cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Implications of an Elevated Troponin in the Emergency Department

Objective. To determine the proportion of initial troponin (cTn) elevations associated with Type I MI versus other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diagnoses in an emergency department (ED) and whether or not a relationship exists between the cTn level and the likelihood of Type I MI. Background. In the ED, cTn is used as a screening test for myocardial injury. However, the differential diagnosis for an initial positive cTn result is not clear. Methods. Hospital medical records were retrospectively reviewed for visits associated with an initial positive troponin I-ultra (cTnI), ≥0.05 μg/L. Elevated cTnI levels were stratified into low (0.05–0.09), medium (0.1–0.99), or high (≥1.0). Discharge diagnoses were classified into 3 diagnostic groups (Type I MI, other cardiovascular, or noncardiovascular). Results. Of 23,731 ED visits, 4,928 (21%) had cTnI testing. Of those tested, 16.3% had initial cTnI ≥0.05. Among those with elevated cTn, 11% were classified as Type I MI, 34% had other cardiovascular diagnoses, and 55% had a noncardiovascular diagnosis. Type I MI was more common with high cTnI levels (41% incidence) than among subjects with medium (9%) or low (6%). Conclusion. A positive cTn is most likely a noncardiovascular diagnosis, but Type I MI is far more common with cTnI levels ≥1.0.
A Note on Bivariate Smoothing for Two-Dimensional Functional Data

In this paper we study a bivariate smoothing approach for estimating multiple functional parameters for functional data with a two-dimensional domain. We present a penalized regression framework for smoothing with the purpose to: (a) facilitate the estimation of the smooth overall bivariate mean function of two-dimensional functional data, (b) enable the estimation of the functional effect of a scalar covariate, (c) accommodate completely or incompletely sampled data, (d) implement the fitting approach using available statistical software, and (e) construct pointwise approximate confidence intervals for multiple bivariate functional parameters. Implementation results from simulation studies show that these methods perform very well in practice. We illustrate the usefulness of the bivariate smoothing approach to several real datasets, including applications to electricity demand.
The contingent meaning of neighborhood stability for residents' psychological well-being

nities and the individuals who live in them, and may be especially beneficial in poor neighborhoods. In contrast, a social isolation perspective proposes that neighborhood stability has negative effects on residents'psychological well-being in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. This analysis of multilevel data-data in which survey information from a representative sample of Illinois residents is linked to census-tract information about poverty and stability in their neighborhoodsupports a social isolation perspective. In affluent neighborhoods, stability is associated with low levels of distress; under conditions of poverty the opposite is true. In part this occurs because residents of poor, stable neighborhoods face high levels of disorder in their neighborhoods. Stability does not reduce perceived disorder under conditions of poverty, as it does in more affluent neighborhoods, which leaves residents feeling powerless to leave a dangerous place. Finally, the negative effects of poor, stable neighborhoods on residents'psychological well-being do not stem from a lack of social ties among neighbors. N EIGHBORHOOD stability traditionally has been heralded as a boon to quality of life, but stability's influence may not always be positive. We extend the research on neighborhood stability by showing how the benefits of stability for individual psychological well-being depend on the local economic context. We make three contributions. First, we directly assess residents' psychological distress, measured as depression and anxiety. We depart from the tradition of considering crime as the ultimate outcome and instead examine the effects of neighborhood stability and poverty on the psychological well-being of residents. Second, we examine the effects of residential stability across different types of neighborhoods because the effect of neighborhood stability on psychological well-being may depend on economic context. Third, we investigate whether physical and social disorder in the neighborhood mediates the joint effect of neighborhood stability and poverty on distress because disorder influences residents' perceptions that they are powerless to leave a threatening and dangerous environment.
A LIMIT THEOREM FOR BERNOULLI RV'S AND FELLER'S SHOE PROBLEM

Consider n sets of objects, each set consisting of m distinct types (for instance n place settings each made up of m distinct dishes and silverware pieces.) s items are drawn at random from the mn items. The distribution of the number of complete sets (each consisting of all m items) in the sample of s is asymptotically Poisson distributed with parameter (a /m)m if s = an1–1 and n∞. This fact can be interpreted in terms of a certain limit theorem for a sequence of i.i.d Bernoulli rv's.
A unique facet of an amorphous magnetism in crystalline solids: Hard materials

Abstract Selected facets of magnetization behavior in site disordered rare earth-transition metal compounds are presented. Examples are given for the relation of weak exchange links to intrinsic hardness, for the similarity of magnetization behavior between amorphous and site disordered crystalline materials and for complex freezing phenomena in ferrimagnets.
A moral argument for intellectual piety

