cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
R&D of a Foldable Obstacle-Striding Electromagnetic Coilgun

Electromagnetic coilgun and obstacle-striding mechanism are creatively integrated into the foldable obstacle-striding electromagnetic coilgun. According to the theorem of kinetic energy, permanent magnet NdFeB is used as a collisional armature to accelerate the projectile through a central collision. Meanwhile, structures such as shaft in shaft mechanism are designed. Both of the late-model mechanisms make the physical overall structure simple, compacted, and better capable of obstacle striding and operating performance. The testing results and operating performance of this late-model foldable obstacle-striding electromagnetic coilgun appear to be excellent through observing and analysing the results of experiments. It can successfully cross stairs, steps and other usual obstacles. If the stage and the number of turns of induction coil are increased, with safety protecting device, this equipment will be able to put into practice further in particular fields, for instance, military, anti-terrorism, tall building fire fighting and so on.
Thermal Crown Analysis of the Roll Sleeve in Twin-Roll Strip Casting Process

In the twin-roll strip casting process, analyses of heat transfer and deformation for the casting roll sleeve are carried out by using the finite element program ANSYS to examine the the thermal crown. The effects of several factors such as molten pool temperature, heat flux onto the roll surface and roll edge, heat flux onto the cooling channels, and cooling water temperature on thermal crown are investigated. The results show that the thermal crown does not change sharply during the casting process, after the casting roll reaches thermal equilibrium.
Controls over the accumulation and decline of a nitrogen-fixing lichen, Stereocaulon vulcani, on young Hawaiian lava flows

Summary 1 The abundance of the nitrogen-fixing lichen colonist, Stereocaulon vulcani, was determined on a matrix of sites on the north-east slope of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii. 2 Rates of lichen colonization and accumulation were highest at low elevation, where conditions are warm and wet, but lichens persisted longest in the colder, drier, higher elevation sites. 3 An analysis of lichen abundance data from Mauna Loa's north-east slope, together with data from sites located on different aspects of Mauna Loa volcano and Kilauea volcano, showed that lichen accumulation on the youngest lava flows was limited most strongly by precipitation rather than by temperature. 4 Fertilization experiments showed that at high elevation (1800 m) rates of both nitrogen and carbon uptake were more strongly nutrient-limited in lichens living on an older lava flow (142 years) than in lichens living on a younger lava flow (52 years). Decline of S. vulcani at high elevation may therefore be related to nutrient limitation. 5 An 80% reduction in direct light on the younger flow at low elevation decreased rates of nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen content significantly, suggesting that lichen decline here is most probably due to light limitation as a result of shading by vascular plants.
A multisite interaction expansion of the total energy in metals

Abstract The local-density approximation provides a proper setting for the decomposition of the total energy into many-body (many-atom) contributions. Multiple scattering theory in turn provides a convenient framework for carrying out this process. We illustrate this concept with calculations on arrangements of atoms in bulk copper.
Accounting for Time: Comparing Temporal and Atemporal Analyses of the Business Case for Diversity Management

Public management strategies have an inherent temporal component: managers take action at one time, and employees or organizations respond at a later time. However, it is common to study such strategies using atemporal research. Concerns about the inadequacy of this approach have led scholars to advocate for public management research that incorporates time. Because following this advice is difficult, it is important to evaluate how the omission of time affects the understanding of public management strategies. This article compares temporal and atemporal analyses of the business case for diversity management—the expectation that organizations that manage diversity well will also improve their performance. Using survey and personnel data drawn from U.S. federal government subagencies, the article shows that both analyses support this general expectation. However, the cross-sectional analysis, by failing to account for organizational inertia, portrays diversity management as more potent than the analyses taking time into account.
Factoring polynomials using fewer random bits

Let F be a field of q=p^n elements, where p is prime. We present two new probabilisticalgorithms for factoring polynomials in F[X] that make particularly efficient use of random bits. They are easy to implement, and require no randomness beyond an initial seed whose length is proportional to the input size. The first algorithm is based on a procedure of Berlekamp; on input f in F[X] of degree d, it uses d log"2p random bits and produces in polynomial time a complete factorisation of f with a failure probability of no more than 1/p^(^1^-^e^)^d^/^2. (Here @e denotes a fixed parameter between 0 and 1 that can be chosen by the implementer.) The second algorithm is based on a method of Cantor and Zassenhaus; it uses d log"2q random bits and fails to find a complete factorisation with probability no more than 1/q^(^1^-^e^)^d^/^4. For both of these algorithms, the failure probability is exponentially small in the number of random bits used.
Nanoparticles and the blood coagulation system. Part I: benefits of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is proven to provide certain benefits in drug delivery by improving solubility, increasing uptake to target sites and changing pharmacokinetics profiles of traditional drugs. Since properties of many materials change tremendously at the nanoscale levels, nanotechnology is also being explored in various industrial applications. As such, nanoparticles are rapidly entering various areas of industry, biology and medicine. The benefits of using nanotechnology for industrial and biomedical applications are often tempered by concerns about the safety of these new materials. One such area of concern includes their effect on the immune system. While nanoparticle interactions with various constituents of the immune system have been reviewed before, little attention was given to nanoparticle effects on the blood coagulation system. Nanoparticle interface with the blood coagulation system may lead to either benefits to the host or adverse reactions. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of nanoparticle interactions with plasma coagulation factors, platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Part I is focused on desirable interactions between nanoparticles and the coagulation system, and discusses benefits of using nanotechnology to intervene in coagulation disorders. Undesirable interactions posing safety concerns are covered in part II, which will be published in the June issue of Nanomedicine.
Conserved, N-Linked Carbohydrates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Are Largely Dispensable for Viral Replication

