cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wound splinting modulates granulation tissue proliferation.

Abstract Attachment of the extracellular matrix to a substratum is important for fibroblast survival and proliferation in three-dimensional in vitro culture systems. We hypothesized that wound matrix attachment in a wound splinting model would modulate wound cell proliferation in vivo. Male rats were excisionally wounded on the dorsum, and a splint was sutured to the wound edge. In one experiment ( N =12), 6 rats were desplinted on day 5, and then all were sacrificed 24 h later, 6 h after 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injection. In the second experiment ( N =18), 6 rats each were desplinted, desplinted with wound edge release, or not disturbed, followed by BrdU injection and sacrifice 24 h later. BrdU-labeled nuclei were quantified on frozen sections of granulation tissue, cut at three different levels. In the first experiment, the percentage of BrdU-positive nuclei per high power field (hpf) in the splinted vs. desplinted animals was 6.15±2.45 (S.D.) vs. 3.03±1.58%* p p
Linear filtering in multiplicative noise

Linear filtering of a continuous dynamical system is considered where the noise appears multiplicatively. It is first shown that the solution process is a log normal process. The estimator equation and the variance equation for the filter are then derived, which are shown to be coupled. A successive approximation scheme is proposed whereby at each iteration step the estimator equation and the variance equation are separable and take forms similar to that of the Kalman-Bucy filter for the additive-noise case.
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAP

Data Warehousing and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) are technologies for providing executives and managers with timely, integrated access to critical information from multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases and other information sources for analysis and decision making activities.The ACM International Workshop on Data Warehousing and Online Analytical Processing (DOLAP) is an annual event that provides an international forum where both researchers and practitioners can share their findings in theoretical foundations, current methodologies, practical experiences, and new research directions in the areas of data warehousing and online analytical processing. The fifth DOLAP workshop was held this year in McLean, VA, USA.These proceedings contain the papers selected for presentation at the workshop. We received 22 submissions form 16 different countries. The submitted papers covered various aspects of Data Warehousing and OLAP including multidimensional modeling, materialized view selection, extract-transform-merge processes, view maintenance, temporal and object-oriented aspects of data warehouses, query languages for OLAP, query processing and optimization, indexing, and XML data warehouses. After careful review the program committee selected 11 papers for presentation at the workshop. The accepted papers were presented in three sessions: data warehouse conceptual modeling, data warehouse logical design, and data warehouse operation and query optimization.
Multiresolution, dynamic, and adaptive image quantization methodology: automation and analysis

We describe a multiresolution, dynamic, and adaptive image quantization methodology with automation being the goal of our research. To improve the robustness of the approach, we incorporate dynamic local thresholding and multiresolution peak detection. The first strategy extracts bisector values from local regions of the image and builds a histogram based on those values. The second strategy maps the derived histogram into multiple levels of resolution, allowing peaks be scored for their significance and localized. We conduct several experiments to analyze different versions of our quantization methodology and to compare it with the equal probability quantization. We also investigated the relationships between image attributes and the key parameters in our quantizers. Based on the findings, we developed a fully automated quantizer called QTR0.5. We have applied QTR0.5 to a variety of images—aerial, photographic, and satellite images—and have also used it as a preprocessor in an image segmentation software tool.
Release pattern of aminopeptidase from Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes subjected to high-level bacterial challenge.

Abstract Specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata , NIH albino strain, challenged with 2 μl of heat-killed Bacillus megaterium at a concentration of 9 × 10 9 bacteria/ml, showed significant elevation of serum aminopeptidase activity level at 2 hr postchallenge when compared with the serum activity levels of the enzyme in snails of the other experimental groups at four time intervals postchallenge. It was found that challenge with a heavy dosage of heat-killed bacteria did not cause a shift in the highest level of enzyme activity from 2 hr postchallenge. Also, the activity of aminopeptidase was higher at 2 hr postchallenge with a greater dosage of heat-killed bacteria.
The July 1981 Earthquake Sequence Near Cornwall, Ontario And Massena, New York

