cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social scientists' data sharing behaviors

Propose data sharing model based on motivational, institutional, and resource factors.The research model was validated by the results of a survey of 361 social scientists.Career benefit and risk significantly affect social scientists' data sharing attitude.Attitude, effort, and norm significantly influence social scientists' data sharing.Funding agency and journal's pressures and data repository need to be more encouraged. The purpose of this study is to locate individual, institutional, and resource factors that influence data sharing behaviors among social scientists. Given the benefits to the social science disciplines in the advancement of scholarship, and the recent data sharing policy changes of funding agencies, it is necessary to determine the factors that support and impede data sharing behaviors. A research model was developed and validated based on the results of a survey of 361 social scientists. The model is informed by theory of planned behavior and institutional theory to map underlying individual motivations, institutional pressures, and availability of resources facilitating social scientists' data sharing. It was found that social scientists' data sharing behaviors are mainly driven by personal motivations (i.e., perceived career benefit and risk, perceived effort, and attitude toward data sharing) and perceived normative pressure. Funding agencies' pressure, journals' pressure, and availability of data repository were not found to be significant factors in influencing social scientists' data sharing. This research suggests that personal motivations and norm of data sharing currently support social scientists' data sharing; however, institutional pressures by funding agencies and journals and data repository need to be further encouraged to better facilitate social scientists' data sharing behaviors.
Strength and Toughness of Be12Nb, Be17 Nb2 and Two-Phase Be12Nb-Be17Nb2

Bend strength, compression strength, and fracture toughness of niobium beryllide intermetallic compounds have been assessed at temperatures from ambient to 1200°C. Hot-isostatically-pressed (HIP) Be12Nb showed significantly improved lowand high-temperature mechanical properties over vacuum-hot-pressed (VHP) material. Strengths at 20°C were 250 MPa in bending and 2750 MPa in compression with a fracture toughness of ~4 Mpa√m, much higher than previously measured for this compound. High-temperature (≥ 1000°C) mechanical properties were also improved with bend strengths of 250 MPa at 1200°C as compared to only 70 to 100 MPa for the VHP material. However, severe pest embrittlement was detected in the HIP material at temperatures between 650 and 1000°C.
Clinical Trial of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as an Inhibitor of Metabolic Activation of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Cigarette Smokers

2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product found as a conjugate in watercress and other cruciferous vegetables, is an inhibitor of the metabolic activation and lung carcinogenicity of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in F344 rats and A/J mice. We carried out a clinical trial to determine whether PEITC also inhibits the metabolic activation of NNK in smokers. Cigarette smokers were recruited and asked to smoke cigarettes containing deuterium-labeled [pyridine-D4]NNK for an acclimation period of at least 1 week. Then subjects were randomly assigned to one of two arms: PEITC followed by placebo, or placebo followed by PEITC. During the 1-week treatment period, each subject took PEITC (10 mg in 1 mL of olive oil, 4 times per day). There was a 1-week washout period between the PEITC and placebo periods. The NNK metabolic activation ratio [pyridine-D4]hydroxy acid/total [pyridine-D4]NNAL was measured in urine samples to test the hypothesis that PEITC treatment modified NNK metabolism. Eighty-two smokers completed the study and were included in the analysis. Overall, the NNK metabolic activation ratio was reduced by 7.7% with PEITC treatment (P = 0.023). The results of this trial, while modest in effect size, provide a basis for further investigation of PEITC as an inhibitor of lung carcinogenesis by NNK in smokers. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 396-405. ©2016 AACR.
Large deglacial shifts of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone

The position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is sensitive to changes in the balance of heat between the hemispheres which has fundamental implications for tropical hydrology and atmospheric circulation. Although the ITCZ is thought to experience the largest shifts in position during deglacial stadial events, the magnitude of shifts has proven difficult to reconstruct, in part because of a paucity of high-resolution records, particularly those including spatial components. Here we track the position of the ITCZ from 150 to 110 ka at three sites in the central equatorial Pacific at sub-millennial time resolution. Our results provide evidence of large, abrupt changes in tropical climate during the penultimate deglaciation, coincident with North Atlantic Heinrich Stadial 11 (∼136-129 ka). We identify this event both as a Northern Hemisphere increase in aeolian dust and as a shift in the mean position of the ITCZ a minimum of 4° southwards at 160° W.
Ergonomic Analysis of Pallets and Drum Handling

This study investigates the effects of heavy pallet and drum handling on spinal loading at the L5/S1 region and surface electromyographic activity of the erector spinae muscles, and the associated ...
Community policing in England

