cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system

The physiology of the vasculature in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and other factors, complicates the delivery of most drugs to the brain. Different methods have been used to bypass the BBB, but they have limitations such as being invasive, non-targeted or requiring the formulation of new drugs. Focused ultrasound (FUS), when combined with circulating microbubbles, is a noninvasive method to locally and transiently disrupt the BBB at discrete targets. The method presents new opportunities for the use of drugs and for the study of the brain.
Atypical Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System.

Pediatric central nervous system demyelinating diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). As diagnostic criteria become more inclusive, the risk of misdiagnosis of atypical demyelinating diseases of rheumatologic, infectious, and autoimmune etiology increases. We review mimics of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, including rheumatologic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus and neuro-Behcet disease; infectious diseases: human immunodeficiency virus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and subacute sclerosis panencephalitis; and autoimmune diseases including X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) encephalopathy. Atypical demyelinating disease may mimic classic neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Imaging may meet criteria for a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, or patients may present with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis consistent with neuromyelitis optica spectrum or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disorders. Through careful history-taking and review of atypical MRI findings, we may avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. Follow these recommendations to help reduce your risk for high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Linda B. Bobroff and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy305
Aviation Safety: A Whole New World?

In 2017, over four billion passengers worldwide embarked on air journeys on scheduled flights. Only eight of them were killed in air accidents. Viewed in isolation, this outcome would suggest that ...
Primary care pharmacy technicians: Effect on pharmacist workload and patient access to clinical pharmacy services

PURPOSE Improve patient access to clinical pharmacy services and decrease pharmacist technical task workload in primary care (PC) clinics. SUMMARY Due to concerns with the amount of technical tasks performed by University of Wisconsin Health PC clinical pharmacists negatively impacting their capacity to care for patients and perform clinical tasks, the pharmacy department piloted a new PC pharmacy technician role that involved completion of technical tasks previously performed by PC pharmacists. PC pharmacist daily technical and clinical activities were identified through shadowing and quantified by a 4-week period of work sampling. A PC pharmacist workgroup determined the technical tasks that would be appropriate for a pharmacy technician to complete and developed the technician workflows. A PC pharmacy technician was implemented during a 3-week pilot, when pharmacist daily technical and clinical activities were quantified through work sampling. Following implementation, a 52.7% (P < 0.001) relative reduction and a 10.2% (P < 0.001) relative increase in pharmacist technical and clinical activities, respectively, were identified. Additionally, a 10% relative increase from the previous 3-month average was observed in the PC pharmacist rolling patient panel size during the pilot period, correlating with an increase of patient access to pharmacist clinical services. CONCLUSION Up to 17% of PC pharmacist daily activities are technical tasks. Leveraging pharmacy technicians to support pharmacists with completion of these tasks increases patient access to clinical pharmacy services but requires additional staff resources.
Best practices for precipitation sample storage for offline studies of ice nucleation

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are efficiently removed from clouds through precipitation, a convenience of nature for the study of these very rare particles that influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties including ice crystal concentrations, size distributions, and phase-partitioning processes. INPs suspended in precipitation can be used to estimate in-cloud INP concentrations and to infer their original composition. Offline droplet assays are commonly used to measure INP concentrations in precipitation samples. Heat and filtration treatments are also used to probe INP composition and size ranges. Many previous studies report storing samples prior to INP analyses, but little is known about the effects of storage on INP concentration or their sensitivity to treatments. Here, through a study of 15 precipitation samples collected at a coastal location in La Jolla, CA, USA, we found significant changes caused by storage to concentrations of INPs with warm to moderate freezing temperatures (−7 to −19 oC). We compared four conditions: 1.) storage at room temperature (+21–23 oC), 2.) storage at +4 oC 3.) storage at −20 oC, and 4.) flash freezing samples with liquid nitrogen prior to storage at −20 oC. Results demonstrate that storage can lead to both enhancements and losses of greater than one order of magnitude, with non-heat-labile INPs being generally less sensitive to storage regime, but significant losses of INPs smaller than 0.45 μm in all tested storage protocols. No correlation was found between total storage time (1–166 days) and changes in INP concentration. We provide the following recommendations for preservation of precipitation samples from coastal environments intended for INP analysis: that samples be stored at −20 oC to minimize storage artifacts, that changes due to storage are likely and an additional uncertainty in INP concentrations, and that filtration treatments be applied only to fresh samples. Average INP losses of 72 %, 42 %, 25 % and 32 % were observed for untreated samples stored using the room temperature, +4 oC, −20 oC, and flash frozen protocols, respectively. Finally, correction factors are provided so that INP measurements obtained from stored samples may be used to estimate concentrations in fresh samples.
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship Among Asymptomatic Newborns Born at or Greater than 36 Weeks Using the Neonatal Early Onset Risk Calculator

