cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Understanding the impact of effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions on patients, families and the healthcare system is necessary to inform efforts to improve healthcare quality and control costs. Building on previous research suggesting that improving adherence may have far-reaching benefits, the objective of this study was to quantify the impact of effective adherence promotion interventions for children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition on patients, families and the healthcare system. Methods Authors systematically reviewed articles indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL to identify randomized controlled trials of paediatric adherence promotion interventions. Interventions that improved paediatric adherence and examined patient-level, family-level or healthcare system-level outcomes in children and adolescents (M age ≤ 18 years) with a chronic medical condition were included. Two authors independently extracted and classified outcome variables as patient-level (quality of life and disease-related activity restrictions), micro-level (family functioning, family conflict, caregiver quality of life, caregiver sleep interruption, caregiver days away from work and patient missed school days) or macro-level variables (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, outpatient visits and urgent care visits). Outcome variables detailed in previously published reviews (i.e. disease severity) were excluded. Results Twenty studies representing 19 unique samples met inclusion criteria. An additional eight articles representing trials that did not significantly improve adherence were included in post hoc analyses. Compared with control interventions, effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions improved patient quality of life and family-level outcomes and decreased healthcare utilization among children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition. Conclusions Interdisciplinary efforts to improve healthcare quality and reduce spending among children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition may be enhanced by incorporating effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions. As relatively few chronic medical conditions were represented in included studies, future research should examine the impact of paediatric adherence promotion interventions in other populations.
“Doubts still assail me”: Uncertainty and the Making of the Primitive Baptist Self in the Antebellum United States

Though forged in the fires of the early nineteenth-century evangelical revivals, Primitive Baptists became the most significant opponents of the burgeoning antebellum evangelical movement. The Primitives were Calvinists who despised missionaries, Sunday schools, Bible tract societies, and the other accoutrements of evangelical Protestantism. This article contends that a feeling of uncertainty dominated Primitive Baptists' lives, catalyzed their movement's rise, and fueled their strident opposition to the theological and organizational changes shaping churches across the country. For Primitive Baptists, it was their questioning--especially their experience of persistent doubt--that set them apart from evangelicals. The uncertainty that colored Primitive Baptist selfhood motivated believers rather than paralyzed them. It propelled them toward a community of like-minded souls, and it stirred those souls to action as a more ardent brand of evangelical Protestantism crowded church pews. It is in the Primitives' uncertain selves--not in their theology or their socio-economic condition--that we find the most compelling explanation of their movement's unlikely rise.
Modelling knowledge and action in distributing systems: preliminary report

We present a formal model that captures the subtle interaction between knowledge and action in distributed systems. We view a distributed system as a set of runs, where a run is a function from time to global states and a global state is a tuple consisting of an environment state and a local state for each process in the system. This model is a generalization of those used in many previous papers. Actions in this model are associated with functions from global states to global states. A protocol is a function from local states to actions. We extend the standard notion of a protocol by defining knowledge-based protocols, ones in which a process' actions may depend explicitly on its knowledge. Knowledge-based protocols provide a natural way of describing how actions should take place in a distributed system. Finally, we show how the notion of one protocol implementing another can be captured in our model.
Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion Are Enhanced by Depletion of Rap1 GTPase-activating Protein (Rap1GAP)

The functional significance of the widespread down-regulation of Rap1 GTPase-activating protein (Rap1GAP), a negative regulator of Rap activity, in human tumors is unknown. Here we show that human colon cancer cells depleted of Rap1GAP are endowed with more aggressive migratory and invasive properties. Silencing Rap1GAP enhanced the migration of confluent and single cells. In the latter, migration distance, velocity, and directionality were increased. Enhanced migration was a consequence of increased endogenous Rap activity as silencing Rap expression selectively abolished the migration of Rap1GAP-depleted cells. ROCK-mediated cell contractility was suppressed in Rap1GAP-depleted cells, which exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology and abundant membrane protrusions. Tumor cells can switch between Rho/ROCK-mediated contractility-based migration and Rac1-mediated mesenchymal motility. Strikingly, the migration of Rap1GAP-depleted, but not control cells required Rac1 activity, suggesting that loss of Rap1GAP alters migratory mechanisms. Inhibition of Rac1 activity restored membrane blebbing and increased ROCK activity in Rap1GAP-depleted cells, suggesting that Rac1 contributes to the suppression of contractility. Collectively, these findings identify Rap1GAP as a critical regulator of aggressive tumor cell behavior and suggest that the level of Rap1GAP expression influences the migratory mechanisms that are operative in tumor cells.
Evidence for the efficacy of low-dose diuretic monotherapy

