cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response

Abstract This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria–Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies.
Pluto and the ‘Planet Problem’: Folk Concepts and Natural Kinds in Astronomy

The Pluto controversy provides fertile new ground to revisit the traditional philosophical problem of natural kinds and scientific change. Here I show that further insight into the Pluto case is gained by drawing out some of the striking analogies with what is termed the “species problem” in the philosophy of biology. I argue that the taxon ‘planet’ can still be considered a natural kind term despite the fact that a) its meaning and extension have changed over time, b) there are multiple scientifically compelling definitions of planet, and c) many of those definitions include historical and/or relational properties.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane

The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C–H stretch, C–C stretch, CH2 scissors, CH2 rock, CH2 wag, CH2 twist, C–H wag, and C–C–C bend) utilizing the C2v symmetry of the molecule. Calculated infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. The vibrational modes of the 1,3-d2, 2,2,4,4-d4 and d6 forms of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane are calculated and compared against available experimental data. Selected molecular orbitals of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane are presented.
Bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I trial

Background COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitors, such as bortezomib, can down-regulate NF-κB, a transcription factor implicated in tumor growth. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Review of Agile Case Studies for Applicability to Aircraft Systems Integration

Abstract The current state of the art of aircraft systems integration is similar to the traditional serial software engineering waterfall method. Agile methods transformed software engineering with a focus on incremental iterative value added design. This paper reviews selected non software agile case studies for lessons that are applicable to implementing agile methods to transform the aircraft systems integration process.
Parícutin's cyclic activity

Paricutin's volcanic activity during its first year of life included a number of periods characterized by flowing lava. The length of time of individual periods ranged from a few days up to more than a month, and were separated by intervals during which little or no lava flowed at the surface. A cyclic activity is therefore obvious, and a more or less permanent record remains in the form of the lava-flows. The complete cycle, however, is believed to consist essentially of four stages: (1) Flowing lava; (2) maximum gas activity from the central crater (without flow); (3) the rise of lava in the vent; (4) breaching of the cone in preparation for renewed flow.
CORR Insights ®: Abbreviated psychologic questionnaires are valid in patients with hand conditions.

This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article “Abbreviated Psychologic Questionnaires Are Valid in Patients With Hand Conditions” by Bot and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3213-2. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR ® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3213-2.
Abnormalities of insulin pulsatility and glucose oscillations during meals in obese noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients: effects of weight reduction

Twenty-seven obese patients, including 8 with normal glucose tolerance, 10 with subclinical NIDDM, and 9 with overt noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), were studied before and after prolonged weight loss to assess the effects of the underlying defects of diabetes per se from those of obesity and chronic hyperglycemia on the regulation of pulsatile insulin secretion. Serial measurements of insulin secretion and plasma glucose were obtained during 3 standardized mixed meals consumed over 12 h. Insulin secretion rates were calculated by deconvoluting plasma C peptide levels using a mathematical model for C peptide clearance and kinetic parameters derived individually in each subject. Absolute (nadir to peak) and relative (fold increase above nadir) amplitudes of each insulin secretory pulse and glucose oscillation were calculated. Compared to the obese controls, the subclinical and overt NIDDM patients manifested the following abnormal responses: 1) decreased relative amplitudes of insulin pulses...
Topological groups and C-embeddings

Abstract The notion of a Moscow space is applied to the study of some problems of topological algebra, following an approach introduced by A.V. Arhangel'skii [Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 41 (2000) 585–595]. In particular, many new, and, it seems, unexpected, solutions to the equation νX×νY=ν(X×Y) are identified. We also find new large classes of topological groups G , for which the operations in G can be extended to the Dieudonne completion of the space G in such a way that G becomes a topological subgroup of the topological group μG . On the other hand, it was shown by A.V. Arhangel'skii [Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 41 (2000) 585–595] that there exists an Abelian topological group G for which such an extension is impossible (this provided an answer to a question of V.G. Pestov and M.G. Tkacenko, dating back to 1985). Some new open questions are formulated.
A Surgical Approach Algorithm for Transverse Posterior Wall Fractures Aids in Reduction Quality

Background Transverse posterior wall fractures are difficult to treat and historically have been associated with stiffness, posttraumatic arthritis, and pain, which correlate with the reduction. The Kocher–Langenbeck approach is used most often, whereas the extended iliofemoral approach has been reserved for more complex injury patterns. The latter approach has substantially more risks. No data to our knowledge exist on the use of sequential anterior and posterior approaches for this pattern.
ACAUSALITY IN COLOR DIELECTRIC MODELS

