cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FEM assessment of the effects of machining parameters in vibration assisted nano impact machining of silicon by loose abrasives

In this paper, the commercial FEM software package ABAQUS 6.14/EXPLICIT is used to model a vibration assisted nano impact machining process by loose abrasives (VANILA), in which an atomic force microscope (AFM) is used as a platform and the nanoabrasives (diamond particles) injected in slurry between the workpiece (silicon) and the vibrating AFM probe impact the workpiece and result in nanoscale material removal. The FEM model is validated first and then is used to investigate the influence of impact speed, impact angle, and the frictional coefficient between the workpiece and abrasives on the nanocavity's size and depth. It is concluded that the impact speed, impact angle, and frictional coefficient between the silicon workpiece and nanoabrasives have substantial influence on the nanocavity's size and depth, the optimal size of which along with material removal rate might be achieved by simultaneously considering impact speed, impact angle, and frictional coefficient. [Submitted 20 March 2018; Accepted 23 December 2018]
SimBa: An Efficient Tool for Approximating Rips-filtration Persistence via Sim plicial Ba tch Collapse

In topological data analysis, a point cloud data P extracted from a metric space is often analyzed by computing the persistence diagram or barcodes of a sequence of Rips complexes built on P indexed by a scale parameter. Unfortunately, even for input of moderate size, the size of the Rips complex may become prohibitively large as the scale parameter increases. Starting with the Sparse Rips filtration introduced by Sheehy, some existing methods aim to reduce the size of the complex to improve time efficiency as well. However, as we demonstrate, existing approaches still fall short of scaling well, especially for high-dimensional data. In this article, we investigate the advantages and limitations of existing approaches. Based on insights gained from the experiments, we propose an efficient new algorithm, called SimBa, for approximating the persistent homology of Rips filtrations with quality guarantees. Our new algorithm leverages a batch-collapse strategy as well as a new Sparse Rips-like filtration. We experiment on a variety of low- and high-dimensional datasets. We show that our strategy presents a significant size reduction and that our algorithm for approximating Rips filtration persistence is an order of magnitude faster than existing methods in practice.
The McdAB Carboxysome Positioning System is Widespread Among β-cyanobacteria

Carboxysomes are protein-based organelles that are essential for allowing cyanobacteria to fix CO2. Previously we identified a two-component system, McdAB, responsible for equidistantly positioning carboxysomes in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. McdA, a ParA-type ATPase, non-specifically binds the nucleoid in the presence of ATP. McdB, a novel factor that directly binds carboxysomes, displaces McdA from the nucleoid. Removal of McdA from the nucleoid in the vicinity of carboxysomes by McdB causes a global break in McdA symmetry, and carboxysome motion occurs via a Brownian-ratchet based mechanism towards the highest concentration of McdA. Despite the importance for cyanobacteria to properly position their carboxysomes, whether the McdAB system is widespread among cyanobacteria remains an open question. Here, we used neighborhood analysis to show that the McdAB system is widespread among {beta}-cyanobacteria and often clusters near carboxysome-related components. Moreover, we show that two distinct McdAB systems exist in {beta}-cyanobacteria, with Type 2 systems being the most abundant (>98% of {beta}-cyanobacteria) and Type 1 systems, like that of S. elongatus, possibly being acquired more recently. Surprisingly, our analysis suggests that the McdAB system is completely absent in -cyanobacteria. Lastly, all McdB proteins we identified share the sequence signatures of a protein capable of undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS). Indeed, we find that S. elongatus McdB undergoes LLPS in vitro, the first example of a ParA-type ATPase partner protein exhibiting this behavior. This is an intriguing finding given the recent demonstration of LLPS activity by {beta}-carboxysome core components. Our results have broader implications for understanding carboxysome biogenesis and positioning across all {beta}-cyanobacteria.nnIn BriefWe found that the McdAB carboxysome positioning system is widespread among {beta}-cyanobacteria, absent in -cyanobacteria, exists in two distinct forms, and that S. elongatus McdB undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation.
Platelet Aggregation Dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease

Acute systemic painful vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the predominant clinical event requiring sickle cell disease (SCD) patients to seek emergency medical care. VOC often serves as an antecedent to acute chest syndrome (ACS), which is a type of acute lung injury and the leading cause of mortality in SCD. Current treatments for ACS are primarily supportive, and there is a critical need for rescue strategies to prevent the progression of VOC to ACS. ACS involves thrombosis across pulmonary artery branches, but the pathophysiology of thrombosis in SCD is largely unknown. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) released from lysed erythrocytes can activate platelets by stimulating the purinergic receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12, suggesting that blocking these receptors may prevent VOC. Surprisingly, P2Y12 receptor blockade was unsuccessful in preventing VOC in a recent DOVE trial, justifying the need for better understanding of purinergic signaling in SCD. We used a novel intravital microscopy enabled experimental model of vaso-occlusive pulmonary thrombosis in transgenic SCD mice triggered by an intravenous (IV) administration of ADP. This method allows real time in vivo visualization of platelet aggregation in the lung of live SCD mice using multi-photon-excitation based quantitative fluorescence intravital lung microscopy (qFILM). We discovered that vaso-occlusive thrombosis involves entrapment of large circulating platelet aggregates in the bottle-necks located between the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries. Surprisingly, the dose of ADP that led to the pulmonary vaso-occlusive thrombosis in control mice, failed to induce vaso-occlusive thrombosis in SCD mice. Remarkably, further in vivo and in vitro platelet aggregation studies confirmed that SCD mouse platelets were indeed refractory to ADP but not collagen. Our preliminary findings suggest that therapeutic inhibition of P2Y1 and P2Y12 platelet receptors will not be a successful therapy in SCD. Our findings also warrant the need for further studies to understand the role of purinergic signaling in SCD Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of enhanced muscle mass on body fat deposition and insulin sensitivity

Obesity and insulin resistance cause serious consequences to human health. Increased body mass index plays a significant role in obesity prevalence. To understand the effects of enhanced muscle mas...
Development and comparison of various stand- and tree-level modeling approaches to predict harvest occurrence and intensity across the mixed forests in Maine, northeastern US.

ABSTRACTTo overcome existing knowledge gaps regarding altering harvest activities in the mixed species and heavily forested USA state of Maine, we used continuous forest inventory data to develop s...
Case series: Adolescent victims of the vaping public health crisis with pulmonary complications.

Alongside the epidemic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) across the country, evidence of multiple pulmonary complications has emerged, with the most immediately life-threatening being the new clinical condition of e-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI), with investigation actively underway to further define this entity and determine the cause or causes. We present a series of cases of respiratory illnesses associated with e-cigarette use, many of which meet criteria for suspected or confirmed EVALI, managed at a pediatric tertiary care center, demonstrating notable variation in presenting symptoms and severity. Most cases improved with supportive respiratory care and the administration of corticosteroids and antibiotics, although generally no infection was found. The cases also tend to show improvement with discontinuation of the use of e-cigarettes. We discuss challenges in determining the contribution of e-cigarettes to the case pathology and review possible diagnostic and treatment options. In patients suffering from e-cigarette-related respiratory illness including EVALI, the primary treatment goal should be the cessation of e-cigarette use and avoidance of other possible pulmonary toxins, including conventional cigarettes. Prevention of e-cigarette use is critical in the youth population, as these patients are typically nicotine naive and do not engage in smoking conventional cigarettes before initiation of vaping.
Dermatologic Conditions in Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome is a multisystem disorder with many dermatologic manifestations. As it is not always diagnosed in the neonatal period, it is important that clinicians are aware of the diverse clinical stigmata that may provide clues for diagnosis. The unique dermatologic sequelae of Turner syndrome also provide important clinical implications that must be considered when managing these patients. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the dermatologic issues prevalent in patients with Turner syndrome.
Distinguishing topological and causal explanation

Recent philosophical work has explored the distinction between causal and non-causal forms of explanation. In this literature, topological explanation is viewed as a clear example of the non-causal variety–it is claimed that topology lacks temporal information, which is necessary for causal structure (Pincock in Mathematics and scientic representation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012; Huneman in Synthese 177:213–245, 2010). This paper explores the distinction between topological and causal forms of explanation and argues that this distinction is not as clear cut as the literature suggests. One reason for this is that some explanations involve both topological and causal information. In these “borderline” cases scientists explain some outcome by appealing to the causal topology of the system of interest. These cases help clarify a type of topological explanation that is genuinely causal, but that differs from standard topological and interventionist accounts of explanation (Woodward in Making things happen, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003).
The ubiquitous flavonoid quercetin is an atypical KCNQ potassium channel activator

Many commonly consumed plants are used as folk medicines, often with unclear molecular mechanisms. Recent studies uncovered the ubiquitous and influential KCNQ family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels as a therapeutic target for several medicinal plant compounds. Capers - immature flower buds of Capparis spinosa - have been consumed for food and medicinal purposes for millennia. Here, we show that caper extract hyperpolarizes cells expressing KCNQ1 or KCNQ2/3 Kv channels. Capers are the richest known natural source of quercetin, the most consumed dietary flavonoid. Quercetin potentiated KCNQ1/KCNE1, KCNQ2/3 and KCNQ4 currents but, unusually, not KCNQ5. Strikingly, quercetin augmented both activation and inactivation of KCNQ1, via a unique KCNQ activation mechanism involving sites atop the voltage sensor and in the pore. The findings uncover a novel potential molecular basis for therapeutic effects of quercetin-rich foods and a new chemical space for atypical modes of KCNQ channel modulation.
A Preliminary Study of Emotional Contagion in Live Streaming

