cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of VNP40101M, a Novel Sulfonylhydrazine Alkylating Agent, in Patients with Refractory Leukemia

Purpose: VNP40101M is a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent with broad antitumor activity in animal models. As alkylating agents are important antileukemia drugs, a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VNP40101M was conducted in patients with refractory or relapsed leukemias or poor-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Experimental Design: VNP40101M was given as a single i.v. infusion over 15–70 min on day 1. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks according to antileukemic activity. The starting dose of 220 mg/m 2 was escalated by ∼33% in cohorts of 3–6 patients until a maximum-tolerated dose was established. One additional cohort was treated with the maximum-tolerated dose divided over days 1 and 8. Results: Thirty-eight patients, including 28 with acute myeloid leukemia and 5 with MDS, received 52 courses of treatment. Nondose-limiting, reversible infusion-related toxicities were the most frequent adverse event, occurring in 24 (63%) patients on the first course. Dose escalation was terminated at 708 mg/m 2 for prolonged myelosuppression in 1 of 7 patients, and 600 mg/m 2 was selected as the recommended Phase II dose, with no significant extramedullary toxicity at this dose level. Two patients, 1 with MDS treated with 300 mg/m 2 and 1 with acute myeloid leukemia treated with 600 mg/m 2 , achieved complete remission. Conclusions: VNP40101M had significant antileukemic activity and minimal extramedullary toxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory disease.
Elementarily equivalent structures for topological languages over regions in Euclidean space

We prove that the class of rational polyhedra and the class of topologically regular regions definable in an o-minimal structure over the reals are each elementarily equivalent to the class of polyhedra for topological languages.
Instantons and massless fermions in (2+1)-dimensional lattice QED and antiferromagnets.

Lattice U(1) instantons in 2+1 dimensions have no fermion zero modes and do not break U(2n) flavor symmetry. Nevertheless, instantons in the presence of massless fermions interact via logarithmic potentials. These results are applied to the ``flux'' phase of a SU(n) antiferromagnet and the possibility of a transition from a gapless spin-liquid state to N\'eel order as n decreases from 4 to 2 is discussed.
Risk of Person-to-Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague

Plague has received much attention because it may be used as a weapon by terrorists. Intentionally released aerosols of Yersinia pestis would cause pneumonic plague. In order to prepare for such an event, it is important, particularly for medical personnel and first responders, to form a realistic idea of the risk of person-to-person spread of infection. Historical accounts and contemporary experience show that pneumonic plague is not as contagious as it is commonly believed to be. Persons with plague usually only transmit the infection when the disease is in the endstage, when infected persons cough copious amounts of bloody sputum, and only by means of close contact. Before antibiotics were available for postexposure prophylaxis for contacts, simple protective measures, such as wearing masks and avoiding close contact, were sufficient to interrupt transmission during pneumonic plague outbreaks. In this article, I review the historical literature and anecdotal evidence regarding the risk of transmission, and I discuss possible protective measures.
Principal neurons of the lumbar sympathetic ganglia increase in number with body size

Neuron number appears to be matched to body size during early development by the modulation of the processes of proliferation and naturally occurring cell death. However, body size increases rapidly as the juvenile becomes an adult, long after these processes cease to operate. The present study shows that principal neurons of lumbar sympathetic ganglia increase in number four- to fivefold during postmetamorphic life of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. This increase in neuron number cannot be attributed to either counting error or selection bias and was associated with greater innervation of particular hindlimb targets, as demonstrated by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Injection of [3H] thymidine (a marker of DNA synthesis) every third day for 20--22 weeks failed to provide evidence of neuron proliferation, although, on the basis of changes in body length during this period, substantial numbers of neurons likely were added. These results combined with previous studies of hindlimb motor and sensory neuron addition are consistent with the hypothesis that the population of sympathetic neurons is augmented by late differentiation of existing precursor cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Actin Gene Family: Function Follows Isoform

Although actin is often thought of as a single protein, in mammals it actually consists of six different isoforms encoded by separate genes. Each isoform is remarkably similar to every other isoform, with only slight variations in amino acid sequence. Nevertheless, recent work indicates that actin isoforms carry out unique cellular functions. Here, we review evidence drawn from localization studies, mouse models, and biochemical characterization to suggest a model for how in vivo mixing of actin isoforms may influence cytoskeletal function in cells. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy of primary neoplasms of bone

Aspiration biopsy of bone is a simple and relatively safe diagnostic tool that had a diagnostic accuracy of 72 per cent in thirty-one patients who had a primary bone tumor that was suspected of being malignant and of 83 per cent in twelve patients who had a suspected giant-cell tumor. However, twenty-six primary lesions of bone that were thought likely to be benign were not as easily and definitively diagnosed (an accuracy rate of 23 per cent), and for these lesions, multiple needle-aspiration samples or open biopsy provides greater diagnostic accuracy.
Modeling Gas Adsorption in Marcellus Shale With Langmuir and BET Isotherms

