cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TRANSVERSE IONIZING MHD SHOCK WAVES.

The jump conditions across a transverse ionizing MHD shock wave, where the magnetic field is in the plane of the shock, are examined. The conservation laws, in conjunction with Maxwell's laws and the equation of state, yield three jump equations in four unknowns. To uniquely describe jumps across an ionizing wave requires an additional descriptive relationship. The theory of Kulikovskii & Lyubimov and, later, Chu, in which the internal structure of the shock itself supplies the missing relationship, is examined. In particular, Kulikovskii & Lyubimov show, for appropriate ratios of thermal to magnetic diffusivities, that for low-speed waves the magnetic field compression across the shock is unity and the jump equations reduce to the ordinary Rankine—Hugoniot relations. For high-speed shock waves, the magnetic field compression, B2/B1, equals the gas compression across the wave, p2/p1, and the jump equations become the magnetohydrodynamic shock jump relations. Furthermore, intermediate speed shocks induce magnetic field compressions between 1 and p2/p1. An experiment was performed in an inverse pinch where E behind the shock, the shock and piston velocities, and the magnetic field compression across the shock, were measured over a wide range of initial conditions and shock velocities in hydrogen. The jump relations were written with B2/B1 as a parameter and programmed into a digital computer. The program was written for real, equilibrium hydrogen. The program provided easy access to a unique solution of the jump equations for any B2/B1. The experiment tends to confirm the Kulikovskii—Lyubimov—Chu theory. Ordinary shock waves were observed at low speeds and near-MilD shocks were observed at high speeds. Further, the relation was verified for the plasma behind the shock for low-speed shock waves, and was verified to within experimental accuracy for the intermediate class of shock waves.
Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe

Seismic tomography and the isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks suggest the existence of a large, sheet-like region of upwelling in the upper mantle which extends from the eastern Atlantic Ocean to central Europe and the western Mediterranean. A belt of extension and rifting in the latter two areas appears to lie above the intersection of the centre of the upwelling region with the base of the lithosphere. Lead, strontium and neodymium isotope data for all three regions converge on a restricted composition, inferred to be that of the upwelling mantle.
Differing effects of fetal sex on pregnancy and its outcome

An analysis of 52,198 pregnancies was undertaken to determine if male and female fetuses had differing environmental effects on their mothers. Early gestational blood pressure and weight gain were significantly higher in preeclamptic women with male than with female fetuses. Preeclamptic women had lower third trimester hemoglobin values and less frequent proteinuria with male than with female fetuses. Excessive syncytial knots, a characteristic placental consequence of low uteroplacental blood flow, were seen less frequently with male than with female fetuses. These findings are hypothesized to be due to a greater maternal blood plasma volume expansion with male than with female fetuses in preeclamptic pregnancies.
Embedding resorcinarene cavitands in lipid vesicles

A fluorescently labeled resorcinarene cavitand has been successfully embedded in DLPC lipid vesicles and imaged using confocal microscopy. The cavitand resides exclusively in the bilayer.
On generalizing boson field theories

If a boson field theory is generalized to admit in the field Lagrangian all the derivatives of the field coordinates up to the \ensuremath{\sigma}th in a particularly symmetrical way, then we find that in the final expression for the interaction energy of fermions the usual interaction is replaced by a weighted sum of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ such interactions, where the relative weight factor and the boson mass associated with each interaction are given uniquely by algebraic relationships involving the constants appearing in the field Lagrangian. We thus are able to formulate a simple principle for obtaining the interaction energy according to a multiple-boson theory of the form suggested by our generalizations if the interaction energy is known for the one-boson case. The principle is then applied to the non-relativistic and relativistic interaction terms for electrons according to electrodynamic (photon) field theory, and for nucleons according to the meson field theories investigated by Kemmer. We find that in almost every case the weight factors are such that not only are the inadmissible ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ singularities removed, but also in three- and four-boson theory, the objectionable ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ singularities. A closely related result is the fact that generalization justifies the neglect of short wave-lengths in the evaluation of the interaction and self-energy integrals.
The neuropsychology of olfaction in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Roberts' proposal of a nasal route of entry for an Alzheimer's disease pathogen leads to a prediction of olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's patients. Recent studies suggesting the presence of olfactory deficits are reviewed. Special attention is given to problems in examining olfactory function in demented patients.
Infrared spectroscopy of geoporphyrins

Abstract The infrared spectra of several nickel complexes of the Etioporphyrin (Etio) class are presented. Included are the four isomers of classical etioporphyrin and three additional Etio compounds (13-desethyl etioporphyrin-III, 13-desethyl-3-methyl etioporphyrin-III and deuteroetioporphyrin-IX) which have been previously identified from geological sources. Vibrational mode assignments are made based on comparison with recently published normal coordinate analysis of the vibrational modes of nickel etioporphyrin-I and nickel etioporphyrin-III. Candidate `marker' bands are identified for porphyrin structures with hydrogens at beta carbon positions.
Empirical evidence for psychopharmacologic treatment in early-onset psychosis and schizophrenia.

