cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons from a population: the limitations of left ventricular ejection fraction as the major determinant for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

In both ischemic and nonischemic heart disease the severity of left ventricular dysfunction has emerged as the key determinant affecting the decision of which patient should receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for prophylaxis against a future risk of arrhythmic sudden death ([1,2
Invigorating the Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Process: A Biopsychosociohistorical Example

Interdisciplinary endeavors, those that cross traditional academic boundaries, are burgeoning, as the benefits of teaching across the curriculum, collaborating across disciplines, and addressing subject matter from multiple perspectives increasingly are recognized. Overcoming administrative and structural constraints, such as allocation of faculty workloads and course length, are challenges that require creative solutions. Our approach incorporated expertise from three departments, psychology, biology, and history, which produced a biopsychosociohistorical perspective that was interdisciplinary with transdisciplinary features. An undergraduate student's A/V presentation in one class formed the basis for an applied group project in another class, and included a pilot study. Our approach and example are described, as well as benefits to students, faculty, and administrators, and pedagogical implications.
Technical Aspects and Operative Nuances Using a High-Definition 3-Dimensional Exoscope for Cerebral Bypass Surgery

Background Cerebral bypass operation is a technically challenging operation that requires excellent surgical visibility and efficient ergonomics to minimize complications and maximize successful revascularization. Despite the operative microscope's utilization for the past two generations, there remains a need for continued improvement in operative visualization and surgical ergonomics. Objective To report the positives and negatives of our initial experience using a novel 4 K high-definition (4K-HD) 3-dimensional (3D) exoscope (EX) for cranial bypass surgery. Methods A retrospective review over 6 mo was performed of all patients who have undergone cerebral bypass surgery at a single institution using the 4K-HD 3D EX. Advantages and disadvantages of the EX and clinical outcome of the patients were assessed. Results A total of 5 patients underwent cerebral EC-IC bypass surgery with no EX-related complications and successful revascularization. The lightweight design of the EX allowed for easy instrument maneuverability as well as uncomplicated surgical set up in the operating room. The assistance of the cosurgeon was significantly more efficient compared to that of the operating microscope. The large monitor allowed for an immersive, collaborative, and valuable educational surgical experience. Conclusion Using the EX for cerebral bypass surgery, with 3D ultra-high-definition optics, enhancements of ergonomics, and improved training, we believe that the 3D 4K-HD EX may represent the next generation of operative scopes in microneurosurgery.
Vortex-induced vibration of a single degree-of-freedom flexibly-mounted horizontal cylinder near the free surface

Abstract This paper reports findings from an experimental study on vortex-induced vibration of a horizontal, flexibly-mounted cylinder positioned near the free surface of fluid flow. The cylinder is allowed to oscillate in the vertical direction only. Oscillation amplitude and frequency data are presented as a function of reduced velocity and dimensionless depth from the free surface. Data are presented for cases of decreasing depth from where the resting cylinder is fully-submerged until its centerline is even with the free surface of the water. For a fully-submerged cylinder, VIV behavior is consistent with published findings of similar systems, producing a well-documented lock-in region with initial, upper, and lower branches. Broadly, as the cylinder is raised from the fully-submerged case, the amplitudes diminish and the lock-in region decreases in range and shifts toward higher reduced velocities. When the cylinder is very near the surface, a second region of oscillations occurs at higher reduced velocities. This region emerges in cases where the cylinder’s top edge is half a diameter below the free surface. For a short range of depths, the lock-in region and the non-zero amplitude region at higher reduced velocities coexist. But after a critical depth, the lock-in region disappears and oscillations are observed only at the higher reduced velocity region. Multi-frequency oscillations and regions of hysteresis are observed for some cases of low depth and high reduced velocity.
A cautionary note on the selectivity of oncolytic poxviruses.

Background Oncolytic viruses selectively infect cancer cells while avoiding infection of normal cells. Usually, selectivity is demonstrated by injecting a virus into tumor-bearing mice and observing infection and lysis of tumor cells without infection of other tissues. The general view is that this selectivity is due to tropisms of the virus. However, apparent selectivity could be due to accessibility. For example, intravenously injected virus may not gain access to cells within the central nervous system (CNS) because of the blood-brain barrier. Purpose We tested the CNS safety of two oncolytic poxviruses that have been demonstrated to be safe for treatment of peripheral tumors (vaccinia virus vvDD-IL15-Rα and myxoma virus vMyx-IL15Rα-tdTr). Methods Two poxviruses were tested for selectivity in vitro and in vivo. Results Both viruses infected glioma cells in vitro. In vivo, both viruses infected glioma cells and did not infect neurons when injected into a tumor or into the normal striatum. However, viral gene expression was observed in ependymal cells lining the ventricles, implying that these poxviruses were not as selective as originally predicted. For vvDD-IL15-Rα, some tumor-bearing mice died soon after virus treatment. If the same titer of vvDD-IL15-Rα was injected directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle of nontumor-bearing mice, it was uniformly fatal. Infection of ependymal cells, subventricular cells, and meninges was widespread. On the other hand, vMyx-IL15Rα-tdTr only transiently infected ependymal cells and was safe even when injected directly into the lateral cerebral ventricles. The two poxviruses also differed in their infection of dendritic cells; vvDD-IL15-Rα infected dendritic cells and lysed them but vMyx-IL15Rα-tdTr did not. Conclusion Vaccinia virus vvDD-IL15-Rα is very promising for treating cancer types outside of the brain. However, for cancers located within the brain, myxoma virus vMyx-IL15Rα-tdTr offers a safer alternative.
SciGirls Code: Computational Participation for Middle School Girls