Diuretic monotherapy has been recommended by the fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V) as a preferred initial treatment for hypertension. Thiazide diuretics are commonly used to treat hypertension because of their demonstrated efficacy, favorable safety profile, low acquisition cost, and their proven ability to reduce blood pressure-related morbidity and mortality. Oncedaily low-dose hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/ day) or chlorthalidone (15 mg/day) effectively reduces blood pressure in patients with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension in comparison with placebo. Blood pressure reductions with lowdose hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone are comparable to that achieved with higher doses (25 and 50 mg/day). Additional blood pressure reductions can be attained with concomitant use of once-daily low-dose hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, a β blocker, or a calcium antagonist. Once-daily low-dose hydrochlorothiazide provides clinically meaningful blood pressure lowering while minimizing adverse effects, such as electrolyte disturbances, cholesterol elevations, and increases in serum uric acid levels.
Odontogenic infection leading to adult respiratory distress syndrome.

l o c Odontogenic infections causing life-threatening complications have been relatively infrequent since the advent of modern antibiotic therapy. However, such infections occasionally still spread into the deep fascial spaces and cause serious sequelae. The authors report an unusual case of an odontogenic infection that subsequently led to the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Sex differences in physiological and affective responses to stress in remitted depression.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations in stress physiology. Severe melancholic depression is characterized by hypercortisolism, but community dwelling mildly depressed individuals and those with remitted MDD have shown reduced or normal reactivity to stress. There are also pronounced sex differences both in the incidence of MDD and in stress reactivity. To explore the relationships among depression history, sex differences, and stress, we examined stress reactivity in people with and without a history of MDD. Twenty-two participants with remitted MDD (12 men and 10 women) and 36 never depressed comparison participants (22 men and 14 women) participated in the study. Cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA) were sampled from saliva before, 10 min after, and 30 min after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Participants filled out the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after they underwent the TSST. Women with remitted MDD showed reduced cortisol response to the TSST compared with the never MDD women, while men with remitted MDD showed comparable cortisol reactivity to the never depressed men. The groups did not differ on sAA reactivity to stress. The remitted MDD group (overall and men and women separately) reported greater negative affect both before and after stress compared to the never depressed group. Women from both groups reported greater post-stress negative affect than men. In contrast, men from both groups reported higher positive affect before and after stress than women. Given that the sex difference findings were not dependent on depression history, self-reported affective differences in response to stress may predate depressive symptoms and contribute to sex differences in depression incidence.
A Spectroradiometer for the Spectral Region of Biological Photosensitivity

The instrument described was specifically designed for measurement of the spectral irradiance of lighting in experimental plant growth chambers. However, without modification it is usable for experimental light source measurements and for illumination engineering applications. The spectroradiometer is basically composed of a motor-driven grating monochromator with suitably adapted multiplier phototube, amplifier, and strip chart recorder. The spectral region covered extends from 350 nm in the near uv to 850 nm in the near ir. Included here is a discussion of the desirable characteristics of spectroradiometers for this application.
Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prostate specific antigen and prostate volume.

Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin prevent cardiovascular disease and several prior studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also decrease prostate inflammation and prostate cancer risk. We investigated the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, prostate specific antigen and prostate volume, hypothesizing that there would be lower prostate specific antigen and prostate volume with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.Materials and Methods: The Nashville Men's Health Study uses a multicenter, rapid recruitment protocol to collect clinical, biological, behavioral and body measurement data on 1,277 men older than 40 years who are scheduled for diagnostic prostate biopsy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was ascertained by survey and clinical interview. Medical charts were reviewed to ascertain current prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and clinical diagnoses following biopsy.Results: Approximately 46% of patients reported rec...
Wounds and their complications

Abstract The treatment of the various types of incised, contused and infected wounds is notoriously poor in a large percentage of our hospitals as well as in private practice. Disfigurement, mutilation and even death daily express the widespread failure to appreciate and apply the simple principles underlying the surgery of traumatism and infection. Methods of treatment for incised, contused and infected wounds are described and errors illustrated by concrete examples. The selection and application of sutures, ligatures, antiseptics and dressings are indicated and the great danger from transfusing babies mentioned. Methods of preventing or aborting infectious processes are given. Common tragedies from intervention in Class 11 infections and from the mishandling of drains are emphasized and attention is directed to the faulty use of skin grafts.
Variable contributions of basic residues forming an APC exosite in the binding and inactivation of factor VIIIa.