SUMMARY/FUTURE DIRECTIONS The literature from the past 2 decades has informed the field that our current psycho-pharmacologic treatments for youth with psychosis have benefits but highlight thatdrug development efforts to discover safer and more effective interventions are war-ranted. Longer-term data onour currentagents areneeded regarding efficacy andthelong-term metabolic consequences of these agents, such as impact on fertility, bonegrowth, and cardiovascular effects. Future trials ideally should be of longer durationbecause this would increase our understanding of both the long-term benefits andadverse effects of these agents. In addition, the field would benefit from studiesfocused on nonpharmacologic adjunctive treatments, particularly on cognitive reme-diation and neuroplasticity-based treatments. 100–103 New approaches are clearlyneeded for children suffering with EOS. REFERENCES 1. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onsetdistributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replica-tion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(6):593–602.2. McGlashan TH. Adolescent versus adult onset of mania. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145(2):221–3.3. Loranger AW, Levine PM. Age at onset of bipolar affective illness. Arch GenPsychiatry 1978;35(11):1345–8.4. Carlson GA, Kashani JH. Manic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent popu-lation. J Affect Disord 1988;15(3):219–26.5. Chambers WJ. Psychotic symptoms in prepubertal major depressive disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:921–7.6. Ryan ND, Puig-Antich J. Pharmacological treatment of adolescent psychiatricdisorders. J Adolesc Health Care 1987;8(1):137–42.
Cardioversion Following Prosthetic Mitral Valve Replacement

Direct current conversion of atrial fibrillation has been attempted in 60 consecutive patients following prosthetic mitral valve replacement (Starr-Edwards prosthesis). Sinus rhythm was attained and persisted for at least 24 hours after the procedure in 68% (41 patients) and 40% of the entire group (24 patients) were still in normal sinus rhythm an average of 10 months later. Successful initial conversion and persistence of sinus rhythm occurred most frequently in patients whose duration of atrial fibrillation was less than 5 years and who had a small left atrium. Results differed little whether conversion was attempted 7 to 21 days or 1 to 15 months after open valve replacement. Atrial disease associated with a long period of antecedent atrial fibrillation and marked left atrial enlargement appeared to be the most important factors responsible for persistence of atrial fibrillation or early relapse. Attempts at cardioversion are recommended for all patients with persistent atrial fibrillation following m...
The Effects of Partial Liquid Ventilation (PLV) on Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Newborn Pigs † 1725

The Effects of Partial Liquid Ventilation (PLV) on Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Newborn Pigs † 1725
N-demethylation as an example of drug metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract The capacity of isolated rat hepatocytes to carry out drug metabolism in vitro was studied. The aromatic hydroxylation of quinine sulfate was measured fluorometrically from two starting concentrations of the drug. The N -demethylation of dansylamide and antipyrine was measured by following the release of tritium into water after hydroxylation of 3 H-labeled methyl groups. The N -demethylation of antipyrine and dansylamide was inhibited by SKF-525A and ethylmorphine. The metabolism was rapidly increased (approximately 10 per cent) by the addition in vitro of 0.1 mM phenobarbital. Isolated rat hepatocytes are well suited for drug metabolism studies. They are readily prepared, retain their viability for hours, and allow many, well-controlled experiments from the same preparation of cells. The formation of 3 H 2 O from suitably labeled precursors is a sensitive and promising technique to study certain aspects of drug metabolism.
Effective restoration of the U(A)(1) symmetry in the SU(3) linear sigma model

The effective restoration of the chiral ${\mathrm{U}}_{A}(1)$ symmetry in strong interactions is studied using the linear chiral $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ model at finite temperatures. We find that the disappearance of the chiral anomaly causes a considerable change in the meson mass spectrum. We propose several signals for detecting this chiral phase in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions: The $\ensuremath{\eta}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ ratio is enhanced by an order of magnitude, the ${a}_{0}$ is suppressed in the $K\overline{K}$ mass spectrum, and the scalar $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ meson appears as a peak just below the ${K}^{*}(892)$ in the invariant $\ensuremath{\pi}K$ mass spectrum.
FINITE-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF FREE PRODUCT C*-ALGEBRAS

Our main theorem is a characterization of C*-algebras that have a separating family of finite-dimensional representations. This characterization makes possible a solution to a problem posed by Goodearl and Menaul. Specifically, we prove that the free product of such C*-algebras again has this property.
The Logical Origins of Quantum Mechanics

