correlated to age (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.245, p = .022). Children with CSA were younger and had higher prevalence of prematurity (40% vs. 5.3%). There was no significant difference in LVEF between children with and without CSA. After excluding children with prematurity, relationship between CAHI and age was no longer sustained. Conclusions In contrast to adults, there is no difference in prevalence of CSA in children with and without HF. Unlike in adults, LVEF does not correlate with CAI in children. Overall, it appears that central apneic events may be more a function of age and prematurity rather than of heart function.
Burn patients' pain experiences and perceptions.

Abstract Introduction Burns are painful injuries associated with a long recovery. Patients may not be receiving sufficient pain management education to optimize their experience and recovery after burn injury. Therefore, we aimed to obtain patients’ perspectives about the effectiveness of current burn pain education to inform future efforts. Methods We used a mixed-methods research design that included both inpatients and outpatients cared for at a single, American Burn Association-verified burn center. Participants were at least 14 years of age with an acute burn who received a minimum of two wound interventions. The interview was designed by clinician stakeholders using a modified Delphi technique and focused on patient respondent's pain experience, understanding and desire to gain knowledge concerning burn pain and its management. Descriptive quantitative analysis was performed on categorical data. Recorded interview segments were transcribed for content analysis. Results Twenty-one adult burn patients were interviewed. Participants reported experiencing variable levels of pain and pain management effectiveness. Inpatients reported more severe pain than outpatients. Only 11% of inpatients reported having received enough pain information, compared to 50% of outpatients. Content analysis yielded 3 themes: patient’s pain experience, range of expectations, and clinical information/services desired. Mental and physical effects were key factors in respondents' pain experiences, with many participants reporting mental anguish in addition to pain. Of participants who had pain expectations, most were matched by their experience (56%), although many individuals (44%) described higher pain levels than they anticipated. Positive experiences with the burn care team primarily revolved around receiving pain education from a provider, whereas negative experiences focused on wound care events. Participants desired more information on sleep and pain medications, alternative treatments, weaning and addiction risk, realistic expectations of recovery timelines, and available mental health services. Written (pamphlet) education ranked as the most desirable delivery method, followed by in-person and video education. Conclusions Burn patients reported variable pain experiences and a strong desire to receive additional pain education. This project informs key strategies to educate burn patients on pain: leverage the high-level of interest in pain to foster education, describe pharmacologic and alternative therapies, offer weaning plans and explanation of addiction risks. Applicability to practice Burn patients’ perspectives help inform strategies and content creation for pain-related education materials that burn centers can provide to improve patients’ experiences. External Funding Project was supported in part by the NIH grant for Insight Student Research Program at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (R25 HD094336).
A Compact, Single-Supply, DC to 30 GHz GaAs Active Input Match MMIC

A wideband MMIC amplifier using enhancement mode GaAs HEMTs and inductive peaking is described. The on-chip inductors are custom designed for low parasitics and small footprint, reducing the active chip area to 470 μm × 430 μm. When biased with a single supply of 3.5 V the amplifier consumes 40.2 mW and from dc to 29.6 GHz maintains an input return loss better 8.7 dB and a noise figure below 5.4 dB.
On the necessity of hope in academic development

Reflecting on more than five years’ work in a project to support faculty in redesigning large enrollment, high failure rate courses through an equity lens at multiple U.S. institutions, hope emerge...
Side-Lining Trauma Sensitive Practices in Schools and Next Steps:

Studies reveal students who deal with complex traumas must manage negative impacts to their development. These impacts reveal themselves in the challenges young children and adolescents face with l...
An effective sustainable approach towards recycling and value addition of waste poly(vinyl chloride) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) recovered from electronic waste (e-waste)