Central government plays a key role in policing in England. The Home Office is responsible for the appointment of senior administrators, and also their removal. Chief executives arc expected to respond to any requirement for reports that emanate from the Home Office, which can also investigate any issue relevant to police forces, issue regulations and discuss appeals. This is further augmented by the budgetary power over local forces held by the Home Office, which provides 51 per cent of the monetary funds needed for each force. There are also decentralized aspects of police administration in the form of the local police authority (City Council for the City of London police, the Home Secretary for the London Metropolitian Police and committees composed of local magistrates and members of local councils for the provincial forces) and in the form of the chief executive (known as the chief constable) who manages the daily operations of each force (see Terrill, forthcoming).
Calcium is a Competitive Inhibitor of the Activation of Oxygen Evolution by Manganese in Conditional Mutants of Scenedesmusobliquus

Cells of the green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus, strain D3, when grown heterotrophically possess near normal levels of pnotosynthetic oxygen production when exposed to light. This capacity for photosynthesis remains nearly constant when cells are cultured for 48 hours over the temperature range of 18°C–32C.
BRICS| Getting in the Game? A Rising India and the Question of Global Sport

One of the most visible examples of the growing importance of BRICS economies is their emergence as hosts of the world’s top sport mega-events. These countries have become the frontline for the “global sports industrial complex,” which, furthering the mutually beneficial interests of sports organizations and governing bodies, media corporations, and transnational brands, has transformed global sport into a cultural and economic force. India is alone among the BRICS countries in that it has not hosted—or bid to host—an Olympics or Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup, and is the least athletically accomplished in such venues. This article situates India within the wider political economy of global sport by analyzing media debates around the country’s potential to host a mega-event. This case demonstrates how global aspirations are articulated through sport, and addresses commercial and development implications stemming from the adoption of sport as a global benchmark.
User authentication and identification on smartphones by incorporating capacitive touchscreen

Smartphones, while providing users ease of access to sensitive information on the go, also present severe security risks if an attacker is able to gain access to them. To strengthen the user authentication and identification in a smartphone, we develop a biometric authentication and identification system which uses the capacitive touchscreen that is featured in all current smartphones. Our methodology focuses on using the touchscreen as a sensor to capture the image of a user's ear, thumb or four fingers. We extract the capacitive raw data from the touched body part to obtain a capacitive image, and then use it to capture geometric features (e.g., length and width of a finger) and principal components. After that, we experiment with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers to verify and also identify each user. We achieved the maximum authentication accuracy of 98.84% by four fingers with SVM, and maxinum identification accuracy of 97.61% by four fingers with RF.
Multiscale-multiphysics modeling of nonclassical semiconductor devices

This work describes our on-going efforts to develop a multiscale Quantum Atomistic Device Simulator (QuADS 3-D) where: a) material parameters are obtained atomistically using first-principles, b) structural relaxation and phonon dispersions are studied via molecular mechanics/dynamics, c) a variety of tight-binding models (s, sp3s*, sp3d5s*) are used for the calculation of electronic bandstructure and interband transition rates, and d) coupled charge-phonon transport is simulated using a combined Monte Carlo-NEGF framework. The atom-by-atom simulation capability in QuADS 3-D exposes new degrees-of-freedom at nanoscale (such as engineering the stress, hybrid crystal cuts, composition, surface polarization, and electrostatics) and creates transformative design routes for boosting performance and reliability of novel nanoelectronic devices. Application of QuADS 3-D is demonstrated by four examples: 1) quantum and coulomb effects in nanoscale FETs; 2) correlation of structural modifications and reliability in AlGaN HEMTs; 3) effects of contact resistances in nanostructured thermoelectric coolers; and 4) efficiency droop in nanostructured III-N LEDs.
Reciprocal Associations between Delinquent Behavior and Social Network Position during Middle School

Delinquency and social standing are linked within middle school. Yet, theoretical explanations are generally unidirectional, and prevailing models are somewhat contradictory in terms of the directionality of the link between delinquency and social standing. The current study aimed to expand upon our current understanding of the social nature of delinquency by examining reciprocal associations between delinquency and social standing. We conceptualized social standing using two indices of social network position: social network prestige (how important or influential one is within the peer network) and social network centrality (how well-connected one is to peers in the network). We also assessed gender differences in associations. Ethnically diverse middle school students were followed longitudinally across one year (three waves; N = 516, M age = 11.91 years at the first wave; 47% girls; 55% Latina/o). Participants reported on their delinquent behavior and nominated friends within their grade; friendship nominations were used to calculate social network prestige and centrality. Results indicated that both indicators of social network position were associated with increases in delinquency across school years, but not within the school year. Further, delinquency was associated with increases in social network prestige but not social network centrality (again, only across school years). Similarities across gender were found. The findings highlight the need to expand upon current, generally unidirectional theories of the social nature of delinquency, and suggest important differences between change within vs. across the school year.
A Provider’s Right to Choose: A Legal History