The main quantum phenomena-indeterminism and interference-are explained on a purely logical basis by extending classical mathematical logic. In this extension, statements are represented by Hermitian matrices that, it is postulated, can undergo unitary transformations of truth values (the principle of relativity of truth values). The formula for quantum probability is deduced. A new method of quantization is then introduced by the additional postulate that invariants of translations in some space can be described by statements represented by matrices that are invariants of the same translations in the same space. The formula p = −ih∂/∂q is deduced (up to an unknown multiplicative constant). The connection between the existence of the continuum and the existence of quantum mechanics is demonstrated.
An integrative model of respiratory and cardiovascular control in sleep-disordered breathing

While many physiological control models exist in the literature, none thus far has focused on characterizing the interactions among the respiratory, cardiovascular and sleep-wake regulation systems that occur in sleep-disordered breathing. The model introduced in this study integrates the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system, chemoreflex and state-related control of respiration, including respiratory and upper airway mechanics, along with a model of circadian and sleep-wake regulation. The integrative model provides realistic predictions of the physiological responses under a variety of conditions including: the sleep-wake cycle, hypoxia-induced periodic breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It can be used to investigate the effects of a variety of interventions, such as isocapnic and hypercapnic and/or hypoxic gas administration, the Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers, and the application of continuous positive airway pressure on OSA subjects. By being able to delineate the influences of the various interacting physiological mechanisms, the model is useful in providing a more lucid understanding of the complex dynamics that characterize state-cardiorespiratory control in the different forms of sleep-disordered breathing.
Prevalence of lower extremity venous duplication.

Purpose: This retrospective study was performed to determine the prevalence of lower extremity venous duplication using duplex ultrasound in the patient population of a large urban medical center. Materials and Methods: The reports of all lower extremity venous ultrasound examinations performed at our institution between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 were reviewed. Ultrasound examinations that were performed for purposes other than the detection of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis were excluded. The prevalence of duplication and its specific location were recorded. In addition, the prevalence of thrombus and its specific location were also recorded. Results: A total of 3118 exams were performed in 2664 patients. Of the 2664 patients, 2311 had only one examination performed during the study period; 353 patients had more than one examination performed. We found that 10.1% of patients (270/2664) had at least one venous segment duplicated and 5.4% of patients (143/2664) had a thrombus in at least one venous segment. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of both duplication and thrombus with a change in venous segment. Only 0.4% of patients (11/2664) had thrombus within a duplicated segment. Of those who had more than one examination performed, 15.3% (54/353) had the same venous segment(s) seen on one examination but not another. Conclusion: Lower extremity venous duplication is a frequent anatomic variant that is seen in 10.1% of patients, but it may not be as common as is generally believed. It can result in a false negative result for deep vein thrombosis.
New Hosts, Distribution, and Prevalence Records for Alloglossidium dolandi (Digenea: Macroderoididae), a Parasite of Procambarid Crayfish, Within the Coastal Plains of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, U.S.A

A survey, conducted during May 1998, 1999, and 2006, involving 174 procambarid crayfish from 13 localities within the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, U.S.A., indicated that adult Alloglossidium dolandi infected the antennal glands of 5 new host species: Procambarus acutissimus, Procambarus acutus, Procambarus howellae, Procambarus paeninsulanus, and Procambarus troglodytes. Infected crayfish were taken from roadside ditches, streams, backwaters of streams, and a roadside flood pool adjacent to a river. Geographic distribution of the parasite formed a discontinuous belt extending westward from southeastern Georgia, through southern Alabama, and into eastern Mississippi, while transiting each crayfish host species' reported range. Prevalence of infection was 0% at 3 localities but ranged from 21.4% to 92.3% at 10 other localities.
Neurotrophins in the ventral tegmental area: Role in social stress, mood disorders and drug abuse.

This review discusses the impact of neurotrophins and other trophic factors, including fibroblast growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, on mood disorders, weight regulation and drug abuse, with an emphasis on stress- and drug-induced changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurotrophins, comprising nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophins 3 and 4/5 play important roles in neuronal plasticity and the development of different psychopathologies. In the VTA, most research has focused on the role of BDNF, because other neurotrophins are not found there in significant quantities. BDNF originating in the VTA provides trophic support to dopamine neurons. The diverse intracellular signaling pathways activated by BDNF may underlie precise physiological functions specific to the VTA. In general, VTA BDNF expression increases after psychostimulant exposures, and enhanced BDNF level in the VTA facilitates psychostimulant effects. The impact of VTA BDNF on the behavioral effects of psychostimulants relies primarily on its action within the mesocorticolimbic circuit. In the case of opiates, VTA BDNF expression and effects seem to be dependent on whether an animal is drug-naive or has a history of drug use, only the latter of which is related to dopamine mechanisms. Social defeat stress that is continuous in mice or intermittent in rats increases VTA BDNF expression, and is associated with depressive and social avoidance behaviors. Intermittent social defeat stress induces persistent VTA BDNF expression that triggers psychostimulant cross-sensitization. Understanding the cellular and molecular substrates of neurotrophin effects may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of substance use and mood disorders.
FACS analysis of peritoneal lymphocytes in ovarian cancer and control patients