Basic residues contained in the 39-, 60-, and 70–80-loops of activated protein C (APC) comprise an exosite that contributes to the binding and subsequent proteolytic inactivation of factor (F) VIIIa. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that WT APC bound to FVIII light chain (LC) and the FVIIIa A1/A3C1C2 dimer with equivalent affinity (Kd = 525 and 546 nM, respectively). These affinity values may reflect binding interactions to the acidic residue-rich a1 and a3 segments adjacent to A1 domain in the A1/A3C1C2 and A3 domain in LC, respectively. Results from SPR, using a panel of APC exosite variants where basic residues were mutated, in binding to immobilized FVIIIa A1/A3C1C2 or LC indicated ∼4–10-fold increases in the Kd values relative to WT for several of the variants including Lys39Ala, Lys37-Lys38-Lys39/Pro-Gln-Glu, and Arg67Ala. On the other hand, a number of APC variants including Lys38Ala, Lys62Ala, and Lys78Ala showed little if any change in binding affinity to the FVIII substrates. FXa generatio...
Exploiting and Maintaining Materialized Views for XML Keyword Queries

Keyword query is a user-friendly mechanism for retrieving useful information from XML data in Web and scientific applications. Inspired by the performance benefits of exploiting materialized views when processing structured queries, we investigate the feasibility and present a general framework for answering XML keyword queries using materialized views. Then we develop an XML keyword search engine that leverages materialized views for query evaluation and maintains materialized views incrementally upon XML data update. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the significance and efficiency of our approach.
The Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome. Pseudotumor Cerebri, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Benign Intracranial Hypertension and Related Conditions

The Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome. Pseudotumor Cerebri, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Benign Intracranial Hypertension and Related Conditions By Ian Johnston, Brain Owler, John Pickard New York: Cambridge University Press Copyright © 2007, p. 365 Price: $160.00 This is a comprehensive review textbook on pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) written by three clinicians, Ian Johnston, Brain Owler, and John Pickard, all with extensive experience of this syndrome. This is an informative monograph that addresses both theoretical deliberations and practical clinical aspects. The book is well organized, beginning with a brief introductory chapter and then going on to a detailed description of the …
Large scale front dynamics for turbulent reaction-diffusion equations with separated velocity scales

Simplified effective equations for the large scale front propagation of turbulent reaction-diffusion equations are developed here in the simplest prototypical situation involving advection by turbulent velocity fields with two separated scales. A rigorous theory for large scale front propagation is developed, utilizing PDE techniques for viscosity solutions together with homogenization theory for Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The subtle issues regarding the validity of a Huygens principle for the effective large scale front propagation as well as elementary upper and lower bounds on the propagating front are developed in this paper. Simple examples involving small scale periodic shear layers are also presented here; they indicate that these elementary upper and lower bounds on front propagation are sharp. One important consequence of the theory developed in this paper is that the authors are able to write down and rigorously justify the appropriate renormalized effective large scale front equations for premixed turbulent combustion with two-scale incompressible velocity fields within the thermal-diffusive approximation without any ad hoc approximations.
The mouse gene for the inducible G-protein-coupled receptor edg-1.

Abstract Edg-1,an immediate-early gene induced during thein vitrodifferentiation of human endothelial cells, encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) that signals via the Gi/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway (Lee, M.-J., Evans, M., and Hla, T. (1996)J. Biol. Chem.271, 11272–11279). It is a prototypical member of the subfamily of “orphan” receptors that are expressed in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In this report, the mouseedg-1gene was cloned and sequenced, and its expression patterns were defined. Theedg-1transcript was expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues including the brain, lung, liver, heart, and spleen. However, during embryogenesis, theedg-1mRNA was induced late in development (after Embryonic Day 15.5) at centers of ossification. As a first step toward understanding the molecular basis of tissue-specific and inducible expression, the mouseedg-1gene and its promoter were characterized. The mouseedg-1gene is composed of two exons and is 4.9 kb in length. The second exon is large and contains the entire coding region and the 3′-untranslated region. Theedg-1promoter is TATA-less and contains GC-rich elements, and transcription initiation occurs from a single start site. The 5′-flanking region of the promoter contains several enhancer elements. However, the activity of the 5′-flanking region was suppressed by the repressor activity within the first intron. These data provide the basis for the further characterization of the regulation of the orphan GPRedg-1.
A magnetochemical series. Part II

Abstract The recently constructed magnetochemical series for weak field anionic ligands, based on a sensitive ranking of the degree of admixture in S = 3 2 , 5 2 spin state complexes of the type FeX(porphyrin) and FeX(phthalocyanin), can be extended to stronger field ligands X− by considering zero field splitting and spin crossover information available in the iron porphyrin literature. This leads to the ligand field strength ordering
Relation of serum lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins to obesity in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Abstract Background. The relationship of serum lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins to obesity was studied in a biracial sample of 2,816 children of ages 5–17 in Bogalusa, Louisiana. Methods. Two measures of obesity were used: fatness (subscapular skinfold thickness) and fat centrality (the ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness). Plasma insulin and glucose were included as metabolic markers related to obesity. Results. The obesity associations were relatively strong with insulin (rs = 0.29, P Conclusion. These results indicate that serum very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels are directly and independently related to obesity. The well-known inverse association between obesity and serum HDL-C is not independent, but secondary to the elevated VLDL or triglyceride levels associated with obesity. While associations of obesity and lipoprotein cholesterol are found, far fewer occur with apolipoproteins, especially Apo A-I. Interesting race and sex differences in the relationship of obesity to serum lipoproteins and apoproteins are noted, being greater among white children and more consistent in white males.
Perimenstrual migraines: Are they different from migraines in general?