Abstract It is believed that gas in shale reservoirs is mainly composed of free gas within fractures and pores and adsorbed gas in organic matter (kerogen). It is generally assumed in the literature that the monolayer Langmuir isotherm describes gas adsorption behavior in shale gas reservoirs. However, in this chapter, we analyze four experimental measurements of methane adsorption from the Marcellus Shale core samples that deviate from the Langmuir isotherm, but obey the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) isotherm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to find that methane adsorption in a shale gas reservoir behaves like multilayer adsorption. Consequently, investigation of this specific gas desorption effect is important for accurate evaluation of well performance and completion effectiveness in shale gas reservoirs based on the BET isotherm. The difference in calculating original gas in place based on both isotherms is discussed. We also perform history matching with one production well from the Marcellus Shale and evaluate the contribution of gas desorption to the well's performance. This chapter provides better understanding of gas desorption in shale gas reservoirs and updates our current analytical and numerical models for simulation of shale gas production.
Beauty Controlled: The Persistence of City Beautiful Planning in Los Angeles

In the first two decades of the twentieth century, more than twenty plans were prepared for the Los Angeles Civic Center. With their monumental architectural style, broad boulevards and landscaped ...
Investigation of femtosecond laser-Enabled keratoplasty wound geometry using optical coherence tomography

Purpose:To measure the wound geometry after femtosecond laser-enabled keratoplasty (FLEK) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Design:Prospective nonrandomized clinical study and laboratory study.Participants:Patients who were candidates for penetrating keratoplasty at an academic referral cente
A 0.4–6-GHz 17-dBm B1dB 36-dBm IIP3 Channel-Selecting Low-Noise Amplifier for SAW-Less 3G/4G FDD Diversity Receivers

A channel-selecting low-noise amplifier (CS-LNA) with blocker filtering is presented for a SAW-less diversity path receiver (RX) in frequency-division duplexing cellular systems. A hybrid $N$ -path bandpass filter/band-reject filter (BPF/BRF) feedback network is applied to the LNA to create close-in reject bands around the passband to suppress transmit leakage and improve the out-of-band (OOB) input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3). Control of the frequency and depth of the reject bands is demonstrated with analysis and simulation. A $g_{m2}{\mathchar"702D}g_{m3}$ cancellation linearization is applied to improve the in-band (IB) linearity. Adaptive LO swing and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) thick-oxide devices are demonstrated to improve the power-handling capability. The proposed CS-LNA is implemented in 32-nm CMOS SOI and operates from 0.4 to 6 GHz with the maximum rejection larger than 60 dB and power-handling capability up to 17 dBm. The prototype demonstrates an OOB IIP3 of 36 dBm and IB IIP3 of 10 dBm at 1 GHz. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest blocker rejection, power-handling capability, linearity, and the widest tuning range for an LNA with tunable filtering.
Sr4Al14O25:EU2+ nanophosphor synthesized with salted sol-gel method

Nanophosphors of Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 :Eu 2+ were synthesized with a salted sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction spectrum showed that Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 was obtained after it was sintered at 900°C for 2 h. Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 :Eu 2+ nanophosphor was a nestlike nanofiber with an average diameter of 10-20 nm under a scanning electron microscope. Emission peaks of Eu 2+ 4f 7 -4f 6 5d 1 transitions were found at 487 and 408 nm corresponding to two Eu 2+ sites in Sr 4 A 14 O 25 . Energy transfer between Eu 2+ in two different sites was reduced to one-half the number that were made by solid-state reaction.
Moon Light Makes White Silk Garment Special --Inquiring into the Customs of Women Dress during the Lantern Festival in Ming dynasty from Jinpingmei and Related Historical Data

Wearing of women usually has especially outstanding expression in the festival, even has obvious features out of the normal season, which form a big landscape of festival customs Jinpingmei ,a novel about the local conditions and customs of Ming Dynasty , may be rated as the best footnote Jinpingmei has many describes correlated with The custom that women of Ming Dynasty were pleased to wear white silk garment during the Lantern Festival And these describes can support each other with historical data of Ming Dynasty During Lantern Festival of Ming Dynasty, women undoubtedly have white silk garment (or coat) Not only such, white clothes at ordinary times also bring about loving Therefore, from Jinpingmei we can catch a glimpse of the custom of women of Ming Dynasty Wearing the white silk during the period of Zoubaibing in the Lantern Festival is among the dress customs This is also a special place in the folk history of dress
Implementing and assessing an elective learning experience in medical missions for PGY-1 pharmacy residents

