cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interannual dynamics and phenology of bacterial communities in a eutrophic lake

We investigated patterns of intra- and interannual change in pelagic bacterial community composition (BCC, assessed using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) over six years in eutrophic Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. A regular phenology was repeated across years, implying that freshwater bacterial communities are more predictable in their dynamics than previously thought. Seasonal events, such as water column mixing and trends in water temperature, were most strongly related to BCC variation. Communities became progressively less similar across years between the months of May and September, when the lake was thermally stratified. Dissolved oxygen and nitrate + nitrite concentrations were highly correlated to BCC change within and across seasons. The relationship between BCC and seasonal drivers suggests that trajectories of community change observed over long time series will reflect large-scale climate variation.
Results from TOTEM and ALFA

Results from TOTEM and ALFA 1 The ALFA detector [1] [2] [3] [4] 2 The TOTEM detector [5] [6] 3 The TOTEM physics results [7] [8] References 1. F. Anghinolfi et al., JINST 2 (2007) P07004 2. B. Di Girolamo, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A581 (2007) 526 – 530 3. P. Jenni et al., ATLAS Forward Detectors for Mea- surement of Elastic Scattering and Luminosity (CERN, Geneva 2008) CERN-LHCC-2008-004 4. S. Franz and P. Barillon, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A610 (2009) 35 – 40 5. V. Berardi et al. ((TOTEM Collaboration), Total cross- section, elastic scattering and diffraction dissociation at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN : TOTEM Techni- cal Design Report (CERN, Geneva 2004) CERN-LHCC- 2004-002 6. G. Anelli et al. (TOTEM Collaboration), JINST 3 (2008) S08007 7. G. Antchev et al. (TOTEM Collaboration), Europhys. Lett. 95 (2011) 41001 8. G. Antchev et al. (TOTEM Collaboration), Europhys. Lett. 96 (2011) 21002 a e-mail: Karsten.Eggert@cern.ch EPJ Web of Conferences DOI: 10.1051/ C © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2012 , epjconf 20122 / 28 02002 (2012) 802002 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article available at http://www.epj-conferences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122802002
Adoption of infant howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).

During 3 years of continuous field observations on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata Gray) in Costa Rica we observed five infants without mothers in the main study group. Four of these infants solicited care and two were adopted (one permanently, one temporarily) by lactating females. The other two were carried but not adopted. The fifth neither solicited nor received care. An infant must solicit care to receive care, and female howlers apparently can suckle more than one infant at a time.
GABA efflux from synaptosomes: Effects of membrane potential, and external GABA and cations

Presynaptic GABAergic nerve terminals accumulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by a sodium-dependent carrier mechanism in which two Na+ are co-transported with one GABA. We have examined the influence of external GABA and cations on GABA efflux from 3H-GABA loaded rat brain synaptosomes, to determine whether or not the carriers can also mediate GABA efflux. We observed that, in Ca-free media (to minimize Ca-dependent, evoked release), external GABA promotes GABA efflux when the medium contains Na+, but inhibits GABA efflux in the absence of Na+. The efflux of GABA into Ca-free media is stimulated by depolarization (either with veratridine or increased external K+). These data, and published data on the internal Na+ dependence of GABA efflux into Ca-free media, indicate that exiting GABA is cotransported with Na+. The stimulatory effect of depolarization is consistent with efflux of Na+ along with the uncharged GABA. The (carrier-mediated) efflux is also stimulated when the carriers cycle inward with Na+ + GABA. The inhibitory effect of GABA in Na+-free media implies that GABA can bind to unloaded carriers and that the carriers loaded only with GABA cycle very slowly, if at all. Our data, and data from the literature, can be fitted to a simple model with sequential binding of solutes: external GABA binds to the carrier first, and only the free or fully-loaded (with 2Na+ + 1GABA) carriers can cycle. Other binding sequences and random binding, do not fit the experimental observations.
Pattern Recognition, Functionals, and Entropy

Pattern recognition (including sound recognition) is described mathematically as the problem to compute for any element of a given class its image in a classification set. The difficulty lies in the fact that the map may be implicitly defined by a property or must be extrapolated from prototypes. An entropy measure and an equivocation measure are defined that permit an assessment of the improvement gained (and the price in confusion paid) by a set of Linear ``features'' are identified as measures and L 2 functions, respectively. It is shown that certain important normalizations (position, size, pitch, etc.) are nonlinear operations. Finally, the method of spectral analysis which is widely used for speech analysis is examined critically. It is shown that contrary to common belief Fourier analysis is not very suitable for detecting certain speech particles (consonants, stops, etc.).
The importance of community participation

