cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantification on the efficiency gain of automated ridesharing services

Ridesharing services often require constant rebalancing vehicle supply in order to meet passenger demand across the transportation network. We compare the cost of rebalancing between two different methods for controlling the vehicle flows: (1) direct control, which models on-demand dispatchable vehicles such as autonomous vehicles and (2) indirect control based on price differences, which models human drivers as in the current ridesharing scheme. We propose a metric that quantifies the efficiency gain of automated ridesharing (i.e., direct control) based on the maximum difference between the rebalancing cost of two methods. The benefit of the proposed metric is that it is independent of the actual demand and only relies on properties of the transportation network. We present a set of numerical tools for computing the metric. For a general graph, the metric can be computed using an efficient local search method called the difference-of-convex algorithm (DCA). Numerical experiments on a practical graph (constructed from a pricing map for the Washington, DC area) show that the DCA often converges within a few iterations. For fully connected and symmetric graphs, the metric can be computed from an equivalent convex program. Moreover, the convex program adopts a simple closed-form optimal solution.
Clozapine-Induced Microseizures, Orofacial Dyskinesia, and Speech Dysfluency in an Adolescent with Treatment Resistant Early Onset Schizophrenia on Concurrent Lithium Therapy

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. It has a well-known side effect profile, including agranulocytosis, decreased seizure threshold, and tardive dyskinesia. In addition, numerous case reports have described clozapine-induced stuttering in adults. However, there has been only one previous case report describing it in the adolescent population. In addition, concurrent lithium therapy has been shown to enhance the neurotoxic effects of antipsychotics and lower the seizure threshold. Here, we report on the development of clozapine-induced microseizures, orofacial dyskinesia, and stuttering in a 17-year-old adolescent male with treatment of refractory early onset schizophrenia on clozapine and concurrent lithium therapy. The patient's symptoms of schizophrenia responded well to the clozapine regimen. However, with the escalating dose of clozapine, the patient developed speech dysfluency in the form of stuttering and perioral twitching. An electroencephalogram confirmed seizure activity. Due to similarities with tardive dyskinesia, symptoms of microseizures induced by atypical antipsychotics may not be accurately diagnosed. A multidisciplinary treatment of speech dysfluency is of particular importance in the adolescent schizophrenic patients, who are expected to have longer duration of lifetime exposure to antipsychotics and in whom peer group interaction is crucial for normal personal and social development.
Killed by Police: Validity of Media-Based Data and Misclassification of Death Certificates in Massachusetts, 2004–2016

Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media–based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004–2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data.Methods. We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media–based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted matched-pair analyses with the Massachusetts mortality data.Results. Compared with death certificates, there was near-perfect correlation for age in all sources (Pearson r > 0.99) and perfect concordance for gender. Agreement for race/ethnicity ranged from perfect (The Counted and The Washington Post) to high (Fatal Encounters Cohen’s κ = 0.92). Among the 78 decedents for whom finalized International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes were available, 59 (75.6%) were properly classified as “deaths due to legal intervention.”Conclusions. In Massachu...
Medication Exposure and Risk of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Community-Dwelling Older People and Nursing Home Residents.

Background/Objectives It is unclear how medication exposures differ in their association with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) in elderly nursing home (NH) residents and community‐dwelling individuals. This study examined these exposures to determine whether the risk of rCDI differs according to living environment. Design Retrospective. Setting Academic and community healthcare settings. Participants Individuals aged 65 and older with CDI (N = 616). Measurements Information on participant characteristics and medications was extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR). We used separate extended Cox models according to living environment to identify the association between medication use and risk of rCDI. Results Of the 616 elderly adults treated for CDI, 24.1% of those living in the community and 28.1% of NH residents experienced recurrence within 1 year. For community‐dwelling participants, the risk of rCDI was 1.6 times as high with antibiotic exposure and 2.5 times as high with acid‐reducing medication exposure, but corticosteroid exposure was associated with a 39% lower risk of recurrence. For NH residents, the risk of rCDI was 2.9 times as high with acid‐reducing medication exposure and 5.9 times as high with corticosteroid medication exposure. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of recurrence only in community‐dwelling participants (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.00–2.67). Conclusion Risk of rCDI is greater with acid‐reducing medication use than antibiotic use after initial CDI treatment, although the risk varied depending on living environment. Corticosteroid use is associated with greater risk of recurrence in NH residents but lower risk in community‐dwelling elderly adults.
Replication Fork Reversal: Players and Guardians

Replication fork reversal is a rapidly emerging and remarkably frequent mechanism of fork stabilization in response to genotoxic insults. Here, we summarize recent findings that uncover key molecular determinants for reversed fork formation and describe how the homologous recombination factors BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 protect these structures from extended nucleolytic degradation.
The Potential for Thermal Waste Energy Recovery in Industrial Kitchens