In this study different lymphocyte populations in the malignant ascites of 10 patients with ovarian carcinoma and in the peritoneal fluid of 8 control patients (tubal ligation and benign conditions) were analyzed. A panel of monoclonal antibodies against the CD markers of lymphocytes was used to stain different populations and the cells were analyzed on a FACS II (fluorescence-activated cell sorter). The mean percentage of B lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity of the OVCA patients was 0.18 +/- 0.5% and in the control patients 0.05 +/- 0.07%. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the OVCA group and in the controls the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD5+) was 23.5% and 17.1% respectively with no significant difference between the groups. These results indicate that B lymphocytes are not present in the human peritoneal cavity. The small numbers of B cells found in this study could be due to contamination with peripheral blood. The human peritoneal cavity contains a cell population which differs from that present in peripheral blood. Significant numbers of B lymphocytes have been reported in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The difference between the lymphocyte population of the human peritoneal cavity and that of rodents implies that data on characterization and function of B lymphocytes in the mouse peritoneal cavity would not be applicable to humans.
Applied economics of hospitality production: reducing costs and improving the quality of decisions through economic analysis

Abstract Hospitality management as an academic pursuit is currently in a growth cycle. The vast majority of theories for any rapidly evolving field, by necessity, will be based on the application of existing bodies of knowledge. For example, sociology was based primarily on theories borrowed from psychology. The quickest and certainly the most efficient means of expanding the body of hospitality knowledge is to apply relevant theories and principles from related fields. This paper researches how application of the economic principles of short- and long-term decisions, and the three stages of production, can benefit hospitality managers. Reinventing the wheel works no better in academics than in business. Since the discipline is new and in search of full academic recognition, we must move quickly by assembling a theoretically complete body of knowledge that is responsive to real-world needs.
Modeling of Electromagnetic Heating Effects During in vivo Testing of Prosthetic Heart Valves

In this paper, a numerical model is presented to investigate inductive heating during in vivo testing of prosthetic heart valves using electromagnetic acoustic transduction (EMAT) methods. The maximum temperature rise on the surface of the heart valve ring is calculated by solving the bioheat equation. The cooling effect of the blood flow is incorporated by imposing appropriate interface conditions. We show that the maximum temperature rise can be controlled to comply with applicable safety standards both by regulating the duty cycle of the tone-burst excitation signal and synchronizing the excitation with the cardiac cycle appropriately
Designing hybrid flexure systems and elements using Freedom and Constraint Topologies

Abstract. In this paper we introduce the principles necessary to synthesize hybrid flexure systems and elements. Flexure systems consist of rigid bodies that are joined together by flexure elements that elastically deform to guide the system's rigid bodies with desired degrees of freedom (DOFs). The principles introduced here for synthesizing hybrid flexure systems and elements are extensions of the Freedom and Constraint Topologies (FACT) synthesis approach. FACT utilizes a comprehensive library of geometric shapes from which designers can rapidly consider and compare a multiplicity of flexure concepts that achieve any desired set of DOFs. Prior to this paper, designers primarily used these shapes to synthesize parallel and serial flexure systems and elements. With this paper, designers may now use these same shapes to synthesize more general flexures that consist of various combinations of parallel and serial systems and elements (i.e., hybrid configurations). As such, designers can access a larger body of flexure solutions that satisfy demanding design requirements. Instructions for helping designers utilize or avoid the advantages and challenges of over-, under-, and exact-constraint are also provided. Hybrid systems and elements are analysed and designed as case studies.
A Dynamical Basis Set for Generating Reaches

The motorcortex wasthe one of the first cortical areasto be explored electrophysiologically, yet little agreement has emerged regarding its basic response properties. Often it is assumed that single-neuron responses reflect a preference for a particular movement or movement variable. It may be further assumed that movement is generated by (or at least accompanied by) a growing population-level preference for the relevant movement. This view has been attractive because it provides a canonical form for the single neuron, a link between preparatory and movement activity, a way of interpreting the population response, and a platform for designing analyses and couching hypotheses. However, this traditional view yields predictions that are at oddswithbasicfeaturesofthedata.Wediscussanalternative simplifiedmodel,inwhichoutgoingcommandsareproducedby dynamics that generate different output patterns as a function of the initial preparatory state. For reaching tasks, we hypothesized simple quasioscillatory dynamics because they provide a natural basis set for the empirical patterns of muscle activity. The predictions of the dynamical model match the data well at both the single-neuron and population levels, and the quasioscillatory patterns explain many of the otherwise odd features of the neural responses. Since the pioneering work of Evarts (1968), a central goal of motor physiology has been to understand the relationship between neural activity in motor cortex and movement itself. Much of the subsequent literature has leveraged tasks in which monkeys execute reaches (or directed wrist movements) to targets at different spatial
A glove for tapping and discrete 1D/2D input

