cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action of ddt on evoked and spontaneous activity from the rainbow trout lateral line nerve

Abstract 1. 1. Spontaneous and evoked neural activity was recorded from multifiber lateral line nerve preparations of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. 2. 2. DDT was administered to fish in water and by intravenous injection. 3. 3. DDT-treated fish demonstrated classical poisoning symptoms in the absence of abnormal lateral line nerve discharge. 4. 4. Results indicate that the frequency of spontaneous activity from the lateral line nerve does not provide a sensitive index for analyzing the neurotoxic action of DDT, and afferent activity from this nerve appears to play a minor role in acute poisoning symptoms.
The angular and energy distribution of protons from Ni58 reactions induced by 14.8 MeV neutrons

Abstract The angular and energy distributions of protons from the Ni 58 (n, p)Co 58 and Ni 58 (n, np)Co 57 reactions with 14.8 MeV neutrons were measured using a shielded multiplate camera. The results indicate that the Ni 58 (n, p) and Ni 58 (n, np) reactions occur predominantly through the formation and decay of the compound nucleus, with a small contribution from the direct interaction of the incident neutrons with protons. A semilog plot of the relative level densities calculated from the energy distribution of the protons fits two straight lines corresponding to Maxwellian distributions with temperatures of about 1.0 MeV for the Ni 58 (n, p) reaction and about 0.5 MeV for the Ni 58 (n, p) and Ni 58 (n, np) reaction. The total cross section determined from this data is 440 mb±10%.
Tomographic techniques in image and signal processing

An iterative solution is given for solving deblurring problems having nonnegativity constraints through the use of methods motivated by tomographic imaging.
Stress–strain behavior of SAN/glass bead composites above the glass transition temperature

Relaxation and stress–strain behavior of SAN–glass bead composites are studied above the glass transition temperature. The strain imposed on the polymeric matrix of the composite is defined as ϵp = ϵc/(1 − ϕ⅓). Stress relaxation data for the filled polymer which is independent of strain can be calculated by multiplying the relaxation modulus (at a certain strain) by (1 + ϵp). Stress–strain curves at constant strain rate and for different concentrations of the filler can be shifted to form a master curve independent of filler content if the tensile stress is plotted versus ϵp. The relaxation modulus increases with increasing the filler concentration and can be predicted by a modified Kerner equation at 110°C.
Block method of human temporal bone removal: A technical modification to permit rapid removal†

Objectives/Hypothesis: To describe a technical modification to the block method (BM) of harvesting human cadaveric temporal bones for otolaryngology resident education and training. Study Design: Human cadaveric study. Methods: Human cadavers previously dissected by medical students in a professional health science program were identified as potential candidate specimens for temporal bone removal. Cadaveric heads were prepared for temporal bone harvesting by excising the calvarium and brain via standard techniques. A reciprocating saw was used to make four bone cuts to harvest two temporal bone specimens. Results: Temporal bone specimens could be harvested using only four bone cuts to release both temporal bones from one human cadaver as opposed to four bone cuts for a single temporal bone per the traditional BM. All temporal bones were inspected and found to have all the anatomical landmarks necessary for resident education and training intact. Conclusions: The modified BM for temporal bone removal is a rapid, efficient, and reproducible method of harvesting two complete and intact temporal bones per cadaver with fewer bone cuts as compared to the traditional BM. Laryngoscope, 2010
A Molecular Reactivity Template for Cannabinoid Analgesic Activity

The methods of theoretical chemistry were used to characterize the molecular structure and some reactivity properties of (–)-9-nor-9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (9-nor-9β-OH-HHC), our template molecule for cannabinoid analgesia. This characterization is part of a project whose ultimate goal is the design of cannabinoid analgesics with reduced psychoactive liabilities. Our working hypothesis is that the analgesic activity of 9-nor-9β-OH-HHC is due to the presence and relative location of two regions of negative potential in the top half of the molecule. A complete conformational study of the fused ring structure of 9-nor-9β-OH-HHC was performed using the technique of molecular mechanics as encoded in the MMP2(85) program. This study revealed six accessible conformers of 9-nor-9β-OH-HHC. All six conformers were found to have the same fused ring conformation, but to differ in the position of the phenol and 9β-hydroxyl groups. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of each accessible conformer were calculated from molecular wave functions obtained with the LP-3G basis set implemented into the Gaussian 80 program. The MEP maps calculated at distances of 1.5 and 3.3 A from the molecular plane defined by the aromatic ring serve as a discriminative factor for the conformers of the studied compound. In order to quantiate the spatial relationship of the potential minima in the MEPs of each accessible conformer, points of minimum potential associated with the 9β-hydroxyl oxygen (X1 at –1.5 A and X2 at –3.3 A) and with the phenol oxygen (Y1 at 1.5 A and Y2 at –1.5 A) were identified in the MEP maps of each conformer. The distances, |;XnYn|, and the nonbonded torsion angles, Yn–O–C9–Xn, were then measured for all conformers. The accessible conformations of 9-nor-9β-OH-HHC along with their MEPs and the measurements |XnYn| and Yn–O–C9–Xn form our preliminary template for cannabinoid analgesia. Future comparisons of this template with the properties of active and inactive cannabinoid analgesics should permit the identification of the relevant conformer at the site of action of these compounds and permit the formulation of an interaction site model for the cannabinoid analgesics.
Formation of benzo(α)pyrene metabolites and DNA adducts catalyzed by a rat liver mitochondrial monooxygenase system

