cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies with Bobwhite Quail: Reproductive Characteristics

Abstract As part of a program exploring procedures for handling caged Bobwhite quail, we have examined certain reproductive characteristics; specifically 1) effect of length of egg storage on hatchability, 2) duration of fertility following removal of males, and 3) age at sexual maturity. The results indicated that: 1) storage of eggs for up to 15 days did not reduce hatchability significantly, 2) fertility dropped to 50 percent by nine days and to 0 percent 14 days after removal of males, and 3) egg production began synchronously for birds hatched three weeks apart, 40 days following termination of the short light cycle, i.e., 171 and 150 days after hatching.
Robust control of multiterminal dc/ac systems

Abstract : The successful application of two terminal dc links suggests that even greater flexibility in power dispatch and enhancement in stability can be realized by a multiterminal dc (MTDC) system embedded in an interconnected ac grid. Several utilities are looking into the possibility of building MTDC systems by adding new terminals to the existing dc links or by connecting dc links that are located in close proximity. It is quite conceivable that MTDC will become a major part of our energy delivery system by the end of this century. The intent of this paper is to illustrate how the MTDC control problem can be analyzed from a physical viewpoint, and how the physical insights can be utilized to arrive at a reasonable, robust control design. The main emphasis is on robustness. Some of the latest results in robustness theory are used in the design stage as well as in analyzing the final design.
Mainstreaming in the Kindergarten Classroom: Perspectives of Parents of Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Children

In this study 101 parents of both handicapped and nonhandicapped children in mainstreamed kindergarten settings participated in a telephone interview. Results indicated a high level of agreement between both sets of parents on the benefits and drawbacks of mainstreaming. The greatest benefits of mainstreaming were identified by parents as related to social outcomes, whereas the greatest drawbacks were in instructional areas. Approximately one-third of the parents in each group did not have prior information or knowledge of mainstreaming; nearly all parents were interested in receiving more information on the topic. The implications of these data for research, teacher training, and information dissemination to parents are discussed.
A Computational Approach to Visual Recognition of Arm Movements

A representation for the visual recognition of skilled arm movements is proposed that lies within Marr and Vaina's (1982) three-dimensional model representation for shape movements. Algorithms for segmenting arm movements into pieces are proposed. It is suggested that for a large class of arm movements recognition could be reliably achieved based only on the description of the hand shape and path in the body coordinates, without needing the detailed description of the variation of all the joint angles of the arm.
Environmental Monitoring of Hanford Nuclear Facility Effluents by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is a sensitive method for environmental monitoring of effluent radionuclides around nuclear material production facilities. Isotopic analysis by positive and negative TIMS is an essential tool for the assessment of both the inventory and migration of radionuclides in the environment. Instrumentation used for trace-level isotope ratio measurements is described. Examples are given of environmental measurements of plutonium and radioiodine at the Hanford Site, a former nuclear material production site. In favorable cases, complete isotopic analyses are obtained on total analytes in the femtogram range, and minor isotopes in the attogram range are measured. The method of direct particle-inlet mass spectrometry (PIMS) for real-time analysis of airborne particles is also described, along with PIMS instrumentation. Examples are given that demonstrate the capability of PIMS to measure uranium isotope ratios in individual particles without isolating them from complex, heterogeneous samples.
Organization and development of brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: organization of projections from n. magnocellularis to n. laminaris.

The tonotopic and topographic organization of the bilateral projection from second-order auditory neurons of nucleus magnocellularis (NM) to nucleus laminaris (NL) was examined in young chickens. In one group of birds, the NM axons which innervate the contralateral NL were severed by cutting the crossed dorsal cochlear tract at the midline. Heavy terminal degeineration in NL was confined to the neuropil area immediately ventral to the perikaryl lamina. Very little degeneration was seen in the dorsal neuropil region. In a second series of animals, the characteristic frequency (CF) of cells in an area of NM was first determined by microelectrode recording techniques and then a small electrolytic lesion was made through the recording electrode. Following survival periods of 24–48 hours, the distribution of projections from the lesioned area to the ipsilateral and contralateral NL was examined usinig the Fink-Heimer method. As previously described in the pigeon, projections from NM terminate densely in the neuropil region immediately dorsal to the ipsilateral NL cell bodies and ventral to the perikaryl layer on the contralateral side, providing each NL neuron with segregated binaural innervation. Lesions in any area of NM produced degeneration confined to a limited caudo-rostral and medio-lateral portion of both laminar nuclei. To investigate this topographic relationship, the caudorostral extents of the lesion in NM and of the resulting degeneration in both NL were determined. Linear regression and correlation analyses then related these positional values to each other and to the CF found at the center of each lesion. All correlations were highly significant and ranged from 0.78 between the position of the lesion in NM and CF to 0.91 between the caudo-rostral position of degeneration in the NL ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion. It is concluded that neurons in NM project in a very discrete topographic, tonotopic and symmetrical fashion to NL on both sides of the brain, contributing to the binaural response properties and tonotopic organization of neurons in NL. The results also suggest that the organization of projections from NM to NL could provide a mechanism for the differential transmission delay required by a “place” model of low-frequency sound localization.
Thermoelectric transport in strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites

We investigate the thermoelectric transport properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and thermoelectric figure of merit) in strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites at low temperature (77 K) by using the dynamical mean-field theory and the Kubo formula. The periodic Anderson model is applied to describe the strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites with tunable parameters such as the size of quantum dots and the electron occupation number. The electron occupation number can be controlled by the doping concentration in the both matrix and quantum dots, the size of quantum dots, and the interdot spacing. These parameters control the transition between $n$-type like behavior (with negative Seebeck coefficient) and $p$-type like behavior (with positive Seebeck coefficient) of strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites. Large Seebeck coefficient up to $260\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{V}/\text{K}$ due to the asymmetry of the electron bands with sharp electron density of states can be obtained in the strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites, along with moderate electrical conductivity values in the order of ${10}^{5}/\ensuremath{\Omega}\text{ }\text{m}$. This results in optimal power factor about $78\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{W}/\text{cm}\text{ }{\text{K}}^{2}$ and optimal figure of merit $(ZT)$ over 0.55 which is much larger than the value of the state-of-the-art low-temperature thermoelectric materials. This study shows that high efficiency thermoelectric materials at low temperature can be obtained in strongly correlated quantum dot nanocomposites.
A study of mental status and anamnestic factors related to the decision for inpatient or outpatient treatment

Reviewed previous studies of the determinants of disposition decision-making. Experimental flaws in these studies are indicated. A study of the intake decision process and its relationship to mental status and anamnestic variables obtained during the intake examination is presented (N = 523). Results suggest that diagnoses of psychosis and personality disorder are rleated to inpatient care, while the diagnosis of neurosis is related to outpatient care. In addition, depressed/suicidal symptomatology is found to be related to inpatient treatment, while a previous history of either sexual maladjustment or stubbornness/retardation is found to be related to outpatient care. Results are discussed in terms of universal and local criteria that are involved in intake decision-making.
Mercury enrichment in estuarine plant detritus

Abstract Relative mercury concentrations are enriched by a factor of 10 in decomposition products of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle , compared with living plant tissue. The mercury content of mangrove detritus is 3 to 30 times higher than values reported for marine phytoplankton. Detritus formation represents a natural mechanism for mercury enrichment in estuarine food chains.
New smart grid applications for power system operations

Smart grid technologies for the high voltage power grid usually refer to (1) the new sensors that can sample voltages and currents at very fast rates and calculate their phase relationships by coordinating with a GPS time signal, (2) the high bandwidth communications that can move this voluminous measurement data to monitoring and control stations, and (3) fast controllers like breakers and power electronic controls (FACTS) that can be operated by remote signals. This raises the possibility of many new applications for monitoring, for advisory notification, and for automatic control that can help the system operator and system operation. In this panel presentation we discuss some of these new applications that weren't possible before as well as the modifications of existing applications which can be made more robust and more useful by the new technologies.
Overuse of parenteral antibiotics for wound care in an urban emergency department

This study compared patterns of parenteral antibiotic treatment by emergency physicians with literature-derived guidelines in the management of wound care. All patients who received parenteral antibiotics as part of wound management in an urban general emergency department (ED) (annual volume 65,000) and did not receive subsequent consultation or admission were prospectively studied for 4 weeks (July 18 to August 15, 1994). Data collected included age, sex, antibiotic, route of administration, dose, cost, diagnosis, and board certification of emergency physician. Antibiotic choice and dose were reviewed by study-blinded physicians and compared with criteria based on a review of the current wound care literature. Wound characteristics justifying antibiotic prophylaxis were derived from the literature and included immunocompromised patient, wounds with debris or occurring under contaminated circumstances, wounds with cellulitis or purulent drainage, wounds older than 18 hours, and crush injuries. The study included 72 patients, and 13 (18%) antibiotic discrepancies were found. Cefazolin (n = 49 [64%]) and ceftriaxone (n = 25 [35%]) were the most commonly prescribed parenteral antibiotics, with cefazolin used in 9 (69%) and ceftriaxone in 4 (31%) of discrepant cases. There were not significant differences in discrepant parenteral antibiotic by emergency physicians' board certification. There were no significant demographic differences between patients receiving discrepant and nondiscrepant antibiotics. The excess cost of discrepant parenteral antibiotics during this small study period was $380. Approximately one fifth of the parenteral antibiotics prescribed during wound care administered in the ED were discrepant with current recommendations derived from the literature.
Ziyou (Freedom), Occupational Choice, and Labor: Bangbang in Chongqing, People's Republic of China

