cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Saddle Pulmonary Embolism in Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PNSH) is characterized by a typical pattern of localized pretruncal hemorrhage on head computed tomography. PNSH is usually associated with a benign clinical course and a lower incidence of complications. The etiology is unknown, but many explanations have been proposed, including venous injury or rupture followed by thrombosis of a ruptured microaneurysm. Case Description A 48-year-old man on apixaban for multiple venous thromboembolisms presented with the worst headache of his life associated with blurry vision, nausea, and neck stiffness. Computed tomography demonstrated a perimesencephalic pattern of blood (Hunt and Hess grade 2, Fisher grade 3). Computed tomography angiography and 6-vessel digital subtraction angiography demonstrated no precipitating cause. Systemic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered on postbleed day 8 owing to obstructive shock from saddle pulmonary embolism and pulseless electrical activity. He was safely discharged to rehabilitation with moderate neurological deficits attributed to ischemic effects of his cardiac arrest. Conclusions Symptomatic saddle pulmonary embolism in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage creates conflicting risks of medical intervention. There are no case reports or evidence of the use of systemic thrombolysis in the setting of SAH. Owing to the benign natural history of PNSH, tPA may be a safe intervention. Neurointensivists and neurosurgeons should be aware that intravenous tPA was used safely for life-threatening pulmonary embolism in the setting of PNSH. Additionally, the use of tPA without resultant rebleeding in this case opposes the theory of the presence of a thrombosed ruptured microaneurysm.
Transient magnetic field diffusion considerations relevant to magnetically assisted indirect drive inertial confinement fusion

Application of a magnetic field to an indirect drive inertial confinement fusion target requires diffusion of the field through the high-Z and electrically conducting Hohlraum. The onset of the external field generates eddy currents in the Hohlraum wall that result in (1) a reduction of the peak field at the capsule, (2) heating of the Hohlraum wall through Ohmic dissipation, and (3) wall movement due to the inward force from the eddy current interacting with the field. Heating of the wall causes an increase in blackbody radiation which can preheat the capsule and frozen deuterium–tritium fuel, while wall motion leads to potential misalignment of the lasers at the Hohlraum wall. Limiting these detrimental effects sets requirements on the tolerable magnitude of each effect. We present a nonlinear model for B-field diffusion through an infinitely long thin-walled cylinder with a temperature dependent resistivity, to show that a 15 μm thick wall of pure gold fails to meet these requirements. A new Hohlraum material made from an alloy of Au and Ta has a measured resistivity of ≥ 60 times that of Au and is shown with the nonlinear model to meet the requirements for magnetization. We compare the nonlinear model to simulations of the actual Hohlraum target using a finite element code which includes temperature-dependent Hohlraum resistivity.
A Review of: “Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: Considerations for Advanced Practice, edited by Marian Kavanaugh Scheinholtz”: 2010, Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association Press, 360 pp, Softcover, AOTA members $70.00, non-members $99.00, ISBN-10: 1-56900-274-2, ISBN-13: 978-1-56900-274-2.

Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: Considerations for Advanced Practice was developed to encourage and challenge occupational therapy mental health practitioners to encompass the vision of the ...
Somato-Autonomic Reflexes of Acupuncture.

Objective: Acupuncture, as an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been practiced for thousands of years in China and now all over the world, but the underlying neuroanatomical basis...
Hidden Hemibonding in the Aqueous Hydroxl Radical

The existence of a two-center, three-electron hemibond in the first solvation shell of OH(aq) has long been a matter of debate. The hemibond manifests in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations as a small-r feature in the oxygen radial distribution function (RDF) for H2O...OH, but that feature disappears when semilocal density functionals are replaced with hybrids, suggesting a self-interaction artifact. Using periodic simulations at the PBE0+D3 level, we demonstrate that the hemibond is actually still present (as evidenced by delocalization of the spin density onto nearby water molecules) but is obscured by the hydrogen-bonded feature in the RDF, due to a slight elongation of the hemibond. Computed electronic spectra for OH(aq) are in excellent agreement with experiment and confirm that hemibond-like configurations play an outsized role in the spectroscopy due to an intense charge-transfer transition that is strongly attenuated in hydrogen-bonded configurations. Apparently, 25% exact exchange does not eliminate delocalization of unpaired spins.
Lawyers Making Meaning: The Semiotics of Law in Legal Education II

Contents.- Preface.- Part I Face-To-Face With Legal Semiotics.- 1.Semiotics: A Fresh Start For Law.- 2.Signs, and Signs in Law.- Part II Godfathers of Semiotics.- 3. Peirce and Legal Semiotics.- 4. Greimas, Law, Discourse and Interpretative Squares.- 5.Lacan: The Semiotics of Law's Voices. - 6.Those Three Godfathers, After All.- Part III Jurisprudence and Legal Semiotics.- 7. Legal Theory And Semiotics.- 8. Politics, Semiotics and Law.- 9. Structuralism and Legal Semiotics.- Part IV Doing and Saying Legal Semiotics.- 10. The Legal Semiotic Modus Operandi.- 11. Artificiality and Naturalness: The Tyche Deity.- 12. A Vocabulary.- 13. A Bibliography.- 14. Name Index.- 15. Subject Index.
Pelvic Pain After Cesarean Section

Cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Pelvic girdle pain is known to be common during pregnancy and has been shown to persist in a significant minority of patients postpartum. Recent evidence implicates cesarean delivery as a risk factor for persistent pelvic pain after pregnancy. There appear to be gynecological, musculoskeletal, and neurological contributing factors. This chapter explores these multifactorial risk factors and potential treatments in each case. The author concludes that further research is necessary in order to clarify the association between chronic pelvic pain and cesarean delivery, as well as treatments for this condition.
NASA Contracting and Autonomy

The images of Shuttle launches and earthrise over the rim of the moon are iconic representations of American strength, technical capacity, and the future of humankind. Yet NASA itself, the agency responsible for these images, is chronically underfunded, hounded by low-tech glitches, buffeted by changes in administrative direction, and currently without a clear next mission. I examine the agency’s heavy reliance on contracting as a possible explanation for the uncertain direction and changes in course that characterize its recent history. Over time the agency has turned over greater responsibilities for project design and program management and even program definition to contractors until it was said, “People used to come to NASA for information, now they come for a contract" (NASA 1995, 10). What can we learn about the evolution of contracting as an “appropriate” institutional form from NASA’s experiences?
MODELING A V-TROUGH COLLECTOR IN TERMS OF ZERO, SINGLE OR MULTIPLE THERMAL CAPACITANCE NODES

Previously a mathematical model for the thermal performance was developed for a V-trough collector. Essentially, it was an application to this configuration of an H-B-W zero capacitance node model. In this present paper this analysis is extended to take into account the effects of thermal capacitance. The collector involved is formed of a linear array of V-troughs, is non-concentrating in nature and it heats a stream of air going through the channels above the blackened heat-absorbing plate and below a transparent cover. Direct comparisonsis made of the results of calculations between the zero capacitance node model and the present version which includes the capacitance effects. In each case identical sets of time-changing inputs are used. The method of study is by the digital simulation of the collector's overall performance.
The changing geography of global trade in electronic discards: time to rethink the e-waste problem

This paper provides a synopsis of the changing geography of global trade in electronic waste over time using data available from the United Nations COMTRADE database. It quantifies the magnitude and direction of this trade between 206 territories in over 9400 reported trade transactions between 1996 and 2012. The results demonstrate two key findings. First, at its peak in 1996, trade from territories designated as Annex VII under the Basel Convention (‘developed’ countries) to non-Annex VII territories (‘developing’ countries) accounted for just over 35% of total trade. By 2012 trade from Annex VII to non-Annex VII territories accounted for less than 1% of total trade. Second, between 1996 and 2012 the two groups of territories evolved different regional trade orientations: Annex VII territories are predominantly trading intra-regionally, with 73–82% of total trade moving between Annex VII territories. In contrast, non-Annex VII territories are mostly trading inter-regionally: by 2012 less than one-quarter of non-Annex VII trade moved to other non-Annex VII territories with the rest moving to Annex VII territories. The results are congruent with an emerging body of research that profoundly troubles the dominant conceptual and policy framings of the global e-waste problem. Solving that problem will not happen if it is imagined as one predominantly characterised by dumping of e-waste from rich, ‘developed’ countries of the ‘global North’ in poor, ‘developing’ countries of the ‘global South’. A reframing of the issue of e-waste is necessary to productively enrich the conceptualisation and policy discussion of e-waste as an issue of environmental and economic politics and justice.
One Hundred and Fifty Years of “The Chinese Question”: An Intergroup Relations Perspective on Immigration and Globalization

Increased migration is, in many ways, the sine qua non of globalization. In this manuscript, we examine the single case of Chinese American immigration in the United States over a 150-year period to explore how race and interracial attitudes shape immigrant–host relations in very deep ways. We find remarkably little change in the valence of these conversations or even in the precise content of the depictions of Chinese Americans over time. A detailed analysis of depictions and conversations about Chinese Americans in a variety of contexts finds that European Americans in the United States often describe them as: (1) self-segregating, (2) lacking loyalty to the United States, and (3) hardworking and successful, but simultaneously lacking in “humanity.” We highlight the way such depictions ignore any attention to basic facts; we use these data to discuss the ways that race and interracial interaction form the core of immigrant–host relations; and we use this case study to highlight how race shapes immigrant–host relations around the globe. A central aspect of globalization is increased movement and contact between people. Cheaper transportation, extreme economic disparities, and greater global consciousnesshaveallcontributedtoskyrocketinglevelsofmigration.Worldwide, the number of people living outside of their birth country has grown exponentially in the last several decades. The rate of growth of international migration is now 50% higher than it was in the early 1990s, and shows every sign of continuous increase (United Nations, 2009). A signature feature of globalization is a greater awareness of and contact between different peoples in the world—and increased levels of immigration are a core aspect of these processes. These increased levels
GHG Mitigation Potential of Different Grazing Strategies in the United States Southern Great Plains