Abstract Sonic disrupted mitoplasts from 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) treated rats can catalize the formation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) adducts with calf thymus DNA in the presence of an NADPH generating system. The mitoplasts used in this study contained
Establishment of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by self‐seeding as affected by cutting date and degree of herbage removal in spring in pastures of the southern Great Plains of the United States

Annually sown cool-season small-grain cereal species can provide a valuable source of cool-season herbage for livestock in the southern Great Plains of the USA but limited access to field equipment for cultivation and sowing is an obstacle to their use. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (IRG) can persist through self-seeding and may offer an alternative source of cool-season herbage. The effects of cutting dates in mid-April, early May or mid- to late May following sowing in the previous September, and of removing 0·57, 0·73 or 1·00 of the herbage mass at this time, on subsequent seed deposition, seedling re-establishment and herbage production of IRG were measured. Later cutting dates reduced seed production, seed deposition, 1000-seed weight and eventual re-establishment of IRG seedlings. Removing different proportions of the herbage mass did not compensate for reduced seed deposition arising from later cutting dates. Numbers of seed heads and seed required to achieve a self-seeded target population of 500 established seedlings m−2 ranged from 885 to 5650 seed heads m−2 and 3360 to 5850 deposited viable seeds m−2. Re-establishment of IRG through self-seeding showed a failure rate of 0·43 indicating that self-seeded IRG will need periodic resowing. Any economic benefit derived from self-seeded IRG will depend heavily on the success of its rate of re-establishment.
Influence of physician specialty on outcomes after acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Specialist care has been shown to improve outcomes for several complex medical conditions. For patients with ischemic stroke, prior studies have suggested that admission to the care of neurologists is associated with better outcomes, but these studies may have incompletely controlled for confounding prognostic differences. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether admission to the care of a neurologist is associated with improvement in outcomes of stroke patients after controlling for initial prognostic differences. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Participating in the study were 113 U.S. academic hospitals. PATIENTS: Demographic and clinical data for all ischemic stroke patients admitted through emergency departments from 1997 to 1999 were collected from an administrative database. MEASUREMENTS: In traditional analyses, we evaluated attending physician specialty as a predictor of in-hospital mortality. In grouped-treatment (GT) analyses, a method based on the instrumental variable approach that bypasses selection bias, the hospital rate of stroke admission to neurologists was used as the predictor. We used generalized estimating equations for all analyses, adjusting for demographics, urgency, comorbid illness severity, and treatment volume. RESULTS: Of 26,925 ischemic stroke patients, 60% were admitted to the care of neurologists. In univariate analysis, risk of in-hospital mortality in cases admitted to neurologists (4.6%) was lower than that for those admitted to generalists (9.5%; P < .001). Adjustment for individual-level characteristics did not alter the association (0.60 OR, 95% CI, 0.50–0.72; P < .001). However, no advantage to neurologist admission was demonstrated in GT analysis, with mortality rates similar at hospitals admitting different proportions of ischemic stroke cases to neurologists (1.02 OR, 95% CI, 0.79–1.30; P = .90). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in ischemic stroke outcomes between neurologists and generalists may be a result of differences in initial prognosis because outcomes are no better at hospitals that admit patients to the care of neurologists more frequently. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:184–192. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Oxygen binding characteristics of the hemocyanins of two deep-sea hydrothermal vent crustaceans

Effects of pH and temperature on hemocyanin oxygen binding were examined using dialyzed blood from the hydrothermal vent crustaceans Bythograea thermydron (Brachyura) and Alvinocaris lusca (Caridea); blood samples were dialyzed against physiological salines having the same inorganic ion concentration as the blood. Hemocyanin of dialyzed B. thermydron blood demonstrated the highest O2 affinity at 10 degrees C (P50 = 1.8, 3.4 and 4.5 Torr at pH = 8.01, 7.7 and 7.4, respectively), with lower affinities at both higher and lower temperatures for all experimental pH values. A moderate Bohr effect (delta logP50/delta pH = -0.34 to -0.67) was found at all experimental temperatures (2-20 degrees C, pH 7.4-8.01), and a CO2 effect, independent of the pH Bohr effect, was measured at 5 degrees C. Hill coefficients varied widely (n50 = 0.95-3.95) and did not appear to vary with temperature or pH. The hemocyanin oxygen binding properties of B. thermydron blood are not affected by dialysis against salines having the same inorganic ion composition as the blood. Hemocyanin of dialyzed blood from A. lusca demonstrated a reverse temperature effect and a large Bohr effect (delta logP50/delta pH = -0.77 at 5 degrees C, pH 7.4-7.7). Functional aspects of oxygen binding are discussed in relation to the hydrothermal vent environment, and in the context of recent work on crustacean hemocyanins.
Variable features on Mars. VI. An unusual crater streak in Mesogaea