This paper aims to examine the complicated processes and dynamics of rural migrant workers' occupation choice in post-Mao China among a specific migrant population, the bangbang (porters or carriers) in the city of Chongqing in southwest China. By employing ethnographic data from my year-long anthropological field research among bangbang and following the Foucauldian concept of governmentality, this paper explores the question of whether neoliberalism alone deliberately and vehemently transforms these laborers into self-reliant subjects. It argues that for rural migrants, the discourse on ziyou (freedom), as promoted by the state, plays a significant role in facilitating the migrants' subject formation, transforming them into self-reliant and enterprising laborers even as it makes them vulnerable to fierce exploitation. At the same time, bangbang turn this neoliberal rationality around and use it in their struggle for the security and aid refused to them by the state because it externalizes the “technologies of the self.” Bangbang internalize neoliberal techniques of governance that are framed as ziyou (freedom), not from social responsibility or patriotism but from disappointment with and distrust of the state.
Beta counting system for fast fragmentation beams

A new beta counting system has been developed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory to study the beta decay of exotic nuclei produced by fast fragmentation. This system uses a double-sided silicon strip detector to detect both fragment implants and their subsequent beta decays; these events are correlated on a pixel-by-pixel basis, providing a direct measurement of the decay time with specific particle identification information regarding the parent nucleus. The experimental capabilities of this system are described, and future plans discussed.
Comparison of diffusion of N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N-dioctadecylaniline in a low-density polyethylene film. Activation energies and detection of two diffusion pathways

The diffusion of N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N-dioctadecylaniline from a low-density polyethylene film into 2 N hydrochloric acid was measured in real-time at various temperatures by fluorescence spe...
Cloning of the Candida albicans nucleoside transporter by complementation of nucleoside transport-deficient Saccharomyces.

The nucleoside permease gene (i.e. NUP) from Candida albicans was cloned by complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in nucleoside transport capability. The permease transported adenosine and guanosine and was sensitive to the mammalian nucleoside transport inhibitors: dipyridamole and NBMPR. It did not transport uridine, cytidine, adenine, guanine or uracil. The inability to transport uridine indicated that the NUP gene product was different from the Candida uridine permease, which also transported cytosine and adenosine. The NUP gene coded for a protein of 407 amino acids in size which was approximately the size of the human, Giardia and E. coli nucleoside permeases. It did not, however, exhibit any significant degree of homology with these transporters.
Detect irregularly shaped spatio-temporal clusters for decision support

Many real-world applications call for the use of detecting unusual clusters (abnormal phenomena or significant change) from spatio-temporal data for decision support, e.g., in disease surveillance systems and crime monitoring systems. More accurate detection can offer stronger decision support to enable more effective early warning and efficient resource allocation. Many spatial/spatio-temporal clustering approaches have been designed to detect significantly unusual clusters for decision support. In this paper, we focus on more accurately detecting irregularly shaped unusual clusters for point processes and propose a novel approach named EvoGridStatistic. The original problem is mathematically converted to an optimization problem and solved by estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), which is a powerful global optimization tool. We also propose a prospective spatio-temporal cluster detection approach for surveillance purposes, named EvoGridStatistic-Pro. Experiments verify the effectiveness and efficiency of EvoGridStatistic-Pro over previous approaches. The scalability of our approach is also significantly better than previous ones, which enables EvoGridStatistic-Pro to apply to very large data sets in real-world application systems.
Acoustic return from density fluctuations in turbulent jets

The acoustic scattering from density discontinuities in turbulent jet flows has been studied to determine the conditions under which high frequency acoustic soundings can be useful as a flow-field diagnostic tool. Laboratory experiments employing a variable-density turbulent jet exhausting into ambient water are described. The acoustic returns from the jet at 3 and 6 MHz were correlated with turbulent density fluctuation data; the acoustic data can then be extrapolated to full-scale flow situations. The study shows that field measurements of the acoustic return from a turbulent, density-stratified jet can be used to determine the flow-field properties without direct sampling or measurements in the jet. Such full-scale measurements could provide a viable technique for studying both effluent plumes in connection with pollution abatement efforts, and oceanic diffusion processes and thermocline structures. The applications of this technique to the coolant water discharge from an electric power plant, and to the flow in a stratified estuary are considered.
Impact of Cooperative Business Management Curriculum on Secondary Student Attitudes.

The authors examined the effect a curriculum about cooperative businesses had on high school student attitudes toward these businesses. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions were measured before and after participating in the curriculum. Older high school students increased their attitudes toward cooperatives more than did younger students. Students with prior exposure to cooperatives had increases in positive attitudes toward cooperatives. Larger increases were increased in positive attitudes in female students than male students. Finally, students in regions of North Dakota with relatively fewer cooperatives per square mile had larger increases in positive attitudes.
Pole Arrangements that Introduce Prismatic Joints into the Design Space of Four- and Five-Position Rigid-Body Synthesis

Abstract Although a general five-position, rigid-body guidance problem admits a discrete number of revolute–revolute (RR) dyads, this paper identifies arrangements of five task positions that result in a center-point curve. For these special arrangements, a one-dimensional set of revolute-prismatic (RP) dyads exist to achieve the task positions. Other five-position arrangements are identified where a one-dimensional set of prismatic-revolute (PR) dyads exist to achieve the task positions. For a general case of five task positions, neither PR nor RP dyads are possible. In a general case of four-position rigid-body guidance problems, a unique PR dyad and RP dyad exist. Four-position arrangements are identified where the associated center-point curve includes the line at infinity and admits a PR dyad with a line of slide in any direction. Likewise, arrangements of the four positions are identified where the circle-point curve includes the line at infinity, permitting a one-dimensional set of RP dyads. These special four and five positions lead to dyads that can be coupled to solve a rigid-body guidance synthesis problem with a PRRP or RPPR device which is generally not possible. These solutions are particularly useful in design situations where actuation through a prismatic joint is desired.
Fungal degradation of polycaprolactones

Three high molecular weight polycaprolactones (Mw = 35,000, 18,600, and 7,130) were utilized as the sole carbon source by five of six fungi tested by the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) agar plate method. The fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Chaetomium globosum, Pencillium funiculosum, and a Fusarium sp. Quantitative analysis of degradation was performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC analysis demonstrated differences between the activities of organisms which appeared similar by the ASTM method, and showed that, while all molecular weight species within each polymer were hydrolyzed, in several cases low molecular weight end products were not assimilated. Depending on the organism, the dominant factor determining degradability was either polymer molecular weight or degree of crystallinity.
Acquired Aplastic Anemia in Childhood

In comparison to past decades, children who have acquired aplastic anemia (AA) enjoy excellent overall survival that reflects improvements in supportive care, more accurate exclusion of children who have alternate diagnoses, and advances in transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Matched sibling-donor hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) routinely provide long-term survival in the range of 90%, and 75% of patients respond to IST. In this latter group, the barriers to overall and complication-free survival include recurrence of AA, clonal evolution with transformation to myelodysplasia/acute myelogenous leukemia, and therapy-related toxicities. Improvements in predicting responses to IST, in alternative-donor HSCT, and in rationalizing therapy by understanding the pathophysiology in individual patients are likely to improve short- and long-term outcomes for these children.
Abstract 5576: Pharmacologic targeting of CtBP by established and newly designed inhibitors.

Breast cancer is not one single entity but a collection of multiple diseases that affect different populations with varying incidence, morbidity and mortality. Thus finding a unified marker and associated biological processes that provide an overall indication of prognosis with clear insights into therapy opportunities is critically needed. Previous our studies showed that CtBP drives invasion and metastasis by governing a mode of gene regulation that is not only reversible and strongly influenced by environmental factors, like metabolic status, but can be stably passed on to expanding clones of tumor cells. Recent studies indicate that this form of “epigenetic regulation” plays a critical role in tumor progression. Our most recent finding that CtBP expression can function as a single predictor of overall poor survival from breast cancer, independent of current criteria such as hormone receptor status, suggests that inhibiting CtBP and the pathways it controls may provide a unifying concept for improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Using Computer Assisted Drug Design (CADD), we have identified multiple potential CtBP inhibitors from a panel of library of commercially available compounds. To validate the efficacy of these inhibitors, we have used targeted assessment by quantitative gene expression and ChIP analysis of established CtBP targets. We then scored compounds that disrupt CtBP controlled processes including EMT and genome instability at a low micromolar range. We found that some compounds were able to displace CtBP from endogenous genes and reactivate repressed gene expression. A smaller subset of these was able to inhibit cellular reprogramming associated with EMT and the wound healing response. These findings suggest that CtBP may be an effective target of pharmacological inhibition to impair tumor invasion and metastasis, and offers a proof-of-principle that will provide a foundation for more effective treatment strategies against aggressive forms of breast cancer. Citation Format: Jung S. Byun, Kevin L. Gardner. Pharmacologic targeting of CtBP by established and newly designed inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5576
Linguistics is Not a Good Model for Philosophy

Critique de l'article programmatique de N. Miscevic qui avance l'hypothese de la fenetre seconde concernant la fonction epistemique de l'intuition. Examinant la distinction entre jugement ordinaire et jugement intuitif, l'A. rejette l'analogie entre les intutions grammaticales en linguistique selon Chomsky et les intuitions philosophiques dans la recherche et la theorie epistemologiques.
Market incentives and pharmaceutical innovation.