The possibility of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by ruminants using improved grazing is investigated by estimating GHG emissions for cow-calf farms under light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC) and rotational grazing, also known as multi-paddock (MP), management strategies in Southern Great Plain (SGP) using life cycle assessment (LCA). Our results indicated a GHG emission with these grazing treatments of 8034.90 kg·CO2e·calf−1·year−1 for cow-calf farms in SGP region, which is high, compared to that for other regions, due to the high percentage (79.6%) of enteric CH4 emissions caused by relatively lower feed quality on the unfertilized rangeland. Sensitivity analyses on MP grazing strategy showed that an increase in grass quality and digestibility could potentially reduce GHG emission by 30%. Despite higher GHG emissions on a per calf basis, net GHG emissions in SGP region are potentially negative when carbon (C) sequestration is taken into account. With net C emission rates of −2002.8, −1731.6 and −89.5 kg C ha−1·year−1 after converting from HC to MP, HC to LC and from LC to MP, our analysis indicated cow-calf farms converting from continuous to MP grazing in SGP region are likely net carbon sinks for decades.
Cerebellar premotor output neurons collateralize to innervate the cerebellar cortex

Motor commands computed by the cerebellum are hypothesized to use corollary discharge, or copies of outgoing commands, to accelerate motor corrections. Identifying sources of corollary discharge, therefore, is critical for testing this hypothesis. Here we verified that the pathway from the cerebellar nuclei to the cerebellar cortex in mice includes collaterals of cerebellar premotor output neurons, mapped this collateral pathway, and identified its postsynaptic targets. Following bidirectional tracer injections into a distal target of the cerebellar nuclei, the ventrolateral thalamus, we observed retrogradely labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and mossy fiber terminals in the cerebellar granule layer, consistent with collateral branching. Corroborating these observations, bidirectional tracer injections into the cerebellar cortex retrogradely labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and boutons in the ventrolateral thalamus. To test whether nuclear output neurons projecting to the red nucleus also collateralize to the cerebellar cortex, we used a Cre-dependent viral approach, avoiding potential confounds of direct red nucleus-to-cerebellum projections. Injections of a Cre-dependent GFP-expressing virus into Ntsr1-Cre mice, which express Cre selectively in the cerebellar nuclei, retrogradely labeled somata in the interposed nucleus, and putative collateral branches terminating as mossy fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Postsynaptic targets of all labeled mossy fiber terminals were identified using immunohistochemical Golgi cell markers and electron microscopic profiles of granule cells, indicating that the collaterals of nuclear output neurons contact both Golgi and granule cells. These results clarify the organization of a subset of nucleocortical projections that constitute an experimentally accessible corollary discharge pathway within the cerebellum.
Further Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index: Specificity and Associations With Clinical Interview Data

Female sexual function is a multi-faceted psychophysiological construct. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is considered a "gold standard" self-report instrument that assesses the various aspects of sexual function. However, researchers have recently proposed potential limitations of the FSFI, highlighting the need for continued validation research. The aims of the current analyses were (a) to assess the correlations between FSFI scores and information regarding specific rates of functional impairment gained via clinical interview; and (b) to assess the specificity of FSFI subscale scores in reflecting corresponding aspects of sexual function (e.g., whether the Sexual Desire subscale reflects sexual desire specifically rather than sexual arousal, orgasm, etc.). The participants were 97 sexually active women who reported impairments in sexual function. Clinical interview data exhibited moderate-to-strong correlations with FSFI scores. Additionally, FSFI subscales generally exhibited adequate specificity in terms of reflecting their corresponding aspects of sexual function more strongly than other aspects. The results generally supported the validity of the FSFI. Implications for the measurement and conceptualization of female sexual function are discussed.
Allyl Phenyl Selenide

[14370-82-2] C9H10Se (MW 197.14) InChI = 1S/C9H10Se/c1-2-8-10-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h2-7H,1,8H2 InChIKey = HGVAUOKQFBXKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (metalated derivatives are ambident nucleophiles;2,4,6-9,11,15 sigmatropic rearrangements produce allyl alcohols and amines;9-12 cleavage of SeC bond provides a source of allyl anions,13 cations,6,14,15 and radicals16,17) Alternate Name: (2-propenylseleno)benzene. Physical Data: bp 65–68 °C/1 mmHg;2 82–83 °C/3 mmHg.3 Solubility: insol water; sol most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: from Allyl Bromide,2, 4 chloride, or mesylate4 and sodium benzeneselenolate (prepared by reduction of Diphenyl Diselenide,2, 4 or deprotonation of Benzeneselenol).3 Numerous other procedures have been used, including the reaction of allylsilanes with Benzeneselenenyl Chloride,5 allyl acetates with Phenyl Trimethylsilyl Selenide,5 allyl halides with PhSeTl,5 and allylamines with PhSeLi (Ru catalyzed).5 Purification: distillation in vacuo2, 3 or chromatography on silica gel4 before use. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the compound is stable indefinitely in the freezer, but will slowly turn yellow at room temperature and in ambient light due to the formation of diphenyl diselenide. The compound is not excessively malodorous when pure, but should be prepared and handled in a fume hood due to the toxic nature of many organoselenium compounds.
Immune regulation and control of regulatory T cells by OX40 and 4-1BB