SciGirls Code is a project which used the principles of connected learning with 16 STEM outreach partners to provide 160+ middle school girls with computational thinking (CT) and coding skills within informal education spaces. Programs completed 3 curricular strands (Mobile Apps, Robotics, E-Textiles) between September 2017-May 2018. SciGirls Code integrates a computational participation framework with connected learning. The research study investigates the ways in which computational learning experiences impact girls' development of CT; interest and attitudes toward computer science; and their understanding of how participation in technology creation impacts themselves and the world around them. This study utilizes an interpretive multi-site case study design. There are multiple data sources with different data collected at focal and participating sites. The seven (7) focal cases represent an array of settings (rural, suburban, urban) as well as a variety of programming contexts (museums, community centers, after school). The remaining nine (9) sites comprise the participating cases. Notably, interviews (in-person) from focal sites and shorts (videos) from participating sites were collected at three moments in the programming (beginning, middle, end) to document changes in understandings and skills. Content analysis was conducted, and further triangulated in teams, to develop themes for each case and cross-case comparison. Thus far, the study has found that a connected learning approach boosted the development of middle school girls' CT skills, positively impacted attitudes towards computing pathways/careers, and increased understandings of computational participation.
An experimental study of word learning in minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Background and aimsWhen children hear a novel word, they tend to associate it with a novel rather than a familiar object. The ability to map a novel word to its corresponding referent is thought to...
"Occupational Therapy is Making": Clinical Rapid Prototyping and Digital Fabrication

Consumer-fabrication technologies potentially improve the effectiveness and adoption of assistive technology (AT) by engaging AT users in AT creation. However, little is known about the role of clinicians in this revolution. We investigate clinical AT fabrication by working as expert fabricators for clinicians over a four-month period. We observed and co-designed AT with four occupational therapists at two clinics: a free clinic for uninsured clients, and a Veteran's Affairs Hospital. We find that existing fabrication processes, particularly with respect to rapid prototyping, do not align with clinical practice and itsdo-no-harm ethos. We recommend software solutions that would integrate into client care by: amplifying clinicians' expertise, revealing appropriate fabrication opportunities, and supporting adaptable fabrication.
Hemosiderotic Dermatofibroma: A Rare and Atypical Variant Capable of Clinically Resembling Melanoma.

A dermatofibroma (DF) is a common, benign tumor composed of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. DF presents clinically with several different reported variants. One rare variant is hemosiderotic DF (HDF), which is made up of small blood vessels and hemosiderin deposits. HDF can be indistinguishable, clinically, from melanoma, making the use of other pathological tools crucial in the diagnosis. We report the case of a 25-year-old male medical student from the Caribbean who presented to our clinic with a single asymptomatic pigmented cystic lesion on his left posterior calf. The cystic lesion was excised surgically. Histopathology examination of the excised mass revealed a moderately cellular, poorly demarcated, dermal, fibrohistiocytic proliferation. Pathology consultation confirmed a diagnosis of HDF.
Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated through dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) propagates impairment in blood brain barrier in septic encephalopathy