In current study the blends prepared by utilizing recycled poly(vinyl chloride) (r-PVC) as well as recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (r-ABS) material recovered from e-waste are investigated with respect to property enhancement. Also, nitrile rubber (NBR) was added to prepared blends of r-(PVC/ABS) as a bridging agent between the optimized blends composition. The blends was prepared by means of the melt-mixing process and further tensile sample prepared using micro-compounding process. The superior properties on compatibility between NBR-modified r-(PVC/ABS) blends were successfully studied using rheological, mechanical, morphological, thermal, and water absorption analysis studies. The primary analysis of r-PVC and r-ABS was employed using FTIR analysis. The thermal stability of blends containing 10 wt% NBR was stable up to 253 oC. In addition, significant enhancement on impact strength of r-(PVC/ABS) blends having 10 wt.% of NBR content. Morphological properties of NBR added based blends presented proper homogenization and properly mixed recycled polymer-rubber phase in prepared r-(PVC/ABS) blends. The water absorption test results showed rapid ingress of water with an increase in NBR content in prepared blends. This study provides a novel way towards reuse the polymer from electronic waste with its improved properties by preparing blends.
High-resolution computational modeling of the current flow in the outer ear during transcutaneous auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS).

Abstract Background Transcutaneous auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) applies low-intensity electrical current to the ear with the intention of activating the auricular branch of the Vagus nerve. The sensitivity and selectivity of stimulation applied to the ear depends on current flow pattern produced by a given electrode montage (size and placement). Objective We compare different electrodes designs for taVNS considering both the predicted peak electric fields (sensitivity) and their spatial distribution (selectivity). Methods Based on optimized high-resolution (0.47 mm) T1 and T2 weighted MRI, we developed an anatomical model of the left ear and the surrounding head tissues including brain, CSF/meninges, skull, muscle, blood vessels, fat, cartilage, and skin. The ear was further segmented into 6 regions of interest (ROI) based on various nerve densities: cavum concha, cymba concha, crus of helix, tragus, antitragus, and earlobe. A range of taVNS electrode montages were reproduced spanning varied electrodes sizes and placements over the tragus, cymba concha, earlobe, cavum concha, and crus of helix. Electric field across the ear (from superficial skin to cartilage) for each montage at 1 mA or 2 mA taVNS, assuming an activation threshold of 6.15 V/m, 12.3 V/m or 24.6 V/m was predicted using a Finite element method (FEM). Finally, considering every ROI, we calculated the sensitivity and selectivity of each montage. Results Current flow patterns through the ear were highly specific to the electrode montage. Electric field was maximal at the ear regions directly under the electrodes, and for a given total current, increases with decreasing electrode size. Depending on the applied current and nerves threshold, activation may also occur in the regions between multiple anterior surface electrodes. Each considered montage was selective for one or two regions of interest. For example, electrodes across the tragus restricted significant electric field to the tragus. Stimulation across the earlobe restricted significant electric field to the earlobe and the antitragus. Because of this relative selectivity, use of control ear montages in experimental studies, support testing of targeting. Relative targeting was robust across assumptions of activation threshold and tissue properties. Discussion Computational models provide additional insight on how details in electrode shape and placement impact sensitivity (how much current is needed) and selectivity (spatial distribution), thereby supporting analysis of existing approaches and optimization of new devices. Our result suggest taVNS current patterns and relative target are robust across individuals, though (variance in) axon morphology was not represented.
Transport synthetic acceleration for long-characteristics assembly-level transport problems

The authors apply the transport synthetic acceleration (TSA) scheme to the long-characteristics spatial discretization for the two-dimensional assembly-level transport problem. This synthetic method employs a simplified transport operator as its low-order approximation. Thus, in the acceleration step, the authors take advantage of features of the long-characteristics discretization that make it particularly well suited to assembly-level transport problems. The main contribution is to address difficulties unique to the long-characteristics discretization and produce a computationally efficient acceleration scheme. The combination of the long-characteristics discretization, opposing reflecting boundary conditions (which are present in assembly-level transport problems), and TSA presents several challenges. The authors devise methods for overcoming each of them in a computationally efficient way. Since the boundary angular data exist on different grids in the high- and low-order problems, they define restriction and prolongation operations specific to the method of long characteristics to map between the two grids. They implement the conjugate gradient (CG) method in the presence of opposing reflection boundary conditions to solve the TSA low-order equations. The CG iteration may be applied only to symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices; they prove that the long-characteristics discretization yields an SPD matrix. They present results of the acceleration scheme on a simplemore » test problem, a typical pressurized water reactor assembly, and a typical boiling water reactor assembly.« less
A Pilot Investigation of the Short-Term Effects of an Interdisciplinary Intervention Program on Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture in Taiwan