The TNFR family members OX40 (CD134) and 4-1BB (CD137) have been found to play major roles as costimulatory receptors for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. In particular, in many situations, they can control proliferation, survival, and cytokine production, and hence are thought to dictate accumulation of protective T cells during anti-viral and anti-tumor responses and pathogenic T cells during autoimmune reactions. As opposed to simply controlling the activity of naive, effector, and memory T cells, recent data have suggested that both molecules are also instrumental in controlling the generation and activity of so-called regulatory or suppressor T cells (Treg), perhaps in both positive and negative manners. Part of the action on Treg might function to further promote protective or pathogenic T cells, but alternate activities of OX40 and 4-1BB on Treg are also being described that suggest that there might be control by these molecules at multiple levels that will alter the biological outcome when these receptors are ligated. This review specifically focuses on recent studies of regulatory T cells, and regulatory or suppressive activity, that are modulated by OX40 or 4-1BB.
CONSTRICTION IN THE VARIETY OF URBAN FOOD PANTRY DONATIONS BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS

ABSTRACT:The urban poor face a number of health challenges, many linked to lack of sufficient and consistent access to nutritious foods. Social ecology models demonstrate the negative impacts of high food cost and limited availability in urban areas. These studies note that “food deserts” have a profound impact on physiological pathologies of urban poor populations. Food pantries are an understudied feature of these urban landscapes. To address this gap, this study surveys the contents of food pantry donations during the month of September 2008. Data demonstrate the socioeconomic impact of reductions of charitable food donations on the diets of the urban poor.
Distribution of Strontium in the Bovine Skeleton

Five Hereford cattle, that had spent their entire lives in northeast Nevada under range pasture conditions, were slaughtered in May 1960. Seven bones were removed from each animal, ashed, Ca and Sr were separated, and the amounts of Ca, Sr, and Sr/sup 90/ were determined for each bone. Data are tabulated for each bone and for different ages. The incisors contained more Ca and less Sr/sup 90/ and the frontal bone was higher in both total Sr and Sr/sup 90/ than the other bones. A calf had less Ca and Sr in its skeleton than older animals. The concentration of Ca apparently reached equilibrium in the skeleton at 1 year, while total Sr exhibited a progressive increase. The concentration of Sr/sup 90/ apparently reached a maximum in the 2-year-old animal and remained about the same thereafter, although it was somewhat lower in older animals. (C.H.)
Childhood-onset schizophrenia: premorbid and prodromal diagnostic and treatment histories.

ABSTRACT Objective There is increasing interest in the possible relationship between the early diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia during adolescence and improved long-term outcome. This study reviews the premorbid and prodromal diagnostic and treatment histories for childhood-onset schizophrenia, to assess whether early identification and treatment is possible in this school-age group. Method Parents of 17 children with childhood-onset schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were questioned retrospectively regarding symptoms, exposure to mental health professionals, diagnoses, and treatments. Results Initial presenting symptoms clustered around violent aggression and school problems. Age of first recognized psychotic symptoms ranged from 2 to 11 years, followed 2.0 ± 2.0 years later by a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Prior to a schizophrenia diagnosis, these children were exposed to stimulants, antidepressants, lower-dose typical neuroleptics, mood stabilizers, alternative treatments, and individual and family therapy. Conclusion Early diagnosis of childhood-onset schizophrenia is met with caution in the psychological and medical community. These children received many diagnoses before schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was diagnosed. A diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and utilization of effective atypical neuroleptic treatment was delayed until evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Obstacles to early identification and treatment are discussed.
MULTIYEAR PAVEMENT REPAIR SCHEDULING OPTIMIZATION BY PRECONSTRAINED GENETIC ALGORITHM

Development of a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization tool for determining the optimal multiyear pavement repair schedule is described. The problem of finding the best multiyear work plan can be modeled as a combinatorial optimization problem, the objective of which is to achieve the highest possible average network condition for a given budget and operating constraints. Two GAs and a dynamic programming (DP) approach were implemented to determine multiyear repair schedules. The DP method resulted in optimal solutions, but it suffers from rigidity and inability to handle large-scale problems. The GA techniques obtained solutions that were near optimal and maintained flexibility and scalability. The GAs implemented were of two types: simple and preconstrained. The simple GA uses constraints when searching for solutions. The preconstrained GA uses constraints that limit which repair can be selected before searching for solutions to attain better efficiency.
A Three-Dimensional Model for the Surface Texture in Surface Grinding, Part 2: Grinding Wheel Surface Texture Model

