cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current Diagnosis and Prescription for the Marian Syndrome: Aortic Root and Valve Replacement

Since 1976, the procedure of choice for patients with Marian aneurysm of the ascending aorta at this institution has been the Bentall procedure or its modification. One hundred seventy-four Marian patients have had ascending aortic aneurysm repair with a prosthetic composite graft. An additional four children and two adults have had aortic root replacement with a cry preserved homograft. Thirty-seven (21%) patients came to operation with an acute or chronic dissection involving the ascending aorta. Thirty-one (17%) patients having aortic root replacement also had mitral valve repair or replacement. The first 86 patients in the series had a hemostatic Bentall wrap constructed; however, in the last 88 patients, the ascending aorta has been transected completely and the aortic wall tacked loosely over the composite graft. It is our preference to construct a direct end-to-side anastomosis of each coronary ostium to the side of the composite graft. In the past, we used the Cabrol interposed graft for low-lying coronary ostia, but currently favor the “button technique” for this procedure. One hundred fifty-six of 180 patients underwent elective root replacement with no hospital mortality. Twenty-four patients underwent urgent or emergency surgery; 17 of these patients with acute dissection or rupture underwent emergency surgery. Two of these patients with rupture died intraoperatively. Therefore, overall hospital mortality among the 180 patients was 1.1%. There have been 14 late deaths among 178 patients discharged from the hospital (7.9%). Five of these late deaths occurred among our first 11 patients operated on between 1976 and 1979. Since 1980, there have been nine late deaths among 167 patients (5.4%). Three of these nine late deaths were related to late dissection of the distal unoperated thoracic or abdominal aorta. Satisfactory results can be achieved in patients with Marian aneurysms using the Bentall operative repair, and long-term results have been improved further by elimination of the aortic wrap. Close follow-up of the thoracic and abdominal aorta for late dilatation and dissection remains an essential part of the management of Marian patients. (J Card Surg 1994;9[Suppl]:177–781)
Fatigue and corrosion of a Pd-based bulk metallic glass in various environments

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) possess attractive properties for biomedical applications, including high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance, and low elastic modulus. In this study, we conduct rotating beam fatigue tests on Pd_(43)Ni_(10)Cu_(27)P_(20) bulk metallic glass in air and Eagle's medium (EM) and measure the corrosive resistance of the alloy by submersion in acidic and basic electrolytes. Fatigue results are compared to those of commonly used biometals in EM. Rotating beam fatigue tests conducted in air and in Eagle's medium show no deterioration in fatigue properties in this potentially corrosive environment out to 10^7 cycles. A specimen size effect is revealed when comparing fatigue results to those of a similar alloy of larger minimum dimensions. Corrosion tests show that the alloy is not affected by highly basic (NaOH) or saline (NaCl) solutions, nor in EM, and is affected by chlorinated acidic solutions (HCl) to a lesser extent than other commonly used biometals. Corrosion in HCl initiates with selective leaching of late transition metals, followed by dissolution of Pd.
Perhaps superpartners have been observed

We examine the CDF eeγγ E τ event as a candidate for sparticle production. Possible connections to other observables such as R b , α 8 , b → sγ , cold dark matter are considered. Implications for present and future data at FNAL and LEP are given, including the possibility that stops, gluinos and squarks are already being detected at FNAL.
“Higher-κ” dielectrics for advanced silicon microelectronic devices: A combinatorial research study

Combinatorial methodology is used to rapidly screen suitable ternary [email protected] dielectrics for future complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. Dielectric constant (@k) and leakage current (L"C) were mapped from capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. HfO"2-TiO"2-Y"2O"3 library films, made by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), have been characterized. We found a band of compositions in the middle of the HfO"2-TiO"2-Y"2O"3 phase diagram that have dielectric constants in the range of 50-80, with reasonably low leakage currents, that are therefore promising for these applications.
The learning ability paradox in adult metamemory research: where are the metamemory differences between good and poor learners?

College students’ ability to judge whether a studied item had been learned well enough to be recalled on a later test was examined in three experiments with self-paced learning procedures. Generally, these learners compensated for item difficulty when allocating study time, studying hard items longer than easy items, but they still recalled more easy items than hard items and tended to drop items out too soon. When provided with test opportunities during study or a delay between study and judgment, learners compensated significantly more for item difficulty and recalled substantially more. Paradoxically, good and poor learners compensated similarly for item difficulty and benefited similarly from testing during study and from delayed decision making. Thus, although the ability to make metamemory decisions was shown to be important for effective learning, these decisions were made equally well by good and poor associative learners. An analysis of tasks used to investigate metamemory-memory relationships in adult learning may provide an account for this apparent learning ability paradox.
Prevention of sudden cardiac death by n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