Industrial kitchens consume significant amounts of energy, largely in the form of heat production by cooking and cleaning equipment, which requires removal by the facility’s heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. One potential means to improve the energy efficiency of industrial kitchens lies in the use of waste energy recovery of hot wastewater from an industrial-scale dishwasher. Examination of an on-campus dining facility suggests that waste heat recovery can occur at the facility gas hot water heater (HWH) and the dishwasher electric hot water booster (HWB). This study suggests that waste heat recovery is more financially viable in existing construction at the electric HWB, despite yielding less recovered heat than the gas HWH. A payback period of approximately two years is calculated for the installation of a 146 kW shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The corresponding annual source pollution reduction is approximately 13 kg of SO2, 6.5 kg of NOx, and 6.5 metric tons of CO2. However, new construction projects in similar building configurations could also include HWH heat recovery, resulting in a similar payback period but with more substantial annual source pollution reduction values: 14 kg of SO2, 33 kg of NOx, and 38 metric tons of CO2.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Microbial biodegradation of biuret: defining biuret hydrolases within the isochorismatase superfamily

Biuret is a minor component of urea fertilizer and an intermediate in s-triazine herbicide biodegradation. The microbial metabolism of biuret has never been comprehensively studied. Here, we enriched and isolated bacteria from a potato field that grew on biuret as a sole nitrogen source. We sequenced the genome of the fastest-growing isolate, Herbaspirillum sp. BH-1 and identified genes encoding putative biuret hydrolases (BHs). We purified and characterized a functional BH enzyme from Herbaspirillum sp. BH-1 and two other bacteria from divergent phyla. The BH enzymes reacted exclusively with biuret in the range of 2-11 µmol min-1 mg-1 protein. We then constructed a global protein superfamily network to map structure-function relationships in the BH subfamily and used this to mine > 7000 genomes. High-confidence BH sequences were detected in Actinobacteria, Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria, and some fungi, archaea and green algae, but not animals or land plants. Unexpectedly, no cyanuric acid hydrolase homologs were detected in > 90% of genomes with BH homologs, suggesting BHs may have arisen independently of s-triazine ring metabolism. This work links genotype to phenotype by enabling accurate genome-mining to predict microbial utilization of biuret. Importantly, it advances understanding of the microbial capacity for biuret biodegradation in agricultural systems.
Quality of Care and Outcomes in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice

Abstract Pediatric neurosurgical conditions can dramatically affect development, functional status, and therefore quality of life—these changes can have life lasting consequences or benefits. There are very few disease-specific quality outcome scales, which have been validated in a prospective fashion, to assess children treated by pediatric neurosurgeons. We will review the current metrics that have been used in children with hydrocephalus, epilepsy, brain tumors, Chiari I malformation, or spina bifida. There is growing interest to develop and validate new quality-of-life metrics, which capture the perspective of both the parent and child.
Pragmatic and evidence-based approach to paediatric cerebrospinal fluid reference limits for white cell count and concentrations of total protein and glucose

Background It is often impractical for each laboratory to establish its own paediatric reference intervals. This is particularly true for specimen types collected using invasive procedures, for example, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Published CSF reference intervals for white cell count, and concentrations of total protein and glucose were reviewed by stakeholders in a paediatric hospital. Consensus reference intervals for the three CSF parameters were then subjected to verification using guidelines from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and residual CSF specimens. Results Consensus paediatric reference intervals adapted from published studies with minor modifications were locally verified as follows. White cell count (x10 6 cells/L): 0–20 ( 2 months). Total protein (g/L): 0.3–1.2 ( 3 months). Glucose (mmol/L): 2.0–5.6 (
The αBB Approach in Batch Design under Uncertainty

In this chapter, we address the batch design under uncertainty problems via the αBB global optimization framework. Section 18.1 reviews the previous research work in this area. Section 18.2 introduces the problem definition, presents the mathematical formulations, and highlights the need for global optimization. Section 18.3 presents the important theoretical properties that set the foundation for the global optimization framework, and introduces three different lower bounding formulations. Section 18.4 provides the algorithmic steps of the modified αBB global optimization approach. Section 18.5 introduces an illustrative example that identifies the characteristics of the three different lower bounding problems presented in section 18.3. Section 18.6 presents the formulation for mixed-product campaign and treats the unlimited intermediate storage (UIS) case. Section 18.7 presents computational studies for multiproduct batch plant design under uncertainty. Finally, section 18.8 provides a comparison with other types of underestimating problems. The material presented in this chapter is based on the work of Harding and Floudas (1997).
“Yay! You’re Almost There!”