At a 1986 Economic Development Institute (EDI)-sponsored workshop, the value of community participation in development projects was emphasized, including greater possibilities for project efficiency and effectiveness, cost-recovery, social acceptability, and sustainability. Among the possible dangers brought out at the workshop were included: delays, additional costs, sabotage by powerful economic or social groups, hostility to or distrust of the government, intensification of community conflicts, and diversion of benefits to the well-established rather than to women or the disadvantaged. Some of these potential problems can be reduced by careful research, flexible project design, appropriate technology and two-way flows of communication. For projects to be effective, more research, training, information dissemination, and interorganizational coordination may be essential, in which EDI could play a role.
Vanadyl Bis(acetylacetonate)

[3153-26-2] C10H14O5V (MW 265.18) InChI = 1S/2C5H8O2.O.V/c2*1-4(6)3-5(2)7;;/h2*3,6H,1-2H3;;/q;;;+2/p-2/b2*4-3-;; InChIKey = JFHJZWAQYMGNBE-SUKNRPLKSA-L (precatalyst for oxidation of several functional groups in combination with alkyl hydroperoxides or oxygen;1 especially useful for the regio- and diastereoselective epoxidation of allylic alcohols,2 the oxidation of tertiary amines to N-oxides,3 and the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides4 using an alkyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant) Alternative Name: bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV). Physical Data: mp 235 °C (dec); d 1.50 g cm−3. Solubility: insol H2O; sol EtOH, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, C6H6. This reagent can be used in CH2Cl2, CHCl3, C6H6, toluene, DMF, EtOH, and CH3CN. Form Supplied in: blue-green crystals; widely available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: generally used without further purification. Can be handled safely in the open. Should be stored in a cool, dry place in the absence of light. Contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes should be avoided. Toxic if swallowed. Generally performs best as an oxidation catalyst when used under anhydrous conditions. Oxidants contaminated with H2O such as 70% t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) are therefore usually dried prior to use with VO(acac)2.
On Robust Weighted-Sum Rate Maximization in MIMO Interference Networks

This paper studies the \emph{robust weighted-sum rate} optimization problem in the presence of channel uncertainty over a $K$-user Gaussian Interference Channel (GIFC), where multiple antennas are present at all transmitters and receivers. Motivated by recent results on \emph{interference alignment} that show the optimality of linear precoders and simple receivers in achieving the maximum degrees-of-freedom available in the GIFC, we consider linear transmit precoding and two simple decoding schemes: single-stream decoding and single-user decoding. The resulting precoder design problems are then posed as specific optimization problems. Unfortunately, due to the hardness of these problems, optimal solutions cannot be efficiently obtained. Instead of resorting to ad-hoc algorithms, we show that it is possible to design algorithms using a systematic approach. Towards this end, this paper develops new provably convergent iterative algorithms for precoder design through ingenious sub-problem formulations such that each of these sub-problems can be solved optimally. The sub-problems are solved in closed-form for certain cases and formulated as standard convex problems for the rest. To complement these contributions on achievable schemes, we generalize the genie-MAC outer bounding technique to incorporate channel uncertainty using notions of compound-MAC capacity and then obtain computable outer bounds using an alternating optimization approach. Thus, we introduce one of the first approaches to obtain tighter outer bounds on the capacity region of the GIFC in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Inverse rate-dependent prandtl-ishlinskii model for hysteresis nonlinearities compensation

Inverse of the rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model is proposed to compensate rate-dependent hysteresis effects in smart actuators. The rate-dependent hysteresis properties of a piezoceramic actuator were characterized using the rate-dependent play operators and a dynamic density function. The inverse model is subsequently obtained analytically from the rate-dependent play operators and a dynamic density function. The effectiveness of the analytical inverse is demonstrated by its implementation as a feed-forward compensator to mitigate the rate-dependent hysteresis effects over a wide frequency range of actuator input. The proposed model resulted in exact inversion and thus could be quite attractive for compensating the hysteresis effects of smart actuators in real-time applications.
A simple coefficient test for cubic permutation polynomials over integer rings

Permutation polynomials have been extensively studied but simple coefficient tests for permutation polynomials over integer rings are only known for limited cases. In this letter, a simple necessary and sufficient coefficient test is proven for cubic permutation polynomials over integer rings. A possible application is in the design of interleavers for turbo codes.
Left axis deviation in tricuspid atresia and single ventricle; the electrocardiogram in 36 autopsied cases.

