cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid grid/basis set discretizations of the Schrödinger equation

We present a new kind of basis function for discretizing the Schrodinger equation in electronic structure calculations, called a gausslet, which has wavelet-like features but is composed of a sum of Gaussians. Gausslets are placed on a grid and combine advantages of both grid and basis set approaches. They are orthogonal, infinitely smooth, symmetric, polynomially complete, and with a high degree of locality. Because they are formed from Gaussians, they are easily combined with traditional atom-centered Gaussian bases. We also introduce diagonal approximations that dramatically reduce the computational scaling of two-electron Coulomb terms in the Hamiltonian.
Simulation on Electrical Field Generation by Hall Effect in No-Insulation REBCO Pancake Coils

The no-insulation (NI) winding technique is one of the most promising high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil protection methods to realize the practical use of HTS magnets. Many NI REBa $_{2}$ Cu $_{3}$ O $_{7-x}$ (REBCO, RE = Rare Earth) magnets have been developed to generate ultrahigh magnetic fields for NMR or MRI magnets. When NI REBCO magnets are operated in a high magnetic field, uncommon phenomena can be observed, because the NI REBCO magnets have multicomplicated current paths. An unexpected voltage rise was experimentally observed during charging NI coils or after quench. The cause of such a voltage rise cannot be explained by means of a partial element equivalent circuit method, which was proposed to clarify such complicated current behavior. We think one of causes is an electric field generation by Hall effect. In this paper, therefore, we will investigate the electrical field behavior of NI REBCO coils by Hall effect. An unforeseen voltage would appear between terminals.
Occupational Therapy in an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program: Performance and Satisfaction Outcomes

In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a community-based, occupational therapy intervention situated within an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP). Occupational therapy interventions addressed goals of participants with chronic stroke and aphasia for improving their satisfaction with and performance of instrumental activities of daily living, social participation, leisure, work, and volunteer activities. Over 3 yr, 19 people with chronic stroke and aphasia participated in a month-long, intensive, interprofessional, community-based program. Significant improvement in participation in valued activities was demonstrated on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (p < .01), goal attainment scaling (p < .01), and two domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (p < .05). We conclude that occupational therapy using collaborative goal setting and problem solving as part of an interprofessional team may be an important component to include in ICAPs to address functional participation goals.
Treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma complicated by cardiac extramedullary plasmacytoma with D-PACE chemotherapy

Cardiac extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are rare and may be a seen as a complication of multiple myeloma (MM) or in isolation. Here, we describe a case of cardiac EMP that presented clinically as a congestive heart failure exacerbation in a patient with relapsed and refractory IgG lambda MM. We highlight radiographic imaging in conjunction with laboratory biomarkers at presentation and in response to D-PACE (dexamethasone, cisplatin (Platinol), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide and etoposide) systemic chemotherapy.
Vitamin C reduced the incidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy after wrist fracture.

Zollinger PE, Tuinebreijer WE, Kreis RW, Breederveld RS. Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Dec 11;354:2025-8. Question: In patients with wrist fractures, does vitamin C reduce the incidence of posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)? Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Setting: A …
Absorption of Gases at Condensing and Evaporating Water Surfaces

Single water droplets, 0.23 cm in diameter were suspended at 5.5°C in a warm (22°C) nitrogen stream (50 cm/sec) containing various concentrations of SO2 (1000–3000 ppm) and water vapor (6.8–16.9 mm Hg). In a separate series of tests, the SO2 was replaced by O2 in the 21–80 percent range. The droplets were exposed for fixed time intervals, and then removed and analyzed for total sulfur oxide or O2 content. The temperature of the droplet was monitored during the exposure time. Water vapor concentration in the bulk gas phase as well as SO2/O2 concentration determined the equilibrium saturation concentration of gas transferred to the water which was always less than that at thermal equilibrium. The rate of mass transfer was controlled by heat transfer to the droplets. A mechanism is proposed whereby hydrate formation at the water surface explains the results observed.
Countering SoTL Marginalization: A Model for Integrating SoTL with Institutional Initiatives

Despite SoTL’s development as a movement, most SoTL work remains institutionally marginalized at the level of classroom inquiry. Institutional planners do not come looking for SoTL to guide their efforts to improve the institution, even when institutional initiatives are squarely centered on teaching and learning. The chasm between SoTL and the institutional radar screen is wide and rarely traveled. Countering the marginalization from the institution that has plagued SoTL up to this point in its evolution requires a process that identifies a common intersection. Research-based frameworks about student learning, such as the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), can serve as a connective tissue that forges the intersection between SoTL and institutional initiatives. As the connective tissue between SoTL inquiry and institutional priorities is grown, SoTL will “advance practice beyond” and impact institutional decision making and planning, and the broader landscape of institutional initiatives that intersect with learning and teaching.
Far Cortical Locking Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures is Dominated by Shear at Clinically Relevant Bridge Spans.

