cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior Hip Arthroscopy Increases Risk for Perioperative Total Hip Arthroplasty Complications: A Matched-Controlled Study

Abstract Background Arthroscopic hip surgery is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears. Reports of outcomes of hip arthroscopy converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been limited by small sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prior hip arthroscopy on THA complications. Methods We queried our institutional database from January 2005 and December 2017 and identified 95 hip arthroscopy conversion THAs. A control cohort of 95 primary THA patients was matched by age, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Patients were excluded if they had undergone open surgery on the ipsilateral hip. Intraoperative complications, estimated blood loss, operative time, postoperative complications, and need for revision were analyzed. Two separate analyses were performed. The first being intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications through 90-day follow-up and a second separate subanalysis of long-term outcomes on patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. Results Average time from hip arthroscopy to THA was 29 months (range 2-153). Compared with primary THA controls, conversion patients had longer OR times (122 vs 103 minutes, P = .003). Conversion patients had a higher risk of any intraoperative complication (P = .043) and any postoperative complication (P = .007), with a higher rate of wound complications seen in conversion patients. There was not an increased risk of transfusion (P = .360), infection (P = 1.000), or periprosthetic fracture between groups (P = .150). When comparing THA approaches independent of primary or conversion surgery, there was no difference in intraoperative or postoperative complications (P = .500 and P = .790, respectively). Conclusion Conversion of prior hip arthroscopy to THA, compared with primary THA, resulted in increased surgical times and increased intraoperative and postoperative complications. Patients should be counseled about the potential increased risks associated with conversion THA after prior hip arthroscopy.
Performance Evaluation of Liquid 3D Chip Cooling Systems Under Non-Uniform Power Density: Effects of Inlet and Plenum Configurations

Thermal management of microelectronic devices is one of the most important challenges and thresholds in high performance and portable electronic industries. With the increase in the power density and heat dissipation in electronic equipment, the needs for an efficient thermal management system have made the liquid cooling techniques inevitable in recent years. Effective design of the cooling components and flow passages become more important when multilayer substrates (3D chip cooling systems) are in concern. Interlayer heat transfer through the conduction mechanism and nonuniform power density make the cooling system design for the 3D chips a very challenging task. In this research, the temperature distribution of a 3D chip, cooled by liquid flows in microchannels, has been studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effects of various important parameters such as direction and location of inlet and outlet of the cooling water, plenum geometry, cooling liquid flow rate, and non-uniform heat flux on the thermal performance of the cooling system have been analyzed and dicussed.
Usefulness of Castor Oil and Elobixibat and Lactulose and Ascorbic Aid (Movicol) for Bowel Preparation for Colon Capsule Endoscopy:A Case Report

Colon capsule endoscopy was approved for reimbursement under the national health insurance system of Japan in 2014. However, the capsule excretion rate after recommended bowel preparation reportedly ranges from 70% to 90%, and administration of boosters is also necessary. The caster oil-based booster had an emission rate of 97%, but required a total water content of 3L. Some patients have been tested for the second and third time since the test was started in 2014. There is an opinion that these patients could reduce the booster more, and this time we will use the booster with mobiprep to perform the booster on the day with 350 ml.
CHAPTER 5 – FINITE GROUPS

Publisher Summary This chapter defines points groups as those consisting of elements whose axes and planes of symmetry have at least one common point of intersection. All possible symmetry operations for point groups can be represented as a combination of (1) a rotation through a definite angle about some axis and (2) a reflection in some plane. A systematic procedure for handling such cases is based on the formalism of double groups. The octahedral group is a part of the cubic system of groups. The symmetry elements of this group may be visualized as the proper rotations of a cube. The group D4 is a tetragonal group. A permutation—also called symmetric—group Sn consists of the n! permutations on a set of n symbols. The chapter further discusses the properties of permutation groups that have relevance to quantum mechanical applications.
Effect of administration of porcine follicular fluid to gilts during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle on plasma gonadotropins, follicular development, and ovulation rate.

Eighty gilts were assigned randomly to receive twice daily i.v. injections of either 5 mL of steroid-reduced porcine follicular fluid (pFF) or .15 M saline (S) to evaluate the effects of suppression of FSH before, during, and 1 d after induced luteolysis on d 13 (d 0 = onset of estrus) on development of medium and large follicles during the follicular phase and subsequent ovulation rate. Ovaries were recovered and assessed for numbers of corpora albicantia (CA) and medium (NMF, 3 to 6.9 mm) and large (NLF, > 6.9 mm) follicles on d 13, 15, and 17 of the estrous cycle and number of corpora lutea (CL) in the group assigned to be examined after ovulation. Gilts assigned to the postovulatory group were bled at 12-h intervals from d 9.5 through 17. Administration of pFF suppressed concentrations of FSH during treatment with pFF (pFF, .38 +/- .02 vs S, .52 +/- .02 ng/mL, P < .05) and reduced NMF on d 13 (pFF, 17.3 +/- 4.0 vs S, 45.8 +/- 4.0, P < .01) and d 15 (28.1 +/- 4.0 vs 38.7 +/- 4.2, P < .05). The NMF declined markedly between d 15 and 17 in control gilts but not in pFF-treated gilts; pFF and S gilts had achieved similar NMF on d 17 (pFF, 23.1 +/- 4.0 vs S, 21.3 +/- 4.2). Large follicles were first observed on d 17 and were reduced substantially by prior treatment with pFF (pFF, 6.7 +/- 1.4 vs S, 12.4 +/- 1.5, P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clockwise Atrial Flutter