Differences between menstrually related migraine (MRM) and non-MRM are subtle. Preconception that population-based trials do not show differences, but that clinic-based trials showed severe, longer, and clinically refractory menstrual migraines, turns out to be simplistic. This review examines studies comparing and contrasting MRM and non-MRM. All of the pertinent studies show increase of migraine around menses. A judicious reading of the studies suggests that MRM is probably more severe in pain intensity than non-MRM. MRM is more disabling than non-MRM. MRM in clinics is more likely to have both worse prodrome and nausea. A significant subset of MRM patients has poorer response to acute medication. Overall, it appears that MRM is more severe than non-MRM when considering population-and clinic-based studies, with slightly but clinically meaningfully worse intensity, duration, disability, prodrome, nausea, and response to acute medications. Clinicians must have compassion and skill to manage patients with MRM.
Low sediment accumulation rates and erosion on the middle and outer Nile delta shelf off Egypt

Abstract The Nile delta and its contiguous continental margin seaward of Egypt form the major sediment repository on the North African margin. Together they constitute an integral depositional system. Man has increasingly modified the delta since pre-Dynastic time, but most extensively this century by the emplacement of two dams across the Nile at Aswan, in upper Egypt. Sediment once transported by the Nile river to the coast is now almost cut off, and it is postulated that changes induced by man are likely to impact on sedimentation in distal sectors beyond the coast and inner continental shelf. Continued anthropogenic modification of the delta is expected to result in the increased erosion of the surficial sediment cover of the middle and outer Nile delta shelf. Eddy flow patterns, mapped by others, show the interrelation of bottom currents on the mid- and inner shelf. Thus, in designing engineering projects on the Nile delta and Sinai margin, it would be useful to monitor depositional changes seaward of the inner shelf.
Reliability of cervical range of motion using the OSI CA 6000 spine motion analyser on asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects.

Cervical range of motion (ROM) is evaluated in both clinical and research settings. This study's purpose was to determine if ROM data obtained with the OSI CA 6000 Spine Motion Analyser (SMA) from asymptomatic and symptomatic cervical subjects were reliable within and between testers. Cervical ROM was measured in all three planes in 30 adult asymptomatic and 20 adult symptomatic subjects. A standardized protocol was used to fit each subject with the OSI SMA cervical hardware. Subjects were tested in a seated position with the trunk stabilized. Subjects performed four trials of each pain-free cervical motion during testing. The hardware was completely removed and replaced by the same tester and ROM trials in all three planes were repeated for intratester asymptomatic and symptomatic reliability. The same procedure was completed by a second tester for asymptomatic intratester and intertester reliability. Repeated measures analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1 and 2 k]) were used to analyse intra- and intertester reliability data. Intratester ICCs were 0.85 or higher (except for flexion 0.76) for asymptomatic subjects and 0. 87 or higher (except for flexion 0.68) for symptomatic subjects for all motions. Intertester ICCs were 0.88 or higher for all motions. Standard error of measurements were less than 3.92 degrees for all motions. Measures of cervical spinal ROM obtained with the OSI SMA showed good intertester reliablity for all motions, and good intratester reliability for all motions with the exception of the motion of flexion for one of the examiners, which showed moderate reliability.
The structure of nanocrystalline Fe, W and NiAl powders prepared by high-energy ball-milling

Abstract Fourier analysis of the proflies of the peaks in the powder patterns of Fe, W and NiAl yielded particle sizes as low as 35 A and strains as high as 1.10% after mechanical working in a high-energy ball-mill. The atomic distribution functions G(r), determined from the entire diffraction patterns, showed no significant peaks beyond 35 to 50 A. Micron size powders of Fe, W and NiAl were mechanically worked in a high-energy ball-mill for milling times up to 100 h. The diffraction patterns were recorded with Co and Mo Ka radiation and a Ge solid state detector. Using the Warren-Averbach method, the sizes 〈D〉 and DI of the coherently diffracting domains (x-ray particle size) were determined from the slopes and sums of the particle size Fourier coefficients, respectively, and the root-mean-square strains 〈(eL)2〉 1 2 were calculated from strain coefficients as a function of L. The diffraction patterns in the range of Q = 4π(sin θ) λ = 1 to 15 A −l were used to evaluate the total structure factors I(Q) and the reduced atomic distribution functions G(r).
Wnt-Mediated Regulation of Chondrocyte Maturation: Modulation by TGF-β