This paper describes a glove with which users enter input by tapping fingertips with the thumb or by rubbing the thumb over the palmar surfaces of the middle and index fingers. The glove has been informally tested as the controller for two semi-autonomous robots in a a 3D simulation environment. A preliminary evaluation of the glove's performance is presented.
A Computable General Equilibrium Model of the City: Impacts of Technology, Zoning, and Trade

This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model of a stylized linear city that simultaneously minimizes transportation costs while satisfying labor, and, and goods equilibrium conditions, in the tradition of Anas and Kim, while introducing a monetary balance. This model has structural similarity with Davis's design of an optimal transportation system under user equilibrium conditions. The model includes three industries: manufacturing, retail, and services. Their economic transactions are empirically modeled using national input–output data, which allows for the endogenous determination of import and export pricing and flows. Numerical applications show that more efficient transportation increases utility and leads to a centralization of the population, and that zoning, under various restriction scenarios, decreases utility, with the most detrimental effects on residents in unrestricted zones. Finally, a zero trade deficit scenario results in lower utility, a larger transportation system, and s...
Some comments on physical processes at and near the tropopause

The major physical processes at and near the tropopause are evaluated; these processes are radiation, convection and turbulence, advection and vertical convergence. Calculations of instantaneous long wave radiative temperature change for observed and postulated moisture distributions show that radiation usually acts to smooth the temperature profile. Observations and the principle of continuity show that convection is infrequent and unimportant in establishing the tropopause. General principles and numerical integration of the heat conduction equation for special cases show that turbulence will act to smooth the temperature profile unless flux has a certain relationship to hydrostatic stability. Observations, calculations and the principle of continuity show that advection and vertical convergence cannot be universal mechanisms of tropopause formation.
Quantification of carbon dioxide poisoning in air breathing alkaline fuel cells

Abstract Carbon dioxide intolerance has impeded the development of alkaline fuel cells as an alternate source of power supply. The CO 2 , in a fuel cell system, could come from the anode side (if “dirty” H 2 is used as fuel), from the cathode side (if air instead of pure O 2 is used as an oxidant) or from inside the electrolyte (if methanol is used as a fuel). In this work, an novel analytical approach is proposed to study and quantify the carbon dioxide poisoning problem. Accelerated tests were carried out in an alkaline fuel cell using methanol as a fuel with different electrical loads and varying the concentration of carbon dioxide in a mixture CO 2 /O 2 used as oxidant. Two characteristic quantities, t max and R max , were specified which were shown to comprehensively define the nature and extent of carbon dioxide poisoning in alkaline fuel cells. The poisoning phenomenon was successfully quantified by determining the dependence of these characteristic quantities on the operating parameters, viz. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and applied electrical load. Such quantification enabled the prediction of the output of a fuel cell operating in a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere. In addition, static and dynamic analyses of electrolytes were carried out to determine the dependence of cell current on the electrolyte composition in a fuel cell undergoing poisoning. It was observed that there is a critical concentration of KOH in the electrolyte only below which the effect of carbon dioxide poisoning is reflected on the cell performance. Potentiostatic polarization tests confirmed that the underlying reason for the decreased cell performance because of carbon dioxide poisoning is the sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation in the presence of potassium carbonate in the electrolyte. Moreover, the decreased conductivity of the electrolyte resulting from hydroxide to carbonate conversion was also shown to increase the ohmic loses in an alkaline fuel cell leading to lower efficiencies.
Impaired cardiac function and IGF-I response in myocytes from calmodulin-diabetic mice: role of Akt and RhoA

This study characterized the cardiac contractile function and IGF-I response in a transgenic diabetic mouse model. Mechanical properties were evaluated in cardiac myocytes from OVE26 diabetic and F...
Treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma with hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cis-platinum (HAC): results in both untreated and previously treated patients.

Twenty-two patients with advanced (FIGO stages III and IV) adenocarcinoma of the ovary were treated with 28-day cycles of hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cis-dichlorodiamine-platinum (II) (HAC). After 45 months, there were 21 evaluable patients. The median survival was 16 months. Response was achieved in 82% (9/11) who had received no prior chemotheraphy, and in 50% (5/10) previously treated. HAC therapy was readily administered on an outpatient basis, with comparatively low major toxicities, primarily hematologic, neurologic, and gastrointestinal. These results indicate that HAC therapy is an effective regimen for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma, regardless of their prior treatment status.
Older bariatric surgery candidates: is there greater psychological risk than for young and midlife candidates?