Objectives Far cortical locking (FCL) constructs have been shown to increase axial interfragmentary displacement while limiting shear and have been specifically recommended in the treatment of distal femur fractures. However, there is no available data regarding their mechanical behavior within the range of bridge spans typically used for comminuted distal femur fractures. This biomechanical study of distal femur locked plate fixation assessed 4 methods of diaphyseal fixation for associated axial and shear displacement at bridge spans typically used in clinical practice. Methods Distal femur locking plates were used to bridge simulated fractures in femur surrogates with 4 different methods of diaphyseal fixation (bicortical locking, bicortical nonlocking, near cortical locking, and FCL). Axial and shear displacement were assessed at 5 different bridge spans for each fixation method. Results Diaphyseal fixation type was associated with the amount of shear (P = 0.04), but not the amount of axial displacement (P = 0.39). Specifically, FCL constructs demonstrated greater shear than bicortical locking (median 4.57 vs. 2.94 mm, P = 0.02) and bicortical nonlocking (median 4.57 vs. 3.41 mm, P = 0.02) constructs. Conclusions Unexpectedly, FCL constructs demonstrated greater shear than bicortical locking and nonlocking constructs and similar axial displacement for all fixation methods. Bridge span had a dominant effect on displacement that interacted negatively with more flexible FCL diaphyseal fixation. Potentially interactive construct features are best studied in concert. Given the complexity of these relationships, computational modeling will likely play an integral role in future mechanotransduction research.
The Impact of the Great Recession on Long-Term Services and Supports in the United States and England.

The Great Recession substantially affected most developed countries. How countries responded to the Great Recession varied greatly, especially in terms of public spending. We examine the impact of ...
In Their Own Words: Gender Differences in Student Perceptions of Pair Programming

Women continue to be underrepresented in computer science. Previous research has identified factors that contribute to women's decisions to pursue computing-related majors, but in order to truly address the problem of underrepresentation, we need to develop a deeper understanding of women's experiences within computer science courses. Pair programming is demonstrably beneficial in many ways, and we hypothesize that there are gender differences in student perceptions of this widely used collaboration framework. To explore these differences and move toward a thorough understanding of students' experiences, this paper investigates students' written responses about their experiences with pair programming in a university-level introductory computer science course. Using thematic analysis, we identified overarching themes and distinguished between what men and women reported. Both women and men wrote about their overwhelmingly positive perceptions of pair programming. Women often mentioned that pair programming helps with engagement, feeling less frustrated, building confidence, and making friends. Women also noted that it is easier to learn from peers. These findings shed light on how pair programming may lower barriers to women's participation and retention in computing and inform ongoing efforts to create more inclusive spaces in computing education.
Mudrooroo, aboriginal writer of many identities

We mark the passing of a giant of ethnic literature in Australia, and across the English-speaking world. He was the premier Indigenous poet, novelist, essayist, playwright, and academic of the gene...
Methodology of using PAAW and the Underlying Support Network of an L-PBF Part to Facilitate Machining

Abstract The Laser- Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process is currently used to print geometrically complex, thin walled, metallic parts. Critical features on these parts must be machined. Unfortunately, the parts are difficult to fixture without clamping distortion, and are susceptible to machining chatter. This paper describes a methodology in which the underlying support network that is used to facilitate printing is used to mitigate these machining problems. For the first machining operation, the support network is adhered to a Photo-Activated Adhesive Workholding (PAAW) fixture to achieve five-sided cutting tool access and minimum cutting tool overhangs. Subsequently all of the critical geometry above the network is machined. In the second operation, the support network is machined away to create new geometry at the former support-solid metal interfaces. Tool paths are chosen to take advantage of the stiffness imparted by the network. The potential advantages of this approach are that it simplifies the machining sequence and reduces the total number of required operations and fixtures to two. The holding complexity of the first operation is simplified to the extent that it may be done using a general purpose, modular PAAW fixture. It does not require the printing of extra metal. In addition, it takes advantage of the inherent stiffness that the support network imparts to the main geometry of the part, thus making it easier to machine critical geometry without inducing chatter or excessive distortion. The results of a feasibility study indicate that this methodology is effective at mitigating chatter and creating geometrically accurate surfaces with a fine texture. Unfortunately, this study also reveals that stress relaxation distortion degrades the accuracy of these surfaces once the part is released from the fixture after the 2 nd operation. In addition, the machining of the network deposits a small quantity of difficult-to-clean powder sludge in the machining center.
The research of the cellular pathophysiology mechanism in the process of peritoneal adhesion