Abstract Objective To implement and assess an elective learning experience in medical missions for postgraduate year one (PGY-1) pharmacy residents at the Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy. Methods Out of a total of six PGY-1 pharmacy residents who pursued the elective medical mission trip learning experience, five completed a survey evaluating the perceived value in spiritual and professional development, the benefit to the population served, as well as the benefit to the resident as a part of the learning experience. Results All participants reported high levels of satisfaction with their mission experience. Conclusion PGY-1 pharmacy residents were very satisfied with the elective learning experience in medical missions. We encourage residency directors and preceptors to incorporate such an elective into their programs.
Autonomy and the “demanding encounter” in clinical neurologyAuthor Responds:

As an epileptologist, I have frequently navigated a demanding encounter with a psychogenic nonepileptic seizure patient. While I do attempt to uncover what is driving my patient's desire to seek the diagnostic label of seizure disorder, this is easier said than done.1 I often find myself ill-equipped for the time-consuming work involved in exploring and uncovering the family dynamics, relationship issues, …
Long-term follow-up of patients with hyperparathyroidism treated by transcatheter staining with contrast agent

Primary hyperparathyroidism is generally treated by primary neck exploration. Particularly in patients with hyperparathyroidism caused by adenoma, cervical exploration is generally curative, and extensive preoperative localization studies are unnecessary. If, after thorough primary cervical exploration, no adenoma is identified or at least four parathyroid glands are not confirmed and the patient's hypercalcemia persists, radiologic localization studies are indicated prior to a repeat operation. Persistent hypercalcemia in defined as the failure of calcium levels to return to normal soon after parathyroid exploration; recurrent hyperparathyroidism is defined as hypercalcemia that follows 6 months of low or normal serum calcium levels. Persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia not controlled by a primary cervical exploration may be due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma, either outside the usual anatomic sites in the neck or in the mediastinum. Techniques used for localization of these ectopic adenomas include sonography, computed tomography scanning, venous sampling, digital angiography, and selective arteriography. Of these techniques, selective arteriography not only has been precise but also offers the possibility of therapy. A small group of patients who underwent embolization of ectopic parathyroid adenomas through the angiographic catheter was reviewed 6 years ago with the cautious suggestion that this technique, under highly specialized indications, might offer a percutaneous treatment of hyperparathyroidism in selected patients. Since the time of the preliminary report, radiologic techniques have been modified, indications for patient selection have been refined, and experience with this method of managing persistent hyperparathyroidism has increased. It is the purpose of this report to summarize this experience with long-term follow-up of those patients treated by transcatheter staining.
Prior-Less Compressible Structure from Motion

Many non-rigid 3D structures are not modelled well through a low-rank subspace assumption. This is problematic when it comes to their reconstruction through Structure from Motion (SfM). We argue in this paper that a more expressive and general assumption can be made around compressible 3D structures. The vision community, however, has hitherto struggled to formulate effective strategies for recovering such structures after projection without the aid of additional priors (e.g. temporal ordering, rigid substructures, etc.). In this paper we present a "prior-less" approach to solve compressible SfM. Specifically, we demonstrate how the problem of SfM - assuming compressible 3D structures - can be theoretically characterized as a block sparse dictionary learning problem. We validate our approach experimentally by demonstrating reconstructions of 3D structures that are intractable using current state-of-theart low-rank SfM approaches.
Energy Dependence of the Optical Model for He 3 Scattering from Ni 60

An optical-model analysis of measured angular distributions for elastic scattering of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ from $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$ at five different energies (29.6, 35.1, 49.7, 59,8, and 71.1 MeV) produced satisfactory fits to all five of the data sets with an optical potential having all parameters common. This energy independent potential gave a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ minimum with $V=126$ MeV, ${r}_{R}={r}_{s}=1.12$ fm, ${a}_{R}={a}_{s}=0.84$ fm, ${W}_{D}=20.4$ MeV, ${r}_{I}=1.26$ fm, ${a}_{I}=0.84$ fm, and ${V}_{s}=2.85$ MeV. Another parameter family with $V=170$ MeV also gave an equally good minimum in ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$. These two parameter families were used to predict scattering cross sections at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} over the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ energy range from 21 to 32 MeV, and corresponding laboratory data were found to be in better agreement with the predictions of the above listed family with $V=126$ MeV. Slightly improved fits to the five data sets were obtained in a search with the real and imaginary well depths dependent on $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ energy and with the rest of the parameters common. In this case $V$ and ${W}_{D}$ were found to have a weak but approximately linear dependence on $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ energy $E$, with $V=133.9\ensuremath{-}0.14E$ MeV and ${W}_{D}=22.4\ensuremath{-}0.04E$ MeV.
Healthy Kids, Healthy Families: A Collaborative Program to Address Childhood Overweight