Abstract Background Although severe obesity is dramatically increasing in older adults, many bariatric programs use age cutoffs due to concerns about greater perioperative morbidity and mortality risks. More recently, surgical outcomes have been reported in older adults. However, a paucity of data is available on the psychological risks of older bariatric candidates. Our objective is to examine psychiatric risk factors and weight loss outcomes in older (≥65 yr) versus midlife (40–55 yr) versus young adult (18–29 yr) patients. Methods Older, midlife, and young adults (n = 608) who underwent weight loss surgery (74.6% women, 75.6% white, mean body mass index 48.07 ± 9.61 kg/m 2 ) at the Cleveland Clinic Bariatric and Metabolic Institute completed a psychiatric diagnostic interview, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form, Binge Eating Scale, and Cleveland Clinic Behavioral Rating Scale before surgery. The data gathered from follow-up visits and weight loss outcomes at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after surgery were measured. Results Young adults had a greater reduction in excess body mass index than those at midlife in the first 6 months but no age differences were noted in the following year. Older patients were less likely to have a suicide history but the groups were equivalent on other psychiatric variables and self-report measures. Psychologist evaluators rated older adults less favorably on the capacity to consent and realistic nature of expectations. Conclusion Although medical risks may cause concern, older adults do not demonstrate any increased psychological risk factors compared with midlife or young adult surgical candidates and evidenced equivalent weight loss. However, concerns with lower ratings on consent and expectations warrant additional research.
Safety of a new protocol decreasing antibiotic utilization after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children: A prospective observational study.

Abstract Introduction In a previous randomized trial, we found children with perforated appendicitis could be safely discharged prior to completion of a 5day intravenous antibiotics course. To progress the protocol further, patients who met discharge criteria early were discharged without oral antibiotics if leukocyte counts were normal. Methods Children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis were prospectively observed after institution of a new antibiotic regimen consisting of daily intravenous dosing ceftriaxone/metronidazole while an inpatient. Patients discharged prior to 5days were discharged home without oral amoxicillin-clavulanate if no leukocytosis at discharge. Outcomes were compared to the previous protocol of daily intravenous ceftriaxone/metronidazole with completion of a 7-day antibiotic course with amoxicillin-clavulanate of all patients discharged prior to 5days. Results 540 patients (270 new protocol, 270 old protocol) were identified. There was no significant difference in patient demographics, admission leukocyte count, time to regular diet, or length of stay. Postoperative abscess occurred in 21.8% in the new protocol compared to 19.3% of the previous (P=0.5). There was a significant decrease in the number of patients discharged home on oral antibiotic therapy (P Conclusions Patients meeting discharge criteria with normal leukocyte count prior to completion of 5days IV antibiotic therapy can be safely discharged home without oral antibiotics after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Comparing Outcomes for Veterans of Different Wars

There is significant support for exposure therapy as an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across a variety of populations, including veterans; however, there is little empirical information regarding how veterans of different war theaters respond to exposure therapy. Accordingly, questions remain regarding therapy effectiveness for treatment of PTSD for veterans of different eras. Such questions have important implications for the dissemination of evidence based treatments, treatment development, and policy. The current study compared treatment outcomes across 112 veterans of the Vietnam War, the first Persian Gulf War, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. All subjects were diagnosed with PTSD and enrolled in prolonged exposure (PE) treatment. Veterans from all three groups showed significant improvement in PTSD symptoms, with veterans from Vietnam and Afghanistan/Iraq responding similarly to treatment. Persian Gulf veterans did not respond to treatment at the same rate or to the same degree as veterans from the other two eras. Questions and issues regarding the effectiveness of evidence based treatment for veterans from different eras are discussed.
Protein Kinase C Mediates Repair of Mitochondrial and Transport Functions after Toxicant-Induced Injury in Renal Cells