Objective To investigate the cellular pathophysiology mechanism of peritoneal adhe- sion induced by trauma or infection.Methods Two hundred and forty healthy Wistar rats were ran- domly divided into three groups(trauma group,trauma+infection group,and control group).The sta- tus of adhesion was observed by HE staining,and the serum levels of TNF,IL-6,PAI and t-PA were simultaneously measured on 1,3,7 and 14 days.Macrophages,mesothelial cells and fibroblasts were i- solated and cultured.Biomarkers including TNF,IL-6,PAI and t-PA were measured and the prolifera- ting activity of the above cells was analyzed after pretreatment with LPS,TGF or TNF.Results Mac- rophage was activated after infection,inflammation or mesothelial cell injury and secreted inflammatory factors and PAI.Pretreatment with LPS,TGF-or cytokine promoted the proliferating activity of fibro- blast while local inflammation suppressed mesothelial cell's repair and secretory activity.Conclusions Mesothelial cell injury,macrophage activation,fiber exudation and fibroblast proliferation all contribu- ted to the formation of peritoneal adhesion.The whole process may include intra-abdominal infection, inflammation,fiber exudation,matrix formation as well as fibroblast proliferation,migration and fibro- sis.
Adaptive Versioning in Transactional Memories

Transactional memory has been receiving much attention from both academia and industry. In transactional memory, program code is split into transactions, blocks of code that appear to execute atomically. Transactions are executed speculatively and the speculative execution is supported through data versioning and conflict detection and resolution mechanisms. Lazy versioning makes aborts fast but penalizes commits, whereas eager versioning makes commits fast but penalizes aborts. In this paper, we present an adaptive versioning approach that dynamically switches between eager and lazy versioning at runtime based on appropriate system parameters so that the performance of a transactional memory system is always better than that is obtained using either eager or lazy versioning individually. We implemented our adaptive versioning approach in the latest TinySTM distribution and extensively evaluated it through 5 micro-benchmarks and 8 complex benchmarks from STAMP and STAMPEDE suites. The results show significant benefits of our approach, giving performance improvements as much as 6.3x for execution time and as much as 170x for number of aborts.
What Does It Mean to Be Human? (Biological Sciences, Biotechnology, and Other Considerations)

Humans are the highest form of intelligent life on Earth. But what is it that makes us distinctly human? From a purely scientific perspective, what, if anything, sets us apart from other forms of life? Are there other important considerations, apart from the natural sciences, which might be necessary, if we want a complete picture of what it means to be human? In this chapter, we will explore these and other questions related to our humanness. We conclude the chapter by focusing on the question, what can we learn from an android about what it means to be human?
Stabilized iron fluoride cathodes.

By using solid polymer electrolytes, insight into the local control of iron fluoride conversion based positive electrodes for stable next-generation lithium and Li-ion batteries is obtained.
High rates of aneuploidy, mosaicism and abnormal morphokinetic development in cases with low sperm concentration

The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of severe male infertility (SMF) on the chromosomal status of embryos and any possible correlation between chromosomal status and embryo morphokinetics in younger women using data obtained from comprehensive preimplantation genetic tests. The trial was conducted in an ART and Reproductive Genetics Centre between 2011 and 2018. A total of 326 cycles in cases with SMF where the female partner’s age was ≤ 35 years were evaluated. SMF is defined as sperm concentration below 5 mil/ml (million per milliliter) and divided into three subgroups according to sperm concentrations: 1–5 mil/ml, < 1mil/ml and testicular sperm. The control group of 190 cycles had normal sperm parameters. Significantly lower chromosomal euploidy rates were found in the testicular sperm group compared with the normal sperm controls when the female age was ≤ 35 years. In SMF, statistically significantly affected chromosomes were 2, 10, 11, 17, 21 and sex chromosomes. The mosaicism and abnormal morphokinetic development rates were higher in the SMF group than in control group, and this difference was significant when testicular sperm was used. Lower euploidy rates, higher mosaicism rates and a higher incidence of abnormal morphokinetic development were observed in cases with testicular sperm with female partners ≤ 35 years compared with normal sperm controls. These findings suggest that PGT-A may be advisable in severe male infertility cases. Furthermore, the correlation between morphokinetics and chromosomal status was greatly reduced or absent in these most severe forms of male infertility, thus the need for new morphokinetic models.
Flexible thermoelectric generators for body heat harvesting – Enhanced device performance using high thermal conductivity elastomer encapsulation on liquid metal interconnects