The electrocardiograms from 28 unselected autopsied cases of tricuspid atresia, and eight autopsied cases of single ventricle were analysed: only those cases of single ventricle which showed left axis deviation were included. Electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular preponderance in the precordial and unipolar limb leads was found in 27 of the 28 cases of tricuspid atresia, and three of the eight of single ventricle: In only two cases of single ventricle was the electrocardiogram identical with that seen in tricuspid atresia, and in one of them tricuspid stenosis was present. Right auricular hypertrophy as evidenced by high peaked P waves, together with presystolic hepatic pulsations occurred in tricuspid atresia in those instances in which, at autopsy, the interauricular communication was found to be small.
ODMR of Shallow Donors in Zn-Doped Lec-Grown InP

ODMR spectra observed while monitoring the shallow donor-shallow acceptor pair emission in Zn-doped LEC-grown InP display strong features in the region near the conduction electron value of g=1.20. In addition to a previously observed narrow line, we observe a much broader resonance which dominates at low photoexcitation intensity. This broader line is interpreted as the unresolved exchange split resonances of electrons bound to residual shallow donors. The exchange broadening arises from interactions with nearby paramagnetic centers. Both resonances result in a decrease in the shallow-donor-to-shallow-acceptor radiative recombination and give evidence for pair recombination processes which compete with this emission.
Determinants of US foreign policy in multilateral development banks The place of human rights

The purpose of this study is to identify and explain recent US human rights policy in the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). Foreign aid, whether distributed directly (bilateral aid) or indirectly through multilateral institutions such as the MDBs, is one of several tools through which the USA furthers its human rights policy. Several studies show the conflicted human rights policies the USA pursues with bilateral aid, but very few examine the role of human rights in US multilateral aid policy. It is this deficit that the present study addresses by examining what factors determine how the USA votes on proposals before the Executive Board in the various MDBs. Using a multinomial logistic regression model I test whether US votes in the MDBs are conditioned on recipient countries’ respect for human rights along with other strategic interest variables. The study finds that respect for political rights has an important role in determining US votes in the MDBs although much of the impact is accounted for by...
SCIATIC PAIN: ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CAUDA EQUINA TUMORS

In none of these four cases of "sciatica", in which cauda equina neoplasms were discovered and removed, was there any motor, sensory, reflex, or sphincter disturbance when the diagnosis was made. In each case the diagnosis was established by the combined study of the spinal fluid and intraspinal lipiodol injection.
Lethal time of insecticides on the predator mite Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) following topical exposure

Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an efficient predator of the European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi (Koch); Acari: Tetranychidae) in Michigan, United States of America apple orchards and an important part of integrated pest management. Four reduced-risk insecticides (acetamiprid, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and novaluron) and two conventional insecticides (esfenvalerate and carbaryl) were tested against N. fallacis for topical toxicity effects. Bioassays using a Potter spray tower were conducted to measure the topical toxicity of compounds when applied at field rate concentrations to N. fallacis. Lethal time was measured for adult N. fallacis at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatment. Carbaryl and esfenvalerate showed the highest levels of toxicity to adult N. fallacis with shortest lethal time values (LT50) whereas the reduced risk insecticides novaluron, acetamiprid, spinetoram, and chlorantraniliprole were nontoxic. This study provides important information to apple growers regarding direct lethal effect of insecticides on predator mites and its implications to integrated mite management.
Firing of a Pulse and its Control Using a Novel Floating Electrode Bi-Resistive Device

A novel resistive device with a floating electrode (RFED) has been manufactured as a stack of layers Cu/TaO x /Pt/TaO x /Cu in a crossbar array comprising two single resistive switches merged antiserially at the common inert Pt floating electrode. The device exhibits four states HRS/HRS, HRS/LRS, LRS/HRS and LRS/LRS, where HRS and LRS are the high and low resistance states, respectively, with only LRS/LRS being fully conductive. When the voltage on one Cu electrode is increased to a value V th-on(A) , a conductive nanofilament (CF) in switch A is formed, while suppressing CF formation in switch B. When the voltage is then extended to negative bias, a sudden jump in the I-V characteristics is observed at V th-on(B) , when the 2 nd CF in switch B is formed rendering the RFED device fully conductive. If the current surge just after the formation of CF in 2 nd switch exceeds the reset current of the 1 st CF, the 1 st CF ruptures shortly thereafter, i.e. the conductive state is destroyed as soon as it has been created. This property proves valuable for applications in neural networks where a generation of a current pulse at a critical threshold is required. The height and the time width of the firing pulse is an inherent property of the device and can be controlled by the parameters of the individual switches and their set/reset operations.
Digital Control of the Active Power Filter

This paper presents the digital control of an active power filter in which the DSP is applied for signal processing.A simulation model is established by the Power System Toolbox of Matlab to verify the design result.
Physiological and Theoretical Analysis of K+ Currents Controlling Discharge in Neonatal Rat Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons

Del Negro, Christopher A. and Scott H. Chandler. Physiological and theoretical analysis of K+ currents controlling discharge in neonatal rat mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 5...
Spaziergang in das Feld

Seht, da ist Lust und Leben auf dem Felde. Der Landmann hat zwar schwere Arbeit, aber er streicht sich den Schweis aus dem Gesicht, ist frohlich und singt ein munteres Lied. Hei, wie die blanken Sensen rauschen und die langen, schweren Halme zu Boden sinken! — Der eine Schnitter da wetzt mit dem Wetzstein seine Sense, denn sie mus scharf sein, wenn sie viele Halme auf einen Hieb zerschneiden soll.
Association Between Learning Environment Interventions and Medical Student Well-being: A Systematic Review.