This is a review of our present understanding of the mechanism by which the n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish oils prevent fatal ventricular arrhythmias in animals and cultured heart cells. A brief review of three clinical trials that suggest that these PUFAs prevent sudden cardiac death is also included in order to emphasize the potential importance of these fatty acids in human nutrition. The PUFAs act by stabilizing electrically every cardiac myocyte by modulating conductance of ion channels in the sarcolemma, particularly the fast, voltage-dependent sodium current and the L-type calcium currents, though other ion currents are also affected. Work in progress suggests that the primary site of action of the PUFAs may be on the phospholipid bilayer of the heart cells in the microdomains through which the ion channels penetrate the membrane bilayer in juxtaposition with the ion channels rather than directly on the channel protein itself. These PUFAs then allosterically alter the conformation and conductance of the channels. Both potential benefits and possible adverse effects of the PUFAs in man will be discussed. Knowing that the ion channels have been structurally conserved among all excitable tissues, we tested their effects on the electrophysiology of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons and found that the sodium and calcium ion channels in these neurons were also affected by PUFAs. An attempt to show the place of the PUFAs in human nutrition during the 2–4 million years of our evolution will conclude the review.
CkSmoothness of Invariant Curves in a Global Saddle-Node Bifurcation

The birth ofCk-smooth invariant curves from a saddle-node bifurcation in a family ofCkdiffeomorphisms on a Banach manifold (possibly infinite dimensional) is constructed in the case that the fixed point is a stable node along hyperbolic directions, and has a smooth noncritical curve of homoclinic orbits. This ensures that the map restricted to the resulting curve is equivalent to aCkmap of the circle. In particular, for aC2family of diffeomorphisms the resulting curve isC2, and the “Denjoy example” cannot occur. Included is a new smoothness result for the foliation transversal to the center subspace, for the finite and infinite dimensional cases. Specifically,Ck-smoothness with respect to all variables of invariant foliations of the center-stable and center-unstable manifolds of a partially hyperbolic fixed point is proved in all cases.
Phosphorylation of the Drosophila engrailed protein at a site outside its homeodomain enhances DNA binding.

Abstract The engrailed gene encodes a homeodomain-containing phosphoprotein that binds DNA. Here, we show that engrailed protein is posttranslationally modified in embryos and in embryo-derived cultured cells but is essentially unmodified when expressed in Escherichia coli. Engrailed protein produced by bacteria can be phosphorylated in nuclear extracts prepared from Drosophila embryos, and phosphotryptic peptides from this modified protein partly reproduce two-dimensional maps of phosphotryptic fragments obtained from metabolically labeled engrailed protein. The primary embryonic protein kinase modifying engrailed protein is casein kinase II (CK-II). Analysis of mutant proteins revealed that the in vitro phosphoacceptors are mainly clustered in a region outside the engrailed homeodomain and identified serines 394, 397, 401, and 402 as the targets for CK-II phosphorylation. CK-II- dependent phosphorylation of an N-truncated derivative of engrailed protein purified from bacteria increased its DNA binding 2-4-fold.
Expression of helper T cell master regulators in inflammatory dermatoses and primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: Diagnostic implications

Background Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a neoplasm of skin-homing CD4 + helper T (T H ) lymphocytes with dysregulation of T H 1 and T H 2 immunity. Diagnosis of MF is challenging, as there is significant morphologic overlap with other dermatologic entities. Objective We investigated diagnostic utility of T H 1- and T H 2-specific markers, T-bet, and GATA-3, respectively, in MF and its reactive and neoplastic mimics. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for CD3/T-bet and CD3/GATA-3 was performed on inflammatory dermatoses (n = 56), MF (n = 37), Sezary syndrome (SS; n=8), and cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL; n=14). Results Inflammatory dermatoses showed epidermal T cells predominantly expressing GATA-3, except psoriasis, which exhibited a mixed GATA-3/T-bet staining. In contrast, neoplastic T cells in patch stage MF showed markedly increased T-bet positivity with minimal GATA-3 expression. Plaque stage MF had a mixed T-bet/GATA-3 phenotype, whereas tumor stage MF and SS exhibited diffuse GATA-3 expression. C-ALCL lacked significant staining for both markers. Limitations Sample size was relatively small. Conclusions A predominance of T-bet + T cells in the epidermis support patch stage MF over dermatitis. A predominance of GATA-3 + T cells in the dermis support CD30 + MF with large cell transformation over C-ALCL. These stains do not allow distinction between dermatitis and cutaneous infiltrates of SS.
Legislation framework for Croatian renewable energy sources development