Dans le Theaetetus, Platon met en evidence l'interrelation entre la moralite et la religion. Cette conception n'est en aucun cas retenue par l'ensemble des philosophes platoniciens contemporains. G. E. Moore par exemple, est selon l'A. un platonicien sans dieu. Il croit que la vie morale est guidee par notre reconnaissance du bien et en particulier de ce que l'homme juge bon pour lui. Selon l'A., cette connaissance de soi ne suffit pas. Elle doit s'articuler sur l'existence de Dieu et la notion d'espoir
Artificial Lung: Bench Toward Bedside

Current efforts toward developing the artificial lung (AL) have the goal of ambulatory total respiratory support for weeks to months as a bridge to lung transplant or lung recovery or, ultimately, as long-term support. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has occasionally been used as
Effects of alloying elements upon austenite decomposition in low-C steels

The kinetics of austenite decomposition were studied in high-purity Fe-0.1C-0.4Mn-0.3Si-X (concentrations in weight percent;X represents 3Ni, 1Cr, or 0.5Mo) steels at temperatures between 500 °C and 675 °C. The transformation stasis phenomenon was found in the Fe-C-Mn-Si-Mo and Fe-C-Mn-Si-Ni alloys isothermally transformed at 650 °C and 675 °C but not in the Fe-C-Mn-Si and Fe-C-Mn-Si-Cr alloys at any of the temperatures investigated. The occurrence of transformation stasis was explained by synergistic interactions among alloying elements. The paraequilibrium model was applied to calculate the metastable fraction of ferrite in each alloy. This fraction was shown to coincide with cessation of transformation in the Mo alloy transformed at 600 °C. Transformation stasis was found in both the Ni and the Mo alloys isothermally reacted at 650 °C and 675 °C. The interactions among Mn, Si, and Mo, as well as interactions among Mn, Si, and Ni, appear to decrease the threshold concentrations for transformation stasis in Fe-C-Mn-Si systems. Segregation of Mn and Mo to the α/yγ boundary, assisted by the presence of Si, was suggested to enhance the solute draglike effect (SDLE) and lead to transformation stasis. In the Ni alloy, a lower driving force for ferrite formation resulting from the Ni addition could be responsible for the occurrence of transformation stasis.
Energy-efficient data collection in heterogeneous wireless sensor and actor networks

In this paper, we address the issue of activity scheduling of sensors in heterogeneous wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs), thereby proposing an energy-efficient data collection scheme in such networks. In order to extend the lifetime of heterogeneous WSANs, sensors are activated and deactivated under certain constraints throughout the network operations. Here, we propose a coordination framework in which actors exchange information with each other and decide about the availability of redundant sensors that are eventually deactivated to save energy. In particular, let there be r different types of sensors with each sensor observing a particular sensing parameter. Under the initial deployment of sensors and actors within some field of observation, if an actor v receives information regarding k different sensing parameters, either directly from sensors or through other actors, then our scheme determines a small subset of sensors that are sufficient to provide information regarding the same k sensing parameters to v.
Analysis of antifreeze glycoproteins in fish serum

A procedure utilizing high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography that permits rapid screening for both the types of components present in and the quantity of antifreeze glycoprotein in fish serum or solution is described. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by a comparative study of five different fish species, four of which contain the antifreeze glycoprotein and one which does not contain this protein. The antifreeze glycoprotein compositions of two fish of the same species, collected at different locations or under different environmental conditions, are also compared. A linear molecular-weight versus elution-volume function is established for both standard native proteins and the antifreeze glycoproteins, but these two lines do not coincide. The differences in tertiary structure between the antifreeze glycoproteins and normal proteins are presented as an explanation for the nonequivalence of calibration lines.
Algorithms to compute bridging fault coverage of IDDQ test sets

We present two algorithms, called list-based scheme and tree-based scheme, to compute bridging fault (BF) coverage of IDDQ tests. These algorithms use the novel ideal of “indistinguishable pairs,” which makes it more efficient and versatile than known fault simulation algorithms. Unlike known algorithms, the two algorithms can be used for combinational as well as sequential circuits and for arbitrary sets of BFs. Experiments show that the tree-based scheme is, in general, better than the list-based scheme. But the list-based scheme is better for some classes of faults.
Reactions to allegations of discrimination

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine alleged perpetrators' reactions to being accused of discrimination.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines how the mode of confrontation as well as the perpetrator's status relate to the alleged perpetrator's state of anger and the likelihood of providing a justification to the victim. To test the hypotheses, the authors conducted an experimental design using an organizational scenario.Findings – The mode of confrontation predicts the likelihood of providing a justification to the victim. The paper also found that both anger and the likelihood of providing a justification for a charge of discrimination are higher when the mode of confrontation is indirect and the alleged perpetrator is the supervisor.Research limitations/implications – An organizational scenario limits the realism of the study such that results may not generalize to actual organizational settings (Stone, Hosoda, Lukaszewski and Phillips). In addition, the response rate was low. Ne...
DEFICIENT VASCULAR INNERVATION IN FAMILIAL DYSAUTONOMIA, AN EXPLANATION FOR VASOMOTOR INSTABILITY