Ziegler unearths the lost history of why arguments for abortion providers’ rights faded from American law and politics. The chapter documents the rise and fall of physicians’ claims, chronicling the development of an alternative focused exclusively on women. Ziegler illuminates the costs of this shift. While the court once portrayed providers as rights-holders, American jurisprudence increasingly presents them as manipulators requiring state supervision. In order to effectively defend abortion rights, supporters of legal abortion need not resurrect the widely maligned privacy frame set forth in Roe. Just the same, the movement will have to reconsider the constitutional importance accorded to providers. In the United States, the abortion right will mean little if providers are left out.
Abstract 709: Incidence and mortality of diethylstilbestrol-related clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: 40 years of long-term follow-up

Objective: Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero are at increased risk for the development of vaginal and cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), and possibly of breast cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as well. A peak in the age-incidence curve in DES- related CCA has been documented at ages 19 to 24. It is unknown if a second peak will occur in later life, the ages when CCA developed spontaneously in the pre-DES era. In addition, the long-term prognosis and health impact for adolescents and young adults who have DES-related CCA are unknown. Methods: 720 cases of CCA were reviewed from the CCA Registry at the University of Chicago through 2014. Rates and cumulative risks for CCA were calculated based on white women born in the U.S. from 1948 through 1971. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival probability among women with CCA. Cox models were used to identify independent prognostic factors. To gauge the relative impact of young-onset clear-cell adenocarcinoma on mortality, we compared their mortality hazards with mortality hazards of the U.S. female population, and calculated standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Results: In 420 CCA cases there was documented evidence of prenatal DES exposure. 80% patients had a CCA between ages 15 and 31 but some occurred as late as age 55. A small second peak occurred around age 40. The risk of U.S. born, white DES-related CCA was highest in the 1951-1956 birth cohort, and this birth cohort effect correlated with DES use in the U.S. By age 50, the cumulative risk of CCA was 1 per 750 exposed women. A total of 695 CCA patients were included in the survival analysis. After a median follow-up of 22.7 years (interquartile range: 10.8-35.1 years), 219 patients died. The 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year survival probabilities were 83%, 75%, and 69%, respectively. As expected, tumor stage was a strong prognostic factor for survival among DES-related CCA cases. Tubular-cystic histology was associated with better survival compared with papillary, solid, or a combination of these histological patterns. Adolescent patients ( Conclusion: Our study drew a relatively complete epidemic curve of DES-related CCA. There existed late-onset CCA among women with prenatal exposure of DES. DES-related CCA increased mortality not only during early life among exposed women, but also impacted life after age 50. These results suggest continued close health follow-up of this population. Citation Format: Dezheng Huo, Diane Anderson, Arthur L. Herbst. Incidence and mortality of diethylstilbestrol-related clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: 40 years of long-term follow-up [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 709. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-709
Controlling FRET Enhancement Using Plasmon Modes on Gold Nanogratings

The optical properties of structured metal surfaces and nanoparticles can be engineered to influence the fluorescence properties of nearby quantum emitters through the manipulation of the local density of optical states (LDOS). Applying these techniques to Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is appealing but has proven to be a complicated and debated issue. In this paper, surface plasmons modes for a gold nanograting are found to enhance the FRET efficiency between nearby donor and acceptor molecules. Nanogratings support traveling surface plasmon waves with a broad range of wavelengths that follow a dispersion relationship, allowing for increases in the LDOS at targeted portions of the spectra of FRET paired molecules. Nearby excited fluorescent molecules may decay by launching a surface plasmon wave that couples into free-space light, which can be recovered. With this system, we measured the FRET efficiency for different plasmon wavelengths spanning both the donor and acceptor emission spectra. The...
A Philosophical Re-reading of Fanon, Nkrumah, and Cabral in the Age of Globalization and Postmodernity

Philosophy, until very recently, has been defined as strictly textual. Recent philosophical thinking has however challenged this view. African philosophers and non-African philosophers have originated a new narrative which argues that philosophy is not exclusively textual, but also significantly and creatively oral, that the content of philosophy can be transmitted both in written and oral forms, and that the two forms are not mutually exclusive. Classical Ethiopian philosophy satisfies the condition of an original philosophical endeavor that is both textual and oral. In this chapter, Kiros presents an outline of oral and written African philosophical activities in Ethiopia. Kiros deploys two analytical methods, vast interpretation (loosely philosophical) and strict interpretation (analytic) to situate the nature and place of African philosophy in Ethiopia through an interpretive reading of the following oral Ethiopian texts: The Fisalgos, The Book of Philosophers and The Life and Maxims of Skendes, the Treatise of Zara Yacob, and the Treatise of Walda Heywot.
Structure and dynamics of GPCR signaling complexes