In order to produce ground parts that have desirable surface properties, it is necessary to understand the evolution of these characteristics through the surface generation mechanisms involved in the grinding process. Since the geometry of the wheel surface, in part, determines the final workpiece geometry, the influence of the 3-D structure of a wheel surface on the final workpiece geometry is studied. In this work, a wheel surface model is developed that can be integrated with a surface grinding process model for simulating workpiece surface texture. The simulations utilizing the integrated model are used to study the workpiece surface roughness as a function of the frequency characteristics of the wheel surface. The 2-D Fourier forward and inverse transforms are employed to study and model the 3-D surface structure. In particular, the effect of specific frequency components in the wheel surface on the ground surface are analyzed. It is shown that workpiece surfaces resulting from wheel surfaces with dominant low frequency components have higher roughness, and that the low frequency components indicate a clustering of abrasive grains on the wheel surface. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1391428#
X-ray fluorescence system for thin film composition analysis during deposition

Abstract A fast-response-time X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system was designed with a monolithic polycapillary focusing optic for in situ composition profiling during materials deposition. The polycapillary optic produced 105 times more intensity at the sample than a pinhole, allowing the detector placement to be outside most deposition chambers. The resultant XRF signals were so strong that measurement times were comparable to monolayer growth times. XRF line scans from Ge1−xSnx thin films were used to map Sn concentration versus surface position with a 10 μm resolution. The extrapolated instrumental detection limit using a 20 W Cu source was 1012 atoms (ng). XRF from a 100-nm ion-implanted Ge0.72Sn0.28 sample demonstrated the system's ability to monitor initial growth stages during deposition.
Metabolic enzymes and phenotypic expression among human locomotor muscles

Percutaneous biopsies were taken from the right vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (Sol), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of eight recreationally active adult males. Approximately 60 fibers in each sample were analyzed for their type (I, IIa, or llx), cross-sectional area (CSA), and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and calcium-activated actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase (qATPase) activities. This was done to test the hypothesis that metabolic enzyme activities are more reflective of the functional diversity among human locomotor muscles than fiber type composition. The results showed that enzymatic characteristics differed more or less than expected between muscles of the same or different fiber type. For example, the relative CSA occupied by fast fibers was only about 50% greater in the mixed (LG and VL) than in the slow (Sol and TA) muscles (57 vs. 38%). At the same time, average fiber SDH activity and fiber type specific SDH:qATPase * %CSA, both used as estimates of fatigue resistance, were greater in Sol and LG than in TA and VL. As a result, the two slow muscles and the two mixed muscles had different values, and a mixed muscle (LG) had higher values than a slow muscle (TA). The findings suggest that differences in enzymatic profile, more than fiber type composition, afford human locomotor muscles the capacity to perform their purportedly divergent functional tasks.
ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT: ACTION RESEARCH AS AN INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK

Action Research (AR) is presented as an interpretive conceptual framework through which an understanding of management systems can be achieved. The proposed interpretive framework is briefly described and examined as a comparative management framework. The merit inherent in AR as an interpretive comparative management framework is illustrated through an initial comparative analysis of US and Japanese management practices.
Purification of cytosolic, latent endoribonuclease from porcine thyroid

Abstract An alkaline endoribonuclease was purified 1800-fold from the cytosolic, latent ribonuclease fraction of porcine thyroids by gentle procedures specifically designed to exclude both heating and acidification steps. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a broad peak of enzyme activity that was coincident with the stained protein band. As estimated by gel filtration chromatography the major form of the enzyme (59%) had a molecular weight of 51,000; the remainder of the activity was distributed among six minor forms. Carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography showed that the enzyme had at least three interconvertible forms. The latent alkaline ribonuclease had a pH optimum of 8.1 in both Tris and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffers and was stimulated by a number of monovalent chloride and potassium salts at ionic strengths between 10 and 70 m m ; above 100 m m the salts were all inhibitory with the exception of ammonium chloride. At 1 m m both MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 were stimulatory, whereas CuCl 2 ZnCl 2 and EDTA were inhibitors. Both native and denatured DNA were slightly stimulatory. The porcine thyroid latent alkaline ribonuclease was specific for pyrimidine homopolymers and yielded a mixture of cyclic mononucleotides and oligonucleotides when incubated with poly(C). It did not hydrolyze 2′(3′)-cyclic CMP, purine homopolymers, native or denatured DNA or poly(A) · poly(U). Its activity toward rRNA was greater than toward tRNA and it cleaved the former to a mixture of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides. The properties of the intracellular, cytosolic, latent, alkaline ribonuclease distinguish it from pancreatic ribonuclease A and other nonsecretory ribonucleases.
Cárdenas and the Caste war that Wasn't: State power and Indigenismo in post-Revolutionary Yucatán