On July 4, 1981, a magnitude 3.3 earthquake shook the area near Cornwall, Ontario and Massena, New York. Within the next four days 17 additional earthquakes occurred ranging in size from magnitude 3.3 to 0.5. All of the events above magnitude 2.5 have well determined hypocenters located to within ± 0.6 km of 45°06.5′N and 74°36.6′W and are 16 ± 3 km deep. Fault plane solutions determined for the two largest events (both m = 3.3) show reverse faulting with some strike-slip motion on north or west striking planes. Most of the earthquakes in northern New York and southern Quebec and Ontario have similar fault plane solutions. Intensity data gathered from the first event reveal a maximum intensity of V surrounding the instrumentally located epicenter. All the isoseismals are elliptical with major axes that trend northeast-southwest, and they are elongated to the southwest with respect to the July 4 epicenter. The trend of the isoseismals is roughly parallel to the regional strike of the nearby Grenville structures. The extent of groundshaking is apparently determined by structural fabric rather than by the geometry of faulting. We believe that the earthquake sequence in July 1981 is genetically related to earthquakes clustered along a NNW band of seismicity extending from the Adirondacks in New York to just north of the Baskatong reservoir in Quebec. Nearly all fault plane solutions from earthquakes in the band show reverse faulting on NNW striking planes. The alignment of nodal planes with the seismicity trend suggests that earthquakes in this region of relatively high seismic activity are releasing stress along a NNW zone of weakness.
Gender stereotyping and nursing care

The effect of gender stereotyping on nursing care was examined. Eight conditions were created in a posttest-only experiment by completely crossing patient gender (male/female) by memory load (low/high) by patient health status (stable/unstable). One hundred sixty nurses read the same patient vignette. The vignette differed in patient gender, memory load, and patient health status. The nurses then estimated the minutes needed for specific nursing interventions with the patient. Nurses planned significantly more ambulation, analgesic administration, and emotional support time for the male patient, despite the presence of individuating information. More accurate, effective nursing care is possible when nurses are aware of the effect of gender stereotyping on nursing care.
Formation and Characterization of Polyamide Membranes via Interfacial Polymerization

The formation of plyamide membranes via the interfacial polymerization (IP) of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) in water with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in hexane or heptane is studied using two novel measurement techniques: light relfection and pendant-drop tensiometry. These techniques permit obtaining real-time data on effects of TMC and MPD concentration as well as reaction time on the IP membrane-formation process. The structure of the IP membranes is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their performance is assessed via high pressure permeation measurements. These studies indicate that for very small TMC concentrations (<0.01 wt%) the IP process is diffusion controlled in the organic layer. for higher TMC concentrations appropriate to commercial practice, the IP process is MPD-diffusion controlled in the IP film layer. Although under typical IP reaction conditions (MPD ≈2 wt%, TMC ≈0.1 wt%), the IP reaction is nearly instantaneous, the growth of the IP film thickness becomes self-limiting on a longer time scale (<40 s) owing to the inability of the two reactants to interpenetrate after sufficient densification has occurred toward the organic side of the IP film. However, the IP film properties continue to change long after (300 s) the IP film growth becomes self-limiting presumably because of additional cross-linking. The light-reflection, pendant-drop tensiometry, SEM, and permeation measurements provide complementary supporting information on the IP membrane-formation process. In particular, these studies clearly indicate that the reactant concentrations and reaction time can be optimized to achieve improved rejection and permeation-flux properties. These studies also indicate that the light-reflection and pendant-drop-tensiometry measurement techniques provide very useful tools for studying the very rapid IP membrane-formation process.
Synchronization modulation of Na/K pump molecules can hyperpolarize the membrane resting potential in intact fibers

Previously, we have theoretically studied the possibility of electrical rhythmic entrainment of carrier-mediated ion transporters, and experimentally realized synchronization and acceleration of the Na/K pumping rate in the cell membrane of skeletal muscle fibers by a specially designed synchronization modulation electric field. In these studies we either used cut fibers under a voltage clamp or intact fibers, but in the presence of ion channels blockers. A question remained as to whether the field-induced activation observed in the pump molecules could effectively increase the intracellular ionic concentration and the membrane potential at physiological conditions. In this paper, we studied the effects of the field on intact fibers without any channel blockers. We monitored the field-induced changes in the ionic concentration gradient across the cell membrane and the membrane potential non-invasively by using a fluorescent probe and confocal microscopic imaging techniques. The results clearly show that the entrainment of the pump molecules by the synchronization modulation electric field can effectively increase the ionic concentration gradient, and hence, hyperpolarize the membrane potential.
Application of matroid method in kinematic analysis of parallel axes epicyclic gear trains

