cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution of GdCl3 and Gd-DTPA and their influence on proton magnetic relaxation in rat tissues

The biodistribution and relative molar effectiveness of the ionic (GdCl3) and chelated (Gd-DTPA) forms of gadolinium (Gd) to enhance proton relaxation rates in rat kidney, liver and spleen were evaluated. Rats were given intravenous injections of either GdCl3 (100 mumol/kg) or Gd-DTPA (178 mumol/kg). Gd-DTPA was primarily contained in the vascular compartment and was quickly accumulated in the kidney after injection with a relaxivity of 4.3 sec-1 (mumol/g kidney)-1. It was eliminated quickly from the body with only 2% of the injected dose remaining after 120 min. After GdCl3 injection, Gd was found primarily in liver and spleen. It accumulated continuously reaching 72% of the injected does in these two tissues after 120 min. Despite this continuous increase in tissue Gd concentration, the relaxation rates showed saturation in liver and spleen. The results suggest that after GdCl3 was injected it distributed either in a protein bound form that was effective at causing relaxation or in a colloid form that was not effective. The biodistribution of GdCl3 was such that it was determined by the phagocytic action of the recticuloendothelial system on a colloid. The biodistribution and tissue relaxivity of Gd-DTPA suggest it will be a useful vascular MRI contrast agent. However, the usefulness of GdCl3 as an MRI contrast agent is limited not only by its acute toxicity but also by its saturable effect on tissue relaxation rates. Consequently, GdCl3 has only a modest influence on tissue relaxivity.
Calculation of collisional energy transfer of thermal clusters

We have studied the energy transfer between Mo clusters and the rare-gas atoms Ne, Ar and Xe. We have chosen these systems as non-trivial models of the thermalization process of metal clusters in a background gas. The energy transfer and energy transfer rate for collisions of Mo clusters with rare gas atoms are computed as functions of relative collision energy (gas temperature) and reduced mass. The dynamics of gas phase Mo clusters are simulated by molecular dynamics trajectories whose initial conditions are sampled from a distribution appropriate to thermal collisions. The simulation shows that the energy transfer is sensitive to the collision mass, and strongly coupled to the actual interaction force, where evidence for multiple collision is shown. The energy transfer rate, however, is dominated by collision frequency, i.e., the reduced collision mass.
An ATP-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis in ascites cell extracts by wheat germ protein.

Abstract A high speed supernatant fraction from wheat germ was shown to be a very effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from Ehrlich ascites cells. Low concentrations of the extract were equally effective in inhibiting the translation of EMC viral RNA, ascites cell mRNA (exogenous) and endogenous mRNA. The kinetics of inhibition in the presence and absence of pactamycin, as well as the observed inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis, indicate that the wheat germ inhibitor acts at the level of elongation. Preincubation of the ascites system with the wheat germ inhibitor in the presence and absence of ATP showed that ATP was required for the development of the inhibition. The inhibitor was partially purified and appears to be a basic protein with a molecular weight of 30 000–40 000. These results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that this may be another example of a protein kinase-induced inhibition of protein synthesis.
Pulsatile flow in pulmonary artery, capillary, and vein in the dog.

The temporal relationship of flow pulses in the pulmonary artery, capillaries, and veins was investigated in 10 chronic dog preparations with pulsed ultrasonic flowmeters and a nitrous oxide-body plethysmograph for capillary flow. Implanted pressure transducers in the left atrium provided reference to the conventional atrial pulses: A, C, X-descent, V, and Y-descent. Left atrial contraction produced an A-wave pressure transient followed by retrograde flow up the veins. The C-pressure pulse occasionally produced a minimal trough in the venous flow pattern. Early in ventricular systole, X-descent in left atrial pressure preceded a venous flow pulse of modest amplitude, which began prior to the onset of the pulse of capillary flow. On average, right ventricular ejection was followed in 37 msec by the major flow pulse in the capillaries, which in turn was followed 68 msec later by the onset of venous flow. This venous flow pulse was simultaneous with a rise in left atrial pressure, the V-wave. With the onset of diastole, the Y-descent in atrial pressure preceded a major venous flow pulse. With accelerated heart rate, separation of the V and Y venous flow pulses was lost, and a monophasic pulse was found.
Intra‐Organizational Constraints on Churches' Public Witness

We examine the effects of some oft-overlooked influences on clergy public speech, an important component of a church's public witness. While there are many studies of denominational conflict, few studies connect denominational-level conflict with the ways in which clergy address salient public issues to their congregations. We also explore the impact that the presence of a congregant who has struggled with his or her sexuality, that is, the contact hypothesis, has on clergy speech. We test these ideas using 2004 survey data from clergy in Columbus, Ohio concerning their speech on the state's constitutional ban on gay marriage. We find that these intra-organizational constraints shape opinions that in turn affect speech, tempering indirectly the ability of clergy to present concerns about the proposed ban.
Injection acceleration and extraction of high intensity proton beam for the "neutrino facility" project at BNL