Importance Concerns exist about the current quality of undergraduate medical education and its effect on students’ well-being. Objective To identify best practices for undergraduate medical education learning environment interventions that are associated with improved emotional well-being of students. Data Sources Learning environment interventions were identified by searching the biomedical electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ERIC from database inception dates to October 2016. Studies examined any intervention designed to promote medical students’ emotional well-being in the setting of a US academic medical school, with an outcome defined as students’ reports of well-being as assessed by surveys, semistructured interviews, or other quantitative methods. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles. Data were extracted into tables to summarize results. Study quality was assessed by the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERQSI), which has a possible range of 5 to 18; higher scores indicate higher design and methods quality and a score of 14 or higher indicates a high-quality study. Findings Twenty-eight articles including at least 8224 participants met eligibility criteria. Study designs included single-group cross-sectional or posttest only (n = 10), single-group pretest/posttest (n = 2), nonrandomized 2-group (n = 13), and randomized clinical trial (n = 3); 89.2% were conducted at a single site, and the mean MERSQI score for all studies was 10.3 (SD, 2.11; range, 5-13). Studies encompassed a variety of interventions, including those focused on pass/fail grading systems (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 12.0), mental health programs (n = 4; mean MERSQI score, 11.9), mind-body skills programs (n = 7; mean MERSQI score, 11.3), curriculum structure (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 9.5), multicomponent program reform (n = 5; mean MERSQI score, 9.4), wellness programs (n = 4; mean MERSQI score, 9.0), and advising/mentoring programs (n = 3; mean MERSQI score, 8.2). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, limited evidence suggested that some specific learning environment interventions were associated with improved emotional well-being among medical students. However, the overall quality of the evidence was low, highlighting the need for high-quality medical education research.
Identifying demographic and psychosocial factors related to the escalation of smoking behavior among Mexican American adolescents

Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States; smoking in Mexican American adolescents, a rapidly growing population, remains a major concern. Factors associated with escalation or progression along the smoking trajectory have not been studied in adolescent Mexican Americans. A better understanding of escalation is needed for cancer prevention and overall health. N=1,328 Mexican American adolescents joined a cohort in 2005-06. At baseline participants provided demographic, acculturation and psychosocial data, and reported their smoking status using the Minnesota Smoking Index. Those that never tried a cigarette or only had a few puffs in their life were included in this study. The primary outcome of interest, escalation in smoking status, was defined as moving up the Minnesota Smoking Index by 2010-2011. The current analysis is based on 973 participants of whom 48.2% were male, mean age=11.8 (SD=0.8), and 26.0% were born in Mexico. By 2010-2011, 283 (29%) escalated their smoking status and 690 (71%) remained the same. Being older (OR=1.30; CI=1.07-1.57), male (OR=1.88, CI=1.40-2.53), having higher levels of anxiety (OR=1.03, CI=1.02-1.05), intending to smoke (OR=1.70, CI=1.18-2.46), having friends who smoke (OR=1.73, CI=1.12-2.70) and having parents' friends who smoke (OR=1.38, CI=1.02-1.88) increased risk for smoking escalation. Higher levels of subjective social status (OR=0.91, CI=0.83-0.99) were protective against smoking escalation. Contrasting previous work in smoking experimentation, parents' friends influence was a stronger predictor than the family household influence. Preventative interventions for Mexican American youth could address this risk factor to reduce smoking escalation.
Mainstream Versus Ethnic Media: How They Shape Ethnic Pride and Self-Esteem Among Ethnic Minority Audiences

This article explores the underlying processes that influence the ways in which mainstream and ethnic media shape ethnic minority audiences’ self-concepts. Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented and presented in stereotypical and negative ways in mainstream popular U.S. culture, while ethnic media tend to represent them in more diverse and auspicious ways. This study uses survey methodology to simultaneously assess the differential effects of mainstream and ethnic media on ethnic minorities. Specifically, it tests the role of mainstream media and ethnic media in influencing ethnic pride, self-esteem, and ethnic performance (behavioral expression of one’s ethnic identity) among Indian Americans. Results from path analyses reveal that whereas mainstream media is associated with decreased self-esteem, ethnic media use is associated with increased ethnic pride and ethnic performance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Abstract 2710: Molecular and clinical characteristics of IGHV4-34 expressing classic and variant HCL