Wnt proteins are expressed during limb morphogenesis, yet their role and mechanism of action remains unclear during long bone growth. Wnt expression, effects and modulation of signaling events by BMP and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were evaluated in chick embryonic chondrocytes. Chondrocyte cell cultures underwent spontaneous maturation with increased expression of colX and this was associated with an increase in the expression of multiple Wnts, including Wnt 4, 5a, 8c, and 9a. Both parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and TGF-beta inhibited colX, but had disparate effects on Wnt expression. While TGF-beta strongly inhibited all Wnts, PTHrP did not inhibit either Wnt8c or Wnt9a and had lesser effects on the expression of the other Wnts. BMP-2 induced colX expression, and also markedly increased Wnt8c expression. Overexpression of beta-catenin and/or T cell factor (TCF)-4 also induced the type X collagen promoter. Overexpression of Wnt8c induced maturation, as did overexpression of beta-catenin. The Wnt8c/beta-catenin maturational effects were enhanced by BMP-2 and inhibited by TGF-beta. TGF-beta also inhibited activation of the Topflash reporter by beta-catenin, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect since the Topflash reporter contains only beta-catenin binding sequences. In turn beta-catenin inhibited activation of the p3TP-Luc reporter by TGF-beta, although the effect was partial. Thus, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is a critical regulator of the rate of chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, this pathway is modulated by members of the TGF-beta family and demonstrates the highly integrated nature of signals controlling endochondral ossification.
DIRECT COUNTING AND SIZING OF MITOCHONDRIA IN SOLUTION

Resistive particle counting has been developed for the accurate sizing and counting of mitochondria in solution. The normal detection limit with a 30 µ aperture is 0.48 µ diameter, or 0.056 µ3 particle volume The mean volume of rat liver mitochondria was 0.42 µ3 or 0.93 µ in diameter. The average value for numbers of particles per milligram of mitochondrial protein was 4.3 x 103, and per gram of rat liver was about 11 x 1010. These values compare satisfactorily with those derived by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The mean volume for mitochondria from rat heart was 0 60 µ3 and from rat kidney cortex, 0.23 µ3. These values agree within 15% of those determined by electron microscopy of whole tissue. Mitochondrial fragility and contaminating subcellular organelles were shown to have little influence on the experimentally determined size distributions The technique may be applied to rapid swelling studies, as well as to estimations of the number and size of mitochondria from animals under different conditions such as liver regeneration and hormonal, pathological, or drug-induced states Mitochondrial DNA, RNA, cytochrome c-oxidase, cytochrome (a ÷ a3), and iron were nearly constant per particle over large differences in particle size. Such data may be particularly valuable for biogenesis studies and support the hypothesis that the net amount per particle of certain mitochondrial constituents remains constant during mitochondrial growth and enlargement
Microcosms for Aquifer Research: Application to Colonization of Various Sized Particles by Ground‐Water Microorganisms

Flow-through microcosms were constructed to conduct ecological experiments on aquifer organisms. The two 5-channel microcosms were simple to construct, were fed by an artesian spring, and maintained close to in situ temperature and O2 concentrations. They were used to test relative microbial colonization of three substrate sizes: silt (0.063 mm), sand (0.9 mm), and gravel (3 mm). After 96 days of incubation, O2 microelectrode measurements revealed the lowest O2 tension in the silt, the highest in the gravel, and intermediate values in the sand. Microbial activity (3[H]-thymidine incorporation) was greatest in the gravel, followed by sand and then silt. Denitrification was greatest in the silt, followed by sand and then gravel. Microbial activity may be greatest with the largest particle size because of increased water exchange through pores, and denitrification may be greatest with the smallest particle sizes because of the occurrence of anaerobic microzones.
Free Fatty Acid Composition of Human and Rat Peripheral Nerve

The free fatty acid (FFA) composition of peripheral nerve resembles that of erythrocytes but the composition of both is different from that of brain and other tissues. Approximately 75% of FFAs of nerve and erythrocytes are saturated and less than 5% are polyunsaturated whereas in brain and other tissues, 30-45% of FFAs are saturated and 25-50% are polyunsaturated. Approximately 10-15% of the total FFA of nerve have very long chain lengths [C24, C26, C28, and C30]. The presence of these very long-chain FFAs in endoneurium cannot be accounted for by the retention of erythrocytes or by lipid degradation. During Wallerian degeneration a significant increase of 18:1, associated with a decrease of saturated FFAs, was found in rat sciatic endoneurium, but normal values were approached when fiber regeneration was well under way. The FFA composition with chain length greater than or equal to C26 were not, however, significantly altered with degeneration or repair of nerves. The metabolic significance of this striking difference between nerve and brain FFA composition is unknown but may reflect different functional properties.
Central nervous system abnormalities in trisomy E (17-18) syndrome.