I used to run ultramarathons, and it was common for spectators and volunteers to cheer on the runners with encouragement. I window the allegory of misplaced cheering (on a day when I was seen as being in last place in a race in which I was not competing) to revisit our vocational landscapes, and illustrate this revisiting with reference to my recent variously flawed viewing of a group of graduate student runners.
Policy Shaping with Supervisory Attention Driven Exploration

Robots deployed for long periods of time need to be able to explore and learn from their environment. One approach to this problem has been reinforcement learning (RL), in which robots receive rewards from the environment that allow them to choose optimal actions. To speed learning when human supervision is available, interactive reinforcement learning solicits feedback from a human teacher. However, this approach typically assumes that learning takes place under continuous supervision, which is unlikely to hold in long-term scenarios. We propose an extension to a method of interactive reinforcement learning, policy shaping, that takes into account human attention. Our approach enables better performance while unattended by favoring information-gathering actions when attended and actions that have received positive feedback when unattended. We test our approach in both simulation and on a robot, finding that our method learns faster than policy shaping and performs more safely than policy shaping while no one is paying attention to the robot.
Exploring the Complexity of Students' Scientific Explanations and Associated Nature of Science Views within a Place-Based Socioscientific Issue Context.

In addition to considering sociocultural, political, economic, and ethical factors (to name a few), effectively engaging socioscientific issues (SSI) requires that students understand and apply scientific explanations and the nature of science (NOS). Promoting such understandings can be achieved through immersing students in authentic real-world contexts where the SSI impacts occur and teaching those students about how scientists comprehend, research, and debate those SSI. This triangulated mixed-methods investigation explored how 60 secondary students’ trophic cascade explanations changed through their experiencing place-based SSI instruction focused on the Yellowstone wolf reintroduction, including scientists’ work and debates regarding that issue. Furthermore, this investigation determined the association between the students’ post place-based SSI instruction trophic cascade explanations and NOS views. Findings from this investigation demonstrate that through the place-based SSI instruction students’ trophic cascade explanations became significantly more accurate and complex and included more ecological causal mechanisms. Also, significant and moderate to moderately large correlations were found between the accuracy and contextualization of students’ post place-based SSI instruction NOS views and the complexity of their trophic cascade explanations. Empirical substantiation of the association between the complexity of students’ scientific explanations and their NOS views responds to an understudied area in the science education research. It also encourages the consideration of several implications, drawn from this investigation’s findings and others’ prior work, which include the need for NOS to be forefront alongside and in connection with science content in curricular standards and through instruction focused on relevant and authentic place-based SSI.
Performance, corporate governance and new regulation

Abstract. After the adoption of the Corporate Governance Code (Code) in Mexico, many companies increased financial performance and the leveraged during the following five years; we investigated the effect of how those firms improved the corporate governance practices and how was translated into better risk return company. We analyzed how and where better corporate governance practices affects performance and what was the relationship with Transparency, New Regulation and Governance Practices. Also we explored the gaps between transparency and information disclosure of Mexican Firms listed in U.S stock exchange and non U.S listed firms our findings were related to the potential growth of the Mexico Financial Market, Law and Finance. Keywords: corporate governance, financial performance, regulation Resumen. Despues de la adopcion del Codigo de Gobierno Corporativo en Mexico, algunas companias incrementaron el desempeno financiero y el uso de deuda durante los siguientes cinco anos, nuestra investigacion se enfoca en como dichas companias mejoraron sus practicas de gobierno corporativo y como estas practicas se han traducido en un mejor relacion de riesgo y rendimiento. En esta investigacion exploramos como y en donde mejores practicas de gobierno corporativo afectan el desempeno y que relacion tiene con la Transparencia, Nuevas Regulaciones y practicas de Gobierno Corporativo. Con lo anterior tambien identificamos aquellas companias que cotizan fuera de Mexico para identificar potenciales diferencias en dichas practicas. Palabras clave: desempeno financiero, gobierno corporativo, regulacion
Paleodepositional Setting of Rhodoliths from the Upper Pennsylvanian (Virgil) Salem School Limestone of Northcentral Texas

During Late Pennsylvanian time (Upper Carboniferous-Stephanian), much of the midcontinent United States comprised a slowly subsiding open marine carbonate shelf in which limestone deposition was prominent, although shales and sandstones were also deposited. This region is further exemplified during this time interval by the excellent development of sedimentary cyclic deposition (Moore 1950). Recently, Toomey (1983a) presented the results of a detailed field and laboratory study of the “middle limestone member” of the Oread Limestone (Shawnee Group): the Leavenworth Limestone. This thin (less than 3 feet thick) limestone has long been regarded as a classic example of lateral homogeneity along outcrop for a distance of more than 300 miles. The persistent homogeneity is in part the result of deposition occurring essentially parallel to a Late Carboniferous epicontinental sea. Leavenworth microfacies distribution reflect this overall rock homogeneity in that most of the outcrop belt can be designated as a mud-supported skeletal wackestone. It is only at those localities, present in northern Oklahoma, where the Leavenworth enters and merges into sediments laid down within a clastic trough, that a facies change occurs. Here, the Leavenworth, as identified by detailed tracing of beds, by rock character, faunal associations, and stratigraphic position, changes microfacies to an oncolithic wackestone. This particular microfacies is characterized by the abundance of relatively large algally coated-grains composed of laminar thalli of the red alga Archaeolithophyllum lamellosum Wray. In northern Oklahoma, the Leavenworth Limestone, and all other thin Upper Carboniferous limestones, lens-out and merge into a clastic wedge of sediments derived from a paleo-highland source to the south (see Fig. 1). This source area, herein termed the Oklahoma Mountains, had initially been recognized by Powers (1928).
Lymphocysts: surgical correction and prevention.