Classic hairy cell leukemia (HCLc) is a B-cell malignancy with distinctive immunophenotype, typically expressing CD20, CD22, CD25, CD11c, CD103, CD123, annexin A1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and BRAF V600E mutation. Purine analog therapy is highly effective with complete remission rates of approximately 85% in first line. HCL variant (HCLv) is recognized as a distinct entity, lacking CD25 and usually lacking annexin A1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression, CD123, and also lacks the BRAF V600E mutation. Patients respond poorly to purine analogs, with partial response in less than 50% and relatively poor overall survival from diagnosis. HCLc expressing B-cell receptor (BCR) with the IGHV4-34 immunoglobulin rearrangement has a poor prognosis like HCLv, whether immunophenotypically consistent with HCLv or HCLc, and also lacks BRAF V600E. We previously reported a series of 17 patients expressing IGHV4-34, immunophenotypically resembling HCLc in 7 and HCLv in 10 cases. Using routine deep sequencing of patient samples for immunoglobulin rearrangements, we have been able to accumulate 42 IGHV4-34 expressing cases including 23 classic HCL and 19 HCLv. Six (26%) of 23 HCLc vs 12 (63%) of 19 HCLv were truly unmutated, with VH gene germline identity (GI) 100%. Eleven (48%) of 23 HCLc and 7 (37%) of 19 HCLv were borderline-mutated (97≤GI 98.7% for the remaining 22 cases (p Citation Format: Evgeny Arons, Katherine Potocka, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Hong Zhou, Mark Raffeld, Mark Sokolsky, Sarah Davies, Robert J. Kreitman. Molecular and clinical characteristics of IGHV4-34 expressing classic and variant HCL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2710. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2710
The Institute of Resilient Communities

Resilience is the key to a prosperous global and modern society; Efforts to mitigate physical damage, economic loss, and to protect social and political infrastructures in response to catastrophic events, such as a nuclear accident or a natural disaster, are essential for communities to survive and thrive in the aftermath of such incidents. The 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident serves as an example of the risks associated with advanced technologies and the need to minimize physical as well as psychological effects on local and global communities. Other examples can be found reflecting the misperception of risks including concerns associated with vaccination or genetically modified organisms. While we have to recognize the risks associated with the development, implementation, and utilization of advanced technologies, we also have to recognize that the impact of not adopting them can have much more detrimental effects to individuals, communities, and even societies. We have established the Institute for Resilient Communities in Berkeley, CA in collaboration with Japanese partners to address the needs for better scientific and technological capabilities to assess, predict, and minimize the impact of disruptive events in the future and to enhance the understanding of associated risks to the public. While the initial focus resides in radiological resilience and is closely related to the events in Fukushima more than 5 years ago, the goal is to establish a broader framework for researchers, educators, and communities to enhance resilience locally and globally together.
Propensity to trust salespeople: A contingent multilevel-multisource examination

Abstract As sales strategies continue to shift toward long-term partnerships, the influence of trust between buyers and sellers as a building block that facilitates relationship development is increasingly important. While considerable work has been done on the formation of trust, scant research exists on how characteristics of the salesperson and customer jointly influence customer trust in the salesperson. In this paper, the authors investigate the role of customers' existing propensity to trust salespeople in determining their trust of salespeople in newly-formed business-to-business (B2B) relationships. The authors also examine the interactive effects of salesperson characteristics – relational customer orientation and adaptive selling – which moderate this relationship. Multilevel-multisource data from 131 newly-acquired customer key informants and 47 B2B salespeople are utilized to assess the model. Findings show a mixture of salesperson characteristics that accentuate and attenuate the association between customers' preexisting tendencies to trust salespeople and their actual trust in the salesperson.
Improving large-scale hierarchical classification by rewiring: a data-driven filter based approach

Hierarchical Classification (HC) is a supervised learning problem where unlabeled instances are classified into a taxonomy of classes. Several methods that utilize the hierarchical structure have been developed to improve the HC performance. However, in most cases apriori defined hierarchical structure by domain experts is inconsistent; as a consequence performance improvement is not noticeable in comparison to flat classification methods. We propose a scalable data-driven filter based rewiring approach to modify an expert-defined hierarchy. Experimental comparisons of top-down hierarchical classification with our modified hierarchy, on a wide range of datasets shows classification performance improvement over the baseline hierarchy (i.e., defined by expert), clustered hierarchy and flattening based hierarchy modification approaches. In comparison to existing rewiring approaches, our developed method (rewHier) is computationally efficient, enabling it to scale to datasets with large numbers of classes, instances and features. We also show that our modified hierarchy leads to improved classification performance for classes with few training samples in comparison to flat and state-of-the-art hierarchical classification approaches. Source Code: https://cs.gmu.edu/~mlbio/TaxMod/
Nonlinear Continuous Dynamical Systems