Live streaming is an increasingly popular communication medium that allows real-time interaction among a broadcaster and an audience of any size. Using archived YouTube live video transcripts and associated live chat messages, we find evidence for emotional contagion in live streams: sentiment in live video oral transcripts and viewers? text chat is associated with the sentiment in subsequent viewers? comments. This relationship is stronger between viewers? chat messages and the subsequent chat than between the oral messages in the video and the subsequent chat. However, in some types of live streams, negative sentiment in the live video is followed by less negative chat. We conclude with a discussion of future research and potential uses of the dataset.
The Inpatient Unit in a Cancer Center

Despite emergence of effective novel cancer therapies that can be administered outside the hospital setting for various solid tumor and hematologic malignancies, a significant number of patients still require treatment in the inpatient setting, owing to the nature of the treatment, duration, and frequency, or to the level of supportive care required to administer such treatments, among others. Apart from specialized trained physicians and nurses, the number of inpatient team services has expanded significantly to meet the complex needs of patients and their families. We acknowledge that there is no universal model for how an inpatient unit should be built and developed; it depends on financial resources, population density, and societal factors, among others. Here, we describe the main components of an inpatient unit in a cancer center. The ultimate goal must be to provide a safe environment for cancer patients and to facilitate delivery of care in an efficient manner.
Sampling and Time-Frequency Localization of Band-Limited and Multiband Signals

This chapter develops aspects of previous work ([10] and [11]) that pertain distinctly to band-limited functions. In particular, we discuss some representation formulas for band-limited functions in terms of periodic nonuniform samples. In the case of multiband signals, periodic nonuniform sampling is often valid at a lower sampling rate than is uniform sampling, as will be discussed. Finally, we will consider some related questions about optimally time- and multiband-limited signals.
Litigous Paranoids and the Legal System: The Role of the Forensic Psychiatrist

Forensic psychiatrists should be aware of the many ways that paranoid individuals may present within the legal system. Litigious paranoids often utilize the legal system as a vehicle to act out their fantasies and delusional preoccupations. Imaginary grievances, accusations based on delusional ideation, and irrational vindictiveness toward imagined persecutors may find full expression in any number of legal contexts. They can defeat the rational and legitimate objectives of the legal system, enmesh innocent and unsuspecting victims in nightmarish legal entanglements, and subvert the process of justice. The forensic psychiatrist can assist the court by alerting it to the presence of paranoid illness in parties or witnesses and by clarifying what the effects of such psychopathology are and what the most favorable response should be. Three legal contexts wherein paranoid individuals may present within the legal system are discussed: the “hypercompetent” defendant, the paranoid party in a divorce proceeding, and the paranoid complaining witness. Case illustrations are presented for each legal context. Two issues are discussed: the dividing line between paranoid ideation (and its impact on the legal process) and so-called “normal” thinking (and its objective to use the legal process to obtain certain ends); and the degree to which psychiatric opinions in this area should influence the way an individual's case is handled by the legal system. The author concludes that, despite the costs involved, it is preferable that even paranoids have their “day in court.”
Alternative mRNA Processing Occurs in the Variable Region of the Pro-α1(XI) and Pro-α2(XI) Collagen Chains (∗)

Abstract An analysis was performed of differential splicing of primary transcripts in the noncollagenous variable region located in the amino terminus of the pro-α1(XI) and pro-α2(XI) collagen chains. The results for the pro-α2(XI) chain showed that human cartilage or fibroblasts in culture contain transcripts in which a single highly acidic exon encoding for 21 amino acids is present or absent. For the chicken pro-α1(XI) chain a more complex pattern of alternative splicing was detected with six possible variants. Of special interest was the alternative use of two exons (called IIA and IIB) in which IIA encodes for 39 amino acids and is highly acidic (estimated pI = 3.2), whereas IIB encodes for 49 amino acids and is highly basic (estimated pI = 10.6). A similar alternative use of exon IIA or exon IIB was also observed for human chondrocytes. Northern blotting with probes specific for IIA or IIB showed that both exons are present in transcripts from cartilage but exon IIB is preferentially utilized in transcripts from tendon. Present results suggest that both the pro-α1(XI) and pro-α2(XI) chains of type XI collagen undergo limited processing in vivo and that the noncollagenous variable region is initially retained on the surface of the fibrils. Differential splicing in the variable region may potentially influence the interaction of collagen fibrils with other molecules of the extracellular matrix and more specifically with sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains or with hyaluronan. Such interactions may play a key role in establishing both the organization of the collagen fibrils within the extracellular matrix and in limiting the diameter of collagen fibrils.
Renewable fuels and materials