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay numerous extracellular signals by triggering intracellular signaling through coupling with G proteins and arrestins. Recent breakthroughs in the structural determination of GPCRs and GPCR-transducer complexes represent important steps toward deciphering GPCR signal transduction at a molecular level. A full understanding of the molecular basis of GPCR-mediated signaling requires elucidation of the dynamics of receptors and their transducer complexes as well as their energy landscapes and conformational transition rates. Here, we summarize current insights into the structural plasticity of GPCR-G-protein and GPCR-arrestin complexes that underlies the regulation of the receptor's intracellular signaling profile.
Using institutional grammar to improve understanding of the form and function of payment for ecosystem services programs

Abstract Payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes are governed by complex institutional arrangements. Specific rules are needed to control who can participate in buying and selling of services, under what circumstances participation is allowed, how transactions are regulated, and many other actions. Decisions made by the developers of PES schemes about what rules to include and what form these rules take are likely to have an impact on the eventual success or failure of the scheme. This paper applies the Institutional Analysis and Develop Framework’s rules typology and Institutional Grammar Tool to develop a new method of classifying and summarizing institutional arrangements of PES schemes. We use 21 water quality trading schemes and develop the institutional rules classification and summary system. The classification system enables comparative assessment of institutional diversity across PES schemes. We demonstrate the utility of the classification system for this purpose by showing that there is significant institutional diversity among water quality trading schemes, despite their common environmental objectives and market-based approaches to addressing environmental challenges. We conclude with suggestions for applying the classification system to comparative research to understand the effectiveness of PES schemes generally and how differences in institutional arrangements may contribute to success or failure.
Impact of the Community-Wide Adolescent Health Project on Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in Omaha, Nebraska

We describe the impact of the Adolescent Health Project on sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing in Omaha, NE, during phase 1 (media campaigns) and phase 2 (free STI testing). To assess the impact of each phase on STI testing, we examined monthly data from January 2013 to April 2017 via interrupted time series analyses. There was an immediate and statistically significant increase in testing during phase 2. Expanding and advertising free STI testing is a promising approach to increasing testing.
The New Figuratism

During the early 1970s when copper prices were on the rise, Zambia’s economy began to boom. Lusaka attracted more tourists, and souvenir art became a thriving outlet for small entrepreneurs. Craftspeople and traders from neighboring countries considered Lusaka a key distribution point from which to market their wares. Among them were Kamba commercial carvers from Kenya, Makonde artists and traders from Tanzania, Senegalese middlemen, and artisans, ivory workers, and painters from Zaire. The climate of expansion for artists and craftspeople migrating from other countries and from Zambia’s rural areas was enhanced by an initial lack of official concern about regulation of the tourist art market.’ For several years, these migrant artists and their middlemen dominated Lusaka’s street trade in curios.
Myotomy length informed by high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) results in improved per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) outcomes for type III achalasia

High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is essential in characterizing achalasia subtype and the extent of affected segment to plan the myotomy starting point during per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). However, evidence is lacking that efficacy is improved by tailoring myotomy to the length of the spastic segment on HREM. We sought to investigate whether utilizing HREM to dictate myotomy length in POEM impacts postoperative outcomes. Comparative analysis of HREM-tailored to non-tailored patients from a prospectively collected database of all POEMs at our institution January 2011 through July 2017. A tailored myotomy is defined as extending at least the length of the diseased segment, as initially measured on HREM. Forty patients were included (11 tailored versus 29 non-tailored). There were no differences in patient age (p = 0.6491) or BMI (p = 0.0677). Myotomy lengths were significantly longer for tailored compared to non-tailored overall (16.6 ± 2.2 versus 13.5 ± 1.8; p < 0.0001), and for only type III achalasia (15.9 ± 2.4 versus 12.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.0453), likely due to more proximal starting position in tailored cases (26.0 ± 2.2 versus 30.0 ± 2.7; p < 0.0001). Procedure success (Eckardt < 3) was equivalent across groups overall (p = 0.5558), as was postoperative Eckardt score (0.2 ± 0.4 versus 0.8 ± 2.3; p = 0.4004). Postoperative Eckardt score was significantly improved in the tailored group versus non-tailored for type III only (0.2 ± 0.4 versus 1.3 ± 1.5; p = 0.0435). A linear correlation was seen between increased length and greater improvement in Eckardt score in the non-tailored group (p = 0.0170). Using HREM to inform surgeons of the proximal location of the diseased segment resulted in longer myotomies, spanning the entire affected segment in type III achalasia, and in lower postoperative Eckardt scores. Longer myotomy length is often more easily achieved with POEM than with Heller myotomy, which raises the question of whether POEM results in better outcomes for type III achalasia, as types I and II do not generally have measurable spastic segments.
Legal Institutions and Ecological Economics : Their Common Contribution for Achieving a Sustainable Development

Abstract This paper aims firstly to provide a conceptual overview on the two main objectives that should be addressed when modifying international environmental law and subordinated law in a more sustainable direction in the sense of Ecological Economics. This first aim is addressed based on ongoing research on ‘3-D Sustainability’, a concept providing decision-making support for priority setting between environmental, social and economic dimensions within sustainable development. The two main objectives identified within this aim are to stay by means of international environmental law within the ecologically sustainable scale and to legally define flexible trade-off mechanisms, which better deal with conflicts of interests among the three sustainability dimensions. Secondly, the paper strives to identify ways to further strengthen the application of the existing international law in this respect. Thus, several innovative mechanisms within international law are identified that overcome current implementation and enforcement deadlocks, without necessarily changing the existing law, in order to serve a sustainable development in the sense of Ecological Economics.
Successful management of a supralevator intraperitoneal puerperal hematoma with angiographic embolization

Puerperal hematomas are rare, yet often life threatening, complications following vaginal deliveries. The etiology remains broad; however, early recognition is vital in preventing postpartum hemorrhage and maternal death. Our case illustrates treatment of a supralevator hematoma with angiographic embolization following a spontaneous vaginal delivery in a young woman. Her labor course was complicated by persistent occiput posterior presentation that failed spontaneous and manual rotation.
A note on the Erd\H{o}-Straus Conjecture

This paper makes a fundamental assertion about the Erdős-Straus conjecture. Suppose that for a prime $p$ there exists $x,y,z \in \mathbb{N}$ with $x \leq y \leq z$ so that $$ \frac{4}{p} = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}. $$ The main contribution of this paper is that, under this assumption, the Erdős-Straus conjecture can be reduced by one variable. For example, it is necessarily true that $$ z = \frac{xyp}{\gcd(y,p) \gcd \left( xy, x+y \right)}.$$ Considering other reductions of the Erdős-Straus conjecture, this paper suggests a method for proof.
A unique insert in the genomes of high-risk human papillomaviruses with a predicted dual role in conferring oncogenic risk.

The differences between high risk and low risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV and LR-HPV, respectively) that contribute to the tumorigenic potential of HR-HPV are not well understood but can be expected to involve the HPV oncoproteins, E6 and E7. We combine genome comparison and machine learning techniques to identify a previously unnoticed insert near the 3’-end of the E6 oncoprotein gene that is unique to HR-HPV. Analysis of the insert sequence suggests that it exerts a dual effect, by creating a PDZ domain-binding motif at the C-terminus of E6, as well as eliminating the overlap between the E6 and E7 coding regions in HR-HPV. We show that, as a result, the insert might enable coupled termination-reinitiation of the E6 and E7 genes, supported by motifs complementary to the human 18S rRNA. We hypothesize that the added functionality of E6 and positive regulation of E7 expression jointly account for the tumorigenic potential of HR-HPV.
Chapter 1 – Plasmonic materials for surface-enhanced and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the fabrication and characterization of plasmonic materials that show promise in chemical/biological sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopy applications. Plasmonics is an emerging branch of nano-optics and nano-photonics that examines the properties of collective electronic excitations in noble metal films or nanoparticles known colloquially as surface plasmons. The chapter briefly reviews the simple, massively parallel method of nanosphere lithography and its use in the fabrication of size- and shape-controlled nanostructures. The essential physics of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the theoretical methods used to understand it are described, and key results concerning the short- and long-range distance dependencies of the electromagnetic fields surrounding the nanoparticles are summarized in the chapter. The relationship between LSPR spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is analyzed in the chapter. SERS provides a systematic reproducible way to optimize the signal intensity in SERS experiments. These experiments are directly relevant to optimization of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments, where the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism is expected to play a crucial role. The chapter also presents some initial works on force dependence in TERS.
Human Touch via Touchscreen: Rural Nurses' Experiential Perspectives on Telehealth Use in Pediatric Hospice Care.

Abstract Context Telemedicine has the potential to extend care reach and access to home-based hospice services for children. Few studies have explored nurse perspectives regarding this communication modality for rural pediatric cohorts. Objectives The objective of this qualitative study was to learn from the experiences of rural hospice nurses caring for children at the end of life using telehealth modalities to inform palliative communication. Methods Voice-recorded qualitative interviews with rural hospice nurse telehealth users inquiring on nurse experiences with telehealth. Semantic content analysis was used. Results About 15 hospice nurses representing nine rural hospice agencies were interviewed. Nurses participated in an average of eight telehealth visits in the three months prior. Nurses were female with a mean age of 38 years and an average of seven years of hospice nursing experience. Five themes about telehealth emerged: accessible support, participant inclusion, timely communication, informed and trusted planning, and familiarity fostered. Each theme had both benefits and cautions associated as well as telehealth suggestions. Nurses recommended individualizing communication, pacing content, fostering human connection, and developing relationships even with technology use. Conclusion The experiences of nurses who use telehealth in their care for children receiving end-of-life care in rural regions may enable palliative care teams to understand both the benefits and challenges of telehealth use. Nurse insights on telehealth may help palliative care teams better honor the communication needs of patients and families while striving to improve care access.
The Magnetic Value of Entrepreneurial Passion for Potential Employees

Abstract When new ventures tap into the labor market, they must battle with more established companies to recruit top human capital. We examine how an attribute known to influence new venture funders, entrepreneurial passion, also contributes to the ability of the firm to recruit employees. Through conjoint analysis of potential employee ratings of the attractiveness of working at a new venture, we demonstrate the importance of perceived passion of founders to potential employees. We show that a founder’s perceived passion for their product and for growth can enhance employer attractiveness when founders are perceived to have high human capital, but more importantly, can also compensate for founders with limited human capital. When considered together, perceived passion for product or passion for growth can compensate for low human capital of founders in attracting employees to new ventures.
Gazing into Existence: A Discussion of “A Patient Who Does Not Look: A Collaborative Treatment with Video Feedback”

In this innovative and collaborative paper (Sandberg & Beebe, this issue) self and interactive regulation and the role of gaze are astutely demonstrated. The clinical material focuses on a patient ...
Role of Osteocytes in Cancer Progression in the Bone and the Associated Skeletal Disease

The goal of this manuscript is to review the current knowledge on the role of osteocytes in cancer in the bone, discuss the potential of osteocytes as a therapeutic target, and propose future research needed to understand the crosstalk between cancer cells and osteocytes in the tumor niche. Numerous studies have established that cancer cells manipulate osteocytes to facilitate invasion and tumor progression in bone. Moreover, cancer cells dysregulate osteocyte function to disrupt physiological bone remodeling, leading to the development of bone disease. Targeting osteocytes and their derived factors has proven to effectively interfere with the progression of cancer in the bone and the associated bone disease. Osteocytes communicate with cancer cells and are also part of the vicious cycle of cancer in the bone. Additional studies investigating the role of osteocytes on metastases to the bone and the development of drug resistance are needed.
Management of Scalp Injuries.

Soft tissue wounds in the scalp are a common occurrence after trauma or resection of a malignancy. The reconstructive surgeon should strive to use the simplest reconstructive technique while optimizing aesthetic outcomes. In general, large defects with infection, previous irradiation (or require postoperative radiation), or with calvarial defects usually require reconstruction with vascularized tissue (ie, microvascular free tissue transfer). Smaller defects greater than 3 cm that are not amenable to primary closure can be treated with local flap reconstruction. In all cases, the reconstruction method will need be tailored to the patient's health status, desires, and aesthetic considerations.
Differential Survival of Generic E. coli and Listeria spp. in Northeastern U.S. Soils Amended with Dairy Manure Compost, Poultry Litter Compost, and Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Fate in Raw Edible Radish Crops.

Composted or heat-treated Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) can be added to soils to provide nutrients for fresh produce. These products lower the risk of pathogen contamination of fresh produce when compared with use of untreated BSAAO; however, meteorological conditions, geographic location, and soil properties can influence the presence of pathogenic bacteria, or their indicators (e.g., generic E. coli) and allow potential for produce contamination. Replicated field plots of loamy or sandy soils were tilled and amended with dairy manure compost (DMC), poultry litter compost (PLC), or no compost (NoC) over two different field seasons, and non-composted heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP) during the second field season. Plots were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of rifampicin-resistant E. coli (rE.coli) at levels of 8.7 log CFU/m2. Direct plating and most probable number (MPN) methods measured the persistence of rE.coli and Listeria spp. in plots through 104 days post-inoculation. Greater survival of rE. coli was observed in PLC plots in comparison to DMC plots and NoC plots during year 1 (P < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for year 2, where rE. coli survival was also greater in HTPP amended plots (P < 0.05). Survival of rE. coli was dependent on soil type, where water potential and temperature were significant covariables. Listeria spp. were found in NoC plots, but not in plots amended with HTPP, PLC or DMC. Radish data demonstrate that PLC treatment promoted the greatest level of rE.coli translocation when compared to DMC and NoC treatments (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in other regions of the US and informs Northeast produce growers that composted and non-composted poultry-based BSAAO supports greater survival of rE. coli in field soils. This result has the potential to impact the food safety risk of edible produce grown in BSAAO amended soils as a result of pathogen contamination.
Supporting Information Product and Service Families with Traceability

In this paper, we examine the role of knowledge management in the design, customization, and delivery of a family of electronically delivered products and services, specifically information products and e-services. We suggest that concepts underlying mass customization and product-line engineering can be applied to deliver customized and individualized products, and services, while allowing the provider to operate at mass production levels and simultaneously catering to the needs of individual customers. Further, we propose a framework for a traceability based knowledge management system to support the design, customization and delivery of information product and e-service families.
Size Estimation as a Measure of Body Image of the Movement Performer.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if 7-year-old boys estimated their shoulder width differently under dynamic and static conditions, if those estimates were different from the measured width of their shoulders, and if the differences between the estimates (if there were any) were related to the amount of body sway associated with the walking pattern. Four measures were obtained for each of the 27 subjects: (a) actual shoulder width, (b) the subject's estimate of shoulder width in a static situation, (c) the subject's estimate of shoulder width in a dynamic situation, and (d) the body sway associated with each subject's walking pattern. Paired measures were compared through the application of t tests. Estimates made in the dynamic situation were not found to be significantly different from static situation estimates of shoulder width. Significant differences were revealed between both static and dynamic estimates and measured shoulder width.
The throughput of wavelength routing networks

We consider the problem of interconnecting N local area networks (LANs) through a wavelength routing all optical network supporting F wavelengths at R b/s per wavelength. A /spl lambda/-routing AON is one in which the path of a signal is a function only of the signal wavelength and the origin of the signal. We allow the possibility of wavelength changing so that a signal may arrive at a destination on a different wavelength than it originated on. Furthermore, we assume a slotted system, where each wavelength supports T periodic time slots. A connection between a transmitter and a receiver is assumed to require one frequency-time slot of bandwidth. Each LAN has one outgoing fiber, one incoming fiber, and an unspecified but large number of users. The outgoing (incoming) fiber of a LAN is connected by a broadcast star to all the transmitters (receivers) of that LAN. We assume that there is exactly one active session between each pair of LANs. >
Women Lawyers and Governance in the Progressive Era

Progressive Era court reform led to creation of new courts that had both formal and informal positions, some of which were filled by women lawyers and representatives of women's organizations. The Juvenile Court in Chicago, the Chicago Morals Court, and the New York Night Court (subsequently Women's Court) differed in the network of activists promoting their creation, and therefore also differed in the amount of influence organized women and women lawyers wielded in these institutions.
BALLOONING OF MYELIN SHEATHS IN NORMALLY AGED MACAQUES

In aged animal brains, a variety of "holes" are formed in the neuropil. One type of hole, here designated as the myelin balloon, is an abnormality of the myelin sheath and is found in a number of diverse sites in the brain. Profiles of myelin balloons display rather smoothly rounded peripheral contours and typically range up to 10 microm in diameter, although exceptionally large examples may be twice this size. The balloons are bounded by lamellae of myelin, and to accommodate the contents of the balloon, the myelin sheath becomes split at the intraperiod line. Since the intraperiod line is formed by the apposition of the outer faces of the myelin-forming plasma membrane, the contents of the myelin balloons are, in effect, in continuity with the extracellular space, and it is suggested that the contents of the balloons are fluid, with the fluid exerting an outward pressure on the walls of the balloons to produce their spherical shapes. Myelin balloons are not only produced during aging but also occur in a number of genetic strains of mice and in a number of human disease states. They thus represent a non-specific, though distinctive and common, alteration of the myelin sheath and are a reflection of the fact that under a variety of conditions, including normal aging, oligodendrocytes are unable to maintain the integrity of their sheaths.
The Electrical and Photoelectronic Properties of Semi-Insulating GaAs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the electrical and pholectric properties of semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) and techniques required to measure these properties. Without a proper understanding of the techniques, it is impossible to critically evaluate the derived results. Because the theoretical bases of the various characterization methods are often not discussed at length in the relevant research papers, the chapter presents the attempt to do that for several cases of interest. The two most basic electrical parameters of interest, normally, are the carrier concentration and mobility. These quantities may be obtained from the proper measurements of current, electrical field, and applied magnetic field. The chapter also presents the block diagram of a computer-controlled apparatus that is designed to carry out the Hall-effect and photoelectronic measurements on high resistivity samples. If the sample conductivity is dominated by only one type of carrier, then a simple Hall-effect analysis is sufficient.
Does an online course work in computer science

At many colleges and universities there is considerable interest in offering courses online. Yet some faculty members express skepticism that online courses are not as rigorous as their classroom counterparts. This paper explores what happens when the exact same service learning computer science course was offered in a classroom and online environment to similar students at one university. The author found that there were no significant differences in learning outcomes. There were, however, differences in the types of students who tended to enroll in the online course.
Menthol smoking, smoke-free policies and cessation services

Aims This study examined whether menthol cigarette smoking is related to exposure to smoke-free home and work-place policies, availability of cessation services at work and knowledge of cessation resources among current smokers. Design Secondary analysis was conducted using logistic regression of cross-sectional data. Setting The 2003 and 2006/07 Tobacco Use Supplement (TUS) to the Current Population Survey, administered by the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Census Bureau, formed the basis for this investigation. Participants A total of 66 145 current smokers who participated in the TUS CPS administrations in 2003 and 2006/07. Measurements Demographic characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, income), smoking frequency, menthol cigarette use, status of smoking bans in the work-place and at home, availability of cessation services at work and knowledge of quitting resources were assessed. Findings Among all current smokers with an indoor job, with no smoke-free restrictions at either work or home as the reference, those who smoked menthol cigarettes were about one-third as likely to have a smoke-free policy at both work and home [odds ratio (OR) = 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.38]. In the comparison of those with an indoor smoke-free policy at work only versus those with no restrictions, menthol status was a risk factor for not having a work-place restriction (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67–0.93); similarly, within this sample, menthol use was a risk factor for not having a home restriction (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.31–0.46). Among all current smokers, the use of menthol cigarettes was a risk factor for not having a smoking restriction at home (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88–0.98). Menthol smoking was not related to availability of cessation services offered at work or knowledge of cessation services. Conclusions This study suggests that menthol smoking is associated with lack of policy protection from second-hand smoke exposure. Policymakers and tobacco control professionals should monitor tobacco control efforts to ensure that policies and interventions reach all menthol smokers.
Arginine metabolism in wounds

Arginine metabolism in wounds was investigated in the rat in 1) lambda-carrageenan-wounded skeletal muscle, 2) Schilling chambers, and 3) subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol sponges. All showed decreased arginine and elevated ornithine contents and high arginase activity. Arginase could be brought to the wound by macrophages, which were found to contain arginase activity. However, arginase was expressed by macrophages only after cell lysis and no arginase was released by viable macrophages in vitro. Thus the extracellular arginase of wounds may derive from dead macrophages within the injured tissue. Wound and peritoneal macrophages exhibited arginase deiminase activity as demonstrated by the conversion of [guanido-14C]arginine to radiolabeled citrulline during culture, the inhibition of this reaction by formamidinium acetate, and the lack of prokaryotic contamination of the cultures. These findings and the known metabolic fates of the products of arginase and arginine deiminase in the cellular populations of the wound suggest the possibility of cooperativity among cells for the production of substrates for collagen synthesis.
Regeneratively modelocked dual-wavelength soliton-pulse fibre-optical parametric oscillator in C- and L-bands

A self-starting regeneratively modelocked fibre-optical parametric oscillator that utilises four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fibre together with intra-cavity soliton formation to generate tunable, dual-wavelength picosecond pulses at 10 GHz rate simultaneously in the C- and L-bands, is demonstrated, believably for the first time. An electroabsorption-modulator-based optoelectronic oscillator is used as an ultra-low-jitter pump source that enables, by means of direct feedback injection locking, a significant reduction of the timing jitter of the obtained pulses.
Electromagnetic transport from microtearing mode turbulence.

This Letter presents non-linear gyrokinetic simulations of microtearing mode turbulence. The simulations include collisional and electromagnetic effects and use experimental parameters from a high beta discharge in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The predicted electron thermal transport is comparable to that given by experimental analysis, and it is dominated by the electromagnetic contribution of electrons free streaming along the resulting stochastic magnetic field line trajectories. Experimental values of flow shear can significantly reduce the predicted transport.