Abstract This paper reports flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) employing eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) liquid metal interconnects encased in a novel, high thermal conductivity (HTC) elastomer. These TEGs are part of a broader effort to harvest thermal energy from the body and convert it into electrical energy to power wearable electronics. The flexible TEGs reported in this paper employ the same thermoelectric legs' used in rigid TEGs, thus eliminating the need to develop new materials specifically for flexible TEGs that often sacrifice the so-called figure of merit' for flexibility. Flexible TEGs reported here embed rigid thermoelectric legs' in soft and flexible packaging, using stretchable EGaIn interconnects. The use of liquid metal interconnects provides ultimate stretchability and low electrical resistance between the thermoelectric legs. The liquid metal lines are encased in a new stretchable silicone elastomer doped with both graphene nano-platelets and EGaIn to increase its thermal conductivity. This high thermal conductivity elastomer not only reduces the parasitic thermal resistance of the encapsulation layer but it also serves as a heat spreader, leading to 1.7X improvement in the output power density of TEGs compared to devices fabricated with a conventional elastomer. The device performance is further improved by a thin Cu layer acting as a heat spreader providing an additional 1.3X enhancement in the output power at 1.2 m/s air velocity (typical walking speed). Worn on the wrist, our best devices achieve power levels in excess of 30 μW/cm2 at an air velocity of 1.2 m/s outperforming previously reported flexible TEGs.
Incorporation of a patient navigator into a secondary fracture prevention program identifies barriers to patient care

Patient navigation improves outcomes in various clinical contexts, but has not been evaluated in secondary fracture prevention. We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients, age 50 + from April to October, 2016 hospitalized with fragility fracture contacted by a patient navigator. Patients were identified using an electronic tool extracting data from electronic medical records which alerted the patient navigator to contact patients by phone post-discharge to schedule appointments to “High-Risk Osteoporosis Clinic” (HiROC) and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Primary outcome was transition from hospital to HiROC. We also compared completion of DXA, five osteoporosis-associated in-hospital laboratory tests (calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, complete blood count, renal, and liver function), osteoporosis medication prescription and adherence, and other patient characteristics to historical controls (2014–2015) without patient navigation. Comparisons were made using Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, two-sample t test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, as appropriate. The proportion of patients transitioning to HiROC with and without patient navigation was not different (53% vs. 48%, p = 0.483), but DXA scan completion was higher (90% vs. 67%, p = 0.006). No difference in medication initiation within 3 months post discharge (73% vs. 65%, p = 0.387) or adherence at 6 months (68% vs. 71%, p = 0.777) was found. Patients attending HiROC lived closer (11 vs. 43 miles, p < 0.001) and more likely to follow-up in surgery clinic (95% vs. 61%, p < 0.001). Patient navigation did not improve transition to HiROC. Longer travel distance may be a barrier—unaffected by patient navigation. Identifying barriers may inform best practices for Fracture Liaison Service programs.
Effect of surface interactions on the settlement of particles on a sinusoidally corrugated substrate

Naturally-occurring surface topographies abound in nature and endow diverse properties, i.e., superhydrophobicity, adhesion, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-glare, anti-bacterial, and many others. Researchers have attempted to replicate such topographies to create human-made surfaces with desired functionalities. For example, combining the surface topography with judicial chemical composition could provide an effective, non-toxic solution to combat non-specific biofouling. A systematic look at the effect of geometry, modulus, and chemistry on adhesion is warranted. In this work, we use a model system that comprises silica (SiOx) beads interacting with a substrate made of a commercial polydimethylsiloxane kit (PDMS, Sylgard 184) featuring a sinusoidal topography. To examine the impact of interactions on particle settlement, we functionalize the surfaces of both the PDMS substrate and the SiOx beads with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), respectively. We also use the PDMS commercial kit coated with liquid glass (LG) to study the effect of the substrate modulus on particle settlement. Substrates with a higher aspect ratio (i.e., amplitude/periodicity) encourage adsorption of particles along the sides of the channel compared with substrates with lower aspect ratio. We employ colloidal probe microscopy to demonstrate the effect of interaction between the substrate and the particle. The interplay among the surface modulus, geometry, and interactions between the surface and the particle governs particle settlement on sinusoidally-corrugated substrates.
Evaluating Nelipepimut-S in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Short Report on the Emerging Data

Vaccine therapies for treatment and prevention of cancer have seen modest degrees of efficacy with wide variation related to the tumor type, vaccine type, adjuvants and clinical setting for their study. Over the course of the last two decades, various peptide vaccines for breast cancer have been studied. The current leading peptide vaccine for human application is a HER2-based vaccine known as Nelipepimut-S, which has demonstrated immune activity and promising clinical activity in some settings. This review covers the development of this newer peptide vaccine for both HER2 amplified and non-amplified breast cancer.
Aging Societies, Civil Societies, and the Role of the Past: Active Aging beyond Demography in Contemporary Poland:

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Politics and Current Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe,” guest-edited by Tsveta Petrova and Tomasz Inglot.Like other countries in Eu...
Think Small to Grow Your Business: Creating Micro-Niches Using Resonance Marketing

The Internet has made it relatively easy to start a new business. It is now possible to go after target markets that are extremely small. Resonance marketing can enable a small business to find new market niches and charge premium prices. The advantages of using resonance marketing to target micro-niches are discussed. The organizations that will thrive in the extremely competitive Global Internet Age are the ones that know how to be resilient and can adapt. This often requires using resonance marketing and going after several micro-niches rather than staking everything on one large market segment.
Early- and Late-Stage Cancer Diagnosis Under 3 Years of Medicaid Expansion.