In this Chapter, basic concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems will be presented as a review material. Local theory, global theory and bifurcation theory of nonlinear dynamical systems will be discussed. The stability switching and bifurcation on specific eigenvectors of the linearized system at equilibrium will be presented. The higher singularity and stability for nonlinear systems on the specific eigenvectors will be developed. In addition, a periodically excited Duffing oscillator with cubic damping and constant force will be discussed as an application. The stability of approximate periodic solutions of such a Duffing oscillator will be discussed.
Dance Exposure Tracking in a Liberal Arts Collegiate Dance Department

Dancers in a liberal arts program of study are an underrepresented group in the field of dance science and dance education literature. Dancers in this environment come with a broad range of...
Biomechanical contributions of upper cervical ligamentous structures in Type II odontoid fractures

Fractures of the odontoid present frequently in spinal trauma, and Type II odontoid fractures, occurring at the junction of the odontoid process and C2 vertebrae, represent the bulk of all traumatic odontoid fractures. It is currently unclear what soft-tissue stabilizers contribute to upper cervical motion in the setting of a Type II odontoid fracture, and evaluation of how concomitant injury contributes to cervical stability may inform surgical decision-making as well as allow for the creation of future, accurate, biomechanical models of the upper cervical spine. The objective of the current study was to determine the contribution of soft-tissue stabilizers in the upper cervical spine following a Type II odontoid fracture. Eight cadaveric C0-C2 specimens were evaluated using a robotic testing system with motion tracking. The unilateral facet capsule (UFC) and anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) were serially resected to determine their biomechanical role following odontoid fracture. Range of motion (ROM) and moment at the end of intact specimen replay were the primary outcomes. We determined that fracture of the odontoid significantly increases motion and decreases resistance to intact motion for flexion-extension (FE), axial rotation (AR), and lateral bending (LB). Injury to the UFC increased AR by 3.2° and FE by 3.2°. ALL resection did not significantly increase ROM or decrease end-point moment. The UFC was determined to contribute to 19% of intact flexion resistance and 24% of intact AR resistance. Overall, we determined that Type II fracture of the odontoid is a significant biomechanical destabilizer and that concurrent injury to the UFC further increases upper cervical ROM and decreases resistance to motion in a cadaveric model of traumatic Type II odontoid fractures.
Soft drink consumption during and following exercise in the heat elevates biomarkers of acute kidney injury.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that consuming a soft drink (i.e., a high-fructose, caffeinated beverage) during and following exercise in the heat elevates biomarkers of acute...
Does Fast Food Last Forever? Exploring the Mold Myth

The abundance of online resources that students have access to makes it difficult to determine whether the information they find is accurate. Several online sources have claimed that hamburgers from fast-food chains do not decompose, and we developed two exercises that allow students to (1) test this claim, (2) learn about fungi, and (3) reflect on their eating habits. In both exercises, we inoculated fast-food items with the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. The first exercise was a controlled experiment with hamburgers, and the second was a screening trial in which all students brought in their own fast-food items. In both exercises, animal-based products and fatty baked products (e.g., biscuits) allowed R. stolonifer to grow, while condiments and bread products tended to inhibit growth. Our students indicated that they would be more critical of online information and that they would eat less fast food. These exercises met our objectives and engaged our students, and we encourage others to develop exercises that examine online claims.
From Tick Bite to Heart Failure: Ehrlichial Myocarditis.

Abstract Cardiac involvement in myocarditis induced by Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis infection is an incredibly uncommon complication with sparsely available literature. Also, this case highlights the importance of early recognition as a first step in management.
Failure to Thrive and Nasal Obstruction

Patients with infection caused by unusual or catalase-positive organisms such as Serratia marcescens should be evaluated for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Disease surveillance using online news: Dengue and zika in tropical countries.