RESULTS: Subjects in the experimental group improved significantly more than those in the control group in the following outcomes: ratio of hip flexion 1 month after discharge (P 5.02), recovery of previous walking ability at 1 month (P 5.04) and 3 months (P 5.001) after discharge, and activities of daily living at 1 month (P 5.01) and 2 months (P 5.001) after discharge. Three months after discharge, the experimental group showed significant improvement in peak force of the fractured limb’s quadriceps (P 5.04) and the following health outcomes: bodily pain (P 5.03), vitality (Po.001), mental health (P 5.02), physical function (Po .001), and role physical (P 5.006). They also had fewer depressive symptoms (P 5.008) 3 months after discharge. CONCLUSION: This intervention program may benefit older people with hip fractures in Taiwan by improving their clinical outcomes, self-care abilities, and HRQOL and by decreasing depressive symptoms within 3 months after discharge. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:811–818, 2005.
Multiobjective quadratic assignment problem solved by an explicit building block search algorithm – MOMGA-IIa

The multi-objective quadratic assignment problem (mQAP) is an non-deterministic polynomial-time complete (NPC) problem with many real-world applications. The application addressed in this paper is the minimization of communication flows in a heterogenous mix of Organic Air Vehicles (OAV). A multi-objective approach to solving the general mQAP for this OAV application is developed. The combinatoric nature of this problem calls for a stochastic search algorithm; moreover, two linkage learning algorithms, the multi-objective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMGA-II) and MOMGA-IIa, are compared. Twenty-three different problem instances having three different sizes (10, 20, and 30) plus two and three objectives are solved. Results indicate that the MOMGA-IIa resolves all pareto optimal points for problem instances < 20.
RITC: repeater insertion with timing target compensation

This paper investigates the problem of repeater insertion for global interconnects under given timing constraints. A novel technique is proposed to aggressively reduce the positive timing slack for maximal repeater reduction while maintaining timing closure. Our scheme is both fast and effective due to the judicious combination of accurate SPICE simulations and the simple Elmore delay model. In comparison with other repeater insertion solvers, our scheme achieves up to 41% reduction in total repeater width in comparable runtimes.
Experimental analysis of layered Ethernet software

We conducted a series of experiments contrasting the performance of a standard communications protocol with the performance of modified versions of the protocol. The results of these experiments divide the communications delay in Sun's implementation of UDP/IP on a 10 megabit per second Ethernet into categories such as buffer copying, context switching, protocol layering, internet address translation, and checksum computation. We also describe the implementation of our own simple Ethernet protocol which propagates messages in slightly less than half the time required by UDP/IP. Our experimental results indicate that the most expensive of these are socket layering and connection, even though most of the layering in the UDP/IP implementation is incidental to the protocol.
Chapter 29. Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Publisher Summary The preparation of nucleosides by the fusion method continues to be employed extensively. Iodine has been found to be an effective catalyst for the synthesis of certain nucleosides by the fusion method. Nebularine has been synthesized in high yield by the fusion technique using bis-(p-nitrophenyl) hydrogen phosphate as the catalyst. Nucleosides are prepared by the fusion method from homoribose with 6-chloro-, and 2, 6-dichloropurines. The corresponding 6-mercapto and 2-chloro-6-aminopurine nucleosides are nontoxic in tissue culture. A variety of aldofuranosyl nucleosides have been pre-pared by the chloromercuri procedure. The utilization of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group as a blocking group in the preparation of 2 ′ -amino-2 ′ - deoxy-nucleosides has been described in the synthesis of 2 ′ -amino-2 ′ -deoxy-adenosine. The synthesis and biological function of nucleotides is well studied. The synthesis of the 64 possible ribotrinucleotides, derived from the four major ribomononucleotides has been done. Additional studies on the preparation of nucleotides and dinucleoside phosphates by the anhydronucleoside method have been reported. Reaction of 2 ′ , 3 ′ -O-isopropylidene inosine with phosphorus trichloride in acetone solution followed by an aqueous treatment and removal of the blocking group gave 5 ′ -IMP in a 91% yield. This reaction is applicable to other nucleoside isopropylidene derivatives.
Association of deep white matter infarction with chronic communicating hydrocephalus: implications regarding the possible origin of normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

The coexistence of cerebrovascular disease leading to deep white matter infarction and normal-pressure hydrocephalus has been noted previously in clinical studies, as both diseases can present with the triad of gait disturbance, dementia, and incontinence. The purpose of this MR study was to determine if the two diseases demonstrated a statistical association. Evidence of patchy periventricular hyperintensity representing presumed deep white matter infarction was sought in 20 patients shunted for normal-pressure hydrocephalus and in 35 additional consecutive patients with clinical symptoms and MR findings consistent with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Deep white matter infarction was also sought in 62 consecutive age-matched control subjects. There was a statistically significant (p less than .001) higher association (58%) of marked infarction in the 55 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus than in the age-matched controls (24%). MR findings of communicating hydrocephalus (ventriculomegaly and increased aqueductal CSF flow void) were sought in 78 consecutive patients with presumed deep white matter infarction, and the degree of severity of the two diseases was also found to be statistically significant (p less than .05). In view of this association, the possibility that the two diseases are related was considered. A potential mechanism is discussed whereby deep white matter infarction leading to decreased periventricular tensile strength could result in communicating hydrocephalus. It is plausible that normal-pressure hydrocephalus may result from a number of different insults to the brain.
Minimal Detection of Nuclear Mutations in XP-V and Normal Cells Treated with Oxidative Stress Inducing Agents

Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be induced by exposure to various chemicals and radiation. One type of damage in DNA produced by ROS is modification of guanine to 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). This particular alteration to the chemistry of the base can inhibit the replication fork and has been linked to mutagenesis, cancer, and aging. In vitro studies have shown that the translesion synthesis polymerase, DNA polymerase η (pol η), is able to efficiently bypass 8-oxoG in DNA. In this study, we wanted to investigate the mutagenic effects of oxidative stress, and in particular 8-oxoG, in the presence and absence of pol η. We quantified levels of oxidative stress, 8-oxoG levels in DNA, and nuclear mutation rates. We found that most of the 8-oxoG detected were localized to the mitochondrial DNA, opposed to the nuclear DNA. We also saw a corresponding lack of mutations in a nuclear-encoded gene. This suggests that oxidative stress' primary mutagenic effects are not predominantly on genomic DNA.
Integrating in situ quantitative geographic information tools and size‐specific, laboratory‐based growth zones in a dynamic river‐mouth estuary

1. The ultimate determination of coastal habitat suitability requires the integration of both dynamic (i.e. water mass characteristics) and stationary (structural) habitats. An approach using real-time streamed data collection, remote sensing, and GIS modelling to compare and contrast seasonal and spatial patterns in these habitat components of the eastern and western distributaries of the lower Pascagoula River estuary is described. 2. Structural and dynamic habitat characteristics are described using GIS and integrated with published growth data on juvenile mullet (Mugil spp.) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) to reveal zones of accelerated growth. Both mullet and spot had their greatest growth when water temperature and salinity (dynamic habitat) were physiologically optimal. The lack of spatial difference in the dynamic habitat between distributaries resulted in no growth zone differences for both species. 3. The integration of the growth zones with the structural habitat component showed that the west distributary, with its greater availability and reduced fragmentation of main channel marsh edge, should provide a greater area of essential fish habitat than the east distributary for juvenile spot, a marsh-edge associate. Because juvenile mullet are less associated with structural wetland habitat, growth zones and the stationary (structural) habitat were not integrated. 4. The approach of integrating real-time geo-referenced water quality data with regional fish growth-rate data is an important step towards a quantitative understanding of the hierarchical nature and inherent variability of dynamic coastal environments. The use of this holistic approach should lead to more effective management of estuarine systems, especially in regard to potential impacts within the estuary's watershed and to its coupling with offshore environments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.