Out of the myriad of complications associated with septic shock, septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) impairment, which subsequently leads to increased vascular permeability, has been associated with neuronal injury in sepsis. Thus, preventing BBB damage is an attractive therapeutic target. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor of sepsis-induced multi-organ system failure. More recently, mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells has been implicated in mediating BBB failure in stroke, multiple sclerosis and in other neuroinflammatory disorders. Here, we focused on Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells as a potential target to prevent BBB failure in sepsis. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and BBB disruption in a cell culture as well as in murine model of sepsis. BBB disruption was assessed by measuring levels of key tight-junction proteins. Brain cytokines levels, oxidative stress markers, and activity of mitochondrial complexes were measured using biochemical assays. Astrocyte and microglial activation were measured using immunoblotting and qPCR. Transwell cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells co-cultured with astrocytes were used to assess the effect of LPS on expression of tight-junction proteins, mitochondrial function, and permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran. Finally, primary neuronal cultures exposed to LPS were assessed for mitochondrial dysfunction. LPS induced a strong brain inflammatory response and oxidative stress in mice which was associated with increased Drp1 activation and mitochondrial localization. Particularly, Drp1-(Fission 1) Fis1-mediated oxidative stress also led to an increase in expression of vascular permeability regulators in the septic mice. Similarly, mitochondrial defects mediated via Drp1-Fis1 interaction in primary microvascular endothelial cells were associated with increased BBB permeability and loss of tight-junctions after acute LPS injury. P110, an inhibitor of Drp1-Fis1 interaction, abrogated these defects, thus indicating a critical role for this interaction in mediating sepsis-induced brain dysfunction. Finally, LPS mediated a direct toxic effect on primary cortical neurons, which was abolished by P110 treatment. LPS-induced impairment of BBB appears to be dependent on Drp1-Fis1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction with P110 may have potential therapeutic significance in septic encephalopathy.
Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive Technology in Graduate Medical Education.

In these unprecedented times, the world has braced itself for the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 ([1][1]). The United States is seeing a surge in cases, and local authorities have taken aggressive measures to limit its spread through social
A Warm Start Method for Solving Chance Constrained Optimal Control Problems

A warm start method is developed for efficiently solving complex chance constrained optimal control problems. The warm start method addresses the computational challenges of solving chance constrained optimal control problems using biased kernel density estimators and Legendre-Gauss-Radau collocation with an $hp$ adaptive mesh refinement method. To address the computational challenges, the warm start method improves both the starting point for the chance constrained optimal control problem, as well as the efficiency of cycling through mesh refinement iterations. The improvement is accomplished by tuning a parameter of the kernel density estimator, as well as implementing a kernel switch as part of the solution process. Additionally, the number of samples for the biased kernel density estimator is set to incrementally increase through a series of mesh refinement iterations. Thus, the warm start method is a combination of tuning a parameter, a kernel switch, and an incremental increase in sample size. This warm start method is successfully applied to solve two challenging chance constrained optimal control problems in a computationally efficient manner using biased kernel density estimators and Legendre-Gauss-Radau collocation.
Millennials and the alcohol industry: expenditure variations among generations

This paper explores the relationship age cohorts, or generations, have had with regards to alcohol expenditure over time. Articles from popular publications claim Millennials are ‘killing’ the alco...
Race matters (even more than you already think): Racism, housing, and the limits of The Color of Law

As any good American urbanist knows: race matters. But precisely how does it matter? How have the pervasive and enduring modalities of racism (especially anti-Blackness) shaped the American metropo...
A case report of foreign body appendicitis caused by tongue piercing ingestion

Abstract Introduction Foreign body ingestion is an uncommon clinical problem in healthy adults. Furthermore, it is even less common for an ingested foreign body to cause any obstructive symptoms within the gastrointestinal tract. Presentation of case Here, we describe an unusual case of acute appendicitis induced by a tongue piercing that was ingested by a 32-year-old woman with a recent history of endotracheal intubation. Abdominal X-ray revealed metallic foreign bodies in the right lower quadrant. The foreign bodies remained in place on serial X-rays despite bowel preparation and they were not visualized on colonoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis confirms the location of the foreign body within the appendix. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed without complications and the tongue piercing was recovered within the lumen of the resected appendix. Discussion Foreign body ingestion is a rare cause of appendicitis. Most ingested foreign bodies spontaneously pass through the gastrointestinal tract within a week. However, in rare instances, the foreign body becomes lodged in the appendix, often resulting in appendicitis. Conclusion In patients with appendicitis secondary to foreign body ingestion, we suggest surgical management to reduce the risk of peritonitis, perforation, and abscess formation.
Developmental neurotoxicity of the herbicide atrazine

Abstract Atrazine (ATZ) is an agricultural herbicide. Due to persistence and contamination of drinking water sources, ATZ was banned by the European Union, but is still commonly used in the United States and other global regions. The US Environmental Protection Agency has set the maximum contaminant level at 3 μg/L in potable water, though concentrations can greatly exceed this amount depending on the time of year. Alternatively, the World Health Organization drinking water guideline is 100 μg/L. Epidemiological studies report associations with developmental health outcomes and raise concerns about ATZ as a potential carcinogen. Studies in model organisms have identified ATZ as a neurotoxicant. Although there is evidence to support the site of action as the hypothalamus, further studies are needed to determine if this herbicide targets specific pathways within the hypothalamus or if it generally interferes with pathways that the hypothalamus regulates. This chapter focuses on ATZ developmental neurotoxicity with studies reporting disruption of the hypothalamus, neurotransmission, neuronal development, and behavioral processes.
Test me now or, test me later: prospective study of molecular testing in ovarian cancer

Objectives: Advances in molecular tumor profiling through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has led to an increase in available therapeutic options for patients with gynecologic malignancies beyond standard chemotherapy. Specifically, the addition of Poly-(ADP-ribose) Polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has signaled a paradigm shift in the management of ovarian cancer. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate how the timing of NGS has affected the implementation of PARPi within a patient's treatment timeline between 2016 and 2019 at a single institution. Methods: Ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective Personalized Medicine Initiative (PMI) from January 2016 to December 2019 at a single institution. Archival tissue from each patient was sent for NGS testing. Initially, the project included only patients with recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer. This was expanded in a stepwise fashion to now include newly diagnosed high-grade, advanced stage ovarian cancer patients. Primarily, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 308 patients, 251 (81%) had stage III or IV disease; 216 (70%) had high grade serous histology. NGS successfully identified 197 (64%) patients with at least one genetic alteration directed towards an FDA-approved or standard of care therapy. 27 (39%) received a PARPi due to wtBRCA, 25 (36%) for sBRCA, 8 (11%) for gBRCA, and 6 (8%) for LOH+/BRCAwt. The average time between initial diagnosis and NGS decreased from approximately 46 months in 2016-2017 to 30 months in 2018-2019. Likewise, the average number of lines of therapy completed before NGS decreased from 3 in 2016-2017 to 1 in 2018-2019. Furthermore, we found that the time between NGS and PARPi implementation decreased from an average of 12 to 5 months from 2016 to 2019, respectively. Conclusions: Increasingly, early implementation of NGS in the management of ovarian cancers has allowed for more patients to be placed on targeted therapies, including PARPi, for which they otherwise would not be eligible. After 2019, the majority of patients received NGS prior to their second line of treatment. This data suggests early NGS permits PARPi to be used at an earlier time point within a patient's treatment course. Currently, we are testing all newly diagnosed high-grade, advanced stage ovarian cancer patients at as soon as tissue is available to help guide further treatment decisions. In addition, this study demonstrates NGS has a clinically compatible turnaround time, which may guide clinical management of patients with ovarian cancer. Further follow-up studies need to evaluate the impact of earlier PARPi implementation on patient survival.
Surgical research journals - Under review: An assessment of diversity among editorial boards and outcomes of peer review.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic exposed racism as a public health crisis embedded in structural processes. Editors of surgical research journals pledged their commitment to improve structure and process through increasing diversity in the peer review and editorial process; however, little benchmarking data are available. Methods A survey of editorial board members from high impact surgical research journals captured self-identified demographics. Analysis of manuscript submissions from 2016 to 2020 compared acceptance for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)-focused manuscripts to overall rates. Results 25.6% of respondents were female, 2.9% Black, and 3.3% Hispanic. There was variation in the diversity among journals and in the proportion of DEI submissions they attract, but no clear correlation between DEI acceptance rates and board diversity. Conclusions Diversity among board members reflects underrepresentation of minorities seen among surgeons nationally. Recruitment and retention of younger individuals, representing more diverse backgrounds, may be a strategy for change. DEI publication rates may benefit from calls for increasing DEI scholarship more so than changes to the peer review process.
Genetic Algorithms and Innovation

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are defined as search procedures based on the mechanics of natural selection and genetics, and we think we know what innovation is—at least in some qualitative sort of way—but what does one have to do with the other? The connection appeared fairly early in my writing on GAs when I used human innovation in my PhD dissertation (Goldberg, 1983) as a metaphor or an intuitive explanation of how such simple mechanisms as those in genetic algorithms might be doing something quite interesting. My aim was to give a plausible explanation of GA power to new readers in an effort to connect with those who might otherwise find the operation of GAs somewhat suspect. I repeated this argument in my earlier book on genetic algorithms (Goldberg, 1989c), and for some readers of that text the argument was temporarily satisfying; for others it was simply maddening, and so the matter has stood. Yet, as my own work on designing increasingly effective genetic algorithms has proceeded, it seemed that the speed and quality of solutions that we were obtaining were far beyond anything I had expected initially. Because of this, and because of my earlier flirtation with innovation, I wondered if perhaps the design of effective GAs was ultimately helping us create first-order computational models of innovation.
Abstract T P100: Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in combination with aggressive optimization of risk factors for secondary stroke prevention in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting to Emory University Hospital with high-grade (70-99%) symptomatic intracranial stenosis from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 and evaluated within 30 days of the index event (stroke or TIA) were eligible for this analysis. All patients underwent treatment with aspirin plus clopidogrel for a target duration of 12 months along with aggressive medical management based on the SAMMPRIS protocol; all patients were given an H2 blocker as gastrointestinal prophylaxis for the duration of their aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Clinical and safety outcomes of our cohort were compared with the medical arm of the SAMMPRIS trial cohort (n=227). RESULTS: Of 25 patients who met inclusion criteria, mean age was 65 +/- 14 years, 77% male, 58% white, 92% with hypertension, 100% with dyslipidemia, 15% with coronary artery disease, and 73% had stroke as their symptomatic event; baseline characteristics were similar between the Emory cohort and the SAMMPRIS cohort except for active smoking at the time of symptomatic event (Cohort 8%, SAMMPRIS 30%) and basilar site of symptomatic stenosis (Cohort 44%, SAMMPRIS 22%). Achievement of blood pressure and LDL cholesterol targets were similar between our cohort and SAMMPRIS cohort. At 1 year, rates of stroke, myocardial infarction or vascular death were 0% in our cohort vs 16% in the SAMMPRIS cohort (p = 0.03). At 1 year, major bleeding occurred in only 1 (4%) patient who had gastrointestinal bleeding requiring transfusion while taking concomitant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. CONCLUSIONS: A prolonged course of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for at least 12 months in combination with aggressive medical management based on the SAMMPRIS protocol may be associated with reduced rates of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death compared to dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months.
Decision trees on parallel processors

A framework for induction of decision trees suitable for implementation on shared- and distributed-memory multiprocessors or networks of workstations is described. The approach, called Parallel Decision Trees (PDT), overcomes limitations of equivalent serial algorithms that have been reported by several researchers, and enables the use of the very-large-scale training sets that are increasingly of interest in real-world applications of machine learning and data mining.
Inferior Turbinoplasty: Patient Selection, Technique, and Long-Term Consequences

When conservative medical management of symptomatically enlarged inferior turbinates is ineffective, the obstructing tissue may be reduced by an intramucosal or extramucosal destructive procedure (...
Risk and Protective Factors of Emotional and/or Behavioral Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Mega-Analytic Synthesis:

Professionals working with children who have severe emotional/behavioral disorders (E/BD) need to understand the risk and protective factors (RPFs) that are correlated with the development of these...
A Paradoxical Theology of Biology

This article examines a sermon in which Desmond Tutu advocates for gay rights in light of his activism against apartheid in South Africa. In doing so it uncovers a paradoxical theology of biology that enables him to advocate universal notions of justice simultaneously with love for particular persons and bodies. This advocacy, however, is susceptible to the critiques of queer theorists and theologians who worry that liberationist frameworks unwittingly reinscribe injustices against a variety of queer persons. The article concludes by raising new questions to be asked about Desmond Tutu’s theology, and liberation theologies in general, about the potential of liberationist and prophetic frameworks for achieving social justice. It also raises questions for queer theology about the possibility and political efficacy of queering the act of preaching.
Abstract 14649: Assessment of Acute Cryo and RF Ablation Lesions by Non-contrast and Contrast Enhanced MRI Techniques: Similarities and Differences

Introduction: MRI is used to assess acute RF lesions. Cryo-ablation is being increasingly used for EP procedures. No previous studies were performed to assess acute cardiac cryo ablations by MRI. In this study, we have compared visibility of acute cryo and RF lesions using non-contrast and contrast enhanced MRI techniques. Methods: Cryo and RF ablations of left and right ventricles were performed in 4 canines. Cryo lesions were created using cryo-catheter (Freezor MAX, Medtronic) with freeze times of 2 and 4 minutes. RF lesions were created by ThermoCool catheter (Biosense Webster) at 30 Watts for 30 seconds. Animals were then moved to a 3 Tesla MRI scanner (Verio, Siemens). Imaging included T1-weighted (T1w) and T2w scans, followed by injection of gadolinium-based contrast (0.15 mmol/kg, Multihance (Bracco)) and post-contrast T1w and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) scans. Results: Representative T1w, T2w, and post-contrast T1w and LGE images of acute cryo and RF lesions are shown in Fig. 1. All RF lesions were readily detectable on non-contrast T1w images. No cryo lesions were found on non-contrast T1w images (Fig. 1a). Degree and extent of post-ablation edema assessed by T2w images was noticeably different for cryo and RF ablations (Fig. 1b). Edema was very apparent and extended widely beyond lesion core for RF ablations while it was less obvious and mainly restricted to lesion core for cryo ablations. Visibility of cryo and RF lesions was similar in post-contrast T1w and LGE images (Fig. 1c, 1d). Conclusions: Post-contrast T1w and LGE MRI demonstrated that acute cryo and RF lesions have similar contrast kinetics: significantly slower wash-in and wash-out than that of healthy tissues. Non-contrast T1w MRI is useful for detection of acute RF ablations. However, this technique is not applicable for cryo ablations. Edema caused by cryo and RF ablations can be visualized by T2w MRI. RF ablations result in more apparent and extended edema than edema caused by cryo ablations.
The Pretext of Textualism: Disregarding Stare Decisis in 14 Penn Plaza v. Pyett

In 14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, the Supreme Court ignored the principles of stare decisis and justified its disregard of precedent established thirty-five years earlier in Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. on the basis of changed judicial methods of interpretation. This article will examine how the Supreme Court, in Pyett, as well as in other decisions, has used the judicial method of interpretation known as textualism, including a version I call "no-text textualism," to reinvent statutes, abandon precedent, and create its own norms in the field of arbitration. The Pyett decision demonstrates how the Supreme Court has freely disregarded a statute's text, its legislative history, and even the Court's own judicial precedent when fashioning a law of arbitration to suit its policy preferences. In the field of arbitration, the Court's use of textualism has frequently served as a pretext for creating national law and policy that differ substantially from statutory text and purpose as evidenced by legislative history. Pyett serves as a strong invitation to Congress to adopt new legislation that will overturn inconsistent "legislation" created by the Court.
The Energy Landscape Theory of Protein Folding

1 Introduction 2 The Protein Folding Energy Landscape 2.1 Energy Landscape of a Random Heteropolymer 2.2 Simplest Viable Protein Folding Landscape 3 Simple Models of Folding Kinetics of MFHP 4 Protein Structure Prediction Using Optimized Energy Functions References
Individual Day-to-Day Process of Social Anxiety in Vulnerable College Students

Transitions requiring the creation of new social networks may be challenging for individuals vulnerable to social anxiety, which may hinder successful adjustment. Using person-specific methodology, this study examined social anxiety in vulnerable university freshman away from home during their first semester of college to understand how day-to-day processes of social anxiety influenced future social anxiety and social withdrawal. Participants completed daily measures of four components of social anxiety which were examined as a process during a single day, and as a process affecting social anxiety and social withdrawal the next day. For most individuals, same-day fear of negative evaluation was associated with maladaptive cognitive processes (anticipatory processing and post-event rumination) and influenced social withdrawal behaviors. Across time relations were less robust and varied between participants suggesting the importance of situational factors and individual differences. These findings may have ...
BINARY CHOICE IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT.

Subjects made binary choices of events which were generated by a time-varying process which varied in a random sequence of step changes. Sizes of step change and probability levels of the generators were studied. Subjects who knew the onset of a step change responded more rapidly and had a more optimal asymptotic choice frequency than subjects who did not. Matching behavior was not observed for most conditions.
Use of Logic Models to Plan and Assess Graduate Internship Experiences

A logic model is a type of map. What better use for a map than when charting a course through internship activities, observations, and projects. In addition to coping with the expectations of many different stakeholders, planners of internships face demands for meeting academic goals and juggling time schedules. Logic model maps provide guidance for staying on course while providing the needed rationales for all people participating in an internship project or program. Outcomes from the internship can be accurately assessed using the professional standards set in the model. One cannot argue with results that document positive impact on the learning community, which are more likely when following a logic model map that connects inputs to clearly defined outputs.
Hartogs Phenomena and Antisyzygies for Systems of Differential Equations

We introduce the notion of antisyzygies, which studies the inverse problem of finding a system of PDEs, given compatibility conditions. The system obtained possesses the property of removability of compact singularities. We write explicit computations in the cases of the Cauchy-Fueter system and Maxwell’s system for electromagnetism, and we conclude with a study of systems of non-maximal rank.
Operational evaluation of the grid-connected Coolidge solar thermal electric power plant

Abstract Results of the operation and evaluation of the grid-connected Coolidge solar thermal-electric power plant are reported. Performance was determined for each of the major subsystems—line-focus collector array, thermal energy storage and 200 kW organic fluid Rankine cycle engine and generator. Daily collector array efficiency (based on total direct solar radiation) was nominally 32% in June, 26% in September and 9% in December. Rankine cycle engine-generator conversion efficiency was about 20%; electrical parasitic losses reduced the efficiency by 12%. Operation and maintenance required about 90 h/mo, only 20% requiring special skills or training. Operating supplies and repair services cost about $6300 per year.
Serum globulin deficiencies in non-tropical sprue, with report of two cases of acquired agammaglobulinemia

MONG the published cases of acquired agamA maglobulinemia, a sprue-like syndrome has been reported in at least eight [7-81; Gitlin and associates [9] estimated the incidence of this syndrome in such cases as about 20 per cent. Such an incidence appears to be far too great to be altogether coincidental. Our study of serum globulins in sprue was stimulated by the observation of two cases in which non-tropical sprue and agammaglobulinemia coexisted. It is our aim to report these two cases and to present evidence, obtained from a review of the records in 124 cases of non-tropical sprue, that deficiencies in serum globulin, with or without associated reductions in serum albumin, occur frequently in this disease. These data and also an increase in the concentration of gamma globulin toward normal in one of our patients during a remission of sprue suggest that malabsorption may be an important causative factor in some cases of acquired agammaglobulinemia.
Tuning the synthesis of ternary lead chalcogenide quantum dots by balancing precursor reactivity.

We report the synthesis and characterization of composition-tunable ternary lead chalcogenide alloys PbSexTe1-x, PbSxTe1-x, and PbSxSe1-x. This work explores the relative reaction rates of chalcoge...
Marital disclosure and marital satisfaction: Direct-effect versus interaction-effect models

This investigation assessed two competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between self‐disclosure in marriage and the marital satisfaction of husbands and wives: an interaction‐effect hypothesis, which suggests the relationship between self‐disclosure and marital satisfaction for either spouse is contingent on the level of self‐disclosure of the other, and a direct‐effect hypothesis, which suggests that the marital satisfaction of each spouse varies directly as a function of the level of self‐disclosure of both self and other in marriage. The simpler, lower‐order, direct‐effect hypothesis is concluded to account adequately for the data.
Holy Movement and Holy Place: Christian Pilgrimage and the Hajj

: This article uses a comparative theological model to explore the concept of pilgrimage—holy movement and holy place. It examines Christian pilgrimage exemplified by John Paul II's pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 2000 and Islamic pilgrimage exemplified by the Hajj. It then re-visions Christian pilgrimage by suggesting how three features of the Hajj (danger and hardship, ritual nature, and gathering) can be used to deepen the Christian experience and understanding of pilgrimage.
Speckle noise attenuation in optical coherence tomography by compounding images acquired at different positions of the sample

This study demonstrates a simple method for attenuating the speckle noise generated by coherent multiple-scattered photons in optical-coherence tomography images. The method could be included among the space-diversity techniques used for speckle reduction. It relies on displacing the sample along a weakly focused beam in the sample arm of the interferometer, acquiring a coherent image for each sample position and adding the individual images to form a compounded image. It is proven that the compounded image displays a reduction in the speckle noise generated by multiple scattered photons and an enhancement in the intensity signal caused by single-backscattered photons. To evaluate its potential biomedical applications, the method is used to investigate in vitro a caries lesion affecting the enamel layer of a wisdom tooth. Because of the uncorrelated nature of the speckle noise the compounded image provides a better mapping of the lesion compared to a single (coherent) image.
One Lateral Spectrum Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaic architecture: Measurements of current assemblies and analysis of pathways to 40% efficient modules

Lateral Spectrum Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaics (LSSCPV) systems are being developed for high energy conversion efficiency. LSSCPV can concentrate available sunlight and laterally split a single beam into bands with different spectra, for absorption by solar cells with matched band gaps. Assemblies of an LSSCPV architecture including four p-n junctions were constructed, and tested by two institutes independently. One of the assemblies demonstrated verified module efficiency of 36.7%. In addition to the whole assembly efficiency, measurement methodology and testing procedure were proposed to assess the performance of each individual component in the system. The comparisons between the expected component efficiencies and the actually measured values, together with the comparisons between the independent assembly efficiency measurements by two organizations helped identify pathways to module efficiency greater than 40%.
Science, economics and the design of agricultural conservation programmes in the US

Conservation programmes in the US have emphasised retirement of land from crop production as a mechanism for achieving multiple environmental benefits. Several features of these programmes, such as their eligibility criteria, participation incentives and length of contract, influence the performance of these programmes and their ease of implementation. The design of these programmes has evolved over time in an effort to increase environmental benefits while lowering costs. This paper reviews the key features of land retirement programmes in the US and their implications for programme effectiveness. In particular, it examines the potential benefits from spatial targeting of programme participants, linking contract length to the ecological services being targeted and relying more on science-based models for improving programme outcomes. Targeted land management focuses conservation practices on those portions of the landscape where they will achieve the greatest gains in environmental quality using limited ...
Solid state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance of 15N-labeled nylon 6 and nylon 11: Observation of multiple crystalline forms and amorphous regions

Abstract The solid state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of nylon 6 and nylon 11 is reported. Nylon 6 (20% 15N enriched) was prepared by anionic polymerization of isotopically enriched caprolactam, and NMR samples were prepared by quenching from the melt, and by slow cooling and annealing. Cross-polarization (CP)-magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectra of the 15N-enriched samples showed a single sharp peak (α crystal form) at 84.2 ppm (relative to glycine) and a broader resonance at 87.2 ppm. Relaxation experiments were conducted to determine T1N, T1H and T1ρ for each sample at 300 K. The crystalline resonance was found to have T1N values of 125–416 s, while the down-field peak had two measurable T1N values, one component with a T1 of 1–3 s and a second with the longer T1 of 19–29 s. The two components of the non-crystalline peak are thought to belong to a liquid-like amorphous region and a more rigid “interphase” region lying between the crystalline and amorphous regions. T1ρ measurements were consistent with two-phase morphology although two-component decay for the amorphous region was not observed. 1 H T 1 measurements were apparently dominated by spin diffusion that masked any differences between the regions. The chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of static samples was also obtained. Motion in the amorphous region was monitored by observing an isotropic peak at elevated temperatures. At temperatures above 100 °C, the most deshielded (σ33) component was lost from the CSA spectrum, suggesting a previously unreported motion occuring in the rigid crystalline region. This motion is speculated to be associated with the intermolecular hydrogen bond between adjacent chains. Polyundecanamide (nylon 11) was synthesized with 99 + % 15 N labeling of the amide nitrogen. Polymer samples were thermally treated to give the stable triclinic α crystal form. The γ form was obtained by precipitation from neat trifluoroacetic acid upon evaporation. 15 N CP-MAS NMR clearly differentiated the samples by chemical shift. The α crystal form transformed above 95 °C to the pseudohexagonal δ crystal form, confirming previously reported X-ray and thermal analysis. 15 N spin-lattice (T1) relaxation experiments confirmed decreased relative mobility in going from the δ to the α form consistent with increased molecular rigidity and density. Previous studies suggested that the α-to-δ transition involves the onset of rapid hydrogen bond disruption and re-formation within the crystal lattice above the 95 °C transition temperature. 15 N CSA spectra showed that the hydrogen-bonded amide units remain conformationally rigid in the crystal lattice despite increasing librational motion. Combining 15 N T 1 information with wide-angle X-ray data, a model is presented which accounts for the crystal-to-crystal transition.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of human carotid artery using 2D single-shot interleaved multislice inner volume diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging (2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI) at 3T: diffusion measurement in atherosclerotic plaque.

Purpose To determine if 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI can be used to obtain quantitative diffusion measurements that can assist in the identification of plaque components in the cervical carotid artery.
Evidence That the Gonadotrophs Are the Likely Site of Production of Angiotensin II in the Anterior Pituitary of the Rat

To determine whether the angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity (AII-IR) previously reported in rat gonadotrophs is generated locally, we stained for AII-IR in neonatal rat pituitary explants and dispersed adult pituitary cells maintained in serum-free medium. In both preparations, AII-IR was found in cells with the morphological characteristics of gonadotrophs. In the anterior pituitaries of adult male rats, AII-IR and LHβ immunoreactivity were found by electron microscopy to be located in the same secretory granules. Pituitary tissue was also extracted, and the AH content was measured by RIA. The gland contained 300 times more All than could be accounted for by the extracellular fluid in the gland. On HPLC, the pituitary AIIIR comigrated with synthetic Ile5-AII. Thus, it appears that the AII-IR in rat pituitary gonadotrophs is All and that it is likely to be produced within these cells. (Endocrinology 119: 36–43, 1986)
Neuroendocrine responses to cocaine do not exhibit sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure.

Abstract Cocaine-induced enhancement of motor activity and extracellular dopamine concentrations exhibits sensitization upon repeated exposure. In this study, the neuroendocrine responses to cocaine were examined following cocaine pretreatment regimens which have been shown to produce behavioral sensitization. Adult male rats were injected with cocaine (15 mg/kg, IP) once daily for 14 days, followed by a dose-response challenge with cocaine (1–15 mg/kg, IP) either 18 hours or 7 days after the final pretreatment injection. Blood was collected 15 minutes following injections for radioimmunoassay of ACTH, corticosterone, prolactin, and renin. Cocaine increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone, while it decreased prolactin and renin concentrations. Pretreatment with cocaine for 2 weeks did not alter any of these endocrine responses after either the 18 hour or 7 day interval between pretreatment and challenge injections. In contrast, sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine was observed on the final day of pretreatment injections, and 7 days later. These data suggest that these endocrine effects of cocaine do not exhibit sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure.
On the purification of the alkaline phosphatase of swine kidneys.

Abstract Recent attempts in this laboratory to obtain purified alkaline phosphatase from swine kidney cortex, using the procedure of Albers and Albers were singularly unsuccessful, although the procedure readily gave purified preparations from sheep and horse kidneys. Varying the conditions of the autolysis were without effect on this result. Autolysis of a 1.1 mixture of swine and horse kidney cortex gave results indicating that the enzyme from horse kidney was solubilized and purified at the same time that there was no effect on the enzyme of swine kidney. Further investigation showed that organic solvent extraction removed or destroyed the interference present in fresh swine kidneys. From this it seems likely that an excess of fatty material in the swine kidneys was interfering with the isolation, although other organic solvent effects have not been ruled out. A procedure was developed for the isolation of alkaline phosphatase from fresh swine kidney cortex which avoided the difficulty mentioned above. Principles employed were pancreatin solubilization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, alcohol fractionation and selective denaturation, followed by dialysis. Specific activity of the material obtained is comparable with that of other kidney alkaline phosphatase preparations reported in the literature.