Deficient vascular innervation in familial dysautonomia, an explanation for vasomotor instability An ultrastructural study of peripheral blood vessels in familial dysautonomia demonstrates the absence of autonomic nerve terminals. In control subjects both sympathetic terminals containing dense-cored vesicles and presumptive cholinergic terminals containing agranular vesicles are readily shown. Lack of autonomic innervation of blood vessels in familial dysautonomia accounts for postural hypotension and other abnormalities of vasomotor reflexes. It also explains exaggerated responses to sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic agents in terms of denervation hypersensitivity. Ultrastructural analysis of vascular nerve terminals may be of general value in the study of many diseases which show vasomotor instability.
An edge directed super resolution technique for multimedia applications

In this paper, we present an Edge Directed Super Resolution (EDSR) technique for grayscale and color images. The proposed algorithm is a multiple pass iterative algorithm aimed at producing better defined images with sharper edges. The basic premise behind this algorithm is interpolating along the edge direction and thus reducing blur that comes from traditional interpolation techniques which operate across the edge in some instances. To this effect, horizontal and vertical gradients derived from the input reference image resized to the target resolution, are utilized to generate an edge direction map, which in turn is quantized into four discrete directions. The process then utilizes the multiple input images shifted by a sub pixel amount to yield a single higher resolution image. A cross correlation based registration approach determines the relative shifts between the frames. In the case of color images, the edge directed super resolution algorithm is applied to the L channel in the L*a*b* color space, since most of the edge information is concentrated in that channel. The two color difference channels a* and b* are resized to a higher resolution using a conventional bicubic interpolation approach. The algorithm developed was applied to grayscale and color images and showed favorable results on a wide variety of datasets ranging from printing to surveillance, to regular consumer photography.
Uncertainty and rank order in the analytic hierarchy process

Abstract The Analytic Hierarchy Process uses paired comparisons to derive a scale of relative importance for alternatives. We investigate the effect of uncertainty in judgment on the stability of the rank order of alternatives. The uncertainty experienced by decision makers in making comparisons is measured by associating with each judgment an interval of numerical values. The approach leads to estimating the probability that an alternative or project exchanges rank with other projects. These probabilities are then used to calculate the probability that project would change rank at all. We combine the priority of importance of each project with the probability that it does not change rank, to obtain the final ranking.
Background Spectra For Rapid- Or Step-Scan FTIR Depth Profiling

BACKGROUND SPECTRA FOR RAPID- OR STEP -SCAN FTIR DEPTH PROFILINGR. O. Carter IIIResearch Staff, Ford Motor CompanyDearborn, MI 48121R. A. Palmer, R. M. Dittmar, C. J. Manning, S. S. BainsDepartment of Chemistry, Duke UniversityDurham, NC 27706J. L. ChaoCommunications System Division, IBM CorporationResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709The evaluation of a polymer of commercial significance to withstand processingand to perform properly has been generally
NATO Enlargement and Institution Building: Military Personnel Policy Challenges in the Post-Soviet Context

Abstract States’ conscription policies reveal much about their security climate, economic constraints, political debates, and social norms. While conscription has waned among democratic countries, several states maintain it as a way to socialize and educate their citizens. As post-communist states embrace Western influence and NATO, many have ended compulsory military service. In post-Soviet Georgia, however, conscription policy is a microcosm illustrating the difficulties of bridging security vulnerabilities, political upheaval, and resource realities. Although previous scholarship predicts that security and economic needs should supersede other considerations, we find that the domestic political context looms larger for decision makers of transitioning states.
A Method to Calculate the Electric Field and Ion Current Density at Ground Level for HVDC Transmission Lines during Rain Weather

HVDC transmission lines can generate an effect on the environment nearby due to the electric field and the ion current density after the corona occurs, so the calculation of ionic flow field is significant to transmission lines design and electromagnetic analysis. However, there is no effective method to calculate the characteristic parameters of ionic flow field under rainy condition. Based on Deutschs assumption, a calculational method is proposed with considering the effects of raindrops on ionic flow field. In the method, the space-charge-free electric field distortion caused by raindrops is especially considered, and the charged raindrops are seen as a charge background of transmission lines. The field strengths and ion current densities calculated using this method are compared with the experimental results in the published literature, it shows that the method is effective and accurate enough under fair and rainy conditions.
Offshore and onshore liquefaction at Moss Landing spit, central California—Result of the October 17,1989, Loma Prieta earthquake

As a result of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta (Santa Cruz Mountains, California) earthquake, liquefaction of the fluvial, estuarine, eolian, and beach sediments under a sand spit destroyed the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and damaged other structures and utilities. Initial studies suggested that the liquefaction was a local phenomenon. More detailed offshore investigations, however, indicate that it occurred over a large area (maximum 8 km{sup 2}) during or shortly after the earthquake with movement of unconsolidated sediment toward and into the head of Monterey submarine canyon. This conclusion is supported by side-scan sonographs, high-resolution seismic-reflection and bathymetric profiles, onshore and sea-floor photographs, and underwater video tapes. Many distinct lobate features were identified on the shallow shelf. These features almost certainly were the result of the October 17 earthquake; they were subsequently destroyed by winter storms. In addition, fresh slump scars and recently dislodged mud debris were found on the upper, southern wall of Monterey submarine canyon.
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with concomitant IVC thrombectomy, caval wall resection, and grafting for metastatic NSGCT.