Introduction Health insurance expansions may increase early detection of cancer and reduce late-stage cancer incidence. The study assesses the effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on rates of early- and late-stage cancer diagnosis up to 3 years after implementation. Methods Population-based quasi-experimental analysis of nonelderly adults was conducted in 732 counties from the 2010–2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registry data. Multivariate event study regressions were estimated to compare annual changes in county-level rates of cancer diagnoses in states that expanded Medicaid with those that did not. Data analysis was performed from May to October 2019. Results Medicaid expansion was associated with an increase in early-stage cancer diagnoses of 21.3 per 100,000 population (95% CI=2.9, 35.2) or 9.14% of population in its first year; estimates for Years 2 and 3 were also positive but smaller and not statistically significant. There was a marginally significant reduction in late-stage diagnoses of 8.7 per 100,000 population (95% CI= −25.0, 3.4) or 5.7% of population relative to baseline, 3 years after Medicaid expansion. There was no detectable effect of expansion on total diagnoses. Conclusions Medicaid expansions increased early-stage cancer diagnosis in the first year of expansion, but effects dissipated in subsequent years, suggesting a response to pent-up patient demand for screening and diagnostic services immediately after expansion. There was also suggestive evidence of reductions in late-stage diagnosis in the third year of Medicaid expansion, highlighting the potential role of public health insurance in improving cancer outcomes among nonelderly adults.
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Reduktion von Disulfidbindungen und der Molekulargewichtsverteilung bei Weizenkleber

Bei der vollstandigen Reduktion von succinyliertem Kleber (Ksucc) mit Dithiothreit werden 210 μmol SH-Gruppen/g Protein gebildet. Gelchromatographie von Ksucc und reduziertem Ksucc an Sepharose 6B-Cl zeigt, das die Reduktion mit einer starken Abnahme der hochmolekularen Proteinfraktion verbunden ist. Die partielle und stufenweise Reduktion von Ksucc mit steigenden Konzentrationen an Mercaptoethanol ergab eine ca. 80%ige Abnahme der hochmolekularen Proteine bereits bei einer Reduktion von 3–4% der insgesamt vorhandenen Disulfidbindungen. Es wird geschlossen, das die Reduktionsgeschwindigkeit der Disulfidbindungen von Ksucc sehr unterschiedlich ist.
Utilizing point-of-care ultrasound in the cardiorenal clinic to enhance patient care

Recentemente tem havido um interesse crescente pela ultrassonografia point-of-care (POCUS – do ingles “point-of-care ultrasonography”) no campo da nefrologia, que foi elegantemente destacada pelo Dr. Bastos e colegas em sua pesquisa nacional. Curiosamente, 72% dos entrevistados da pesquisa tinham um aparelho de ultrassom disponivel para uso em suas instituicoes. Embora a falta de treinamento seja uma barreira importante que deve ser abordada ao longo do tempo, ao enfatizar o papel crescente do POCUS na pratica diaria fora do ambiente de [...]
Managing locoregional breast cancer recurrence after autologous free flap reconstruction: A retrospective review of 2,734 procedures.

Summary Introduction The 5-year incidence of locoregional recurrence (LRR) after mastectomy is 3–8 %. This study examines the incidence, modes of detection, and reconstructive options after loss of index reconstruction in the largest series of autologous free flap patients who subsequently developed LRR. Methods We identified patients undergoing muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominus muscle or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction for breast cancer at our institution from 2005 to 2017 who subsequently developed LRR. The main outcomes were incidence of recurrence, primary mode of detection, surgical management, and patient and cancer-specific factors associated with surgical management and loss of index reconstruction. Results The incidence of LRR in this cohort was 3% (n=66 of 2240 flaps), and 71% (n=46) of recurrences were diagnosed on physical examination. 80% (n=53) of LRR required multidisciplinary management, whereas 56% (n=37) were managed surgically. Patients with postoperative radiation prior to recurrence, metastatic disease at diagnosis, nodal positivity, and chest wall involvement were less likely to be offered surgery (all p 0.05). Conclusion Management of LRR is centered around early multidisciplinary involvement and often requires surgery. Removal of index reconstruction and/or advanced chest well reconstruction is indicated in select cases. Plastic surgeons should be aware of the indications and options that exist for management in these complex situations.
Direct Left-ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) Computation with a Fully Convolutional Network