Abstract Neuropathological findings in 11 cases of Trisomy E (17–18) syndrome included abnormalities of isocortical gyral pattern, hippocampus, lateral geniculate, cuneus, basis pontis, and inferior olivary nuclei. Other abnormalities including cerebellar dysplasias and heterotopias, cerebral heterotopias, and leptomeningeal glial islands, while present, were considered to be less specific.
The Cost of Seeking Shelter: How Inaccessibility Leads to Women’s Underutilization of Emergency Shelter

Emergency shelter is considered the “point of entry” into the social service system for homeless individuals. Despite the benefits of using emergency shelter, many homeless individuals remain unsheltered. The author argues that it is not enough for services to be available to the homeless. These services must also be accessible so that homeless individuals obtain the benefits they provide. Qualitative interviews with homeless women (N = 39) revealed that the inaccessibility of emergency shelter, despite the availability of it, discouraged women from seeking and attaining shelter. Interventions that address barriers to accessing services will encourage more homeless women to seek and use shelter.
Integrated Schools in Northern Ireland: Education for Peace and Reconciliation.

(2008). Integrated Schools in Northern Ireland: Education for Peace and Reconciliation. Childhood Education: Vol. 84, International Focus Issue 2008: Bullying and Violence Issues in Children's Lives: Examining the Issues and Solutions, pp. 351-356.
Computer graphics generated from the iteration of algebraic transformations in the complex plane

Abstract Algorithms for the generation of intricate shapes resulting from the iteration of algebraic transformations are presented. A special convergence test makes possible the production of a visually striking class of displayable objects. Several illustrations are chosen as examples of the diversity of forms which result from this technique.
A comparison of Two-Poisson, inverse document frequency and discrimination value models of document representation

Abstract In this paper we present a comparison of the Two-Poisson (2P), Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) and Discrimination Value (DV) models of document representation. The first objective of the study was to understand the nature of the relationship between the term property underlying the 2P model and the other statistical properties of index terms that we known about: discrimination value and inverse document frequency. The second objective was to compare the properties with respect to the feature of ultimate interest, i.e., retrieval effectiveness. The study showed that 2P and IDF properties work in parallel, while 2P and DV have a negative relationship. An explanation for this negative correlation was given by viewing the distribution of inter document dissimilarities. In the retrieval experiment most of the 2P strategies tested acheived the same performance level as the DV and IDF strategies. The important conclusion made from this study is that despite the fact that the 2P model is extremely selective in its choice of indexing vocabulary for a database, it still performs with the same effectiveness as the more traditional models. The overall contribution of this work is in the area of understanding features that influence the indexing potential of terms.
Cell alkalinization is not necessary and increased sodium influx is not sufficient for stimulated superoxide production.

Abstract Preincubation of rabbit neutrophils for 5 min with the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 causes inhibition of the rise in intracellular pH but not the increase in Na + influx or stimulated oxidative burst produced by the chemotactic factor formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. On the other hand, the stimulated superoxide production, but not the increase in Na + influx produced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, is inhibited by H7. The effect is more pronounced on the rate than the extent of the stimulated superoxide release. Furthermore, cell acidification produced by the phorbol ester but not by the chemotactic factor is decreased in the presence of H7. These results suggest that (i) most of the stimulated Na + influx is not coupled to H + efflux, (ii) in the case of the chemoattractant, the rise in intracellular pH is not necessary for stimulated superoxide production, (iii) the increase in Na + influx, in the case of the phorbol ester, is not sufficient for the stimulation of the oxidative burst, and (iv) the sources of the H + responsible for the stimulated pH drop are the various metabolic activities of the cell, including NADPH oxidation and activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt.
Precipitation Identification from Radar Wind Profiler Spectral Moment Data: Vertical Velocity Histograms, Velocity Variance, and Signal Power–Vertical Velocity Correlations

Abstract Correlations between range-corrected signal power Src and radial vertical velocity Vr, from the vertical beam of a UHF wind profiler can be used to distinguish between air- and precipitation-dominated echoes using an Src–Vr correlation diagram. While there is no clear correlation between vertical air motions and Src, there is a strong correlation between the precipitation fall velocity and Src in snow, and to a lesser extent, in rain. This is illustrated through intercomparison of three types of precipitation events, and two types of clear-air events. Using a histogram of Vr, from an event where there is evidence of precipitation in its Src–Vr correlation diagram, and from other information, it is possible to objectively determine a threshold value of Vr, referred to as VT, that approximately identifies which measurements are dominated by Rayleigh scattering from precipitation in that event. A method is introduced that uses the histogram of observed Vr, from that event to provide an estimate of h...
Complex Vector Load Flow