An unusual prominent dark streak located in Mesogaea (near 8 deg N, 191 deg W) is described. Its appearance is unlike that of most dark streaks on Mars, many of which have ragged outlines, are variable on short time-scales, and are presumed to be erosional. The Mesogaea streak has a tapered smooth outline, and no changes within it were observed. It is suggested that this streak is depositional and that the low-albedo material originated within the associated crater itself. The source area is identified with a compact low-albedo region on the crater floor. Two possible origins for the dark material are suggested:(1) deflation from a recently exposed and relatively unconsolidated subsurface deposit, and (2) production of ash by a volcanic vent.
Role of Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 1 (SFRP1) in Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex cascade of events, which diminishes the size of the wound and reestablishes tissue integrity. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis in fibroblast populations. We investigated the role of SFRP1 in a mouse wound-healing model; 2.0-mm excisional wounds were created in the scalp and hard palate. Healing responses were measured by histomorphometric analysis, apoptosis assay, and immunohistochemistry. Dermal wounds did not harbor SFRP1, but healed faster than palatal wounds which expressed significant levels of SFRP1. Antibody experiments aimed at blocking SFRP1 in palatal wounds resulted in promotion of wound closure, enhancement of new tissue formation, decrease of inflammatory cell infiltrate, and increase of apoptotic fibroblasts. Analysis of the present data suggests that SFRP1 may be partly responsible for the poorer healing performance of the palatal wounds compared with dermal wounds. Blocking SFRP1 results in improvement of palatal healing outcomes.
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE HYPERCALCEMIA

HYPERCALCEMIA is a relatively frequent medical problem. Among its many causes (Table 1), by far the most common are cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism.4 Hypercalcemia requiring urgent attention is most often caused by the former, but it can be caused by the latter (parathyroid crisis) or, rarely, by the other disorders listed in Table 1. Distinguishing between cancer-related hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism is usually not difficult, and the diagnosis is readily confirmed by measurements of serum parathyroid hormone. Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, whereas virtually all patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia have low concentrations.5 Hypercalcemia in patients . . .
Survival outcomes for women undergoing type III robotic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer: a 3-year experience.

Abstract Objectives. To assess progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for women with cervical cancer who underwent type III robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH). Methods. A retrospective analysis of women who underwent RRH from 2005 to 2008 was performed. The data analyzed included patient demographics, histology, clinical stage, surgical margins, lymph node and disease status. Comparison was made to a group of historical open radical hysterectomies. Survival statistics were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. Seventy-one women underwent attempted RRH during the study period. Eight were excluded from analysis, 4 for non-cervical primary and 4 cases aborted due to extent of disease. Squamous was the most common histology (62%) followed by adenocarcinoma (32%). Median patient age was 43 years. There was one intraoperative complication (asystole after induction) and two postoperative complications (ICU admission to rule out myocardial infarction and reoperation for cuff dehiscence). Of the patients who underwent RRH, 32% received whole-pelvis radiation with chemo sensitization. The median follow-up was 12.2 months (range 0.2–36.3 months). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated 94% PFS and OS at 36 months due to the recurrence and death of one patient. Compared with a historical cohort at our institution, there was no statistically significant difference in PFS ( P =0.27) or OS ( P =0.47). Conclusions. RRH is safe and feasible and has been shown to be associated with improved operative measures. This study shows that at 3 years, RRH appears to have PFS and OS equivalent to that of traditional laparotomy. Longer follow-up is needed, but early data are supportive of at least equivalent oncologic outcomes compared with other surgical modalities.
Travel-related diseases: injury and infectious disease prevention

To counsel prospective travelers, physicians should familiarize themselves with risks and exposures associated with travel. The most common causes of travelers' mortality and morbidity, respectively, are accidents and infections. Precautions to prevent accidents include limiting alcohol use, providing vehicle-specific safety precautions, and recognizing special risks in areas traveled. A knowledge of immunization regulations and endemic diseases can facilitate counseling travelers. Booster immunizations against childhood vaccine-preventable diseases may be needed. Gamma globulin prophylaxis should be used to prevent hepatitis A in areas where fecal contamination of foodstuffs occurs. Since effective immunotherapy for travelers' diarrhea does not exist, practical advice regarding food and water exposure is essential. Among the elderly, attention should be directed toward the effects of travel on age-specific medical problems (e.g., cardiovascular events) which may occur more often in this age group than do infections. Other recommendations should be tailored to the specific activities of a given traveler.
Exercise Capacity and Mortality in Hypertensive Men With and Without Additional Risk Factors