A 49-year-old male underwent EP study for symptomatic atrial flutter. Other differential diagnoses were considered and excluded. Entrainment and electroanatomic mapping confirmed clockwise CTI-dependent flutter that was ablated successfully by a CTI-line.
Trends in Subglottic Stenosis Management: Resource Utilization and Pediatric Otolaryngology Training

Objectives/hypothesis The role for endoscopic management in children with subglottic stenosis (SGS) has grown, but there are no data on resource utilization or the impact on surgical training in pediatric otolaryngology. This study hypothesizes that this shift has increased resource utilization and has impacted surgical training by shifting the focus toward more endoscopic techniques. Study design Retrospective database review. Methods The Kids' Inpatient Database for 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was queried for admissions with the diagnosis of SGS. Surgical caseload was studied using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Accreditation data system for 2010 to 2017. Results Admissions with SGS remained constant between 2003 and 2012. Hospital charges per admission did not change between 2003 and 2009 but increased in 2012. Tracheostomy decreased from 10.5% of admissions in 2003 to 6.8% in 2012. The percentage requiring repair of the larynx did not change; other operations on the larynx increased from 4.5% in 2003 to 11.6% in 2012. The median number of laryngoplasties performed per trainee decreased from 14 to nine between 2010 and 2017, whereas the number of laryngoscopy with intervention procedures increased from 34 to 56. Conclusions The evolution of SGS management appears to have led to a decrease in tracheostomy and an increase in certain procedures that may include endoscopic procedures. Recently, there has been a shift in airway surgical training, with trainees logging less open laryngotracheoplasty and more interventional laryngoscopy. Although these trends cannot be directly linked, the changes in trainee surgical experience may be justified by the decrease in larger open procedures and associated resource utilization. Level of evidence 2c Laryngoscope, 2020.
The Role and Influence of Performance in School Music Programs: A Grounded Theory:

The purpose of this grounded theory research was to investigate music teachers’ perceptions of the role and influence of performances in K–12 music programs and the processes by which these perform...
Abstract P106: Polysynaptic Neurotracing Of Autonomic Nuclei Projecting To Cardiovascular And Metabolic Organs

Central nervous system (CNS) autonomic network plays an important role in energy homeostasis, and cardiovascular function with important pathophysiological implications. Previous studies employing ...
Injuries to Children and Adolescents by Law Enforcement: An Analysis of California Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations, 2005-2017.

This observational study evaluates the demographic and temporal distributions of hospital-treated injuries perpetrated by law enforcement among youth at the intersection of age, sex, and race and ethnicity
Globalization and Mass Politics: Retaining the Room to Maneuver

This book analyzes how increases in international trade, finance, and production have altered voter decisions, political party positions, and the types of public issues that parties focus on in postindustrial democracies. Although many studies interrogate whether internationalization matters in regard to policy outcomes and how globalization relates to mass protest, few examine globalization and mass politics more generally. This book argues that by reducing the room in which to maneuver in policy making, globalization reduces the importance of economic-based issues while increasing the electoral importance of non-economic issues. The argument is tested on original and existing data sources.
Hexokinase Inhibition after the Addition of Glucose to Ehrlich-Lettré Ascites Tumor Cells under Aerobiosis

Abstract Some kinetic properties of the soluble and the mitochondrially bound hexokinases of Ehrlich-Lettre ascites tumor cells were examined. Both enzyme forms were essentially kinetically identical, and both were found to be exceedingly sensitive to inhibition by glucose-6-phosphate. Ki values in the absence of Pi at 1 and at 2 mm ATP were 0.019 and 0.035 mm glucose-6-P, respectively, for the bound enzyme. In agreement with the results of others, added Pi (3 mm) increased the Ki values to 0.034, 0.045, and 0.060 mm glucose-6-P at 1, 2.5, and 5 mm ATP, respectively. Glucose-6-P was a mixed inhibitor with respect to ATP. A 90 to 95% inhibition of hexokinase was found when the ratio of ATP to glucose-6-P approached 3 at 1 mm ATP and 3 mm Pi. A comparison of these kinetic results with the ATP and glucose-6-P levels observed in intact Ehrlich-Lettre ascites cells incubated in air indicated that the marked inhibition of glucose uptake which begins 1 to 2 min after glucose addition may be explained by the hexokinase inhibition expected because of the accumulated glucose-6-P. It does not appear necessary to postulate other hexokinase control mechanisms in these cells.
A Preliminary Study of Spacecraft for Manned Mars Orbiting and Landing Missions