Healthy Kids, Healthy Families is a program of outreach and research that has been developed to address treatment and prevention of the childhood obesity epidemic through a family-centered, multidisciplinary approach. The American Dietetic Association recommends community-based and environmental interventions as the most feasible methods to support healthful lifestyles for the greatest numbers of children and families (Ritchie, Crawford, Hoelscher, & Sothern, 2006). Healthy Kids, Healthy Families was developed as an innovative, collaborative program to help children and families maintain healthy weight, through impacting the systemic medical and psychosocial aspects of overweight in children. The program involves in-home, family-based intervention followed by multi-family group education and community outreach.
Staging Stories that Heal: Boal and Freire in Engaged Composition

This article discusses the successes and vulnerabilities associated with combining the pedagogical methods of Theater, Composition, and Community Literacy in the Composition classroom. It examines how the ideas of Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed and Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed can be combined to support an innovative approach to Composition teaching, one that additionally employs engaged scholarship and service learning. The essay describes how methods and cycles of story gathering, playwriting, and rhetorical analysis have been used with various community partners, including an adult day care for dementia patients, an HIV/AIDs clinic, and Public Health outreach programs that address Health Disparities. The article explains how the ready audience of community-written plays and the inherent characteristics of theatrical production enable finite and clearly definable communication moments and products—especially in the autobiography-fantasy fused genre I have termed magical memoir —while engaging and empowering the voices of students, teachers, community partners, and audience members alike.
Learnability through Adaptive Discovery Tools in Voice User Interfaces

The invisible nature of VUIs has been attributed to challenging discoverability with VUIs. Low discoverability often leads to learnability issues. Researchers have designed visual tools for VUIs to help users learn as they go. However, few have used adaptation to ensure that learnability with the help of these tools extends beyond initial use. We designed DiscoverCal, a calendar application designed using adaptive discovery tools to improve learnability in VUIs. In this paper, we identify key characteristics of existing discovery tools. We present our design of a VUI that adapts based on contextual relevance and user performance in order to extend learnability beyond initial use. We briefly discuss our user study design.
Local versus National Interests in the Promotion and Management of a Heritage Site: A Case Study from Zhejiang Province, China

This chapter presents three related, yet exclusive, kinds of heritage as the result of different ways of promoting and managing the heritage site of Hu in southeast China: the tangible and intangible heritage of the folk religion of Hu that has been created and guarded by the local residents for over 900 years; the fabricated heritage of Hu through a large-scale construction led by the local government to promote tourism since the 1980s; and the government's plan to deconstruct the built environment and relocate all the residents to create a World Natural Heritage Site in recent years.
Conformationally constrained peptides target the allosteric kinase dimer interface and inhibit EGFR activation

Although EGFR is a highly sought-after drug target, inhibitor resistance remains a challenge. As an alternative strategy for kinase inhibition, we sought to explore whether allosteric activation mechanisms could effectively be disrupted. The kinase domain of EGFR forms an atypical asymmetric dimer via head-to-tail interactions and serves as a requisite for kinase activation. The kinase dimer interface is primarily formed by the H-helix derived from one kinase monomer and the small lobe of the second monomer. We hypothesized that a peptide designed to resemble the binding surface of the H-helix may serve as an effective disruptor of EGFR dimerization and activation. A library of constrained peptides was designed to mimic the H-helix of the kinase domain and interface side chains were optimized using molecular modeling. Peptides were constrained using peptide "stapling" to structurally reinforce an alpha-helical conformation. Peptide stapling was demonstrated to notably enhance cell permeation of an H-helix derived peptide termed EHBI2. Using cell-based assays, EHBI2 was further shown to significantly reduce EGFR activity as measured by EGFR phosphorylation and phosphorylation of the downstream signaling substrate Akt. To our knowledge, this is the first H-helix-based compound targeting the asymmetric interface of the kinase domain that can successfully inhibit EGFR activation and signaling. This study presents a novel, alternative targeting site for allosteric inhibition of EGFR.
The Vanderbilt Model of Outcomes Management

Outcomes management is a powerful process for defining, monitoring, and continuously improving practice to enhance the health status of patients. Outcomes management provides patients, providers, and payers with objective data that enhances decision-making about medical care. Case management programs can play an integral role in supporting hospitals and provides efforts to define, measure, and manage outcomes. New skills and support systems are required to do this work well, and successful efforts will reflect careful planning and implementation. The key concepts of outcomes management, how these relate to case management and a case study describing one organization’s experience in bringing these efforts together are described.
Cyclic stretching of mesangial cells up-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte adherence: a possible new mechanism for glomerulosclerosis.