The proposed "neutrino-production" project to be built at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) requires that the neutrino-production target be bombarded by a high intensity proton beam-pulse of /spl sim/90/spl times/10/sup 12/ protons of 28 GeV in energy and at a rate of 2.5 Hz, resulting in a 1 MW power of proton beam deposited on the target for the production of the neutrinos. In this paper we investigate the possibility of producing this high intensity proton beam, using as the main accelerator the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The following aspects of the project are reported in this paper: a) The beam injection into the AGS synchrotron of 1.2 GeV H/sup -/ beam produced by a super-conducting LINAC; b) The effect of the eddy currents induced on the vacuum chamber of the circulating beam during the "ramping" of the main magnets of the AGS. c) The method of the beam extraction from the AGS and the optics of the 28 GeV beam extracted from the AGS.
Discrete-time convolution feedback systems †

This paper considers multi-input multi-output discrete-time feedback systems characterized by y = G∗e and e = u — y. Theorem I shows that if the closed-loop impulse response H is stable in the sense that H ∊ l 1 n×n (p), then [Gtilde] (z) =N(z) [ [Dtilde](z)] − where N(z), ;[Dtilde](z) are in l 1 n×n (p) Theorem III gives necessary and sufficient conditions for H ∊ l 1 n×n (p) Finally Theorem III gives necessary and sufficient conditions for stability when [Gtilde] (z) has a finite number of multiple poles in ∣z∣ > p : the case where the leading term of the Laurent expansion at each of these poles is singular is treated in detail.
A Decision-Making Perspective to Negotiation: A Review of the Past and a Look into the Future

Through the decision-analytic approach to negotiations, the past quarter century has seen the development of a better dialog between the descriptive and the prescriptive, as well as a burgeoning interest in the field for both academics and practitioners. Researchers have built upon the work in behavioral decision theory, examining the ways in which negotiators may deviate from rationality. The 1990s brought a renewed interest in social factors, as work on social relationships, egocentrism, attribution and construal processes, and motivated illusions was incorporated into our understanding of negotiations. Several promising areas of research have emerged in recent years, drawing from other disciplines and informing the field of negotiations, including work on the influence of ethics, emotions, intuition, and training.
Solution structure of a late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA14) from Arabidopsis thaliana, a cellular stress-related protein

We report the three-dimensional structure of a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein from Arabidopsis thaliana gene At1g01470.1. This protein is a member of Pfam cluster PF03168, and has been classified as a LEA14 protein. LEA proteins are expressed under conditions of cellular stress, such as desiccation, cold, osmotic stress, and heat. The structure, which was determined by NMR spectroscopy, revealed that the At1g01470.1 protein has an alphabeta-fold consisting of one alpha-helix and seven beta-strands that form two antiparallel beta-sheets. The closest structural homologs were discovered to be fibronectin Type III domains, which have <7% sequence identity. Because fibronectins from animal cells have been shown to be involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape, it is interesting to note that in plants wounding or stress results in the overexpression of a protein with fibronectin Type III structural features.
The pathogenicity of avian metapneumovirus subtype C wild bird isolates in domestic turkeys

Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) causes severe upper respiratory disease in turkeys. Previous report revealed the presence of aMPV/C in wild birds in the southeast regions of the U.S. In this study, aMPV/C positive oral swabs from American coots (AC) and Canada geese (CG) were passaged three times in the respiratory tract of specific pathogen free (SPF) turkeys and used as aMPV/C P3 virus isolates in subsequent studies. Wild bird P3 isolates showed similar growth characteristics when compared to virulent aMPV/C in chicken embryo fibroblast ( CEF) cell cultures and their glycoprotein G gene sequence was closely related to the G gene of aMPV/C Colorado reference virus. Three-day-old commercial or SPF turkeys were inoculated oculonasally with wild bird aMPV/C P3 isolates. At 5 and 7 days post-inoculation (DPI), severe clinical signs were observed in both of the AC and CG virus-exposed groups. Viral RNA was detected in tracheal swabs by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, immunohistochemistry showed virus replication in the nasal turbinate and trachea. All virus-exposed turkeys developed positive antibody response by 14 DPI. Our data demonstrate that aMPV/C wild bird isolates induced typical aMPV/C disease in the domestic turkeys.
The Black–White Gap in Marital Dissolution among Young Adults: What Can a Counterfactual Scenario Tell Us?