The energy sector reform in the Republic of Croatia (started 2001), which comprises restructuring, liberalization, privatization, and changes in the overall energy sector, has a significant effect on the possibilities of introducing and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES). The adoption of a new legislative framework within the context of reforming Croatia’s energy sector is of key importance for further development and for the future or RES utilization. The Electricity Market Act sets out the le- gal obligation to purchase electricity produced from RES in the manner that a quota or a minimum obligatory share of RES in electricity production is determined by a Government ordinance combined with Tariff system for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and co-generation. Consequently, on the one hand, incentive funds needed to cover increased costs of production from RES will be collected from customers through the supplier and distributed to privileged producers (feed-in-tariffs, purchase is guaranteed to RES producers on known terms) through the Market Opera- tor. On the other hand, RES investment projects will be encouraged by pur- pose-specific government subsidy and by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (out of public budget). By applying new energy legislation and associated by-laws (coming into force in 2007), RES projects in Croatia will be provided with a complete and stable legal framework as well as support through incentive measures which will equitably value environmental, social and other benefits of RES use.
SMS-based web search for low-end mobile devices

Short Messaging Service (SMS) based mobile information services have become increasingly common around the world, especially in emerging regions among users with low-end mobile devices. This paper presents the design and implementation of SMSFind, an SMS-based search system that enables users to obtain extremely concise (one SMS) message of 140 bytes) and appropriate search responses for queries across arbitrary topics in one round of interaction. SMSFind is designed to complement existing SMS-based search services that are either limited in the topics they recognize or involve a human in the loop. Given an unstructured search query, SMSFind, uses a conventional search engine as a back-end to elicit several search responses and uses a combination of information retrieval techniques to extract the most appropriate 140-byte snippet as the final SMS search response. We show that SMSFind returns appropriate responses for 57.3% of ChaCha search queries in our test set; this accuracy rate is high given that ChaCha employs a human to answer the same questions. We have also deployed a pilot version of SMSFind for use with a small focus group in Kenya to explore the interaction issues of such a system and share our experience.
Dual Use of Condoms With Other Contraceptive Methods Among Adolescents and Young Women in the United States

Abstract Purpose To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with dual method use (i.e., condom with hormonal contraception or an intrauterine device) among adolescents and young women in the United States. Methods We used 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth data from 2,093 unmarried females aged 15–24 years and at risk for unintended pregnancy. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the associations between dual method use at last sex and sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive history, and sexual behavior factors. Results At last sex, 20.7% of adolescents and young women used dual methods, 34.4% used condoms alone, 29.1% used hormonal contraception or an intrauterine device alone, and 15.8% used another method or no method. Factors associated with decreased odds of dual method use versus dual method nonuse included having a previous pregnancy (aOR = .44, 95% CI .27–.69), not having health insurance coverage over the past 12 months (aOR = .41, 95% CI .19–.91), and having sex prior to age 16 (aOR = .49, 95% CI .30–.78). Conclusions The prevalence of dual method use is low among adolescents and young women. Adolescents and young women who may have a higher risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., those with a previous pregnancy) were less likely to use dual methods at last sex. Interventions are needed to increase the correct and consistent use of dual methods among adolescents and young women who may be at greater risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
March and after: what has changed? What has stayed the same?

This article recalls the major events that have taken place since 24 March 2005. It examines Bakiev's new government formed in December 2007, analyses the changes in criminal world dynamics, explains problems in the hydro-energy sector, and concludes with a section on civil society groups. The article demonstrates how corruption, crime and politics are interlinked in the country and how, on the other hand, local civil society groups have proved to be considerably more stable compared to political parties.
The Relationship Between Age and Gender in Workers' Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment

The relationship between gender, age, and workers' attitudes toward sexual harassment as measured by the Sexual Harassment Attitudes Scale was examined. Participants were full-time workers employed at a local hardware-manufacturing company or a local utility company in New England. Results indicated that the women younger than 40 years old were significantly less tolerant of sexual harassment than older women were. In contrast, male workers' tolerance of sexual harassment decreased with age up until the age of 50 years, after which their tolerance level of sexual harassment increased significantly.
Spatial price equilibrium and food webs: The economics of predator-prey networks

In this paper, we prove that the equilibrium of predator-prey networks is, in fact, a spatial price equilibrium. This result demonstrates the underlying economics of predator-prey relationships and interactions and provides a foundation for the formulation and analysis of complex food webs, which are nature's supply chains, through the formalism of network equilibrium. Moreover, it rigorously links the equilibrium conditions of commodity networks in which a product is produced, transported, and consumed, with those of ecological networks in which prey are consumed by predators.
Variable voltage scheduling with the priority-based functional reactive programming language

In this paper, we consider how energy consumption can be reduced in the Priority-based Functional Reactive Programming (P-FRP) execution model through the implementation of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), a technique for modifying circuit delays and altering the operating frequency of the CPU. Use of DVFS can have an impact on task execution time, which adversely affects the temporal guarantees required from the real-time scheduler. Most of the existing studies provide solutions which are suitable for the classical model of preemptive task scheduling. Tasks which are schedulable in the preemptive model cannot be guaranteed to be schedulable in P-FRP, since the abort-based preemptive approach often creates additional costs in terms of response times.
Abnormalities of taste and smell thresholds in familial dysautonomia: Improvement with methacholine

Abstract Patients with familial dysautonomia had markedly increased thresholds for the detection and recognition of all the basic modalities of taste; some had increased thresholds for the detection and recognition of certain odors. Neither fungiform nor circumvallate papillae with their associated taste buds could be demonstrated on the tongue. However, administration of methacholine subcutaneously improved detection and recognition thresholds to normal levels for the taste of sodium chloride.
Long-term follow-up of aggressively treated idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Abstract purpose: We wanted to examine the long-term effects of aggressively treating idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), with a particular focus on clinically characterizing the patient population, assessing the short- and long-term effects of therapy on renal function, and determining complications of the therapy. patients and methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with RPGN were treated and followed from one to 11 years. On renal biopsy, 13 had immune complexes, eight had no immune complexes, and two had antiglomerular basement membrane deposits. All had greater than 25 percent crescents and 19 of 23 had greater than 50 percent crescents. Every patient responded on a short-term basis to either large-dose pulse methylprednisolone or plasma exchange, with reduction of the mean plasma creatinine level from 6.5 ± 2.0 mg/dl to 2.9 ± 1.0 mg/dl (p results: Three died of non-renal causes. Fifty percent of the remaining 20 patients maintained stable renal function for at least two years. Four of nine patients followed-up for longer than two years had a relapse, but all responded again to therapy. No characteristic clinical symptoms predicting relapse were found, although nearly all had hematuria and proteinuria. Complications of therapy were frequent and may have contributed to death in two patients. conclusion: Thus, long remissions are seen in most patients with RPGN treated aggressively.
Lubrication With Emulsion in Cold Rolling

Petroleum oil-in-water emulsion, where water is the continuous phase, is often employed under circumstances where the high heat capacity of water is beneficial while the poor lubricating properties of an oil-in-water emulsion can be tolerated. Usage includes cold-rolling but also some hot rolling applications. However, emulsions do not exhibit Newtonian behavior even when their individual components themselves are Newtonian, thus classical lubrication theory is not valid for these applications. In this paper we employ the extended Reynolds equations of Al-Sharif et al., derived for binary mixture lubricants, to study strip-rolling lubricated with oil-in-water emulsion. We are able to predict several experimentally observed phenomena such as oil-pooling, enhancement of oil-pooling with increased strip yield stress and with increased roller speed.
Metagenomic Profiling of a Microbial Assemblage Associated with the California Mussel: A Node in Networks of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling

Mussels are conspicuous and often abundant members of rocky shores and may constitute an important site for the nitrogen cycle due to their feeding and excretion activities. We used shotgun metagenomics of the microbial community associated with the surface of mussels (Mytilus californianus) on Tatoosh Island in Washington state to test whether there is a nitrogen-based microbial assemblage associated with mussels. Analyses of both tidepool mussels and those on emergent benches revealed a diverse community of Bacteria and Archaea with approximately 31 million bp from 6 mussels in each habitat. Using MG-RAST, between 22.5–25.6% were identifiable using the SEED non-redundant database for proteins. Of those fragments that were identifiable through MG-RAST, the composition was dominated by Cyanobacteria and Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria. Microbial composition was highly similar between the tidepool and emergent bench mussels, suggesting similar functions across these different microhabitats. One percent of the proteins identified in each sample were related to nitrogen cycling. When normalized to protein discovery rate, the high diversity and abundance of enzymes related to the nitrogen cycle in mussel-associated microbes is as great or greater than that described for other marine metagenomes. In some instances, the nitrogen-utilizing profile of this assemblage was more concordant with soil metagenomes in the Midwestern U.S. than for open ocean system. Carbon fixation and Calvin cycle enzymes further represented 0.65 and 1.26% of all proteins and their abundance was comparable to a number of open ocean marine metagenomes. In sum, the diversity and abundance of nitrogen and carbon cycle related enzymes in the microbes occupying the shells of Mytilus californianus suggest these mussels provide a node for microbial populations and thus biogeochemical processes.
Electrochemical and peroxidase oxidation study of N'-hydroxyguanidine derivatives as NO donors.

Abstract The electrochemical properties of a series of N -substituted- N ′-hydroxyguanidines were studied. Two oxidation potentials of each compound were obtained by cyclic voltammetry. The E ox1 values were from 0.51 to 0.62 V, while the E ox2 values were from 1.14 to 1.81 V in acetonitrile solution. Next, their enzymatic controlled NO release abilities were evaluated. All N ′-hydroxyguanidines exhibited efficient NO release abilities under the oxidation by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of H 2 O 2 .
Extinction, working memory, and line bisection in spatial neglect

The authors studied four patients with spatial neglect, using a task in which lines contain an off-centered bisection mark and a task in which the right and left segments of these bisected lines are presented independently and sequentially. In the prebisected line task, subjects reported the position of the bisection. In the segments task, subjects compared the length of the segments. Accuracy was greater with the sequential presentation of line segments, suggesting that an extinction-like phenomenon plays a role in line bisection bias.
The Recovery-Voltage Analyzer for Determination of Circuit Recovery Characteristics

Widespread interest in transient recovery voltage phenomena has led to the development of a device for determining the recovery characteristics of circuit and apparatus. The problem was solved by making use of the inultiple surge testing technique which, in turn, involves the use of a low voltage repeating type surge generator. This paper describes the method and necessary equipment and indicates the range of conditions to which they may be applied. Demonstration tests on miniature and full scale circuits are also shown.
A GREEN BANK TELESCOPE SURVEY FOR H I 21 cm ABSORPTION IN THE DISKS AND HALOS OF LOW-REDSHIFT GALAXIES*

We present an H I 21 cm absorption survey with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) of galaxy-quasar pairs selected by combining galaxy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and radio sources from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey. Our sample consists of 23 sight lines through 15 low-redshift foreground galaxy-background quasar pairs with impact parameters ranging from 1.7 kpc up to 86.7 kpc. We detected one absorber in the GBT survey from the foreground dwarf galaxy, GQ1042+0747, at an impact parameter of 1.7 kpc and another possible absorber in our follow-up Very Large Array (VLA) imaging of the nearby foreground galaxy UGC 7408. The line widths of both absorbers are narrow (FWHM of 3.6 and 4.8km s–1). The absorbers have sub-damped Lyα column densities, and most likely originate in the disk gas of the foreground galaxies. We also detected H I emission from three foreground galaxies including UGC 7408. Although our sample contains both blue and red galaxies, the two H I absorbers as well as the H I emissions are associated with blue galaxies. We discuss the physical conditions in the 21 cm absorbers and some drawbacks of the large GBT beam for this type of survey.
Comments on "A Counterexample to a Diameter Algorithm for Convex Polygons

In this paper we report the results of experimental studies of zero-level, one-level, and two-level search rearrangement backtracking. We establish upper and lower limits for the size problem for which one-level backtracking is preferred over zero-level and two-level methods, thereby showing that the zero-level method is best for very small problems. The one-level method is best for moderate size problems, and the two-level method is best for extremely large problems. Together with our theoretical asymptotic formulas, these measurements provide a useful guide for selecting the best search rearrangement method for a particular problem.
International Perspectives on Bilingual Education: Policy, Practice and Controversy edited by PETROVIC, JOHN E.

The article reviews the book "International Perspectives on Bilingual Education: Policy, Practice and Controversy," edited by John E. Petrovic.
Focused Ultrasound to Expel Calculi From the Kidney

Purpose: A persistent stone burden after renal stone treatment may result in future patient morbidity and potentially lead to additional surgery. This problem is particularly common after treatment of lower pole stones. We describe a potential noninvasive therapeutic option using ultrasound waves to create a force sufficient to aid in stone fragment expulsion.Materials and Methods: Human stones were implanted by retrograde ureteroscopy or antegrade percutaneous access in a live porcine model. The calibrated probe of a system containing ultrasound imaging and focused ultrasound was used to target stones and attempt displacement. To assess for injury an additional 6 kidneys were exposed for 2 minutes each directly to the output used for stone movement. Another 6 kidneys were exposed to more than twice the maximum output used to move stones. Renal tissue was analyzed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide staining.Results: Stones were moved to the renal pelvis or ure...
Loss of Gli3 and Shh function disrupts olfactory axon trajectories.

The transcriptional regulator Gli3 and the secreted signal Shh influence induction, patterning, and differentiation at several sites of mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) interaction including the limbs, heart, face, and forebrain. We asked whether loss of function of these two genes has specific consequences for early differentiation of the primary olfactory pathway—which comprises both craniofacial and forebrain structures and depends on M/E induction during initial stages of development. Loss of Gli3 or Shh function does not compromise several aspects of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) and olfactory ensheathing cell maturation; however, directed outgrowth of ORN axons and their initial targeting to the telencephalon is altered. In Gli3 mutant extra toes-Jackson (XtJXtJ) embryos, ORN axons defasciculate and project aberrantly near the forebrain. They rarely enter the central nervous system, and their association with mesenchymal laminin is disrupted. In Shh−/−embryos, ORN axons exit a single olfactory epithelium (OE) that develops centrally within an altered mesenchymal environment in a dysmorphic proboscis. These axons project as a single nerve toward the mutant forebrain; however, their trajectory varies according to the position of the proboscis relative to the forebrain. These alterations in axon outgrowth probably reflect compromised inductive interactions in the olfactory primordia because neither Gli3 nor Shh are expressed in olfactory neurons. Thus, two genes that influence induction and subsequent differentiation of craniofacial structures and the forebrain have distinct consequences for ORN axon growth during the initial genesis of the olfactory pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:292–307, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multi-objective particle swarm optimization of binary geothermal power plants

Abstract In this paper, a method for determining the optimum use of a superheater and/or recuperator in a binary geothermal power plant is developed. Additionally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is developed to intelligently explore the trade-off between specific work output and specific heat exchanger area and allow visualization of the entire Pareto-optimal set of designs for a wide range of geothermal brine temperatures and dry-bulb temperatures. Selected data is tabulated to show representative optimal designs for each combination of dry-bulb temperature and brine temperature. This work illustrates the development and use of a sophisticated analysis tool utilizing multi-objective particle swarm optimization to allow calculation of the Pareto-optimal set of designs under any combination of dry-bulb temperature and brine temperature while accounting for necessary real-world constraints.
A computer graphics assisted system for management

Everyone agrees that a "picture is worth a thousand words". However, it is not yet obvious that it would make good business sense for managers to make liberal use of Computer Graphing in almost all phases of business decision-making. This paper asserts that it is convenient and practical where something worthwhile can be gained by study of variation of such important parameters as demand, inventory level, or sales, with time or with respect to another independent variable.
ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TEETH FROM CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT CYSTIC FIBROSIS BY PIXE-PIGE

The objective of this research is to determine whether there is a difference in the Ca, P, Fe, F, Mg, and Sr concentrations in teeth from children with and without cystic fibrosis (CF) as a function of age, sex of the child, maternal smoking habit, maternal drinking habit, and fluoridation of water supply. The nuclear analytical methods used were Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) and Proton-Induced Gamma Emission (PIGE). The findings are: (1) the concentration of Mg is higher in the teeth of children with cystic fibrosis who took antibiotics other than tetracycline (CF+NT) than in non-cystic fibrosis (NCF) teeth for the “female” category; (2) P concentration is less in (CF+NT) teeth for the “age greater than ten” group; (3) Fe concentration is greater for females in the NCF group; (4) Ca and Fe concentrations are lower for CF than for NCF in the “mother smokes” group; (5) F and Sr concentrations for CF+NT are higher for the “mother drinks” group than for the “mother does not drink” group; (6) “mother smokes” shows a depletion of Ca and Fe compared to “mother does not smoke” for CF+NT. (7) “fluoridation of water supply” shows an increase in F, except for NCF teeth.
Nature of the staging transformation in graphite intercalation compounds.

We suggest that the staging transformation in graphite intercalation compounds takes place through metastable, partly disordered states. A specific mechanism, involving nucleation of defect sandwiches of stage n +- 1 in the stage-n phase, is proposed. We predict that the staging disorder is associated with hysteresis and remains at low temperatures.
Simulation model of a predator-prey system comprised ofPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) andTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). I. Structure and validation of the model

Presentation d'un modele mathematique simulant la dynamique de populations interactives d'un acarien predateur (P.p.) et de sa proie (T.u.) et developpe pour determiner quels sont les traits du systeme predateur-proie qui ont l'effet le plus marque sur le comportement de ce systeme. Etudes de validation
ON THE INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF BANK REGULATION

This paper offers a three-way typology of bank regulation and examines the question of international harmonization for each category. For economic regulation, the danger is that harmonization could support and preserve domestic protectionist regulatory regimes, but it could instead be a beneficial guise for lowering protectionist barriers; the latter efforts should be encouraged. For prudential regulation, national regulation should be adequate to handle the extra stresses of international banking. Harmonization efforts (e.g. the Basle accord) may offer only modest help; but the Accord may offer indirect help, by limiting national governments' competitive efforts implicitly to subsidize their banks' risk-taking activities. Finally, for information regulation, national regulation appears to be adequate, and international harmonization does not appear to be necessary. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press.
Unbounded Holomorphic Functional Calculus and Abstract Cauchy Problems for Operators with Polynomially Bounded Resolvents

Abstract We consider linear unbounded operators, B , on a Banach space, X , whose spectrum is contained in an open set, V , such that the resolvent ( w − B ) −1 exists and is O ((1 + |w|) α ), for w ∉ V , for some α ≥ −1; we will call this an operator of α-type V .For such operators, we construct a functional calculus, ƒ↦ƒ( B ), defined for functions holomorphic on V , whose real part is bounded above, such that ƒ( B ) generates an exponentially bounded (λ − B ) − m -semigroup, where m ≡ [α] + 2, λ ∉ V . This map is a continuous algebra homomorphism, in a sense that is made precise later. We give best possible spectral mapping theorems.Applications of this construction include the following. We characterize subsets, V , of the complex plane, with the property that, whenever A is densely defined and of α-type V , then the abstract Cauchy problem has a solution, for all initial data in a dense set. We show that, when B is of a-type V , then there exists a Ranach subspace, Y , such that [ D ( B m )] ↷ Y ↷ X and there exists an H ∞ ( V )-functional calculus for B | Y . On this interpolating space, the imaginary powers of B form a ( C 0 )-group and we have spectral decompositions of B , when V is disconnected. Our construction produces solutions, for all initial data in dense sets, of wide classes of first and second order Cauchy problems, including the Schrodinger equation, the backwards heat equation and the Laplace equation, on L p ( R n ) or L p (Ω), I ≤ p ≤ ∞, where Ω is a region in R n with smooth boundary. We also consider incomplete Cauchy problems of arbitrarily high order.We emphasize that, in our construction of ƒ( B ), we do not assume that ƒ is meromorphic at ∞. This allows us to define exponentials, cosines and logarithms of B directly, for large classes of operators, B ; for example, we may define the exponential, e 5 , of an operator, B , with real spectrum.
Excretion of Poliomyelitis Virus by Monkeys used for Testing Material of Human Origin.

SummaryPoliomyelitis virus was recovered from the colon contents of both rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys used in the routine testing of infectious human stools by means of nasal instillation, in addition to other routes of inoculation, when the interval between the last nasal instillation of infectious human stool and the first appearance of paralysis was 4 days or less. In none of 11 paralyzed rhesus monkeys in which this interval was from 5 to 18 days was virus found in the colon contents. The 4-day period following the last nasal instillation of infective human stools may be taken as the time required for elimination of virus swallowed by monkeys, when no local multiplication occurs. The present data indicate that monkeys, receiving human stool suspensions by the nasal or oral route, are a potential source of infection not only to their caretakers but also to other primates in the same animal quarters unless special precautions are taken to avoid fecal contamination. No evidence was obtained that poliomy...
Miniature high-resolution imaging system with 3D MOEMS beam scanning for Mars exploration

A compact confocal imaging instrument is described that makes use of a high-performance bi-axial Silicon torsion mirror, in concert with a reflective dynamic parabolic membrane mirror to provide 3D beam scanning. This beam scan engine is incorporated into a confocal imaging Raman spectrometer under development for exploration of Martian rocks and soil, designed to achieve optical resolution of 1 micrometers at (lambda) equals 850 nm, with a field of view of 300 micrometers and focus control of more than 200 micrometers . Fast x-y beam scanning is achieved with the bi-axial scanner, while the parabolic membrane provides both static and dynamic focus control for gross instrument focus as well as on-the fly field curvature correction or substrate contour tracing. In this paper we describe the MOEM elements as well as on-the-fly curvature correction or substrate contour tracing. In this paper we describe the MOEM elements as well as the overall instrument architecture. We also present initial imaging results using the torsion mirror scanner, and we describe the dynamic focus element fabrication, modeling and preliminary experimental characterization.
Mechanisms of Calcification in Aortic Valve Disease: Role of Mechanokinetics and Mechanodynamics

The aortic valve is highly responsive to cyclical and continuous mechanical forces, at the macroscopic and cellular levels. In this report, we delineate mechanokinetics (effects of mechanical inputs on the cells) and mechanodynamics (effects of cells and pathologic processes on the mechanics) of the aortic valve, with a particular focus on how mechanical inputs synergize with the inflammatory cytokine and other biomolecular signaling to contribute to the process of aortic valve calcification.
A Two Stage Solution Procedure for the Lock Box Location Problem

New lock box solution techniques have recently been suggested by Stone and Nauss-Markland. This paper briefly discusses these new methodologies and shows how the algorithms can be combined into a third solution procedure which exploits the computational efficiency of the Stone heuristic and retains the optimizing property of the Nauss-Markland algorithm.
Genomics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia MicroRNAs as New Players With Clinical Significance

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent leukemia in adults in the Western world, is characterized by predominantly nondividing malignant CD5+ B cells overexpressing the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein. Significant familial aggregation with largely unknown mode of inheritance has been demonstrated. Until recently little else was known regarding the events leading to CLL initiation and progression. New findings support the view that CLL is a genetic disease where the main alterations occur at the level of transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation of the malignant cells genome because of deregulations of a new class of genes named microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA genes miR-15a and miR-16-1, located at 13q14.3, are frequently deleted and/or downregulated in patients with B-cell CLL. Both microRNAs negatively regulate Bcl2 at a post-transcriptional level and this repression is enough to induce apoptosis. Therefore, miR-15 and miR-16 are natural antisense Bcl2 interactors that could be used for therapy of Bcl2-overexpressing tumors. Furthermore, microRNA expression profiles can distinguish normal B cells from malignant B cells in CLL. A unique microRNA signature is associated with prognostic factors such as mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region gene (IgV(H)) or high expression of the 70-kd zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70+) and disease progression in CLL. Mutations in miRNA transcripts are frequent, some of them germ-line, and may have functional importance and may predispose to CLL and to a spectrum of associated malignancies.
Thin film isolators utilizing MSSW transducers