Preliminary study of spacecraft design factors for manned mars orbiting and landing missions
Depth-independent reproductive characteristics for the Caribbean reef-building coral Montastraea faveolata

Photosynthetic, growth, and reproductive characters for colonies of the massive coral Montastraea faveolata were measured at 3-m-depth and 18-m-depth populations in the Florida Keys in 1993 to investigate reproductive behavior across depth. I tested the hypothesis that reproductive traits would exhibit depth-related decreases similar to those documented for photosynthetically derived energy availability and growth rate. Colonies at the 18 m site had significantly reduced access to photosynthetically derived energy compared to colonies at 3 m depth. Linear skeletal extension rates were also reduced at the deep site (mean±SE; 3 m: 6.13 mm year−1±0.35; 18 m: 3.44 mm year−1±0.36; P<0.001). Contrary to expectations, depth did not affect most reproductive characters. Reproductive allocation, the amount of lipid invested in reproduction, was similar between depths (3 m: 3.74 mg lipid cm−2±0.55; 18 m: 3.88 mg lipid cm−2±0.62; P<0.8). Reproductive effort, the proportion of total lipid invested in reproduction, was also similar between sites (3 m: 41.4%±4.7; 18 m: 47.3%±7.12; P<0.163). Colonies within a depth did differ significantly in many gametic characteristics including eggs per gonad, total egg area, spermary area, total gonad area, and male allocation (the proportion of total gonad area invested in spermary tissue), but only total egg area differed between depths, and this was greater at 18 m (3 m: 55.63 μm2×104±4.76; 18 m: 60.51 μm2×104±3.41; P<0.035). Colonies at the two sites had similar polyp fecundity (egg production per polyp); however, a difference in polyp density between sites (3 m: 5.56 polyps cm−2±0.21; 18 m: 4.87 polyps cm−2±0.15; P<0.028) resulted in a significant reduction in area fecundity (egg production per square centimeter) at the 18 m site (3 m: 554 eggs cm−2±27.9; 18 m: 422 eggs cm−2±31.0; P<0.045). Thus, there was a depth-related fecundity cost arising from a change in colony architecture (i.e. polyp spacing) rather than a direct effect of depth on the number of eggs produced per polyp. Egg production per gonad was positively correlated between 1993 and 1994 (r=0.540, P<0.05), indicating that other reproductive characteristics may also be stable between years.
The Necessity of Using Realistic Descriptions of Transport Processes in Modeling the Solar Atmosphere, and the Importance of Understanding Chromospheric Heating*

Three points and research directions are discussed: The outstanding problem of identifying the mechanisms of solar atmospheric heating and wind acceleration can be solved only by combining quantitative models that include realistic descriptions of relevant transport processes with observational constraints on the inputs and outputs of these models. Most solar atmospheric heating, with the possible exception of flares, takes place in the chromosphere, emphasizing the importance of identifying the mechanisms of chromospheric heating, which may be important for understanding coronal heating and wind acceleration. Recent modeling leads to the conclusion that the onset of proton magnetization with increasing height in thin magnetic flux tubes triggers the onset of chromospheric network heating by resistive dissipation of Pedersen currents driven by the convection electric field of slow, longitudinal magnetoacoustic waves.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of Pb4(OH)44

Abstract The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of Pb4(OH)44+ are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes and compared against the available experimental data. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of the four types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (P–O stretch, O–H stretch, O–H wag, and P–O–P bend) utilizing the Td symmetry of the molecule. The molecular orbitals of Pb4(OH)44+ are examined.
Measurements vs. Bits: Compressed Sensing meets Information Theory

Compressed sensing is a new framework for acquiring sparse signals based on the revelation that a small number of linear projections (measurements) of the signal contain enough information for its reconstruction. The foundation of Compressed sensing is built on the availability of noise-free measurements. However, measurement noise is unavoidable in analog systems and must be accounted for. We demonstrate that measurement noise is the crucial factor that dictates the number of measurements needed for reconstruction. To establish this result, we evaluate the information contained in the measurements by viewing the measurement system as an information theoretic channel. Combining the capacity of this channel with the ratedistortion function of the sparse signal, we lower bound the rate-distortion performance of a compressed sensing system. Our approach concisely captures the effect of measurement noise on the performance limits of signal reconstruction, thus enabling to benchmark the performance of specific reconstruction algorithms.
I/O Trees and Interactive Lazy Functional Programming

Computer programs interact with users, and programmers must describe this interaction when they write programs. Programming languages usually allow programmers to describe this interaction with primitive read and write functions. The situation is not so simple in the realm of lazy functional languages. Because read and write are not referentially transparent, programmers cannot use them in lazy functional languages.
Composants of the Stone–Čech remainder of the reals

Abstract This is a survey describing Mary Ellen Rudin's theorem about the number of composants of the Stone–Cech remainder of a half-line and subsequent related work, especially the principle of near coherence of filters.
Overcoming: A Concept Analysis

BACKGROUND. Nurses often work with individuals and populations striving to improve or maintain the quality of their lives. Many, struggling from complex health and social problems, are challenged to surmount barriers to achieve this goal. The growing number of homeless families in the United States represent one such cohort. AIMS. To develop an operational definition of overcoming and explicate its meaning, attributes, and characteristics as it relates to homeless families. METHODS. Using the concept analysis method described by Walker and Avant, along with an extensive literature review, and sample cases pertaining to family homelessness, we delineated the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept, overcoming. CONCLUSION. The results of this concept analysis, particularly the relationship of overcoming to family homelessness, provide guidance for further conceptualization and empirical testing, as well as for clinical practice.
Proposed GPC and intrinsic viscosity analyses of randomly crosslinked polymers having primary distributions of the schulz‐zimm form

A mathematical treatment is presented for the gel-permeation chromatographic and intrinsic viscosity behavior of randomly crosslinked polymers having primary molecular weight distributions of the Schulz-Zimm form. Kimura's serial solution of the integro-differential equation derived by Saito for randomly crosslinked polymers is employed for the distribution function. The intrinsic viscosity of a molecule containing i crosslinks is assumed related to that of a linear molecule of the same number of units through [η]br/ = gi½[η]l where gi = (Rbr2)i/Rl2 = {[1 + (i/6)]½ + (4i/3π)}−½. Rbrand Rl denoting the root-mean-square radii of gyration of branched and linear chains of the same mass. It is also assumed that GPC elution is controlled by the hydrodynamic volumes of the molecules. Representative calculation results are displayed for polymers with a narrow primary distribution and the “most probable” primary distribution. Results for the latter polymers are compared with those previously obtained by a somewhat different mathematical approach.
Roles of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in megakaryopoiesis and platelet function: studies using a megakaryocyte lineage–specific FAK knockout

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a key role in mediating signaling downstream of integrins and growth factor receptors. In this study, we determined the roles of FAK in vivo by generating a megakaryocyte lineage–specific FAK-null mouse (Pf4-Cre/FAK-floxed). Megakaryocyte and platelet FAK expression was ablated in Pf4-Cre/FAK-floxed mice without affecting expression of the FAK homologue PYK2, although PYK2 phosphorylation was increased in FAK−/− megakaryocytes in response to fibrinogen. Megakaryopoiesis is greatly enhanced in Pf4-Cre/FAK-floxed mice, with significant increases in megakaryocytic progenitors (CFU-MK), mature megakaryocytes, megakaryocyte ploidy, and moderate increases in resting platelet number and platelet recovery following a thrombocytopenic stress. Thrombopoietin (Tpo)–mediated activation of Lyn kinase, a negative regulator of megakaryopoiesis, is severely attenuated in FAK-null megakaryocytes compared with wild-type controls. In contrast, Tpo-mediated activation of positive megakaryopoiesis regulators such as ERK1/2 and AKT is increased in FAK-null megakaryocytes, providing a plausible explanation for the observed increases in megakaryopoiesis in these mice. In Pf4-Cre/FAK-floxed mice, rebleeding times are significantly increased, and FAK-null platelets exhibit diminished spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. These studies establish clear roles for FAK in megakaryocyte growth and platelet function, setting the stage for manipulation of this component of the Tpo signaling apparatus for therapeutic benefit.
Regional Market Integration and the Development of Global Norms for Enterprise Conduct The Case of International Bribery

Moving toward a possible transatlantic free trade area (TAFTA), the European Union (EU) and the United States reached an accord in December 1995 to collaborate on 150 policy issues. Regional market...
Fine-particle iron-cobalt magnet achievements in the permanent-magnet industry

Experiences of the past decade in developing and utilizing Fe-Co fine-particle magnets are described. A brief review of theoretical considerations involved and the extent to which theoretical promise has been realized in a commercial process is discussed. The wide range of unit magnetic properties obtained by spacing and ordering the fine-particle building blocks are given. Cold pressing and extrusion-forming techniques have contributed to the many combinations of mechanical and magnetic property variation available. Some of the unique experiences in utilizing fine-particle magnets in magnetic circuits and devices are described. The close magnetic and physical tolerances of fine-particle magnets have had an important impact on the small electromechanical device area. Specific examples of unique designs are described in terms of a small dc motor, a core meter, a hearing aid, and the reed switches.
Health status and plasma dioxin levels in chloracne cases 20 years after the Seveso, Italy accident

Summary Background The Seveso, Italy accident of 1976 exposed a large population to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or simply dioxin). The accident resulted, mostly among children, in one of the largest ever-reported outbreaks of chloracne, the typical skin disorder due to halogenated-hydrocarbon compounds. Objectives Approximately 20 years after the accident, we conducted an epidemiological study in Seveso to investigate (a) the health status of chloracne cases; (b) TCDD-chloracne exposure–response relationship; and (c) factors modifying TCDD toxicity. Methods From 1993 to 1998, we recruited 101 chloracne cases and 211 controls. Trained interviewers administered a structured questionnaire assessing, among other epidemiological variables, information on an extensive list of diseases. During the interview, individual pigmentary characteristics were determined. We measured plasma TCDD levels using high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results Plasma TCDD was still elevated (> 10 ppt) in 78 (26·6%) of the 293 subjects with adequate plasma samples, particularly in females, in subjects who had eaten home-grown animals, and in individuals with older age, higher body mass index and residence near the accident site. After 20 years, health conditions of chloracne cases were similar to those of controls from the Seveso area. Elevated plasma TCDD was associated with chloracne [odds ratio (OR) = 3·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–8·8, adjusted for age, sex and residence]. Chloracne risk was higher in subjects younger than 8 years at the accident (OR = 7·4, 95% CI 1·8–30·3) and, contrary to previous hypotheses, did not increase at puberty onset or in teenage years. Subjects with elevated TCDD levels and light hair colour had higher relative odds of chloracne (OR = 9·2, 95% CI 2·6–32·5). Conclusions Dioxin toxicity in chloracne cases was confined to the acute dermatotoxic effects. Chloracne occurrence appeared related to younger age and light hair colour. Age-related dioxin elimination or dilution must be taken into account in interpreting these results.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS IN MICROORGANISMS

Abstract In the presence of fluorouracil, small ribosomes accumulate in cells of Candida utilis. Exogenous and endogenous amino acids pile up in a metabolic pool. Other analogs have similar effects. The inhibition of synthesis of functional ribosomes decreases protein synthesis and leads to a pool accumulation of the most rapidly utilized amino acids.
Numerical simulations of dynamic/aerodynamic interactions

Abstract The vortex-lattice and vortex-panel methods for general, unsteady, incompressible aerodynamics are described. These methods can treat multiple lifting surfaces operating in close proximity, fully accounting for interference. They are not limited by planform, camber, twist, or maneuver as long as separation occurs only along known lines and vortex bursting does not occur near one of the lifting surfaces. Steady flows can be treated efficiently as special cases of uniform motion. Several examples are presented as a partial illustration of the range of problems that can be treated. These include (a) steady and unsteady flows over rectangular and delta wings, (b) pitch control and ground effects, (c) numerical simulation of the subsonic wing-rock phenomenon and its control, (d) steady and unsteady interference among two canards and a wing, and (e) numerical simulation of subsonic flutter. In the numerical simulation of wing-rock, the equation governing the motion of a delta wing mounted on a free-to-roll string and a control law governing the deflections of the ailerons are integrated numerically by a predictor-corrector method with the aerodynamic roll moment being supplied by the vortex-lattice method. This numerical solution determines the motion of the wing, its ailerons, and the flowfield simultaneously, fully accounting for the aerodynamic/dynamic/control interaction. The numerical solutions are in good agreement with available experimental data.
HMGB1 Enhances Immune Suppression by Facilitating the Differentiation and Suppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Chronic inflammation often precedes malignant transformation and later drives tumor progression. Likewise, subversion of the immune system plays a role in tumor progression, with tumoral immune escape now well recognized as a crucial hallmark of cancer. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are elevated in most individuals with cancer, where their accumulation and suppressive activity are driven by inflammation. Thus, MDSCs may define an element of the pathogenic inflammatory processes that drives immune escape. The secreted alarmin HMGB1 is a proinflammatory partner, inducer, and chaperone for many proinflammatory molecules that MDSCs develop. Therefore, in this study, we examined HMGB1 as a potential regulator of MDSCs. In murine tumor systems, HMGB1 was ubiquitous in the tumor microenvironment, activating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway in MDSCs and regulating their quantity and quality. We found that HMGB1 promotes the development of MDSCs from bone marrow progenitor cells, contributing to their ability to suppress antigen-driven activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, HMGB1 increased MDSC-mediated production of IL-10, enhanced crosstalk between MDSCs and macrophages, and facilitated the ability of MDSCs to downregulate expression of the T-cell homing receptor L-selectin. Overall, our results revealed a pivotal role for HMGB1 in the development and cancerous contributions of MDSCs.
Electronic and structural properties of plasma-deposited a-Si:O:H - The story of O2

Abstract Measurements of luminescence, optical absorption and infrared vibrational spectra are reported for thin films plasma-deposited from SiH4/O2/Ar mixtures. The addition of oxygen causes the optical absorption edge and luminescence peak position to shift monotonically to higher photon energy. Increases in the luminescence peak width and in the temperature of thermal quenching result in room temperature luminescence in the visible at high oxygen contents.
SDI Unconventional Imaging Systems

Summary form only given, as follows. Unconventional "Pupil Plane" Imaging systems, that are currently being investigated under SDIO Innovative Science and Technology Directorate Sponsorship, will be described. Reasons for SDIO interest in these systems approaches will be discussed, and the status/potential of enabling technologies will be reviewed.
Deformation detection on composite reflectance surfaces using two-image photometric stereo

We present a new two-image photometric stereo method that is capable of determining surface deformations when extended light sources are used and the imager and light sources are close to the surface. Surface reflectance is modeled using a linear combination of Lambertian, backscatter, and new extended-source Phong specular reflection component models. The ambiguity resulting from using only two light sources is resolved in the surface normal integration phase, in which the resulting surface is constrained to being a valid image-based triangular facet surface. The method has been tested on an application involving waste-storage drum inspection and yields good accuracy.
Sumoylation and Nuclear Translocation of S100A4 Regulate IL-1β-mediated Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13

S100A4, a member of the S100 family of proteins, plays an important role in matrix remodeling by up-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We have previously shown that S100A4 is overexpressed in diseased cartilage and that extracellular S100A4 stimulates MMP-13 production, a major type II collagen-degrading enzyme, via activation of receptor for advanced glycation end product signaling. In the present study, using human articular chondrocytes, we show that intracellular S100A4 translocated into the nucleus upon interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation and translocation required post-translational modification of S100A4 by the sumo-1 protein. Two sumoylation sites were identified on the S100A4 molecule, Lys22 and Lys96. Mutation of these lysine residues abolished the ability of S100A4 to be sumoylated and to translocate into the nucleus. Blocking of sumoylation and nuclear transport of S100A4 inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of MMP-13. Nuclear S100A4 was bound to the promoter region of MMP-13 in IL-1β-treated cells. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for sumoylated S100A4 as a regulator of expression of the MMP-13 gene.
Universally manipulable body models--dual quaternion representations in layered and dynamic MMCs

Surprisingly complex tasks can be solved using a behaviour-based, reactive control system, i.e., a system that operates without an explicit internal representation of the environment and the own body. Nevertheless, application of internal representations has gained interest in recent years because such internal representations can be used to solve problems of perception and motor control (sensor fusion, inverse modeling) and may in addition be applied to higher cognitive functions as are the ability to plan ahead. To endow such a system with the ability to find new behavioural solutions to a given problem in a broad range of possibilities, the internal representation must be universally manipulable, i.e. the model should be able to simulate all movements that are physically possible for the body given. Using recurrent neural networks, models showing this faculty have been proposed being based on the principle of mean of multiple computation (MMC). The extension of this approach to three dimensions requires the introduction of a joint angle representation which allows for computation of mean values. Here we use dual quaternions that are singularity-free and unambiguous which allow for shortest path interpolation. In addition, it has been shown that dual quaternions are the most efficient and most compact form for representing rigid transformations. The model can easily be adapted to bodies of arbitrary geometries. The extended MMC net introduced in this article represents a holistic system that can--following the principle of pattern completion--likewise be used as an inverse model, a forward model, for sensor fusion or other, related capabilities.
On Low Power Fractional Motion Estimation Algorithms for H.264

Motion estimation in H.264/AVC, is done in two parts -- integer-pel motion estimation, and fractional-pel motion estimation. In the past, we have proposed new algorithms and architectures for integer-pel motion estimation. In this paper, we propose an efficient, low power algorithm and its co-designed VLSI architecture for fractional-pel motion estimation in H.264/AVC. We use a simplified FIR filter for half-pel interpolation. Usage of this filter reduces the required number of computations and the memory size and bandwidth for half-pel interpolation. Simulations are used to compare our algorithm with the state-of-the-art, in terms of rate-distortion performance and computational complexity. Our results show that our algorithm on average has better rate-distortion performance, compared to previous state-of-the-art fractional-pel ME algorithms, while its performance is comparable to fractional-pel ME in H.264/AVC.
Synthesis and Control of Flexible Systems with Component-Level Uncertainties

An efficient and computationally robust method for synthesis of component dynamics is developed. The method defines the interface forces/moments as feasible vectors in transformed coordinates to ensure that connectivity requirements of the combined structure are met. The synthesized system is then defined in a transformed set of feasible coordinates. The simplicity of form is exploited to effectively deal with modeling parametric and non-parametric uncertainties at the substructure level. Uncertainty models of reasonable size and complexity are synthesized for the combined structure from those in the substructure models. In particular, we address frequency and damping uncertainties at the component level. The approach first considers the robustness of synthesized flexible systems. It is then extended to deal with non-synthesized dynamic models with component-level uncertainties by projecting uncertainties to the system level. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Direct Chromatin PCR (DC-PCR): Hypotonic Conditions Allow Differentiation of Chromatin States during Thermal Cycling

Current methods to study chromatin configuration are not well suited for high throughput drug screening since they require large cell numbers and multiple experimental steps that include centrifugation for isolation of nuclei or DNA. Here we show that site specific chromatin analysis can be achieved in one step by simply performing direct chromatin PCR (DC-PCR) on cells. The basic underlying observation was that standard hypotonic PCR buffers prevent global cellular chromatin solubilization during thermal cycling while more loosely organized chromatin can be amplified. Despite repeated heating to >90°C, 41 of 61 tested 5′ sequences of silenced genes (CDKN2A, PU.1, IRF4, FOSB, CD34) were not amplifiable while 47 could be amplified from expressing cells. Two gene regions (IRF4, FOSB) even required pre-heating of cells in isotonic media to allow this differentiation; otherwise none of 19 assayed sequences yielded PCR products. Cells with baseline expression or epigenetic reactivation gave similar DC-PCR results. Silencing during differentiation of CD34 positive cord blood cells closed respective chromatin while treatment of myeloma cells with an IRF4 transcriptional inhibitor opened a site to DC-PCR that was occupied by RNA polymerase II and NFκB as determined by ChIP. Translation into real-time PCR can not be achieved with commercial real-time PCR buffers which potently open chromatin, but even with simple ethidium bromide addition to standard PCR mastermix we were able to identify hits in small molecules screens that suppressed IRF4 expression or reactivated CDKN2A in myeloma cells using densitometry or visual inspection of PCR plates under UV light. While need in drug development inspired this work, application to genome-wide analysis appears feasible using phi29 for selective amplification of open cellular chromatin followed by library construction from supernatants since such supernatants yielded similar results as gene specific DC-PCR.
Aging and the Public Health Effects of Dementia

Dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in particular, is one of the principal causes of disability and decreased quality of life among the elderly and a leading obstacle to successful aging.1,2 In the n...
An examination of the time course of training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is typically considered to be a slow process. However, this is partly because the time course for hypertrophy has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to use weekly testing to determine a precise time course of skeletal muscle hypertrophy during a resistance training program. Twenty-five healthy, sedentary men performed 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance training. Whole muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dominant thigh was assessed using a peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner during each week of training (W1–W8). Isometric maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) were also measured each week. After only two training sessions (W1), the mean thigh muscle CSA increased by 5.0 cm2 (3.46%; p < 0.05) from the pre-testing (P1) and continued to increase with each testing session. It is possible that muscular edema may have influenced the early CSA results. To adjust for this possibility, with edema assumedly at its highest at W1, the next significant increase from W1 was at W3. W4 was the first significant increase of MVC over P1. Therefore, significant skeletal muscle hypertrophy likely occurred around weeks 3–4. Overall, from the pre-testing to W8, there was an increase of 13.9 cm2 (9.60%). These findings suggested that training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy may occur early in a training program.
How Notch establishes longitudinal axon connections between successive segments of the Drosophila CNS

Development of the segmented central nerve cords of vertebrates and invertebrates requires connecting successive neuromeres. Here, we show both how a pathway is constructed to guide pioneer axons between segments of the Drosophila CNS, and how motility of the pioneers along that pathway is promoted. First, canonical Notch signaling in specialized glial cells causes nearby differentiating neurons to extrude a mesh of fine projections, and shapes that mesh into a continuous carpet that bridges from segment to segment, hugging the glial surface. This is the direct substratum that pioneer axons follow as they grow. Simultaneously, Notch uses an alternate, non-canonical signaling pathway in the pioneer growth cones themselves, promoting their motility by suppressing Abl signaling to stimulate filopodial growth while presumably reducing substratum adhesion. This propels the axons as they establish the connection between successive segments.
Methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate: Identification in rat liver extracts

L'identification du produit se fait par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et spectrometrie de masse
Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI)-1 Expression in a Human Trophoblast Cell Line by Glucocorticoid (GC) and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 plays a key role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and cellular invasion by virtue of suppression of plasminogen activator function. Excessive production of placental PAI-1 has been associated with aberrant periplacental fibrin deposition in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In the current study we used HTR-8/SVneo cells and primary cultures of cytotrophoblasts as models for study of PAI-1 regulation by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC). ELISA and Northern blotting assays revealed that DEX treatment significantly enhanced TGF-β effects on PAI-1 protein and mRNA expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells and cytotrophoblasts. These effects were GC-specific in that DEX and cortisol, but not estradiol, progesterone or testosterone, augmented PAI-1 levels in TGF-β-treated cells. Conversely, DEX and TGF-β treatment suppressed PAI-2 levels in HTR-8/SVneo cells and did not affect PAI-2 levels in cytotrophoblasts. PAI-1 promoter assays revealed that TGF-β, but not DEX, enhanced PAI-1 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells through a transcriptional mechanism. These results suggest that GC and TGF-β may alter fibrinolytic and invasive properties of trophoblasts through their effects on PAI-1 expression.
The influence of fat deposits on the basal rate of metabolism in desert homoiotherms.