One of the most heavily studied subfields of family sociology is that of racial disparities in family formation trends. While divergent black—white patterns in divorce are well documented, their underlying causal factors are not well understood. Debates on whether such differences are due to socioeconomic compositional differences, cultural differences, or some degree of each continue to surface in the literature. In this article, I use the U.S. military as an institutional counterfactual to larger society because, I argue, it isolates many of the conditions commonly cited in the literature to explain race differences in divorce trends. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), I find that, unlike their civilian counterparts, African American military enlistees have low divorce rates, even lower, it seems, than their fellow enlisted Caucasians.
Indonesia. Maskulinitas: Culture, gender and politics in Indonesia . By Marshall Clark. Monash papers on Southeast Asia no. 71. Caulfield: Monash University Press, 2010. Pp. 182. Notes, Bibliography, Index.

Maskulinitas: culture, gender and politics in Indonesia. Monash papers on Southeast Asia no. 71 Caulfield: Monash University Press, 2010. Pp. 182. Notes, Bibliography, Index. In this wide-ranging and intriguing study of Indonesian arts, especially those that appeared during the first 10 years following Suharto's fall, Marshall Clark looks at diverse genres: the novels of Pramoedya Ananta Toer and Ayu Utami; films--some art house, some more popular--by a number of important new directors; and works by a controversial poet, Binhad Nurrohmat. In each case, he asks how men are represented and what we can learn in light of those representations about contemporary Indonesian attitudes toward masculinity. In particular, he wishes to learn whether conventional expectations of the idealised male are undergoing re-evaluation. Has there been any loosening of the screws that keep Indonesian males fastened to a New Order take on gender, wherein men are in control of themselves and everyone else, and women are subservient, supportive and focused on the family? Or to say the same in a different idiom, has the radical questioning that the end of the New Order occasioned reduced the power of Javanist patriarchy and heteronormativity? Clark frequently invokes Bakhtin as he examines materials that deal much more frankly and provocatively with sexuality and 'lower bodily strata' than has been customary in recent Indonesian culture. Like Bakhtin, he celebrates the anti-authoritarian tenor of what comes from the 'marketplace': the way that exchange of all sorts challenges the order and stasis of institutionalised power. Yet there is a risk here, one that Clark does not completely avoid, of taking representations of the lowly or nonnormative as critiques of the high and mighty or the normative, when the point may simply be to emphasise their differences. Pramoedya, certainly, challenged hierarchical assumptions at their foundations. Yet many of Clark's other examples, particularly those from film, are equivocal. As Clark admits, many popular films reflect men's sense of being under threat from assertive feminism. But they do so by reaffirming stereotypes of women's baleful power and retelling tales of men's violent responses. Directors who fall back on these standard tropes may simply, and cynically, exploit young male spectators' taste for such violence. But their films' popularity suggests no rethinking of conventional (and destructive) masculinist attitudes. Clark's claims are modest. …
High-valent transition metal arene complexes: Investigation of the mesitylene complex of TiCl3+

The solution and solid-state structure of [(mesitylene)TiCl3][AlCl4], a rare example of a high-valent transition metal arene complex, was investigated experimentally and through theoretical calculations.
Transthoracic pacing during CPR

Twenty-seven patients had transthoracic pacemakers inserted by the subxiphoid approach during advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department of Detroit General Hospital between May 1977 and March 1979. Twenty-one charts were available for detailed review. Pacemaker indications in these 21 cases included electromechanical dissociation in four cases, asystole in 10 cases, pulseless idioventricular rhythm in five cases, and 3 degree heart block in two cases. All patients had failed to respond to conventional chronotropic and inotropic agents prior to pacemaker insertion. Good pacemaker capture was obtained in eight of the 21 patients. Two of the patients with good capture had pulses for about 15 min after capture. One of these two patients rearrested, with signs of pericardial tamponade which was confirmed during emergency thoracotomy. Neither of the two patients who had pulses after pacemaker insertion and capture could be stabilized, and both died within 30 min post-insertion. Transthoracic pacemaker insertion during advanced CPR in the emergency department probably does not improve outcome in bradyasystolic arrests if there has been poor response to standard advanced cardiac life support management.
Metal organic framework (MOF) micro/nanopillars

In this work, we report the realization of MOF-based micro/nanopillars, a new generation of MOF structures, prepared from surface-assisted self-assembly processes at room temperature. Cu(BTC)·3H2O and Zn(ADC)·DMSO were used as two model systems to demonstrate the formation of vertical MOF pillars on gold surfaces.
Migration, Feelings of Belonging to a Land, and the Universality of Islam

According to Islamic theology, human beings are natural immigrants and migration is viewed positively in a variety of circumstances. There are many verses in the Qur’an praising those who migrate. Qur’an 2: 218 says, “Those who believed and migrated and struggled in the way of God are those who are hopeful of the mercy of God. God is Forgiving and Merciful.” Another verse says, “Those who have migrated…surely I will forgive their sins” (Qur’an, 3:195). A common element in these verses is the combining of faith and migration. One verse asks those who were persecuted yet did not migrate: “Wasn’t the land of God large enough that you could have migrated?” (Qur’an, 4:97). As part of the same narrative, the Qur’an actually encourages believers to migrate and states that those who chose to migrate when they are oppressed will find success: “Those who are migrating in the way of God will find refuge and prosperity” (Qur’an, 4:100).
FAST: a generic framework for flash-aware spatial trees