Background: The potential deleterious effects of antibiotic use in newborns have made antibiotic stewardship for asymptomatic newborns a priority. In January 2016, we instituted a newborn sepsis protocol based largely on the 2012 AAP guidelines. By December 2016, we determined that our antibiotic use had not decreased, and resolved to conduct a PDSA cycle to decrease antibiotic usage. Beginning in June of 2017, we adopted a clinical algorithm which integrated the use of the Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) Risk Calculator at birth. We were able to decrease the use …
Abstract 144: Roles of Aging and Cellular Senescence in Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture

Background: Aging is an independent risk factor for the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. One of the hallmarks of aging is chronic tissue inflammation. Sirtuin-1 keeps inflammation in check through...
A Perspective for Understanding Trauma and the Criminal Juvenile Justice System: Using a Trauma-Informed Lens for Meaningful and Sustained Change.

ABSTRACT Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder are common and are associated with a wide range of negative psychiatric and physical outcomes. Furthermore, a large percentage of justice-involved youth have high rates of trauma exposure and trauma-related symptoms. Addressing these issues would improve outcomes at the level of the justice system overall and in the lives of justice-involved youth. Nonetheless, awareness, education, and implementation of trauma-informed approaches in the criminal juvenile justice system are lacking. This article explores current literature that operationalizes trauma-informed practices and approaches in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Unfortunately, there is no shared understanding or definition of trauma and no predictability in trauma-informed practices and approaches in the criminal juvenile justice system. Despite the presence of written policies, the application and execution of such policies are limited and inconsistent throughout the system. These limitations contribute to ongoing, systemic institutional racism, lack of mental health or substance abuse treatment, limited diversion options, and unnecessary jail and prison sentences, which together amplify financial and humanitarian costs. We argue that in order for the criminal juvenile justice system to become trauma-informed, it should (1) meet basic needs of clients, (2) check and change narratives, and check underlying assumptions, (3) focus on skill building/habilitation, (4) move away from punishment and toward rehabilitation and humanitarian approaches, and (5) heal and support members that work in and for the system. We conclude that there is a need to improve processes for education, training, and coaching in, and consistent application of, trauma-informed practices and approaches within the criminal and juvenile justice systems.
Slowdown in emerging markets : rough patch or prolonged weakness?

A synchronous growth slowdown has been underway in emerging markets (EM) since 2010. Growth in these countries is now markedly slower than, not just the pre‐crisis average, but also the long‐term average. As a group, EM growth eased from 7.6 percent in 2010 to 4.5 percent in 2014, and is projected to slow further to below 4 percent in 2015. This moderation has affected all regions (except South Asia) and is the most severe in Latin America and the Caribbean. The deceleration is highly synchronous across countries, especially among large EM. By 2015, China, Russia, and South Africa had all experienced three consecutive years of slower growth. The EM‐AE growth differential has narrowed to two percentage points in 2015, well below the 2003‐08 average of 4.8 percentage points and near the long‐term average differential of 1990‐2008. The recent slowdown in EM has been a source of a lively debate, as evident from the quotations at the beginning of this note. Some economists paint a bleak picture for the future of EM and argue that the impressive growth performance of EM prior to the crisis was driven by temporary commodity booms and rapid debt accumulation, and will not be sustained. Others emphasize that a wide range of cyclical and structural factors are driving the slowdown: weakening macroeconomic fundamentals after the crisis; prospective tightening in financial conditions; resurfacing of deep‐rooted governance problems in EM; and difficulty adjusting to disruptive technological changes. Still others highlight differences across EM and claim that some of them are in a better position to weather the slowdown and will likely register strong growth in the future. This policy research note seeks to help move the debate forward by examining the main features, drivers, and implications of the recent EM slowdown and provides a comprehensive analysis of available policy options to counteract it.
The timing of opportunities to prevent mass shootings: a study of mental health contacts, work and school problems, and firearms acquisition.

Although it is important to know what public mass shooters have in common, it is also helpful to understand when different variables were present on their pathways to violence. This study explored the timing of key life events for the deadliest public mass shooters in the United States since Columbine (N = 14). Using data from official reports and supplementary sources, we found perpetrators' mental health contacts often began more than a decade before their mass shootings, and often ended more than a year before their attacks. Mental illness was typically a constant in their lives, not something that automatically caused them to attack. While treatment may help prevent some mass shootings, mental health professionals have limited influence over patients they have not recently seen. In turn, perpetrators' work and school problems also typically began long before their mass shootings, but these issues continued closer to their attacks. Employers and educators may therefore have an opportunity to intervene later in the process. Firearms acquisition often occurred in the final stages, after perpetrators were already interested in mass murder. Red flag laws and ERPOs which prohibit sales to explicitly dangerous individuals may therefore help reduce the prevalence of these attacks.
Strategies toward the Synthesis of Advanced Functional Sorbent Performance for Uranium Uptake from Seawater