Growing oil, one of the clearest examples of renewable fuel, means just that. Up until now, we have been mining oil, the ancient photosynthetic product of several hundred million years ago. The question now most frequently arising is about new sources of ancient photosynthetically produced materials, and there is no longer a tenable positive answer to this question. Other alternatives must be found.
Incomplete Metamorphic Democracy as a Conceptual Framework in the Analysis of African Politics

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, effectively reduced the East-West conflicts that tended to spill over into the Third World nations and influence the political systems. The "New International World Order," arguably, allows scholars (and politicians) to re-examine the various political systems, and to design modalities that are germane to their polities. This disquisition, among other things, attempts to explore a conceptual framework for analyzing African democratic genre at this juncture of the continent's political evolution.
Evaluation of building-related complaints A toxicologic approach for evaluating cases of sick building syndrome or multiple chemical sensitivity

Abstract The nonspecificity of symptoms and exposures commonly reported as "sick building syndrome" is very similar to that reported for the condition termed "multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)." In many instances health care practitioners are divided on the reality of the latter. As in all scientific cases of possible cause-and-effect relationships, an organized, dispassionate approach should be used to evaluate each claim of MCS. Most obviously, known medical conditions must be ruled out before chemical "sensitivity" is proposed. Also, several questions on the toxicology of the chemical exposure must be addressed. Although temporality may be apparent (toxicity followed exposure), the time frame for the appearance of symptoms must be appropriate to the exposure conditions and chemical(s) involved. The chemical(s) must have known or reasonably inferred properties to cause the claimed effect. The dose(s) received must be adequate to effect a response (dose-response characteristics). Alternate causation must be evaluated thoroughly, that is, are there other more logical explanations for the symptoms? In contrast to single-chemical exposures, exposure to mixtures of chemicals, as commonly found in sick buildings, is very difficult to evaluate. However, a rational, scientific approach to cause-and-effect questions will help avoid erroneous and subjective decision making.
Model reference robust control of weakly non-minimum phase systems

This paper continues to explore applicability of model reference robust control (MRRC) technique. It is shown that MRRC design works for a class of non-minimum phase SISO systems. A system under study contains not only parametric uncertainties, disturbances, uncertain high-order nonlinearities associated with output, but also both additive and multiplicative unmodelled dynamics of input. Although admissible input unmodelled dynamics have to be small and stable, the presence of these unmodelled dynamics may cause the overall system to be non-minimum phase. The system studied here includes those systems existing in literature as special cases. The proposed result relaxes the current restriction imposed on MRRC that the system has to be minimum phase, and therefore makes MRRC more attractive. The feature of MRRC distinct from adaptive control results is that nonlinear uncertainties not satisfying the Lipschitzian condition can be treated. And, because of the combination of nonlinear uncertainties and the non-minimum phase property, the resulting stability is local uniform ultimate bounded. >
Continuous lumbar peridural anesthesia in obstetrics

Abstract Lumbar peridural block has not attained popularity in obstetrical anesthesia although it has significant advantages for baby, parturient mother, and obstetrician. The use of continuous technique for long or short periods provides excellent anesthesia and good relaxation, and it does not affect the unborn child. The need for intrapartum barbiturates and narcotics is minimal or absent. Postlumbar puncture headache does not occur. Lumbar peridural anesthesia is satisfactory for vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Complications are few and the success rate high in trained hands.
How it all starts: initiation of the clotting cascade

The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets, leading to a blood clot. This process is protective, as it prevents excessive blood loss following injury (normal hemostasis). Unfortunately, the blood clotting system can also lead to unwanted blood clots inside blood vessels (pathologic thrombosis), which is a leading cause of disability and death in the developed world. There are two main mechanisms for triggering the blood clotting, termed the tissue factor pathway and the contact pathway. Only one of these pathways (the tissue factor pathway) functions in normal hemostasis. Both pathways, however, are thought to contribute to thrombosis. An emerging concept is that the contact pathway functions in host pathogen defenses. This review focuses on how the initiation phase of the blood clotting cascade is regulated in both pathways, with a discussion of the contributions of these pathways to hemostasis versus thrombosis.
On the solution of elastic-plastic static and dynamic postbuckling collapse of general structure

Many investigations have considered structural collapse from strictly the transient point of view. While such an approach is ideally correct, certain difficulties have to be overcome in its implementation. The present investigation is concerned with the development of self-adaptive algorithms which make it possible to conduct the analysis of both static elastic and elastic-plastic postbuckling, as well as static loading to the onset of buckling followed by subsequent dynamic postbuckling. The approach employed to solve the static portion of loading is to extend the constrained Incremental Newton-Raphson (INR) algorithm by incorporating elastic-plastic constitutive characterizations. Large deformation moderate strain theory is adopted to establish the overall strategy. Attention is given to governing field equations, aspects of algorithmic development, and numerical experiments conducted to illustrate the efficiency and stability of the developed schemes.
Micromechanical Modeling of Fiber Composites Under Off-Axis Loading:

The nonlinear behavior of AS4/PEEK composite under off-axis loading was investigated using a finite element-based micromechanical approach with three different unit cells. Proper boundary conditions for uniaxial off-axis loading for the unit cell were established. The elastic moduli of the fiber and the nonlinear stress-strain curve of the matrix were used in the micromechanical analysis. By comparing the predicted off-axis stress-strain curves with experimental data, it was found that the nonlinear behavior of the composite is highly dependent on the fiber packing arrangement of the unit cell model.
Misclassification by Whom? A Comment on Campbell and Troyer (2007)

racial identity and perceptions by others. Using a creative research design that relies primarily on the third wave in-home inter views of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), CT indeed, the pattern is nonsignificant or only marginally significant among self-reported American Indians who are classified as White. This is a very important article. Its theoretical arguments are highly persuasive, and its empirical evidence, if corroborated under closer scrutiny, identifies a critical mechanism by which racial categorization shapes individuals' experiences. It also cau tions us from automatically assuming that racial self-identifications accurately reflect others' perceptions of individuals and from considering others' reports of race as fully objective indicators. Although C&T offer a convincing theoret ical rationale to believe that misclassification
Household Capital Labor Ratios in Poor Farm Families

The major insights provided by the so-called "new home economics" are that household activities are productive in nature and that they involve the use of the traditional factors of production. The implications are far-ranging and continue to be unpacked 10 years after the formal treatments by Becker, Lancaster and Muth [1, 6, 10]. The particular implications pursued in this paper have to do with the behavior of capital/labor ratios within the households, not the farms, of farm families. In particular, how do household capital/labor ratios of farm families respond to changes: in the prices of family members' time, in family income, in family size, and in certain characteristics of the farm enterprise?
Arterial resection at the time of pancreatectomy for cancer.

Background Tumor-induced arterial abutment/encasement has been traditionally a contraindication to surgery in patients with localized pancreatic cancer (PC). One recent meta-analysis reported greater mortality rates in this setting. We report herein a series of planned arterial resections in carefully selected patients who responded favorably to combined modality therapy for localized PC. Methods We reviewed all patients with PC and arterial encasement treated between May 2011 and September 2013; all patients received an extensive course of neoadjuvant therapy before surgery. Results Of 15 patients taken to surgery, 2 had peritoneal disease at laparoscopy, and therefore, laparotomy was not performed. Pancreatectomy (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 3; distal, 8; central pancreatectomy, 1; total, 1) was performed in the remaining 13, 10 of whom required arterial resection. The most common operation was an Appleby procedure. Of 10 patients who underwent combined pancreatectomy and arterial resection, their median age was 62 years (range, 33–75), median operative time was 7.5 hours, and median blood loss was 725 mL. Complications occurred in 3 of 15 patients with no perioperative mortality. Median duration of hospital stay was 9 days (range, 5–19). An R0 resection was achieved in 11 (85%) of 13 patients. At a median follow-up of 21 months, 8 of these 13 resected patients (62%) are alive without disease. Conclusion Planned arterial resection at the time of pancreatectomy can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality; patient selection and induction therapy are likely critically important variables that seem to impact patient outcome. Those patients with stable or responding disease after induction therapy represent the subset of patients with potentially favorable tumor biology in whom extended resections may enhance survival duration.
Conversion of methanol to olefins over cobalt-, manganese- and nickel-incorporated SAPO-34 molecular sieves

Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-34 molecular sieves modified with transition metals Co, Mn, and Ni were investigated for their activity, selectivity, and lifetime in the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction and compared with that of unmodified SAPO-34. The electronic state and location of the metal ions in these materials were determined by magnetic measurements (temperature and magnetic field variations of magnetization). These magnetic studies show that for MnSAPO-34 and CoSAPO-34 metal ions are incorporated into the SAPO framework with concentrations ≃0.12 and 0.17 wt.%, respectively. Nickel modified SAPO-34 samples were prepared by two different procedures. For Ni-SAPO-34 prepared by one procedure (Method I), the magnetic studies show the presence of nanoparticles (Ni or NiO) outside the SAPO framework. For NiSAPO-34 prepared by a second procedure (Method II), these studies show that the nickel ions are incorporated into the SAPO framework. Although the total C2–C4 olefins activity on these materials was comparable to that of unmodified SAPO-34, significant variations in the deactivation behavior were observed among various metal-modified catalysts. MnSAPO-34 was found to be the best catalyst based on catalyst lifetime. In the case of Ni-SAPO-34 (Method I), unusually high amounts of methane were observed in the products due to the presence of nanoparticles outside the SAPO framework.
Gevrey solutions for equations of Euler-Bernoulli type

Abstract We consider solutions of an initial value problem involving the equation ∂ 2 ∂t 2 (x,t)+ ∑ i=0 4 a i (x) ∂ i w ∂x i (x,t) ∑ i=0 2 b i (x) ∂ i+1 w ∂x i ∂t (x,t)=0 for x, t > 0. Here, a4(x) > 0 and is constant outside a compact set, b2(x) ⩽ 0, and the coefficients ai(x) for i ⩽ 3 and bi(x) for i ⩽ 2 vanish outside a compact set. We show that the solutions are given by an integral operator, the kernel of which is an infinitely differentiable function of t for t > 0. In fact, its derivatives satisfy Gevrey-2 bounds.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration survey of methyl mercury in canned tuna.

Methyl mercury was determined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 220 samples of canned tuna collected in 1991. Samples were chosen to represent different styles, colors, and packs as available. Emphasis was placed on water-packed tuna, small can size, and the highest-volume brand names. The average methyl mercury (expressed as Hg) found for the 220 samples was 0.17 ppm; the range was <0.10-0.75 ppm. Statistically, a significantly higher level of methyl mercury was found in solid white and chunk tuna. Methyl mercury level was not related to can size. None of the 220 samples had methyl mercury levels that exceeded the 1 ppm FDA action level. 11 refs., 1 tab.
CELLULAR PHONES AND FATAL TRAFFIC COLLISIONS

A case-control study was conducted to determine statistical associations between traffic fatalities and the use or presence of a cellular phone, given involvement in a collision. The hypothesis of this study does not imply that cellular phones directly affect fatalities, but that phones increase the risk of certain accident characteristics in fatal collisions more than those same characteristics in non-fatal collisions. Analysis employed data from 223,137 traffic accidents occurring between 1992 and 1995. Information on collision characteristics and cellular phone involvement for each fatality was compared with the same information for each non-fatality (controls). Statistically adjusting for other collision variables (age, gender, alcohol use, speed, inattention and driving left of center), an approximate nine-fold increased risk was found for a fatality given the use of a cellular phone. An approximate two-fold increased risk for a fatality was found given the presence of a cellular phone in the vehicle. Combined effects of reported phone use, driving to the left of center and inattention increased the risk of a fatal collision more than phone use did by itself. This analysis implies a statistical, but not necessarily a causal, relationship. A multitude of factors are involved in any traffic collision, and the exact cause of an accident and its severity level is difficult to disentangle.
Measurements of Near-Surface Wind Stress Over an Upwelling Region Near the Oregon Coast

Abstract This paper describes the temporal and spatial variations of the wind stress (computed from the square of the wind velocity vector) and wind-stress curl recorded during July and August 1973 at two moored buoy stations, one 13 km and the other 120 km from the Oregon coast, along 45°15′N. Some facets of the relationship between wind stress and the physical oceanography over the continental shelf off 0regon are discussed.
Toughened ceramics in the system Al2O3:Cr2O3/ZrO2:HfO2

Abstract Composites of Al2O3:Cr2O3 solid solution matrix with ZrO2:HfO2 solid solution dispersed particles were prepared and their properties studied. Thermal conductivity of compositions containing 20 mol% or more of chromia was found to be lower than that of partially stabilized zirconia at temperatures above 700°C. Specimens in this system were annealed at 1000°C for longer than 500 h and no mechanical property degradation was observed. Modulus of elasticity, bend strength and fracture toughness of these composites depend strongly on composition, volume fraction, size and the crystallographic modification of the dispersed particles. Best average bend strength of the composites is 490 MPa and the best average fracture toughness observed for these composites was 7·4 MPa m 1 2 . It was found that the fracture toughness of some of the compositions increased with increasing temperature reaching a maximum of 300–500°C, and returned to the room temperature value at 1000°C. From the results obtained these composites can be considered as a potential candidate for advanced heat engine applications.
Application of Invariant Variational Principles to the Optimal Design of a Column

Using Noether's technique we derive some invariants associated with the problems of optimization of design. While specifically a beam design problem is discussed here, the technique can be generalized in an obvious manner to thin plate, or shell problems. The specific problem discussed in this paper concerns the optimization of a column. Some invariants derived here as examples of the technique can be used to point out the basic difficulties discovered by much harder arguments in many recent papers. In particular, our method points out the existence of singularities which are associated with an optimal column design even in the absence of multiple eigenvalues in the Euler's eigenvalue problem, which corresponds to the buckling phenomenon. Unter Verwendung des Verfahrens von Noether werden einige Invarianten hergeleitet, die bei der Optimierung von Strukturen auftreten. Obwohl speziell ein Balkenoptimierungsproblem diskutiert wird, kann das Verfahren auf dunne Platten oder Schalen verallgemeinert werden. Das speziell in dieser Arbeit behandelte Problem bezieht sich auf die Optimierung eines Stabes. Einige hier als Beispiele des Verfahrens hergeleitete Invarianten konnen dazu benutzt werden, die prinzipiellen Schwierigkeiten aufzuzeigen, die in vielen neuen Arbeiten erst durch viel schwerfalligere Argumente sichtbar werden. Insbesondere zeigt unsere Methode die Existenz von Singularitaten auf, welche mit dem optimalen Entwurf eines Stabes auch beim Fehlen von mehrfachen Eigenwerten beim Eulerschen Eigenwertproblem entsprechend der Stabknickung verbunden sind.
A review of neutron radiation damage on corundum crystals

Abstract The first neutron radiation damage studies were carried out on corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) crystals nearly thirty years ago by Levy and Dienes and nearly twenty years ago Compton and Arnold measured the threshold energy for atomic displacement using energetic electrons. However, it was not until about five years ago that a series of optical studies of crystals bombarded with neutrons and with energetic ions laid the basis for identifying radiation-induced lattice defects. Since that time a variety of lattice defects have been identified through their optical absorption and emission characteristics. Some information on the spatial distribution of neutron damage has been obtained through a study of the effect of annealing on the luminescent efficiency which increases as the high local damage concentration in the displacement spike is annealed, thus decreasing concentration quenching of F centre luminescence. In this paper all of the recent developments related to the identification of lattice defects created by fast-neutron irradiation and the annealing of damage will be reviewed with particular attention to outstanding problems and areas needing addition work.
Dispersive effects in D 0 -D ¯ 0 mixing

We estimate the size of dispersive effects in C = 2 interactions and find that they represent in fact the dominant components of D-D-bar mixing. The box diagram is suppressed by several orders of magnitude due to the small values of light-quark masses. Crucial to this argument is a discussion of how the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism works in the dispersive sector.
Analysis of Integration in Nursing Science and Practice

Purpose:To clarify the definition of integration and to identify universal aspects of the experience of integration related to healing, health, and nursing care. Design:An integrative review concept analysis method was used. Relevant reports were identified by a computer-assisted search using the keyword integration in CINAHL from 1966 to 2004 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved reports. The final sample included 56 reports; 36 were empirical and 20 were theoretical. Methods:Data were extracted from primary sources on the definition of integration, aspects of the process, antecedents, consequences, and facilitators. Data display matrices were used and were iteratively compared to derive a process model of integration related to health. Findings:A wide range of primary sources indicated that integration is an important aspect of healing or recovery from illness. Integration is defined as a complex person-environment interaction whereby new life experiences (i.e., illness) are assimilated into the self and activities of daily living, thereby contributing to overall life balance. Conclusions:Results of this analysis indicate the importance of the concept of integration to the science and practice of nursing. The process of integration appears to be a significant phase that occurs between a diagnosis of illness and subsequent physical and emotional healing.
Resting frontal electroencephalographic asymmetry in depression: Inconsistencies suggest the need to identify mediating factors

Two studies of the relationship between depression and resting frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity are reported. Although considerable research supports the theory of left and right hemispheric specialization for approach and withdrawal behaviors, only four studies involving clinically depressed individuals have been published to date. Despite methodological similarities with published research, no significant differences in frontal activation emerged between depressed and nondepressed participants with either college students having high Beck Depression Inventory scores (Study 1) or with individuals diagnosed with DSM-III-R depression (Study 2). Post hoc analyses in Study 2 revealed one effect confined to lateral frontal leads during the first 2 min of EEG data; this finding was significant in only one of three reference montages. Results are discussed in light of methodological considerations and mediating variables such as temperament and coping styles.
Protein S-thiolation in hepatocytes stimulated by t-butyl hydroperoxide, menadione, and neutrophils.

Abstract In order to examine potentially important S-thiolated proteins, 35 S-labeled hepatocytes were exposed to oxidative stress. A similar group of S-thiolated proteins including carbonic anhydrase III was observed in cells treated with t -butyl hydroperoxide, menadione, or stimulated neutrophils. The radioactive thiols bound to hepatocyte proteins were identified by HPLC and more than 85% was glutathione. In menadione-treated hepatocytes, proteins were gradually S-thiolated over 30 min and 25% of the cellular glutathione pool became protein-bound. In t -butyl hydroperoxide-treated cells, S-thiolation was more transient and 11% of the glutathione was protein-bound. Neutrophil-treated hepatocytes had nearly the same amount of protein S-thiolation (8% after 25 min). Two major proteins that were S-thiolated in untreated hepatocytes did not increase during any form of oxidative stress. In neutrophil-treated hepatocytes protein S-thiolation was not accompanied by either formation of glutathione disulfide or a measureable change in the total amount of glutathione. In both t -butyl hydroperoxide- and menadione-treated cells there was extensive formation of glutathione disulfide and in menadione-treated cells a significant increase in the total hepatocyte glutathione pool was observed. This result suggests that protein S-thiolation may occur by mechanisms that do not result from thiol/disulfide exchange between glutathione disulfide and protein sulfhydryls. It is suggested that a thiyl radical intermediate is important in neutrophil-mediated protein S-thiolation.
Gene expression profiling of a clonal isolate of oxaliplatin resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/C10