The Caste War that devastated Yucatan in the middle of the nineteenth century cast a long shadow across ethnic relations and politics in the state decades after its effective end. During the Mexican Revolution and the subsequent period of national reconstruction, revolutionary politicians invoked the Caste War as a precursor to the Revolution and as justification for post-Revolutionary projects, in particular indigenismo. The state’s indigenist policy advocated, in the words of Alan Knight, the “emancipation and integration of Mexico’s exploited Indian groups.” To this end, it offered indigenous people education, legal support, even land; however, these “modernizing” policies also destroyed or appropriated much of their culture and subordinated them to the state. The legacy of the Caste War shaped such indigenist projects in Yucatan from the Revolution to (at least) the 1930s, but its influence was strongest during Cardenas’ visit to Yucatan in August of 1937. The president not only reinterpreted the Caste War to justify land reform and a broad indigenist project; he attempted to mobilize the Yucatecan peasantry along class and ethnic lines and threatened recalcitrant landlords with another caste war should they oppose him. Once armed, however, peasant soldiers turned their rifles not against the landowners but against each other. This essays explores how the Caste War’s legacy shaped the development and deployment of indigenist projects in Yucatan from the Revolution to the late 1930s, focusing on Cardenas’ aborted mobilization. Along the way, it will consider the impact and efficacy of state-sponsored indigenismo. Above all, it seeks to understand why state efforts to champion the cause of the Maya failed to unify the rural poor of Yucatan under the banner of Cardenismo.
Application of the Coherent Potential Approximation to a System of Muffin-Tin Potentials

The coherent potential approximation for the electronic density of states in a disordered substitutional alloy is applied in detail to a system of muffin-tin potentials. All expressions are formulated in terms of the phase shifts of the individual atomic scatterers. A simple example, illustrating a tight-binding system in which the pure constituents have different bandwidths, is discussed.
Correlated photons in quantum dot-cavity quantum electrodynamics: Beyond the single cavity

We show that the use of a coupled cavity or a bimodal cavity can improve single photon generation significantly relative to a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a cavity.
The nature of evil a reply to Garrard

Abstract In this article I explore Eve Garrard's recent account of evil and some work of Colin McGinn's on the same topic. I argue that neither provides a satisfactory account of evil. In doing so, I discuss the role of conscience, sadism and indifference to the suffering of others in evil‐doing. I argue that the evil‐doer can be admirable and I explore the relation between agent and action in the evil deed.The idea that evil is mysterious is considered and I conclude with some comments on the relation between evil and the idea of a fellowship amongst human beings.
Adsorption of gum Arabic on bioceramic nanoparticles

Abstract Surface modification agents can be used to tailor the surface chemistry and biological activity of bioceramic nanoparticles in very intriguing ways. However, the specific modes of interactions between macromolecules and nanoparticles can be difficult to characterize. The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of gum Arabic on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) test. Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural gum that has been widely used as an emulsifying agent and shows promise for dispersing nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. The adsorption of GA onto HAp nanoparticles followed a Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption plateau occurring at 0.2 g GA/g HAp. The adsorption of GA onto MNP attained a maximum value of 0.6 g GA/g MNP, after which it decreased to approximately 0.2 g GA/g MNP. The maximum adsorption density of GA on both MNP and HAp is equivalent when normalized to the specific surface area (4 × 10 − 3 g GA/m 2 ). Adsorbed GA molecules were displaced from the surface of HAp and MNP in the presence of phosphate ions.
Secondary membranes for flux optimization in membrane filtration of biologic suspensions.

Abstract We employ in situ deposited secondary membranes of yeast (SMYs) to optimize permeate flux during microfiltration and ultrafiltration of protein solutions. The deposited secondary membrane was periodically removed by backflushing, and a new cake layer was deposited at the start of the next cycle. The effects of backflushing time, backflushing strength, wall shear rate, and amount of secondary membrane deposited on the permeate flux were examined. Secondary membranes were found to increase the permeate flux in microfiltration by severalfold. Protein transmission was also enhanced owing to the presence of the secondary membrane, and the amount of protein recovered was more than twice that obtained during filtration of proteinonly solutions under otherwise identical conditions. In ultrafiltration, the flux enhancement owing to the secondary membrane was only 50% or less. In addition, the flux for ultrafiltration was relatively insensitive to changes in the concentration of yeast used during deposition of SMY and to the backflushing strength used to periodically remove the secondary membrane.
Rapid, estrogen receptor-mediated signaling: why is the endothelium so special?