Abstract This study's purpose was to develop a direct MRI-based, deep-learning semantic segmentation approach for computing global longitudinal strain (GLS), a known metric for detecting left-ventricular (LV) cardiotoxicity in breast cancer. Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes cardiac image phases acquired from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy females were unwrapped via a DeepLabV3+ fully convolutional network (FCN). Myocardial strains were directly computed from the unwrapped phases with the Radial Point Interpolation Method. FCN-unwrapped phases of a phantom’s rotating gel were validated against quality-guided phase-unwrapping (QGPU) and robust transport of intensity equation (RTIE) phase-unwrapping. FCN performance on unwrapping human LV data was measured with F1 and Dice scores versus QGPU ground-truth. The reliability of FCN-based strains was assessed against RTIE-based strains with Cronbach's alpha (C-α) intraclass correlation coefficient. Mean squared error (MSE) of unwrapping the phantom experiment data at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio were 1.6, 2.7 and 6.1 with FCN, QGPU and RTIE techniques. Human data classification accuracies were F1 = 0.95 (Dice = 0.96) with FCN and F1 = 0.94 (Dice = 0.95) with RTIE. GLS results from FCN and RTIE were -16 ± 3% vs. -16 ± 3% (C-α=0.9) for patients and -20 ± 3% vs. -20 ± 3% (C-α=0.9) for healthy subjects. The low MSE from the phantom validation demonstrates accuracy of phase-unwrapping with the FCN and comparable human subject results versus RTIE demonstrate GLS analysis accuracy. A deep-learning methodology for phase-unwrapping in medical images and GLS computation was developed and validated in a heterogeneous cohort.
Sexual Reproduction of Cryptococcus

This chapter reviews the discovery of both opposite-sex and unisexual reproduction and illustrates how these pathways are molecularly controlled and the central cell biology questions that remain to be addressed. Fungal sexual reproduction is genetically regulated by the mating-type locus (MAT), a specialized region of the genome that is idiomorphic or allelic between different sexes. Similar to the model fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, mating and meiosis of Cryptococcus neoformans occur sequentially in response to limitation or specific nutrient cues. Other environmental cues such as light and temperature also affect mating of C. neoformans. Those factors that have been connected to the sexual reproduction of C. neoformans are summarized in the chapter. Furthermore, several Cryptococcus species can be isolated from trees and fermenting fruits, suggesting that there might be potential plant-fungus interactions that contribute to sexual reproduction of C. neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in nature. Apart from nutritional cues, other environmental signals also influence sexual reproduction. However, the predominance of the α mating type (>99%) in the Cryptococcus population represents a paradox as to how sexual reproduction might occur in this essentially unisexual population. The discovery of same-sex mating in C. neoformans resulted in a paradigm shift in considering how genetic diversity is generated in a unisexual population and the evolutionary role of a unisexual reproductive mode. Moreover, the transitions that occur in the fungal kingdom between heterothallic outbreeding and homothallic inbreeding modes promise to reveal general features by which sexual reproduction enhances fitness and enables evolutionary success throughout biology.
Analysis of Nailed Joints with Dissimilar Members

In order to predict the slope of the load-slip curve of two-member nailed wood joints under lateral load, a theoretical method of analysis is derived based on the theory of beams on elastic foundations. The method derived allows analysis of joints where the members are dissimilar in properties and thickness. It also accounts for nails of different sizes and materials, and for wood of different species by incorporating a foundation modulus determined from an elastic bearing constant proportional to the wood density. Values of the elastic bearing constant are presented for various types of joints. Experimental verification of the theoretical expressions are presented.
Infant Perception and Cognition

This chapter summarizes research in the last decade on the development of perception and cognition in preverbal infants. The chapter begins by placing the current state of the field in its historical context, and covers the basic and predominant methodological techniques and paradigms used in the field. The major part of the chapter is spent summarizing progress in eight specific subtopics within the area: attention, learning, intersensory/intermodal processing, face processing, object perception, casual perception, quantitative processing, and categorization. In addition, two integrative sections explore how the study of the development of fundamental perceptual and cognitive functions relate to larger issues in developmental psychology. The first of these sections examines the developmental relationships between lower-order perceptual components and higher-order functions, such as language and executive function. A final section examines the incorporation of research on early perceptual and cognitive development in translational and applied research. These include the prediction of later cognition from early cognitive performance, the use of infant perceptual-cognitive measures as dependent or outcome measures in intervention research, and the use of early perceptual-cognitive indicators as markers of developmental delay and disability. Keywords: infancy; perception; cognition; information processing
Did speech slow down the human face? Human facial muscles have a high proportion of slow myosin fibers compared to other primates (918.19)

Much is known about the comparative morphology of the human face relative to other primates but our understanding of comparative muscle physiology is poor. To further our insight, the present study...
Quantitative Characterization of Permeability Reduction Associated with Compactive Cataclastic Flow