I study the impact of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), which established tax incentives for rare disease drug development. I examine the flow of new clinical drug trials for a large set of rare diseases. Among more prevalent rare diseases, the ODA led to a significant and sustained increase in new trials. The impact for less prevalent rare diseases was limited to an increase in the stock of drugs. Tax credits can stimulate RD yet because they leave revenue margins unaffected, tax credits appear to have a more limited impact on private innovation in markets with smaller revenue potential.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THRUSTER MODULATION FOR A DYNAMICALLY POSITIONED DRILLSHIP

A primary tradeoff in the design of a vessel dynamic positioning system is tightness of control versus the modulation levels of the automatically controlled propulsion units due to wave motion and noise. An algorithm is described whereby the parameters of the digital controller are adjusted to achieve the desired compromise between control stiffness and thruster modulation, while maintaining the vessel stability margins at their design values. The algorithm is currently implemented in the DP system of a new North Sea drillship, Nordic Offshore's Havdrill. The basic algorighm is applicable to any existing vessel dynamic positioning system while utilizes a digital computer of control. Different degrees of automation are achievable to meet operator requirements for monitor and adjustment of control stiffness or thruster modulation. Analytical results have been verified through simulation. These study results, including computer data, are presented in the paper.
Silicon nitride waveguides for nonlinear optics and frequency comb generation

Optical frequency comb generation has attracted significant interest, particularly for applications in spectroscopy, precision frequency metrology, metrology and optical clocks. Recently, high-quality-factor optical microcavities have shown enormous potential as a platform for efficient nonlinear optical processes. Here we describe recent results results on the use of the silicon-based platform for generating high-precision frequency combs via the process of cascaded parametric four-wave mixing. We demonstrate comb generation that can span more than an octave which represents a significant step towards a stabilized, integrated frequency comb source.
When Four Distinct Ways to Measure Utility Are the Same

Abstract Assuming that binary rank- and sign-dependent utility holds for gambles and that riskless choice utility can be constructed using the binary operation of joint receipt of consequences, there are four distinct measures of utility over gains: the two, one from gambles and the other from joint receipt, that arise by working with the trade-offs of just gains and the two that arise by working with the trade-offs of gains with losses. The problem is to discover testable behavioral properties that make the various pairs of measures identical. This is worked out completely, leading to six distinct properties. Three have previously been studied both theoretically and empirically: event commutativity, segregation, and duplex decomposition. Three are new and have not been studied empirically: joint receipt decomposition (for gains and for the mixed case) and joint receipt consistency. Similar issues and results hold for the utility of losses, where the mathematics is identical except for parameter values. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the results extend to general finite gambles and of some possible difficulties.
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia is Risk Factor for Adenocarcinoma: Predictive Accuracy in Needle Biopsies

AbstractPurpose: High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is considered the most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, the natural history and predictive value of prostatic i...
Additive NMR chemical shift parameters for deshielded methine protons

The use of additive parameters for the prediction of NMR chemical shifts is widely practised. However, no correlations are available for highly deshielded methine protons. In this work, methine chemical shifts have been studied using both multiple linear regression analysis and Simplex function minimization in an effort to determine under what limiting circumstances the additivity of shift parameters can be expected to apply. As expected, it was not possible to explain satisfactorily all methine shifts with a single set of substituent parameters. However, if only the deshielded cases were considered (H—CXYZ, where at least two of the three groups X, Y, and Z are electron-withdrawing), a much better set of parameters could be determined. Using a data set of 440 of these deshielded methine shifts, involving 31 different substituents, a standard error of estimate of 0.20 ppm is found for protons spread between 3.0 and 7.5 ppm.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANDROGYNY AND SELF-MONITORING

self-monitoring, but only one of the measures was significantly related to selfmonitoring. The findings suggest the need to re-examine the notion of androgyny. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (2) and the Self-monitoring Scale (6) are two personality measures that have generated a tremendous amount of research in the past decade. Bem's scale is the primary measure of androgyny, which involves possessing both masculine and feminine characterisics. Bem stated that androgyny is reflected in actions characterized by adaptiveness and psychological adjustment. The androgynous individual is viewed as behaviorally flexible: as able to regulate behavior to match standards of situational appropriateness. The measurement of androgyny has evolved from Bem's original mediansplit method toward continuous measures that take advantage of continuous variable information. The present study used two continuous measures of androgyny, the geometric mean, G (4) and Kalin's A (5). Continuous measures were used because prior techniques have conceptual and psychometric problems (4), although the continuous measures have not remained unscathed (3), and disagreement currently exists about whether A or G is the superior measure (8). Snyder's scale was developed to measure the construct of self-monitoring (7). Such individuals are sensitive to cues of appropriate behavior within the situation and are motivated to adjust their behavior in accordance with those cues. The high self-monitor regulates and controls behavior across situations which leads to high behavioral variability. While the concepts of androgyny and self-monitoring are different in many critical ways, an interesting convergence appears. The person high in either self-monitoring or androgyny is characterized by adaptiveness and flexibility, while the low self-monitor or sex-typed person is relatively inflexible across situations, at least with respect to sex-typed behaviors. The present study was designed to establish the empirical relationship between androgyny and selfmonitoring. 'Deparunent of Psychology, California at 24th St., Omaha, NE 68178.
Quantitative MRI hippocampal volumes: association with onset and duration of epilepsy, and febrile convulsions in temporal lobectomy patients

The relationships between preoperatively acquired MRI-based hippocampal volumes (HV), seizure disorder onset and duration, and early childhood febrile convulsions were investigated retrospectively with data from 72 left and 56 right temporal lobectomy patients. Patients with lesional pathology and heterotopic abnormalities were excluded. Age at development of spontaneous seizures unprovoked by an acute illness defined age of seizure disorder onset. Age of onset was subtracted from age at neurosurgery to determine duration. MRI variables included in this study were the right and left HV divided by total intracranial volume (RAHV, LAHV), and the right — left hippocampal difference (DHF). Partial correlations were used to better isolate relationships with onset of recurrent seizures corrected for age at surgery, and age at neurosurgery corrected for age of recurrent seizure onset. Partial correlations between age at neurosurgery and volume were not significant in either group. LAHV (r = 0.42, P <0.0003) and DHF (r = −0.49, P <0.0001) were correlated with age of onset in the left lobectomy group. Correlations in the right lobectomy group were not significant. The presence of a febrile convulsion was associated with smaller LAHV (F(1,70) = 10.54, P <0.002) and larger DHF (F(1,70) = 11.36, P <0.002) in left temporal lobectomy patients. The presence of a febrile convulsion in the right temporal group was associated with a slightly smaller DHF (F(1,56) = 5.90, P <0.02), and slightly smaller RAHV (F(l,56) = 4.49, P < 0.04). These data suggest that hippocampal atrophy remains stable over the duration of temporal lobe onset seizure disorders, and is associated with early onset of recurrent seizures in left temporal patients. The difference across lobectomy groups in the magnitude of effect with regard to presence of a febrile convulsion, and the lack of correlation between hippocampal atrophy and onset of recurrent seizures in the right lobectomy group may be due to the interaction of developmental differences in brain morphology and timing of the insult that produces hippocampal pathology.
Chick clique: persuasive technology to motivate teenage girls to exercise

We are developing a preventative health cell phone application that helps motivate teenage girls to exercise by exploiting their social desire to stay connected with their peers. We targeted girls because they are more likely to become less active throughout adolescence and are more likely to use dangerous techniques for losing weight. The intent of Chick Clique is to provide information at opportune times in order to modify the behaviors of girls and ultimately lead to improved health habits. Our study investigated how collecting, sharing and comparing personal fitness information impacts activity level and health awareness.
Termination of Supraventricular Tachycardia Complicating the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome with External Countershock

A case that demonstrates the feasibility of using external electric countershock for termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia complicating the Wolff-Parkin-son-White syndrome is presented. The occurrence of fusion complexes between impulses originating in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes was observed.
Ethnicity in theory and practice

Thompson, Richard H. Theories of Ethnicity: A Critical Appraisal. West‐port, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989. xi +191 pp. including references and index. n.p. Nash, Manning. The Cauldron of Ethnicity in ...
A Perfect Storm? Reimagining Work in the Era of the End of the Job

Trends of independent workers, an economy of increasingly automated processes and an ethos of the peer-to-peer “sharing economy” are all coming together to transform work and employment as we know them. Emerging forms of “open” and “crowd” work are particularly keen sites for investigating how the structures and experiences of work, employment and organizations are changing. Drawing on research and design of work in organizational contexts, this paper explores how experiences with open and crowd work systems serve as sites of workplace cultural re-imagining. A marketplace, a crowdwork system and a crowdfunding experiment, all implemented within IBM, are examined as instances of new workplace configurations.
Modeling of Nonvolatile Quantum Dot Gate Structures Operating at Millimeter Wave Frequencies for Memory Applications

This paper models electrical characteristics of quantum dot nonvolatile memory cells during READ and WRITE operations. Capacitance-voltage characteristics are calculated by self-consistently solving the Schrodinger and Poisson equations. The memory access time for a 32 kb NOR array is 73 ps, which reduces to 13 ps in lightly-doped sheath (LDS) structures. The results show that a change in the quantum dot charge has a strong effect on drain to source current. The calculated cutoff frequency fT is 135 GHz for a 0.1 μm channel length Si field-effect memory structures. The application of a quantum dot memory cell as a programmable resistor in RF circuits is presented. By changing the quantum dot charge, the resistor values can be changed by 25%.
Biochemical sensing with an arrayed silicon nanowire platform

In this paper, we present our vision of a highly scalable arrayed biochemical sensor platform. This platform combines the advantages of refined and entrenched technologies like top-down integrated circuit fabrication and clinical assays with emerging technologies like three-dimensional stacking and label-free sensing. We demonstrate fabrication concepts and preliminary sensing results on ovarian cell lines prior to engaging in a discussion about relevant applications with regard to the exciting recent advances in genomics and oncology.
p53 gene mutations in pediatric brain tumors

We investigated the frequency of p53 mutations in 47 pediatric brain tumors of various histologic subtypes that were collected over a period of 5 years. The specimens included 15 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), 17 low grade astrocytomas, one anaplastic astrocytoma, three glioblastomas (GBMs), one mixed glial tumor, eight ependymomas, one choroid plexus carcinoma, and one gangliocytoma/ganglioneuroma. Mutations were identified by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exons 4-8 and verified by sequencing. Mutations were present in 2 of 3 cases of GBM, but not in 17 low grade astrocytomas (P = 0.02, Fisher's exact test). One GBM demonstrated a germline GGC to AGC transition (gly to ser) at codon 245 with loss of the wild-type allele. A second GBM contained a CGG to TGG transition (arg to trp) at codon 248, also with loss of the wild-type allele, but normal tissue was not available for comparison. In addition, one of 15 PNETs retained heterozygosity but demonstrated a somatic CGT to TGT transition (arg to cys) at codon 273. p53 mutations were absent in other histologic subtypes and in two cases with multiple primary cancers. These data are consistent with earlier findings that p53 mutations are rare in PNETs, which are primarily pediatric tumors. In contrast to adult gliomas, p53 mutations in pediatric gliomas appear restricted to the GBMs. The lack of p53 mutations in pediatric low grade astrocytomas suggests not only histological differences, but also a different molecular pathogenesis in adult and pediatric patients.
Cosmopolitan cocoa farmers: refashioning Africa in Divine Chocolate advertisements

This article concerns a beguiling set of advertisements for Divine Chocolate that feature women cocoa farmers from Ghana, which recently appeared in British magazines and newspapers. In contrast to representations of African women as exotic icons of ‘traditional’ cultures or leaders of progressive development schemes, the Divine advertisements depict farmers as cosmopolitan consumers of luxury goods and owners of the chocolate company. By representing these Ghanaian women as glamorous business owners, the images invite viewers to see them as potent actors in transnational exchanges of cocoa and chocolate, and as beneficiaries of these exchanges, in contrast to analyses that focus on market exploitation by the nation state or corporate actors. The images pose a challenge to narratives that cast Africa as continually on the losing side of harmful binaries – primitive/civilized, traditional/modern – and in an eternal developmental lag. Instead, they offer an alluring female figure that envisions and promotes...
Role of colonization in biocontrol: studies with Enterobacter cloacae

Abstract The importance of colonization of subterranean portions of crop plants by bacterial biocontrol agents needs to be defined and investigated. This paper describes the ongoing studies in our laboratories concerning the importance of colonization by Enterobacter cloacae to its suppression of the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum on cucumber. The use of E. cloacae mutants, which are reduced in cucumber spermosphere colonozation, and an environmental containment strategy for this biocontrol agent is also discussed.
The Distinction between Reason and Intuitive Knowledge in Spinoza's Ethics

While both intuitive knowledge (scientia intuitiva) and reason (ratio) are adequate ways of knowing for Spinoza, they are not equal. Intuitive knowledge, which Spinoza describes as the ‘greatest virtue of mind’, is superior to reason. The nature of this superiority has been the subject of some controversy due to Spinoza's notoriously parsimonious treatment of the distinction between reason and intuitive knowledge in the Ethics. In this paper, I argue that intuitive knowledge differs from reason not only in terms of its method of cognition—but also in terms of its content. More specifically, I maintain that there is something that is known by intuition, namely the unique essences of things, that is not known by reason. My argument is supported by an examination of Spinoza's account of essences in the Ethics, which reveals that he is committed to both unique and shared essences. Based on this dual commitment, I argue that whereas for Spinoza both reason and intuition can be said to reach adequate knowledge of the shared essence of a thing, the unique essence of a singular thing, which is nothing but its actual essence, can only be known through intuitive knowledge.
Perinatal factors, parenting behavior, and reactive aggression: Does cortisol reactivity mediate this developmental risk process?