A polymer fiber-based adsorbent (AF1) composed of acrylonitrile and itaconic acid functional groups was synthesized by a radiation-induced graft polymerization technique onto hollow-gear shaped pol...
Glory of piezoelectric perovskites

AbstractThis article reviews the history of piezoelectric perovskites and forecasts future development trends, including Uchino’s discoveries such as the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 electrostrictor, Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystal, (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 photostriction, and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3–Terfenol magnetoelectric composites. We discuss five key trends in the development of piezomaterials: performance to reliability, hard to soft, macro to nano, homo to hetero, and single to multi-functional.
America’s Rivers and the American Experiment1

Doyle, Martin W., 2012. America’s Rivers and the American Experiment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 820-837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00652.x Abstract: America’s rivers are managed, over long periods of time, based on the most basic ideologies of the United States (U.S.) government. An essential notion of the U.S. government, and thus a necessity of river management, is governing as experiment. This leads to three necessary characteristics of river management: (1) adapting management practices based on experience and thus creating management and agency structures that are highly malleable and that can change directions, (2) overlapping of management roles and responsibilities between agencies which includes intentional redundancy and interagency competition, and (3) federalism — the devolution of responsibilities between national, state, and other unit governments (e.g., municipalities, counties). While these characteristics are often criticized as inefficient, in fact they have provided a surprisingly effective system for river management that has responded to the needs of society at different times and in different places. A key question for river and water resource managers is whether this particular system, so initially unappealing, is best able to meet the future needs of the U.S.
Partitioning of Heat Losses and Gains in Premature Newborn Infants Under Radiant Warmers

The partition of heat loss into convective and evaporative components, and heat gain into metabolic rate of production and radiant heat needed to maintain thermal equilibrium was determined in ten premature neonates (weight 1.39 +/- .08 [SEM] kg, gestation 31 +/- 1 weeks) who were nursed naked and supine on open radiant warmer beds. Warmer beds were servocontrolled to maintain each infant's abdominal skin temperature at three different levels: 35.5, 36.5, and 37.5 degrees C. The quantity of radiant heat delivered by the warmer in vivo was measured directly and compared with the heat need calculated from the partition. Convective heat loss comprised the major component of net heat loss and increased significantly with servocontrol temperature from 2.86 +/- .24 to 3.27 +/- .23 kcal/kg/h (P less than .01), and to 3.72 +/- .26 kcal/kg/h (P less than .001). Evaporative heat loss increased with servocontrol temperature from .96 +/- .13 to 1.41 +/- .33 kcal/kg/h, and to 1.35 +/- .32 kcal/kg/h, but this increase was not significant. Metabolic rate decreased from 2.08 +/- .17 to 1.90 +/- .14 kcal/kg/h, and to 1.78 +/- .16 kcal/kg/h with increased servocontrol temperature, but this decrease was not significant. Radiant heat needed to maintain infants at higher temperatures increased from 1.73 to 2.80 kcal/kg/h, and to 3.32 kcal/kg/h. The radiant heat delivered by the warmer to infants was directly proportional to the heat need calculated from the partition (r = .68, P less than .001).
Scientific Computation with JavaSpaces

JavaSpaces provides a simple yet expressive mechanism for distributed computing with commodity technology. We discuss the suitability of JavaSpaces for implementing different classes of concurrent computations based on low-level metrics (null messaging and array I/O), and present performance results for several parametric algorithms. We found that although inefficient for communication intensive problems, JavaSpaces yields good speedups for parametric experiments, relative to both sequential Java and C. We also outline a dynamic native compilation technique, which for short, compute-intensive codes further boosts performance without compromising Java portability or extensive algorithm recoding. Discussion and empirical results are presented in the context of our public benchmark suite.
Cellular Mechanisms of Insulin Action

Insulin is a highly pleiotropic hormone, with predominantly anabolic actions in a variety of tissues. Selectivity of final responses to insulin arises both from cell-specific expression of final effector proteins and by activation of different signaling pathways. We will consider first an overview of mechanisms of insulin action in normal human physiology, introducing the pathways, players, and principles involved, before returning to consider how these elements are modulated in type 2 diabetes. While the critical initial studies in this area were performed in animal and cell systems and later confirmed in humans, for the consideration of pathophysiology we will concentrate on the literature concerning insulin action in humans. This is intended to be an overview of the field; readers will be directed to reviews on specific topics.
Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging to facilitate super‐selective arterial clamping during zero‐ischaemia robotic partial nephrectomy

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? There is concern that warm ischaemia time during partial nephrectomy may have an adverse impact on postoperative renal function. As a result, there is increased interest in developing a safe and effective method for performing non-ischaemic partial nephrectomy. Several novel approaches have recently been described. We present our initial experience performing zero-ischaemia partial nephrectomy using near-infrared fluorescence imaging to facilitate super-selective arterial clamping. We report the operative and early postoperative outcomes from such cases as compared with a matched cohort of patients undergoing traditional partial nephrectomy with clamping of the main renal artery. We show that this technique is both safe and effective and may lead to improved renal preservation at short-term follow-up. Objective To describe a novel technique of eliminating renal ischaemia during robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. Patients and Methods Over an 8-month period (March 2011 to November 2011), 34 patients were considered for zero-ischaemia RPN using the da Vinci NIRF system. Targeted tertiary/higher-order tumour-specific branches were controlled with robotic bulldog(s) or neurosurgical aneurysm micro-bulldog(s). Indocyanine green dye was given, and NIRF imaging used to confirm super-selective ischaemia, defined as darkened tumour/peri-tumour area with green fluorescence of remaining kidney. Matched pair analysis was performed by matching each patient undergoing zero-ischaemia RPN (n = 27) to a previous conventional RPN (n = 27) performed by the same surgeon. Results Of 34 patients, 27 (79.4%) underwent successful zero-ischaemia RPN; seven (20.6%) required conversion to main renal artery clamping (ischaemia time <30 min) for the following reasons: persistent tumour fluorescence after clamping indicating inadequate tumoral devascularization (n = 5), and parenchymal bleeding during RPN (n = 2). Matched-pair analysis showed comparable outcomes between cohorts, except for longer operating time (256 vs 212 min, P = 0.02) and superior kidney function (reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (−1.8% vs −14.9%, P = 0.03) in the zero-ischaemia cohort. All surgical margins were negative. Conclusions In this pilot study, we show that zero-ischaemia RPN with NIRF is a safe alternative to conventional RPN with main renal artery clamping. Eliminating global ischaemia may improve functional outcomes at short-term follow-up.
The effect of right atrial catheters on infectious complications of chemotherapy in children.

Rates of infections and catheter complications in children with right atrial catheters (RACs) receiving chemotherapy were compared with those without RACs in a retrospective cohort study. One hundred sixty-five children presenting to Yale-New Haven Hospital with a malignancy diagnosed between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1985 were followed through June 30, 1986 for the number of treatment-related complications resulting in hospitalization. The time on therapy totaled 80,089 person-days that were divided into 510 periods of observation defined by the presence or absence of a RAC, disease status (remission, partial remission, or relapse), intensity of chemotherapy (using a 0 to 4 scale), and use of radiation therapy. Children with RACs experienced markedly higher rates of sepsis (14-fold higher, P less than .0001) and catheter-site infection or other catheter complications requiring hospitalization (both greater than 30-fold higher, P less than .0001). These effects persisted after controlling for other...
Utilization of the Guggenheim method in kinetics.

The Guggenheim method for the evaluation of rate constants is shown to be applicable to a wide range of problems that are of pharmaceutical interest. These include reaction kinetics in which more than one product is produced from a common reactant, consecutive first-order reactions, dissolution followed by partitioning into a lipid phase, the use of dissolution kinetics to obtain drug solubility, and the analysis of drugs through kinetics.
Comprehensiveness of Indexing in Three Music Periodical Index Databases

Abstract International Index to Music Periodicals, Music Index Online, and RILM Abstracts of Music Literature are the principal databases for music research. While similarities exist between these databases in terms of titles indexed, as well as in terms of the depth and extent of coverage, the differences are significant. An understanding of indexing practices will influence subscription decisions and the selection of databases for particular research needs. One measure of the effectiveness of an index is the comprehensiveness of its indexing; that is, the extent to which single issues are analyzed. In this study six widely-subscribed music periodicals were exhaustively searched in all three indexes. In addition to typographical errors, spelling errors, and incorrect page numbers, all three databases exhibited significant lacunae, technical problems that interfere with data retrieval, and less-than-precise claims for coverage.
Robotics technologies — A key element in achieving manufacturing excellence

This issue of the AT&T Technical Journal focuses on robotics technologies. We use the term robotics here to encompass a broader range of technologies than is covered under the usual interpretation. We include not only the physical sensing and mechanical technologies that evoke notions of anthropomorphic machines, but also systems engineering, software, communications, and computing technologies.
Measurements of heme relaxation and ligand recombination in strong magnetic fields.

Heme cooling signals and diatomic ligand recombination kinetics are measured in strong magnetic fields (up to 10 T). We examined diatomic ligand recombination to heme model compounds (NO and CO), myoglobin (NO and O2), and horseradish peroxidase (NO). No magnetic field induced rate changes in any of the samples were observed within the experimental detection limit. However, in the case of CO binding to heme in glycerol and O2 binding to myoglobin, we observe a small magnetic field dependent change in the early time amplitude of the optical response that is assigned to heme cooling. One possibility, consistent with this observation, is that there is a weak magnetic field dependence of the nonradiative branching ratio into the vibrationally hot electronic ground state during CO photolysis. Ancillary studies of the “spin-forbidden” CO binding reaction in a variety of heme compounds in the absence of magnetic field demonstrate a surprisingly wide range for the Arrhenius prefactor. We conclude that CO binding ...
A relation between the permanental and determinantal adjoints

Let H n denote the set of complex n -square positive semidefinite hermtian matrices. We partially order H n : If A, B , A–B єH n , write A > B . For A єH n , Write P(A ) for the permanental adjoint of A , i.e., P(A ) is the n-suare matrix whose i, j entry is per A(j/i) , where A(j/i) is the submatrix of A obtained by deleting row j and column i . Now, P(A ) is a principal submatrix of t he (n–1)st induced power matrix of A T . Hence, P(A ) ∈ H n . Also D(A) , the classical adjoing, is in H n .
Sphere Approximation for Nanorod Near-Field Radiative Heat Exchange Analysis

A theoretical method for cylinder-to-cylinder radiative heat exchange is formulated by utilizing a sphere approximation method. The sphere approximation method requires dividing the cylinders into smaller connected spheres and applying a previously published numerical method for near-field sphere-to-sphere radiative exchange. The overall radiative power exchange is obtained by an additive ray-tracing assumption. These results are compared to results produced by a rigorous cylinder-to-cylinder radiative heat exchange method. The heat exchange of nanorods is plotted vs. the gap to assess the impact of near-field radiative transfer as the gap decreases. The unit sphere method is applied to nanorod configurations having length-to-diameter ratios of 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1. Graphical results of energy vs. nanorod radii are presented. A nanoradii/gap dimensionless relationship caused by geometric effects is found and related to power for nanorods of different aspect ratios and temperatures. A V-shaped configuration i...
Prestige, Work Satisfaction, and Alienation: Comparisons among Garbagemen, Professors, and other Work Groups

Work dissatisfaction and general alienation of incumbents in seven nonfactory and nonoffice occupations ranging across the prestige hierarchy are examined and compared. Our findings challenge some rather commonly accepted (if seldom tested) social science generalizations. Neither status nor self-direction at the workplace were important predictors of the dependent variables, and the spillover model linking work dissatisfaction to general alienation received little support from our data. Contrary to most predictions from the literature, there were no significant differences between the lowest status garbage collectors and the highest status professors on work satisfaction or alienation measures. Two occupations in the middle range of the prestige hierarchy (mail carriers and high school teachers), however, reported unexpectedly high scores on both dependent variables. These and other unpredicted findings are discussed, bringing in some of the workers' own comments to help explain the quantitative results, ...
Bonding and brittleness in B2 structure 3d transition metal aluminides:; Ionic, directional, or does it make a difference

Because of its many attractive physical properties, the B2 (CsCl) structure intermetallic NiAl is a promising material for high temperature applications, in particular for use in aircraft engines. It is relatively light, has a high melting temperature with strength retention at high temperatures, and good oxidation resistance and thermal conductivity. its most important feature from a technological perspective, however, is the intrinsic brittleness at room temperature that limits its use in structural applications. For the past few decades, a great deal of effort has been invested into understanding the bonding in NiASl and related aluminides, and recently has begun to focus on brittleness. Despite a great deal of effort, however, the microscopic nature of the bonding in the aluminides is poorly understood, much less the implications that that bonding has for physical properties. Given the confusion that currently exist regarding these issues, the authors thoughts it worthwhile to revisit this problem in this paper and it is the intent of this study to systemically investigate the correlation of these bonding factors with brittleness.
DNA synthesis and accumulation of acetylated histone in butyrate-treated myogenic cultures.

Abstract To estimate acetylation of bulk nucleosomal histones during myogenesis, cells at three stages of differentiation were exposed to 5 mM butyrate for 10 h. The effects on histone modification are similar at each stage, causing hyperacetylation in the following order of decreasing modification: H4 > H2B > H3; H2A is unaffected. The rate of accumulation of acetylated H4 subsets during the 10 h induction is also similar at each stage. The degree of H4 modification is concentration-dependent at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mM butyrate; however, only the latter concentration inhibits DNA synthesis in proliferating myoblasts as estimated by H-thymidine labeling.
Assessing Coastal Practitioners' Views on Environmental Indicators: Case studies in U.S. Pacific Northwest Estuaries

An online survey of coastal practitioners, followed by personal interviews, was conducted to examine the potential of environmental indicators as tools in the management of estuaries along the Washington and Oregon coasts (U.S.A.). Specifically, the perceptions of coastal practitioners regarding current uses of indicators and factors limiting indicator use were explored. Results show that the organizations we surveyed generally do not use indicators to their full potential. Indicator use and factors limiting their use vary across both levels of government (Local, State, Federal) and job functions (Administration, Research, Planning & Development, Management, Education & Outreach). Limiting factors include lack of resources and unfamiliarity with indicators, especially in local management. These results demonstrate that while indicators are potentially beneficial management tools, realizing these benefits likely requires tailoring to the specific needs and limitations of intended users. The scientific comm...
Wing-store flutter analysis of an airfoil in incompressible flow

The flutter of two-dimension al airfoil with external store is analyzed to investigate the effects of pylon stiffness on flutter speed. Among the 40 configurations studied, five were tested in the wind tunnel to verify the analytical results. The variations of wing-store flutter speed with the pylon stiffness can basically be divided into three types. The curves of the normal and flutter frequencies vs pylon stiffness have the same pattern. They can be sketched approximately by the aid of the normal frequencies of the two degenerated two-degree-of-freedom systems, i.e., the freely hinged and rigidly connected store eases. A limiting flutter speed for very small pylon stiffness is deduced, which is useful to identify which type of flutter the configuration studied belongs to.
Spironolactone antagonism of aldosterone action on Na+ transport and RNA metabolism in toad bladder epithelium

In earlier studies, aldosterone increased the incorporation of precursors into a class of cytoplasmic RNA with the characteristics of messenger RNA (mRNA), in toad bladder epithelium. In the present studies, this effect was analyzed further with a competitive antagonist, spironolactone (SC-9420). Paired hemibladders were labeled with3H-uridine (30 min pulse–140 min chase), with or without aldosterone (3.5×10−8m, 7×10−8m) in the presence or absence of SC-9420 (7×10−6m, 2.5×10−5m) at molar ratios of 200∶1 to 280∶1. Cytoplasmic RNA, either the total phenol-SDS extract or polyadenylated-RNA (poly(A)(+)-RNA) obtained by oligo-deoxythymidylate-cellulose (oligo(dT)-cellulose) chromatography was analyzed in linear 5–20% sucrose gradients. Eight sets of experiments were completed in which the short-circuit current (scc) was monitored for 180 min and the incorporation of3H-uridine (30 min pulse–150 min chase) was simultaneously determined on pools of epithelia from 5 to 10 hemibladders. The fractional change inscc correlated linearly with the fractional change in3H-uridine of 12S cytoplasmic RNA (r=0.95,p<0.001). The poly(A)(+)-RNA fraction had no detectable rRNA or tRNA and gave a heterogeneous pattern, typical of mRNA, in the sucrose gradients. In the presence of exogenous aldosterone, SC-9420 inhibited the incorporation of3H-uridine into poly(A)(+)-RNA (particularly 12S). These results support the inference that induction of mRNA mediates the action of aldosterone on Na+ transport.
A calcium oxalate-secreting tissue in branchlets of the Casuarinaceae

Deciduous branchlets of casuarina trees have an unusual calcium oxalate-secreting system in which the epidermal tissue deposits calcium oxalate crystals in cell walls of the branchlet surface. These prismatic crystals were identified by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and elemental X-ray analysis. This calcium oxalate-secreting tissue was found in all species of casuarinas examined, including three of the four genera of the Casuarinaceae:Allocasuarina sp.,Casuarina sp., andGymnostoma papuanum. Because crystals were present throughout the epidermis soon after it formed, the mechanism for their induction was likely to be different than that for calcium oxalate crystal idioblasts. Secreting cells had a complex endoplasmic reticulum that may be involved in the secretory process.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PRIMARY VASCULAR SYSTEM OF CONIFERS. I. GENERA WITH HELICAL PHYLLOTAXIS

A B S T R A C T The primary vascular system of 23 species belonging to 18 genera of conifers with helical phyllotaxis has been investigated with the intent of determining the architecture of the system. Special attention has been given to nodal and subnodal relations of the vascular bundles. The vascular system seems to be composed solely of relatively discrete sympodia, that is, axial vascular bundles from which leaf traces branch unilaterally. Although the discreteness of the sympodia is not immediately apparent because of their undulation and lateral contacts with neighboring ones, close examination, including a statistical analysis of the tangential contacts, seems to reveal that each sympodium maintains its identity throughout. Although two traces may be apparent at nodal levels, the trace supply to a leaf originates, in all species, as a single bundle. An analysis is made of the relationship between the vasculature and the phyllotaxis. It is observed that the direction of trace divergence can be accurately predicted wheni the direction of the ontogenetic spiral, the angle of divergence of leaf traces, and the number of sympodia are known. THE ORIGIN and evolution of gymnosperms are siginificant problems that deserve increased attention. There have been few modern comparative studies of extant gymnosperms, and most of the important contributions to the solution of these problems have come from investigations of fossil forms. The present study, in three parts, of the primary vascular system of a large number of living coilifers as well as a consideration of the stelar structure of fossil gymnosperms was undertaken in an effort to add further to ouir understanding of the origin and evolution of gymnosperms. Any comparative study of the primary vascular system miust, of necessity, include a consideratioil of stelar evolution, which will be the subject of the third part of this study. Parts I and II deal with the structure of the primary vascular system of some living conifers. It is clear that the primary xylem is a useful tissue system in the study of phylogenietic relationships of vascular plants. Jeffrey (1899) included the Filicineae, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae in the Pteropsida in large part on the basis of the possession in all of what he believed to be similar stelar structure. He regarded the primary vascular systems of gymnosperms and angiospermis to have evolved from
Inhibition of the Mitochondrial KATP Channel by Long-chain Acyl-CoA Esters and Activation by Guanine Nucleotides

The mitochondrial KATP channel (mitoKATP) is highly sensitive to ATP, which inhibits K+ flux with K1/2 values of 20-40 μM. This raises the question, how can mitoKATP be opened in the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP? We measured K+ flux in liposomes reconstituted with purified mitoKATP and found that guanine nucleotides are potent activators of this channel. ATP-inhibited K+ flux was completely reactivated by both GTP (K1/2 = 7 μM) and GDP (K1/2 = 140 μM). These ligands had no effect in the absence of ATP. The K1/2 for ATP inhibition exhibited quadratic dependence on [GTP] and [GDP], consistent with two binding sites for guanine nucleotides. We also found that palmitoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA inhibited K+ flux through reconstituted mitoKATP with K1/2 values of 260 nM and 80 nM, respectively. This inhibition was reversed by GTP (K1/2 = 232 μM) as well as by the K+ channel openers cromakalim (20 μM) and diazoxide (10 μM). Inhibition of mitoKATP by long-chain acyl-CoA esters, like that of ATP, exhibited an absolute requirement for Mg2+ ions. We propose that the open-closed state of the mitochondrial KATP channel is determined by the relative cytosolic concentrations of GTP and long-chain acyl-CoA esters.
Query processing techniques in the summary-table-by-example database query language

Summary-Table-by-Example (STBE) is a graphical language suitable for statistical database applications. STBE queries have a hierarchical subquery structure and manipulate summary tables and relations with set-valued attributes.The hierarchical arrangement of STBE queries naturally implies a tuple-by-tuple subquery evaluation strategy (similar to the nested loops join implementation technique) which may not be the best query processing strategy. In this paper we discuss the query processing techniques used in STBE. We first convert an STBE query into an “extended” relational algebra (ERA) expression. Two transformations are introduced to remove the hierarchical arrangement of subqueries so that query optimization is possible. To solve the “empty partition” problem of aggregate function evaluation, directional join (one-sided outer-join) is utilized. We give the algebraic properties of the ERA operators to obtain an “improved” ERA expression. Finally we briefly discuss the generation of alternative implementations of a given ERA expression.STBE is implemented in a prototype statistical database management system. We discuss the STBE-related features of the implemented system.
Repeated recall of pictures, words, and riddles: Increasing subjective organization is not sufficient for producing hypermnesia

Davis and Dominowski (1986) presented subjects with riddles to solve followed by five recall tests with no intervening study opportunities. They found increasing net recall levels across tests (i.e., hypermnesia), as well as an increase in the degree of organization in recall. In the present experiment, subjects were presented with riddles, pictures, or words. A significant hypermnesic effect was obtained with the riddles and pictures, but not with the words. There were significant and equivalent increases in subjective organization across tests for all three conditions, indicating that an increase in subjective organization across tests is not sufficient to produce hypermnesia. Finally, there were systematic changes in the rate of recalling items across tests, and these may be related to hypermnesia.
Coherent-potential and average t -matrix approximations for disordered muffin-tin alloys. II. Application to realistic systems

In an earlier article, the electronic spectrum of the disordered alloy ${A}_{x}{B}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$, using the coherent-potential (CPA) and the average $t$-matrix (ATA) approximations, was discussed within the framework of the muffintin Hamiltonian. Using the illustrative examples of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$, the present paper exposes the physically relevant aspects of the electronic spectra of disordered transition and noble-metal alloys. Bloch spectral densities, complex energy bands, impurity levels, and average total and component densities of states are considered. We also discuss how the effects of transfer of charge between the constituents on their atomic potentials can be included in a semiempirical manner in the present framework.
A thermodynamic analysis of the Pb−S system and calculation of the Pb−S phase digram

An associated solution model is used to describe the thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase in the Pb−S system, where the existence of ‘PbS’ species is assumed in addition to ‘Pb’ and ‘S’. The liquid is now considered as a pseudo-ternary solution of ‘Pb’, ‘S’, and ‘PbS’ in which the concentrations of the species are related by an equilibrium constant. The thermodynamic properties of the intermediate phase, PbS, are described by a point-defect model. The doubly ionized vacancies on the Pb and the S sites are considered to be the dominant defects and the nonstoichiometry is caused by the excess of vacancies on either site. The parameters of these models are obtained by simultaneous optimization of the available thermodynamic and phase equilibria data. The Pb−S phase diagram is then calculated, using these thermodynamic models, and compared with the experimental data.
Reduction of magnetic and transverse electric scattering amplitudes in 207Pb by core polarization

Abstract It is shown that core-polarization causes a considerable reduction of the nuclear magnetization current at high momentum transfer irrespective of multipolarity. The reduction is consistent with the observed reduction of both magnetic and transverse electric form factors in the 207 Pb and 208 Pb nuclei. No corresponding systematic reduction is expected in the nuclear convention current.
Perspectives on preservice teachers’ attitudes toward technology

Abstract Technology, specifically the use of computers, is becoming more prevalent in K—12 classrooms. Constructivist and social learning theory were used to understand the way preservice teachers view technology and the extent of its influence on their current and future lives. This study employed both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques to investigate the attitudes of a group of undergraduate education majors toward their use of technology. Survey and follow‐up interview data were used to explore changes in attitudes of competence, comfort, and knowledge regarding the instructional use of technology. Data revealed that preservice teachers’ comfort with the technology and attitude of competence did improve over time but that perceptions of knowledge about computers remained the same. Suggestions for further study are provided.
Gravity Waves on the Surface of the Sphere

We propose a Hamiltonian model for gravity waves on the surface of a fluid layer surrounding a gravitating sphere. The general equations of motion are nonlocal and can be used as a starting point for simpler models, which can be derived systematically by expanding the Hamiltonian in dimensionless parameters. In this paper, we focus on the small wave amplitude regime. The first-order nonlinear terms can be eliminated by a formal canonical transformation. Similarly, many of the second order terms can be eliminated. The resulting model has the feature that it leaves invariant several finite-dimensional subspaces on which the motion is integrable.
Growth of Gram-Positive Mastogenic Bacteria in Normal, Simulated Bulk Tank, and Mastitic Milk Held at Simulated Fluctuating Temperatures of Farm Bulk Tank

Abstract Growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus bovis , and Streptococcus uberis was studied in normal milk, simulated bulk tank milk, and aseptic mastitic milk held at simulated fluctuating temperatures of farm bulk tank for 48h. With the exception of S. bovis , growth rates of the other five bacteria were similar in both normal and simulated bulk tank milk. Mastitic milk inhibited growth of all bacteria studied. A 24-h adjustment period occurred before most of the bacteria started growing. The mastitis level in a dairy herd may be monitored by cultures of bulk tank milk samples and by calculations as discussed in this study.
The Structural Elucidation of Oligomeric Blue Dyes Derived from 9‐Alkylcarbazoles

Carbazoles react with a variety of one-carbon fragments at the 3- or 3,6-positions to give di- and trimeric products with CH2: links. These precursors react by losing hydride ion to give blue oligomeric dyes. Carbazoles substituted in the 9-position by CH2SPh, CH2SOPh, and CH2SO2Ph rearrange to give carbazole oligomers linked at the 3,6-positions. Products are characterised spectrally, and their mechanism of formation is discussed.
Interval Measurement: Physics, Psychophysics, and Metaphysics.

The meaning of interval measurement in physics stems from well supported theory which specifies the procedures for making measurements and provides the explicit functional relationship between variables derived from different measurement procedures. The concept of interval measurement may be heuristic but in applied fields of psychology and education it is not scientifically relevant because theory is inadequate to either specify how to obtain measurements or to specify the function which relates different measures.
Coulomb excitation of 168Er

Abstract The nucleus 168Er has been Coulomb excited using beams of 40Ca, 58Ni and 208Pb. In addition lifetimes of eight states have been measured by the recoil distance method. About 50 E2 matrix elements in the ground and gamma rotational bands have been determined. The ground-band E2 matrix elements follow the predictions of a quadrupole-deformed rotor model. In the gamma band the measured E2 matrix elements exhibit a reduction of collectivity above spin 6.
Perp and pemphigus: a disease of desmosome destabilization.

In this issue, Nguyen et al. demonstrate a role for Perp in desmosome assembly and trafficking and pemphigus IgG–mediated acantholysis, providing further insights into the complexity of desmosome structure and regulation.