Classical, ligand-activated genomic effects of estrogen receptors (ERs) were once thought to mediate all estrogen responses. It is now accepted that rapid, nongenomic responses, mediated by ER-containing membrane complexes, occur in many tissues. The endothelium is a major target of such responses and is the critical regulatory tissue that, when normally functional, determines a state of "vascular health." When dysfunctional, the phenotypic and functional alterations result in vascular pathology, the most common form of which is atherosclerosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vascular protective substance generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The engagement of membrane ERs by 17β-estradiol (E2) is a potent stimulus to eNOS activation and NO release. Here, we describe the multimolecular components of ER-containing membrane complex assembly and the mechanisms directing ER targeting to caveolae microdomains in the plasma membrane. We discuss the possibility that various ERα splice forms, expressed in endothelial cells, may be particularly efficient signal transducers and may use classical receptor domains for membrane targeting and insertion. Finally, we discuss the biomedical ramifications of ER-mediated endothelial activation, including the controversies surrounding hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease.
Interfacial Reactions and Wetting Behavior of Glass‐Iron Systems

Interfacial reactions and enhanced wetting or spreading of Na2FexSi2O5+x and Na2–2xFexSi2O5 glasses on substrates of high-purity (Marz) and commercial (Armco) iron were observed at 1000°C at low partial pressures of O2 and Na. Reactivity increased with increasing O/Si ratio in the glass, with the purity of the iron, and with decreasing gas pressure.
Lung Allocation Score Predicts Survival in Lung Transplantation Patients With Pulmonary Fibrosis

Background Since 2005, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network has used the lung allocation score (LAS) to assign organ allocation priority in lung transplantation. This study was designed to determine whether LAS predicts short-term survival for patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data was retrospectively reviewed to identify 1,256 first-time adult lung transplantation recipients with pulmonary fibrosis since initiation of the LAS (May 2005 to December 2007). Patients were stratified by quartiles of LAS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression predicted the risk of 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality. Results Lung allocation scores ranged from 31.1 to 94.1. Lung allocation score quartiles (Q) were as follows: Q1, 29.8 to 37.8, n=315; Q2, 37.9 to 42.5, n=313; Q3, 42.6 to 51.9, n=314; and Q4, 52.0 to 94.1, n=314. Lung allocation score correlated strongly with cumulative survival at 90 days and 1 year after lung transplantation. Patients in the highest LAS quartile (LAS Q4, 52.0 to 94.1) had a 10% lower cumulative survival at 1 year after transplantation when compared with patients in the lowest LAS quartile ( p = 0.04). On Cox proportional hazards regression, patients in the highest LAS quartile (those above 52.0) had a significant increase in the risk of mortality at both 90 days and 1 year after transplantation (relative to reference Q1: hazard ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 3.80; p = 0.01 for 90 days; and hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.44; p = 0.03 for 1 year). Conclusions An initial examination of survival for pulmonary fibrosis lung transplantation recipients in the post-LAS era was performed. Lung allocation score predicts short-term mortality in this cohort.
Psychological symptoms in sexually abused girls

This study examined psychological symptoms exhibited by children who had recently been sexually abused. Twenty-four girls aged 6 to 12 years old were evaluated within six months of being abused using a variety of standardized child psychiatric instruments. Results showed a marked discrepancy between child and parent reports of symptoms. The abused children did not exhibit significant depressive, anxiety, or low self-esteem symptoms by self-report; however, their parents rated them as having significantly more behavioral problems than a normative sample but as somewhat less pathological than a clinical sample. The implications of these findings in relation to our current understanding of the psychological problems manifested by sexually abused children and for future research are discussed.
Effects of European and U.S. Strains of Fusarium spp. Pathogenic to Leafy Spurge on North American Grasses and Cultivated Species

Abstract Host-range tests were conducted in a greenhouse using 9 European and 11 U.S. strains of Fusarium spp. pathogenic to Euphorbia spp. Plants of 12 grass species native to the rangelands of North America were raised from seed, planted in soil infested with each strain, and assessed for dry weight after 24 weeks. Five of 11 U.S. strains of Fusarium spp. significantly reduced the dry weight of at least 1 species of grass native to North America. Only 3 native grass species were affected: Idaho fescue ( Festuca idahoensis ), big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardi ), and big bluegrass ( Poa ampla ). Mean reductions ranged from 56 to 92%. A single European strain caused a 53% reduction in dry weight of 1 grass species, sand lovegrass ( Eragrostis tichodes ). Root-dip assays of 3-week-old seedlings in the greenhouse, with assessment over 3 weeks followed by 9 weeks of further observation and recording of dry weights of surviving plants were used to assess pathogenicity to 27 cultivated plant species. Two of the 3 most virulent U.S. strains failed to cause disease on any crop species according to these criteria. Three U.S. strains were positive in root-dip assays, each to a single crop species, causing vascular discoloration of flax ( Linum ussitatissimum ) and root necrosis of okra ( Hibiscus esculentus ) and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). Neither of the 2 most virulent European strains exhibited pathogenicity to any of 12 crop species. Two other European strains exhibited host ranges comprised of 3 and 4 crop species. Two strains of F. proliferatum from the U.S. and Europe differing in host range were vegetatively compatible. The greater frequency of disease incidence on Euphorbia in Europe and the narrow host range and apparently greater virulence of European strains indicate that strains well-adapted to leafy spurge might best include Fusarium spp. occurring in Europe.
The Education Chief Resident in Medical Student Education: indicators of success.