Pore pressure excess has been frequently invoked in understanding seismogenic processes. Many working hypotheses for generating high pore pressure are proposed. However, one important ingredient still missing in these models is quantitative knowledge of the rate of change of permeability and porosity of rocks under various conditions of stress, temperature and pore fluid. We formulated a cumulative damage model to characterize the effect of stress on permeability of granular materials undergone compactive cataclastic flow. Laboratory measurements demonstrate that in the cataclastic flow regime, application of nonhydrostatic stress induces significant porosity reduction if the applied differential stress exceeds a threshold. This critical stress state is referred to as the onset of shear-enhanced compaction C*. Before C*, permeability and porosity reduction are controlled mainly by the effective mean stress. At C*, the deviatoric stress exerts primary control over permeability and porosity evolution. The increase in deviatoric stress results in drastic permeability and porosity reduction and considerable permeability anisotropy. Beyond C*, permeability and porosity reduction becomes gradual again. Microstructural observations reveal that stress-induced microcracking and pore collapse are the primary forms of damage during compactive cataclastic flow. A cumulative damage model was proposed based on these observations. By introducing stress sensitivity coefficients, this model provides a quantitative measure of the stress-induced permeability evolution. The first-order relation between permeability and stress formulated here can be easily incorporated in earthquake models. Coupled with recent advances in laboratory characterization of transport properties within fault zones, our model should provide necessary constraints to earthquake slip weakening mechanisms.
The biosynthesis of DNA by insects. 3. Ribonucleotide reductase activity and the effect of hydroxyurea during the adult development of the cecropia silkworm.

Ribonucleotide reductase activity was examined in developing adults of the silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia. The experiments demonstrate, in vivo and in vitro, the incorporation of labeled ribonucleotides into DNA and the direct enzymatic reduction of labeled CMP by cell-free homogenates of tissues excised from developing adults. Hydroxyurea completely inhibits incorporation of labeled ribonucleotides into DNA in vivo, but does not affect the basal level of DNA synthesis or ribonucleotide reduction in vitro. Evidence is presented which indicates that hydroxyurea may prevent the allosteric activation of the reductase.
Household Lifestyles: Ideas for a Research Program

A classification scheme for household lifestyles, and another for the activities of which they are comprised, are described as a necessary starting point for the analysis of the environmental impact of changes in household consumption. A household's lifestyle is defined by how it carries out the activities, and households with similar lifestyles are grouped together. Exploratory analysis will be needed to define and name alternative ways of carrying out individual activities and alternative lifestyles. The resulting information can be accommodated in a social accounting matrix and different assumptions analyzed using an economic model of production and consumption. The approach to defining lifestyles and analyzing the impact of changes in lifestyles is readily generalized to the global scale.
The Importance of Lateral Connections in the Parietal Cortex for Generating Motor Plans

Substantial evidence has highlighted the significant role of associative brain areas, such as the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in transforming multimodal sensory information into motor plans. However, little is known about how different sensory information, which can have different delays or be absent, combines to produce a motor plan, such as executing a reaching movement. To address these issues, we constructed four biologically plausible network architectures to simulate PPC: 1) feedforward from sensory input to the PPC to a motor output area, 2) feedforward with the addition of an efference copy from the motor area, 3) feedforward with the addition of lateral or recurrent connectivity across PPC neurons, and 4) feedforward plus efference copy, and lateral connections. Using an evolutionary strategy, the connectivity of these network architectures was evolved to execute visually guided movements, where the target stimulus provided visual input for the entirety of each trial. The models were then tested on a memory guided motor task, where the visual target disappeared after a short duration. Sensory input to the neural networks had sensory delays consistent with results from monkey studies. We found that lateral connections within the PPC resulted in smoother movements and were necessary for accurate movements in the absence of visual input. The addition of lateral connections resulted in velocity profiles consistent with those observed in human and non-human primate visually guided studies of reaching, and allowed for smooth, rapid, and accurate movements under all conditions. In contrast, Feedforward or Feedback architectures were insufficient to overcome these challenges. Our results suggest that intrinsic lateral connections are critical for executing accurate, smooth motor plans.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy in Peptide and Protein Analysis

This chapter presents a detailed overview of the theoretical basis of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, emphasizing both principles and practical considerations such as thin-film designs for SPR devices which can be employed in characterization of biological materials, including peptides and proteins. It is demonstrated that the analysis of the resonance spectrum yields structural parameters of anisotropic films of interacting biomolecules, including distribution of mass, long-range molecular order, and molecular conformational changes. Binding parameters, including binding affinities and rate constants, can also be determined. A summary is presented of different techniques for biomolecule immobilization on SPR-generating surfaces applicable in peptide and protein analysis.
Exposure of immature rats to hyperoxia increases tracheal smooth muscle stress generation in vitro