We assessed the association between exercise capacity and mortality in hypertensive men with and without additional cardiovascular risk factors. A cohort of 4631 hypertensive veterans, who successfully completed a graded exercise test at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Washington, DC, and Palo Alto, California, was followed for 7.7±5.4 years (35 629 person-years) for all-cause mortality. Fitness categories were established based on peak metabolic equivalent (MET) levels achieved. In each fitness category, we defined individuals with and without additional cardiovascular risk factors. Exercise capacity was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality. The adjusted mortality risk was 13% lower for every 1-MET increase in exercise capacity. Compared with the very low fit (≤5.0 MET), the adjusted risk was 34% lower for those achieving 5.1 to 7.0 MET (low fit; hazard ratio: 0.66; CI: 0.58 to 0.76; P P 10.0 MET; hazard ratio: 0.29; CI: 0.21 to 0.40; P
Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus

Background: Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the impact of smoking and more importantly smoking cessation on Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is unclear. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and presence of BO in a large prospective cohort of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Methods: Patients presenting to the endoscopy unit for upper endoscopy completed a validated GORD questionnaire and information on demographics (age, gender, and ethnicity), cigarette smoking [status (current/past), amount (pack years) and duration of smoking cessation], clinical data [medication history, body mass index (BMI), and family history] and endoscopic findings [BO and hiatal hernia] were recorded. Cigarette smokers (current and past) and nonsmokers were compared using Fisher’s Exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on BO risk was assessed by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1056 patients were included in the analysis [mean age: 57.2 � 12.7years, Caucasian 880 (83.3%), male 985 (93.3%), and mean BMI 29.6 (SD: � 5.6)]. 827 (78.3%) were smokers and 229 (21.6%) were nonsmokers. 474 subjects (44.9%) had a previous history of smoking. Anytime smokers were more likely to have BO (adjusted OR: 3.3; 95 CI: 1.7–6.3; p <0.01). Higher smoking burden (pack years) was associated with higher risk of BO in this GORD cohort (p for trend <0.01). Duration of smoking cessation was inversely associated with risk of BO (p for trend: 0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that smokers with reflux symptoms have about threefold higher risk of BO compared with nonsmokers, whereas discontinuing smoking is associated with a significant reduced risk. Smoking cessation appears to be a viable option to reduce BO risk in patients with reflux disease.
The Statistical Conformation of a Highly Flexible Protein: Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of S. aureus Protein A

Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is a multidomain protein consisting of five globular IgG binding domains separated by a conserved six- to nine-residue flexible linker. We collected SAXS data on the N-terminal protein-binding half of SpA (SpA-N) and constructs consisting of one to five domain modules in order to determine statistical conformation of this important S. aureus virulence factor. We fit the SAXS data to a scattering function based on a new polymer physics model, which provides an analytical description of the SpA-N statistical conformation. We describe a protocol for systematically determining the appropriate level of modeling to fit a SAXS data set based on goodness of fit and whether the addition of parameters improves it. In the case of SpA-N, the analytical polymer physics description provides a depiction of the statistical conformation of a flexible protein that, while lacking atomistic detail, properly reflects the information content of the data.
Cognitive capitalism, education, and digital labor, edited by Michael A. Peters and Ergin Bulut

Review of Michael A. Peters and Ergin Bulut, eds., Cognitive capitalism, education, and digital labor. New York: Peter Lang, 2011, paperback, $38.95 (341p) ISBN 978-1-4331-0981-2.
Innovative research methods for studying treatments for rare diseases: methodological review

Objective To examine methods for generating evidence on health outcomes in patients with rare diseases. Design Methodological review of existing literature. Setting PubMed, Embase, and Academic Search Premier searched for articles describing innovative approaches to randomized trial design and analysis methods and methods for conducting observational research in patients with rare diseases. Main outcome measures We assessed information related to the proposed methods, the specific rare disease being studied, and outcomes from the application of the methods. We summarize methods with respect to their advantages in studying health outcomes in rare diseases and provide examples of their application. Results We identified 46 articles that proposed or described methods for studying patient health outcomes in rare diseases. Articles covered a wide range of rare diseases and most (72%) were published in 2008 or later. We identified 16 research strategies for studying rare disease. Innovative clinical trial methods minimize sample size requirements (n=4) and maximize the proportion of patients who receive active treatment (n=2), strategies crucial to studying small populations of patients with limited treatment choices. No studies describing unique methods for conducting observational studies in patients with rare diseases were identified. Conclusions Though numerous studies apply unique clinical trial designs and considerations to assess patient health outcomes in rare diseases, less attention has been paid to innovative methods for studying rare diseases using observational data.
Role of TRPC3 channels in ATP-induced Ca2+ signaling in principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct

The transient receptor potential channel TRPC3 is exclusively expressed in the apical membrane of principal cells of the collecting duct (CD) both in vivo and in the mouse CD cell line IMCD-3. Prev...
Gratitude and forgiveness: Convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings

Gratitude and forgiveness are theoretically linked character strengths that tend to be studied in isolation from other strengths. We examined gratitude and forgiveness in the same sample using self and confidant reports to better understand how strengths converge and diverge with personality factors, emotional vulnerabilities, and positive psychological processes. Data suggest that gratitude and forgiveness uniquely relate to personality factors, emotional vulnerabilities, and positive psychological processes with forgiveness evidencing stronger relations than gratitude. Forgiveness also appears to be more robust than gratitude due to the unique effects of forgiveness diminishing correlations between gratitude and other variables. Confidant data demonstrated that strengths were observable by others and related to observer perceptions of well-being. Results are discussed with an emphasis on the benefits of studying character strength profiles.
Mini implants for definitive prosthodontic treatment: a systematic review.

Statement of problem Mini implants are commonly used in orthodontics and for interim prosthodontic treatment, but evidence for their use in definitive prosthodontic treatment is not clear. Purpose This systematic review evaluated the mini-implant literature to analyze short-term (1 to 5 years), medium-term (5 to 10 years), and long-term (beyond 10 years) survival rates when used for definitive prosthodontic treatment. Material and methods An electronic search of the English language literature for articles published between January 1974 and May 2012 was performed by using PubMed and Cochrane databases with predetermined inclusion criteria. Key terms included in the search were mini dental implants, narrow diameter implants, reduced diameter implants, small diameter implants, transitional implants, interim implants, and provisional implants. After a systematic filtering process, the selected articles were subjected to a detailed review, and the data collected were used to calculate the 1-year interval survival rate (ISR) and the cumulative survival rate (CSR). Results The electronic database search yielded 1807 titles. By scrutinizing the titles and abstracts with inclusion and exclusion criteria, the researchers identified 9 studies of mini implants for definitive prosthodontic treatment. Of the studies identified, 1 was a randomized controlled trial, 2 were prospective studies, and 6 were retrospective studies. The majority of mini implants were placed by using a flapless surgical technique in the mandibular anterior region to support an overdenture. The 1st year ISR was 94.7% and the CSR over a 9-year period, primarily attributed to data from 1 study, was 92.2%. Most implants were immediately loaded and almost all implant failures occurred during the first year after implant placement. Conclusions For short-term survival, the first year ISR of 94.7% of mini dental implants appears encouraging, but the true 1-year survival rate is unknown, as the minimum follow-up period reported for several implants was less than a year. Insufficient information about failures after the first year makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the medium-term survival of these implants. Currently, there is no evidence for the long-term survival of mini implants.
Atrial Fibrillation After Pulmonary Transplant

Background: Although atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) is thought to occur commonly after pulmonary transplantation, little is known about the epidemiology, risk factors, or clinical significance of arrhythmia in this population. The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence, clinical predictors, and associated morbidity of AF after lung transplant. Methods: The records of 200 consecutive adult patients who underwent lung transplantation at a single institution from August 1998 to June 2002 were studied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to define the predictors for posttransplant AF. Results: Indications for transplant included COPD in 43%, cystic fibrosis in 18%, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in 17%. The transplants were bilateral (79%) or single lung (21%). The mean age of the patients was 50 years (range, 19 to 66 years; median, 54 years). Postoperative AF within 14 days of transplant occurred in 78 patients (39%), with a mean onset of 3.8 3.0 days ( SD). Significant predictors of AF were as follows: age > 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; p 0.01), IPF (OR, 2.3; p 0.03), existing coronary disease (OR, 2.0; p 0.009), enlarged left atrium (LA) on echocardiography (OR, 3.9; p 0.05), and number of postoperative vasopressors (OR, 1.5; p 0.03). Patients with AF had longer hospital stays (32.4 60.0 days vs 17.5 24.1 days, p 0.04), were more likely to undergo tracheostomy (OR, 3.6; p 0.0003), and had more in-hospital deaths (OR, 5.7; p 0.0005) than patients without AF. Conclusions: AF is a frequent complication after lung transplant. Advanced age, IPF, known coronary disease, enlarged LA, and use of postoperative vasopressors increase the risk for developing AF. The development of posttransplant AF is associated with significantly prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. Prospective studies designed to prevent posttransplant AF are needed to clarify the extent to which AF impacts on posttransplant outcomes. (CHEST 2004; 126:496 –500)
A central role of plasmin in cardiac injury initiated by fetal exposure to maternal anti-Ro autoantibodies.

We thank the support of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Postgraduate Training Fellowship Grant 595989 and AHA Award #12POST9830005 (to J.H.R.) and the Clinician Scientist Award from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Grant #2009040 (to M.K.H.). This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants 1K01AR060302 (to P.B), RO1 AR42455- 16 and N01-AR-4-2271 (to J.P.B. and R.M.C.).
Positron emission tomography: a review of basic principles, scanner design and performance, and current systems

S N INCE THE INCEPTION of positron emission tomography (PET) several decades ago, PET canner design and performance have improved ramatically. The number of detector elements has ncreased from 20 to 20,000 and the axial field f view from 2 to 20 cm, the spatial resolution as improved from 25 to 5 mm, and the ensitivity has increased 1000-fold.1,2 At the ame time, the clinical applications of PET have rown dramatically as well.3-5 The current article eviews the technical basis of the remarkable dvance of this modality—the underlying princiles of PET and the basic design and performance haracteristics of PET scanners—emphasizing edicated “full-ring” devices and including multiodality (ie, PET-CT) and special-purpose (ie, mall-animal) devices.
Linking Up the Golden Gate Garveyism in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1919-1925

This article considers the Garvey Movement in relation to the San Francisco Bay area after World War I. To understand the impact of Garveyism on the West Coast, the development of a Black urban working-class in the 1920s proves to be an excellent case study. African American railroad workers synthesized a Black labor tradition to a rapidly growing social and political movement in the form of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Following the Metal Trades Strike in 1919, Black working-class organizations continued to adapt Garveyism's approach to economic independence, anti-colonialism worldwide, and Black journalism as an organizing tool to sharpen their antiracist campaigns in California.
Rational basis for oligodeoxynucleotides to inhibit collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts and primary fibroblasts from liver granulomas of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with liver fibrosis. Murine schistosomiasis infection offers a model to study hepatic fibrogenesis. Single-stranded phosphorothiate oligodeoxynucleotides containing the TGF-β regulatory element have been shown to regulate the transcription of this gene and effectively inhibit collagen synthesis in primary fibroblasts isolated from schistosomiasis-induced hepatic granulomas. While the single-stranded oligos did not decrease collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis below control levels, their double-stranded modified and unmodified counterparts did. Competitive cold oligodeoxynucleotide gel mobility shift analysis using control fibroblast nuclear extract demonstrated that the single-stranded oligos diminished binding of the TGF-β activator protein to the TGF-β regulatory element while the double-stranded oligos totally inhibited this binding. TGF-β element containing single-stranded phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and their double-stranded counterparts may be successful therapeutic agents to inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
Geodynamo Simulations—How Realistic Are They?

▪ Abstract The past seven years have seen significant advances in computational simulations of convection and magnetic field generation in the Earth's core. Although dynamically self-consistent models of the geodynamo have simulated magnetic fields that appear in some ways quite similar to the geomagnetic field, none are able to run in an Earth-like parameter regime because of the considerable spatial resolution that is required. Here we discuss some of the subtle compromises that have been made in current models and propose a grand challenge for the future, requiring significant improvements in numerical methods and spatial resolution.
Determining surface type from surface normals

By exploiting the relationship which exists between the Gaussian image and gradient space, the two representations can be utilized in conjunction to facilitate the interpretation of a set of surface normals. The projection of the Gaussian image onto a plane can provide clear traces which quickly yield general knowledge of the underlying surface.
A Look at Teacher Effectiveness Research--Theory and Practice.

Because educators are unable to agree upon or pre cisely define what a good teacher is, we can define it almost any way we like. But to understand teacher effec tiveness, educators should consider ...
32. Teaching in Tandem: Injury Prevention in Children and Adolescents

As faculty for a university that prepares advanced practice nurses, we recognized the need for greater knowledge of injury prevention among our students. Combining our expertise in pediatrics, emergency care, and curriculum development, we created a 3-credit elective course to provide graduate students with a comprehensive perspective on injury. Risk factors for and mechanisms of injury are addressed from a developmental perspective, prenatal through adolescence. Haddon's Model of Injury Control guides analysis and evaluation of specific measures advanced practice nurses may implement to reduce injury morbidity and mortality. Central concepts of education, environment, enforcement, and economics are applied to prevention strategies. Student assignments involve extensive use of the internet to gather epidemiologic data and resources for prevention strategies. Videos, research reports, and curricula provided by governmental, professional, and consumer organizations, for example, the ENA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Trauma Society, and the National Safe Kids Campaign, actively engage students in learning. Students write an injury prevention article for a lay publication and develop an injury prevention project for a specific population that they then implement in the community. The course has been offered 4 times in various formats, including 3 hours weekly over a semester, twice weekly for a 6-week summer session, and monthly all day. Enrollment has included 35 graduate nursing, school nurse, and health education students. Consistent positive student evaluations indicated increased awareness of risk factors for injury, greater knowledge of injury prevention strategies, and improved capacity for leading efforts to reduce injuries in their communities. This course could easily be replicated in other colleges and universities. Social work, physical therapy, sports medicine, and education majors are among others who would benefit.
Integrity of Corrosion Inhibitor Films in Multiphase Flow

The integrity of corrosion inhibitor films was challenged in a large scale multiphase flow loop using slug flow. Two different kinds of water-soluble corrosion inhibitors were tested at two different concentrations. A slug flow regime was used because of the high wall shear stress that can be generated. Results show that mechanical forces in this multiphase flow regime as described by the high levels of turbulence and wall shear stress did not have a detrimental effect on the performance of the corrosion inhibitors used in this study. However, the formation of foam appeared as a likely cause of corrosion inhibitor’s lack of performance in multiphase flow environments.
Comparison of Commercial Kits for Radioimmunoassay: III. Radioassay of Serum Folate

We evaluated six commercial radioassay kits in which tritium or iodine tracers are used to measure serum folate. We assessed the adequacy of the literature supplied with the kits, within-run precision, reagent stability, analytical recovery of added pteroylglutamic acid and N -methyltetrahydrofolic acid, results of analysis of patients' samples, and minimum detection limits. There were serious discrepancies among manufacturers' kits in each of these respects. Such discrepancies could affect interpretation of results and of data on like samples derived from different laboratories that are using different kits. Laboratories are urged to assess carefully the materials and method supplied by a manufacturer before putting a kit to clinical use.
Organization Development Through Franchise Advisory Boards: A Model for Governance Relationships

Franchising brings a unique set of challenges to human resources and organization development (HROD) practitioners who are focused on strategically aligning human capacity and organizational goals through cultures of collaboration. Because franchising consists of inter-firm relationships, the presence of franchise associations can help ensure that franchisee voices are heard and that collaborative relationships exist between the franchisor and franchisees. These franchise associations typically use governance structures, which includes elected boards of directors. Although practitioner data delineate the roles these franchise boards should perform, there has been only limited empirical investigation on the topic. Moreover, no research addresses how to foster productive relationships between the franchisees and franchisors who work together in these board relationships. This article presents a proposed framework for these boards, using a multi-theoretical perspective that addresses the competing emphases affecting the franchisor–franchisee relationship and the respective roles for HROD professionals.
A Golden Rule Over Time: Reciprocity in Intergenerational Allocation Decisions

In this article, I offer theoretical and empirical groundwork for the study of intergenerational issues and highlight the relevance of intergenerational behavior to organizations. I focus on situat...
Supramacromolecular Chemistry: Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-Based Multi-Armed Pseudorotaxane Star Polymers from Multi-Topic C60 Derivatives

Multitopic dibenzylammonium derivatives (4) of C60 were prepared by Bingel reactions of C60 with a malonate diester (2) containing two t-BOC protected dibenzylamine moieties, followed by deprotection and protonation. Self-assembly of model pseudorotaxanes 5 from the multidibenzylammonium C60 derivatives with dibenzo-24-crown-8 was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Self-assembly of linear and star-shaped pseudorotaxanes 8 with up to 12 arms based on polystyrenes bearing terminal DB24C8 host units (7) and the guest functionalized C60 salts was demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and solution phase viscometry. These studies provide further evidence of the potential of supramacromolecular chemistry in construction of complex polymeric architectures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6472–6495, 2009
Abstract #5507: Targeting apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): In vitro synergy between ABT-737 and inhibition of PI3-Kinase in RCC cell lines

Introduction : Most currently available therapies in RCC primarily target the tumor endothelium and have little intrinsic toxicity to RCC tumor cells. ABT-737 is a small molecule inhibitor of several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (e.g. Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , Bcl-w) which has been shown to induce apoptosis as a single agent and enhance that induced by death-receptor agonists (e.g. TRAIL)in many different cancer cell lines. PI3-Kinase, through FOXO, regulates the expression of numerous proteins relevant to the extrinsic apoptosis pathway including TRAIL and Fas ligand as well as BH3-only Bcl-2 family members such as Bim and BNIP. Given the limitations of current RCC therapies, we sought to explore the efficacy of ABT-737 in RCC and whether this efficacy may be enhanced through the concurrent inhibition of PI3-Kinase. Methods : 786-0, 769-P, and Caki-1 RCC cell lines were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of ABT-737 ranging from 0-10µM in the presence and absence of LY294002 at 50µM and analyzed for viability by propidium iodide staining. Cell lysates were analysed by western blot for PARP cleavage. The dependency of observed cytotoxicity on caspase activation was assessed by concurrent treatment with Z-VAD (pan-caspase inhibitor), Z-IETD (caspase 8 inhibitor), or Z-LEHD (caspase 9 inhibitor). Results : Treatment with ABT-737 resulted in variable lethality in the RCC cell lines which in all cases was synergistically enhanced by the concurrent treatment with LY294002. The combination of ABT-737 and LY294002 resulted in significantly increased cleavage of PARP, caspase 8, and caspase 3 compared with ABT-737 alone. Cells treated with LY294002 showed downmodulation of Mcl-1 and upregulation of Bim expression. BNIP and Noxa levels were unaffected. The lethality of both single-agent ABT-737 and the combination of ABT-737 with LY294002 was completely abrogated by treatment with ZVAD, significantly reduced by Z-IETD, but only modestly protected by Z-LEHD. Conclusions : ABT-737 induces apoptosis in RCC cell lines which is synergistically enhanced through concurrent inhibition of PI3-Kinase. The complete dependence of this lethality on caspase activation, along with the greater protection of cells with inhibition of caspase 8 as compared with caspase 9, strongly argues for involvement of death-receptor pathways, a notion which will be confirmed in studies in which signaling through DR4/5 and fas is disrupted. Numerous PI3-Kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing development for RCC therapy. Our data suggest that they may be particularly effective in combination BH3 mimetics such as ABT-737. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5507.
Driver Education in the Teacher-Education Curriculum

Abstract Accidents are caused, not by bad roads, bad weather, or bad cars, but by bad drivers, and the worst offender is the teen-age driver. What can the schools do to prepare students to be safe drivers?
A Computer Program to Calculate Two-Stage Short-Run Control Chart Factors for (X¯, s) Charts

The development and application of a computer program that will accurately calculate first- and second-stage short-run control chart factors for X-bar and s charts is described. The program accepts values for subgroup size, number of subgroups, and the ..
Obama and the Capitalist Crisis: The Politics of Economic Stagnation

Barack Obama campaigned for and was elected president amidst an economic and financial crisis many called the worst since the 1930s and during a dramatic drop in support for the incumbent Bush administration. Many liberal and progressive voters hoped for a sharp break with business-driven public policies on the domestic front, perhaps in the form of a New New Deal. What have been the results midway into Obama's first term? This paper explores the distinct nature of Obama's political economy in the areas of the economic stimulus, banking and financial regulation and health care reform. What are the main interests and ideological/political assumptions that seem to have shaped Obama's approaches? How have these approaches been received by progressive and labor constituencies, other Democratic leaders, and various segments of the business community? How can these approaches and reactions be explained analytically?
GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE COLOR MORPHS OF THE SERRANID FISH HYPOPLECTRUS UNICOLOR

Fishes of the genus Hypoplectrus, commonly known as hamlets, are small serranids limited to the New World tropics. Like other members of the subfamily Serraninae, they are synchronous hermaphrodites (Smith, 1965). Ten species are currently recognized, nine in the Atlantic and one in the Pacific. The eastern Pacific species H. lamprurus, of which only a few specimens exist, none collected recently, differs from Atlantic material both in relative scale size and gill raker number (Meek and Hildebrand, 1925). Robins and Starck (1961) suggested that H. lamprurus be placed in the genus Serranus, but Kendall (1977) has given reasons for maintaining it in Hypoplectrus. The number of species to be recognized in the Atlantic has long presented difficulties to systematists. Currently, nine named species are recognized, differentiable on the basis of color pattern (see Randall [1968] for color plates of eight of the nine) and at least three additional distinctive unnamed color types have been distinguished (Thresher, 1978). However, none of the color forms can be differentiated morphometrically or meristically (C. R. Robins, pers. comm.). Fischer (1979) did demonstrate some differences in body depth in five color types. However, no color type could be distinguished from all others, and allopatric populations of the same color type also differed significantly in body depth. The synchronously hermaphroditic hamlets are reported to spawn in pairs (Barlow, 1975). Although assortative mating by color form is usually the case, mixed pairs have been observed, and spawnings in such pairs have been seen (Barlow, 1975; Fischer, 1979). Whether such associations result in viable offspring is not known; however, several fish have been observed in the field which exhibit color markings characteristic of two or more color forms (Thresher, 1978; Fischer, 1979). Thresher (1978) has reviewed the "hamlet problem." He concluded that hamlets are aggressive mimics, duplicating the color patterns of common, nonpredatory reef fishes. He suggested that a stable series of polymorphs could have evolved without complete speciation but that some degree of reproductive isolation was necessary. On the basis of the data then available, he did not directly address the question of the systematic status or genetic relationships of the color morphs. It was the purpose of our study to examine this question by means of an electrophoretic survey of protein polymorphism within and between the color morphs of Hypoplectrus. We have examined all nine named color morphs and an additional unnamed type. Inasmuch as our results support the hypothesis that the hamlets should be referred to a single species, we will use the common names to designate the color types in our discussion. The nominal species and common names of the color morphs examined by us are given in Table 1. In addition, Thresher (1978) has distinguished the "Blueback hamlet" and the "Bicolor hamlet."
Competently Mixing: Does a Clinical Practice Cultural Competence Framework Fit in Mixed Methods Research?

The authors describe a model that incorporates cultural competence principles from clinical practice into a mixed methods framework, thus providing a new perspective that reconciles some of the his...