A novel method for kinematic analysis of parallel-axes epicyclic gear trains is presented, called the incidence and transfer method, which uses the incidence matrices associated with the edge-oriented graph associated to the mechanism and the transfer joints (teeth contact joints). Relative to such joints, a set of independent equations can be generated for calculating the angular positions, velocities, and accelerations. Complete kinematic equations are obtained in matrix form using a base of circuits from a cycle matroid. The analysis uses the relationships between the number of mobile links, number of joints, and number of circuits in the base of circuits, together with the Latin matrix (whose entries are function of the absolute values of the partial gear ratios of the transmission). Calculating the rank of the Latin matrix can identify singularities, like groups of gears that rotate as a whole. Relationships between the output and input angular velocities and accelerations are then determined in a matrix-based approach without using any derivative operations. The proposed method has general applicability and can be employed for systems with any number of gears and degrees of freedom, as illustrated by the numerical examples presented.
The agony with ecstasy: Lessons from a recent rave

The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as "Ecstasy", is a well recognized but often an underappreciated drug of abuse. It is a synthetic derivative of amphetamine intended for use as an appetite suppressant when created in 1912. This never materialized and use was dormant until the 1970s, when reports surfaced on its use in psychoanalysis and as a recreational drug. While similar to amphetamine, it has a methylenedioxy ring substitution and resembles the hallucinogen mescaline. Its abuse potential led to its classification as a scheduled I hallucinogen in 1985, by the Food and Drug Administration. It is no longer used for medicinal purposes, except in an investigational setting. Its main effects of mood enhancement and euphoria have made it a favorite in dance clubs and "rave" parties. Reports place it just behind amphetamine compounds and ahead of cocaine in terms of its use in adults, with an estimated consumption of as many as 2 millions tablets weekly and over 28 million worldwide users.... Language: en
Guided-Wave Acousto-Optics-Fundamentals And Wideband Applications

The fundamentals of noncollinear coplanar guided-wave acoustooptics and some of the more recent progress on application of the resulting devices are summarized in this paper. First, basic interaction mechanisms, configurations, and key acoustical and optical parameters are discussed. A number of wideband device configurations which employ isotropic/anisotropic Bragg diffractions and multiple surface acoustic waves together with the results obtained using optical waveguides in Y-cut LiNb03 substrate are then described. Finally, typical performance figures that have been obtained with applications using the resulting wideband devices, emphasizing those being carried out at the author's institution, including high-resolution light beam deflectors, very high-scanning rate light beam deflectors, spectrum analyzers, convolvers, pulse compressors, and tunable optical filters are given. Further improvements in performance figures as well as implementation of other types of signal processors are possible. These applications constitute some of the attractive ones in future wideband multichannel integrated/fiber optic communication and signal processing systems.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Classical radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge

Abstract The old and much-debated question, whether a charge in uniform acceleration radiates, is discussed in detail and its implications are pointed out. Many contradictory statements in the literature are analyzed and those answers which can be given on the basis of the standard classical Maxwell-Lorentz equations are presented. Although the questions that remain open are difficult and fundamental, some simple results can be proved: Contrary to claims in some standard sources (Pauli, von Laue), a charge in uniform acceleration does radiate. The radiation rate is finite, invariant, and constant in time in the instantaneous rest system. There is no contradiction of this fact with either the principle of conservation of energy or the principle of equivalence. Finally, the group of conformal transformations is found to be not physically meaningful.
An Empirical Approach to Supervision and Training of Relationship Therapists

This paper presents an empirical approach to supervision and training of marriage and family therapists. Advantages from the use of the empirical approach include a systematic investigation of the skills and competencies of the therapist and establishing the basis for the scientific study of supervision. A Counseling Problems Worksheet is presented to help in developing multiple hypothesis related to counselor skill deficiencies. Two case studies are given to demonstrate the use of the empirical approach.
Coupling of Spectral Methods and the p-Version of the Finite Element Method for Elliptic Boundary Value Problems Containing Singularities

In this paper, we study a coupling of spectral methods and the p -version finite element methods for elliptic boundary value problems containing singularities. The method of auxiliary mapping, which is a recent development to deal with domain singularities in the p-version of the finite element method, is employed to remove the pollution effect caused by singularities. An iterative interfacial coupling between spectral methods and the p-version of the finite element method is used and investigated numerically. The advantages of such an approach are demonstrated by the high accuracy of spectral methods for the smooth part of solutions and the flexibility of the p-version of the finite element method for dealing with singularities and irregular domains. The efficiency of the coupling method is also evaluated by comparing results obtained by this method with those obtained by the full finite element algorithm.
Identification and distribution of α-melanotropin in discrete regions of the cat brain

The distribution of alpha-melantropin-like material (alpha-MSH) was demonstrated in rat brain using a microdissection technique combined with radioimmunoassay. Highest concentrations of alpha-MSH were noted in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. Particularly high concentrations were observed in the arcuate nucleus, median eminence, suprachiasmatic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and the medial preoptic nucleus. The thalamic paraventricular nucleus also contained high alpha-MSH concentrations. Moderate to low concentrations were noted in other thalamic, septal, amygdaloid and midbrain nuclei. Low concentrations were observed in cortical and striatal regions.
Evaluating Program Placement in an Institution for the Mentally Retarded: a Multivariate Approach