It is shown that color dielectric models may lead to acausal behavior in the gluon sector. A solution to this problem is suggested.
For Some of Us, Science and Engineering is Hard Work

This PDF file contains the editorial “For Some of Us, Science and Engineering is Hard Work” for OE Vol. 49 Issue 11
ON CONGRUENCES OF THE FORM σ(n) ≡ a (mod n)

We study the distribution of solutions n to the congruence σ(n) ≡ a (mod n). After excluding obvious families of solutions, we show that the number of these n ≤ x is at most x½+o(1), as x → ∞, uniformly for integers a with ∣a∣ ≤ x¼. As a concrete example, the number of composite solutions n ≤ x to the congruence σ(n) ≡ 1 (mod n) is at most x½+o(1). These results are analogues of theorems established for the Euler ϕ-function by the third-named author.
Patch depression in grazers: the roles of biomass distribution and residual stems

1. In this paper the results are presented of two experiments designed to examine the relationship between sward structure variables and the nature of patch depression experienced by a large grazing herbivore, Bos taurus, grazing from small patches of forage. In experiment 1 the spatial distribution of leaves within patches was varied. In experiment 2 the role of reproductive stems of different lengths as potential intake rate inhibitors was examined. 2. Both experiments were conducted by offering cattle hand-constructed swards of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) leaves attached to plywood boards. Each of three experimental animals was allowed to take 10, 20, 30, 45 or 60 bites from a patch and intake was estimated on the basis of pregrazing and postgrazing dry-matter. All trials were videotaped and the trial length in seconds was determined from playback of the tapes. 3. In both experiments patch depression (reduction in instantaneous intake rate) was due to decreases in bite mass concomitant with patch depletion. Handling time per bite was unaffected by depletion level. In experiment 1, different spatial configurations resulted in markedly different gain functions ranging from linear to sigmoid. In experiment 2, the presence in the sward of long (15 cm) reproductive stems slowed cumulative gains by restricting bite mass and by increasing the per-bite handling time relative to patches with shorter (5 cm) or no stems. 4. The study of patch depression mechanisms now needs to be generalized over a range of herbivore body sizes and feeding styles.
Pharmacokinetics of cocaine in pregnant and nonpregnant rhesus monkeys.

Abstract To determine pharmacokinetic parameters for cocaine in rhesus monkey plasma, samples were taken over several hours after i.m. administration of cocaine plus a tritiated cocaine tracer. Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and norcocaine, were isolated via HPLC and quantitated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Pregnant subjects were dosed with cocaine at 0.3 (n = 3) or 1.0 (n = 3) mg/kg, whereas nonpregnant female subjects were dosed with 1.0 mg/kg (n = 3). For the pregnant subjects, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on about gestational day 125 and areas under the concentration versus time curve (AUCs, ng/mL × h) were 64 ± 26 (±SEM) and 143 ±12; half-lives ( t 1 2 s, h ) were 1.9 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.1 after 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg i.m., respectively. For nonpregnant subjects dosed acutely with 1.0 mg/kg, the AUC was 262 ± 63 and the t 1 2 was 1.4 ± 0.3 . There appear to be few differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of cocaine and benzoylecgonine between pregnant and nonpregnant monkeys in this study.
Evidence-Based Administrative Guideline: Quality Improvement in Nursing Homes

Those staff members involved in a quality improvement program for a nursing home play a significant role in ensuring quality care for older adults. Use of the evidence-based administrative guideline "Quality Improvement in Nursing Homes" (Dyck, 2003) can provide a template for the implementation of a research-based quality program.
Estimating Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

In many scientific studies involving evaluation of competing ocean engineering systems or the fundamental limits of system performance it is necessary to compare signal power with noise power; in particular, one needs to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is important in the performance of detection and passive localization, where the bearing to an acoustic source is one parameter to be determined given acoustic signal waveforms received at two hydrophones. We provide a brief explanation of methods to estimate SNR. A discussion is included on the difficulty of this task both in theory and in practice. Simulation results are provided explicitly illustrating the difficulty in obtaining accurate estimates even under ideal conditions. This work has applicability to a wide variety of technical problems including the evaluation of the performance of passive localization techniques of interest to the ocean engineering community.
Cardiovascular compromise in the surgical neonate

A significant number of neonates are born with conditions requiring surgery or develop such problems after birth. By reviewing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of neonatal cardiovascular compromise, this chapter highlights the problems specific to the cardiovascular system in neonates requiring surgery. Finally, the chapter describes the most common and challenging neonatal surgical disease entities with a primary emphasis on their pre-operative, surgical, and post-operative cardiovascular management.
High failure rate of a modern, proximally roughened, cemented stem for total hip arthroplasty

The role of surface finish on the survivorship of cemented femoral stems continues to be debated. A total of 34 proximally roughened cemented stems were implanted in 33 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty by a single surgeon. An alarmingly high failure rate was observed, prompting a retrospective chart review, analysis of radiographs, and evaluation of retrieved stems and pathological specimens. Nineteen patients were available with more than two years follow-up. Of these 19 patients, nine stems had failed (47%) due to severe osteolysis and stem loosening. Failures were significantly more common in the male gender (p<0.005), and young (p=0.05), tall (p<0.002), and heavy patients (p<0.004). All failed revised hips showed severe metallosis, with both gross and microscopic evidence of metallic shedding from the stems. Our findings suggest that this proximally roughened stem is susceptible to early failure. Failure is characterized by stem debonding, subsidence within the cement mantle, shedding of metallic and cement particles due to fretting, and rapidly progressive osteolysis. These findings have been observed with other rough surface finish cemented stems.
Comparison of Inside-Out and All-Inside Techniques for the Repair of Isolated Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review

Background: Arthroscopic meniscal repair techniques are continuing to evolve. Most studies to date comparing the healing rate of inside-out to all-inside meniscal repair techniques are confounded by associated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or deficiency.Purpose: This review was conducted to compare the effectiveness and complications of the inside-out repair technique to that of the all-inside repair technique in isolated unstable peripheral longitudinal (“bucket-handle”) meniscal tears.Study Design: Systematic review.Methods: Computerized keyword searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ACP Journal Club, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were performed. Two reviewers independently performed searches and article reduction. Studies that included stratified data for isolated unstable longitudinal meniscal tears in stable knees, repaired with either an inside-out or all-inside repair technique, were selected. Data on clinical failure, ...
Impact of infectious diseases on women's health: 1776-2026.

Abstract In this commentary, the author reviews the impact of infectious diseases on women’s health, beginning with the late 18th century when clinically recognized infections took the heaviest toll on women. The review continues through the 19th and 20th centuries when public health measures and the advent of antibiotic agents led to apparent control of infection, and ends with a forecast for the next 25 years. Foreboding considerations for the future include spread of human immune deficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases and the development of new infections, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the recognition of infection as a cause of many obstetric-gynecologic and chronic disorders. Obstetricians and gynecologists can contribute to the solution of these problems individually and collectively.
Nonlinear stability for stratified magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract By extending Arnol'd's Hamiltonian stability techniques to the situation of magnetohydrodynamics, we determine sufficient conditions for nonlinear Lyapunov stability with respect to three dimensional perturbations of axisymmetric steady flows of an electrically conducting, density stratified, Boussinesq, nondissipative fluid. The steady flow is prescribed by an equilibrium condition given by a nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation for the magnetic flux function Y. It is shown that nonlinear stability follows from the positivity of a quadratic form, whose coefficients are given in terms of explicit functions of Y together with certain technical conditions concerning convexity and regularity that are necessary for the application of Arnol'd's techniques. Some specific examples are discussed. The stability criterium for axisymmetric perturbations is exhibited for a simple spherical model for the Earth's fluid core. Explicit Rayleigh type criteria for nonlinear stability are obtained in th...
A Therapeutic Approach to Jurisprudence: A Differential Thinking Model of Sanctions and Rewards

With the goal of decreasing violations and promoting compliance, Mental Health Courts (MHCs) apply behavior modification principles through the use of sanctions and rewards, including jail as punishment. However, unlike Drug Treatment Courts where this model originated, the use of sanctions for violations in MHCs is more complex as identifying, understanding and addressing compliance are more difficult in mental health treatment. Jail as a sanction may not have any clinical utility, but can have detrimental effects for offenders in general and for those with mental illness in particular. This paper proposes that a pure sanction-and-reward model is undesirable for individuals in the legal context, and proposes an alternative approach to court violations that is consistent with the biopsychosocial, problem-solving and recovery models. This proposed approach includes “thinking differentially” about defendants’ violations, identifying possible explanations for what underlies the problematic behavior and admin...
Convexity of Scoliosis Related to Handedness in Identical Twin Boys With Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report

The interplay between hand dominance and directionality of scoliosis in boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is not clearly defined. We describe an extremely rare presentation of monozygotic twin boys with DMD and opposing hand dominance who developed major spine curvature with opposite convexities. The unique clinical presentation of progressive neuromuscular disease and scoliosis in monozygotic twins should allow for a unique evaluation of some of the contributory factors associated with the development of neuromuscular scoliosis in DMD. In this case report, we explore the pathophysiology involved in neuromuscular scoliosis, examine the role of conservative, surgical, and medical treatments, and discuss potential future avenues of research.
Poles of Meaning: Pushing Language Up and Down

I discuss the problem of using the emotional/cognitive duality as a satisfactory way of formulating the problem of linguistic origins and of the distinctiveness of literary language. I address in particular Shanahan’s use of the work of Ernst Cassirer and Susanne Langer. I point out that Cassirer offers us a multileveled model of language’s sense-functions which avoids false oppositions and that Langer shows that literature does not belong to the discursive but to the presentational order of symbolism. Such insights strengthen rather than weaken Shanahan’s main points about the ‘localization’ and nature of meaning.
Direct Voltammetric Observation of Redox Driven Changes in Axial Coordination and Intramolecular Rearrangement of the Phenylalanine-82-Histidine Variant of Yeast Iso-1-cytochrome c

Direct square-wave and cyclic voltammetric electrochemical examination of the yeast iso-1-cytochrome c Phe82His/Cys102Ser variant revealed the intricacies of redox driven changes in axial coordination, concomitant with intramolecular rearrangement. Electrochemical methods are ideally suited for such a redox study, since they provide a direct and quantitative visualization of specific dynamic events. For the iso-1-cytochrome c Phe82His/Cys102Ser variant, square-wave voltammetry showed that the primary species in the reduced state is the Met80-Fe2+-His18 coordination form, while in the oxidized state the His82-Fe3+-His18 form predominates. The addition or removal of an electron to the appropriate form of this variant serves as a switch to a new molecular form of the cytochrome. Using the 2 x 2 electrochemical mechanism, simulations were done for the cyclic voltammetry experiments at different scan rates. These, in turn, provided relative rate constants for the intramolecular rearrangement/ligand exchange and the equilibrium redox potentials of the participating coordination forms: kb,AC = 17 s-1 for Met80-Fe3+-His18 --> His82-Fe3+-His18 and kf,BD > 10 s-1 for His82-Fe2+-His18 --> Met80-Fe2+-His18; E0' = 247 mV for Met80-Fe3+/2+-His18 couple, E0' = 47 mV for His82-Fe3+/2+-His18 couple, and E0' = 176 mV for the cross-reaction couple, His82-Fe3+-His18 + e- --> Met80-Fe2+-His18. Thermodynamic parameters, including the entropy of reaction, DeltaS0'Rxn, were determined for the net reduction/rearrangement reaction, His82-Fe3+-His18 + e- --> Met80-Fe2+-His18, and compared to those for wild-type cytochrome, Met80-Fe3+-His18 + e- --> Met80-Fe2+-His18. For the Phe82His variant mixed redox couple, DeltaS0'Rxn = -80 J/mol.K compared to DeltaS0'Rxn = -52 J/mol.K for the wild-type cyt c couple without rearrangement. Comparison of these entropies indicates that the oxidized His82-Fe3+-His18 form is highly disordered. It is proposed that this high level of disorder facilitates rapid rearrangement to Met80-Fe2+-His18 upon reduction.
The use of electronic messages to promote seat belt use. Report of a pilot study in Wisconsin.

(2003). The use of electronic messages to promote seat belt us. Report of a pilot study in Wisconsin. Injury Control and Safety Promotion: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 257-260.
Small-molecule inhibitors of thrombin

Thrombin has been identified as a key target for intervention in the blood coagulation cascade, as evidenced by the clinical success of the antithrombotic drugs warfarin and hirudin. Despite the utility of these agents, there is a deficit of orally bioavailable direct inhibitors of the enzymatic functions of thrombin. Substantial progress has been made toward the development of small-molecule inhibitors of thrombin that have the potential to be more effective and better tolerated therapies for a variety of thrombotic disorders. Recent developments suggest that these inhibitors will be a valuable addition to existing antithrombotic and thrombolytic treatments.
Role of the bursa copulatrix in egg maturation and reproductive behavior of the tobacco hawk moth, Manduca sexta

Stretching of the bursa copulatrix by an artificial spermatophore of a polymer plastic caused increased egg maturation to the level normally seen only in mated female Manduca sexta. The input from ...
Dual luminophore polystyrene microspheres for pressure-sensitive luminescent imaging

Polystyrene microspheres containing both an oxygen-sensitive platinum porphyrin luminescence and a pressure-insensitive silicon porphyrin luminescence are prepared in high yield. The ratio of these two luminescences responds reversibly in aerodynamic flows over a wide dynamic range of oxygen concentrations, with a response time of <10 ms. These microspheres have been used in a non-intrusive imaging method to potentially obtain the pressure distributions in three-dimensional aerodynamic flows.
The Emperor’s new tweets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify decision tools for determining how to structure a social media presence for senior executives. Design/methodology/approach – The desired decision tools emerge from a review of the opportunities and challenges facing senior executives in social media. Findings – By following a structured inquiry into the business purposes of an executive’s social media presence, it is possible to determine what that presence should consist of. Originality/value – In the current literature, there are few attempts to establish practical criteria for social activities by senior executives and how to measure its value.
Connected Chandler-Gibson equations and few-body collisions

A new connected kernel version of the Chandler-Gibson equations is derived. Both the new and the original versions of the Chandler-Gibson equations are then modified to incorporate identical particle symmetries. Both types of equations are written down in detail for two different six-body models of alpha-deuteron scattering. Various features of these equations are then compared.
Solvent effect of water on S-glass

The dissolution of magnesium, aluminium, and silicon from S-glass rovings in water at 30, 40 and 50° C and from S-glass powders in water at 40° C has been studied. The concentrations of magnesium and silicon reached 2 mgl−1 or more depending upon the temperature and length of contact time, while the aluminium concentration reached no more than 0.2 mgl−1. The preferential leaching out of Mg (or MgO) by water from S-glass could be the initial step which causes and aggravates the degradation of S-glass filament reinforced composites. Weak ammonia solutions ranging from 0.04 to 0.00008 M enhanced the dissolution of aluminium and magnesium, especially that of the former. In the experiments with S-glass rovings in boiling water in Pyrex glass flasks, complications arose as a result of the interactions between the alkaline ingredients of the Pyrex wares and the ingredients of S-glass. Rate relations are proposed and discussed for the dissolution process.
Growth of the aortic anastomosis, annulus, and root after the arterial switch procedure performed in infancy.

BACKGROUNDWe investigated the size and growth potential of the neoaortic root and aortic anastomosis after the arterial switch operation (ASO) for D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) performed in infants. Circumferential suture lines connecting the great arteries and extensive surgery on the arterial roots to transplant the coronary arteries are essential parts of the ASO. However, little is known about the growth of the aortic anastomosis, the neoaortic root, and the neoaortic annulus after the ASO performed in infancy.METHODS AND RESULTSSerial echocardiograms on 50 patients with D-TGA who underwent ASO in infancy at our institution were reviewed, and the size of the aortic anastomosis, the neoaortic root, and the neoaortic annulus were compared with similar structures in a group of 312 control subjects. Before surgery, the native pulmonary root (future neoaortic root) was 1.59 SD larger (P < .001) and the native pulmonary annulus (future neoaortic annulus) was 1.4 SD larger (P < .001) in infan...
Prospective evaluation of the treatment of pain in the ED using computerized physician order entry.

Abstract Background Treatment of pain in the emergency department (ED) is a significant area of focus, as previous studies have noted generally inadequate treatment of pain in ED patients. Previous studies have not evaluated the impact of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) on the treatment of pain in the ED. We sought to evaluate treatment of pain before and after implementation of CPOE in an academic ED. Methods We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with a pain-related complaint in 4-month periods before and after CPOE implementation. We compared numbers who received pain medications, time from registration to administration of pain medication, and repeat dosing of pain medication. Results Six hundred forty-six ED patients participated in the pre-CPOE period, whereas 592 patients participated post-CPOE. Similar numbers of patients received pain medications in the pre-CPOE and post-CPOE periods (55% vs 59%; P = .139), whereas those in the post-CPOE period were more likely to receive a repeat dose of pain medications (10.5% vs 17.6%; P Conclusion The use of CPOE in the ED may offer modest benefits in the treatment of patients with pain-related complaints.
Impact of increased overweight on the projected prevalence of osteoporosis in older women.

Introduction Overweight is increasing worldwide, but particularly in the United States of America. Higher body weight is associated with higher bone density, so our goal was to estimate whether the higher prevalence of overweight is likely to reduce osteoporosis among older women.
An Application of the Beckmann-Ingene Argument to a Monopsonist’s Spatial Pricing Problem

The purpose of this note is to show that an analogue of the Beckmann-Ingene proposition on price policies of a spatial monopolist applies to a properly formulated profit maximization problem for a spatial monopsonist. The proof of this fact uses the same linear transformation employed in the Beckmann-Ingene argument.
Induced Production of a Sexual Hormone in Yeast

We have already described that α hormone excreted by α type cells expands cells of α type specifically and α hormone excreted by α type cells expands α type cells in Saccharomyces terevisiae. Both substances are steroidal compounds. In the present experiment the third hormonal substance has been found. a Hormone induced excretion of a methylene chloride-insoluble substance which expands a type cells specifically, when added to a type cells. Testosterone showed the same type of action as that of a hormone. On the other hand, a hormone did not show an action to induce excretion of methylene chloride-insoluble hormonal substance, when added to a type cells. Relation among three hormonal substances described above seems to be important to make clear the mating process of the yeast.
Deuteron magnetic resonance in amorphous germanium

Abstract Deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) studies of plasma-deposited a-Ge:D,H have been made at 46 MHz. Resonance line shapes indicate that 62% of the contained 1.3 at.% deuterium is in the form of molecular D 2 and HD in microvoids. No germanyl rotors are observed, in spite of the large microvoid volume. Temperature variations of spin relaxation times are compared with those for similarly-prepared high quality a-Si:D,H and with an earlier a-Ge:D,H sample. Below 50 K a characteristic 76 kHz doublet identifies para-D 2 and some features of microvoid electric field gradients and geometry.
On the similarity solutions of wave propagation for a general class of non-linear dissipative materials

Deductive similarity analysis is employed to study one-dimensional wave propagation in rate dependent materials whose constitutive laws are special cases of Maxwellian materials (σt = φ(e, σ)et + ψ(e, σ), e = strain, σ = stress). The general problem is shown not to have a similar solution although many special cases have the independent similar variable (x − c)/(t − d)e. These cases are studied and tabulated. Analytic similar solutions are presented for several cases and a discussion of permissable boundary conditions is given.
Estimating occupational prestige

Abstract The occupational prestige literature provides evidence of prestige hierarchies that have remained relatively intact for over 60 years. This article draws from the occupational prestige literature in describing the development of prestige estimates for occupations contained in the Minnesota Occupational Classification System III (MOCS III). The first phase of development consisted of an empirical study that involved ranking three sets of 25 occupations. The results provided prestige estimates for 60 occupations and a comparison of prestige scores for 8 “benchmark” occupations. The second phase of development involved testing the comparability of these results with a larger data base. The third phase of development extended the ability to estimate occupational prestige by using a regression equation that allows for assigning prestige estimates to approximately 20,000 occupations. Potential use of the prestige score in the MOCS III is discussed in relation to vocational counseling.
The Voyage of the Frolic: New England Merchants and the Opium Trade

Contents CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C
How does dancing promote brain reconditioning in the elderly

1 The Brown Foundation, Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA 2 Division of Pulmonary, Sleep Medicine, and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA *Correspondence: ppfoster@utmb.edu
Is the parietal cell the major source of gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2

Prostaglandin production in the gastric mucosa has been proposed to play a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity during various noxious stimuli (1,2). Even under normal physiologic conditions, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the stomach is associated with gastric mucosal damage suggesting that prostaglandins are key compounds in the maintenance of gastric mucosa (3,4)
Photoinduced hyper-reflective cholesteric liquid crystals enabled via surface initiated photopolymerization

A structured polymer was synthesized by surface initiated photopolymerization in the presence of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The templated helical polymer (traversing 2/3 the cell thickness) was backfilled with an opposite handedness, photoresponsive CLC mixture yielding a photo-induced, large contrast, hyper-reflective (R > 99%) CLC film.
Understanding endoluminal gastroplications: A histopathologic analysis of intraluminal suture plications

Abstract Background: Endoluminal gastroplication is used to treat GERD, with modest results. Little is known of the histologic reaction to endosutures. Thus, the histologic response to intraluminal plications at different penetration depths within the gastric wall was studied in an animal model. Methods: Intraluminal gastroplications were performed through a laparotomy in 18 New Zealand rabbits. Three sets of everted plications were placed at different penetration depths in each stomach: submucosa (SMpl), muscularis propria (Mpl), and serosa (Spl). Animals were randomized to survival times of 3, 10, or 60 days (respectively, Groups I, II, and III). Plications were compared with a grade scale for each histologic healing phase and gross inspection. Results: Fusion between folds was absent in all groups. Serosa differed from muscularis propria with respect to the proportion of samples with microscopic ischemia (67% vs. 8%; p = 0.015), remaining sutures in Group III (33% vs. 3%; p p p = 0.004) and maturation (Group II, p = 0.009) phases. Total scores also differed among the plications in Groups II ( p p Conclusion: Everted intraluminal gastroplications do not result in fusion between folds irrespective of suture-penetration depth. A flat scar is the final outcome and appears proportional to the amount of ischemia, foreign body reaction, and suture depth. (Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:868-76.)
Role of immersion refractometry for investigating laser‐induced effects in cells

The broad background of scattered light observed in spectra of cell suspensions is reduced by factors of up to 20 by immersion refractometry allowing for improved spectroscopic determination of the absorption properties of cells in the 325–820 nm range. Refractive-index matched spectra of E. coli C1a exhibit a set of resonant features near 422, 561, and 582 nm. Exposure wavelengths are chosen based on this spectrum and cell viability is investigated in E. coli suspensions exposed to 350, 400, 422, 440, and 700 nm radiation delivered in nanosecond pulses with total doses from 500 millijoules to 60 Joules. We observe a loss in cell viability for doses greater than 1 Joule at 422 nm and for all doses at other wavelengths; exposures of less than 1 Joule at 422 nm enhance growth. Excluding exposures at wavelengths within the resonant feature, longer wavelengths are less effective at reducing the viability of E. coli C1a. This indicates the occurrence of at least two absorption processes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INHIBITION OF NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY IN MICE TREATED WITH TOBACCO SPECIFIC CARCINOGEN NNK

Among the different chemicals present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is the most potent carcinogen. In the present study the immunosuppressive effect of NNK was investigated in laboratory animals by analyzing the antitumor immune responses. Mice of B6C3F1 strain were treated with different doses of NNK by IP and assayed for natural killer cell activity by the lysis of 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 lymphoma cells. The control mice received physiological saline. The results showed a significant inhibition of natural killer cell activity in the spleen cells of mice treated with 100 or 250 mg/ kg NNK. In contrast to the high-dose NNK group, treatment of mice with lower doses of NNK like 10 or 50 mg/kg had no significant effect on the natural killer cell activity. In addition to spleen, the natural killer cell activity was also suppressed in the hilar lymph nodes and lung cells of NNK-treated mice. The clearance of 125I labeled YAC-1 tumor cells was also reduced from th...
Spelling errors as a window on variations in phonological deficits among students with dyslexia

Characteristics of spelling development and spelling error patterns were examined in 100 schoolchildren (aged 7 to 15 years) previously identified as dyslexic with specific phonological weaknesses. Within a severely restricted range, spelling development generally followed a normal course despite wide individual variation. The group was divided using two different spelling criteria: (1) global spelling stage, and (2) a split based on the number of spelling confusions involving phonetically similar consonants. Comparisons using either criterion led to the conclusion that better spellers are also better readers and are more skilled in phoneme manipulation. Regression analyses suggested that measures of phonemic segmenting and manipulation make independent contributions to the acquisition of word reading. Phoneme segmenting explained significant variance only when students were subdivided according to errors in coding confusable consonants. Implications for instruction are considered.
Patterned inhibition from horizontal eye movement in the cat

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine whether there are any reflexes, postural or otherwise, relating eye muscle stretch to the rest of the skeletal musculature. It was found that horizontal rotation of the eye, stretching the horizontal recti, evokes inhibition of the EMG of the neck, biceps, and triceps muscles of both sides. By tallying the number of trials on which inhibition was observable, frequencies of inhibition were obtained for each muscle under both directions of rotation for each eye. These frequencies differ systematically, suggesting a reflex from eye muscle stretch that could serve to facilitate the labyrinthine reflexes and, perhaps, to time their oscillations.
Laboratory Observations of Fault Strength in Response to Changes in Normal Stress

Changes in fault normal stress can either inhibit or promote rupture propagation, depending on the fault geometry and on how fault shear strength varies in response to the normal stress change. A better understanding of this dependence will lead to improved earthquake simulation techniques, and ultimately, improved earthquake hazard mitigation efforts. We present the results of new laboratory experiments investigating the effects of step changes in fault normal stress on the fault shear strength during sliding, using bare Westerly granite samples, with roughened sliding surfaces, in a double direct shear apparatus. Previous experimental studies examining the shear strength following a step change in the normal stress produce contradictory results: a set of double direct shear experiments indicates that the shear strength of a fault responds immediately, and then is followed by a prolonged slip-dependent response, while a set of shock loading experiments indicates that there is no immediate component, and the response is purely gradual and slip-dependent. In our new, high-resolution experiments, we observe that the acoustic transmissivity and dilatancy of simulated faults in our tests respond immediately to changes in the normal stress, consistent with the interpretations of previous investigations, and verify an immediate increase in the area of contact between the roughened sliding surfaces as normal stress increases. However, the shear strength of the fault does not immediately increase, indicating that the new area of contact between the rough fault surfaces does not appear preloaded with any shear resistance or strength. Additional slip is required for the fault to achieve a new shear strength appropriate for its new loading conditions, consistent with previous observations made during shock loading.
The institutional logic of small-firm economies in Italy and Taiwan

This article compares the small-firm economies of Taiwan and Italy, utilizing an institutional oganizational approach in the analysis of economic structures. It is divided into three sections. First, there is a presention of the main features of the Italian and the Taiwanese economies to draw out their distinctive similarities. The second part identifies a set of institutional factors which help us understand the similarities observed in the two economies, and classifies them along two analytical headings: individual values and social structure. The third section explores the significance of the author's crossnational comparison of small-firm economies for improving the status of an institutional theory of economic structures. By, emphasizing the role of institutional factors and the social embeddedness of economic activities in Italy and Taiwan, the article provides a corrective to the unilateral emphasis on an East versus West model of economic action and shows the obvious inadequacies of restrictively cultural, political, or economic interpretations of national economies.
Mitochondrial Hexokinase in Brain: Coexistence of Forms Differing in Sensitivity to Solubilization by Glucose-6-Phosphate on the Same Mitochondrial

Abstract Hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) is associated with mitochondria from brain of various species. The fraction of the bound activity that can be released in soluble form after incubation of the mitochondria with glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) has been shown to vary markedly among species (F. Kabir and J. E. Wilson, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300, 641-650, 1993). A method has been developed by which mitochondria bearing significant amounts of bound hexokinase can be selectively immunoprecipitated by Stasymphylococcus aureus cells coated with anti-Type I hexokinase antibodies. Treatment of mitochondria from guinea pig, bovine, and human brain with Glc-6-P solubilized asympproximately 60, 40, and 20% of the bound hexokinase activity, respectively, but had no effect on the extent to which the mitochondria could be immunoprecipitated. This is consistent with the view that the residual hexokinase, resistant to solubilization with Glc-6-P, coexists on the same mitochondria bearing the Glc-6-P-sensitive form, i.e., removal of the latter does not prevent immunoprecipitation mediated by the Glc-6-P-resistant form. Mitochondrial porin has previously been shown to be involved in binding of hexokinase to mitochondria. Four porin species, having a common molecular weight but differing in isoelectric point, were detected, in the same relative amounts, in mitochondria from bovine and rat brain. The extent to which Glc-6-P solubilizes hexokinase from rat and bovine brain mitochondria is ≍90 and ≍40%, respectively. Thus the marked difference in sensitivity to solubilization with Glc-6-P cannot be attributed to differences in the relative amounts of different porin species present in rat and bovine mitochondria.
Stochastic subspace search for top-k multi-view clustering

Finding multiple clustering solutions has recently gained much attention. Based on the observation that data is often multi-faceted, novel clustering methods have been introduced capable of detecting multiple, diverse clusterings. In this work-in-progress paper, we present a novel stochastic subspace search principle that tackles the requirements of multi-view clustering. The main idea is to consider each subspace as a state in a Markov chain and using Monte Carlo methods to sample the multi-view subspaces. By dynamically adapting the underlying probability density function we realize the generation of alternative clustering views. We present preliminary experimental results of our method and we describe future research directions.
Assessment of different soil to water ratios (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5) in soil salinity studies

Abstract Soil salinity is one of the limiting factors of agricultural productivity. It is essential to determine the soil salinity in a reliable and yet relatively easy method. This experimental study was carried out to assess the possibilities of measuring electrical conductivity as well as ion concentrations in the extracts of different soil to water ratios, (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5), and to compare them with those measured in saturated paste extract. Sandy, loamy, and clay textured soils were artificially salinized for one month by capillarity with different saline water of 0.02 (de-ionized water), 0. 4 (tap water), 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m. The saline waters were prepared by adding various amounts of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 into tap water for each level of salinity to obtain desired salinity level. Having measured electrical conductivity, the extracts were analyzed for Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl − , CO 3 2− , and HCO 3 − . The results showed that highly significant correlation exists between values measured in saturated paste extracts and in extracts of different soil to water ratios for electrical conductivity and ion concentrations. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that extracts of (1:1), (1:2.5) or (1:5) soil to water ratios can be used to estimate saturated paste electrical conductivity and ion concentrations of soils.