1. 1. The low basal rates of metabolism found in the canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus, and the naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber, are not due to the accumulation of large amounts of depot fat, but can be interpreted as adaptations to their respective environments. 2. 2. Present information suggests that moderate amounts of fat (maximally about 20 per cent of total weight) are within “standard” conditions. 3. 3. Desert homoiotherms tend to store fat for use during the hot, dry summers at a time when the food intake is reduced because of a reduced water intake.
Tendances et toxicomanie : concepts, méthodes, résultats

Resume Le travail d’identification des tendances dans le champ de la toxicomanie correspond a une veritable activite scientifique. Il repose sur des bases conceptuelles et epistemologiques qui proviennent tout autant des sciences sociales que de l’epidemiologie. L’identification des tendances dans ce domaine ne peut etre envisagee qu’avec prudence et un tant soit peu de recul. Elle ne peut pas etre assimilee a une analyse empirique et menee a court terme. Les donnees epidemiologiques et ethnographiques dont nous disposons suggerent que les consommations d’heroine en France restent bien etablies, dans le contexte d’une progression certaine de l’usage de la cocaine, du crack et des amphetamines. Une vision prospective des tendances en cours est enfin discutee.
Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic methionine choline-deficient diet

The methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet results in liver injury similar to human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aims of this study were to define mechanisms of MCD-induced steatosis in insulin-resistant db/db and insulin-sensitive db/m mice. MCD-fed db/db mice developed more hepatic steatosis and retained more insulin resistance than MCD-fed db/m mice. Both subcutaneous and gonadal fat were reduced by MCD feeding: gonadal fat decreased by 23% in db/db mice and by 90% in db/m mice. Weight loss was attenuated in the db/db mice, being only 13% compared with 35% in MCD-fed db/db and db/m mice, respectively. Both strains had upregulation of hepatic fatty acid transport proteins as well as increased hepatic uptake of [14C]oleic acid: 3-fold in db/m mice (P < 0.001) and 2-fold in db/db mice (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks of MCD feeding. In both murine strains, the MCD diet reduced triglyceride secretion and downregulated genes involved in triglyceride synthesis. Therefore, increased fatty acid uptake and decreased VLDL secretion represent two important mechanisms by which the MCD diet promotes intrahepatic lipid accumulation in this model. Feeding the MCD diet to diabetic rodents broadens the applicability of this model for the study of human NASH.
Temperature dependence of H saturation and isotope exchange

Abstract The retention, release, and isotope exchange of ion implanted hydrogen and deuterium in oarbon and Tic have been investigated as a function of temperature. The implantations were performed both at room and elevated temperatures. In addition, samples implanted at room temperature were annealed isochronally to measure the thermal release of hydrogen. The results of the experiments indicate that both the saturation and isotopic exchange properties of hydrogen are dependent on both temperature and damage producing processes.
Abstract 1822: Decision making and cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL INTRODUCTION: Although the disparity in clinical trial participation is well documented, the main reason why African Americans and the medically underserved do not participate in cancer clinical trials (CCT) has not been agreed upon. It is apparent that new policies and initiatives are required to ensure minority access to CCT and applicability of subsequent results from CCT. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted to explore issues of fear and mistrust in CCT participation. Participants were asked questions regarding their perceptions of cancer, research, cancer clinical trials; attitudes toward participation in clinical trials; and the effect of trust in decision-making. Afterward, participants completed a survey, a modification of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale to assess trust in medical research study. One field expert and one medical student independently reviewed the tapes, transcripts, and surveys from the interviews for themes, trends, and congruence. Saturation was achieved at eight interviews. RESULTS: Eight African Americans, 7 female and 1 male, participated. Three themes emerged related to decision making and CCT participation: 1) Motivation to participate comes from believing what they were doing would help those coming after them; 2) Trusted sources for CCT information include the research team, primary care providers, and trusted individuals; 3) Final decision making, based on all of the advice and information given, would be theirs to make. CONCLUSION: Potential African American participants in CCT have many trusted sources to turn to and receive advice regarding their decision to participate or not. However, they will listen to the CCT research team and their primary care providers, especially if what they perceive is a trusting and open relationship is established. Given that these potential participants are the ones who make the final decisions, just as much of an effort should be placed on making sure that they have all of the information that they want, whether these conversations are with researchers or primary care providers who know about CCT. An emphasis on how potential African American participants can contribute to CCT and positively affect the lives of other African Americans with the same diagnoses should also be made. Results from this study and a previous study will form the basis for an intervention study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1822