Spatial tree index structures are crucial components in spatial data management systems, designed with the implicit assumption that the underlying external memory storage is the conventional magnetic hard disk drives. This assumption is going to be invalid soon, as flash memory storage is increasingly adopted as the main storage media in mobile devices, digital cameras, embedded sensors, and notebooks. Though it is direct and simple to port existing spatial tree index structures on the flash memory storage, that direct approach does not consider the unique characteristics of flash memory, i.e., slow write operations, and erase-before-update property, which would result in a sub optimal performance. In this paper, we introduce FAST (i.e., Flash-Aware Spatial Trees) as a generic framework for flash-aware spatial tree index structures. FAST distinguishes itself from all previous attempts of flash memory indexing in two aspects: (1) FAST is a generic framework that can be applied to a wide class of data partitioning spatial tree structures including R-tree and its variants, and (2) FAST achieves both efficiency and durability of read and write flash operations through smart memory flushing and crash recovery techniques. Extensive experimental results, based on an actual implementation of FAST inside the GiST index structure in PostgreSQL, show that FAST achieves better performance than its competitors.
Soft Finger Model with Adaptive Contact Geometry for Grasping and Manipulation Tasks

This paper presents a method for building analytical contact models for soft fingers. Friction constraints are derived based on general expressions for non-planar contacts of elastic bodies, taking into account the local geometry and structure of the objects in contact. These constraints are then formulated as a linear complementarity problem, the solution of which provides the normal and frictional forces applied at each contact, as well as the relative velocity of the bodies involved. This approach captures frictional effects such as coupling between tangential force and frictional torque. We illustrate this method by analyzing manipulation tasks performed by an anthropomorphic robotic hand equipped with soft fingerpads
General, Artistic and Scientific Creativity Attributes of Engineering and Music Students

The purpose of this research was to investigate similarities and differences in general, artistic, and scientific creativity between engineering versus music students, as 2 groups respectively representing scientific and artistic domains. One hundred music and 105 engineering students from a large, Northeastern university completed measures of general creativity, music creativity, engineering creativity, and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicated that musicians scored higher in general and artistic creativity, with no significant differences in scientific creativity. Participants had higher levels of creativity, compared with normative data from previous studies. Gender, age, and specialization within major yielded no significant differences. Implications for creativity measures are discussed, including cognitive risk tolerance.
Are biogenic emissions a significant source of summertime atmospheric toluene in the rural Northeastern United States

Abstract. Summertime atmospheric toluene enhancements at Thompson Farm in the rural northeastern United States were unexpected and resulted in a toluene/benzene seasonal pattern that was distinctly different from that of other anthropogenic volatile organic compounds. Consequently, three hydrocarbon sources were investigated for potential contributions to the enhancements during 2004–2006. These included: (1) increased warm season fuel evaporation coupled with changes in reformulated gasoline (RFG) content to meet US EPA summertime volatility standards, (2) local industrial emissions and (3) local vegetative emissions. The contribution of fuel evaporation emission to summer toluene mixing ratios was estimated to range from 16 to 30 pptv d−1, and did not fully account for the observed enhancements (20–50 pptv) in 2004–2006. Static chamber measurements of alfalfa, a crop at Thompson Farm, and dynamic branch enclosure measurements of loblolly pine trees in North Carolina suggested vegetative emissions of 5 and 12 pptv d−1 for crops and coniferous trees, respectively. Toluene emission rates from alfalfa are potentially much larger as these plants were only sampled at the end of the growing season. Measured biogenic fluxes were on the same order of magnitude as the influence from gasoline evaporation and industrial sources (regional industrial emissions estimated at 7 pptv d−1 and indicated that local vegetative emissions make a significant contribution to summertime toluene enhancements. Additional studies are needed to characterize the variability and factors controlling toluene emissions from alfalfa and other vegetation types throughout the growing season.
Daily growth patterns of juveniles and adults of the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) in northern Chile

The Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) is a resource of considerable economic importance, whose stock unit is distributed between 16°00′S and 24°00′S and is shared between Chile and Peru. In the present study, daily growth patterns of juvenile and adult Peruvian anchovies in northern Chile were determined using micro-increments of sagittal otoliths for the recruitment and fishery seasons of 2009 and 2010. A characteristic feature was the existence of very distinctive daily micro-increments, through which a complete sequence of micro-increments was obtained from the primordium to otolith edge for juveniles (7.5–12-cm total length (TL)) and adults (12.5–18.0cm TL), whose ages were in the range 56–166 and 137–409 days respectively. Hatch dates extended from July 2009 to July 2010, where juveniles recruited to a fishery in a given month were the survivors of a spawning that had occurred approximately 3–4 months before. A Laird–Gompertz model fitted to length-at-age data for juveniles estimated maximum instantaneous growth rates that ranged from 0.98 to 1.57mm day–1, whereas overall mean individual growth rates back-calculated for the age range of juveniles ranged from 0.65 to 1.02mm day–1. The von Bertalanffy seasonal parameters estimated through the entire life history showed high growth, with a growth coefficient K=1.1 and mean length at the first year of 16.3cm TL. Consequently, E. ringens in northern Chile seems to maximize growth in the first year of life.
TNF-α inhibits liver collagen-α1(I) gene expression through a tissue-specific regulatory region

Although tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibits collagen-α1(I) gene expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells, assessment of its effects on hepatic collagen expression is complicated by the c...
Reliable Transition State Searches Integrated with the Growing String Method.

The growing string method (GSM) is highly useful for locating reaction paths connecting two molecular intermediates. GSM has often been used in a two-step procedure to locate exact transition states (TS), where GSM creates a quality initial structure for a local TS search. This procedure and others like it, however, do not always converge to the desired transition state because the local search is sensitive to the quality of the initial guess. This article describes an integrated technique for simultaneous reaction path and exact transition state search. This is achieved by implementing an eigenvector following optimization algorithm in internal coordinates with Hessian update techniques. After partial convergence of the string, an exact saddle point search begins under the constraint that the maximized eigenmode of the TS node Hessian has significant overlap with the string tangent near the TS. Subsequent optimization maintains connectivity of the string to the TS as well as locks in the TS direction, al...
Source of the ether-soluble organies of stings of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

A nonglandular membrane which folds over the bulb of the sting shaft of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is coated with ether-soluble organic substances ranging in volatility from alarm pheromones to heavier oily compounds. The presence of these substances on this “stingshaft membrane” is shown by gas chromatographic techniques. In an attempt to localize the site of production of the organic substances which are concentrated on the sting shaft membrane, the known glands associated with the honey bee sting (acid gland, alkaline gland, sheath glands, and Koshewnikov glands) were dissected from the sting, extracted with ether, and the extract subjected to gas chromatography. Only a few of the less volatile fractions were found to be definitely present in any of the glands investigated. No attempt was made to identify the chemical nature of any of these ether-soluble organics; however, possible physical functions which they may serve are discussed.
At the New Stages How to Build a Creditable China

Market economy demands credit economy. At the new stages how to build a creditable China depends on the common efforts made by the government, enterprise and the individual. From the software part, the credit thought and creative spirit of all subject units should be regulated, guided and surpervised through all kinds of regulations and rules. From the above two parts, self-discipline can be strengthened and the credit actions can be carried out.
Analysis of vertebrate eye movements following intravitreal drug injections. I. Blockade of retinal ON-cells by 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate eliminates optokinetic nystagmus

1. Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was examined in alert rabbits and cats following intravitreal injection of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), an agent which selectively blocks the light-r...
Carryover effects drive competitive dominance in spatially structured environments

Understanding how changes to the quality of habitat patches affect the distribution of species across the whole landscape is critical in our human-dominated world and changing climate. Although patterns of species’ abundances across a landscape are clearly influenced by dispersal among habitats and local species interactions, little is known about how the identity and origin of dispersers affect these patterns. Because traits of individuals are altered by experiences in their natal habitat, differences in the natal habitat of dispersers can carry over when individuals disperse to new habitats and alter their fitness and interactions with other species. We manipulated the presence or absence of such carried-over natal habitat effects for up to eight generations to examine their influence on two interacting species across multiple dispersal rates and different habitat compositions. We found that experimentally accounting for the natal habitat of dispersers significantly influenced competitive outcomes at all spatial scales and increased total community biomass within a landscape. However, the direction and magnitude of the impact of natal habitat effects was dependent upon landscape type and dispersal rate. Interestingly, effects of natal habitats increased the difference between species performance across the landscape, suggesting that natal habitat effects could alter competitive interactions to promote spatial coexistence. Given that heterogeneity in habitat quality is ubiquitous in nature, natal habitat effects are likely important drivers of spatial community structure and could promote variation in species performance, which may help facilitate spatial coexistence. The results have important implications for conservation and invasive species management.
Shifting Deficit Paradigms of Latino Emerging Bilingual Students’ Literacy Achievement: Documenting Biliterate Trajectories