Objective Although residents are actively involved in teaching medical students, some students do not feel that they get adequate teaching from residents. The position of Education Chief Resident in Medical Student Education was developed to enhance the educational experience for the students, cultivate the academic skills of the education chief, and liaise between students and residents.
Rapid changes in Late Pleistocene precipitation and stream discharge determined from medium- and coarse-grained sediment in saline lakes

Abstract Sediment-trapping investigations in Pyramid Lake, Nevada show that medium- to coarse-grained clastic sediments suspended in streamflow after periods of low flow can be transported several kilometers in plumes of freshwater discharged over the surface of a saline lake. Analogous conditions are postulated to explain changes in the abundance of detrital quartz in lake clay near the center of Estancia Basin, New Mexico during the Late Pleistocene. Abrupt increases in the abundance of quartz grains mark the onset of lake freshening, and ostracode and trace-metal proxies for salinity indicate repeated, brief episodes of streamflow and lake freshening during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
The improved corrosion resistance of steel in water after abrasive blasting with alumina

Abstract Polarization resistance studies and cathodic delamination studies provide evidence that steel abrasively blasted with alumina exhibits a lower initial rate of corrosion in distilled water than similar steels blasted with steel grit or abraded with silicon carbide paper. Auger spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis revealed the presence of significant aluminum on the surface, largely in the form of embedded particles but possibly also as a constituent of the oxide film. Non-metallic abrasive blasting may have application in the chemical modification of metal surfaces.
Supervision and the Logic of Resentment

Because resentment features prominently in work relations, supervisors should understand the nature of such emotions and how to address them. Popular wisdom’s insistence that emotions cannot be rationally assessed is mistaken. Emotions are judgments embodied in perceptions, dispositions, and “raw feels,” that reflect one’s worldview. At the core of paradigmatic resentment is the moral judgment that someone has betrayed one by unfairly rejecting one in a way that shows ill-will. Non-paradigmatic resentment is an extension of the paradigm.
Chlorofluorocarbon evidence for recent ventilation of the deep Bering Sea

THE pattern of the global thermohaline circulation of today's oceans is controlled by deep-water formation at the northern and southern limits of the Atlantic. The apparent lack of deep-water formation in the North Pacific, on the other hand, suggests that this ocean plays only a minor role in the global circulation, but it is unclear whether this was also the case during periods of glaciation—there is conflicting evidence in the sedimentary record for the existence of a deep-water source in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial Maximum1–4. Here we report the detection of anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons in the bottom waters of the Aleutian basin in the eastern Bering Sea, which suggests that a small amount of bottom water has formed in this region during the past 40 years. Although the small volumes of water involved are unlikely to play a significant role in determining present-day global circulation patterns, the results lend credence to the possibility that this sea was an important source of deep water for the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Forming wrinkled stiff films on polymeric substrates at room temperature for stretchable interconnects applications

Abstract Periodically wrinkled stiff thin films on elastomeric substrates have been found extensive applications, such as in stretchable electronics. This paper presents a cost-effective and simple method to form wrinkled stiff SiO x thin films on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates at room temperature by ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O) radiation on pre-strained PDMS. Systemic studies have been conducted to understand the dependence of the wavy profile on the PDMS pre-strain, UV/O exposure time, and PDMS modulus. The mechanics analysis has been verified to be quantitatively or qualitatively accurate by experimental comparisons. The wrinkled SiO x /PDMS system is stretchable and provides a wavy mold for stretchable electrodes. The constant electrical resistance during mechanical stretching shows the stretchability of this system.
Single-Electron Energies, Many-Electron Effects, and the Renormalized-Atom Scheme as Applied to Rare-Earth Metals

A systematic investigation of certain electronic properties of the rare-earth metals is reported. Calculations are performed within the framework of the renormalized-atom method in which Hartree-Fock free-atom solutions, with electronic configurations appropriate to the metal, are initially computed; the wave functions are then renormalized to the Wigner-Seitz sphere and used to construct $l$-dependent Hartree-Fock-Wigner-Seitz crystal potentials. The following results are obtained: (i) Recent spectral information together with the free-atom solutions permits us to estimate the change in neutral-atom correlation energy associated with changing the $4f$ electron count; contrary to expectation, we find that correlation effects are more significant in a configuration with one fewer $4f$ and one more $5d$ electron. (ii) Band extrema and Fermi levels are placed. (iii) The positions of occupied and unoccupied $4f$ levels are estimated in both a one-electron approach and a multielectron method taking screening and relaxation effects into account in a definite way. The one-electron approximation for the $4f$ levels fails badly in reproducing the results of recent photoemission experiments, while the multielectron calculations are in surprisingly good accord with experiment. The effective Coulomb-interaction energy between two $4f$ electrons at the same site, the familiar $U$, is reduced from the single-particle value of approximately 27 eV to about 7 eV with the inclusion of multielectron effects. (iv) Hartree-Fock values for the $4s$- and $5s$-shell exchange splittings are compared with soft-x-ray photoemission studies of the rare-earth fluorides and oxides; the calculated $4s$ splittings are roughly twice as large as experiment while, unexpectedly, the $5s$ results are in almost precise agreement.