Recently, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to hyperoxia causes in vivo airway muscarinic receptor hyperresponsiveness in the developing rat [Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 6): L263-L269, 1992]. To test whether airway cholinergic hyperresponsiveness might result from intrinsic alterations in smooth muscle contractility, we measured the effect of in vivo hyperoxia on the contractile force elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) of isometrically mounted tracheal rings in vitro. Tracheal rings were obtained from 3-wk-old rats exposed to air or to > 95% O2 for 8 days. Muscarinic responses were determined by measuring the force elicited by exposure to increasing concentrations of ACh. Responses were normalized to the morphometrically determined tracheal smooth muscle cross-sectional area in a plane perpendicular to the axis of force generation. In vivo O2 exposure significantly increased maximal ACh-induced stress generation (response to 10(-3) M ACh: air, 15.92 +/- 1.37 g/mm2; O2, 21.78 +/- 1.52 g/mm2; P = 0.010). The ACh-induced stress generation of cylinders from hyperoxic rats was substantially reduced by both epithelial removal and treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. We conclude that in vivo hyperoxic exposure increases tracheal smooth muscle contractile function in vitro and that epithelium-derived prostaglandin(s) contributes to the observed increase in maximal contractile responsiveness.
Technologists' toolkit workshop series: 32 hour tutorial for EMCW attendees in 1996

The author discusses 48 tools on total quality world class manufacturing leadership for team based technical problem solving, ongoing quality and productivity improvement. The tools are split into four categories: cultural tools, data tools, documentation tools, and people tools. The use of the tools and the toolkit is explained by the author.
Acanthosis nigricans and hypovitaminosis A. response to topical vitamin A acid.

The pathogenetic mechanisms in acanthosis nigricans are not well known. Hirschowitz et al. (1971) described a new syndrome which included complete nerve deafness, progressive peripheral sensory nerve demyelinization, loss of gastric antral motility, multiple diverticula of ileum and lower jejunum, steatorrhea and unusually extensive acanthosis nigricans. Dramatic clinical and histological response of the dermatosis to topical vitamin A acid treatment led to search and demonstration of severe hypovitaminosis A. The trifluoroacetic acid method of Neeld & Pearson (1963), repeatedly used with serum samples, either failed to detect β-carotene and/or vitamin A or showed levels below the normal range. These findings indicate that vitamin A deficiency may be a factor in the pathogenesis of acanthosis nigricans.
Inversion-asymmetry splitting of the conduction band in InSb

The Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect was used to study the strain dependence of the inversion-asymmetry splitting of the conduction band in InSb. This splitting is small and hence has been difficult to observe by any technique other than the one presented in this paper. At zero stress, studies in InSb have shown no indication of beating effects in the SdH oscillations. With the application of uniaxial stress, however, stress-induced beating effects appear in the SdH oscillations. These beating effects, which depend on the magnetic field direction and the electron concentration, are shown to be caused by the stress-induced band splitting. The strain theory developed by Bir and Pikus, along with a simple, classical beating-effects model, enables the evaluation of the band-splitting parameter $|{B}_{3}|=3.3(\frac{{\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}}{2{m}_{0}})$ and the deformation potential $|{C}_{2}|=2.0$ eV.
Geologic features and durability of limestones at the sphinx

Geologic features considered to influence durability of the limestone at the sphinx are depositional history, evolution of porosity, and development of joints. These strata have two orthogonal groups of vertical joints. Where these joints intersect, wedge-shaped blocks are separating, causing loss of material from the core. Major reduction of the sphinx, however, is occurring due to salt crystallization aided by the “ink-bottle” pore systems prevailing in these rocks.
Lymphography in Patients with Suspected Malignancy or Fever of Unexplained Origin

Forty-four patients underwent bipedal lymphography for evaluation of fever of unexplained origin, or because a malignant tumor (usually lymphoma) was suspected clinically. Extensive prior medical evaluation was inconclusive. The lymphograms were of no apparent value in detecting the etiology of the illness. Reactive follicular hyperplasia was frequently seen and sometimes simulated lymphoma on the lymphogram. The primary value of lymphography in such cases is as an aid in planning biopsy and surgery.
Psychological Impact of Child Abuse and Neglect

Presents an overview of the special supplement on the psychological impact of child abuse and neglect. Psychologists' contribution to a national agenda for protection of children is briefly discussed, along with highlights of the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect report on a national strategy for preventing abuse. Summaries of the Working Group reports from the American Psychological Association (APA) Coordinating Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect are provided. Future directions of the new APA Division 37, Section on Child Maltreatment, are briefly discussed.
Synthesis of Antisense Oligonucleotides: Replacement of 3H-1,2-Benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-Dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) with Phenylacetyl Disulfide (PADS) As Efficient Sulfurization Reagent: From Bench to Bulk Manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

It is demonstrated that phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides can be synthesized on scales from 1 μmol to 150 mmol using phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) as an efficient and economical replacemen...
Response bias in opinion polls and American social welfare

Response bias and notably response falsification undercut the usefulness of opinion polls in characterizing collective American attitudes toward social welfare. The attitudes polled in surveys such...