cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An object oriented methodology integrating design, analysis, modelling, and simulation of systems of systems

Development of systems of systems outstrips the current software systems development strategy. A development strategy which integrates design, analysis, modeling and simulation using a methodology which integrates aspects of modular decomposition, object-oriented design, and distributed system design is reported. The methodology is illustrated in the design of a high bandwidth communications infrastructure for tactical armed forces. >
Precision Guided Airdrop for Vertical Replenishment of Naval Vessels

Abstract : This paper addresses the investigation into the feasibility of the use of precision guided airdrop as a means to deliver cargo to naval vessels at sea. In this context, precision guided airdrop means delivering unmanned cargo packages that, once dropped from an aircraft at high altitude, have the capability to guide themselves to a precise landing point by con- trolling an aerodynamic decelerator (parafoil or parachute) to which the cargo package is attached. The paper describes the problem of replenishment of naval vessels at sea and describes the benefits that the application of precision airdrop might provide. Improved accuracy of aerial delivery systems is the major focus of analysis, and how the application of model predictive control has potential to achieve the necessary improvements in accuracy that would make shipboard landings possible. A simple example is developed of a model predictive control algorithm adapted to track a target landing area that is moving with constant velocity. Additional techniques are also surveyed, as well as other potential applications of precision airdrop to maritime operations.
Discrepancies in Reporting the Vertebral Level of Abnormality in MR of the Spine

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess discrepancies in the spinal levels of abnormalities stated in the findings or impression (or both) sections of radiology reports of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Radiology reports from January 2006 through December 2007 (n = 2,097,966) were analyzed using an online radiology report search engine. Reports were searched for presence of the key words MR spine and addendum . The addended reports were then manually assessed for any discrepancies in the reported spinal levels between the body and impression sections; the addenda corrected these errors (identified errors). In addition, all reports with the search term MR spine from January 2006 (n = 1,183) and January 2007 (n = 1,354) were assessed manually to recognize unidentified errors in spinal locations of reported pathology. Two neuroradiologists independently graded the clinical significance of errors on a 5-point scale (1 = definitely not significant, 5=definitely significant). Results Of the 11,427 spinal MR reports analyzed in 2006, 7 had identified errors in the sites (levels of the spine) of the lesions. In 2007 (n = 11,785 spinal MR reports), 4 reports were detected with identified errors in spinal levels. In January 2006 and January 2007, 8 and 12 reports, respectively, had unidentified erroneous vertebral levels. Errors were related to discrepant vertebral regions (eg, cervical vs thoracic) in 16% of cases (5 of 31), the wrong number of vertebrae (eg, L2 instead of L3) in 68% of cases (21 of 31), and both in 16% of cases (5 of 31). The average time taken to issue an addendum was 5 ± 7 days in 2006 and 11 ± 13 days in 2007. Fifteen reports (48%) scored 3. Conclusions Errors in lesion level on spinal MR do occur in radiology reports. The number of unidentified errors is substantially higher than that of identified errors. Care should be taken before signing off on radiology reports to identify erroneous mentions of the vertebral levels of abnormalities.
Uncooled thermal imaging with monolithic silicon focal planes

This article summarizes the characteristics of Honeywell's two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of micromachined microbolometers, discusses practical methods of operating these arrays in high-sensitivity room-temperature infrared (IR) imaging systems, and describes recent performance measurements.
Protein Kinase Cϵ Mediates PMA-Induced Growth Inhibition of Low Population Density NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts

Abstract Phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a potent tumor promoter and activator of most protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes, was found to significantly inhibit the growth of low population density (1–5% confluency) NIH 3T3 cells. Higher cell population density (above 10% confluency) provided protection from this growth inhibitory effect of PMA. PMA-induced growth arrest is accompanied by an elevation in the level of p21 Cip1 protein, along with cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. Activation of PKC is required for this growth inhibitory response since the pan PKC inhibitor GF109203 blocked this effect of PMA. However, the classical PKC inhibitor Go6976 had no effect, strongly suggesting the involvement of novel PKC isotypes (δ and/or ϵ). Overexpression of PKCϵ, but not PKCδ, was found to potentiate PMA-induced growth inhibition. Overexpression of a kinase-inactive dominant-negative mutant of PKCϵ (K437R) decreased the growth inhibitory effect of PMA and also blocked the PMA-induced increase in the level of p21 Cip1 protein. Taken together, these results indicate that PMA has a cell population density-dependent effect on the growth of NIH 3T3 cells and that the PMA growth inhibitory effect at low cell population density is mediated through activation of PKCϵ.
A HORMA domain in Atg13 mediates PI 3-kinase recruitment in autophagy

Autophagy-related 13 (Atg13) is a key early-acting factor in autophagy and the major locus for nutrient-dependent regulation of autophagy by Tor. The 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Atg13 reveals a previously unidentified HORMA (Hop1p, Rev1p and Mad2) domain similar to that of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2. Mad2 has two different stable conformations, O-Mad2 and C-Mad2, and the Atg13 HORMA structure corresponds to the C-Mad2 state. The Atg13 HORMA domain is required for autophagy and for recruitment of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase subunit Atg14 but is not required for Atg1 interaction or Atg13 recruitment to the preautophagosomal structure. The Atg13 HORMA structure reveals a pair of conserved Arg residues that constitute a putative phosphate sensor. One of the Arg residues is in the region corresponding to the “safety belt” conformational switch of Mad2, suggesting conformational regulation of phosphate binding. These two Arg residues are essential for autophagy, suggesting that the Atg13 HORMA domain could function as a phosphoregulated conformational switch.
Vibration of a simply-supported elliptical plate

Abstract The problem of free vibration of a simply-supported elliptical plate has no published results in the literature. The present work uses the Rayleigh-Ritz technique with a three-term deflection function to obtain accurate fundamental frequencies. Tabulated results are given for the complete spectrum of Poisson's ratios and aspect ratios.
Energy and bandwidth-efficient key distribution in wireless ad hoc networks: a cross-layer approach

We address the problem of resource-efficient access control for group communications in wireless ad hoc networks. Restricting the access to group data can be reduced to the problem of securely distributing cryptographic keys to group members, known as the key distribution problem (KDP). We examine the KDP under four metrics: (a) member key storage, (b) group controller (GC) transmissions, (c) multicast group (MG) update messages, and (d) average update energy. For each metric, we formulate an optimization problem and show that the KDP has unique solutions for metrics (a) and (b), while is NP-complete for (c) and (d). We propose a cross-layer heuristic algorithm called VP3 that bounds member key storage, and GC transmissions, while significantly reducing the energy and bandwidth consumption of the network. We define the notion of path divergence as a measure of bandwidth efficiency of multicasting, and establish an analytical worst-case bound for it. Finally, we propose on-line VP3, which dynamically updates the key assignment structure according to the dynamics of the communication group in a resource-efficient way.
NUT Midline Carcinoma: A Case Report with a Novel Translocation and Review of the Literature

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, genetically defined, highly lethal undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in the midline location of the neck, head or mediastinum. We present the case of a 23 year-old otherwise healthy Chinese male immigrant who presented with complaints of sore throat and right sided neck mass. The initial treatment was for likely EBV infection with streptococcal superinfection. Although continued investigation was pursued shortly after initial presentation, the mass had enlarged and become necrotic with significant nodal involvement. The mass was diagnosed as an NMC tumor with a novel three-way translocation t(9;15;19; q34;q13;p13.1). Despite aggressive treatment, the patient’s condition progressed rapidly and he died within 3 months of initial diagnosis. Standard therapeutic interventions have been ineffective in the treatment of NMC. Earlier diagnosis could allow characterization of the natural progression of this entity, and allow more time for intervention or development of novel therapies, potentially related to molecular targets. This continues to require a high index of suspicion and early imaging with cytogenetic and immunohistochemical confirmation.
Conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition following extensive taste preexposure in rats with insular cortex lesions

Lesions of the insular cortex (IC) attenuate acquisition of conditioned taste aversions (CTAs). We have suggested that this impairment is the expected consequence of a failure of IC-lesioned (ICX) rats to recognize unfamiliar taste stimuli as novel. That is, ICX rats treat novel taste stimuli as if they are familiar and as a result show a latent inhibition-like retardation of learning. This account anticipates that ICX rats should acquire CTAs at the same slow rate as normal rats that are familiar with the taste stimulus. The present experiment confirmed this hypothesis in a design that compared CTA acquisition in normal and ICX rats following either extensive taste familiarization or no taste familiarization prior to conditioning.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND TURBULENT TIME SCALES ON POLLUTANT FORMATION DURING COMBUSTION

The relative effects of turbulent dissipation and chemical reaction time scales on CO and NO formation from CH4, combustion are qualitatively assessed. Due consideration is given to the respective roles played by the initial magnitude of the temperature fluctuations and their rate of change. Thus, it is shown that concentration levels of CO and NO increase with increasing temperature fluctuations at the start of reaction and that long characteristic dissipation times favor pollutant formation. For initially large levels of temperature fluctuations the results indicate that pollutant generation is essentially independent of the way temperature fluctuations evolve with time.
Interlaboratory Comparison of the Thickness of the Destroyed Surface Layer of Closed-cell Foam Insulation Specimens

The preparation of closed-cell foam insulation test specimens can affect the results of a number of hygrothermal property measurements. In particular, the thickness of the destroyed surface layer affects the measurement of gas diffusion coefficients and thermal conductivity. Multiple specimen preparation methods are in use, as well as multiple methods to measure the thickness of the destroyed surface layer. A ruggedness test, including an interlaboratory comparison, was conducted by an ASTM technical committee to examine the variations due to both of these factors. The results are important in understanding the likely range in values for each preparation technique. The results also demonstrate a sensitivity to the measurement technique.
Toxicity of ronnel, dimethoate, and malathion to little house fly adults.

Round and dimethoate produced rapid knock-down of the little house fly, Fannia canivularis (L.), held in large cages, Fly mortality from residual insecticide was high for a two-week period following application. Malathion toxicity was low. This result supported other laboratory and field observations which have indicated a developing resistance to malathion in western Oregon.
Drugs versus devices: Contemporary practice in light of contemporary trials

Antiarrhythmic Drugs Versus Devices, In years past, the secondary prevention of lifethreatening ventricular arrhythmias was limited to empiric drug therapy. In close temporal proximity to the birth of electrophysio logic study-guided treatment strategies to manage these arrhythmias, devices to convert arrhythmias were envisioned and designed. Now, advanced generation implantable defibrillators provide synchronized, low-energy cardioversion, antitachycardia pacing, and pacing support for bradycardia. Over the past decade and a half, this technology that was once applied as a therapy of last resort has evolved and emerged as a therapy of first choice. Recently, however, enthusiasm for drug treatment strategies has also increased, especially the use of amiodarone. Most experts now agree that drug therapy chosen by electrophysiologic study guidance provides superior survival compared to the empiric use of Class I drugs, as long as a drug that suppresses arrhythmia inducibility is found. The empiric use of amiodarone and beta blockers may also improve outcome. This review examines some of the recent clinical trials utilizing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods. The importance of ongoing and future clinical trials is emphasized. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 6, pp.
Self‐efficacy for health‐related behaviors among deaf adults

The purpose of this quasi-experimental, pre-post-test study was to test the effectiveness of the Deaf Heart Health Intervention (DHHI) in increasing self-efficacy for health-related behaviors among culturally deaf adults. The DHHI targets modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A sample of 84 participants completed time-1 and time-2 data collection. The sign language version of the Self-Rated Abilities Scale for Health Practices (SRAHP) was used to measure self-efficacy for nutrition, psychological well-being/stress management, physical activity/exercise, and responsible health practices. Total self-efficacy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the comparison group at time-2, controlling for scores at baseline (F [1, 81] = 26.02, p < .001). Results support the development of interventions specifically tailored for culturally deaf adults to increase their self-efficacy for health behaviors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 185–192, 2007
Regression analysis of correlated binary outcomes

The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate a regression approach to the analysis of correlated binary outcomes (Liang & Zeger, 1986). Ignoring the correlations between repeated observations can lead to invalid inferences. This approach extends logistic regression to account for repeated observations in each of a series of individuals. In this paper, I present a nontechnical introduction to the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach. A fictitious example is used to demonstrate that GEE regression correctly adjusts for the correlations between repeated binary observations. The approach is illustrated with an analysis of safer sex practices among high-risk teenagers.
Results of an interlaboratory fatigue test program conducted on alloy 800H at room and elevated temperatures

The experimental approach adopted for low cycle fatigue tests of alloy 800H involved the use of electrohydraulic test systems, hour glass geometry specimens, diametral extensometers, and axial strain computers. Attempts to identify possible problem areas were complicated by the lack of reliable data for the heat of Alloy 800H under investigation. The method adopted was to generate definitive test data in an Interlaboratory Fatigue Test Program. The laboratories participating in the program were Argonne National Laboratory, Battelle Columbus, Mar-Test, and NASA Lewis. Fatigue tests were conducted on both solid and turbular specimens at temperatures of 20, 593, and 760 C and strain ranges of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 percent. The subject test method can, under certain circumstances, produce fatigue data which are serious in error. This approach subsequently was abandoned at General Atomic Company in favor of parallel gage length specimens and axial extensiometers.
Chemical constituents of the digestive gland of the sea hare aplysia california—II. Chemical transformations

Abstract 1. 1. The algal metabolites laurienterol (4) and pacifenol (6) were shown to undergo transformations to aplysin (1) and pacificidiene (7), respectively, within the digestive gland of the sea hare Aplysia californica. 2. 2. The same transformations can be accomplished in in vitro by treatment with acid catalysts. 3. 3. A new compound 8, formed by the 1,4 addition of hydrogen chloride to pacifidiene (7), was obtained from A. californica and subsequently by synt hesis. 4. 4. The bold numbers above refer to the diagrams of the formulae of the figures.
Genetic Thrombophilia Variants and Risk for Preeclampsia Among American Indians

Objective: To determine the prevalence of thrombophilic genetic variants in an American Indian population and determine if they are associated with preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 87 cases, 165 controls and an additional 75 population-based controls were genotyped for two thrombophilic polymorphisms. Results: The allelic prevalence of the factor V Leiden and 20210 G/A prothrombin variants in this population was 2.1% and 0.5% respectively. No statistically significant associations between these genetic variants and preeclampsia were found. Conclusion: The prevalence of thrombophilic variants is of possible public health significance for other morbidity; but perhaps not in relation to preeclampsia.
Atenolol therapy for exercise-induced hypertension after aortic coarctation repair

Abstract After successful repair of coarctation of the aorta in childhood, exercise-induced upper body systolic hypertension is well documented. Beta blockade has been shown to reduce the arm/leg gradient in untreated coarctation of the aorta; treatment before coarctation repair has decreased paradoxical hypertension after repair. Ten patients with successful surgical repair of coarctation, defined as a resting arm/leg gradient of ≤18 mm Hg, were evaluated by treadmill exercise before and after β blockade with atenolol. Mean age was 5.5 years at repair and 18 at study. At baseline evaluation, systolic blood pressures at termination of exercise ranged from 201 to 270 mm Hg (mean 229 mm Hg). Arm/leg gradients at exercise termination ranged from 30 to 143 mm Hg (mean 84). Followup treadmill exercise studies were performed after β blockade. Upper extremity systolic pressures at exercise termination were normalized in 9 of 10 patients. Maximal systolic blood pressure recorded at exercise termination ranged from 163 to 223 mm Hg (mean 196 mm Hg, p The study results in this small series suggest that cardioselective β blockade can be used to treat exercise-induced upper body hypertension effectively after surgical repair of coarctation. Because a high incidence of premature cardiovascular disease has been well documented after satisfactory surgical repair, the findings are of importance for this group of postoperative patients.
Separation Factors for Hydrogen Isotopes in Palladium Hydride

This investigation examines how equilibrium pressures of single isotope metal–hydrogen systems can be used to determine the separation behavior of hydrogen isotopes in a mixed-isotope metal hydroge...
Insulin resistance and self-perceived scholastic competence in inner-city, overweight and obese, African American children.

Abstract Purpose Scholastic competence is a predictor of future achievement, yet there is little research about health factors that influence the development of self-perceived scholastic competence (SPSC). This study examined the relationship of insulin resistance and body fatness with SPSC in low-income, overweight and obese, African American children. Methods Data were analyzed from a convenience sample of 9–10 years old African American children (89 boys and 113 girls) enrolled in a type 2 diabetes prevention study. Health variables analyzed for their influence on SPSC (Harter scale) included insulin resistance (Homeostatic model-derived insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR) and body fatness (% body fat). Adjustments were made for self-esteem (Global Self Worth). Results There was a significant gender by insulin resistance interaction effect on the child's SPSC, so separate regression models were developed for each gender. In boys, neither insulin resistance nor body fatness was related to SPSC. In girls, however, insulin resistance was negatively related to SPSC scores, and the significance of the relationship increased further after adjusting for body fatness. Body fatness alone was not significantly related to SPSC in girls, but after adjusting for insulin resistance, body fatness was positively related to SPSC. Thus, insulin resistance and body fatness mutually suppressed SPSC in girls. Conclusion High SPSC was associated with lower insulin resistance and, with insulin resistance held constant, with higher body fatness in girls but not in boys. These relationships were not influenced by self-esteem in these children.
Integration of Water Quantity and Quality in Strategic River Basin Planning

The integration of surface water quantity and quality objectives within the framework of a decision-support tool is presented in an application to the 12,400-km2 Piracicaba River Basin in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Emphasis is given to simulation-based assessment of strategic planning alternatives through the combined use of water allocation (MODSIM) and water quality routing (QUAL2E-UNCAS) models. Uncertainty from temporal and spatial variability and inadequate data associated with model parameters is addressed. Performance measures for water allocation include total reliability, total vulnerability, and total resiliency. Water quality performance measures are stream standard compliance reliability, water quality index, spatial uniformity of water quality, and temporal uniformity of water quality. These measures are used to evaluate and compare alternatives in light of multiple planning objectives. Six management alternatives, combining various reservoir release policies with differing levels of was...
Control of hydroxyl group conformation by the pentafluorosulfanyl group

Abstract The unique properties of the pentafluorosulfanyl group lead to previously unrecognized interactions with neighboring hydroxyl groups that differ substantially from those of alkyl or fluoroalkyl chains. Computational methods (B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)) were utilized to assess the geometries and barriers to rotation. Conformational control was derived primarily from restricted rotation about the SF 5 C COH bond.
Targeted or Untargeted? The Initial Assessment of a Targeted Health Insurance Program for the Poor in Georgia

Abstract The government of Georgia launched a Medical Insurance Program, a targeted health insurance program, in June 2006 to provide health insurance to the poor. Using administrative data from June 2006 to December 2006, this paper estimates the initial impact of the Medical Insurance Program relative to an untargeted health insurance program and assesses whether the benefits have reached the poorest among those eligible. The paper presents two main findings: first, the Medical Insurance Program has significantly increased beneficiaries’ utilization of public health insurance for acute surgeries and inpatient services; and second, the benefits have reached the poorest among the beneficiaries. However, the findings are only applicable to the first six months of implementation and more analysis is required to understand the dynamics and long term impact of the reform.
The Impact of the Allee Effect in Dispersal and Patch-Occupancy Age on the Dynamics of Metapopulations

In this paper, we introduce a Levins-type metapopulation model with empty and occupied patches, and dispersing population. We structure the proportion of occupied patches according to the patch-occupancy age. We observe that patch-occupancy age may destabilize the metapopulation, leading to persistent oscillations. We also allow for the dispersal rate to vary with the proportion of empty patches in a monotone or unimodal way. The unimodal dependence leads to multiple non-trivial equilibria and bistability when the reproduction number of the metapopulation R 1.
The importance of discreet use of the diaphragm to Zimbabwean women and their partners.

We conducted a 6-month acceptability study of diaphragms as a potential HIV/STI prevention method among Zimbabwean women. We examined partner involvement in diaphragm use, and importance of discreet use (use without partner awareness). Of the 181 women who completed the study, 45% said discreet use was “very or extremely important” and in multivariate logistic regression, women were more likely to value discretion if their partners: had other partners; drank alcohol; or were believed to prefer condoms to diaphragms. Qualitative data confirmed these findings. Both women and their partners reported that diaphragms can be used discreetly and saw this as advantageous, for both sexual pleasure and female control. However, many were concerned that use without partner approval could lead to marital problems. Discreet use should be considered in development of barrier methods and in diaphragm promotion, if proven effective against HIV/STI.
The Act of Collaborative Creation and the Art of Integrative Creativity: Originality, Disciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity

Csikszentmihalyi (1999: 314) argues that 'creativity is a process that can be observed only at the intersection where individuals, domains, and fields intersect'. This article discusses the relationship between creativity and interdisciplinarity in science. It is specifically concerned with interdisciplinary collaboration, interrogating the processes that contribute to the collaborative creation of original ideas and the practices that enable creative integration of diverse domains. It draws on results from a novel real-world experiment in which small interdisciplinary groups of graduate students were tasked with producing an innovative scientific research problem and an integrative research proposal. Results show that while bisociative thinking assists in the creation of original research problems, both disciplinary skills and an interdisciplinary disposition are core to the integration of creative research proposals. Extrapolating from the results of this experiment, the article discusses the feasibilit...
Cutting the “Gordian knot” in climate change policy

Ongoing conflict over the fair allocation of greenhouse gas emissions among nations is a significant impediment to progress in international climate change negotiations. This article considers the strengths and weaknesses of a crucial argument within the allocation debate asserting the atmospheric capacity to absorb greenhouse gases should be distributed on an equal per capita basis. While noting the argument's many appealing qualities, the paper argues that the per capita perspective also encompasses important practical and ethical limitations. Besides potentially encouraging population growth and discriminating against those with greater (but still legitimate) energy needs, early evidence suggests that the equal per capita idea may hinder progress in climate change talks by invoking a more absolutist and uncompromising rhetoric of rights. Alternative ideas of fairness, such as the distinction between subsistence and luxury emissions, or the Common Heritage of Mankind idea, offer a more flexible mix of egalitarian and other allocation principles that should be considered carefully, even by those sympathetic to the equal per capita perspective.
Thermal stress intensity factors for a crack in an anisotropic half plane

On the basis of the two-dimensional theory of anisotropic thermoelasticity, a solution is given for the thermal stress intensity factors due to the obstruction of a uniform heat flux by an insulated line crack in a generally anisotropic half plane. The crack is replaced by continuous distributions of sources of temperature discontinuity and dislocations. First, the particular thermoelastic dislocation solutions for the half plane are obtained; then the corresponding isothermal solutions are superposed to satisfy the traction-free conditions on the crack surfaces. The dislocation solutions are applied to calculate the thermal stress intensity factors, which are validated by the exact solutions. The effects of the uniform heat flux, the ply angle and the crack length are investigated.
Mental health after psychiatric treatment

Summary The average mental health level of a group of 223 psychiatric patients was found below that of a comparable nonpatient population of 1437 respondents. Forty patients considered to be currently seeing a psychiatrist were found to have a worse average mental health level than 183 patients in whom therapy had presumably been completed. The latter group contained 41.6 per cent patients who were given a mental health rating indicative of relatively good psychiatric adjustment with the implication that they had improved with treatment. The more impaired level of mental health in the patient group was not considered evidence of failure of treatment but rather interpreted as the minimal level of mental health functioning compatible with termination of psychiatric treatment.
Monnig collection meteorites from Forestburg, Davy, Harrison Township and Gurram Kond

— We report the histories and classifications of poorly known meteorites from the Oscar Monnig meteorite collection. Forestburg (a), Texas, is an L4(S2) ordinary chondrite. Forestburg (b), Texas, is a shock-blackened L5(S5) ordinary chondrite containing an impact-melt clast. Davy (a), Texas, L4(S2), is represented by several highly weathered stones. Davy (b), Texas, is a single stone classified as H4(S2). Harrison Township, Kansas, (L6(S4)) was found in the vicinity of several meteorites grouped as Ladder Creek but appears distinct. We have identified the second and largest fragment of the 1814 October Gurram Konda, India, L6(S3) meteorite fall and uncovered details of its early history.
Generating private synthetic databases for untrusted system evaluation

Evaluating the performance of database systems is crucial when database vendors or researchers are developing new technologies. But such evaluation tasks rely heavily on actual data and query workloads that are often unavailable to researchers due to privacy restrictions. To overcome this barrier, we propose a framework for the release of a synthetic database which accurately models selected performance properties of the original database. We improve on prior work on synthetic database generation by providing a formal, rigorous guarantee of privacy. Accuracy is achieved by generating synthetic data using a carefully selected set of statistical properties of the original data which balance privacy loss with relevance to the given query workload. An important contribution of our framework is an extension of standard differential privacy to multiple tables.
VITAMIN PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION BY PHYTOPLANKTON IN MIXED CULTURE1

SUMMARY The production and utilization of vitamins by 2 or more, marine phytoplankters cultured in the same vessel were demonstrated. The release of toxic materials or vitamin inactivators wax also observed. The utilization of vitamins by those phytoplankters requiring them and the production of toxic materials were determined from increases and decreases in cell numbers of certain algae grown in mixed cultures. Vitamin utilization was most readily observed in mixed cultures where 2 phytoplankters were present. Dunaliella tertiolecta and Skeletonema costatum produced utilizable thiamine for Coccolithus huxleyi. C. huxleyi released utilizable vitamin B12 for Cyclotella nana. D. tertiolecta, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and S. costatum produced utilizable biotin for Amphidinium carterae. The amount of utilizable vitamin and rate at which it was released depended on the phytoplankters present and conditions of incubation. In complex systems with more than 2 phytoplankters, beneficial effects to utilizers were often noted for short durations during the incubation period. At the end of the experiments the beneficial effects were usually not evident. P. tricornutum (nonvitamin requirer) was stimulated by a mixture of carryover B12 and thiamine when growing with A. carterae, indicating that in vitamin-free media it cannot synthesize vitamin(s) fast enough to allow for a maximum growth rate. The concentrations of vitamins in seawater samples may not be the amounts available to vitamin-requiring organisms. Among the factors affecting vitamin availability are the production of inhibitors and vitamin inactivators by various organisms in the ecosystem.
Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American Families: by Murray A. Strauss New York: Lexington Books, 1994, 297 pages

(1996). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American Families. The Social Science Journal: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 335-337.
“Prompt no” measurements at high pressures

“Prompt NO” was measured in premixed ethylene-air flames at pressures from 1 to 18 atm and equivalence ratios from 0.6 to 1.4. Flame temperatures ranged from 1600°K to 2400°K. The “prompt NO” measurements were obtained by extrapolating the linear portion of the [NO] versus time plot back to zero time corresponding to the primary reaction zone. The intercept was taken as the net integral production of “prompt NO” believed to be the result of hydrocarbon fragments attacking atmospheric nitrogen. This intercept also includes NO contributed by the accelerated Zeldovich mechanism. The results ranged from a few ppm “prompt NO” at =0.6, P =1 atm, and T =1600°K to over 300 ppm at =1.0, P =18 atm, and T =2350°K. “Prompt NO” was found to have a positive pressure dependence for equivalence ratios between 0.8 and 1.3. In the cool flames at =1.4, “prompt NO” was found to exceed the calculated equilibrium NO concentration in the burnt gas by a factor as high as 30. Burning velocity data over the same ranges of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio were incidental to this study. The rate constant of the reaction N+NO→N 2 +O was found to be 24×10 12 cm 3 /mole sec.
Cryptococcus -Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): Pathogenesis and its Clinical Implications

This review provides an overview of Cryptococcus neoformans immunology and focuses on the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus-related paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Cryptococcal IRIS has three phases: (1) before antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a paucity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation and defects in antigen clearance; (2) during initial ART immune recovery, with pro-inflammatory signaling by antigen-presenting cells without an effector response; and (3) at IRIS, a cytokine storm with a predominant type-1 helper T-cell (Th1) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response. Understanding IRIS pathogenesis allows for risk stratification and customization of HIV/AIDS care. In brief, persons at high IRIS risk may benefit from enhancing microbiologic clearance by use of adjunctive agents in combination with amphotericin, prolonging initial induction therapy, and/or increasing the initial consolidation antifungal therapy dose to at least 800 mg of fluconazole daily until the 2-week CSF culture is known to be sterile. Prophylactic anti-inflammatory therapies or undue delay of ART initiation in an attempt to prevent IRIS is unwarranted and may be dangerous.
Brainstem respiratory networks and cough.

The focus of this review is work that supports a model of the medullary neuronal network that is involved in producing the cough motor pattern of inspiratory and expiratory pump muscles. Evidence is presented that supports the following hypotheses: (1) Bulbospinal drive to respiratory motoneurons during cough arises, at least in part, from the same medullary neurons involved in providing drive during eupnoea. (2) Medullary Botzinger/ rostral ventral respiratory group neurons implicated in generating and shaping the eupnoeic pattern of breathing are also involved in producing the central cough motor pattern. The results were not consistent with a "cough centre" separate from the BOT/VRG. Observed neurons (in cats) included most of all previously identified respiratory modulated "types". The results showed that there were alterations in discharge patterns of all respiratory neurons during fictive cough. Many "types" responded as predicted by cough model network simulations. Based on neuron behaviours in our studies and inferred synaptic actions among BOT/VRG neurons, we propose a preliminary model for cough generation by the BOT/rVRG network.
The role of emotion reactivity and gender in the relationship between psychopathology and self-injurious behavior

Abstract The goal of the present study was to examine emotion reactivity, a broad construct that consists of an individual’s sensitivity, intensity, and persistence of emotional reactions, as a mediator of the relationship between two types of psychopathology (depression symptoms and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms) and history of self-injurious behavior (non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA)). We also examined gender as a potential moderator of this relationship. Participants (N = 1914) completed measures of emotion reactivity, psychopathology, and self-injurious behavior. Results using a series of mediated path analyses indicated that emotion reactivity mediated the relationship between (1) depressive symptoms and NSSI in females only, (2) depressive symptoms and SA in females only, and (3) probable BPD diagnosis and NSSI in both genders. Emotion reactivity did not mediate the relationship between probable BPD diagnosis and SA in either gender. Our findings suggest that emotion reactivity is a possible pathway through which depression and self-injurious behavior relate, especially in women. We temper these findings, however, within the context of relatively modest observed effects.
Drug exposure, pregnancy outcome and fetal and childhood development occurring in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and other chronic autoimmune diseases

Most autoimmune diseases occur more commonly in females and many of these young women wish to become mothers. For pregnancy to proceed successfully immunomodulation and physiological changes preparing the reproductive system need to occur. Pregnancy occurring in a chronically ill mother who requires medications in order to maintain her own health and who may have already incurred significant organ pathology gives rise to several problems and so four questions arise: 1) What will be the effect of the pregnancy on the underlying disease? 2) What will be the effect of the disease on the outcome of pregnancy? 3) How to manage the disease, just prior to, throughout and immediately after the pregnancy? 4) The long term fetal and childhood effects of maternal disease and its management. This paper reviews the current literature pertaining to these questions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other chronic rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
Vibrational dynamics of bond-center hydrogen in crystalline silicon

The absorption line shape associated with the fundamental transition of the H-related stretch mode of bond-center hydrogen in crystalline silicon is measured as a function of temperature with infrared spectroscopy. In addition to the shift in frequency and increase in linewidth usually observed for local vibrational modes in solids, the absorption line becomes asymmetric at elevated temperatures. A theoretical model is developed, which describes the temperature-dependent line shape in terms of thermal fluctuations in the occupation number of a low-frequency mode coupled anharmonically to the stretch mode. The model successfully describes the shift, broadening, and asymmetry of the absorption line and gives new insight into the nature of the low-frequency mode. The mode has a frequency of 114cm{sup -1}, is twofold degenerate, and exhibits no isotopic shift when deuterium is substituted for hydrogen. It is assigned to a pseudolocalized, Si-related mode of bond-center hydrogen.
How ICTs Affect Democracy and Corruption in Emerging Societies

In the wake of the Arab Spring, there's been speculation about the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to contribute to political transformation in emerging societies. Does adoption of these technologies really affect the political destinies of emerging nations?
Socio-economic status and body mass index in low-income Mexican adults