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this single-subject longitudinal study was to examine the Spanish and English biliterate development of U.S. Latino Spanish/English speaking students, who we call emerging bilingual students, as they participated in an innovative biliteracy instructional program titled Literacy Squared®. Findings indicate that across the three years of the study, participating students made gains in Spanish and English reading and writing. This study provides support for Literacy Squared as an innovative biliterate program. Further, the study provides evidence for the need to consider alternative methods to document Latino Spanish/English students’ biliteracy development such as through the use of biliterate trajectories.
Brownian Dynamics Simulation Reveals Freedom of Motors in the Cargo Membrane can Influence Cargo Dynamics

Active transport of subcellular cargos along microtubules is essential for organization and function of eukaryotic cells. Key players in this transport system are the kinesin- and dynein-family motors, with multiple motors of each type often active at once. These motors have been extensively studied, but it remains unclear how the motors function in groups, as well as how properties of the cargo itself can influence transport. We developed a Brownian dynamics simulator of cargo transport which includes cargo shape and motor location on the cargo. Simulations reveal that if motors are free to diffuse on the surface of a cargo, under certain circumstances, motors self-organize into dynamic clusters. Furthermore, dynamic clustering can give rise to cargo “memory” - when a travelling cargo becomes detached from the microtubule briefly, it will tend to continue travelling in its original direction upon reattachment. This memory effect demonstrates that cargo geometry alone can influence cargo behavior and hints that dynamic motor organization on the cargo could be used by the cell to control intracellular transport.
Understanding the Relationship between Stormwater Control Measures and Ecosystem Services in an Urban Watershed

AbstractThe dilemma of managing the trade-off between immediate human needs and maintaining the ability of the Earth to provide ecosystem services is considered to be one of the greatest challenges...
Inverting polar domains via electrical pulsing in metallic germanium telluride.

Germanium telluride (GeTe) is both polar and metallic, an unusual combination of properties in any material system. The large concentration of free-carriers in GeTe precludes the coupling of external electric field with internal polarization, rendering it ineffective for conventional ferroelectric applications and polarization switching. Here we investigate alternate ways of coupling the polar domains in GeTe to external electrical stimuli through optical second harmonic generation polarimetry and in situ TEM electrical testing on single-crystalline GeTe nanowires. We show that anti-phase boundaries, created from current pulses (heat shocks), invert the polarization of selective domains resulting in reorganization of certain 71o domain boundaries into 109o boundaries. These boundaries subsequently interact and evolve with the partial dislocations, which migrate from domain to domain with the carrier-wind force (electrical current). This work suggests that current pulses and carrier-wind force could be external stimuli for domain engineering in ferroelectrics with significant current leakage. Polar metals such as GeTe could store information using electric domains but the high conductivity screens electric fields, preventing the use of usual domain control techniques. Here, the authors demonstrate that polar domains in GeTe can be manipulated using electrically generated heat shocks.
Exploring the Effect of Body Appreciation on the Relationship between Social Networking Site Usage and Body Dissatisfaction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of body appreciation on the relationship between social networking site usage and body dissatisfaction. An online questionnaire was used completed by 404 participants. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that social networking site usage is positively related to body dissatisfaction. However, this relationship is moderated by body appreciation, such that the effect of social appearance comparison on body dissatisfaction can be reduced as individuals experience more body appreciation.
Formulation for a novel inhaled peptide therapeutic for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

AbstractA caveolin-1 scaffolding domain, CSP7, is a newly developed peptide for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To develop a CSP7 formulation for further use we have obtained, characterized and compared a number of lyophilized formulations of CSP7 trifluoroacetate with DPBS and in combination with excipients (mannitol and lactose at molar ratios 1:5, 70 and 140). CSP7 trifluoroacetate was stable (>95%) in solution at 5 and 25 °C for up to 48 h and tolerated at least 5 freeze/thaw cycles. Lyophilized cakes of CSP7 trifluoroacetate with excipients were stable (>96%) for up to 4 weeks at room temperature (RT), and retained more than 98% of the CSP7 trifluoroacetate in the solution at 8 h after reconstitution at RT. The lyophilized CSP7 formulations were stable for up to 10 months at 5 °C protected from moisture. Exposure of the lyophilized cakes of CSP7 to 75% relative humidity (RH) resulted in an increase in the absorbed moisture, promoted crystallization of the excipients and induced revers...
Use of Zwitterionic Ligands in Uranyl Hybrid Materials: Explorations on the Structural Features that Control Water Ordering and Mobility

Development of novel materials for water purification and storage is reliant on our understanding of the interaction of water within solid-state materials and inspired by the high selectivity present in certain biological systems. The present study investigates the influence of zwitterionic ligands on water properties within hybrid materials through the synthesis and characterization of four novel coordination polymers built from the uranyl unit and an imidazolium dicarboxylate (Imd) linker. One of the compounds (UIM-5) hosts an infinite water chain of edge sharing hexamers and octamers of hydrogen bonded water molecules. The other three compounds (UIM-2A, 2B, 2C) make up a polymorphic system in which the guest water molecules are found in varying degrees of isolation. We further explore the expansive literature on uranyl hybrid materials to identify common water nets and possible structural features that may control water structure and properties.
Abstract 15971: Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Intra-Arrest Hypothermic Targeted Temperature Management