This paper presents a novel concept of ferrite isolators. The new type of isolator is comprised of a nonreciprocal surface wave transducer in the form a miniature strip line mated with a finite ground plane. The transducer is constructed on a thin YIG film grown on a GGG substrate. Since thin magnetic films can be grown on GaAs or Si, the present isolator can be built and integrated on the same chip with other passive and active devices. A 250 microns/spl times/2000 microns version of the new structure gave a 6 dB insertion loss and about 30 dB of isolation at 7.8 GHz. The return loss was more than 20 dB. >
Monoplex/multiplex linear-after-the-exponential-PCR assays combined with PrimeSafe and Dilute-'N'-Go sequencing

This protocol describes the design and execution of monoplex and multiplex linear-after-the-exponential (LATE)-PCR assays using a novel reagent, PrimeSafe, that suppresses all forms of mispriming. LATE-PCR is an advanced form of asymmetric amplification that uses a limiting primer and an excess primer for efficient exponential amplification of double-stranded DNA, followed by linear amplification of one strand. Each single-stranded amplicon can be quantitatively detected in real time or at end point. By separating primer annealing from product detection, LATE-PCR enables product analysis at low temperatures. Alternatively, each single strand can be sequenced by a convenient Dilute-'N'-Go procedure. Amplified samples are diluted with individual sequencing primers without the use of columns or spins. We have amplified and then sequenced 15 different single-stranded products generated in a single multiplexed LATE-PCR comprised of 15 pairs of unrelated primers. Dilute-'N'-Go dideoxy sequencing is more convenient, faster and less expensive than sequencing double-stranded amplicons generated via conventional symmetric PCR. The preparation of LATE-PCR products for Dilute-'N'-Go sequencing takes only 30 seconds.
Power transmission control using distributed max-flow

Existing maximum flow algorithms use one processor for all calculations or one processor per vertex in a graph to calculate the maximum possible flow through a graph's vertices. This is not suitable for practical implementation. We extend the max-flow work of Goldberg and Tarjan to a distributed algorithm to calculate maximum flow where the number of processors is less than the number of vertices in a graph. Our algorithm is applied to maximizing electrical flow within a power network where the power grid is modeled as a graph. Error detection measures are included to detect problems in a simulated power network. We show that our algorithm is successful in executing quickly enough to prevent catastrophic power outages.
Towards a Theory of Robust Localization Against Malicious Beacon Nodes

Localization in the presence of malicious beacon nodes is an important problem in wireless networks. Although significant progress has been made on this problem, some fundamental theoretical questions still remain unanswered: in the presence of malicious beacon nodes, what are the necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee a bounded error during 2-dimensional location estimation? Under these necessary and sufficient conditions, what class of localization algorithms can provide that error bound? In this paper, we try to answer these questions. Specifically, we show that, when the number of malicious beacons is greater than or equal to some threshold, there is no localization algorithm that can have a bounded error. Furthermore, when the number of malicious beacons is below that threshold, we identify a class of localization algorithms that can ensure that the localization error is bounded. We also outline two algorithms in this class, one of which is guaranteed to finish in polynomial time (in the number of beacons providing information) in the worst case, while the other is based on a heuristic and is practically efficient. For completeness, we also extend the above results to the 3-dimensional case. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution has very good localization accuracy and computational efficiency.
Microfluidic origami for point-of-care extraction of nucleic acids from viscous samples

We present a low-cost microfluidic origami device for point-of-care extraction of bacterial DNA from raw viscous samples - a challenge for conventional microfluidic systems. The core idea is a novel method for sequencing arbitrarily complex chemical and physical processing steps through sequential folding of 2D surfaces. This folding creates temporary paper fluidic circuits substituting capillary flow for pumps, and folding and unfolding for valves. Demonstrated here is room temperature cell lysis and DNA extraction from E. coli spiked pig mucin (simulating sputum) without the use of external power. Device fabrication takes less than 30 min, and can be adapted for mass production in the developing world.
Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala

Traditional approaches to the study of cognition emphasize an information-processing view that has generally excluded emotion. In contrast, the recent emergence of cognitive neuroscience as an inspiration for understanding human cognition has highlighted its interaction with emotion. This review explores insights into the relations between emotion and cognition that have resulted from studies of the human amygdala. Five topics are explored: emotional learning, emotion and memory, emotion's influence on attention and perception, processing emotion in social stimuli, and changing emotional responses. Investigations into the neural systems underlying human behavior demonstrate that the mechanisms of emotion and cognition are intertwined from early perception to reasoning. These findings suggest that the classic division between the study of emotion and cognition may be unrealistic and that an understanding of human cognition requires the consideration of emotion.