The study reported here explored the associations of body mass index (BMI), socio-economic status (SES), and beverage consumption in a very low-income population. A house-to-house survey was conducted in 2003 of 12,873 Mexican adults. The sample was designed to be representative of the poorest communities in seven of Mexico's 31 states. Greater educational attainment was significantly associated with higher BMI and a greater prevalence of overweight (25 < or = BMI<30) and obesity (30 < or = BMI) in men and women. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was over 70% in women greater than the median age of 35.4 years with at least some primary education compared with a prevalence of 45% in women below the median age with no education. In both sexes, BMI was positively correlated with education, occupation, quality of housing conditions, household assets, and subjective social status. BMI and household income were significantly correlated in women but not in men. In the models including all SES variables, education, occupation, housing conditions and household assets all contributed independently and significantly to BMI, and household income and subjective social status did not. Increased consumption of alcoholic and carbonated sugar beverages was associated with higher SES and higher BMI. Thus, in spite of the narrow range of socio-economic variability in this population, the increased consumption of high calorie beverages may explain the positive relationship between SES and BMI. The positive associations between SES and BMI in this low-income, rural population are likely to be related to the changing patterns of food availability, food composition, consumption patterns and cultural factors. Contextually sensitive population-level interventions are critically needed to address obesity and overweight in poor populations, particularly in older women.
The policy and institutional challenges of grid integration of renewable energy in the western United States

Are organized markets necessary in the U.S. Western Interconnection for cost-optimal integration of renewable energy resources that, in accordance with state mandates, must be brought online in the coming decades? We examine the technological components of the western power grid as well as its political, institutional, economic, legal, and cultural attributes to assess the potential and feasibility of organized markets.
Cluster Analysis in Marketing Research: Review and Suggestions for Application:

Applications of cluster analysis to marketing problems are reviewed. Alternative methods of cluster analysis are presented and evaluated in terms of recent empirical work on their performance chara...
Information theoretic analysis of birefringent antialiasing blur filters in the presence of aberrations

Charge coupled-device imaging systems are often designed so that the image of the object field is sampled well below the Nyquist limit. Undersampled designs frequently occur because of the need for optical apertures that are large enough to satisfy the detector sensitivity requirements. Consequently, the cutoff frequency of the aperture is well beyond the sampling limits of the detector array, and aliasing artifacts degrade the resulting image. A common antialiasing technique in such imaging systems is to use birefringent plates as a blur filter. The blur filter produces a point spread function (PSF) that resembles multiple replicas of the optical system PSF, with the separation between replicas determined by the thickness of the plates. When the altered PSF is convolved with the PSF of the detector, an effective pixel is produced that is larger than the physical pixel and thus, the higher spatial frequency components and the associated aliasing are suppressed. Previously, we have shown how information theory can be used in designing birefringent blur filters by maximizing the information density of the image. In this paper, we investigate the effects of spherical aberration and defocus on the information density of an imaging system containing a birefringent blur filter.
Plastocyanin conformation: the effect of the oxidation state on the pKa of nitrotyrosine-83.

Abstract Plastocyanin treated with tetranitromethane was nitrated at a single location, Tyr-83. Tyr-83 and its neighboring negative charges have been implicated as a binding site for positively charged redox agents (Chapman, S.K., Watson, A.D. and Sykes, A.G. (1983) J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1983, 2543–2548). No effect was observed on either the plastocyanin midpoint redox potential or its reaction kinetics with P-700+ and cytochrome f. This makes nitration an ideal spectroscopic probe for monitoring changes in the environment of Tyr-83. The pKa of the nitrotyrosine was 8.6 and 8.3 for reduced and oxidized plastocyanin, respectively, indicating that the charge on the copper atom is ‘felt’ at Tyr-83. The high pKa value for both forms indicates that Tyr-83 is in a negatively charged environment, near residues Nos. 42–45 and Nos. 59–61. The extinction of the nitrotyrosine chromophore at 360 nm was not affected by a change in redox state. However, the ellipticity of this transition was greater for the oxidized form, indicating that environment of Tyr-83 is dependent upon the charge on the copper atom. This suggests an electrostatically driven conformational change at Tyr-83. A conformational change at Tyr-83 could regulate the binding of plastocyanin with its reaction partners in order to promote smooth electron transport.
Tertiary Nurse Practitioners

Tertiary nurse practitioners are proposed to meet the specialized health care needs of complex patients. Societal changes, increasing numbers of medically vulnerable people and increased costs of health care demand innovative responses to health care delivery. Nurse practitioners' effectiveness in primary care settings supports their introduction into acute care settings. Nurse practitioners are involved in tertiary care in response to a need for the delivery of care to patients with specialized needs. The evolution of the tertiary nurse practitioner role pre-dated the response of educational institutions to provide appropriate preparation for practitioners in tertiary care. Curricular imperatives and policy issues that will influence professional practice of the tertiary nurse practitioner are discussed.