Objective: Mechanistic optimization of inta-arrest hypothermic-targeted temperature management (HTTM) is necessary for successful translation to clinical practice. Our study evaluates the potential...
A Neuronal piRNA Pathway Inhibits Axon Regeneration in C. elegans

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway has long been thought to function solely in the germline, but evidence for its functions in somatic cells is emerging. Here we report an unexpected role for the piRNA pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory axon regeneration after injury. Loss of function in a subset of components of the piRNA pathway results in enhanced axon regrowth. Two essential piRNA factors, PRDE-1 and PRG-1/PIWI, inhibit axon regeneration in a gonad-independent and cell-autonomous manner. By smFISH analysis we find that prde-1 transcripts are present in neurons, as well as germ cells. The piRNA pathway inhibits axon regrowth independent of nuclear transcriptional silencing but dependent on the slicer domain of PRG-1/PIWI, suggesting that post-transcriptional gene silencing is involved. Our results reveal the neuronal piRNA pathway as a novel intrinsic repressor of axon regeneration.
The role of zero-deforestation commitments in protecting and enhancing rural livelihoods

Many zero-deforestation commitments pledge to enhance social sustainability in commodity supply chains. We review zero-deforestation commitments, and the peer-reviewed and gray literature, to characterize the role of these commitments in protecting and enhancing the well-being of indigenous and traditional forest-dependent people, laborers, and smallholders. First, we find that social criteria in zero-deforestation commitments pertain to labor standards, land rights, and community consultation. Second, we find that few publications examine the impacts of zero-deforestation commitments on social outcomes. Of those few, most are gray literature reports that rely on field-intensive data-collection to evaluate compliance with social criteria. Third, we highlight opportunities for linking zero-deforestation commitments to certification programs, and for developing jurisdictional approaches to sustainable sourcing. Finally, we call for more research to better-understand the social dimensions of zero-deforestation commitments.
The Case for a Social Psychology of Creativity

In this surprisingly lyrical passage from his autobiography, Einstein sounds a theme that will be repeated throughout this book; largely because they affect motivation, social factors can have a powerful impact on creativity.
Healthcare Utilization and Cost Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.

Understanding the cost and healthcare utilization associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) treatment is particularly important as new alternative agents for CMV prevention and treatment such as letermovir and anti-CMV cytotoxic T lymphocytes become available. Literature on the impact of CMV-related hospitalization in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) pediatric patients is limited. We hypothesized that CMV infections post-alloHCT will result in increased length of stay (LOS) in hospital and higher healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to determine healthcare utilization and outcomes of CMV-related hospitalization in alloHCT patients using a single-center clinical database. This was a retrospective study of 240 children ages 3 months to 21 years old who were transplanted between 2005 and 2016. Impact of CMV-related length of stay and total healthcare costs were quantified. Factors associated with prolonged CMV viremia (>25 days) were also examined. The median age of patients was 9.5 years old. In at risk CMV patients, the incidence of CMV viremia was 38%, the median time to onset was 33 days (range 0-292 days), and the median time to resolution was 25 days (range 3-148 days). The median LOS in the first year post-alloHCT for patients with viremia was higher compared to those without viremia (101 days [range 25-319 days] vs 72 days [range 26-354 days], p In the regression analyses, the unadjusted association between CMV infection and LOS was 27.4 days (p=0.003). In multivariable analysis, patients with CMV infection had an average of 23.3 days (p=0.004) longer LOS compared to patients without infection [Table] and added hospital costs of US$45,443 (p=0.162) compared to patients without CMV infection. In multivariable analysis, alemtuzumab was associated with CMV viremia >25 days (p=0.027). In conclusion, CMV viremia is associated with prolonged LOS and higher healthcare costs and indicates a need for improved and cost-effective CMV prevention strategies. Further study into patient outcomes and costs in alloHCT pediatric populations is needed.
Data-driven approaches for damage-type classification in vibrating square plates