Intraglomerular hypertension is a primary causal factor in the progressive glomerulosclerosis that characterizes diabetic nephropathy or severe renal ablation. However, inflammation of the glomerular mesangium also participates in at least the early phase of these diseases. In glomerulonephritis, where inflammation is thought to be the predominant causal factor, intraglomerular hypertension is also often present. Mesangial cells (MCs) are critical in orchestrating key functions of the glomerulus including extracellular matrix metabolism, cytokine production, and interaction with leukocytes. Because MCs are subject to increased stretching when intraglomerular hypertension is present, and in glomerulonephritis MC/leukocyte interactions seem to be mediated primarily via the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we examine the possibility that cyclic stretching is a stimulus for increased MC ICAM-1 activity. We demonstrate that the normal low levels of MC ICAM-1 mRNA and protein are dramatically up-regulated by even short intervals of cyclic stretch. This effect is dose- and time-dependent, and requires little amplitude and a brief period of elongation for significant induction. Stretch-induced MC ICAM-1 also leads to a marked elevation in phagocytic leukocyte adherence. This stimulated adherence is equal or greater than that induced by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas an additive effect occurs when both are applied in combination. Our results indicate that stretch-induced ICAM-1 may provide a direct link between hypertension and inflammation in the progression of injury and glomerulosclerosis in diabetes, renal ablation, and other forms of glomerulonephritis.
A Study of Two Marital Enrichment Programs and Couples' Quality of Life

The need for empirical research that contributes to the prevention and arrest of marital distress is increasing. Factors identified through research as being influential in the stability of marriag...
Staying upright by shutting down? Evidence for global suppression of the motor system when recovering balance

Abstract Background When automatic, yet unwanted action is quickly inhibited, short-lived suppression throughout the motor system ensues. This effect is referred to as global suppression. Although response inhibition is essential for behavioral flexibility, widespread motor suppression may delay action reprogramming. In reactive balance control, even fleeting suppression of the motor system could interfere with our ability to adapt compensatory reactions quickly enough to avoid a fall. Research Question Is muscle activity in the hand suppressed when a prepotent compensatory step becomes suddenly blocked in a balance recovery task? Methods Nineteen young adults were tested using a lean and release apparatus. Participants were occasionally released from a support cable resulting in forward body displacement. At the start of each trial, vision was occluded and a leg block was either placed in front of the legs or removed to allow a forward step. After goggles opened, the cable was released to cause a postural perturbation and participants had to either quickly step forward (STEP) or use a feet-in-place reaction to regain stability (NO-STEP). Step trials were much more frequent to promote stepping. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered shortly after receving vision (but before postural perturbation) to assess corticospinal excitability in an intrinsic hand muscle that was irrelevant to the balance recovery task. Results Repeated measures ANOVA compared motor-evoked potentials across two step conditions (STEP, NO-STEP) and two TMS latencies (100 ms, 200 ms). The resultant interaction provided evidence of motor suppression in the hand when a forward step was blocked. Significance Inhibition of a hand muscle uninvolved in a compensatory leg response provided evidence of global suppression in a whole-body, reactive balance context. Such widespread suppression of the motor system has implications for maintaining postural equilibrium, where even a momentary shutdown across body regions could interfere with the ability to adapt corrective balance reactions.
Incidence and persistence of silver nanoparticles throughout the wastewater treatment process.

While the predicted or observed concentrations of Ag NPs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have ranged from μg/L to ng/L, there is still uncertainty with regards to the realistic concentration range of Ag NPs in WWTPs. In addition, the persistence, removal, and size of Ag NPs throughout WWTP process is also not well investigated, particularly in real operating conditions. In this study, the incidence and persistence of Ag NPs in the wastewater process were studied by using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). The incidence of Ag NPs was determined in samples collected at the influent and effluent of the conventional process, as well as reclaimed and backwash waters of the ultrafiltration (UF) system in a WWTP (Santa Barbara, CA), showing a concentration of 13.5, 3.2, 0.5 and 9.8 ng/L, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) Effluent > Reclaimed > SWW. Partial dissolution of NPs in all waters was observed from time 0 h. Although the current concentrations in the outlet flows from WWTP (effluent and reclaimed waters) were low, the presence of small and stable Ag NPs may raise ecotoxicological concerns via bioaccumulation.
Scaffolds for nasal reconstruction

Abstract The nose and nasal cavity have important quality-of-life implications because of their role in breathing and identity. Nasal surgery includes operations of the nasal septum, rhinoplasty of external nasal structures, and reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Many surgical options use grafted tissues, which carry the risk of donor site morbidity and a possible deficiency of graft material. Recent advances in tissue engineering offer the ability to reconstruct nasal defects using naturally occurring or synthetically derived scaffolds with properties comparable with native tissue. New applications utilizing 3D printing have made it possible to tailor scaffolds to patient-specific tissue needs.
Acute kidney injury risk-based screening in pediatric inpatients: a pragmatic randomized trial.