Introduction The management of a post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal mass secondary to testicular cancer can present a surgical challenge when involving adjacent organs or major vascular structures. We present the first video of a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) with IVC (inferior vena cava) thrombectomy, caval wall resection resulting from metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell testis (NSGCT) cancer. Methods In this surgical video, we highlight important surgical considerations in the management of a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal mass with direct IVC wall invasion and level 2 thrombus in such a patient. Results A 34 year old man underwent a right inguinal orchiectomy for a mixed NSGCT (embryonal, yolk sac, and teratoma components) and elevated serum tumor markers. He underwent systemic chemotherapy (BEP regimen x 4 cycles) with subsequent near normalization of tumor markers. His post-chemotherapy imaging revealed a 6 cm residual retroperitoneal mass with a level 2 IVC tumor thrombus and suspected direct infrarenal IVC wall invasion from the mass. The patient underwent an open post-chemotherapy RPLND, IVC thrombectomy, IVC resection and grafting. The final pathology report of the retroperitoneal mass revealed teratoma with no viable germ cell tumor elements and negative surgical margins. His intra-operative and post-operative stages were unremarkable with his IVC graft remaining patent and no evidence of disease recurrence at last follow-up. Conclusion We present the first surgical video of a post-chemotherapy RPLND with IVC thrombectomy, caval wall resection and grafting for metastatic NSGCT. The final pathology report of teratoma with no viable tumor highlights the local vascular invasive potential of such pathology.
Theory of the mitotic index and its application to tissue growth measurement.

Analysis is made to show that the mitotic index is simply proportional to the ratio of the duration of mitosis (T) to the intermitotic time only under special conditions. In the case of exponential growth of cell population the simple proportionality hold if the product ofT and the growth constant is small. For power law (t n ) growth of cell population the simple proportionality holds only when a steady state of growth has existed for at least ten intermitotic periods. The simple proportionality does not apply in conditions of transient growth.
Thyroid hormone resistance and enlargement of the sella turcica during pregnancy

A 26-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to our institution running her 30 weeks of gestation. The patient had a past history of total thyroidectomy cause of a thyroid papillary carcinoma and presented with increased supraphysiological TSH levels under 250 µg T4, while slightly hyperthyroid, from the clinical point of view. Partial resistance to thyroid replacement therapy or TSH-secreting tumour was evoked. Pituitary MRI revealed a pituitary enlargement without excluding a pituitary adenoma. To avoid further stress on pituitary a caesarean section was performed at 38 weeks of gestation. MRI 7 months later was normal, while the patient remained under high doses of T4 replacement therapy and TSH was found at the upper limits of normalcy, while T3, T4 and FTI were above normalcy. We conclude that, in the absence of thyroid gland, high TSH levels due to thyroid hormone resistance could be erroneously attributed to a pituitary TSH secreting tumour, when associated with a pregnancy-related pituitary enlargement.
DEGENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF EFFERENT NERVE FIBERS IN THE GUINEA PIG ORGAN OF CORTI. A LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY

Summary After brain stem lesions interrupting the efferent innervation to the inner ear in guinea pigs, the degeneration and the distribution of efferent nerve fibers in the organ of Corti were studied in surface preparations stained by the zinc iodide-osmic acid (ZIO) technique. Light microscopy, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine tissue from animals with postoperative survival times of 1–41 days. Following section of the crossed efferent bundle alone, degenerative changes were first evident in the outer hair cell (OHC) innervation as early as 1 day after placement of the brain stem lesion. Degeneration in the inner spiral (ISB) and spira l tunnel (STB) bundles was seen after about 3 days. After transection of both components of the efferent nerve supply all neural elements stained by the ZIO method degenerated and disappeared. This finding indicates a high specificity of the stain for the efferent nerve fibers. It was found that both radially and spirally oriented efferent fibers innervate the OHC. The spiral fibers follow long, complex courses directed toward either the base or the apex of Corti's organ. These fibers predominate in the upper cochlear turns where they sometimes meander into the region of Hensen's cells. Radial fibers comprise the major efferent supply to the OHC in the basal portion of the cochlea. Fibers coursing toward both the base and apex were seen in the inner spiral and spiral tunnel bundles. A close structural relationship was noted between these two bundles, suggesting that the STB may, in part, serve in an accessory capacity to the ISB. Single nerve fibers were often seen contacting the supranuclear portions of both inner and outer hair cells. These climbing efferent fibers were particularly numerous in the upper turns of the organ of Corti.
A correlator-based current measurement system for transmission line pole footings