Acoustic radiation from a mechanical structure due to broadband forcing is inherently dependent on the structure’s material, geometry, boundary conditions, and mechanical status. Measurements of this acoustic or vibrational response can be used to detect mechanical changes (i.e., damage) when compared to known baseline measurements of the structure. Often, however, knowledge of the type of damage is useful for subsequent considerations. Even for relatively simple structures, like flat plates, the lack of simple solutions to problems involving localized damage makes analytical treatments challenging. This is further complicated since the location and severity of damage are typically unknown a priori. We present a data-driven approach for classification of various forms of damage—including cuts, localized mass changes, delamination, and boundary changes—in a vibrating clamped square plate. Frequency response curves are generated using FEA of a 30-by-30-by-0.3-cm aluminum plate with various types and severity of damage. Features (including changes in peak-locations, -amplitudes, and -widths compared to baseline) are extracted and used to train classifiers, with performance quantified using auxiliary test data. Comparisons are made between classifier types, including nearest neighbor methods, discriminant analysis, and support vector machines. [Work supported by NAVSEA through the NEEC and the US DoD through an NDSEG Fellowship].Acoustic radiation from a mechanical structure due to broadband forcing is inherently dependent on the structure’s material, geometry, boundary conditions, and mechanical status. Measurements of this acoustic or vibrational response can be used to detect mechanical changes (i.e., damage) when compared to known baseline measurements of the structure. Often, however, knowledge of the type of damage is useful for subsequent considerations. Even for relatively simple structures, like flat plates, the lack of simple solutions to problems involving localized damage makes analytical treatments challenging. This is further complicated since the location and severity of damage are typically unknown a priori. We present a data-driven approach for classification of various forms of damage—including cuts, localized mass changes, delamination, and boundary changes—in a vibrating clamped square plate. Frequency response curves are generated using FEA of a 30-by-30-by-0.3-cm aluminum plate with various types and severit...
Computational viscothermal acoustic study of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) perforated plates

Micro-perforated plates (MPP) are widely used as sound absorption materials in many noise control applications. Acoustic properties of the MPPs have been theoretically and experimentally studied for many years. The results of these studies are often used in the studies of MEMS devices with perforated plates. However, there exist differences in the physical dimensions of MPPs and MEMS perforated plates. The typical MPP perforation radius is in the range of 1 mm to 1 cm. For these dimensions and audio frequencies, the shear wave-number is much larger than 1. The dimensionless shear wave-number, which is an unsteady Reynolds number, is a measure for the ratio between inertial and viscous effects. Hence for typical MMPs, the inertial effects are dominant. However, the typical hole radius in the MEMS perforated plates is below 20 µm corresponding to subunit shear wave-numbers. Therefore, in MEMS perforated plates, the viscous effects are the dominant part of the impedance. In addition, typical MPPs have low porosities on the order of 1%, whereas typical MEMS perforated plates have high porosities in the range of 25% to 75%. In this work, viscous and thermal losses and also the end effects of the MEMS perforated plates are studied using the finite element method.Micro-perforated plates (MPP) are widely used as sound absorption materials in many noise control applications. Acoustic properties of the MPPs have been theoretically and experimentally studied for many years. The results of these studies are often used in the studies of MEMS devices with perforated plates. However, there exist differences in the physical dimensions of MPPs and MEMS perforated plates. The typical MPP perforation radius is in the range of 1 mm to 1 cm. For these dimensions and audio frequencies, the shear wave-number is much larger than 1. The dimensionless shear wave-number, which is an unsteady Reynolds number, is a measure for the ratio between inertial and viscous effects. Hence for typical MMPs, the inertial effects are dominant. However, the typical hole radius in the MEMS perforated plates is below 20 µm corresponding to subunit shear wave-numbers. Therefore, in MEMS perforated plates, the viscous effects are the dominant part of the impedance. In addition, typical MPPs have low po...
Single-cell analysis of antiviral neuroinflammatory responses in the mouse dorsal raphe nucleus

Neuroinflammatory processes have been implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, and limit the utility of viruses for gene delivery. Here we analyzed 60,212 single-cell RNA profiles to assess both global and cell type-specific transcriptional responses in the mouse dorsal raphe nucleus following axonal infection of neurons by rabies viruses. We identified several leukocyte populations, which infiltrate the brain, that are distinct from resident immune cells. Additionally, we uncovered transcriptionally distinct states of microglia along an activation trajectory that may serve different functions, ranging from surveillance to antigen presentation and cytokine secretion. Our study also provides a critical evaluation of the compatibility between rabies-mediated connectivity mapping and single-cell transcriptional profiling. These findings provide additional insights into the distinct contributions of various cell types in the antiviral response, and will serve as a resource for the design of strategies to circumvent immune responses to improve the efficacy of viral gene delivery.
Beyond Rust: Metropolitain Pittsburgh and the Fate of Industrial America by Allen Dietrich-Ward

Pittsburgh has become the model of a successful transition from an industrial past to a post-industrial present and future. Once the Steel City, it is now a seat of technological and bio-medical know-how and innovation. This new identity was given formal recognition on the world stage when the Obama administration selected it as the host site for the 2009 G-20 summit. How Pittsburgh accomplished this transition is the subject of Allen Dietrich-Ward’s new book Beyond Rust .