Little is known about the mechanisms of action that link perinatal risk and the development of aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to examine whether perinatal risk and parenting interacted to specifically predict reactive aggression, as opposed to general aggressive behavior, and to examine cortisol reactivity as a mediator of this developmental risk process. In a community sample of 99 elementary school-aged children, prenatal risk was measured by a count of minor physical anomalies (MPAs), reactive aggression was measured by laboratory observations of aggression in response to provocation, and general aggression was measured by parent report. Cortisol reactivity was not found to mediate the association between MPAs and reactive aggression or general aggression. However, MPAs were found to interact with parenting behaviors to predict reactive aggression and general aggression, as well as cortisol reactivity. Specifically, as the deficits in parenting increased, MPAs became more strongly and positively associated with reactive aggressive and general aggressive outcomes. Similarly, in cases of poor parenting behaviors, MPAs were positively associated with higher cortisol reactivity. Implications for theory and prevention are discussed.
Pharmacological analysis of dopamine modulation in the Drosophila melanogaster larval heart

Dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters affect nonneuronal tissues in insects by circulating in the hemolymph. In several organisms, DA has been shown to modulate distinct aspects of cardiac function but the signal transduction pathways that mediate dopaminergic effects on the heart are not well characterized. Here, we used a semiintact Drosophila melanogaster larva preparation and drugs targeting DA receptors and canonical second messenger pathways to identify signaling cascades that mediate the effect of DA on a myogenic heart. DA has a positive chronotropic effect that is mimicked by SKF38393 (type-1 DA receptor agonist) and quinpirole (type-2 DA receptor agonist). SCH23390 and spiperone (type-1 and type-2 DA receptor antagonists) are moderately effective at inhibiting DA’s effect. An adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ,22536) is also effective at blocking the stimulatory effect of DA but the drug has its own dose-dependent effect. Activation of protein kinase C with a diacylglycerol analog has a stimulatory effect on heart rate (HR). These results suggest that (1) both DA receptor subtypes are expressed in third instar larva cardiac myocytes to increase HR in response to rising levels of DA in the hemolymph, and (2) canonical second messenger pathways modulate HR in D. melanogaster larvae. Having these disparate signaling cascades converge toward a common modulatory function appears redundant, but in the context of multiple cardioactive chemicals this redundancy is likely to increase the fidelity of signal transduction.
Modelling of subgrid-scale phenomena in supercritical transitional mixing layers: an a priori study

A database of transitional direct numerical simulation (DNS) realizations of a supercritical mixing layer is analysed for understanding small-scale behaviour and examining subgrid-scale (SGS) models duplicating that behaviour. Initially, the mixing layer contains a single chemical species in each of the two streams, and a perturbation promotes roll-up and a double pairing of the four spanwise vortices initially present. The database encompasses three combinations of chemical species, several perturbation wavelengths and amplitudes, and several initial Reynolds numbers specifically chosen for the sole purpose of achieving transition. The DNS equations are the Navier-Stokes, total energy and species equations coupled to a real-gas equation of state; the fluxes of species and heat include the Soret and Dufour effects. The large-eddy simulation (LES) equations are derived from the DNS ones through filtering. Compared to the DNS equations, two types of additional terms are identified in the LES equations: SGS fluxes and other terms for which either assumptions or models are necessary. The magnitude of all terms in the LES conservation equations is analysed on the DNS database, with special attention to terms that could possibly be neglected. It is shown that in contrast to atmospheric-pressure gaseous flows, there are two new terms that must be modelled: one in each of the momentum and the energy equations. These new terms can be thought to result from the filtering of the nonlinear equation of state, and are associated with regions of high density-gradient magnitude both found in DNS and observed experimentally in fully turbulent high-pressure flows. A model is derived for the momentum-equation additional term that performs well at small filter size but deteriorates as the filter size increases, highlighting the necessity of ensuring appropriate grid resolution in LES. Modelling approaches for the energy-equation additional term are proposed, all of which may be too computationally intensive in LES. Several SGS flux models are tested on an a priori basis. The Smagorinsky (SM) model has a poor correlation with the data, while the gradient (GR) and scale-similarity (SS) models have high correlations. Calibrated model coefficients for the GR and SS models yield good agreement with the SGS fluxes, although statistically, the coefficients are not valid over all realizations. The GR model is also tested for the variances entering the calculation of the new terms in the momentum and energy equations; high correlations are obtained, although the calibrated coefficients are not statistically significant over the entire database at fixed filter size. As a manifestation of the small-scale supercritical mixing peculiarities, both scalar-dissipation visualizations and the scalar-dissipation probability density functions (PDF) are examined. The PDF is shown to exhibit minor peaks, with particular significance for those at larger scalar dissipation values than the mean, thus significantly departing from the Gaussian behaviour.