The ground wire on top of a H.V. transmission line poses a unique problem when measuring the resistance of pole footings. With a multimeter most of the current is diverted away from the footing and a simple clamp-on type current meter is impractical for poles ranging in diameter from 8 to 32 in. In addition, clamp-on meters typically fail below a few milliamperes but sub-milliampere measurements are required for accurate monitoring of pole footing resistance. A correlator-based sub-milliampere current measurement system using giant magneto-resistive (GMR) magnetic field sensors is reported in this paper. A correlator-based phase insensitive algorithm was used with injected currents at 94 Hz. Experiments conducted on a pole in the laboratory indicate measurement of current values exceeding 1 mA with a standard deviation of less than 2%. Measurements were also performed with current values as low as 0.2 mA with a standard deviation of 16%. Details of the system, correlator algorithm, and results are presented in this paper.
Some effects of dibutylchloromethyltin chloride and other reagents on mitochondrial K+ flux.

Respiration-dependent K+ fluxes across the limiting membranes of isolated rat liver mitochondria, measured by means of42K, are stimulated by the oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor dibutylchloromethyltin chloride (DBCT). A lack of effect of Cl− concentration indicates that the stimulation of K+ flux by DBCT is not attributable to Cl−/OH− exchange activity. The mercurial mersalyl was previously shown to stimulate respiration-dependent K+ influx. The combined presence of mersalyl plus DBCT results in a greater stimulation of K+ influx than is caused by either DBCT or mersalyl alone. The oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor oligomycin, which alone has no effect on respiration-dependent K+ influx, enhances the stimulatory effect of mersalyl on K+ influx. The data are consistent with, although not proof of, a direct interaction of the K+ transport mechanism with the mitochondrial energy transduction apparatus.
Groundwater salinity in a floodplain forest impacted by saltwater intrusion

Coastal wetlands occupy a delicate position at the intersection of fresh and saline waters. Changing climate and watershed hydrology can lead to saltwater intrusion into historically freshwater systems, causing plant mortality and loss of freshwater habitat. Understanding the hydrological functioning of tidally influenced floodplain forests is essential for advancing ecosystem protection and restoration goals, however finding direct relationships between hydrological inputs and floodplain hydrology is complicated by interactions between surface water, groundwater, and atmospheric fluxes in variably saturated soils with heterogeneous vegetation and topography. Thus, an alternative method for identifying common trends and causal factors is required. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a time series dimension reduction technique, models temporal variation in observed data as linear combinations of common trends, which represent unexplained common variability, and explanatory variables. DFA was applied to model shallow groundwater salinity in the forested floodplain wetlands of the Loxahatchee River (Florida, USA), where altered watershed hydrology has led to changing hydroperiod and salinity regimes and undesired vegetative changes. Long-term, high-resolution groundwater salinity datasets revealed dynamics over seasonal and yearly time periods as well as over tidal cycles and storm events. DFA identified shared trends among salinity time series and a full dynamic factor model simulated observed series well (overall coefficient of efficiency, Ceff=0.85; 0.52≤Ceff≤0.99). A reduced multilinear model based solely on explanatory variables identified in the DFA had fair to good results (Ceff=0.58; 0.38≤Ceff≤0.75) and may be used to assess the effects of restoration and management scenarios on shallow groundwater salinity in the Loxahatchee River floodplain.
Tomstown Dolomite (Lower Cambrian), central Appalachian Mountains, and the habitat of Salterella conulata

Measured sections in the Tomstown Dolomite, Washington County, Maryland, indicate a considerably thinner section of carbonate rocks than in Virginia. Salterella conulata Clark, found at three previously undescribed localities, is confined to a narrow stratigraphic interval and may have biostratigraphic value. S. conulata is a faunal component in the lagoon-bay portion of an Early Cambrian tidal flat complex.
SIM vs. SOS: a space interferometry trade study

This study was undertaken at the JPL to identify salient features of two competing instrument designs and to select the design that best meets the goals of the Space Interferometry Mission. Features were examined in terms of meeting performance, cost, schedule and risk requirements. The study included the spacecraft, the space environment, metrology considerations, stabilization of optics with temperature, spacecraft structure, complexity, and end-to- end testing among other items. The most significant determinant was the fundamental implementation of the instrument's metrology system. The impact on the testbed program associated with the mission was considered the second most important issue. An error propagation formalism was developed to address various instrument geometries examined as part of this study. The formalism propagates metrology errors from the gauge readings through to the angle on the sky. An introduction to the formalism is presented.
Evaluation of Durability of Stabilized Clay Specimens Using Different Laboratory Procedures