Previously, we have shown that renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) recover physiological functions after injury induced by the oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP), but not by the nephrotoxic cysteine conjugate dichlorovinyl-l-cysteine (DCVC). This study examined the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the repair of RPTC functions after sublethal injury produced by these toxicants. Total PKC activity decreased 65 and 86% after TBHP and DCVC exposures, respectively, and recovered in TBHP-injured but not in DCVC-injured RPTCs. Mitochondrial function, active Na+ transport, and Na+-dependent glucose uptake decreased after toxicant exposure and recovered in TBHP- but not in DCVC-injured RPTCs. PKC inhibition decreased the repair of RPTC functions after TBHP injury. PKC activation promoted recovery of mitochondrial function and active Na+ transport in TBHP- and DCVC-injured RPTCs but had no effect on recovery of Na+-dependent glucose uptake. We conclude that in RPTCs, 1) total PKC activity decreases after TBHP and DCVC injury and recovers after TBHP but not after DCVC exposure, 2) recovery of PKC activity precedes the return of physiological functions after oxidant injury, 3) PKC inhibition decreases recovery of physiological functions, and 4) PKC activation promotes recovery of mitochondrial function and active Na+ transport but not Na+-dependent glucose uptake. These results suggest that the repair of renal functions is mediated through PKC-dependent mechanisms and that cysteine conjugates may inhibit renal repair, in part, through inhibition of PKC signaling.
Advanced glycation end products activate Smad signaling via TGF-β-dependent and independent mechanisms: implications for diabetic renal and vascular disease

While it is thought that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) act by stimulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta to mediate diabetic injury, we report that AGEs can activate TGF-beta signaling, Smads, and mediate diabetic scarring directly and independently of TGF-beta. AGEs activate Smad2/3 in renal and vascular cells at 5 min, peaking over 15-30 min before TGF-beta synthesis at 24 h and occurs in TGF-beta receptor I and II mutant cells. This is mediated by RAGE and ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition, AGEs also activate Smads at 24 h via the classic TGF-beta-dependent pathway. A substantial inhibition of AGE-induced Smad activation and collagen synthesis by ERK/p38 MAPK inhibitors, but not by TGF-beta blockade, suggests that the MAPK-Smad signaling crosstalk pathway is a key mechanism in diabetic scarring. Prevention of AGE-induced Smad activation and collagen synthesis by overexpression of Smad7 indicates that Smad signaling may play a critical role in diabetic complications. This is further supported by the findings that activation of Smad2/3 in human diabetic nephropathy and vasculopathy is associated with local deposition of AGEs and up-regulation of RAGE. Thus, AGEs act by activating Smad signaling to mediate diabetic complications via both TGF-beta-dependent and -independent pathways, shedding new light on the pathogenesis of diabetic organ injury.
Cognitive control in bilinguals: Advantages in Stimulus-Stimulus inhibition.

Bilinguals have been shown to outperform monolinguals at suppressing task-irrelevant information and on overall speed during cognitive control tasks. Here, monolinguals' and bilinguals' performance was compared on two nonlinguistic tasks: a Stroop task (with perceptual Stimulus-Stimulus conflict among stimulus features) and a Simon task (with Stimulus-Response conflict ). Across two experiments testing bilinguals with different language profiles, bilinguals showed more efficient Stroop than Simon performance, relative to monolinguals, who showed fewer differences across the two tasks. Findings suggest that bilingualism may engage Stroop-type cognitive control mechanisms more than Simon-type mechanisms, likely due to increased Stimulus-Stimulus conflict during bilingual language processing. Findings are discussed in light of previous research on bilingual Stroop and Simon performance.
l-2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid and 2-phenylethylglucosinolate, precursors of 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate

Abstract The biosynthesis of ( S )2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate was studied in Resela luteola L. Labeled compounds ( 14 C and 15 N) were administered to plant shoots and the incorporation of tracer into either the aglycone or glucosinolate was measured. l -2-Amino-4-phenylbutyric acid was more efficiently converted into ( S )2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate than were the stereoisomers of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid. The C-2 and amino nitrogen of these precursors were incorporated into the glucosinolate as a unit. The presence of 2-phenylethylglucosinolate in the plant was confirmed. Results of tracer studies supported the biosynthetic scheme: phenylalanine → → 3-benzylmalic acid → → 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid → → 2-phenylethylglucosinolate → 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate.
Improved High Temperature Solar Absorbers for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Central Receiver Applications

Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems use solar absorbers to convert the heat from sunlight to electric power. Increased operating temperatures are necessary to lower the cost of solar-generated electricity by improving efficiencies and reducing thermal energy storage costs. Durable new materials are needed to cope with operating temperatures >600 C. The current coating technology (Pyromark High Temperature paint) has a solar absorptance in excess of 0.95 but a thermal emittance greater than 0.8, which results in large thermal losses at high temperatures. In addition, because solar receivers operate in air, these coatings have long term stability issues that add to the operating costs of CSP facilities. Ideal absorbers must have high solar absorptance (>0.95) and low thermal emittance (<0.05) in the IR region, be stable in air, and be low-cost and readily manufacturable. We propose to utilize solution-based synthesis techniques to prepare intrinsic absorbers for use in central receiver applications.
Effect of exercise training in supervised cardiac rehabilitation programs on prognostic variables from the exercise tolerance test.