Examined is a multivariate method for evaluating the appropriateness of program placement in an institution for the mentally retarded. Six criterion groups were formed from among those residents attending educational programs in a developmental program sequence; then the groups were subjected to discriminant analysis. Dependent measures consisted of metrics derived from the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and included chronological age. The central question of the study was whether the six groups could be separated from one another and, if so, to determine those resident attributes accounting for such differentiation. The major findings were that the measures employed did significantly differentiate among the groups, and that adaptive behavior attributes relevant to programming goals accounted for most group differences. The implications of these findings for the evaluation of the placement aspect of programming are discussed.
Correction: Optimizing supercapacitor electrode density: achieving the energy of organic electrolytes with the power of aqueous electrolytes

The value of electrode density is often overlooked in the pursuit of impressive supercapacitor metrics. Low-density electrodes deliver the best performance in terms of gravimetric energy and power densities when only the mass of the electrodes is considered. However, energy and power values with respect to the total system mass (electrode + electrolyte) or volume are more meaningful for practical application. Low-density electrodes are impractical due to both large mass contributions by the electrolyte and large system volumes. Here, we use highly compressible graphene aerogel electrodes (up to 87.5% volumetric compression) to systematically characterize the effects of electrode density on energy and power metrics. The results reveal that electrode density is similar to electrode thickness in that both parameters have a squared effect on power. Accounting for the aqueous electrolyte's mass lowered the gravimetric energy and power by almost an order of magnitude for 0.144 g cm−3 dense carbon electrodes but only by a factor of 1.5 when the electrode density was increased to 1.15 g cm−3 through compression. The high-density electrodes achieve 8 W h kg−1, 70 000 W kg−1, and 144 F cm−3 in a symmetric electrode setup after factoring in the aqueous electrolyte's mass. Therefore, in the pursuit of high energy per mass, it can be just as effective to lower the system's mass with smaller electrolyte fractions as it is to use electrolytes with larger voltage ranges. High electrode densities allow aqueous electrolyte supercapacitors to attain energy densities per the system mass comparable to those of commercially-available organic electrolyte supercapacitors while maintaining 10–100× greater power.
Short Communication: Using shorelines for autonomous air vehicle guidance

We suggest the use of extended landmarks, such as shorelines, creeks, tree lines, and railroads, as well as roads for autonomous navigation of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV). In particular, we recommend the use of shorelines, because of their common availability, their ease of detection, and their significance in terms of events happening along them. Monitoring coastlines and waterways from low flying UAVs has many applications for military and civilian use. We report the development of a vision system that has enabled a prototype UAV to follow shorelines autonomously (without requiring maps or GPS). Using a near-infrared sensor the vision system distinguishes water from land (irrespective of water's color) and issues commands to the autopilot to follow the coastline or the riverbank. One insight of this problem is that the control algorithm could be integrated deeply with the vision system. This has the benefit of delaying smoothing/regularization so that it could occur in the context of the control coordinate system rather than the image or ground coordinate system. The algorithm itself is simple, but it possibly points the way to future algorithms which could more closely couple image processing and control. Furthermore, the experience gained in this work may be of value in the development of vision systems for following other types of paths.
Chemical, Structural, and Immunological Studies of Nerve Axon Protein