Background Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. We performed a pragmatic randomized trial testing the hypothesis that AKI risk alerts increase AKI screening. Methods All intensive care and ward admissions of children aged 28 days through 21 years without chronic kidney disease from 12/6/2016 to 11/1/2017 were included. The intervention alert displayed if calculated AKI risk was > 50% and no serum creatinine (SCr) was ordered within 24 h. The primary outcome was SCr testing within 48 h of AKI risk > 50%. Results Among intensive care admissions, 973/1909 (51%) were randomized to the intervention. Among those at risk, more SCr tests were ordered for the intervention group than for controls (418/606, 69% vs. 361/597, 60%, p = 0.002). AKI incidence and severity were the same in intervention and control groups. Among ward admissions, 5492/10997 (50%) were randomized to the intervention, and there were no differences between groups in SCr testing, AKI incidence, or severity of AKI. Conclusions Alerts based on real-time prediction of AKI risk increased screening rates in intensive care but not pediatric ward settings. Pragmatic clinical trials provide the opportunity to assess clinical decision support and potentially eliminate ineffective alerts.
Impact of Standardized Patients on First Semester Nursing Students Self-Confidence, Satisfaction, and Communication in a Simulated Clinical Case:

BackgroundUtilizing standardized patients (SPs) as a strategy to potentially improve beginning level nursing students’ confidence, satisfaction, and communication after simulated clinical cases is ...
No, RIAA, It's Not the End of the World for Musicians

Technological advances threaten established business models. That is Innovation 101. In particular, that is Disruptive Innovation 101, by which revolutionary business models disrupt the status quo, introducing new frameworks that displace demand for the original.Such an observation plays a large role in explaining why the record labels have called for more expansive copyright protection. Caught flat-footed by the technological revolution unleased by digital distribution and peer-to-peer (P2P) services like Napster, the labels have blamed much of their woe on copyright infringement.This Article, written for a symposium on music and copyright, rebuts these dire proclamations. It shows that the sky is not falling for musicians. And it shows how innovations in technology have made it easier for musicians to participate in every step of the process: creation (GarageBand), distribution (Twitter, YouTube), marketing (Topspin, Bandcamp), royalty collection (CD Baby Pro, TuneCore), crowdfunding (Kickstarter, Indiegogo), and touring (Songkick, Bandsintown). The article concludes by highlighting examples of musicians forging stronger connections with their fans.
Decentralized genomics audit logging via permissioned blockchain ledgering.

One of the tasks in the iDASH Secure Genome Analysis Competition in 2018 was to develop blockchain-based immutable logging and querying for a cross-site genomic dataset access audit trail. The specific challenge was to design a time/space efficient structure and mechanism of storing/retrieving genomic data access logs, based on MultiChain version 1.0.4 ( https://www.multichain.com/ ). Our technique uses the MultiChain stream application programming interface (which affords treating MultiChain as a key value store) and employs a two-level index, which naturally supports efficient queries of the data for single clause constraints. The scheme also supports heuristic and binary search techniques for queries containing conjunctions of clause constraints, and timestamp range queries. Of note, all of our techniques have complexity independent of inserted data set size, other than the timestamp ranges, which logarithmically scale with input size. We implemented our insertion and querying techniques in Python, using the MultiChain library Savoir ( https://github.com/dxmarkets/savoir ), and comprehensively tested our implementation across a benchmark of datasets of varying sizes. We also tested a port of our challenge submission to a newer version of MultiChain (2.0 beta), which natively supports multiple indices. We presented creative and efficient techniques for storing and querying log file data in MultiChain 1.0.4 and 2.0 beta. We demonstrated that it is feasible to use a permissioned blockchain ledger for genomic query log data when data volume is on the order of hundreds of megabytes and query times of dozens of minutes is acceptable. We demonstrated that evolution in the ledger platform (MultiChain 1 to 2) yielded a 30%-40% increase in insertion efficiency. All source code for this challenge has been made available under a BSD-3 license from https://github.com/sandialabs/idash2018task1/ .
Evaluation of the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay for Analyzing Circulating Tumor DNA in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Central Nervous System Malignancies.

Available tools to evaluate patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, and brain biopsies, have significant limitations. MRI and CSF cytology have poor specificity and sensitivity, respectively, and brain biopsies are invasive. Circulating tumor DNA in CSF (CSF-ctDNA) could be used as a biomarker in patients with CNS tumors, but studies in this area are limited. We evaluated four CSF-ctDNA extraction methods and analyzed mutations in CSF-ctDNA with the Oncomine Pan-Cancer cell-free assay. CSF-ctDNA was extracted from 38 patients with primary or metastatic CNS tumors and 10 patients without CNS malignancy. Commercial ctDNA controls were used for assay evaluation. CSF-ctDNA yields ranged from 3.65 to 3120 ng. Mutations were detected in 39.5% of samples. TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene and copy number alterations were detected in CCND1, MYC, and ERBB2/HER2. Twenty-five percent of CSF-cytology–negative samples showed mutations in CSF-ctDNA. There was good concordance between mutations in CSF-ctDNA and matching tumors. The QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit was the optimal method for extraction of CSF-ctDNA and the Oncomine cell-free DNA assay is suitable for detection of mutations in CSF-ctDNA. Analysis of CSF-ctDNA is more sensitive than CSF-cytology and has the potential to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with CNS tumors.
Disputant Preferences for Mediated or Adjudicated Processes in Administrative Agencies: The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission

Previous research examining preferences for mediation over more formal adjudicative proceedings is limited and mostly experimental. Moreover, this work has not examined preferences in relation to repeated experience with various types of proceedings. We recently surveyed disputants who have experienced different types of proceedings at the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC). We find that the higher the perceptions of procedural justice, the greater the preference for use of mediation. In addition, the more total experience disputants have in the OSHRC dispute system design (including both adjudication and settlement judge mediation), the greater their preference for mediation.
The patient's perspective: a qualitative study of individual experience with decision-making, treatment, and recovery for resectable pancreatic cancer.

Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) remains a challenging diagnosis. The likelihood of long-term survival is limited even for patients who undergo maximal medical therapy with systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection. Within this intensive process, there remains limited understanding of patients' pretreatment expectations of PDAC treatment experience and their decision-making process. Methods PDAC patients who underwent chemotherapy and surgical resection were retrospectively identified. Semi-structured phone interviews were completed regarding patient experience with therapy. Qualitative descriptive analysis was performed, and categories, subcategories, and themes were determined. Results Fifteen patients were interviewed regarding their experience with PDAC treatment. An overall personal disease trajectory experience was identified with two phases. The first phase encompassed the patients' treatment. In this phase, patients expressed a choice, non-choice regarding therapy decisions, viewing therapy as the only option. Misconceptions about the roles of therapies and expected experience of treatment were observed. The second phase focused on life after therapy. Patients reported persistent physical changes secondary to therapy. An overall realistic understanding of the patient's limited prognosis was observed, with patients expressing appreciation of the life time gained as a benefit of treatment. Conclusions There remains critical areas for improvement in communication and care of patients with PDAC. Physicians should continue to ensure that patient's goals and wishes are respected when making treatment decisions and confirm that patients understand the roles and limitations of prescribed therapies. Additionally, patients continue to have significant physical changes post treatment which should be assessed for and managed as appropriate to maintain quality of life.
A dynamic network of morphogens and transcription factors patterns the fly leg

Animal appendages require a proximodistal (PD) axis, which forms orthogonally from the two main body axes, anteroposterior and dorsoventral. In this review, we discuss recent advances that begin to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling PD axis formation in the Drosophila leg. In this case, two morphogens, Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp), initiate a genetic cascade that, together with growth of the leg imaginal disc, establishes the PD axis. The analysis of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) that control the expression of genes at different positions along the PD axis has been particularly valuable in dissecting this complex process. From these experiments, it appears that only one concentration of Wg and Dpp are required to initiate PD axis formation by inducing the expression of Distal-less (Dll), a homeodomain-encoding gene that is required for leg development. Once Dll is turned on, it activates the medially expressed gene dachshund (dac). Cross-regulation between Dll and dac, together with cell proliferation in the growing leg imaginal disc, results in the formation of a rudimentary PD axis. Wg and Dpp also initiate the expression of ligands for the EGFR pathway, which in turn induces the expression of a series of target genes that pattern the distal-most portion of the leg.
Application of plant and bacterial enzymes in the biocatalysis of paclitaxel (110.3)

Despite robust production of paclitaxel by Phyton Biotech, the FDA reported (01/01/12 - 07/31/12, www.fda.gov, May 2012) that unreliable manufacturing and patient demand created a paclitaxel (Taxol...
Professional Knowledge and the Historical Emergence of Accounting Norms

Accounting norms preceded generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), but little is known about how and why these norms emerged. We hypothesize that private-sector institutions aimed at building a knowledge base among practicing accountants fostered accounting norms before formal standard-setters appeared in the 1930s. Establishing an association between knowledge-building institutions and accounting norms requires that we (1) identify the form and function of specific institutions that developed the professional knowledge base, (2) show that these institutions facilitated professional knowledge development, and (3) illustrate how knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and retention dynamically results in spontaneous emergence of homogeneous behavior indicative of a norm. We provide evidence of an association between knowledge-building institutions and accounting norms using a combination of historical analysis and simulation modeling techniques. While our focus is primarily historical, most of the institutions we investigate still operate today. Thus, our analysis clarifies how modern accounting is shaped by powerful forces that influence practices long before an accounting problem is considered by standard setters.
Habermas, Arendt, and the Tension Between Authority and Democracy in Educational Standards: The Case of Teaching Reform