Meta-analyses showed that exercise training decreased mortality in patients after myocardial infarction, but no single adequately powered trial has shown this benefit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitative exercise training on prognostic variables derived from the exercise tolerance test and whether these changes had an effect on predicted cardiovascular and all-cause mortality using externally validated risk scores. Two hundred ten consecutive patients who completed a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program were analyzed. Peak MET level, heart rate recovery, chronotropic index, Duke prognostic score, and Cleveland Clinic Foundation risk score obtained at program entry and exit were compared. All prognostic variables and risk score–derived predicted 5-year mortality rates improved significantly after cardiac rehabilitation. Exercise capacity increased by 32% (6.6 ± 2.7 to 8.7 ± 2.9 METS; p
A fast track for rural family physicians.

There is currently a major shortage of rural physicians in the United States. Rural US citizens should receive the same quality of care and the same access to health care as are available in urban and suburban settings for the middle and upper classes. Yet, at present, substantial and increasin g
Effects of Queen Attractiveness to Workers on the Queen Nutritional Status and Egg Production in the Polygynous Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The study of polygyny in Solenopsis invicta Buren has demonstrated that the attractiveness of individual co-existing queens to workers appears to play a critical role in queen nutritional status and egg production. The queen that was most attractive to workers was the queen that had a higher frequency of trophallaxis by attracting more attention and nourishment from workers. Furthermore, this trophic advantage resulted in a greater reproductive success of the dominant queen as evidenced by her higher ovipositional rate. However, this higher ovipositional rate was not associated with queen weight.
21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay As a Predictor of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Administration for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Use, Therapeutic Implications, and Disparity Profile

PurposeThe 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is used to predict disease recurrence and benefit of chemotherapy in estrogen receptor–positive, lymph node–negative early-stage breast cancer (EBC). Our study is the first analysis of trends and differences in the use of the RS assay and its impact on recommending chemotherapy in a population-based data set.MethodsPatients with EBC diagnosed from 2004 to 2012 and included in the National Cancer Data Base were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the covariates associated with use of the test and its impact on chemotherapy decisions.ResultsThe RS assay was ordered for 54.0% of the 143,032 identified patients. Of all the variables, RS assay had the strongest association with recommendation for chemotherapy, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 83 for high assay scores. When indicated, test use was significantly associated with younger age, white race, academic centers, private insurance, and pT2/pN0(i+) grade 2 to 3 disease....
LDPC-coded BICM-ID with nonuniform signaling for ultra-high-speed optical transport

An LDPC-coded BICM-ID scheme with nonuniform signaling is proposed, which is designed by mapping a variable-length prefix code onto signal constellation. We demonstrate that proposed nonuniform signaling scheme outperforms LDPC-coded 8-QAM by at least 0.8 dB.
Acute Peritoneal Dialysis Access in Infant Renal Failure

Rapid onset of acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the infant population is, in part, dependent upon equipment availability. From March 1991 until June 1995, over 200 children at the University of Mi...
MR imaging of cavitary lesions in the brain with Hurler/Scheie.

We recently used MR to study a girl who had one of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Her MR images showed large cavities within the white matter, as well as diffuse white matter changes and ventricular enlargement
Exploring Instructive Physiological Signaling with the Bioelectric Tissue Simulation Engine

Bioelectric cell properties have been revealed as powerful targets for modulating stem cell function, regenerative response, developmental patterning, and tumor reprogramming. Spatio-temporal distributions of endogenous resting potential, ion flows, and electric fields are influenced, not only by the genome and external signals, but also by their own intrinsic dynamics. Ion channels and electrical synapses (gap junctions) both determine, and are themselves gated by, cellular resting potential. Thus, the origin and progression of bioelectric patterns in multicellular tissues is complex, which hampers the rational control of voltage distributions for biomedical interventions. To improve understanding of these dynamics and facilitate the development of bioelectric pattern control strategies, we developed the BioElectric Tissue Simulation Engine (BETSE), a finite volume method multiphysics simulator, which predicts bioelectric patterns and their spatio-temporal dynamics by modeling ion channel and gap junction activity and tracking changes to the fundamental property of ion concentration. We validate performance of the simulator by matching experimentally obtained data on membrane permeability, ion concentration and resting potential to simulated values, and by demonstrating the expected outcomes for a range of well-known cases, such as predicting the correct transmembrane voltage changes for perturbation of single cell membrane states and environmental ion concentrations, in addition to the development of realistic transepithelial potentials and bioelectric wounding signals. In silico experiments reveal factors influencing transmembrane potential are significantly different in gap junction-networked cell clusters with tight junctions, and identify non-linear feedback mechanisms capable of generating strong, emergent, cluster-wide resting potential gradients. The BETSE platform will enable a deep understanding of local and long-range bioelectrical dynamics in tissues, and assist the development of specific interventions to achieve greater control of pattern during morphogenesis and remodeling.