The fibrous protein of the nerve axon, manifested in the electron microscope as neurofilaments 80–100 A thick and extending to the ends of the axons, is the most ubiquitous, characteristic structure in neurons; yet the function of the protein is unknown. From squid axoplasm the fibrous protein corresponding to ca. 70% of the total protein has been isolated and characterized as an acidic protein, isoelectric point 3.8–4.0. The subunits, having a molecular weight ca. 20,000–30,000 appear to aggregate possibly in strings which in turn wind helically about the axis. Like tobacco mosaic virus, the center of the filament is represented by a hole or channel 20–30 A in diameter. Dr. F. Huneeus, at our Chilean laboratory, has obtained antibodies against the purified protein by injecting it into rabbits. The gamma globulin containing the antibody is injected into intact or perfused squid giant axons, thus providing a possibility of testing the role of this ubiquitous protein in impulse propagation or other vital nerve processes. Results thus far obtained are described. Das faserformige Protein des Axons, welches sich im Elektronenmikroskop als Nervenfaser 80–100 A dick erkennen last und bis an die Enden des Axons reicht, stellt die haufigste charakteristische Struktur in Neuronen dar; dennoch ist die Funktion des Proteins unbekannt. Aus dem Axoplasma des Tintenfischs konnte ein fasriges Protein, entsprechend etwa 70% des Gesamtproteins, isoliert werden. Es lies sich als saures Protein mit einem isoelektrischen Punkt bei 3,8–4,0 charakterisieren. Die Untereinheiten mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 20000–30000 scheinen sich zusammenzulagern, moglicherweise in Ketten, welche sich helixformig um eine Achse winden. Wie beim Tabakmosaikvirus wird das Zentrum der Faser durch ein Loch oder einen Kanal mit 20–30 A Durchmesser gebildet. Dr. F. Huneeus aus unserem chilenischen Laboratorium konnte Antikorper gegen das gereinigte Protein durch Injektion in Kaninchen gewinnen. Wird das Gammaglobulin in intakte oder gestorte Axons des Riesentintenfisches injiziert, erhalt man eine Moglichkeit, die Rolle dieses haufigen Proteins in der Reizfortleitung und anderen vitalen Nervenprozessen zu studieren. Die bis heute erhaltenen Resultate werden beschrieben.
Effects of water turbidity and salt concentration levels on penetration of solar radiation under water

Two large, outdoor tanks were constructed in order to investigate the effects of water turbidity and salt concentration levels at various depths of water on penetration of solar radiation. These experiments were followed by a laboratory investigation that measured spectral transmittance and the extinction coefficient of water at different salt concentrations and turbidity levels. Both the outdoor and laboratory results indicate that the salt concentration level does not significantly affect solar radiation penetration. However, water clarity, quantified in terms of the turbidity level, plays a critical role on the magnitude of the solar radiation penetration, with the effect of turbidity on penetration increasing with the depth of water. A best-fit model is developed that gives the solar radiation penetration as a function of turbidity level and depth of water.
Quality of life in children and adults with constipation

This review summarises the literature on quality of life (QOL) assessments in both children and adults with functional constipation. Studies of adults with constipation include subjects from both tertiary care centres and population-based surveys whereas there are no population-based studies in children. The preponderance of evidence indicates that the adverse effects of chronic constipation on QOL in both children and adults are comparable to that seen in other chronic gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders. There are no data on the effect of treatment of children with constipation with regard to QOL whereas several studies indicate that successful treatment of constipation in adults has a favourable effect on QOL. The emerging concept in the treatment of chronic constipation is to measure both objective measures such as frequency and ease of defecation and subjective parameters such as QOL.
A Model of HIV Diffusion From a Single Source

This paper presents a preliminary mathematical model of transmission of the HIV virus from a sexually active prostitute to her clients, and the transmission from those clients to their sexual partners. The final link in the chain is transmission from pregnant mothers to their fetuses. The goal of the study is to determine the effect that a single‐infected, very sexually active prostitute can have on a population of other uninfected adults. Assuming values for the probability of transmission at each sexual encounter and a model for client repeaters, we show that in five years, a single prostitute could be expected to infect about 20 men and about 0.8 unborn children.
Comparison of gait parameters in distal femoral replacement using a metallic endoprosthesis versus allograft reconstruction.

Background/aim Restoration of gait mechanics after reconstruction have been associated with improved functional outcomes and increased longevity of the reconstruction. The goal of this study is to compare the gait mechanics of an allograft reconstruction of the distal femur to both metallic endoprosthetic reconstruction relative to normal control subjects.
The Order Fulfillment Process

Order fulfillment is a key process in managing the supply chain. It is the customers' orders that put the supply chain in motion, and filling them efficiently and effectively is the first step in providing customer service. However, the order fulfillment process involves more than just filling orders. It is about designing a network and a process that permits a firm to meet customer requests while minimizing the total delivered cost. This involves more than logistics, and it needs to be implemented cross‐functionally and with the coordination of key suppliers and customers. In this paper the order fulfillment process is described in detail to show how it can be implemented within a company, and managed across firms in the supply chain. The, activities of each sub‐process are examined; the interfaces with functional silos, processes and firms are evaluated; and, examples of successful implementations are provided.
Spray Drying of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 and Cellular Injury

Starter cultures were spray-dried at five outlet-air temperatures using four concentrations of cells in the feed solution. Powders made using the lowest outlet-air temperature and the highest cell concentration had the highest viability. Storage at 4 o C for 3 mo caused a 34-86% loss of viability. Cellular injury resulted from dehydration, and exposure to high temperatures in the atomizer and during droplet drying. Lactic acid production was similar for frozen, freeze-dried and spray-dried cultures made from a single cell paste. The lag time before lactic acid production was apparently an inherent characteristic of each specific cell paste
Glutamic acid 181 is negatively charged in the bathorhodopsin photointermediate of visual rhodopsin.