The transmembrane subunit (TM) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein contains four well-conserved sites for the attachment of N-linked carbohydrates. To study the contribution of these N-glycans to the function of TM, we systematically mutated the sites individually and in all combinations and measured the effects of each on viral replication in culture. The mutants were derived from SHIV-KB9, a simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV chimera with an envelope sequence that originated from a primary HIV-1 isolate. The attachment site mutants were generated by replacing the asparagine codon of each N-X-S/T motif with a glutamine codon. The mobilities of the variant transmembrane proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that all four sites are utilized for carbohydrate attachment. Transfection of various cell lines with the resulting panel of mutant viral constructs revealed that the N-glycan attachment sites are largely dispensable for viral replication. Fourteen of the 15 mutants were replication competent, although the kinetics of replication varied depending on the mutant and the cell type. The four single mutants (g1, g2, g3, and g4) and all six double mutants (g12, g13, g14, g23, g24, and g34) replicated in both human and rhesus monkey T-cell lines, as well as in primary rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three of the four triple mutants (g124, g134, and g234) replicated in all cell types tested. The triple mutant g123 replicated poorly in immortalized rhesus monkey T cells (221 cells) and did not replicate detectably in CEMx174 cells. However, at 3 weeks posttransfection of 221 cells, a variant of g123 emerged with a new N-glycan attachment site which compensated for the loss of sites 1, 2, and 3 and resulted in replication kinetics similar to those of the parental virus. The quadruple mutant (g1234) did not replicate in any cell line tested, and the g1234 envelope protein was nonfunctional in a quantitative cell-cell fusion assay. The synthesis and processing of the quadruple mutant envelope protein appeared similar in transient assays to those of the parental SHIV-KB9 envelope. Given their high degree of conservation, the four N-linked carbohydrate attachment sites on the external domain of gp41 are surprisingly dispensable for viral replication. The viral variants described in this report should prove useful for investigation of the contribution of carbohydrate moieties on gp41 to recognition by antibodies, shielding from antibody-mediated neutralization, and structure-function relationships.
Qualitative engineering at various levels of conception design and evaluation of structures

A multiple layer semantic net is proposed as a cognitive science framework to represent knowledge at various levels of abstractness. The multiple layers are qualitative at higher levels and quantitative at lower levels, and contain at all levels concepts that can be described by declarative and/or procedural statements. The semantic nets describe hierarchical knowledge associated with facts and events, and the procedures that are followed to process the information contained in the factual semantic nets. A Typicality Function is used to qualify the relevance of a concept to a class, and an Abstraction Function is used to describe at what level of representational abstraction the concept is described; both functions will be developed by combination of a fuzzy set-theory and knowledge-based prototype theory. All concepts and semantic net are represented by semiotic paradigms and manipulated as such. The information is processed through the multiple layer semantic net by qualitative reasoning.
Lignin-like polymers in coals

ALTHOUGH lignins are major constituents of plants from which coals are derived, their roles in the coalification process and resulting coal structures have not been defined. On the basis of chemical and biological degradations, lignins are considered to be polymers of p-coumaryl-(I), coniferyl- (II), and sinapyl- (III) alcohols1–3. Isolation of coal degradation products related to these three monomers should shed some light on the roles played by lignins during coalification and in the final structure of coals. To date such studies have had only limited success. Many oxidative degradations have also been carried out to break coal down into simpler species; however, isolation and identification of p-hydroxyl (IV), vanillyl (V), and syringyl (VI) groups, which are characteristic lignin oxidation products, have not yet been confirmed. We report here that, using a CuO–NaOH oxidation procedure we were able to isolate phenolic acids which show a relationship between lignins and coals.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN THE '90s

Back in 1986 I wrote a chapter titled “Designing a Spreadsheet Decision Support System in a Library” for a book edited by Peter Hernon and Chuck McClure, Micro‐computers for Library Decision Making (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp., 1986, pp. 100–117). I illustrated the different types of data that were necessary for decision making (financial, personnel, physical resource, and use) and examined the ways that a spreadsheet could be used to collect, analyze, and report the data. The illustrations showed various formulas that could be used to distribute financial information to various departments. Examples were shown of various charts and graphs that could be made to assist in the analysis of the data. I even plotted a regression line.
Functionalization of the Internal Surface of Pure-Silica MFI Zeolite with Aliphatic Alcohols

The functionalization of the internal surface of pure-silica MFI zeolite using aliphatic alcohols (1-butanol and 1-hexanol) is reported. Calcined MFI nanoparticles (50, 100, 200, and 500 nm in size) are treated with neat 1-butanol and 1-hexanol under reflux conditions. The 1-butanol loadings on 200 and 500 nm particles are determined to be 0.7 mmol/g SiO2 by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and are similar to the tetrapropylammonium (TPA) template content of the as-made nanoparticles. 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR and TGA data suggest that the observed 1-butanol loading is strongly correlated with the concentration of internal silanol defect sites. In addition, significantly higher 1-butanol loadings on 50 nm (1.1 mmol/g SiO2) and 100 nm (0.93 mmol/g SiO2) MFI nanoparticles reflect the concurrent functionalization of silanols on the external surfaces of the nanoparticles. These results are in systematic agreement with theoretical estimates that consider both internal and externa...
NONLINEAR TEMPERATURE GRADIENT EFFECTS IN DOWEL JOINTED CONCRETE SLABS

The effect of nonlinearity in Temperature Gradient Profile (TGP) on dowel jointed concrete slabs is examined using nonlinear Three-Dimensional Finite Element (3DFE) modeling. The model's thermal response is validated versus field-measured data collected from a heavily instrumented section on the Robert Byrd Highway (Route 33) near Elkins, West Virginia, USA. Results indicate that TGP nonlinearity has its maximum effect on the longitudinal stress 0.28 m away from the transverse joint, i.e. near the end of the embedded dowel bars. A TGP that includes a uniform temperature drop is shown to induce a large magnitude of tensile thermal stress at mid slab. This stress is unaffected by the extent of nonlinearity in TGP and depends on the magnitude of temperature drop and the difference between slab top and bottom temperatures. It is shown that dowel bar bending, due to slab curling, introduces a significant edge restraint to slab contraction and expansion due to ambient temperature changes. Mid-slab longitudinal ...
Partition of water-soluble proteins in extremity muscles of mice with “dystrophia muscularis”

Abstract Qualitative and quantitative partition of water-soluble proteins in muscle from mice with dystrophia muscularis was contrasted with their normal litter mates. Consistent patterns were obtained using a DEAE cellulose ion exchange column; elution was carried out by a combined phosphate buffer and pH gradient at slow flow rates (1–2 cc/hour), followed by resolution of fractions by electrophoresis on starch gel. Four major peaks were eluted from extracts of normal muscle and a like number from dystrophic muscle. Comparison of patterns derived from normal and dystrophic muscle revealed significant differences in quantity and localization of proteins, as eluted from the column, as well as characterization on starch gel. The proteins derived from the column appeared to be unique entities, inasmuch as each peak gave rise (with one exception) to a single band on starch gel. The nature of the peaks, together with definition of separate fractions, is under study.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain ATCC 43816 KPPR1, a Rifampin-Resistant Mutant Commonly Used in Animal, Genetic, and Molecular Biology Studies.

ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae is an urgent public health threat due to the spread of carbapenem-resistant strains causing serious, and frequently fatal, infections. To facilitate genetic, molecular, and immunological studies of this pathogen, we report the complete chromosomal sequence of a genetically tractable, prototypical strain used in animal models.
Westermarck, Freud, and the Incest Taboo: Does Familial Resemblance Activate Sexual Attraction?

Evolutionary psychological theories assume that sexual aversions toward kin are triggered by a nonconscious mechanism that estimates the genetic relatedness between self and other. This article presents an alternative perspective that assumes that incest avoidance arises from consciously acknowledged taboos and that when awareness of the relationship between self and other is bypassed, people find individuals who resemble their kin more sexually appealing. Three experiments demonstrate that people find others more sexually attractive if they have just been subliminally exposed to an image of their opposite-sex parent (Experiment 1) or if the face being rated is a composite image based on the self (Experiment 2). This finding is reversed when people are aware of the implied genetic relationship (Experiment 3). These findings have implications for a century-old debate between E. Westermarck and S. Freud, as well as contemporary research on evolution, mate choice, and sexual imprinting.
The maternal autoimmune environment affects the social behavior of offspring

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with unknown etiology. BTBR-T(+)tf/J (BTBR) mice, a mouse strain with behaviors that resemble autism and with elevated levels of anti-brain antibodies (Abs), have enhanced activation of peripheral B cells and CD4(+) T cells and an expanded percentage of CD4(+) T cells expressing Vβ6 chains. The CD4(+)CD25(+)Vβ6(+) and Vβ6-splenic cells of BTBR mice have elevated levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17, but there appears to be no preferential CD4(+) T subset skewing/polarization. The high level of IgG production by BTBR B cells was dependent on T cells from BTBR mice. The CD4(+) T cells of BTBR mice, especially those expressing Vβ6 become spontaneously activated and expanded in an autoimmune-like manner, which occurred in both BTBR and B6 hosts that received an equal number of BTBR and B6 bone marrow cells. BTBR mice also have an elevated percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils, which may represent their elevated inflammatory state. B6 offspring derived from B6 dams that were gestationally injected with purified IgG from sera of BTBR mice, but not IgG of B6 mice, developed significantly impaired social behavior. Additionally, B6 offspring that developed in BTBR dams had impaired social behavior, while BTBR offspring that developed in B6 dams had improved social behavior. All of the immunological and behavioral parameters of BTBR mice were compared with those of B6 mice, which have relatively normal behaviors. The results indicate maternal Abs and possibly other maternal influences affect the social behavior of offspring.
Measurements of chromatic and achromatic afterimages.

Several types of measurement were made of the negative afterimages formed by viewing chromatic and achromatic sine-wave conditioning gratings that were stabilized on the retina. We varied the spatial frequency, contrast, and duration of the conditioning stimulus and the interval between its offset and the after-image measurement. Different methods of measuring afterimage contrast were also compared. We conclude that (1) an isoluminant chromatic stimulus creates an isoluminant chromatic afterimage; (2) afterimage contrast is linearly related to conditioning contrast; (3) chromatic and achromatic afterimages have similar low-pass spatial-frequency characteristics; (4) both types of afterimage build up and decay exponentially, with a (1/e) time constant of 4–8 s; (5) most important, both chromatic and achromatic afterimages raise the threshold for a chromatic flashed grating, but neither affects the threshold for an achromatic flashed grating; (6) we can explain these results by postulating that negative afterimages are subserved only by the sustained, or parvocellular, pathways.
Soil water capacity prediction

Abstract Wet soils, those with low-tension water, are defined as soils holding water at a tension of 10 hPa or less. Data from soil clods equilibrated at 5 hPa absorption tension were used to develop a regression equation for predicting the water contents of wet soils. A test using a different set of noncorrelated data showed good agreement between results as predicted by the equation and measured values of soil water at 5 hPa. Soil clods equilibrated at 5 hPa tension held water that approximated the water quantity held after free wetting.
Evaluation of the internal colonization of Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. roots by dark septate fungi and the influence of host physiological activity

Dark septate (DS) fungal endophytes are the primary root colonizers of fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt, a dominant and ecologically important shrub in southwestern USA rangelands. These fungi are characteristically identified as stained or pigmented hyphae and microsclerotia in the root cortex using conventional fungus staining methods. A. canescens roots colonized by DS fungi were stained with sudan IV and analyzed with differential interference microscopy. This method revealed substantial internal colonization of the cortex and vascular cylinder by vacuolated hyaline hyphae that were not evident when stained with trypan blue. Hyaline hyphae were internal extensions of melanized DS hyphae and microsclerotia. Sudan IV intensely stained lipids in fungal vacuoles, further enhancing visibility of internal hyaline hyphae. Melanized hyphae and microsclerotia were more abundant in roots sampled from dormant and relatively inactive plants, while hyaline hyphae and lipid accumulation were most prevalent in roots of physiologically active plants. The polymorphic nature of DS fungal endophytes, their dynamic response to metabolic activity, and their similarities and differences relative to aseptate fungal colonization in A. canescens roots are discussed.
Physical Interpretation of the Spectral Radiative Signature in the Transition Zone Between Cloud-Free and Cloudy Regions

One-second-resolution zenith radiance measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's new shortwave spectrometer (SWS) provide a unique opportunity to analyze the transition zone between cloudy and cloud-free air, which has considerable bearing on the aerosol indirect effect. In the transition zone, we find a remarkable linear relationship between the sum and difference of radiances at 870 and 1640 nm wavelengths. The intercept of the relationship is determined primarily by aerosol properties, and the slope by cloud properties. We then show that this linearity can be predicted from simple theoretical considerations and furthermore that it supports the hypothesis of inhomogeneous mixing, whereby optical depth increases as a cloud is approached but the effective drop size remains unchanged.
Investigation of hydrogen content in chemically delithiated lithium-ion battery cathodes using prompt gamma activation analysis

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as a power source for portable electronic devices. Currently, only 50-70% of the theoretical capacity of the layered oxide cathode (positive electrode) materials could be reversibly used. The reason for this limitation is not fully understood in the literature. Recent structural and chemical characterizations of chemically delithiated (charged) cathodes suggest that loss of oxygen from the lattice may play a role in this regard. However, during the chemical delithiation process any proton inserted from the solvent could adversely affect the oxygen content analysis data. The challenge in addressing this issue is to detect and determine precisely the proton content in the chemically delithiated samples. The prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) facility at the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory (NETL) is used to determine the proton content in the layered oxide cathode LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 before and after chemical delithiation. The data are compared with those obtained with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which can provide mainly qualitative analysis. The technique has proved to be promising for these compounds and will be applied to characterize several other chemically delithiated Li1-xCo1-yMyO2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mg, and Al) cathodes.
Inverting papilloma of the base of tongue with malignant transformation.

CASE REPORT A 48-year-old otherwise healthy man presented to his primary care physician with complaints of persistent globus sensation, dysphagia, neck pain, and otalgia. Over the course of 2 years, the patient was referred to 3 otolaryngologists, the last of whom took the patient to the operating room for a direct laryngoscopy and biopsy. The patient was unable to be intubated in the operating room and underwent emergent tracheotomy to secure his airway. The patient was then referred to our clinic because of suspected malignancy. In the office, an ill-defined tongue base induration was noted by palpation. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy showed a fullness of the tongue base, but there were no mucosal abnormalities. A computed tomography scan (CT) of the neck, with intravenous contrast, showed a mild asymmetry of the base of the tongue (Fig 1). The epiglottis appeared thickened, and there was a mass noted within the base of tongue, approximately at the level of the hyoid bone. The remainder of the patient’s metastatic work-up, including liver function and thyroid function tests, and a CT of the chest, was normal. The patient was taken back to the operating room for an examination under anesthesia and direct laryngoscopy with biopsy samples; this procedure confirmed both the fiberoptic examination and CT findings. Deep and directed biopsies were performed, and samples were sent for both frozen and permanent sections.
Piezoelectric effect in elongated (In, Ga)As islands on GaAs(100)

The piezoelectric (PZ) effect is demonstrated for the elongated three-dimensional (In,Ga)As islands grown on a GaAs (100) substrate. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum is studied as a function of excitation intensity. With increasing excitation intensity, a blue shift and a linewidth reduction of the PL peak from the (In,Ga)As islands are observed. The observed phenomena are attributed to the screening of the internal strain-induced PZ field in the (In,Ga)As islands.
A review of Madagascan Uapaca (Euphorbiaceae s.l.)

ABSTRACT Uapaca in Madagascar, formerly considered to comprise 12 species, is here treated as consisting of eight species, all endemic. Staminodes (in the staminate flowers) are reported for the first time in the genus, and a key is proposed, along with descriptions and notes on variation.
Comparison of the reactivity of high-surface area, monolayer vanadia/ceria catalysts with vanadia/CeO2(1 1 1) model systems

Abstract In this study, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) was used to compare the reactivity of a high-surface area, monolayer vanadia/ceria catalyst with that of a 0.5 ML ceria film supported on the (1 1 1) surface of CeO 2 single crystal. TPD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments with the vanadia/CeO 2 (1 1 1) model system were carried out in an ultra-high-vacuum surface analysis system, while TPD studies for the high-surface area vanadia/ceria catalyst were conducted in a high-vacuum microbalance equipped with a mass spectrometer. The TPD studies showed similar reactivity for both samples. They were both active for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and the temperature at which adsorbed methoxide intermediates underwent dehydrogenation to produce formaldehyde during TPD was found to be a function of the oxidation state of the cations in the supported vanadia layer for both samples. The similarity in the results obtained in this study from the high and low surface area samples indicates that monolayer vanadia films supported on metal oxide single crystals are excellent models of high-surface area, polycrystalline, supported vanadia catalysts.
The variability of occluded and unoccluded bone-conduction thresholds.

A series of three experiments of similar basic design was performed on individuals with normal hearing to compare the variability associated with occluded and unoccluded bone-conduction thresholds....
Molecular orientation and structural development in vulcanized polyisoprene rubbers during uniaxial deformation by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Abstract Molecular orientation and strain-induced crystallization of vulcanized natural rubbers (by sulfur and peroxide) and synthetic polyisoprene rubber (by sulfur) during uniaxial deformation at 0 °C were studied by in situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The high intensity of synchrotron X-rays and new image analysis methods made it possible to estimate the mass fractions of strain-induced crystals and amorphous chains in both oriented and unoriented states. Most of the polymer chains (∼75%) were found to be in the random coil state even at large strains (>5.0). Only about 5% the amorphous chains were oriented, whereas the rest of the chains (∼20%) were in the crystalline phase. Sulfur vulcanized and peroxide vulcanized natural rubbers did not exhibit notable differences in structure and property relationships. In contrast, synthetic polyisoprene rubber showed a different behavior of deformation-induced structural changes, which can be attributed to the difference in cross-link topology. Our results indicated that strain induces a network of microfibrillar crystals in both natural and synthetic polyisoprene rubbers due to the inhomogeneity of cross-link distribution that is responsible for their elastic properties.
Turbulence measurements in a Mach 2.9 boundary layer including mild pressure gradients

Mass-weighted-time, or Favre-averaged, turbulence measurements were acquired in a Mach 2.9 air boundary layer for three pressure gradient cases. Curved walls were used to produce the pressure gradient and streamline curvature effects. The boundary layers along a curved wall expansion (β -0.5 and Re θ = 14.5 x 10 3 ), the expansion region (β -1.2 and Re θ = 11.5 x 10 3 ) following an initial compression (β 1.0), and a nominally zero pressure gradient (Re θ = 10.9 x 10 3 ) were investigated. Laser Doppler velocimetry and cross-film anemometry were used to acquire direct and detailed surveys of the Reynolds shear stress (ρu'v') and the mean transverse Favre velocity fluctuation (v). Velocity profiles were also acquired.
Company-wide documentation planning

Abstract A reference manual is not a user's manual . A tutorial is not a recipe . And none of these is a standard operating procedure . Each has its own function and design, and all have a plane in a company's set of documentation. Research has shown that workers must glean, from mounds of printed material, crucial information specific to their tasks and that they must do this quickly to meet task-related deadlines. Companies must provide their workers with the information they need, when they need it, and at a level they can comprehend. This can be done through a company-wide documentation plan that properly designs and implements recipes, tutorials, standard operating procedures, reference manuals, and user's manuals. Such a plan has met with success for the internal documentation needs of a computer center with over 70 employees, most of them part-time, and for the external documentation needs of a clientele numbering well over 5000.
Nonlinear Stochastic Controllers for Semiactive and Regenerative Structural Control Systems, With Guaranteed Quadratic Performance Margins

In many applications of vibration control, the circumstances of the application impose constraints on the energy available for the actuation of control forces. Semiactive dampers (i.e., viscous dampers with controllable coefficients) constitute the simplest example of such actuation in structural control applications. Regenerative Force Actuation (RFA) networks are an extension of semiactive devices, in which mechanical energy is first converted to electrical energy, which is then dissipated in a controllable resistive network. A fairly general class of semiactive and regenerative systems can be characterized by a differential equation which is bilinear (i.e., linear in state, linear in control input, but nonlinear in both). This paper presents a general approach to bilinear feedback control system design for semiactive and regenerative systems, which is analytically guaranteed to out-perform optimal linear viscous damping in stationary stochastic response, under the familiar Quadratic Gaussian performance measure. The design for full-state feedback and for the more practical case of noise-corrupted and incomplete measurements (i.e., output feedback) are separately discussed. Variants of the theory are shown to exist for other quadratic performance measures, including risk-sensitive and multi-objective frameworks. An illustrative application to civil engineering is presented.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete plates and shells under monotonic loading

Abstract Plane stress constitutive models are proposed for the nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures under monotonic loading. An elastic strain hardening plastic stress-strain relationship with a nonassociated flow rule is used to model concrete in the compression dominating region and an elastic brittle fracture behavior is assumed for concrete in the tension dominating area. After cracking takes place, the smeared cracked approach together with the rotating crack concept is employed. The steel is modeled by an idealized bilinear curve identical in tension and compressions. Via a layered approach, these material models are further extended to model the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete plates and shells. These material models have been tested against experimental data and good agreement has been obtained.
DIGITAL REPOSITORIES: ALL HYPE AND NO SUBSTANCE?

A presentation at the 26th IATUL Conference, 29 May - 2 June 2005. Conference theme: Information and Innovation Universite Laval Library, Quebec City, Canada.
Resin-based Yttrium-90 radioembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors in a single-center cancer registry

Purpose Hepatic metastases are a poor prognostic factor in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Resin-based Yttrium-90 (Y-90) delivers high doses of radiation to hepatic tumors and is a promising treatment option for metastatic NETs. The aim of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and survival of patients with NET and hepatic metastases treated with Y-90 to those not treated with Y-90. Materials and Methods The Emory Cancer Registry was used to identify patients with NET and hepatic metastases from February 2003 to January 2012. Date of death was found using the Social Security Death Index (SSDI). Survival was measured from date of initial diagnosis of NET. Student T-tests, Chi-Square Tests, and Fisher’s Exact Test were used to compare patients treated with Y-90 to those not treated with Y-90. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test. All analyses were done using R. Results 160 patients were included in this study. 44 patients underwent Y-90 therapy. There were no differences between the two groups in age (p=.30), gender (p=.11), or race (p=.52). The location of primary tumor was also similar between the two groups (p=.55). Patients treated with Y-90 were more likely to have been treated with chemotherapy (43% versus 22%, p=.01) and were more likely to have had a resection of their primary tumor (47% versus 26%, p=.02). The median survival in the Y-90 group was 4.2 years compared to 2.0 years in patients not treated with Y-90 (p=.01). Conclusion In a single academic center, patients treated with Y-90 had similar age, gender, race, and location of primary tumor compared to those not offered Y-90. Patients treated with Y-90 were more likely to have previous treatments with chemotherapy and primary resection, signifying that these patients have already utilized other treatment modalities. Patients treated with Y-90 also had increased survival, 4.2 years compared to 2.0 years.
RESIDUACITY PROPERTIES OF REAL QUADRATIC UNITS

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for representing certain classes of primes by given quadratic forms are found by generalizing techniques of rational number theory. The main result is that if m = 5 or 13, and if p is a rational prime such that ( −1 p ) = 1 = ( m p ) , then a necessary and sufficient condition that x 2 + 4 my 2 = p for some rational integers x and y is that [ ϵ m p ] = 1 , where ϵ m denotes the fundamental unit of the field Q(m 1 2 ) and [/] denotes the Legendre symbol of the ring of integers of Q(m 1 2 ) with p a prime ideal divisor of p in Q(m 1 2 ) .
CELL DIVISION KINETICS IN THE SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM OF CERATOPTERIS THALICTROIDES BRONG. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE APICAL CELL

The duration of mitosis and the cell cycle were determined for defined cell populations of the shoot apical meristem of Ceratopteris thalictroides Brong. by using the colchicine-induced metaphase accumulation technique. The results indicate that the apical cell is mitotically active and cycles at an apparently greater frequency than the cells of subjacent populations. Duration of mitosis was similar for all cells of the meristem. These results are correlated with mitotic indices of control apices, the geometry of the apex, and the mean number of cells in the meristem. Shoot apices from adult plants were examined to determine mitotic indices within the meristem; mitotic activity was again noted for the apical cell. These results contradict recent proposals that the pteridophyte apical cell serves as a unicellular quiescent center which lacks histogenic potential and offer experimental support for the classical concept of apical cell function in those fern shoot meristems which terminate in a single apical cell. THE PRESENT controversy concerning the role of the apical cell in pteridophyte shoot and root meristems has generated a renewed interest in this topic, and a good deal of current research has been directed toward the elucidation of apical cell function. One such point of controversy has been the mitotic activity of the apical cell and its histogenic role in the meristem. Buvat and Liard (1953) and D'Amato and Avanzi (1968) investigated the apical cell of Equisetum and concluded that this cell divides rarely and functions as a unicellular quiescent center. These conclusions were based on the number of mitotic figures observed in median sections of shoot apices, and on cyctospectrophotometric measure
Flow Morphologies and Bubble Dynamics in Microchannels With Entrenched Micro-Pin Fins

Flow boiling of HFE 7000 on micro pin fins entrenched inside microchannels was experimentally studied for G = 350 kg/m2 s to G = 827 kg/m2 s and wall heat fluxes from 10 W/cm2 to 110 W/cm2 . Bubbly, multiple, and wavy-annular flow patterns were observed. The interaction of the bubble with the pin fins during nucleate boiling is detailed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Vitamin E in young and old human red blood cells

Abstract Young and old human red blood cells contain about the same amount of α-tocopherol, a compound which has previously been shown to be the major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant present in such cells. Since red blood cells lose up to ca. 20% of lipid material from their membrane as they age, the α-tocopherol/ membrane-lipid ratio actually rises with age rather than declining as might have been expected on the basis of the free radical theory of aging. The α-tocopherol/arachidonic acid moiety ratios increase in the order: young red blood cells /lt; old red blood cells /lt; plasma, which argues against the suggested membrane 177 stabilizing effect of α-tocopherol/arachidonic acid moiety complexes.
Synthesis of 3-deoxy-1α,25-dihydroxy-9,11-dehydrovitamin D3: Selective formation of 6β-vitamin D vinylallenes and their thermal [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift☆

Abstract The CD ring unsaturated vitamin 4 , an analogue possessing a perturbed π-system and also incapable of undergoing a [1,7]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift, was prepared in eight steps from the ketone 6 . A stereoselective method for the preparation of 6β-vitamin D type vinylallenes was developed in this synthesis, starting from propargyl benzoate 10 .
Power monotonicity in detecting volatility levels change

We show that the CUSUM and LM tests for structural change in the volatility process enjoy monotonic power. The framework is general including many recently proposed non-stationary GARCH-type models. The result is in contrast to the well-known issue of non-monotonic power for the CUSUM-based tests for changing mean. Simulations and an empirical example provide further support.
Correlation of reaction-center chlorophyll (P-700) oxidation and bound iron-sulfur protein photoreduction in chloroplast Photosystem I at low temperatures

Abstract The extent of P -700 photooxidation at 18 °K has been followed in three different chloroplast preparations (unfractionated chloroplasts and two preparations enriched in Photosystem I). More than 90% of P -700 + formation in all preparations was eliminated by the addition of sodium dithionite at pH 10. Photoreduction of a bound chloroplast iron-sulfur protein was also decreased by at least 90% under similar conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the chloroplast preparations in the presence of dithionite showed chemical reduction of bound iron-sulfur protein under conditions where primary photochemistry is eliminated. These results indicate that P -700 photooxidation is concomitant with photoreduction of a bound iron-sulfur protein and that this iron-sulfur protein functions as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I.
Giant Magnetoresistance in Single Layer and Multilayer Phase Separating Alloy Films

The phenomenon of giant magnetoresistance (GMR), previously measured only in multilayer films comprising ferromagnetic layers separated by nonmagnetic spacers, has recently been observed in single layer ‘granular’ alloy thin films prepared by co-sputtering a ferromagnet and a nonmagnet which tend to phase separate (cluster) under equilibrium conditions. We have systematically studied the magnetoresistance of two new phase separating GMR systems (Ni66Fe16Co18-Ag and CogoFe10-Ag) both of which exhibit large room temperature GMR (>11% and >14%, respectively). We have also attempted to influence the details of the field dependence of the magnetoresistance in the previously studied Co-Ag system by employing novel processing methods including interrupted sputtering and layering of the Co-Ag alloy with Cu spacers.
Auditory performance with simultaneous intracochlear multichannel stimulation.

Abstract Different sound processing strategies are used in the various cochlear implant designs. This report presents auditory data on 35 patients implanted at the University of Utah from April 1984 to April 1989. A multichannel monopolar electrode system is inserted intracochlearly. During daily use and auditory performance testing, four electrodes receive simultaneous input. The incoming acoustic signal is amplified and routed to the different electrodes through a band-pass filter system. Mean pure-tone performances were: 500 Hz-29.6 +/- 9.4 dB; 1000 Hz-23.5 +/- 13.2 dB; 2000 Hz-25.4 +/- 9.6 dB; 4000 Hz-32.1 +/- 11.5 dB; and 6000 Hz-42.2 +/- 7.7 dB. Audio-only CID sentence testing showed 51.4% of patients scoring better than 60% and 40% scoring better than 80%. The percutaneous pedestal is well tolerated; patients have had the systems in place for 13 and 15 years.
The early diagenesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons and organic matter in sedimentary particulates from Dabob Bay, Washington

Aliphatic hydrocarbon compositions were quantitatively characterized in plankton, sediment trap-collected particulate materials and sediments from Dabob Bay using high resolution glass capillary gas chromatography. The average net accumulation of individual hydrocarbons measured in a 1-yr series of sediment traps was compared with the net accumulation of corresponding compounds measured in three depth intervals of 210Pb-dated bottom sediments. Systematic and rapid decreases in the net accumulation of individual hydrocarbons were observed from the sediment traps to the sediments. Most pronounced decreases were measured for planktonically derived hydrocarbon constituents (e.g. pristane and two unsaturated compounds) which are rapidly remineralized at or near the sediment-water interface. Consequently, the amount of each compound measured in deposited sediments is not necessarily a quantitative indication of its initial flux to the sediments. The n-alkanes (C25,27,29,31). characteristic of terrestrial plant waxes, are the predominant hydrocarbons measured by 4–6 cm depth in these sediments and show reasonably constant net accumulation below this interval. Significant diagenetic alteration of the bulk organic matter contained in the average sediment trap particulate material is also noted through comparison with bottom sediments on the basis of organic C/N and δ13C measurements. Organic matter elementally similar to marine plankton is preferentially remineralized upon deposition of the sedimentary particulates. The residual organic matter remaining and buried in the bottom sediments closely resembles terrestrial organic matter.
Manifold: A parallel simulation framework for multicore systems

This paper presents Manifold, an open-source parallel simulation framework for multicore architectures. It consists of a parallel simulation kernel, a set of microarchitecture components, and an integrated library of power, thermal, reliability, and energy models. Using the components as building blocks, users can assemble multicore architecture simulation models and perform serial or parallel simulations to study the architectural and/or the physical characteristics of the models. Users can also create new components for Manifold or port existing models. Importantly, Manifold's component-based design provides the user with the ability to easily replace a component with another for efficient explorations of the design space. It also allows components to evolve independently and making it easy for simulators to incorporate new components as they become available. The distinguishing features of Manifold include i) transparent parallel execution, ii) integration of power, thermal, reliability, and energy models, iii) full system simulation, e.g., operating system and system binaries, and iv) component-based design. In this paper we provide a description of the software architecture of Manifold, and its main elements - a parallel multicore emulator front-end and a parallel component-based back-end timing model. We describe a few simulators that are built with Manifold components to illustrate its flexibility, and present test results of the scalability obtained on full-system simulation of coherent shared-memory multicore models with 16, 32, and 64 cores executing PARSEC and SPLASH-2 benchmarks.