In this comprehensive laboratory study, different tests—namely, investigations of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at the end of freeze-thaw/wet-dry (F-T/W-D) cycles, the resilient modulus (Mr) at the end of F-T/W-D cycles, vacuum saturation, and moisture susceptibility—were used to evaluate the durability of cementitiously stabilized subgrade soils. Two fat clays commonly encountered as subgrade soils in Oklahoma, Dennis and Lomill series, were utilized. These soils were stabilized with 6 % hydrated lime (or lime), 10 % class C fly ash (CFA), or 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD). Cylindrical specimens of three different sizes were compacted and cured for seven days. Then, Harvard miniature specimens were tested for UCS at the end of F-T/W-D cycles and moisture susceptibility (five-hour soaking). Additionally, cylindrical specimens were tested for Mr at the end of F-T and W-D cycles to evaluate the effect of F-T and W-D cycles on Mr. Furthermore, Proctor size specimens were tested for UCS after vacuum saturation. All the specimens showed a decrease in UCS values at the end of F-T cycles and vacuum saturation. In general, all the specimens tested in this study showed an increase in UCS values at the end of one W-D cycle. The Mr values of both raw and stabilized soil specimens were found to decrease with an increase in the number of F-T or W-D cycles. Both soils showed the maximum resistance to F-T and W-D cycles after being stabilized with 6 % lime, as compared to 10 % CFA and 10 % CKD. A similar trend was evident in both moisture susceptibility and vacuum saturation tests.
Prediction of geomagnetic activity on time scales of one to ten years

The long-term prediction of geomagnetic indices that characterize the state of the magnetosphere is discussed. While a prediction of the yearly average sunspot number is simultaneously a prediction of the yearly number of sudden-commencement storms, it is not a prediction of the number of disturbed or quiet half days. Knowledge of the sunspot cycle phase leads to a good estimate of the correlation expected between activity during one 27-day solar rotation period and the next.
Morphine-ethanol interaction on body temperature.

Abstract 1. 1. The interaction between ethanol and morphine on core temperature was investigated in Swiss Webster mice. 2. 2. Morphine (2.5–30 mg/kg) and ethanol (0.5–3.0 mg/g) administered individually resulted in a dose dependent decrease in body temperature. 3. 3. When both drugs were injected simultaneously, body temperature decreased less than it would be expected to if the effects were additive. 4. 4. Naloxone antagonized the hypothermic effect of morphine, but the hypothermic effect of ethanol and that of the combination of morphine plus ethanol was only reversed with high doses of naloxone (10 mg/kg). 5. 5. Individual morphine and ethanol plasma levels were not significantly altered by their concomitant administration. 6. 6. Binding of tritiated naloxone to opiate receptors in mouse brain membrane preparations was unchanged by pretreatment with ethanol (0.5 and 2 mg/g). 7. 7. The interaction between morphine and ethanol was found to be less than additive and not related to pharmacokinetic changes of either drug.
Family religion and psychopathology in children of depressed mothers: ten-year follow-up.

Abstract Background Previously we found that transmission of religion from mother to adult offspring as measured by correlations on ratings of personal importance of religion and frequency of attendance at religious services was hindered by maternal depression. Concordance of denomination, a measure indicating successful transmission of denomination within a mother and offspring pair, was associated with a 71% decreased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in offspring. This study attempts to replicate the findings in a younger generation of mothers who were the original offspring or spouse of the original offspring in the previous study, and their offspring. Methods Mothers (N = 45) and offspring (N = 78) were assessed for MDD and anxiety using semi-structured clinical interviews (The Diagnostic Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Modified for the Anxiety Disorders) at two points across a ten-year interval. Religiosity was assessed by report of personal spirituality, frequency of attendance at religious services, and religious denomination Results Results partially replicate previous findings that maternal depression hinders the transmission of importance but not attendance or denomination to offspring. Concordance of denomination is protective, decreasing by 91% the likelihood of childhood anxiety or depression, independent of maternal depression. Limitations include small sample size that represents few denominations, limited assessments of religiosity, and inability to control for the possible confound of a close relationship between mother and offspring in our analyses. Conclusions Family agreement and practice of religious denomination may be a robust protective source from MDD or anxiety for youth, independent of the effects of maternal depression.
The composition of some nitrato nitrosylruthenium complexes

Isolation and analysis of some of the nitrato complexes of nitrosylruthenium existing in nitric acid solutions has permitted identification of the complexes. The complex that is most extractable in tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was shown to be trinitrato nitrosylruthenium [RuNO(NO3)3 (H2O)2]; other extractable species contained fewer than three nitrato groups. Three cationic species, which were isolated by ion exchange techniques, were shown to be dinitrato, mononitrato and nonnitrato nitrosylruthenium with the probable formulas [RuNO(NO3)2(H2O) (H2O4]2+, and [RuNO(H2O5]3+, respectively. A study of the complexes adsorbed by anion exchange resins indicated the absorbed species to be a mixture of complexes some of which contained more than three nitrato groups per ruthenium atom.
Distribution of foraminifera and sediments, Peru-Chile trench area ☆

Abstract Eighteen trawl samples, one Petersen grab, and thirteen Phleger cores were collected between depths of 179 and 6250 m in the Peru-Chile Trench area off the west coast of South America. Sediments are mainly olive-green silt, clay and colloidal material; however, four cores contain significant amounts of either sand-sized foraminifera or shale fragments, and one of these cores is mainly white volcanic ash. Values for organic carbon and nitrogen are much higher in the bathyal than in the abyssal zone. Sediment grain sizes do not exihibit definitive trends with either depth or distance from shore. Calcium carbonate contents decrease sharply below 3500 m, reflecting reduced quantities of calcareous foraminifera in the Trench. Radiolarians are usually more than twice as abundant as foraminifera deeper than 1500 m. Foraminifera larger than 0·5 mm were concentrated in the trawl samples and are mainly arenaceous types below 1000 m. Among the smaller foraminifera, calcareous forms predominate down to 2000 m; at greater depths calcarenus-arenaceous ratios fluctuate extremely. Tests of planktonic foraminifera are most abundant in the bathyal zone. Bathymetric foraminiferal zonation is based upon upper limits of occurrence for both the larger live foraminifera from the trawls and the smaller foraminifera from the cores. Maximum size of the larger foraminifera is usually between 1 and 10 mm. The zonation is: Trawls Cores 1. 179 M Valvulineria inflata Group 2. 878 M Cibicides wuellerstorfi and 796 M Epistominella pacifica smithi Group Reophax scorpiurus Groups 1171 M Cyclammina cancellata Group 1171 M Uvigerina peregrina dirupta Group 4 1863 M Alveolophragmium subgloobosum and 1932 M Eponides tumidulus-Uvigerina Reophax nodulosus Groups Hispida Group 5. 2489 M. Hormosina ovicula Group 2489 M Nonion pompilioides Group 6. 3149 M Planispirinoides bucculenta Group M Stilonstomella antieea Group 7. 3404 M Recurvoides turbinatus-Bathysiphon Group Estimates of the total volumes of material caught by each trawl range 2 to about 43 kg, dry wt. Species restricted to deep water appear to have evolved from depth-tolerant ancestors.
deconstructing silence: the queer political economy of the social articulation of desire

Queer theory offers insights for political economy on how humans induce categories and conflate traits in ways psychologists call "illusory correlations." A Bayesian simulation is constructed of people interacting and using probits to compare their rankings of alternatives to estimate the subjective probability i.) that others have the same tastes as them, and ii.), for each alternative, that this alternative is their best choice. These simulations are found to, at least simplistically, resemble a type of illusory correlation which gained increased prominence in the United States from 1930 to 1960, and earlier in the United Kingdom when queer panics conflated "predatory" and "traitorous" with lesbian/gay. This modeling of the social articulation of preferences leads to conjectures on the role of Michel Foucault's episteme (1972), Barbara Ponse's principle of consistency (1978), Jeffrey Escoffier's master code (1985), Sandra Bem's schema (1981), John R. Searle's Background (1990, 1992, 1995), and Judith Bu...
Interaction of vacancies with a grain boundary in aluminum: A first-principles study

We present a theoretical study of the interaction of vacancies with a tilt grain boundary in aluminum based on the density functional theory. The grain boundary volume expansion and vacancy induced contraction are calculated and compared for the nearest-neighbor atoms, and the former is found to be smaller than the latter. The formation energy of a vacancy placed at various layers in the grain boundary has been calculated and we find that it costs more energy to form a vacancy at the boundary plane than in bulk, although the rest of the grain boundary region does attract vacancies. The microscopic mechanisms of grain boundary sliding and migration are investigated thoroughly with and without a vacancy. We find that although the vacancy can hinder the grain boundary motion by tripling the energy barrier of sliding and migration, it cannot inhibit or even delay the migration process. The vacancy placed at the first layer from the interface is found to be trapped at the layer and not able to follow the migrating interface.
Protein kinase-C activation increases the quantity and poly(A) tail length of corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA in NPLC cells.

We have studied the effect of protein kinase-C activation on the regulation of CRH gene expression in the human hepatoma cell line NPLC/PRF/5 (NPLC), the only cell line known to express the endogenous CRH gene. Incubation of NPLC cells with 100 nM 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a phorbol ester that activates protein kinase-C, resulted in a rapid (1-h) and prolonged (72-h) increase in CRH mRNA levels, with the maximum increase of 16-fold observed at 24 h. In addition, TPA treatment increased the size of CRH mRNA by approximately 100 nucleotides. This size increase, which was blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, occurred within 1 h of TPA addition and lasted at least 8 h, with a return toward the baseline size by 24 h. Structural analysis of CRH mRNA revealed two poly(A) addition sites and, as found in human placenta, multiple transcription start sites. The increase in CRH mRNA size was not due to changes in the sites of either transcription initiation or poly(A) addition, but, rather, to ...
Personalized Medicine and Cancer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and more than 1.5 million new cases and more than 0.5 million deaths were reported during 2010 in the United States alone. Following completion of the sequencing of the human genome, substantial progress has been made in characterizing the human epigenome, proteome, and metabolome; a better understanding of pharmacogenomics has been developed, and the potential for customizing health care for the individual has grown tremendously. Recently, personalized medicine has mainly involved the systematic use of genetic or other information about an individual patient to select or optimize that patient’s preventative and therapeutic care. Molecular profiling in healthy and cancer patient samples may allow for a greater degree of personalized medicine than is currently available. Information about a patient’s proteinaceous, genetic, and metabolic profile could be used to tailor medical care to that individual’s needs. A key attribute of this medical model is the development of companion diagnostics, whereby molecular assays that measure levels of proteins, genes, or specific mutations are used to provide a specific therapy for an individual’s condition by stratifying disease status, selecting the proper medication, and tailoring dosages to that patient’s specific needs. Additionally, such methods can be used to assess a patient’s risk factors for a number of conditions and to tailor individual preventative treatments. Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives of personalized medicine in cancer are discussed.
Chylous ascites: a manifestation of blunt abdominal trauma in an infant

This report presents an infant in whom a unique case of chylous ascites developed after blunt abdominal trauma. Unfortunately, this case was complicated by Pseudomonas peritonitis, likely from a distant source. Our patient was treated medically and had a good overall outcome.
Medical effects and risks of exposure to ionising radiation

Effects and risk from exposure to ionising radiation depend upon the absorbed dose, dose rate, quality of radiation, specifics of the tissue irradiated and other factors such as the age of the individual. Effects may be apparent almost immediately or may take decades to be manifest. Cancer is the most important stochastic effect at absorbed doses of less than 1 Gy. The risk of cancer induction varies widely across different tissues; however, the risk of fatal radiation-induced cancer for a general population following chronic exposure is about 5% Sv−1. Quantification of cancer risk at doses of less than 0.1 Gy remains problematic. Hereditary risks from irradiation that might result in effects to offspring of humans appear to be much lower and any such potential risks can only be estimated from animal models. At high doses (over 1 Gy) cell killing and modification causes deterministic effects such as skin burns, and bone marrow depression, in which case immunosuppression becomes a critical issue. Acute whole body penetrating gamma irradiation at doses in excess of 2 Gy results in varying degrees of acute radiation sickness and doses over 10 Gy are usually lethal as a result of combined organ injury.
Recent developments in reactively sputtered optical thin films

Highlights of a multiyear effort to develop new or improved thin-film, optical-coating materials through the use of reactive sputtering techniques are presented. Reactive sputtering is shown to be an extremely versatile technique capable of straightforward synthesis of broad classes of materials. The exceptional utility of sputtering for preparation of hard coatings such as oxides, nitrides and novel materials based on Si and Ge is described. Some of these coating materials cannot be made by conventional evaporative techniques. Reactive sputtering allows precise control of coating composition, microstructure and the resulting optical properties. Supporting data are presented for TiO2, for which record high damage thresholds were obtained, and for Si-based coatings, for which record low infrared absorptance was achieved. Transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings with low sheet resistance and high visible and near infrared transmission can also be made. These coatings have many electro-optic contact and electromagnetic shielding applications. Examples of multilayer coatings such as all-dielectric and dielectric-enhanced mirrors made from reactively sputtered materials are included, and simple yet elegant fabrication techniques are introduced. The reactive sputtering technique and equipment used specifically for optical coatings are briefly described, and comparison is made with the conventional evaporative approach.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interconnect performance and scaling strategy at the 5 nm Node

In this paper, optimization of 1X BEOL wiring level of 7 nm node is presented. We focus on the interconnect delay from 10 nm node to 7 nm node using a single stage driver circuit. The device delay is calculated based on the characteristics of the 10 nm driver circuit. Then the result is compared with a shrunk version of the circuit at the 7 nm dimension. Therefore, the impact of the BEOL on the circuit performance can be determined. The interconnect delay is plotted as a function of wire resistance, via resistance and capacitance. In order to better optimize the BEOL architecture, contour plots of resistance versus capacitance are presented in this paper. The result of this paper is indicating a strong dependency of circuit performance on the wiring length which is a new challenge. Optimization of BEOL architecture therefore requires a new approach which is outlined in this paper. As a result, we would like to bring this to the design community's attention.