The efficacy of platinum drugs in the treatment of cancer is often restricted by the acquisition of tumor cell resistance subsequent to treatment. To better understand mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, a clonal subline (A2780/C10B) isolated from an oxaliplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780/C10) was developed, as reported previously. This cell line is 18-fold resistant to oxaliplatin and shows a 3-fold cross resistance to cisplatin. Here, we report on the gene expression analysis using Affymetrix HG-U95Av2 oligonucleotide arrays of cells in log phase growth from both the parental cell line and drug-resistant variant. Probe level analysis was perfomed using the model based expression index (dChip) and robust multichip average (RMA) methods. Genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups were identified using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method with a minimum false discovery rate <1%. We identified 43 genes that were overexpressed, and 39 underexpressed in the drug-resistant cell line. Collagen VI (COL6A3) was overexpressed 62-fold and the most highly up-regulated gene. This finding is consistent with other published data based on serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) profiling of cisplatin-resistant and sensitive ovarian carcinoma cells. Among the significant functional groups of overexpressed genes in our study were extracellular matrix genes (9 of 43) and those involved in signal transduction (7 of 43). Extracellular matrix genes included two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3 and MMP12). Integrin alpha 1 (ITGA1) and WNT5A were also overexpressed. Genes that encode for extracellular matrix proteins were also among those found down-regulated in the resistant cell line. Several genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle and growth were found to be underexpressed, including the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), necdin (NDN), and glypicans (GPC3 and GPC4). The mRNA levels of six differentially expressed genes (COL6A3, MMP12, MMP3, WNT5A, NID, and HMGB2) were validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The identification of these genes should aid in a better understanding of the pathways resulting in platinum drug resistance.
Double-disc electrophoresis of proteins.

GEL electrophoresis in discontinuous buffer systems1 is a valuable method of examining dilute protein solutions. By selecting pH conditions it is possible to concentrate and then separate either cationic or anionic proteins, but only in separate analyses. Thus, the tris-glycine system can be used, in which the running pH is 9.5 and most proteins migrate as anions1. The usual cationic proteins will either not migrate or will move backwards as a large zone equal in size to the origin. Conversely, an acidic system, such as β-alanine-acetate, may be chosen in which cationic proteins migrate at pH 4.0 (ref. 2), but in, this case the anionic proteins are lost to further analysis. Apart from the loss of time and research material necessitated by separate analyses, there is an unavoidable ambiguity about the direction of migration of a particular protein, because it is quite possible for the same protein to migrate as an anion at pH. 9.5 and as a cation at pH. 4.0. Clearly, a single system allowing the simultaneous separation of oppositely charged proteins would be desirable. To this end the method described couples two discontinuous buffer systems which provide concentrating and running conditions for both cationic and anionic proteins in the same sample.
Magnetoplasma surface waves on the lateral surface of a semiconductor superlattice

Abstract The integral equation describing charge density fluctuations on the lateral surface of a semiconductor superlattice is transformed to a matrix equation by expanding the scalar potential in a complete orthonormal set of functions. Numerical results, obtained by keeping only a finite number of terms in the expansion, converge rapidly and display significant differences from the approximate analytic solution obtained earlier.
P04-24. Frequencies of HIV Env-specific B cells and neutralizing antibodies during DNA-prime/protein-boost immunization with three different Env immunogens*

gp140, 0.44% (0.35–0.52%) for the gp120, and 0.35% (0.13–0.56%) for the D368R gp140 immunized animals. However, no significant correlations can be drawn between the titer of Env specific antibodies and frequency of Env specific B cells in any group. The wt-gp140 was a more effective immunogen than m-gp120 in eliciting weak cross-NAbs. Interestingly, the wt-gp140 was also more effective in eliciting cross-NAbs than the D368Rgp140; potentially suggesting that the development of cross-NAbs by wt-gp140 depends on the structural integrity of the CD4-binding site. Conclusion Protein boosting is required for the development of high frequencies of anti-HIV Env antibodies, and ability of trimeric gp140 to elicit cross-NAbs will depend on the structural integrity of the CD4-binding site.
Race and Sex Differences and Fear of Dying: A Test of Two Hypotheses — High Risk or Social Loss?

A national sample of noninstitutionalized adult Americans is used to test two hypotheses and their relation to fear of death, The first hypothesis, referred to as the high risk hypothesis (i.e., groups with higher mortality rates will express more fear of death than groups with lower rates of mortality), is rejected. The second hypothesis, referred to as the social loss hypothesis, is developed and tested across six status categories—race, sex, age, religion, level of education, and health status. Zero order differences did appear for sex and race, however, these differences were eliminated with the introduction of controls. Both hypotheses are rejected.