1 N R E C E N T Y E A R S the V&e Of pehk lymphadenectomy in patients with Stage I carcinoma of the cervix has been both championed and discounted. The procedure is technically neither difficult nor is the immediate morbidity and mortality in trained hands appreciable. However, there have been reports of a distressing incidence of Iymphocyst formation (Fig. 1) . This complication becomes apparent in the weeks following the original operation.1-5 The development of lymphocysts following pelvic lymphadenectomy was first reported, in 1950, by Kobayashi and Inoue6 in the Japanese literature. In 1955, Mori’ reviewed the etiologic aspects and gave this entity its name. Rutledge, Dodd, and Kasilag,s in 1957, were the first Americans to report on this problem. Other authors9 have since discussed the various possible etiologies and suggested numerous methods of management. It is our purpose to present two simple operative techniques. One, we believe, has decreased significantly the incidence of lymphocyst formation, and the second has made it possible to manage this problem when it does occur. At the City of Hope Medical Center, pa-
Optimal Standards of Proof in Antitrust

Economic analyses of antitrust institutions have thus far focused predominantly on optimal penalties and the design of substantive legal rules, and have largely ignored the standard of proof used in trials as a policy tool in shaping behavior. This neglected tool can play a unique role in the antitrust context, where a given firm may have the choice to engage in exceptional anticompetitive or procompetitive behavior, or simply follow more conventional business practices. The standard of proof used in determining the legality of a firm's conduct affects not only whether the firm chooses to engage in pro- versus anticompetitive behavior, but also whether it chooses to remain passive. We introduce a model to investigate the effects of this additional tradeoff on the optimal standard of proof. The nature of these effects depends upon the relationship between the beneficial impact of procompetitive behavior versus the harmful impacts of anticompetitive behavior, since this relationship is what determines the costs associated with Type I and Type II error. Adopting Judge Easterbrook's presumption that preventing procompetitive behavior is more harmful than allowing anticompetitive behavior, we show that the standard of proof facing plaintiffs in antitrust cases ought to be stronger than preponderance of the evidence.
Persistent, long-term risk for ureteroenteric anastomotic stricture formation: the case for long term follow-up.

Background: Up to one in ten patients undergoing cystectomy with urinary diversion develop a ureteroenteric stricture (UES). Despite unrecognized ureteral obstruction contributing to infection, nephrolithiasis, and/or progression of kidney disease, the long-term natural history and risk factors associated with UES remains understudied. Herein, we report our single institutional experience with the long-term incidence, clinical presentation, and risk factors associated with UES formation following urinary diversion. Methods: We reviewed 2,285 patients who underwent RC with urinary diversion between 1980–2008. UES was defined as radiographic evidence of ureteral obstruction at the level of the ureteroenteric anastomosis. The diagnosis of benign UES was confirmed by pathology. UES-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association between clinicopathologic features and the development of a UES were assessed using multivariable models. Results: A total of 192 (8%) patients developed a benign UES, at a median of 7 months (IQR 4–24) following RC, with 5% occurring after 10 years. Seventy seven percent of patients exhibited signs and/or symptoms of ureteral obstruction. Patients who developed a UES had a greater body mass index (BMI) (28 vs. 27), operative time (330 vs. 301 minutes) and were more likely to experience a Conclusions: UES was identified in 8% of patients following RC with urinary diversion, with the majority presenting with symptoms. While the majority of these occur in the first 2 years after surgery, a patients’ risk for the development of this complication persists beyond 10 years. Due to the adverse sequelae of UES, long-term functional and imaging surveillance following urinary diversion is warranted, and early reconstruction should be considered.
50-year-old Male With Chest Pain.

A 50-year-old male presented to the emergency department with four days of intermittent chest pain and shortness of breath, which progressively worsened in severity. Testing revealed a troponin I greater than 100 times the upper limit of normal and an electrocardiogram with non-specific findings. This case takes the reader through the differential diagnosis and systematic work-up of the deadly causes of chest pain, ultimately leading to this patient’s diagnosis.
Design and impact of the national workshop for early career geoscience faculty

The National Association of Geoscience Teachers’ Workshop for Early Career Geoscience Faculty: Teaching, Research, and Managing One’s Career has been offered annually since 1999. The five-day works...
Subleading corrections to the free energy in a theory with N5/3 scaling

We numerically investigate the sphere partition function of a Chern-Simons-matter theory with SU(N) gauge group at level k coupled to three adjoint chiral multiplets that is dual to massive IIA theory. Beyond the leading order N5/3 behavior of the free energy, we find numerical evidence for a term of the form (2/9) log N. We conjecture that this term may be universal in theories with N5/3 scaling in the large-N limit with the Chern-Simons level k held fixed.
Comorbid Learning Difficulties in Reading and Mathematics: The Role of Intelligence and In-Class Attentive Behavior

The goal was to identify the domain-general cognitive abilities and academic attitudes that are common and unique to reading and mathematics learning difficulties that in turn will have implications for intervention development. Across seventh and eighth grade, 315 (155 boys) adolescents (M age = 12.75 years) were administered intelligence, verbal short-term and working memory, and visuospatial memory, attention, and ability measures, along with measures of English and mathematics attitudes and mathematics anxiety. Teachers reported on students' in-class attentive behavior. A combination of Bayesian and multi-level models revealed that intelligence and in-class attentive behavior were common predictors of reading accuracy, reading fluency, and mathematics achievement. Verbal short-term memory was more critical for reading accuracy and fluency, whereas spatial ability and mathematics self-efficacy were more critical for mathematics achievement. The combination of intelligence and in-class attentive behavior discriminated typically achieving students from students with comorbid (D = 2.44) or mathematics (D = 1.59) learning difficulties, whereas intelligence, visuospatial attention, and verbal short-term memory discriminated typically achieving students from students with reading disability (D = 1.08). The combination of in-class attentive behavior, verbal short-term memory, and mathematics self-efficacy discriminated students with mathematics difficulties from their peers with reading difficulties (D = 1.16). Given the consistent importance of in-class attentive behavior, we conducted post hoc follow-up analyses. The results suggested that students with poor in-class attentive behavior were disengaging from academic learning which in turn contributed to their risk of learning difficulties.
Implementing electronic health record-based National Diabetes Prevention Program referrals in a rural county.

Background Since 2016, public health professionals in a rural, Midwest county have collaborated with competing health care organizations to establish electronic health record (EHR)-based systems for identifying patients with prediabetes and referring them to National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) classes. The purpose of this program evaluation was to identify barriers and best practices learned from implementation in two rural health care organizations. Methods A purposively selected program coordinator from each organization and a primary care provider and information technology administrator from one of the organizations provided perspectives on initiating the referral process. Data were collected using open-ended questions in electronic survey format. Content analysis was used to identify themes. Results Two barrier themes were identified: Timely, clear communication is challenging; and More education is needed for both patients and providers. Best practice themes included Start small with one provider champion; Create a referral process that doesn't exceed resources; and Providers should be actively involved in referral discussions and decisions. Conclusion Retrospective queries are a feasible way to initially establish EHR-based referral programs in rural areas. PHNs can facilitate this system change among competing health care organizations by leading partnerships, identifying common goals and timelines, and providing space for sharing challenges and best practices.
GABA B Receptors and Drug Addiction: Psychostimulants and Other Drugs of Abuse

Metabotropic GABAB receptors (GABABRs) mediate slow inhibition and modulate synaptic plasticity throughout the brain. Dysfunction of GABABRs has been associated with psychiatric illnesses and addiction. Drugs of abuse alter GABAB receptor (GABABR) signaling in multiple brain regions, which partly contributes to the development of drug addiction. Recently, GABABR ligands and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been shown to attenuate the initial rewarding effect of addictive substances, inhibit seeking and taking of these drugs, and in some cases, ameliorate drug withdrawal symptoms. The majority of the anti-addiction effects seen with GABABR modulation can be localized to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons, which receive complex inhibitory and excitatory inputs that are modified by drugs of abuse. Preclinical research suggests that GABABR PAMs are emerging as promising candidates for the treatment of drug addiction. Clinical studies on drug dependence have shown positive results with GABABR ligands but more are needed, and compounds with better pharmacokinetics and fewer side effects are critically needed.
The "Bovine Perfect Sleeper" or use of shredded rubber filled polyester mattresses to prevent injury to dairy cattle housed in tie stalls

To reduce foot/leg injury and to improve cow comfort of 84 dairy cattle housed in tie stalls for 20 h/day, woven fibre mattresses, constructed with shredded (1 inch diameter) tyre rubber (nonsteel-belted) and a heavyweight industrial fabric, were placed in each tie stall. Approximately 300 lb of shredded tyre rubber was used per mattress at a cost of $0.05/lb, or $15.00/mattress. Three different fabric materials were examined. Type 1 fabric was a 9 oz (per square yard) polypropylene bag with rolled lap seams. Fabric type 2 was a 14.4 oz woven seamless polypropylene, while type 3 was a 20 oz woven seamless polyester/nylon. Type 1 mattress materials cost $33.50/stall, required less time and lumber to construct, but developed holes in the fabric within 1-4 months. Type 2 mattresses cost $34.20/stall, required more time and lumber, but lasted 3-6 months. Type 3 mattresses cost $29.50/stall, required the same time and lumber as type 2, and lasted 4-10 months. All 3 mattresses greatly decreased the incidence of leg and udder injuries. Mattress surfaces could be easily cleaned, but required a wood shaving cover to reduce friction on body-contact areas and to absorb moisture. The amount of bedding used was greatly reduced.
Effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats: 82 cases (2012-2019).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats in an emergency room setting. Secondary objectives were to investigate changes in heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT) in response to fluid resuscitation, and the association of these changes with patient survival. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Eighty-two cats with confirmed hypotension. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Medical records from 2012 to 2019 were searched for cats that had documented systemic arterial hypotension (blood pressure measured using a Doppler ultrasonic flow probe [DBP] < 90 mm Hg) on presentation to the emergency room. Data collected included patient characteristics and DBP, HR, and BT before and after fluid resuscitation, type and volume of fluids administered, and outcome. The median DBP before and after resuscitative fluid therapy in all cats was 65 mm Hg (range, 20-85 mm Hg) and 80 mm Hg (range, 20-128 mm Hg), respectively (P < 0.001). However, only 30 cats (37%) were classified as responders to fluid resuscitation (DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg following bolus therapy). The mean HR and median BT before resuscitative fluid therapy was 159/min and 36.7°C. Following fluid resuscitation, where measured, the mean HR and median BT was 154/min (P = 1.00) and 35.9°C (P = 1.00). No significant differences in HR and BT were identified between responders and non-responders. Cats had a low survival rate of 7%. All survivors (n = 5) were initially bradycardic (HR < 160/min), compared to only 45% of non-survivors (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Bolus fluid resuscitation effectively increases blood pressure in hypotensive cats; however, it does not result in normalization of blood pressure, HR, or BT in the majority of cases.
Genomic Analyses of the Metastasis-derived LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3-AR Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract The lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP, the bone metastasis-derived PC3 (skull), and VCaP (vertebral) cell lines are widely used preclinical models of human prostate cancer (CaP) and have been described in >19,000 publications. Here, we report on short-read whole-genome sequencing and genomic analyses of LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3 cells stably transduced with WT AR (PC3-AR). LNCaP cells are composed of multiple subpopulations, which results in non-integral copy number states and a high mutational load when the data is analyzed in bulk. All three cell lines contain pathogenic mutations and homozygous deletions in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, along with deleterious mutations in cellcycle, Wnt signaling, and other cellular processes. Furthermore, LNCaP cells contain a missense mutation in a well-known CaP hotspot of TP53, whereas both PC3-AR and VCaP have truncating mutations in TP53 and do not express p53 protein. In addition, we detect the signatures of chromothripsis of the q arms of chromosome 5 in both PC3-AR and VCaP cells, strengthening the association of TP53 inactivation with chromothripsis reported in other systems. Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing these commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
Quantitative proteomic analysis after neuroprotective MyD88 inhibition in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse.

Progressive photoreceptor death occurs in blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a central adaptor protein for innate immune system Toll-like receptors (TLR) and induces cytokine secretion during retinal disease. We recently demonstrated that inhibiting MyD88 in mouse models of retinal degeneration led to increased photoreceptor survival, which was associated with altered cytokines and increased neuroprotective microglia. However, the identity of additional molecular changes associated with MyD88 inhibitor-induced neuroprotection is not known. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling followed by LC-MS/MS for quantitative proteomic analysis on the rd10 mouse model of retinal degeneration to identify protein pathways changed by MyD88 inhibition. Quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ LC-MS/MS is a high-throughput method ideal for providing insight into molecular pathways during disease and experimental treatments. Forty-two proteins were differentially expressed in retinas from mice treated with MyD88 inhibitor compared with control. Notably, increased expression of multiple crystallins and chaperones that respond to cellular stress and have anti-apoptotic properties was identified in the MyD88-inhibited mice. These data suggest that inhibiting MyD88 enhances chaperone-mediated retinal protection pathways. Therefore, this study provides insight into molecular events contributing to photoreceptor protection from modulating inflammation.
Evaluating connected vehicle-based weather responsive management strategies using weather-sensitive microscopic simulation

The purpose of this study is to perform analysis, modeling, and simulation (AMS) to investigate the effectiveness of connected vehicle (CV)-based Weather Responsive Management Strategies (WRMS) to ...
Memories of Charles Townes

Charles Townes, the Nobel laureate acclaimed for his pioneering work on lasers and nonlinear optics, sadly passed away in January this year. Here I offer personal reflections of working with him as one of his graduate students.
Radiative Enhancement of Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas

Efficient light manipulation at subwavelength scale is of great interest for solar energy conversion, optical sensing, and nanophotonic devices. Recently, plasmonic nanopatch antennas (PNAs), which consist of plasmonic nanoparticles and metal films with thin layers of dielectric spacers sandwiched between them, have shown promise for directing and enhancing radiation from the dipole emitters at the PNAs. Herein, we apply finite-difference time-domain simulations to comparatively study the radiative enhancement of a series of PNAs consisting of Ag nanoparticles with different geometries, i.e., nanosquare, nanotriangle, nanorod, and nanodisk. We find that the shape of the Ag nanoparticles influences the resonant wavelength of the plasmonic waveguide modes in the spacers, the enhancement of localized electric field, and multiple aspects of the radiation, including spontaneous emission rate, quantum efficiency, and radiative enhancement factor. Nanodisk-based PNAs exhibit both high quantum efficiency (~0.74) and radiative enhancement factor (>20), while nanotriangle-based PNAs show remarkable spontaneous emission rate enhancement (>2500). Furthermore, we examine the effects of dipole emitter locations on the radiative properties. Our results pave the way towards the rational design of PNAs for the optimal plasmonic enhancement of light emission for targeted applications.
Renaissance humanism: Foundations, forms, and legacy; volume 1: Humanism in Italy; Volume 2: Humanism beyond Italy; Volume 3: Humanism and the disciplines

(1990). Renaissance humanism: Foundations, forms, and legacy; volume 1: Humanism in Italy; Volume 2: Humanism beyond Italy; Volume 3: Humanism and the disciplines. History of European Ideas: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 557-557.
Azotobacter vinelandii Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase IX. ALTERNATING COPOLYMER OF INOSINIC AND CYTIDYLIC RESIDUES-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS OF ALTERNATING COPOLYMER OF GUANYLIC AND CYTIDYLIC RESIDUES

Abstract r(G-C)n is the alternating copolymer of guanylic and cytidylic residues synthesized in an RNA polymerase-catalyzed reaction in which r(I-C)n or d(I-C)n copolymer serves as template. When r(I-C)n copolymer serves as template, synthesis of r(G-C)n occurs at a rate approximately 20% that found for r(I-C)n-directed r(I-C)n synthesis. Net synthesis of r(G-C)n can be obtained in an r(I-C)n-directed reaction, but separation of r(I-C)n template and r(G-C)n product is difficult and results in poor yields of purified r(G-C)n. r(G-C)n is incapable of serving as template for r(I-C)n or r(G-C)n synthesis; in fact, r(G-C)n inhibits unprimed r(I-C)n synthesis. Any synthesis of r(I-C)n found in a reaction mixture in which r(G-C)n is being tested for template activity can be attributed to the presence of small amounts of r(I-C)n contaminating the r(G-C)n preparation. r(I-C)n-directed r(G-C)n synthesis is supported by Mn++ or Mg++, and the rate of synthesis drops sharply with temperature.
The Application of the Finite Element Method to the Multigroup Neutron Diffusion Equation

The finite element method is applied to the multigroup neutron diffusion equations. The one-group inhomogeneous diffusion equation is first discretized using both triangular and rectangular element...
Market-Driven Corporate Finance

Much of empirical corporate finance focuses on sources of the demand for various forms of capital, not the supply. Recently, this has changed. Supply effects of equity and credit markets can arise from a combination of three ingredients: investor tastes, limited intermediation, and corporate opportunism. Investor tastes when combined with imperfectly competitive intermediaries lead prices and interest rates to deviate from fundamental values. Opportunistic firms respond by issuing securities with high prices and investing the proceeds. Correlations between capital market prices and corporate finance can in principle come from either supply or demand. This framework helps to organize empirical approaches that more precisely identify and quantify supply effects through variation in one of these three ingredients. Taken as a whole, the evidence shows that shifting equity and credit market conditions play an important role in dictating corporate finance and investment.
AutoPKI: a PKI resources discovery system

The central goal of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is to enable trust judgments between distributed users. Although certificates play a central role in making such judgments, a PKI's users need more than just knowledge of certificates. Minimally, a relying party must able to locate critical parameters such the certificate repositories and certificate validation servers relevant to the trust path under consideration. Users in other scenarios may require other resources and services. Surprisingly, locating these resources and services remains a largely unsolved problem in real-world X.509 PKI deployment. In this paper, we present the design and prototype of a new and flexible solution for automatic discovery of the services and data repositories are available from a Certificate Service Provider (CSP). This contribution will take real-world PKI one step closer to achieving its goal.
Neuropeptide Induction of Cyclic GMP Increases in the Insect CNS: Resolution at the Level of Single Identifiable Neurons

In insects, the neuropeptide eclosion hormone (EH) acts on the CNS to evoke the stereotyped behaviors that cause ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle at the end of each molt. Concomitantly, EH induces an increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP). Using antibodies against this second messenger, we show that this increase is confined to a network of 50 peptidergic neurons distributed throughout the CNS. Increases appeared 30 min after EH treatment, spread rapidly throughout these neurons, and were extremely long lived. We show that this response is synaptically driven, and does not involve the soluble, nitric oxide (NO)-activated, guanylate cyclase. Stereotyped variations in the duration of the cGMP response among neurons suggest a role in coordinating responses having different latencies and durations.
Thiouracil treatment of thyrotoxicosis; toxic reactions.

THE pronounced effectiveness of thiouracil1 in the control of thyrotoxicosis has been well established, but the types and frequency of toxic reactions to this drug have had relatively little discussion, because of the relatively small number of cases reported upon. In this study an analysis is made of 247 patients whom we have treated with thiouracil, as well as about 800 cases reported by others. It is hoped that by a better understanding of the toxic reactions this drug can be used more efficiently and safely. It is not possible to obtain from the reports in the literature the exact incidence of the various toxic reactions that have occurred. In some instances only the patients with toxic reactions are reported and in some the studies were terminated or pursued further depending upon whether the specific investigators had or had not encountered certain toxic reactions. The statistics dealing with the incidence of reactions given in this paper are based only on the reports that seem to present all of the...
Genomic Libraries and a Host Strain Designed for Highly Efficient Two-Hybrid Selection in Yeast

The two-hybrid system is a powerful technique for detecting protein-protein interactions that utilizes the well-developed molecular genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the full potential of this technique has not been realized due to limitations imposed by the components available for use in the system. These limitations include unwieldy plasmid vectors, incomplete or poorly designed two-hybrid libraries, and host strains that result in the selection of large numbers of false positives. We have used a novel multienzyme approach to generate a set of highly representative genomic libraries from S. cerevisiae. In addition, a unique host strain was created that contains three easily assayed reporter genes, each under the control of a different inducible promoter. This host strain is extremely sensitive to weak interactions and eliminates nearly all false positives using simple plate assays. Improved vectors were also constructed that simplify the construction of the gene fusions necessary for the two-hybrid system. Our analysis indicates that the libraries and host strain provide significant improvements in both the number of interacting clones identified and the efficiency of two-hybrid selections.
Cryptography by example: tutorial presentation

The earliest encryption algorithms were based on two basic techniques: substitution and transposition. This tutorial will demonstrate the use of these two techniques in several classical encryption algorithms. These algorithms will include Caesar Cipher, Playfair Cipher, Vigenere Cipher, Simple Binary Cipher, Rail Fence Technique, and other more complex transposition methods. This tutorial session will begin with a discussion of basic terminology associated with cryptography. The remainder of the session will consist of sections for each algorithm. Each section will include a detailed description of the algorithm, demonstration by example, and then an opportunity for participants to work in small groups for hands on experience with the algorithm.
18C. Chinese Herbs Cured a Kidney Calculus—A Retrospective Case Report

Focus Areas: Integrative Approaches to Care Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is referred to as holistic or complementary and alternative medicine. Herbal remedy plays the main role of TCM. It has been widely used in preventive measures and treatment modalities for all stages of illness. Here is a retrospective case report about herb healing the kidney stone and improving type II diabetes and hypertension.
Internal Alfvén eigenmode observations on DIII-D

Recent upgrades to many of the diagnostic systems on DIII-D (Luxon J.L. 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 614) such as the CO2 interferometer, far-infrared scattering, beam-emission spectroscopy (BES), and quadrature reflectometer have significantly extended their capabilities and made possible the experimental study of Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) through observation of the AE induced density perturbation. Measurements have revealed the presence of several different classes of AEs in DIII-D discharges including the toroidal Alfven eigenmode (TAE), reverse shear AE (RSAE or Alfven cascade) and ellipticity induced Alfven eigenmode. Based on a simple model for the RSAE frequency, a sensitive diagnostic for the evolution of the minimum magnetic safety factor (qmin) is presented and results are compared with motional Stark effect (MSE) measurements. Strong localization of high toroidal mode number RSAEs to regions near the minimum of the magnetic safety factor is exhibited on the CO2 interferometer and BES measurements. Based on this observation, a method for providing constraints on the radial location of qmin is demonstrated and a favourable comparison to MSE measurements is made. Detailed measurements of TAEs using a new all-digital large bandwidth two-colour CO2 interferometer system show a strong asymmetry between vertical and radial viewing interferometer chords confirming previously reported results. Additionally, effects related to line-integrated observations are clearly illustrated by comparison to local BES measurements and potential issues related to this are discussed.