Amid the diversity of educational standards definitions offered in the recent literature, it is often difficult to discern exactly what standards are or what they are supposed to do. In fact, the rhetoric of standards has often operated as what Michael Apple has called a “slogan system,” encompassing “a penumbra of vagueness so that powerful groups or individuals who would otherwise disagree can fit under the umbrella.” This paper aims to promote a more nuanced dialogue in education about standards and how they might be used to orient reform. Drawing on the work of Gary Sykes and Peter Plastrik, we argue that it is useful to see many definitions as lying on a continuum running from a vision of standards as promoting dialogue and democracy, to a vision of standards as transmitting authority and control.
Some Lambda Calculi with Categorial Sums and Products

We consider the simply typed λ-calculus with primitive recursion operators and types corresponding to categorical products and coproducts.. The standard equations corresponding to extensionality and to surjectivity of pairing and its dual are oriented as expansion rules. Strong normalization and ground (base-type) confluence is proved for the full calculus; full confluence is proved for the calculus omitting the rule for strong sums. In the latter case, fixed-point constructors may be added while retaining confluence.
Regulators, policy-makers, and the making of policy: who does what and when do they do it?

The formation of independent regulatory agencies for infrastructure has led to considerable controversy in many countries over the respective roles of government policy-makers and of ‘independent’ regulators. The fact that independent regulatory agencies are not only new entities, but also new concepts, has contributed to a lack of clarity on their role in policy formulation. The issue is often characterized as distinguishing between the setting and implementation of policy. That characterization, however, is not very useful. For a variety of reasons relating to politics, expertise, inability to be prescient, transparency, jurisprudence, imprecision in wordsmithing, and finance, the issue is perhaps better defined in terms of two levels of policy-making, macro and micro. The former is the domain of government policy-makers, while the latter seems best suited for regulators. While government always retains the ultimate responsibility for the formulation of policy, it is best to delegate nuanced policy decisions, micro policy, to regulators. Doing so makes for less politicization, more predictability, more transparency, and more informed decision-making.
Hydrothermal catalytic production of fuels and chemicals from aquatic biomass

One of the promising avenues for biomass processing is the use of water as a reaction medium for wet or aquatic biomass. This review focuses on the hydrothermal catalytic production of fuels and chemicals from aquatic biomass. Two different regimes for conversion of aquatic biomass in hydrothermal conditions are discussed in detail. The first is hydrothermal liquefaction, and the second is hydrothermal gasification. The goals of these processes are to produce liquid-fuel-range hydrocarbons and methane or hydrogen, respectively. The catalytic upgrading of biocrude resulting from noncatalytic liquefaction and the stability and degradation of catalysts in high temperature water are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief discussion of the outlook for and opportunities within the field of hydrothermal catalytic valorization of biomass. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface-Displacement Imaging Using Optical Beam Deflection

Important information on subsurface material parameters and structure is contained in the dynamics of surface motion. One of the most important techniques in quantitative nondestructive evaluation is optical sensing of surface displacement; it is noncontact, sensitive, fast, and capable of high spatial resolution. Laser interferometers in various configurations provide the ultimate in sensitivity [1]; however, due to their complexity and lack of flexibility, they may not be the first choice in applications where ultimate sensitivity is not required.
HD193077—A Fast Rotating Wolf-Rayet Star

Evidence is presented that the unshifted absorption lines in the spectrum of HD193077 are intrinsic to the Wolf-Rayet star. This makes HD193077 an interesting peculiar object, possibly rotating close to breakup velocity and evolving homogeneously.
The Practicum: Clients, Problems, Interventions and Influences on Student Practice

Abstract This paper describes a study of first year graduate social work students' work in practica and assesses their transfer of practice evaluation knowledge and skills from the classroom to the field. The data are drawn from case material recorded by the students using a structured recording format. The paper addresses three central questions. What were the salient features of the students' practices? Did students apply practice evaluation knowledge to their work with clients? And, what variables influenced the ways that the students practiced? Recommendations for enhancing class and field integration and for increasing knowledge and skill transfer given the significant influence of the practicum instructor's orientation are discussed.
Open Letter to Arthur Liman

Your family misses you. Your law firm misses you. Yale Law School misses you. The nation misses you. You left us much too early, and, since you've been gone, we struggle every day to fill the void you left behind. As Shakespeare wrote, all in all you were a man, but we will never see the likes of you again. I write to you today, several months after your death, and I speak from the podium of a great law school, which we both attended and admire deeply. But, primarily, I write to you in the tradition of the Black Baptist Church, a faith into which my parents raised me as a boy, and in which, in these my twilight days, I still find solace, peace, and grace. Black Baptists believe in Heaven, and they believe in Heaven with a fervor owing as much to religious faith as to historical necessity. In the days of slavery, Heaven was a place of freedom. In the days of segregation, it held out the promise of equality. And today, in what sometimes feels as a period of modern Reconstruction, it still remains a place where one day justice may yet be finally and completely realized. To us, Heaven is not a mystical idea; it is not a sentimental chimera. It is real, as real as the summers of my childhood when my grandmother used to gather the children on her porch and sing to us: