cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal and external morphology of the deutonymph of Caloglyphus boharti (Arachnida: Acari).

A band of flexible cuticle encircles the deutonymph, separating the dorsal and ventral plates. The coxae are large, flat and fused with one another to form most of the ventor. Individual coxal margins are redefined as sternites, epimerites or simply apodemes according to which margins fuse with which others. A given area of cuticle may have patches of dark or light cuticle not corresponding to particular structures or cuticular contours; this is a source of confusion to taxonomists. Each leg has a dicondylic coxal-trochantal (adduction-abduction) and trochantal-femoral (promotion-remotion) joint with opposing muscles. The three more distal monocondylic joints (flexion-extension) have only flexor muscles; extension is by increased haemolymph pressure. The five apodemes of the sucker plate provide rigidity; the four suckers attach by a flexible cuticular ring to a solid flange or socket in the sucker plate. The sucker muscles attach to the center of each sucker. The flat, external face of the sucker plate apodemes may complement sucker action by adhesion. Coxal discs and sucker plate discs are identical, contain birefringent cuticular elements, and are considered modified setae. Functional mouthparts and a pharynx are lacking, but a cheliceral anlage is present. The esophagus, midgut and caecae, and malpighian tubules are lumenless and the cells small. The hindgut has a lumen, larger cells and opens externally via the anus. Whereas the digestive tract is regressed, the reproductive system is yet incompletely developed. In older deutonymphs anlagen of ducts, accessory glands and gonads are discernible. The nature of the haemocoel and peritoneum remains nuclear. The central nerve mass is conspicuously large for the size of the deutonymph. The supraesophageal ganglion gives rise to the cheliceral nerves; all other nerves arise from the subesophageal ganglion. Most major nerves were traced to the effector organs. The muscles are divided into leg, dorso-ventral (derived from coxal muscles), dorsal, sucker, and anogenital muscles. The trochantal adductor muscles originate on an endosternite, which is supported by muscles running to the dorsal hysterosoma. The dorso-ventral and propodosomal retractor muscles affect haemolymph pressure. The massive sucker retractor muscles are unique to this instar. Anogenital muscles are not well developed.
Phase Transitions in the Anisotropic Ferrimagnetic Ytterbium Iron Garnet

The thermal and magnetic properties of YbIG in field-induced canted configurations are discussed with emphasis on phase-transition singularities. By using the (for this case, well-justified) mean-field formalism of Wolf and the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{G}}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{g}}$ tensors of Wickersheim, we calculate properties for applied fields of 0 to 300 kOe and for temperatures from 0 to 30 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Complete entropy and magnetic-moment predictions are presented for the field along the [111] and [100] directions. Selected results for specific heat and susceptibility are given for [111], [100], and [314] directions. We also discuss torque curves and variation of level splittings with applied field. Although it is clear that the Wickersheim parameters do not provide an over-all "best fit," the agreement for such data as are available is qualitatively good. Unfortunately, there are few data suitable for comparison with the phase-transition predictions. Four kinds of phase transitions are predicted: (I) ordinary first order, (II) liquid-vapor-like second order, (III) symmetry-affected first order, and (IV) symmetry-affected second order. Of particular interest are the following divergence and near divergence of the specific heat $C$ for examples of the second and third types, respectively: (II) ($T$ near ${T}_{c}=7.51$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, $H=43.640$ kOe along [100]) $C\ensuremath{\sim}{0.36(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}2}{3}} \frac{R}{\mathrm{mole}}$; (III) ($Tl{T}_{t}=16.18$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, $H=110$ kOe along [111]) $C\ensuremath{\sim}6.0 \frac{(1+{\frac{3}{{[1\ensuremath{-}60(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{t})]}^{\frac{1}{2}}}})R}{\mathrm{mole}}$. A phenomenological theory applicable to all RIG's and perhaps other ferrimagnets describes very well the singularities in thermal-magnetic properties at the phase transitions and also the positions of phase boundaries.
Quantification of PVA hydrogel dissolution in water and bovine serum

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel is a candidate biomaterial for orthopaedic applications such as cartilage resurfacing due to its viscoelastic nature, high water content, and biocompatibility. PVA is not assumed to be biodegradable; however, depending on the level of physical and/or chemical crosslinking it may illicit dissolution either during storage in water or during in vivo use when articulating against cartilage. In addition, gravimetric quantification of wear during pre-clinical wear testing of a PVA-based implant is challenging due to unpredictable changes in water content. Our aim was to develop a method to detect dissolved PVA in water and bovine serum; bovine serum is the lubricant of choice for pre-clinical wear testing of orthopaedic implants. We used iodine complexation to determine PVA concentration in solution using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. We further refined this method to determine the effects of PVA molecular weight and the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that may be used in the fabrication of the gel. In addition, we developed a method for determining the amount of PVA dissolved in bovine serum to quantify the extent of PVA dissolution during pre-clinical wear studies. We were able to detect PVA in solution with concentrations as low as 10−5 g/mL and created calibration curves for different solvents, i.e. water and bovine serum. Based on the calibrations, we quantified the dissolution behavior of PVA in water at 40 °C during a six month period and found that the dissolution from an untreated PVA hydrogel is 3 × 104 ppm, and could be lowered to 1 × 103 ppm by dehydration and/or annealing of the PVA hydrogel.
Infinite-dilution activity coefficients of water in TEG, PEG, glycerol and their mixtures in the temperature range 50 to 140 °C

Abstract Infinite-dilution activity coefficients of water, γ ∞ H 2 O , in triethylene glycol (TEG) polyethylene glycol (PEG) of various molecular weights, glycerol and their mixtures are measured using the gas—liquid partition chromatography method. The data are used to provide a preliminary comparison of the relative merit of these solvents as dehydrating agents at elevated temperatures. The mixed solvents are less volatile than the lower boiling pure solvents and therefore will suffer less loss in the solvent regeneration process. The highest molecular weight PEG was found to have the largest drying capacity on a molar basis, but the lowest capacity on a mass basis. The converse is true for glycerol, the lowest molecular weight dehydrating agent studied. It was found that over the temperature range covered, ln γ ∞ H 2 O is linear in 1/ T . γ ∞ H 2 O for TEG is least sensitive to temperature while γ ∞ H 2 O for the highest molecular weight PEG is the most sensitive. For mixed dehydrating agents, the results are very well correlated by a weight fraction weighted average of the data for the constituent pure solvents with a single small temperature independent empirical constant.
‘Why do you want to be a donor?’: gender and the production of altruism in egg and sperm donation

Abstract In the United States, women and men are paid thousands of dollars to ‘donate’ eggs and sperm through commercial agencies. Previous research on egg and sperm donation generally focuses on either the individual donor's motivations or the structural context of commercial agencies, and is often limited to studying either women or men, precluding a direct, gendered comparison of the production of altruistic rhetoric in assisted reproduction. Drawing on qualitative interviews and observation of staff at two egg donation agencies and one sperm bank in California, I demonstrate how staff advise donors about providing gender-appropriate responses on donor profiles, which results in measurable differences in the percentage of women and men who report altruistic and financial motivations (n = 638 profiles). This study contributes to economic sociology and the sociology of gender by demonstrating the extent to which reported motivations on donor profiles are produced through staff/donor interaction in the ge...
Factorization for power corrections to B→Xsγ and B→Xuℓν¯

Abstract We derive factorization theorems for Λ QCD / m b power corrections to inclusive B-decays in the endpoint region, where m X 2 ∼ m b Λ QCD . In B → X u l ν ¯ our results are for the full triply differential rate. A complete enumeration of Λ QCD / m b corrections is given. We point out the presence of new Λ QCD / m b -suppressed shape functions, which arise at tree level with a 4π-enhanced coefficient, and show that these previously neglected terms induce an additional significant uncertainty for current inclusive methods of measuring | V u b | that depend on the endpoint region of phase space.
Agricultural Marketing Research for Less-Developed Areas

Marketing problems are viewed in relation to developmental objectives and conditions found in less-developed countries. Underdeveloped infrastructures, intersectorial relations, and developmental objectives may make transferability of developed country concepts and formulations to LDC's questionable. Market performance criteria should be logically related to strategic developmental variables.
Urea excretion in the potassium-deficient rat

SummaryPotassium-depleted rats excrete a consistently greater fraction of filtered urea than control animals at virtually all urine osmolalities and relative and absolute rates of water excretion. Furthermore, despite the reduction in Urine : Plasma inulin ratios to values below 2, no animals excreted urine that was hypotonic to plasma. The data suggest that in potassium depletion there is either a diminished permeability of the collecting tubule to water and/or urea, or inhibition of a transfer system whereby urea is re-absorbed from the collecting tubule against a concentration gradient.
Applicability of landscape and island biogeography theory to restoration of riparian understorey plants

Summary 1. Ecosystem recovery is influenced by processes at different spatial scales, yet land managers lack specific predictions on the relative importance of such processes that might guide management decisions. We tested whether ideas from landscape ecology (local vs. landscape scales) and island biogeography theory (patch size and isolation) predict restoration success for understorey plant communities in a highly fragmented riparian landscape, in an effort to provide guidance on how to allocate scarce restoration resources. 2. We sampled naturally colonizing riparian forest understorey plant communities in 15 riparian forests restored by planting native woody species along a 150-km stretch of the Sacramento River in central California. We analysed native and exotic understorey species richness and cover as a function of biotic and abiotic local and landscape variables. 3. Cover and species richness of exotic understorey plants decreased strongly with increasing overstorey cover, and were lower in quadrats closer to river base flow. 4. Native understorey species richness and cover were negatively related to exotic cover and positively related to connectivity with remnant forest. Cover of native wind-dispersed species was best explained by higher percentage forest cover surrounding a site within a 1000-m buffer, whereas cover of native water-dispersed species was higher closer to the river. 5. Neither patch size nor time since restoration explained a significant amount of native or exotic species richness or cover. 6. Synthesis and applications. Local factors explained more of the variance in understorey plant communities, but much of the variance remained unexplained. Our results provide weak support for the predictions of island biogeography theory and the importance of landscape-scale variables. These theories did not have strong predictive power in this applied restoration context at this temporal scale. Given limited resources, efforts to restore understorey plant communities in this highly fragmented system should focus on local-scale restoration methodologies, such as increasing cover of native overstorey species and reducing cover of exotic plants.
Perceived Importance of Information: The Effects of Mentioning Information, Shared Information Bias, Ownership Bias, Reiteration, and Confirmation Bias:

Participants were given information for and against the decriminalization of marijuana and discussed the issue in groups. Factors affecting rated importance of information after the group discussion were examined. Participants did not rate information that was mentioned during the discussion as more important than information not mentioned, and participants did not rate shared information they mentioned as more important than unshared information. Participants did rate shared information other group members mentioned as more important than unshared information others mentioned. Participants did not rate their own information as more important than other's information, and information that was repeated was not rated as more important. Participants did perceive information supporting their individual position as more important than information against their position, and this confirmation bias was lessened in groups containing an opinion minority. A comparison of minority and majority members in minority-co...
107-mW low-noise green-light emission by frequency doubling of a reliable 1060-nm DFB semiconductor laser diode

We have generated 107-mW green-light emission by frequency doubling of a reliable 1060-nm distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode using a periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate waveguide in the most compact single-pass configuration. The green power variation is lower than 1% at frequencies below 82 kHz. The relative intensity noise of -150 dB/Hz has been measured at 100 MHz. We also report 5000-h life-test results of 1060-nm DFB lasers at 80/spl deg/C.
Equivalent resistivity of non-uniform soil for grounding grid design

This paper develops a method to determine the equivalent resistivity of heterogeneous soils to be used in the available expressions for uniform soils employed to calculate the ground resistance, mesh and step voltages of substation grounding grids. The results obtained with the proposed equivalent resistivity are compared with the results obtained from the two layer and the multilayer models of the soil and with the results from a computer program, developed by the authors, directly based on the potential produced by a point source in heterogeneous soil. >
Use Of Sediment Transport Calculations In Dredged Material Disposal Site Selection

Identification of suitable sites for ocean disposal of dredged material is an ongoing problem for federal agencies, local port authorities, and users of marine resources. One of the considerations in site selection is dispersion of dredged material away from the site, either during disposal operations, or afterward. No formal technique for evaluation of sediment dispersion among candidate sites in the initial stages on site selection has been proposed. This paper presents a method for quantitatively comparing in situ dredged material stability over a large area as an aid in the identification of regions that may contain suitable candidate sites. The method was applied to site selection studies conducted for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the New York Bight. were made on a coarse grid representing the New York Bight using bathymetry, current, and wave data. The calculated bottom shear stresses were compared to estimated critical shear stresses for erosion of both natural sediment and dredged material. Spatial distributions of the time-varying ratio of bottom shear stress to critical shear stress were plotted and used to identify areas of relatively higher in situ bottom sediment stability. The calculations successfully identified areas of the mid- and outer continental shelf that had been chosen as good candidate areas in earlier, more-detailed studies. The method is
EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON NADP AND NADPH CONCENTRATION AND CORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE RAT ADRENAL.

The concentration of rat adrenal NADPH and NADP was compared with the rate of corticosteroid secretion at various intervals following hypophysectomy. Steroid secretion by the intact gland falls to a very low level within ½ hr following hypophysectomy, while no change was observed in the adrenal NADPH or NADP until some time after 72 hr following hypophysectomy. It is concluded that changes in the average adrenal cellular concentration of NADPH do not control corticosteroidogenesis in the rat adrenal. (Endocrinology 75: 501,1964)
Cholesterol, weight, height, quetelet's index, and colon cancer recurrence

The association of low serum cholesterol with colon cancer mortality suggests that low serum cholesterol promotes colon cancer recurrence. We compared cumulative 5-year recurrence-free rates of 279 colon cancer patients in relation to serum cholesterol, weight, height, and Quetelet's index. The median value for each variable was used to divide patients into those above the median, or at the median and below. Patients with median and lower serum cholesterol exhibited an 11% lower disease-free rate at 5 years. Patients above median weight were at significantly increased risk of recurrence in both sexes (76 vs 54%, z = 3.0026, p = 0.003). Progressively decreasing weight was noted with advancing stage in males but not in females. Women above median Quetelet's index were also at significantly greater risk of recurrence (74 vs 52%, z = 2.6109, p = 0.009). Patients above median height were at insignificantly increased risk of recurrence. This study indicates that body weight is a significant prognostic factor for patients with colon cancer.
Mindreading and tacit knowledge

Debate over the nature of mindreading proceeds on the assumption that theory and simulation offer distinct characterizations of this ability. The threat of collapse objection questions this assumption, suggesting that simulation collapses into theory because both are committed to mindreading as tacit knowledge. Although both sides dismiss this objection, I argue that the threat is real. Theory and simulation are both accounts of mindreading as tacit knowledge and so the debate between them collapses.
Surgical palliative care.

1. Introduction - is surgical palliative care a paradox? 2. Selection and preparation of patients for surgical palliation 3. The ethics of interventional care 4. The physiological response to surgical trauma 5. The psychological response to surgery 6. Spirituality and surgery 7. Interdisciplinary care 8. Quality of life issues in palliative surgery 9. Anaesthesia and peri-operative pain management 10. Symptom palliation of diseases of the head and neck (including dentistry) 11. The surgical relief of the symptomatic chest 12. Surgery for the control of symptoms in the abdomen 13. Symptom control in urological malignancy 14. Wound and reconstructive problems in advanced disease 15. Neurosurgical palliation 16. The role of the ophthalmologist in advanced disease 17. Perspectives from the developing world and diverse societies 18. Epilogue: a message to all surgeons
Nonlinear resonant absorption effects on the design of resonance fluorescence lidars and laser guide stars

Saturation effects may significantly reduce the backscattered signal expected for resonance fluorescence lidar systems. Saturation arises when the laser energy density within the layer is large enough to significantly alter the population densities of the atomic states within the layer. These altered state populations lead to nonlinear absorption of the laser energy resulting in reduced rate of fluorescence and increased rate of stimulated emission. The level of saturation is determined by the laser pulse length, pulse energy, beam-width, and linewidth. Analysis reveals that the saturation effects can be characterized by two parameters: the saturation time τs and the rms laser linewidth Δωrms.The saturation time is the characteristic time of stimulated emission and is an indication of the level of saturation. The saturation time depends on pulse energy, pulse length, and beamwidth. The laser linewidth is important since it determines the effective absorption cross section of the atoms and also the percentage of atoms illuminated for an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line. The impact of saturation on lidar design is also examined. Design examples, including lidar systems for atmospheric research and laser guide stars for adaptive imaging applications in astronomy are studied in detail.
Souvenirs sensoriels du socialisme

En insistant sur l’importance des sens dans la pratique de la rememoration sociale, le present article prend ses distances avec les methodologies logocentriques qui, dans les recherches sur la memoire, privilegient le recit et le texte. Prenant pour objet d’analyse ethnographique un musee en plein air consacre a la commemoration de l’histoire sovietique de la Lituanie, il examinera comment la vue et le gout sont mobilises pour declencher des souvenirs qui agissent comme trait d’union entre le passe socialiste du pays et son present « capitaliste ». Cet article demontrera, par ailleurs, que ce musee constitue un lieu ethnographique approprie pour formuler une critique des approches simplistes et unilineaires appliquees aux changements systemiques qui, apres la fin du regime communiste, continuent de se produire en Europe orientale.
PROBLEMS OF COMPARISONS IN AFRICA WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO KENYA

In order to obtain the information needed to include Kenya in an international comparison of income and purchasing power, it was necessary to collect some data to supplement the regularly collected statistics. Special collection was particularly important for capital goods prices and rural consumer goods prices. The remainder of the work involved using unpublished data available from the Kenyan Statistical Division, either to obtain additional detail required by the comparison, or to maintain international consistency in concept and estimating procedures.
Developmental toxicity of estrogenic alkylphenols in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Estrogenic alkylphenols have been identified in the aquatic environment, and concern has arisen over the ability of these compounds to interact with and potentially disrupt vertebrate endocrine systems. Here we report that waterborne nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) are toxic to the embryos and larvae of Fundulus heteroclitus, an estuarine teleost, causing both lethal and sublethal developmental abnormalities. Hatch success in surviving embryos is also adversely affected by alkylphenol exposure. Correlation analysis has indicated that decreased hatch success is strongly correlated to deformities in the torso/abdomen and tail of embryos. Larval exposure to the alkylphenols demonstrates that NP and 4-t-OP are lethal at concentrations an order of magnitude less than those lethal to embryos (NP larval 96-h LC50 = 0.95 μM [204 μg/L]; NP embryo 96-h LC50 = 24 μM [5 mg/L]). In evaluating the role of estrogenicity in developmental toxicity of the alkylphenols, we have found that tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, can prevent embryo-lethality for NP and 4-t-OP While these embryos survive, some sublethal abnormalities are still evident, particularly in the torso and tail. The results of these studies suggest that the alkylphenols have the potential to cause developmental toxicity in aquatic organisms and that this may occur through disruption of estrogen-based signals.
Transient analysis of Silicon Carbide MOSFET switches

This research was conducted to determine the transient performance of Silicon Carbide MOSFET devices. The device under test for these results is a CREE CMF20120D D-MOSFET rated for a blocking voltage of 1200V and a forward conduction current of 20A. The first test involves testing the limit of voltage rise time, or the dV/dt of these devices to determine when the device turns itself on. The second test studies the effects of large current pulses, 10× the rated current, on these devices to determine how well these devices are able to handle over current situations. For both of these tests a test bed had to be designed and built.
A COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING AND FLUORESCENCE DECAY STUDIES WITH TRYPTOPHAN

Abstract— The quenching of the fluorescence of aqueous tryptophan solutions has been studied as a function of emission wavelength using acrylamide as a collisional quencher. Our quenching studies are consistent with recent observations of the heterogeneity of tryptophan fluorescence, but they show a slight discrepancy when compared to certain analyses of the decay of tryptophan fluorescence in terms of two components.
Unraveling the complex mechanosensory machine of solitary cilia.

stimulus and cellular calcium response. This gap leaves room for many conventional chemical cell signaling events and thus requires an explanation. Mechanical forces on any structure may be sensed through the stress they produce. Fluid flow around cilia produces forces of drag, surface shear, and torque. The problem of calculating the different forces and the resulting stress distributions is complex, but was solved through modeling and experimental testing of the predicted dynamic behavior of calcium signaling in response to intermittent flow stimuli. The investigators designed a microscope setup that allows tight control of fluidmechanical stimuli with respect to magnitude and temporal shape, and also observations on cilia bending and resulting intracellular calcium levels. Interestingly, one model prediction from the mechanical properties of axoneme and ciliary membrane is that repeated stimuli, which by themselves are subthreshold, produce a substantial calcium signal, provided they have the appropriate frequency. This model prediction was experimentally verified and gives substantial support for the model and its other predictions. For example, important predictions for fluid flow stimuli are 1) the most important force for elucidating a calcium response is drag and the major stress due to drag is located at the base of the ciliary membrane, rather than the axoneme. 2) The interaction of mechanical properties of axoneme and ciliary membrane results in a relatively slow build up of stress at the base of the cilary membrane. If stress-sensitive calcium channels are indeed located at the base, as suggested by immunostaining (9), the model predictions can explain the time delay between fluidmechanical stimulus and calcium signal. The structure of the cilium is therefore suited to function as a low-pass filter for mechanical forces.
Wheat ABA-insensitive mutants result in reduced grain dormancy.

This paper describes the isolation of wheat mutants in the hard red spring Scarlet resulting in reduced sensitivity to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination. ABA induces seed dormancy during embryo maturation and inhibits the germination of mature seeds. Wheat sensitivity to ABA gradually decreases with dry after-ripening. Scarlet grain normally fails to germinate when fully dormant, shows ABA sensitive germination when partially after-ripened, and becomes ABA insensitive when after-ripened for 8–12 months. Scarlet ABA-insensitive (ScABI) mutants were isolated based on the ability to germinate on 5 μM ABA after only 3 weeks of after-ripening, a condition under which Scarlet would fail to germinate. Six independent seed-specific mutants were recovered. ScABI1, ScABI2, ScABI3 and ScABI4 are able to germinate more efficiently than Scarlet at up to 25 μM ABA. The two strongest ABA insensitive lines, ScABI3 and ScABI4, both proved to be partly dominant suggesting that they result from gain-of-function mutations. The ScABI1, ScABI2, ScABI3, ScABI4, and ScABI5 mutants after-ripen more rapidly than Scarlet. Thus, ABA insensitivity is associated with decreased grain dormancy in Scarlet wheat. This suggests that ABA sensitivity is an important factor controlling grain dormancy in wheat, a trait that impacts seedling emergence and pre-harvest sprouting resistance.
Quantifying the Effects of Extracellular Conductivity on Transport During Electroporation

Electroporation is an effective means to permeabilize the cell membrane and deliver biologically active molecules (such DNA, RNA, dyes, etc…) into the cell cytoplasm, while maintaining cell viability and functionality [1]. Despite extensive research, electroporation still suffers from major drawbacks such as high cell death and low delivery efficiency. In the past, studies focused mainly on permeabilization of the membrane during electroporation while transport of molecules from one side of the membrane to the other has been overlooked. Previous experimental work demonstrated an inverse relation between the electrical conductivity of the extracellular buffer and total concentration delivered into cells [2]. This inverse correlation suggests that additional molecular transport mechanisms, besides diffusion, govern the delivery into cells.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Performance of rapid influenza testing in hospitalized children

Influenza infection is associated with high hospitalization rates among young children. Rapid diagnosis of influenza infection is particularly useful in order to prevent nosocomial infection and allows for the timely initiation of antiviral treatment. We evaluated the performance of a rapid influenza test in hospitalized children during the influenza season. All children (aged 6 months to 14 years) hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, admitted during the 2005 influenza season, participated in the study. A multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), able to identify IFV-A H1N1, H3N2, and IFV-B subtypes, was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates. The nasal swab was tested with a lateral-flow immunoassay (QuickVue Influenza Test). The performance of the rapid test was compared with the results of PCR. Influenza infection was diagnosed by PCR in 41/217 (19%) patients. Infection with influenza A virus (H3N2) was diagnosed in all cases. The performance of the QuickVue Influenza Test was estimated as follows: sensitivity 67.5%, specificity 96%, positive predictive value 79%, and negative predictive value 93%. The sensitivity of the test was higher in infants aged 6-12 months, in those with short duration of symptoms, and in the peak phase of the epidemic. The QuickVue Influenza Test is useful and reasonably accurate to detect influenza infection in hospitalized children during the influenza season. Infection with influenza virus is unlikely if the test is negative. A positive result suggests that infection is probable if influenza virus circulates in the community.
Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Modeling of the El Niño of 1997–98

Abstract This study is based on a global coupled atmosphere–ocean model climate prediction that was designed to include 14 layers over the atmosphere and 17 layers within the ocean. In this model an 11-yr data assimilation includes physical initialization of the daily rainfall estimates. No flux corrections are included in the seasonal and annual forecasts of this coupled model. It is first shown that intraseasonal oscillation on the Madden–Julian timescale was an important feature during the onset of the El Nino of 1997. It is shown that this feature is retained in the model’s data assimilation and in the forecasts. The forecasts commence on 1 April 1997. The model forecasts showed an El Nino warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean waters commencing with the excitation of a Kelvin wave. The Nino-3.4 region acquired above-normal sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) by 15 May. The warm SSTs reached a peak by around January 1998. The El Nino made its demise by June 1998. The life cycle of the entire SS...
Abstract 333: Deficiency of DJ-1 Leads to Increased Injury following Myocardial Ischemia by Enhancing Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress

Background: DJ-1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that has typically been associated with the development of early onset Parkinson’s disease. Recent data suggests that it also plays a role in the cellular response to stress. Although much is known about DJ-1 in the brain, very little has been investigated in the heart. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a deficiency in DJ-1 would enhance myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT) control and DJ-1 knockout (DJ-1 KO) mice were subjected to 45 min of left coronary artery ischemia followed by 24 hrs of reperfusion. The deficiency of DJ-1 significantly increased myocardial infarct size relative to both the area-at-risk and entire left ventricle, as well as increased circulating troponin-I levels (Panels A-B). Echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis at 1 week of reperfusion revealed that DJ-1 KO mice experienced greater left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy, displayed exacerbated left ventricular dysfunction, and displayed worse contractility and relaxation when compared to WT controls. In an effort to evaluate the signaling mechanism responsible for the increased injury in DJ-1 KO mice, additional WT and KO animals were subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 4 hrs of reperfusion. DJ-1 KO hearts were found to display higher levels of oxidative stress, greater caspase-3 activity (Panel C), enhanced phosphorylation of Jnk, and enhanced activation of the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Conclusions: These findings provide important information that DJ-1 plays a protective role in heart against acute MI/R injury.
Epigenetics and Human Disease

The completion of the Human Genome Project has advanced our understanding of the biological processes involved in health and disease. The increasing amount of whole-genome sequencing data becoming available from healthy and affected individuals has pinpointed variations in the DNA sequence, like single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that may help to explain differences in phenotype, as well as in disease susceptibility and resistance. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the DNA-stored information alone cannot be the sole determinant of human variation and disease. The extreme phenotypic variability that characterizes the >250 different cell types in the human body, where all cells carry the same genetic information, as well as the high monozygotic discordance rates for human diseases clearly indicate so. Nowadays, it is well established that the epigenome exerts an additional layer of regulation on gene expression and can “manipulate” the same genetic code into producing distinct phenotypes. The epigenome shows far greater plasticity than the genome and contributes significantly to development and differentiation by responding to environmental stimuli. Errors in epigenetic programming caused by genetic defects and/or environmental factors have been directly implicated with human disease. In this chapter, we describe known epigenetic mechanisms and discuss the aberrant epigenetic patterns that characterize several human diseases.
Creating online programming boot camps: faculty poster abstract

Computer Science enrollments have been dropping for years. Although they currently show a slight uptick in enrollments, it cannot be foretold if this will lead to increased number of Computer Science graduates, or that the increased numbers will be sustained. Computer Science graduates are overwhelmingly males, mostly white and Asian. Women, women of color and men of color earn less than 15% of Computer Science degrees. In the meantime, The Bureau of Labor Statistics show rapid growth in fields that require a degree in Computer Science. We do not have enough white and Asian males to keep up with demand. One obvious solution to produce a strong domestic work force is to recruit more women into Computer Science.
The Ko¨nigsberg Bridges—250 years later

Nouvelle demonstration de l'existence d'une cycle eulerien dans un multigraphe connexe dont tous les sommets sont de degre pair
The Double Donor Issue of the EL2 Defect in GaAs.

Photo-induced changes in the infrared (IR) absorption spectrum of the EL2 defect in undoped and lightly alloyed unannealed GaAs materials grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski technique were observed under a monochromatic light irradiation. These changes were attributed to the change of the charge states of EL2. The spectrum which is believed to be due to the charged EL2 exhibits a complex structure with two peaks at 1.07 and 1.32 eV and a shoulder at 0.94 eV. The EL2+/2+ → EL20/+ and EL20/+ → EL2+/2+ transitions were obtained by illuminating the sample with 0.7 ≤ hv ≤ 0.95 eV and 1.3 ≤ hv ≤1.5 eV, respectively. The transformation EL2+/2+ ↔ EL20/+ can be achieved in less than 10 sec and can be repeatedly switched back and forth between the two states. Fourier-transform photoconductivity (FTPC) measurements were performed on a large number of samples both semi-insulating and n-type. Two broad peaks were observed in the FTPC spectra with thresholds at 0.80 and 0.95 eV. The photoquenching and thermal recovery properties of these two peaks are identical to those of EL2. Both IR and FTPC results suggest strongly that EL2 is a double donor.
Projecting the Beginning of Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Damage to Field Corn

A method to forecast when damage by Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) will first appear each spring was tested in Illinois during 1980 and 1981. The method uses pheromone trap catch data to initiate computer simulations, using a black cutworm phenology model (event simulator) and current temperature data from standard weather stations. The projections consistently fell within 4 days of detected first damage in all regions of Illinois where damage was prevalent and where the crop had emerged. Recommendations for use of the forecasting procedure to schedule pest scouting activities are outlined.
Fetal heart rate during breech delivery

The fetal heart rate during breech deliveries was monitored electronically and compared to fetal heart rate variations occurring during delivery of cephalic presentations. Fetal bradycardia accompanied all breech deliveries. Comparable drops in fetal heart rate occurred at similar stages of delivery in both cephalic and breech presentations. Recovery to normal levels occurred more rapidly and Apgar scores were generally higher after cephalic delivery than after breech delivery. Delivery time was longer for breech than for cephalic presentations and a correlation between delivery time and fetal heart rate recovery time is suggested.
Syntheses and Structures of Thiophene-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Related Carbon Nanohoops

Thiophene-containing cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) bearing 8, 10, and 16 aromatic and heteroaromatic units in the macrocyclic ring structures were synthesized. Specifically, two and four thiophene-2,5-diyl units were incorporated into functionalized [6]- and [12]CPP macrocyclic carbon frameworks, respectively. In addition, two 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-diyl units were inserted into a functionalized [6]CPP carbon framework. The cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of the fully aromatized macrocycles and their precursors exhibited interesting electrochemical and optical properties.
1981 Emission Control Technology

The catalytic converters used on most 1981 model year vehicles fall into two general categories: three-way converters and dual-bed converters. (Some manufacturers employ dual converters. The distinction between dual-bed and dual converters is whether the two catalysts are housed in the same container or in separate containers.) Both contain a three-way catalyst, but with the dual-bed converter (and dual converter) the three-way catalyst is followed by an oxidation catalyst to provide increased oxidation capability. Supplemental air is added to the exhaust ahead of the oxidation catalyst. The pellet type dual-bed catalytic converter used by General Motors is shown in Figure 2. Both the three-way catalyst and oxidation catalyst are enclosed in the same converter, separated by the air plenum. Operation of the three-way catalyst requires that the exhaust A/F be controlled close to the stoichiometric composition. A diagram which illustrates the relationship between conversion efficiency and A/F for the two converter types is presented in Figure 3. A closed-loop feed-back control system holds the A/F in a narrow region near stoichiometry.
Commitment to Diversity and Its Influence on Athletic Department Outcomes

The purpose of this research was to propose a multidimensional construct of commitment to diversity, develop a questionnaire to measure the respective mindsets, and to consider outcomes of such commitment. In Study 1 (N = 199 undergraduate students), a questionnaire was developed and its validity evidence based internal structure supported through confirmatory factor analysis. Results from Study 2 (N = 593 NCAA Division II administrators) indicated that the factor structure of the commitment to diversity questionnaire was equivalent across sex and race. Finally, results from Study 3 (N = 911 administrators from 258 NCAA Division I athletic departments) indicated that the collective commitment mindsets of department personnel interacted with the diversity in the department to influence three departmental outcomes: attraction of a diverse fan base, employee satisfaction, and creativity. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to the literature.
Use of Antidepressants During Pregnancy?: What to Consider when Weighing Treatment with Antidepressants Against Untreated Depression

Introduction Mood disorders impact many pregnant women, particularly those who have experienced symptoms prior to conception, and there are significant barriers, including stigma and access, to seeking and receiving appropriate treatments. Antidepressants are a helpful option in treating perinatal depression, but research on risks and benefits of antidepressant use in pregnancy is difficult given lack of "gold standard" comparative trials. Methods This paper summarizes current state of knowledge on the safety of antidepressants during pregnancy by providing a summary of the literature published in the past 3 years (January 2013-October 2015). We identified 21 reviews and meta-analyses that were included in this summary report. This report is meant to provide a user-friendly, yet comprehensive guide summarizing the abundant, and in part contradicting, literature on risks and benefits of antidepressants during pregnancy, in order to assist busy primary care prescribers in educating their patients. Our goal is also to contrast the risks/benefits of untreated depression in pregnancy versus treatment with antidepressant medication in pregnancy, and in such support prescribers in their decision-making. Results The past 3 years have yielded an abundance of publications on the topic, in part, with conflicting findings adding to confusion and concern among providers, patients, and their families. Many reported studies have methodological problems limiting their impact. Data on adverse effects of medications on pregnancy and fetal outcomes have to be weighed against the impact of untreated illness and poor health habits associated with untreated illness on the same outcomes. Discussion Medical-decision making is often complex and seldom free of risks. Obviously, as providers we cannot guarantee that fetal exposure to antidepressants is totally free of risk, yet this is true for any medicine taken in pregnancy. However, to date, perinatal psychiatry has collected enough evidence to suggest that, if the clinical picture warrants it, the use of many antidepressants, especially the SSRIs, is favorable compared to exposing mother and child to untreated depressive illness.
The predatory publishing phenomenon: dead end or just an inconvenience on the road to a new scholarly publishing landscape?

Exploitation of the open access (OA) model by unscrupulous publishers can seem a threat to the future of scholarly publishing. Some see the proliferation of these publishers as a simple case of bad actors who need to be stopped. Further reflection and reading can lead to a realization that the situation is not nearly as simple as bad guys vs. good guys. Rather, what is happening can be seen as a natural outgrowth of the ease of publishing on the internet and the rise of OA publishing. A global economic market for publishing scholarly articles on the internet has emerged and is responsible in part for this phenomenon. There is a continuum of publishers that some term ‘predatory’ which ranges from clueless new publishers to outright frauds. The good news is that the emergence of this phenomenon has resulted in the development of professional associations, educational movements and best practices that can help educate authors, publishers, researchers and academia alike. In the end the situation might turn out to be one of ‘temporary inconvenience, permanent improvement’. Based on a breakout session presented at the 39th UKSG Annual Conference, Bournemouth, April 2016
Challenges and Pitfalls of Entrainment Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia: Ten Illustrative Concepts.

The use and interpretation of entrainment mapping, or continuous resetting, of a reentrant tachycardia has been regarded as the gold standard for delineation of the components of a reentrant circuit.1,2 The response during and after overdrive pacing, whereby 2 wavefronts enter the circuit antidromically (with fusion) and orthodromically, is used to confirm reentry as the arrhythmia mechanism and determine the relationship of the pacing site to the circuit. The fulfillment of classical criteria outlined by Waldo and colleagues3,4 were synthesized into an anatomic concept for scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) by Stevenson et al5 to portray the structural and architectural basis of circuit conduction meandering between regions of fibrosis. In this construct, a central corridor, or protected isthmus, is bordered between 2 regions of dense scar with a single entrance that is distinct from a single exit, which yields the QRS morphology.6 This reentrant model has been central to our current mechanistic understanding of scar-mediated VT and is critically important for differentiating critical sites from bystander sites and regions that are unlikely to interrupt or eliminate reentry.7 However, the nature of reentrant VT in man is more complex than our idealized working construct for many reasons. In clinical practice, the majority of VT is hemodynamically unstable, which precludes the ability to perform entrainment mapping and activation mapping of the entire circuit.8 Differences in the circuit between patients with untolerated and tolerated VT are not well understood. VT circuits are 3 dimensionally complex with transmural conduction and circuit conduction is unlikely to be planar, as depicted by electroanatomic mapping of the myocardial surface. Exits may be multiple9,10 and patterns other than loop reentry around scar are likely. Channels of preserved myocardium are frequently not “normal” in voltage (>1.5 mV) …