Assignment of the protonation state of the residue Glu-181 is important to our understanding of the primary event, activation processes and wavelength selection in rhodopsin. Despite extensive study, there is no general agreement on the protonation state of this residue in the literature. Electronic assignment is complicated by the location of Glu-181 near the nodal point in the electrostatic charge shift that accompanies excitation of the chromophore into the low-lying, strongly allowed ππ* state. Thus, the charge on this residue is effectively hidden from electronic spectroscopy. This situation is resolved in bathorhodopsin, because photoisomerization of the chromophore places Glu-181 well within the region of negative charge shift following excitation. We demonstrate that Glu-181 is negatively charged in bathorhodopsin on the basis of the shift in the batho absorption maxima at 10 K [λmax band (native) = 544 ± 2 nm, λmax band (E181Q) = 556 ± 3 nm] and the decrease in the λmax band oscillator strength (...
Bend Strengths for Diffusion‐Bonded Al2O3

Strengths across the join between diffusion-bonded Al2O3 parts were evaluated in three-point bending. Bond strengths as high as 60% of the alumina itself were achieved.
School-age children with asthma and their parents: relationships with health care providers.

Health care providers, including nurses, physicians, and other personnel, are key figures who design and implement plans of care to help families manage childhood asthma, yet families' perceptions ...
Scaffold-Based or Scaffold-Free Bioprinting: Competing or Complementing Approaches?

Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate artificial tissues and organs through additive manufacturing of living cells in a tissues-specific pattern by stacking them layer by layer. Two major approaches have been proposed in the literature: bioprinting cells in a scaffold matrix to support cell proliferation and growth, and bioprinting cells without using a scaffold structure. Despite great progress, particularly in scaffold-based approaches along with recent significant attempts, printing large-scale tissues and organs is still elusive. This paper demonstrates recent significant attempts in scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissue printing approaches, discusses the advantages and limitations of both approaches, and presents a conceptual framework for bioprinting of scale-up tissue by complementing the benefits of these approaches.
Extraction and LVS for mixed-domain integrated MEMS layouts

As design of integrated MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) matures, there is an increasing need for verification of MEMS layouts. This requires a mixed-domain LVS (layout-versus-schematic) methodology capable of extracting an integrated schematic from the mixed-domain layout and verifying it against the designed schematic. This paper reports on a prototype implementation of MEMS LVS and a MEMS extractor, which, in addition to reconstructing the extracted schematic also captures the domain-specific parasitics in the individual devices. This schematic is then used by a custom schematic-versus-schematic comparator to match connectivity of, various elements between the designed and extracted schematics. Finally, simulation of the extracted schematic also helps in capturing the true behavior of the system.
Changes in Pectic Substances and Enzymes during Ripening and Storage of “Keitt” Mangos

The relationship of the distribution of pectic substances to tissue softening was examined in ripening mangos at four stages of ripeness. Water-soluble and alkali-soluble pectin declined and ammonium oxalate soluble pectin increased as the mango lost its firmness and became soft. Polygalacturonase and cellulase activities of cell wall preparations increased markedly during ripening. The decline in alkali-soluble pectin and the increase in polygalacturonase activity correlated well with the loss of firmness. Alkali-soluble pectin declined slowly in ripe mangos stored at 4°C. This decline correlated with loss of firmness of the stored mangos. The cellulase activity of cell wall preparations from ripe mangos increased during 4°C storage and the increase correlated with the decrease in firmness.
Practical algorithm-based fault tolerant DFT system implementation on a hypercube multiprocessor

Most practical fast DFT systems with non-trivial N number sample points are generally implemented by only several processing units. Efficient time-sharing these few units and including low cost fault detection and reconfiguration is an important design issue for highly dependable DFT systems. The authors discuss achieving low cost fault detection for DFT system by scheduling the limited processing elements on a hypercube. To simplify the discussion, only radix-2 DFT systems are discussed, i.e., N will be always assumed as a power of 2. >
Stability of dolomite in a hydrous mantle, with implications for the mantle solidus

The stability of dolomite, limited by the reaction enstatite + dolomite = diopside + forsterite + CO 2 , has been studied in the system CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -CO 2 -H 2 O at 26 and 31 kbar. The decarbonation curves (contoured for vapor composition) can be extended to a wider range of pressures with thermodynamic functions. At 31 kbar a portion of the decarbonation curve is intersected by the peridotite solidus. This solidus curve is univariant (independent of volatile composition) because the composition of vapor is buffered by the reaction shown above, within a range of CO 2 /(CO 2 + H 2 O). This range, called the zone of invariant vapor composition (ZIVC), widens considerably with increasing pressure. An analogous ZIVC-type solidus can be calculated that is applicable, at pressures greater than about 22 kbar, to natural peridotite compositions containing small amounts of CO 2 and H 2 O (dolomite peridotite). The solidus is equally applicable to dolomite-phlogopite peridotite, because the phlogopite content of the mantle is insufficient to buffer the vapor composition. At pressures below about 22 kbar, dolomite is not stable in the melting range of peridotite. The vapor composition is then buffered by an amphibole reaction at a relatively high (but unknown) value of CO 2 /(CO 2 + H 2 O). The change in reaction is accompanied by a relatively sudden increase in the solidus temperature.
Cefepime neurotoxicity can mimic postanoxic coma with myoclonic status epilepticus.

A 61-year-old woman admitted for operative treatment of aortic and mitral stenosis and coronary artery bypass grafting developed encephalopathy and abnormal movements postoperatively. The evening after surgery, she was hypoxic and hypotensive. The following day, she was awake and following commands without any obvious focal deficits. Over subsequent days her mental status worsened as she remained in shock. Hypoperfusion of the kidneys and liver resulted in acute tubular necrosis and transaminitis. On postoperative day 2 she was started empirically on cefepime and vancomycin for fever and leukocytosis of unknown origin. Her level of consciousness gradually declined and by the fifth postoperative day she was comatose and had developed repetitive involuntary movements of the face consisting of sudden opening of the eyes and opening and closing of the jaw. The movements of the mouth were forceful enough to damage 2 endotracheal tubes. She also had dystonic-like movements in the lower extremities. The movements had myoclonic features but at times appeared more dystonic and were strongly exacerbated …
A hyper-trellis based turbo decoder for Wyner-Ziv video coding

A new approach to design video coding schemes for wireless video applications has emerged recently. Schemes using this approach are based on the principle of distributed source coding, and they exploit the correlation in the frames of the video sequence at the decoder. One such scheme models the correlation between frames as a Laplacian channel, and uses a turbo code to correct errors occurring in this pseudo-channel. Existing implementations use a sub-optimal approximation to compute the channel likelihoods in the BCJR algorithm in the turbo decoder. To resolve this sub-optimality, we propose applying the BCJR algorithm on a trellis-structure with parallel transitions. This trellis structure is called a hyper-trellis. The BCJR maximum a posteriori algorithm is modified to use the hyper-trellis, and computation of the channel-likelihoods are shown to be optimal on the hyper-trellis. Simulation results show that the hyper-trellis approach can yield a 5 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Color Naming, Lens Aging, and Grue What the Optics of the Aging Eye Can Teach Us About Color Language

Many languages without separate terms for green and blue are or were spoken in locations receiving above-average exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. It has been proposed that this correlation is caused by premature lens aging. This conclusion was supported by an experiment in which younger observers used the term "blue" less often when they described simulated paint chips filtered through the equivalent of an older observer's lens-removing much short-wavelength light-than when they described the unfiltered versions of the same paint chips. Some stimuli that were called "blue" without simulated aging were called "green" when filtered. However, in the experiment reported here, we found that the proportion of "blue" color-name responses did not differ between younger subjects and older observers with known ocular media optical densities. Color naming for stimuli that were nominally green, blue-green, or blue was virtually identical for older and younger observers who viewed the same (unfiltered) stimuli. Our results are inconsistent with the lens-brunescence hypothesis.
Design of regular landscape fuel treatment patterns for modifying fire growth and behavior

Patterns of disconnected fuel treatment patches that overlap in the heading fire spread direction are theoretically effective in changing forward fire spread rate. The analysis presented here sought to find the unit shape and pattern for a given level of treatment that has the maximum effect on forward spread rate. This occurs when the treatment units cause the fire to spread through them at the same rate as it spreads around them. Simulations suggested that these treatment patterns reduce the spread rate or fireline intensity over much of the area burned, even outside the treatment units where the fire was forced to flank. The ideal patterns are theoretically scale independent, allowing for flexible application across heterogeneous landscapes. The topology of these patterns has implications for designing landscape-level fuel treatment patterns and for understanding spatial dynamics of fuel patterns across landscapes. FOR. SCI. 47(2):219-228.
Atmospheric-turbulence measurements using a synthetic beacon in the mesospheric sodium layer.

We have performed what are, to our knowledge, the first measurements of wave fronts propagated through atmospheric turbulence with the use of a synthetic beacon in the mesospheric sodium layer. The synthetic-beacon wave fronts showed reasonable agreement with those from reference stars. The sodium-layer beacon performance was also compared with that of beacons produced by Rayleigh backscatter in the 6-20-km altitude range.
On "Physical therapists' attitudes, knowledge, and practice..." Sack S, et al. Phys Ther. 2009;89:804-815.

I commend Sack and colleagues1 for studying physical therapists’ attitudes, knowledge, and practices related to obesity. Given the current concern regarding the obesity epidemic, this research is very timely. I would like to offer a different perspective on their findings and conclusions. The authors measured, among other things, physical therapists’ attitudes toward people with obesity. Respondents rated various characteristics, each of which had a positive as well as a negative anchor. The authors presented means and standard deviations as well as proportions of negative, neutral, and positive responses to summarize ratings for each set of attributes. To their …
Mindfulness-based stress reduction: a literature review and clinician's guide.

Purpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with clinical research about Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and demonstrate its usefulness for reducing stress in a variety of populations. DataSources: A literature review was conducted using the following databases: EBSCO, Cinahl, Pschyline, and Medline. English language articles published between 2000 and 2006 in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed. Search terms ‘‘mindfulness,’’ ‘‘meditation,’’ and ‘‘stress’’ were used. Additional information was obtained through select, reputable Internet sites. Conclusions: MBSR is an effective treatment for reducing stress and anxiety that accompanies daily life and chronic illness. MBSR is also therapeutic for healthcare providers, enhancing their interactions with patients. No negative side effects from MBSR have been documented. Implications for practice: MBSR is a safe, effective, integrative approach for reducing stress. Patients and healthcare providers experiencing stress or stressrelated symptoms benefit from MBSR programs. NPs can safely and effectively use this intervention in a variety of patient populations.
Global geological mapping of Ganymede

Abstract We have compiled a global geological map of Ganymede that represents the most recent understanding of the satellite based on Galileo mission results. This contribution builds on important previous accomplishments in the study of Ganymede utilizing Voyager data and incorporates the many new discoveries that were brought about by examination of Galileo data. We discuss the material properties of geological units defined utilizing a global mosaic of the surface with a nominal resolution of 1 km/pixel assembled by the USGS with the best available Voyager and Galileo regional coverage and high resolution imagery (100–200 m/pixel) of characteristic features and terrain types obtained by the Galileo spacecraft. We also use crater density measurements obtained from our mapping efforts to examine age relationships amongst the various defined units. These efforts have resulted in a more complete understanding of the major geological processes operating on Ganymede, especially the roles of cryovolcanic and tectonic processes in the formation of might materials. They have also clarified the characteristics of the geological units that comprise the satellite’s surface, the stratigraphic relationships of those geological units and structures, and the geological history inferred from those relationships. For instance, the characteristics and stratigraphic relationships of dark lineated material and reticulate material suggest they represent an intermediate stage between dark cratered material and light material units.
Nanoscale magnetic sensing using spin qubits in diamond

The ability to sense nanotelsa magnetic fields with nanoscale spatial resolution is an outstanding technical challenge relevant to the physical and biological sciences. For example, detection of such weak localized fields will enable sensing of magnetic resonance signals from individual electron or nuclear spins in complex biological molecules and the readout of classical or quantum bits of information encoded in an electron or nuclear spin memory. Here we present a novel approach to nanoscale magnetic sensing based on coherent control of an individual electronic spin contained in the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond. At room temperature, using an ultra-pure diamond sample, we achieve shot-noise-limited detection of 3 nanotesla magnetic fields oscillating at kHz frequencies after 100 seconds of signal averaging. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate nanoscale resolution using a diamond nanocrystal of 30 nm diameter for which we achieve a sensitivity of 0.5 microtesla / Hz 1/2 .
A semi-empirical model for the AlGaAs/GaAs HBT long- term current instability

This paper develops a semi-empirical model for predicting the AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) long-term current instability and mean time to failure (MTTF). The model involves the use of device physics as well as several empirical parameters which need to be determined from the pre- and post-burn-in data measured from a particular stress condition (i.e., stress temperature, current density, and time). Once these parameters are found, the model can then be used to predict the HBT reliability for various stress conditions. Experimental and modeling fitting for diAerent HBTs subjected to thermal stress of 100‐3008C and current stress of 10 4 to 5 10 4 A/ cm 2 are included in support of the model. # 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.