Abstract Background Around the world in tropical areas, certain vector-borne diseases have become endemic and hyperendemic. Among the developing nations, there are common difficulties in establishing the incidences of various diseases, especially vector-borne diseases with complex etiologies and a broad spectrum of presentations. One alternative approach to characterization of the disease outbreaks examines the possibilities of developing proxy information from online news articles. Such sources are being evaluated for applications to disease surveillance, early outbreak detection, and epidemiology research. Our study here looks to examine the potential of news articles in elucidating outbreaks of dengue in India and zika disease in Brazil. Objective This study is designed to assess the potential usefulness of news articles in tracking case numbers of dengue and zika through an improved understanding of how news outlets report on disease. We specifically examine the possibilities of providing near real-time reporting on the development of outbreaks of dengue and zika. Methods Newspaper articles related to dengue fever and zika disease in India and Brazil, respectively were extracted from the LexisNexis database. We targeted news articles available from five popular international news sources and two local newspapers in each country. The news articles were processed to provide yearly and weekly time series in the number of articles concerned with dengue and zika to test their potential suitability as proxies for disease prevalence. The collections of articles were analyzed using a text mining tool-kit that subdivides a collections of news articles into smaller clusters to study the topical focus of articles and their relevance to tracking diseases. Results For dengue fever in India, the local newspapers provide a better source of information than international newspapers. The multi-year analysis (2010–2016) suggests that the numbers of dengue cases are strongly correlated with the numbers of news reports, with an R2 value of 0.88. For zika disease in Brazil, the news reports provided useful information on the timing of the zika outbreak. Reporting increase sharply at the beginning of 2016, peaked in weeks 5 to 8, and decreased sharply. The numbers of articles remained low for the remainder of 2016 and 2017. Comparisons with reported case again show article numbers to be a useful proxy of prevalence of zika in Brazil. Conclusions The paper describes a strategy that applies newspaper as proxies to monitor outbreaks of infectious diseases and to study the epidemiology. It has potential applicability in some developing countries and regions with relatively poor medical infrastructures and records. Clearly, large national newspapers in India provide a better source of information on diseases than international outlets. This approach has potential with selected diseases in a few selected countries. Article numbers internationally appear to vary in proportion to the perceived health impact.
Emergency department management of traumatic brain injuries: A resource tiered review

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability globally with an estimated African incidence of approximately 8 million cases annually. A person suffering from a TBI is often aged 20–30, contributing to sustained disability and large negative economic impacts of TBI. Effective emergency care has the potential to decrease morbidity from this multisystem trauma. Objectives Identify and summarize key recommendations for emergency care of patients with traumatic brain injuries using a resource tiered framework. Methods A literature review was conducted on clinical care of brain-injured patients in resource-limited settings, with a focus on the first 48 h of injury. Using the AfJEM resource tiered review and PRISMA guidelines, articles were identified and used to describe best practice care and management of the brain-injured patient in resource-limited settings. Key recommendations Optimal management of the brain-injured patient begins with early and appropriate triage. A complete history and physical can identify high-risk patients who present with mild or moderate TBI. Clinical decision rules can aid in the identification of low-risk patients who require no neuroimaging or only a brief period of observation. The management of the severely brain-injured patient requires a systematic approach focused on the avoidance of secondary injury, including hypotension, hypoxia, and hypoglycaemia. Most interventions to prevent secondary injury can be implemented at all facility levels. Urgent neuroimaging is recommended for patients with severe TBI followed by consultation with a neurosurgeon and transfer to an intensive care unit. The high incidence and poor outcomes of traumatic brain injury in Africa make this subject an important focus for future research and intervention to further guide optimal clinical care.
Infrared absorption near the bandgap in the InAs/InAsSb superlattice

We have studied infrared absorption near the bandgap energy in mid-wavelength (MWIR) III-V photon detectors built in the nBn configuration. The absorbing material is the InAs/InAsSb superlattice. We show that in a practical device near the infrared (IR) cutoff, the spectral response curve as a function of photon energy is proportional to the absorption coefficient, to a good approximation. Thus, in the near-gap range, the energy dependence of the device spectral response is a reliable proxy for the energy dependence of the absorption coefficient. We demonstrate this by means of an expansion of the Hovel equations in powers of the product of the absorption coefficient and hole diffusion length. One application of this result is that the point of maximum slope of the spectral response curve can be used to locate the true bandgap energy. This result also facilitates a study of absorption in the Urbach tail, which occurs at sub-gap energies. The temperature dependence of the Urbach steepness parameter was found to be consistent with the dominant phonon energy of InAs.
Temperature distribution in a multi-layer cylinder with circumferentially-varying convective heat transfer boundary conditions

Abstract Theoretical modeling of thermal conduction in a multilayer cylinder has been studied in multiple past papers due to its significance in engineering applications such as nuclear engineering, energy storage and sensing. Most past papers have assumed a constant convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the cylinder. However, a circumferentially varying heat transfer coefficient may be appropriate in several applications due to the distributed nature of fluid flow around the cylinder. This paper presents a theoretical model for steady-state thermal conduction in a multilayer cylinder with circumferentially-varying convective heat transfer coefficient on the cylinder surface. The theoretical model is presented for both solid and annular cylinders. A series solution is derived for the temperature distribution in each layer by using the convective boundary condition(s) to derive a set of linear algebraic equations for the coefficients of the inner-most layer. Results are shown to be in good agreement with numerical simulations and with closed-form solutions for special cases. The impact of various problem parameters, such as internal heat generation rate and thermal contact resistances on the temperature distribution is analyzed. It is expected that the results presented in this work will improve the theoretical understanding of multilayer heat transfer and be of practical use in multiple engineering applications.
On coupled dynamics and regime shifts in coupled human–water systems

Social and hydrological dynamics are coupled, nonlinear, and complex. To clarify and enhance our understanding of such dynamics, we developed a stylized model that combines hydrological and social ...
Utility of routinely collected electronic health records data to support effectiveness evaluations in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study of tofacitinib.