ABSTRACT A complex vector approach to the load flow problem with two important and unique contributions is presented. Traditionally, the intermediate calculations for the Newton-Raphson solution of the load flow problem require operations on elements of matrices (as opposed to operating on vectors themselves). In this approach all intermediate calculations are performed by conventional vector operations plus one other operation. Therefore, only a specific set of operations requires optimization to make the entire algorithm more efficient. This is particularly useful for array processor applications and dedicated VLSI circuitry. In addition, this approach allows far easy inclusion of tap changing transformers and phase shifters into the analysis. A more concise and understandable load flow problem Statement is presented, which ultimately results in dramatic improvements in computation efficiency, making microcomputers able to perform load flow calculations faster than minicomputers.
Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action

Our understanding of thyroid hormone action has been substantially altered by recent clinical observations of thyroid signaling defects in syndromes of hormone resistance and in a broad range of conditions, including profound mental retardation, obesity, metabolic disorders, and a number of cancers. The mechanism of thyroid hormone action has been informed by these clinical observations as well as by animal models and has influenced the way we view the role of local ligand availability; tissue and cell-specific thyroid hormone transporters, corepressors, and coactivators; thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoform-specific action; and cross-talk in metabolic regulation and neural development. In some cases, our new understanding has already been translated into therapeutic strategies, especially for treating hyperlipidemia and obesity, and other drugs are in development to treat cardiac disease and cancer and to improve cognitive function.
Characterization of the dynamic range of a single aperture communications system

A resonant antenna displays passive intermodulation related to antenna vibrations at levels that impact communications systems. A non-resonant antenna was immune to structure vibrations. Both antennas were of solid construction with thick metalization and did not exhibit electro-thermal passive intermodulation distortion previously observed with microstrip structures. The ultimate dynamic ranges of two antennas are explored using a measurement system with a dynamic range of 98 dB at one hertz offset from a 30 dBm, 500 MHz transmit signal. This increased to 140 dB when the separation increased to 100 Hz.
Evolutionary Rate in the Protein Interaction Network

High-throughput screens have begun to reveal the protein interaction network that underpins most cellular functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. How the organization of this network affects the evolution of the proteins that compose it is a fundamental question in molecular evolution. We show that the connectivity of well-conserved proteins in the network is negatively correlated with their rate of evolution. Proteins with more interactors evolve more slowly not because they are more important to the organism, but because a greater proportion of the protein is directly involved in its function. At sites important for interaction between proteins, evolutionary changes may occur largely by coevolution, in which substitutions in one protein result in selection pressure for reciprocal changes in interacting partners. We confirm one predicted outcome of this process-namely, that interacting proteins evolve at similar rates.
Predictive validity of the emotional accuracy research scale

This study was designed to assess the predictive validity of the Emotional Accuracy Research Scale [EARS; Intelligence 22 (1996) 89], a performance measure of emotional intelligence that has the benefit of being relatively practical to administer. Participants included 40 individually run undergraduate students who first completed the EARS and five self-report measures of trait empathy. Participants then engaged in a relatively realistic emotion-judgment task; they were asked to assess the emotions of six target individuals whose discussions of emotional issues were included in a videotape. Compared with their scores on the trait-empathy measures, participants' scores on the EARS were generally more predictive of accurately detecting the emotions of targets, thus providing evidence of the EARS' predictive validity as a measure of emotional intelligence. Measurement issues concerning emotional intelligence are discussed.
Amplify this! DNA and RNA get a third base pair

DNA containing a new unnatural base pair may be amplified by PCR and transcribed into RNA, potentially increasing the diversity available from nucleic acids.
NEW DETERMINATION OF THE P' REGGE TRAJECTORY INTERCEPT.

A precise value of the ${P}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ Regge-trajectory intercept at $t=0$ is calculated using a modified form of the Igi sum rule and new data on pion-nucleon total cross sections.
Adolescent Dating Violence in Context: Introduction and Overview

This article introduces the first part of a two-part special issue featuring new directions in research on adolescent dating violence. The articles in this issue cohere around the theme of contextual factors that increase the risk of intimate partner aggression in the teenage years. Contextual factors of focus by the contributors to this issue include exposure to violence in the media, ethnic diversity, gender dynamics, affective meaning, and psychiatric institutionalization. Taken together, the work presented in this special issue helps to shed new light on the “dark side of courtship” (Lloyd & Emery, 2000) and to broaden our understanding of the contexts that increase the risk of adolescent dating aggression.
Nd substitution in Y/Ba sites in melt processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-d through Nd 2 O 3 additions

YBa2Cu3O7− δ (Y123) samples with excess Nd2O3 and Y2O3 additions in the same molar ratios were melt textured in air. In the Nd-doped samples, in addition to Y ion site substitution, partial substitution into the Ba2+ sites is anticipated because of the similar ionic sizes of Nd3+ and Ba2+. The microstructure, Tc, and magnetic properties of Nd-doped samples were analyzed and compared with undoped Y123 and samples with excess Y2O3. The Nd2O3 additions lead to significant magnetization improvements, likely due to both rare earth- and Ba-site substitution by the doped Nd3+ ions, and to increases in Tc. Y2O3 additions resulted in no marked property enhancement.
Uncollaring the Criminal Understanding Criminal Careers of Criminal Clerics

Much of the extant work on criminal careers has been conducted on longitudinal samples of children and adolescents in the general population or on samples of officially processed offenders. The researchers herein examined key criminal career dimensions among a large sample of clerics who had allegations of sexual abuse levied against them between the years 1950 and 2002. Results indicate that although some of the clerics' criminal career parameters evince similar patterns to those from other offender samples, there are important differences with respect to onset, career duration, and recidivism. In addition, previously abused clerics as well as clerics who exhibited an early onset of abuse were more likely to accumulate police investigations, whereas married clerics were more likely than nonmarried clerics to evince a higher number of police investigations. Implications and future research directions are outlined.
Amazonian lowland, white sand areas as ancestral regions for South American biodiversity: Biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns in Potalia (Angiospermae: Gentianaceae)

Abstract Present-day white sand areas in South America are thought to be relictual areas of earlier, widespread habitats now covered by more recent sediments mainly from the Andean orogeny. These ancient, nutrient-poor areas have been suggested to be possible ancestral regions for neotropical plant diversity. Members of the genus Potalia of the Gentianaceae grow in the New World tropics from Costa Rica in the north to southern Bolivia. Until recently, only one Potalia species was accepted, but a new revision identifies eight others. Three species are endemic to lowland, white sand areas in the Amazon and Orinoco basins and share morphological characteristics with Anthocleista , the African – Malagasy sister group to Potalia . To resolve phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns in Potalia , morphological characters and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the 5S non-transcribed spacer (5S-NTS) of the ribosomal nuclear DNA were collected and used for phylogenetic reconstruction using Bayesian and parsimony-based methods. Potalia species restricted to ancient, nutrient-poor white sand areas of the Amazon Basin and Guayana Shield were placed basal to other Potalia taxa from finer, lateritic, and younger soils, further suggesting that lowland white sand areas may be ancestral seats of neotropical diversity.
The recurrent collaterals of Purkinje cell axons: a correlated study of the rat's cerebellar cortex with electron microscopy and the Golgi method.

Each Purkinje cell axon with its recurrent collaterals occupies a roughly triangular space in the folium, apex pointed towards the white matter and base against the Purkinje cell layer. The axon is smooth initially but develops distensions that become more obvious at twists and turns and at points where collaterals originate. These thin, finely beaded collaterals make characteristic acute angles with the axon from which they issue. The collaterals bifurcate further, their terminal branches becoming more varicose, intertwining with each other to form plexuses in the molecular and granular layers. These fiber plexuses are found in three locations: (1) the recurrent collateral plexus in the granular layer which synapses with dendrites and somata of deep Golgi II neurons; (2) the profuse infraganglionic plexus, boutons of which terminate in relation with the somata and dendrites of Purkinje cells and Lugaro cells, in addition to participating in other complex synaptic arrangements in the neuropil; (3) the sparse supraganglionic plexus which forms synapses with dendrites of Purkinje cells and occasionally with basket cells.
Evaluation of 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]loctane Analogs of 4-Anilidopiperidine Analgesics

Eight analogs of the fentanyl-type analgesics, in which the piperidine ring is restricted into a boat conformation, were evaluated for analgesic activity. All analogs were less active than fentanyl, but interesting conformational and structural relationships were observed. Results of the study are discussed.
Pre‐harvest Fungal Colonization Affects Storage Life of Bing Cherry Fruit

Treatment of sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing) trees with either two mildewcide cover sprays or multiple (18) applications of topical and systemic fungicides produced cherry fruit that were either highly colonized or relatively uncolonized by fungi, respectively. Fruit from the multiple application treatment had a storage life of up to 8 weeks (7 weeks at 1-4°C plus 1 week at simulated retail temperatures of 20-21°C), whereas the commercially-managed fruits (two mildewcides) were extensively colonized by fungi and extensively decayed when stored under the same conditions. Stringent post-harvest disinfection did not significantly reduce postharvest decay, and only slightly reduced isolation frequency of fungi. The data obtained in this study suggest that the degree of pre-harvest fungal colonization is a primary determinant of the percentage of post-harvest decay, and that pre-harvest colonization can potentially be addressed by pre-and post-harvest management practices.