Author(s): Rudrapatna, Vivek Ashok; Glicksberg, Benjamin Scott; Butte, Atul Janardhan | Abstract: ObjectivesElectronic health records (EHR) are receiving growing attention from regulators, biopharmaceuticals and payors as a potential source of real-world evidence. However, their suitability for the study of diseases with complex activity measures is unclear. We sought to evaluate the use of EHR data for estimating treatment effectiveness in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), using tofacitinib as a use case.MethodsRecords from the University of California, San Francisco (6/2012 to 4/2019) were queried to identify tofacitinib-treated IBD patients. Disease activity variables at baseline and follow-up were manually abstracted according to a preregistered protocol. The proportion of patients meeting the endpoints of recent randomised trials in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) was assessed.Results86 patients initiated tofacitinib. Baseline characteristics of the real-world and trial cohorts were similar, except for universal failure of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the former. 54% (UC) and 62% (CD) of patients had complete capture of disease activity at baseline (month -6 to 0), while only 32% (UC) and 69% (CD) of patients had complete follow-up data (month 2 to 8). Using data imputation, we estimated the proportion achieving the trial primary endpoints as being similar to the published estimates for both UC (16%, p value=0.5) and CD (38%, p-value=0.8).Discussion/conclusionThis pilot study reproduced trial-based estimates of tofacitinib efficacy despite its use in a different cohort but revealed substantial missingness in routinely collected data. Future work is needed to strengthen EHR data and enable real-world evidence in complex diseases like IBD.
Factors associated with the implementation of the Familias Unidas intervention in a type 3 translational trial

This study highlights how Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, evidence-based, family centered preventive intervention, progressed from intervention development (type 1 translation; T1) through rigorous evaluation (T2) and examines the role of intervention fidelity-adherence and competence-in a T3 trial. Effects of participant, provider, and organizational variables on direct (observational) and indirect (self-reported) fidelity were examined as were effects of fidelity. Two structural equation models were estimated using data from 367 Hispanic parent-adolescent dyads randomized to Familias Unidas. Facilitator perceptions of parental involvement in schools, school performance grade, and school socioeconomic status predicted indirect adherence ratings, which were positively related to adolescent substance use. Facilitator openness to evidence-based practices was associated with indirect competence ratings, school performance grade and size were associated with direct competence ratings, and direct competence ratings were negatively associated with substance use. Findings highlight unique contributions of direct and indirect fidelity ratings in the implementation of Familias Unidas.
Non‐invasive screening of diabetics in primary care for NAFLD and advanced fibrosis by MRI and MRE

SummaryBackground Current guidelines do not recommend screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or advanced fibrosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to be at increased risk for NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Aim To assess the feasibility in diabetics in a primary care setting of screening for NAFLD and advanced fibrosis, by using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the hepatic proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to estimate hepatic stiffness. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective study that included 100 (53% men) consecutively enrolled diabetics who did not have any other aetiology of liver disease. All patients underwent a standardised research visit, laboratory tests, MRI-PDFF, and MRE. Results Mean (±s.d.) age and body mass index (BMI) was 59.7 (±11.2) years and 30.8 (±6.5) kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD (defined as MRI-PDFF ≥5%) and advanced fibrosis (defined as MRE ≥3.6 kPa) was 65% and 7.1%, respectively. One patient with advanced fibrosis had definite hepatocellular carcinoma. When compared to those without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD were younger (P = 0.028) and had higher mean BMI (P = 0.0008), waist circumference (P < 0.0001) and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (84.6% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.0001). Only 26% of those with NAFLD had elevated alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that T2DM has significant rates of both NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Concomitant screening for NAFLD and advanced fibrosis by using MRI-proton density fat fraction and magnetic resonance elastography in T2DM is feasible and may be considered after validation in a larger cohort.
Thermal longevity of nano-multilayer magnetic media

A common concern about the use of particles a few nanometers in size is their stability. This paper addresses a technique for estimating the longevity on the basis of measurements that can be made in a reasonable time. Using the recently developed Preisach-Arrhenius model, the decay rate can be quantified using the chemical potential. Measurements in Co/Pt multilayer media have shown that at room temperature the fluctuating field is 2.61 mT. Since at room temperature, the entire decay can be seen when a field near the coercivity is applied, the longevity can be estimated at other holding fields by a linear extrapolation.