cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in dogs, rats, and humans receiving venlafaxine.

A stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitation of the enantiomers of venlafaxine, an antidepressant, in dog, rat, and human plasma. The procedure involves derivatization of venlafaxine with the chiral reagent, (+)-S-naproxen chloride, and a postderivatization procedure. The method was linear in the range of 50 to 5,000 ng of each enantiomer per ml of plasma. No interference by endogenous substances or known metabolites of venlafaxine occurred. Studies to characterize the disposition of the enantiomers of venlafaxine were conducted in dog, rat, and human, following oral administration of venlafaxine. The Cmax, area under the curve (AUC) and (S)/(R) concentration ratios of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers were compared. In rats, the mean plasma ratio of (S)-venlafaxine to that of (R)-venlafaxine over 0.5 to 6.0 h varied from 2.97 to 8.50 with a mean value of 5.51 ± 2.45. The Cmax, AUC0—∞, and t1/2 values of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in dogs were not significantly different from one another (P>0.1). The mean ratios [(S)/(R)] of enantiomers of venlafaxine in human over a 2 to 6 h interval ranged from 1.33 to 1.35 with an overall ratio of 1.34 ± 0.26 (n = 12). These ratios of the enantiomers [(S)/(R)] were not statistically different from unity (P>0.1) indicating that the disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in humans is not stereoselective and is more similar to that in dogs than that in rats.
Construction of solutions of the problem of free oscillations of viscous fluid in a half-filled spherical tank

We study free oscillations of a viscous incompressible fluid with free boundary in a hemispherical tank. We determine four systems of coordinate functions that satisfy the equations of the problem inside the domain and possess the properties of the required solution. Then, using these systems, we construct a coordinate system that satisfies all but one boundary condition of the problem. This system is used for the solution of the problem by a projection method. We compute the eigenfrequencies and logarithmic decrements of oscillations of the fluid. The results obtained are compared with asymptotic and empirical formulas.
Reaching women substance abusers in diverse settings: stigma and access to treatment 30 years later.

More than three decades have passed since the substance abuse treatment field first recognized that women and men have different substance abuse treatment needs. The federal government also develop...
Benedictus Pererius: Renaissance Culture at the Origins of Jesuit Science.

Benedictus Pererius (1535–1610) published in 1576 his most successful book De principiis, after he had taught philosophy at the Roman College of the Jesuits. It will be shown that parts of this book are actually based on his lectures. But the printed version was intended as a contribution to the debate within his Order on how science should be conceived. Pererius redefined the meaning of scientific speculation to the effect that metaphysics was split into ontology and natural theology, and that further speculative sciences, such as physics, gained their own competence. Throughout this book, as well as in his warning against magic and in his commentaries on the Bible, the Jesuit addresses Renaissance strains of neo-Platonism, Aristotelianism, and syncretism.
The Struggle for La Sierra: Sovereignty, property, and rights in the San Luis Valley

Abstract In 2002 the Colorado Supreme Court reversed decades of precedent in Lobato v. Taylor by awarding Hispano heirs to the Mexican-era Sangre de Cristo Land Grant renewed access rights to that grant's former communal land for grazing, timber, and firewood. Placing Lobato in historical context, this paper examines the contingent emergence of sovereignty and private property in the San Luis Valley of Southern Colorado through acts of violence, land loss, and dispossession. The paper argues that sovereignty and property, as forms of boundary drawing, are unfinished and contested projects rather than abstract, achieved universals. U.S. sovereignty in the San Luis Valley has emerged contingently through the iteration of private property, as struggles over resource access have produced sovereign effects. Such a perspective makes visible how Lobato has reiterated private property rights and U.S. sovereignty in ways that create new exclusions, even as the case returns access rights to the commons.
THE ROLE OF ANTS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS1

The effect of ant attendance on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus by Schizaphis (Toxoptera) graminum (Rondani) was studied under field conditions. Aphids visited by ants multiplied more rapidly than unattended colonies. Secondary spread of virus is caused by apterae which leave overcrowded plants and become established on nearby hosts. Ant-mediated spread of virus is typically confined to the edges of the field. Excavations made by ants around subterranean parts of small grains provide shelter and a suitable feeding site for tht aphid vector. Zusammenfassung DIE BEDEUTUNG VON AMEISEN IN DER EPIDEMIOLOGIE DER GELBVERZWERGUNGSVIROSE DER GERSTE Die Anregung zur vorliegenden Arbeit wurde dadurch gegeben, das wahrend einer Schlechtwetterperiode auf unterirdischen Teilen von Hafer- und Gerstenpflanzen von Ameisen besuchte Blattlauskolonien beobachtet wurden. Es handelte sich dabei um die Ameise Lasius neoniger (Emery) und die Blattlaus Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), die als Getreideschadling und als Ubertrager der Gelbverzwergungsvirose der Gerste in Nordamerika auserordentlich schadlich ist. Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestatigen erneut altere Beobachtungen, nach denen sich die Populationsdichte der von Ameisen besuchten Blattlause erheblich erhoht. Verschiedentlich konnte nachgewiesen werden, das Ameisen Blattlausfeinde, insbesondere Marienkafer, vertreiben, sobald diese in ihr Territorium eindringen. Die durch Ameisen geforderte Ausbreitung des Virus mus im engen Zusammenhang mit der populationsfordenden Wirkung des Blattlausbesuches gesehen werden. Ungeflugelte Blattlause verlassen ubervolkerte Pflanzen und wandern in die Umgebung der Wirtspflanze ab. Dabei konnen Entfernungen zuruckgelegt werden, die ohne weiteres ausreichen, benachbarte Pflanzen aufzufinden und gegebenenfals mit Virus zu infizieren. Dadurch, das sich L. neoniger hauptsachlich an den Feldrandern aufhalt, bleibt allerdings die Virusausbreitung auf diese Region beschrankt und dringt nicht weiter in den Bestand vor. Selbst unter gunstigen Bedingungen, das heist in der Gegenwart von Ameisen, Blattlausen und Virus wahrend des anfalligen Jugendstadiums des Getreides, bleibt die Ausbreitung des Virus und der dadurch angerichtete Schaden eng lokalisiert. Eine gewisse Bedeutung in der Epidemiologie der Gelbverzwergungsvirose durfte auch dem Vorkommen von Blattlausen auf unterirdischen Pflanzenteilen zuzuschreiben sein, weil die Lause hier gegen Witterungs- und Feindeinwirkung geschutzt sind. Die von verschiedenen Seiten beobachtete enge Bindung zwischen Ameisen und Blattlausen konnte in dem vorliegenden Fall nicht beobachtet werden. Ein besonderer Instinkt der Ameisen oder Blattlause scheint mir zur Aufrechterhaltung der Wechselbeziehung nicht notwendig.
Meclofenamate Sodium, a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Directly Interacts with the Proteasome and Causes Cell Death in H9c2 Cardiac Cells

In the United States, 30 billion dosages of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are consumed annually to relieve fever, pain, and inflammation. While NSAIDs are generally considered safe, some including meclofenamate sodium (MS) have been reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Because the impairment of the proteasome, a multi-catalytic complex that breaks down 60-80% of proteins in the mammalian cell, has been associated with heart failure, the effects of MS on the proteasome activity were investigated. MS at 30 micromolar inhibited purified 20S proteasome activity by 40% and 26S proteasome activity in H9c2 rat cardiac cells and mouse heart tissue lysates by 30-40%. MS was also shown to decrease the cell proliferation rate and muscle differentiation of H9c2 cells. To investigate the mechanism of action of MS, H9c2 cells were treated with MS and the fluorescent proteasome inhibitor MV151 that bind to beta 1, beta 2, and beta 5 enzymatic sites of the proteasome. MS, in a concentration-dependent manner, competed with MV151, indicating that MS may exert its inhibitory effects by directly binding to the proteasome's active sites. At the mRNA level, 100 micromolar MS increased the expression of genes involved in stress response and antioxidant metabolism, such as glutathione S-transferase omega. When H9c2 cells were pre-treated with 3 millimolar tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, then with 200 micromolar MS for 24hr, tempol recovered the beta 5 26S proteasome activity by 20-40%. However, tempol and other antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine and L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) alone inhibited the proteasome activity by 20-50%. MS does not increase the caspase-3 activity at 10-30 micromolar concentrations, suggesting that apoptosis is not involved in the decreased cell viability in MS treated H9c2 cells.
The Role of Rumination in Predicting Seasonality

The impact of the changing seasons on mood and behavior (i.e., seasonality) has long been of interest to researchers. Recently, researchers have begun to look beyond biological explanations to investigate psychological variables that may play a role in the development of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal (S-SAD) levels of seasonality. Rumination, in particular, has received initial support as a process that predicts more severe levels of winter depression. In the first study, we assessed the effects of rumination, current weather conditions, current level of depression, and attitudes toward weather conditions as predictors of seasonality. In addition to weather conditions, weather attitudes, and current depression, rumination emerged as a significant predictor of seasonality in females but not for males. In the second study, we followed individuals categorized as being high (S-SAD) and low in seasonality over time and assessed for depression at Time 1 and Time 2. Rumination, in addition to current weather conditions and weather attitudes, emerged as a significant predictor of depression for females in the S-SAD group. The results of these studies provide support for the role of rumination in seasonal depression, particularly for females. This type of research may contribute to attempts to better explain gender differences in seasonal depression.
Linearity, steady state, and complex heat capacity in modulated differential scanning calorimetry

Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) has recently seen a large growth due to the availability of commercial instrumentation. In this paper it will be shown that MDSC based on heat flow presents a linear system as long as the conditions of measurement are carefully controlled. It will further be proven that for typical MDSC, a steady state can be maintained for heat capacity increases many times the typical increase of heat capacity with temperature. This permits not only measurement of heat capacity with continuous increase of temperature, but also the testing of glass transition regions and shallow endotherms as seen at the beginning of melting for nonreversible components. Finally, it will be shown that it may be possible to use a complex heat capacity for the description of the glass transition, but that the imaginary part of the heat capacity seems not to refer to any meaningful quantity.
Time-dependent variation of the surface structure of bioceramics in tissue culture medium and the effect on adhesiveness of cells

Abstract Biocompatible ceramics made of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were found to be actively changing their surface characteristics in tissue culture medium. The time-dependent variation of the zeta potential of TCP ceramics immersed in distilled water and in culture medium with and without addition of fetal bovine serum showed that the surface was unstable with significant changes in the charge being measured. Dry TCP had a zeta potential of −9.3 mV, which shifted to −1.8 mV after soaking in water and to −27.6 mV in culture medium with serum. To clarify the effect of the time-dependent variation of the surface structure on growth and adhesion of anchorage-dependent animal cells, the zeta potential of ceramics in dry state was regulated from −11.5 mV to +27.2 mV by means of silane coupling modification. After soaking in distilled water for six days, zeta potential of the modified TCPs shifted to between +7.5 mV and −7.6 mV, while they were between −9.9 mV and −23.7 mV in culture medium with serum. Concentrations of calcium and phosphate dissolved in distilled water and in culture medium showed the solubility of the ceramics was considerably high and depended on the pH of the surface layer. The suitable surface property for adhesion of L-929 cells was obtained by the most stable ceramics in the culture condition. In conclusion, the solubility of the thin surface layer of the carrier was considered to be the dominant factor in decreasing the adhesiveness of cells on TCP ceramics.
The characteristics of peptide collision-induced dissociation using a high-performance MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometer.

A new matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight/time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer is described for sequencing peptides. This instrument combines the advantages of high sensitivity for peptide analysis associated with MALDI and comprehensive fragmentation information provided by high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). Unlike the postsource decay technique that is widely used with MALDI-TOF instruments and typically combines as many as 10 separate spectra of different mass regions, this instrument allows complete fragment ion spectra to be obtained in a single acquisition at a fixed reflectron voltage. To achieve optimum resolution and focusing over the whole mass range, it may be desirable to acquire and combine three separate sections. Different combinations of MALDI matrix and collision gas determine the amount of internal energy deposited by the MALDI process and the CID process, which provide control over the extent and nature of the fr...
IOIS: a knowledge-based approach to an integrated office information system

Abstract Research on organizational decision making, cooperative work, and relevant technological support such as group decision support systems, model management, artificial intelligence, and expert systems,has falled to provide a functional architecture of the integrated, automated office environment which is essential to support knowledge workers in the office of the future. Previous research has been fragmented, focusing only on certain office tasks, or theoretical, lacking the concrete architecture of a working prototype. This paper describes an integrated office information system architecture which uses knowledgebased techniques to assist managerial and clerical workers in a complete spectrum of tasks ranging from group process support to resource management. The use of this system is illustrated with a scenario incorporating typical tasks found in many organizations. Problems encountered in the design and implementation of the system are described, and future research directions are listed.
Does strict judicial scrutiny involve thetu quoque fallacy

To protect what it deems “fundamental rights,” the Supreme Court “strictly scrutinizes” legislation that impinges on these rights. The Court views such legislation as a means to some end the legislation seeks to accomplish. The Court requires that the statute be neither “overinclusive” nor “underinclusive”; the legislation may not affect more people than necessary to achieve its end, nor is the statute permitted to leave some people out in achieving its end.
Carcass characteristics and composition of Brahman, angus and Brahman x Angus steers fed for different times-on-feed.

Twenty-five steers of each of three breedtypes (Angus, Brahman and F1 Brahman x Angus) were sorted by frame size and muscle thickness, assigned to groups (five steers of each breedtype) to be fed for 0, 56, 112, 168 or 224 days, slaughtered and compared for various carcass traits. Steers of each breedtype had similar dressing percentages. Carcasses from all three breedtypes merited similar USDA quality and yield grades; breedtypes differences in quality grade were slight. Differences were found in the fat deposition patterns exhibited by the three breedtypes. Brahman steers tended to deposit more of their total fat as subcutaneous fat early in the feeding period. Angus steers had more (P < 0·05) seam fat as a percentage of carcass weight at all five feeding periods and more (P < 0·05) kidney, pelvic and heart fat at two of the five feeding periods than Brahman steers. Brahman steers had a higher percentage of their separable lean in the muscles of the round than did steers of the other breedtypes.
Chronic hypoxia and rat lung development: analysis by morphometry and directed microarray.

It is unclear how sublethal hypoxia affects lung development. To investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia on postnatal lung remodeling, we treated neonatal rats with FIO2 of 0.12 for 10 d and analyzed lung development by morphometry and gene expression by DNA microarray. Our results showed the neonatal rats exposed to hypoxia reduced body weight by 42% and wet lung weight by 32% compared with the neonatal rats exposed to normoxia. In the neonatal rats exposed to hypoxia, the radial alveolar counts were decreased to 5.6 from 7.9 and the mean linear intercepts were increased to 56.5 μm from 38.2 μm. In DNA microarray analysis, approximately half of probed genes were unknown. Chronic hypoxia significantly regulated expression of genes that are involved in pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and postnatal lung remodeling. Chemokine ligand 12, jagged 2 were among those upregulated; c-kit, ephrin A1, and Hif-2α were among those downregulated. The altered expression of those genes was correlated with the lung development and remodeling.
The Oncology Nursing Society: Commitment and activities promoting cancer pain relief

The primary mission of the ONS is promoting excellence in oncology nursing. In its efforts to accomplish this mission, the undertreatment of cancer pain has emerged as a significant issue for clinicians, educators, researchers, and administrators involved in the care of people with cancer. In an effort to promote cancer pain relief, the ONS contributes human, administrative, and financial resources from its existing organizational structure, personnel, and volunteers in the variety of ways described above. The structure of the ONS enables it to support the goal of cancer pain relief from the broadest of policy-making activities nationally to the provision of care by a nurse to a patient and family. The ONS Position Paper on Cancer Pain, other position papers and statements, adopted resolutions, and the strategic planning process will continue to guide the ONS's commitment and contributions to promoting cancer pain relief.
Evidence from scanning electron microscopy ofexperimental influences on the morphology of Triton andTitan tholins

Abstract To simulate experimentally the production of aerosols in the atmospheres of Titan andTriton, we have studied organic material (tholins) obtained by inductively coupled plasma fromCH4 : N2 gas mixtures, with ratios 10 : 90 for Titan simulations and 0.1 : 99.9 for Tritonsimulations. Observation of tholins by high performance scanning electron microscopy showsthat tholin morphology varies with the chemical composition of the initial gas mixture. Althoughthe role of the experimental design (especially the diameter of the discharge chamber) and theflux of matter were not fully investigated, it appears that they have a significant effect not on theoverall morphology of the tholins but on the size distribution of the particles.
Clinician perspectives on potentially avoidable hospitalizations in patients with cancer.

Acute hospitalizations in patients with cancer are a major driver of the cost of cancer care, accounting for nearly half advanced cancer spending.1 Reducing acute hospitalizations is a potentially important strategy for improving the quality, value, and patient-centeredness of cancer care. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has endorsed a set of administrative measures to identify potentially avoidable hospitalizations, however these measures do not apply to patients with cancer.2 We sought to evaluate the proportion of hospitalizations in cancer patients that are viewed as potentially avoidable by clinicians directly involved in patient care.
Effect of the Spatial Extent of the Control in a Bilinear Control Problem for the Schroedinger Equation

We consider control of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation through a time-varying potential. Using a finite difference semi-discretization, we consider increasing the extent of the potential from a single central grid-point in space to two or more gridpoints. With the differential geometry package in Maple 8, we compute and compare the corresponding Control Lie Algebras, identifying a trend in the number of elements which span the Control Lie Algebras.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Assurance of Learning and Study Abroad: A Case Study

Most academic programs are now held accountable for measuring student‐learning outcomes. This article reports the results of an assurance of learning (AOL) project designed to measure the impact of study abroad on the development of ethical reasoning, intercultural sensitivity, and environmental attitudes. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB) AOL guidelines (2007, 2008) are used to frame the overall assessment process. Hammer and Bennett's (2002) intercultural development inventory (IDI); Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig, and Jones' (2000) new ecological paradigm; Forsyth's (1980) ethics position questionnaire (EPQ); and Richins' (1987) materialism scale are the primary measurement rubrics used in the study. Results support the proposition that study abroad does have a positive impact on the development of cross‐cultural sensitivity and environmental attitudes. Although study abroad appears to have no direct impact on moral reasoning, changes in ethical reasoning do app...
Sustained‐release delivery systems, I: Phase diagram studies of dapsone and selected derivatives

In order to develop slowly dissolving particles containing the antileprotic drug dapsone (4, 4′-sulfonylbisbenzamine, 1) that would be suitable for a sustained-release intramuscular injection, the dilauryl (2) and monolauryl (3) derivatives of dapsone, N,N'-didodecanoyl-4, 4′-sulfonylbisbenzamine and N-dodecanoyl-4, 4′-sulfonylbisbenzamine, respectively, were studied for their ability to form solid dispersions with the parent compound. The 1:2 binary phase diagram showed these two compounds were partially miscible in the liquid state, leading to the coexistence of a monotectic and a eutectic system in the phase diagram. The 1:3 phase diagram showed that these compounds were completely miscible in the liquid state and formed discontinuous solid solutions in the solid state. At a cooling rate of 2.5°C min−1, eutectic mixtures lying on the dapsone side of the eutectic point formed glass solutions. Taken as a whole, the results demonstrate that the molecular interactions between 1 and 3 are stronger than those between 1 and 2. Accordingly, 3 would appear to be the better carrier for reducing the rate of dissolution of dapsone from a solid dispersion.
Inflammation, an inducer of metallothionein, inhibits carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Abstract Inflammation, induced by turpentine (0.1 ml i.m.), protected against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity based on serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase. Inflammation was confirmed by elevated serum ceruloplasmin activities, and was associated with high hepatic levels of metallothionein, a zinc protein proposed to protect against CCl4-induced injury. Inflammation suppressed cytochrome P-450 activities, but this was not associated with protection against CCl4-promoted liver microsomal injury as assessed by glucose-6-phosphatase activity loss. Thus, protection against plasma membrane injury did not result primarily from depressed microsomal activation of CCl4. Each effect of inflammation reported here resembled effects of zinc injections. This similarity strengthens the hypothesis that metallothionein protects against CCl4-induced hepatic plasma membrane injury.
Transient Electronic Phenomena in a Highly Excited II-VI Compound Semiconductor Quantum Well: CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te

Experimental results of quasi steady state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy are reported from highly excited CdTe quantum wells and discussed in terms of the exciton and electron-hole plasma (EHP) phases. Steady state spectra shows the presence of three principal regimes with increasing excitation intensity: exciton gas in the collision dominated regime, exciton-EHP phase transition, and the plasma dominated regime with bandgap renormalization. The phase transition regime has been further investigated by time-resolved spectroscopy which indicates a degree of coexistence for the dense exciton and EHP phases shortly following the excitation by a short laser pulse.
Environmental Correlates of Cognition and Behavior in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

ABSTRACT The physical, cognitive, and behavioral correlates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) have been well-researched. However, there is minimal investigation of the non-biological correlates of cognition and behavior in this population. The association between foster care placement history and cognitive and behavioral functioning was explored using archival data from 136 children with FASD. Significant cognitive and behavioral abnormalities were found in the overall sample. Children with one foster care placement performed significantly better on measures of verbal intelligence, mathematics achievement, and impulse control and endorsed fewer symptoms of internalizing disorders compared to children who were never removed from their biological home. Children with multiple foster home placements generally fell between the other two groups on assessment measures. It may be important to consider placement history of children with FASD when attempting to understand their cognitive and behavioral abn...
The Classification of Distance-transitive Graphs of type q.Kq,q

A distance-regular graph that is q-fold antipodal cover of a complete bipartite graph arises from a projective plane. If the graph is distance-transitive, then the plane is either Desarguesian or a 'twisted field' plane. This settles a 1973 conjecture of Gardiner.
Glass-Ceramics for High Precision Reflective-Optic Applications

Titania- and zirconia-nucleated glasses in the basic Li2Al2O4–SiO2 system were found suitable for casting relatively large mirror blanks. Upon heat treatment, these glasses crystallized uniformly to yield transparent, very low expansion β quartz solid solution glass-ceramics. Special care was required in processing large diameter blanks, owing to localized temperature increases resulting from the exothermic heat of crystallization. Glass-ceramics with a wide range of β quartz solid solution stability resulted in a uniform product. Transparent glass-ceramic mirror blanks were obtained with average expansion coefficients from 5°C to 50°C of 0 ± 0.3 × 10−7/°C. Ware up to 15 cm thick was processed to less than 10 mμ/cm strain, with no change in expansion or transparency through the blank. Work with thick ware provided additional insight into the problems that might be encountered in the fabrication of very large castings.
Coolidge axis II inventory scale predictors of judgmental tendencies as measured by the First Impression Interaction Procedure

The present study identified relationships between the CATI personality disorder scales and judgmental attitudes and behavior as measured by the First Impression Interaction Procedure [FIIP; Personality and Individual Differences, 33(1) (2002) 131]. A total of 134 women and 42 men completed two separate 25-min uncontrolled interaction sessions as specified by the FIIP. Scores on the 14-item FIIP rating form were then combined to quantify first impression central tendency (Judgment Index), variability (Judgment Variability Index), and the degree to which participants judged others more harshly than self (Judgment Ratio). Eight of the CATI personality disorder scales were able to predict FIIP forms of judgmental behavior and attitude. CATI personality disorder predictors of the FIIP indices were generally weaker than those found in a prior analysis of the MCMI-II. The present CATI analysis was unsuccessful in replicating the specific gender by personality trait interactions on JR scores found previously. Significant interactions were found between gender and JR scores on the avoidant and dependent scales, and seven of the JR and personality scale correlations differed in strength on the basis of gender. These collective findings provided further support for the hypothesis of King and Pate [MCMI-II personality disorder scale predictors of judgmental tendencies as measured by the First Impression Interaction Procedure. Personality and Individual Difference (in press)] that judgmental attitude and behavior may be mediated by different personality factors among men and women.
Developmental changes in the connective tissues of the porcine recurrent laryngeal nerve

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) branches from the vagus cranial nerve to innervate structures important for voicing and swallowing. Damage to this nerve, commonly associated with surgery or idiopathic etiologies that largely occur with aging, results in impaired voicing and swallowing (Myssiorek, 2004). Sunderland proposed a model of peripheral nerve damage whereby a nerve's ability to resist damage from stretch and compression is determined by the quantity and composition of its epineurial connective tissues (Sunderland, 1951). Thus, it would be expected that epineurium differs depending upon the forces imposed on a nerve within its anatomical setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate RLN epineurium quantity and composition with development. A porcine model (piglet vs. juvenile) was used because of the similarity between porcine and human laryngeal innervation, anatomy and function. The entire RLN was excised bilaterally, and stereological methods were used to quantify the composition of epineurial connective tissues. Compared with the piglet, the juvenile pig RLN was double the diameter. While the piglet had no differences in the percentage of epineurial collagen and adipose between proximal and distal segments of both sides of the RLN, the juvenile pig had a greater percentage of collagen in the proximal segment of both sides of the RLN and a greater percentage of adipose in the distal segment of the left RLN compared with the proximal segment. In addition, unlike the piglet, the juvenile pig had a greater number of fascicles in the proximal than distal segment of the RLN, regardless of nerve side. These findings are consistent with predicted patterns associated with the different anatomical settings of the left and right RLN, show that the RLN changes with age, and support Sunderland's model.
Supplementary notes on the cyto-taxonomy of mantids (Orthoptera: Mantoidea).

1. Chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the salient features of male meiosis have been determined for the following neotropical mantids:Promiopteryx granadensis (Sauss.),Thesprotia filum (Licht.),Thesprotia graminis (Scudder),Tithrone roseipennis (Sauss.),Acanthops falcataStol,Oxyopsis rubicunda (Stol); and the female diploid number forAcontiothespis multicolor (Sauss.). This adds one more subfamily of mantids, theMiopteriginae, to the list for which cytological information is now available, and gives the first data on meiosis for two others—the Oligonicinae and theEpaphroditinae. 2. The subfamilyMiopteriginae, as exemplified byPromiopteryx, is characterized by the XO-XX sex mechanism and in male meiosis by prolongation of parallel pairing, non-chiasmate bivalent structure and absence of the pre-metaphase stretch stage; close correspondence with thePseudomiopteriginae is evident. Relatively low number and small size of chromosomes give a total chromosomal content approximately half that found in X1X2Y manteine karyotypes. The possibility of a polyploid relation is discussed. 3. Oxyopsis, presently assigned to theVatinae, is shown to belong to the natural group of genera characterized by possession of the compound X1X2Y sex chromosome mechanism; cytologically it is most closely associated withStagmatoptera of theManteinae.
Hypercortisolemia inhibits yohimbine-induced release of norepinephrine in the posterolateral hypothalamus of conscious rats.

Chronic hypercortisolemia attenuates yohimbine (YOH)-induced increments in plasma levels of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). The present study used in vivo microdialysis to study the effects of hypercortisolemia on YOH-induced release of NE in the brain. Cortisol (25 mg/kg.day) or saline was infused sc into rats for 7 days via an osmotic minipump. Microdialysate and plasma concentrations of NE and its metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol were measured before and after YOH (1 mg/kg, iv) administration in conscious animals, with microdialysate and plasma collections beginning 20-24 h after probe implantation. Chronic cortisol treatment resulted in attenuated NE, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol responses in both microdialysate and plasma. The results indicate that YOH increases central neural as well as peripheral release, reuptake, turnover, and metabolism of NE and that hypercortisolemia suppresses these responses.
Functional Aspects of Gif-type Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Mediated by Iron Picolinate H₂O₂-dependent Systems: Evidence for the Generation of Carbon- and Oxygen-centered Radicals

The present investigation explores the functional features of several novel and other previously ill-defined ferrous and ferric complexes of the picolinic acid anion (Pic), which are used to mediate Gif-type oxidation of hydrocarbons by H2O2. Complexes [Fe(Pic)2(py)2], [Fe(Pic)3]·0.5py, [Fe2O(Pic)4(py)2], [Fe2(μ-OH)2(Pic)4], and FeCl3 have been employed in oxygenations of adamantane by H2O2 mostly in py/AcOH to reveal that tert- and sec-adamantyl radicals are generated in Gif solutions. The alleged absence of sec-adamantyl radicals from Gif product profiles has been previously interpreted as compelling evidence in support of a non-radical mechanism for the activation of secondary C−H sites in Gif chemistry. The product profile is entirely dictated by trapping of the diffusively free adamantyl radicals, since authentic tert- and sec-adamantyl radicals are shown to partition between dioxygen and protonated pyridine at 4% O2 (in N2), or between dioxygen and TEMPO at 100% O2, in a manner analogous to that obs...
Differential aggressiveness and litigiousness: Social support and social status hypotheses

The Qolla Indians have high rates of involvement in agonistic forms of interaction. In previous reports the author suggested that ecological and physiological factors are causally associated with intracommunity differential participation in aggressive behavior. The present article described tests of hypotheses using other variables to explain this behavioral differentiation. The hypothesis that aggressiveness and participation in litigation are a function of the amount of social support the individual can potentially mobilize is tested. The relationships between indicators of social status (wealth, education, age, political activities, and ritual participation), on the one hand, and aggressiveness and litigiousness, on the other, also are examined.
Mixed addenda polyoxometalate “solutions” for stationary energy storage

A series of redox flow batteries utilizing mixed addenda (vanadium and tungsten), phosphorus-based polyoxometalates (A-α-PV3W9O406−, B-α-PV3W9O406−, and P2V3W15O629−) were prepared and tested. Cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis experiments on the Keggin compounds (A-α-PV3W9O406− and B-α-PV3W9O406−) established that the vanadium centers of these compounds could be used as the positive electrode (PVIV3WVI9O409−/PVV3WVI9O406−), and the tungsten centers could be used as the negative electrode (PVIV3WVI9O409−/PVIV3WV3WVI6O4012−) since these electrochemical processes are separated by about 1 V. The results showed that A-α-PV3W9O406− (where A indicates adjacent, corner-sharing vanadium atoms) had coulombic efficiencies (charge in divided by charge out) above 80%, while the coulombic efficiency of B-α-PV3W9O406− (where B indicates adjacent edge-sharing vanadium atoms) fluctuated between 50% and 70% during cycling. The electrochemical yield, a measurement of the actual charge or discharge observed in comparison with the theoretical charge, was between 40% and 50% for A-α-PV3W9O406−, and 31P NMR showed small amounts of PV2W10O405− and PVW11O404− formed with cycling. The electrochemical yield for B-α-PV3W9O406− decreased from 90% to around 60% due to precipitation of the compound on the electrode, but there were no decomposition products detected in the solution by 31P NMR, and infrared data on the electrode suggested that the cluster remained intact. Testing of P2V3W15O629− (Wells–Dawson structure) suggested higher charge density clusters were not as suitable as the Keggin structures for a redox flow battery due to the poor stability and inaccessibility of the highly reduced materials.
The Utility of Tamsulosin in the Management of Orgasm-Associated Pain: A Pilot Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Orgasmic pain is an infrequently reported but distressing problem for the patients who experience it. No consensus exists as to its etiology however bladder neck/pelvic floor spasm may play a role. This analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the alpha-blocking medication, tamsulosin on post-orgasmic pain. Methods: In a prospective, non-placebo controlled study, patients with orgasmic pain were interviewed and administered tamsulosin 0.4mg po qhs for at least 4 weeks. Outcome measures included libido, pain and continence and these were evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and an incontinence scale respectively pre and post treatment. Patients were separated into groups based on etiology of the problem (radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and other) for statistical analysis. Results: 98 patients were enrolled. Pain was located predominantly in the penis (72%), with other sites including testis, rectum and abdomen. Most patients (52%) experienced pain for less than 5minutes post-orgasm. 76/98 (77%) patients reported significant improvement in pain (≥2 points on pain VAS) and 12/98 (12%) noted complete resolution of their pain. The VAS for pain reflected a statistically significant decrease in pain for all groups in response to tamsulosin treatment. The entire group had a decrease of 2.7 points between pre and post-treatment phases. The IIEF libido domain increased significantly (mean of 2.4 points) for all treatment groups. Conclusion: Tamsulosin decreases orgasmic pain intensity in patients with orgasmic pain. These data support the hypothesis that orgasmic pain is related to bladder neck and/or pelvic floor muscle spasm.
Chromatic dispersion characteristics of single-mode mid-infrared fibers

The chromatic dispersion characteristics of several heavy metal fluoride fibers were evaluated as a function of wavelength, core diameter and index difference for a single-mode step-index fiber structure. The results show that, by appropriate choice of core diameter and index difference for each material, the total dispersion can be reduced to zero over a broad wavelength range. It has been demostrated that it is possible to have zero-dispersion fluoride fibers at the minimun loss wavelength of 2.5 μm, but further study of other core profiles as well as the role of the extrinsic losses is necessary for a complete design study of these single-mode fibers.
The Reality Principle, Tragic Knots, and the Analytic Process

Civilization and Its Discontents is shown to occupy a special place in Freud's development of psychoanalytic theory and technique. Especially emphasized is its implications for an inclusive understanding of the reality principle. The concept tragic knots is then defined and used to emphasize Freud's readiness to include tragic elements in that principle. An extended section then illustrates the spread of tragic knots into several diverse aspects of human existence: victimization, intimacy, and maintaining privacy. Finally, implications are drawn for the clinical assessment of working through unconscious conflicts.
Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 From a Dermatologic Perspective

Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have frequently been suspected as etiologic agents or cofactors in cutaneous disease. However, clearly established associations are rare. Investigations into an etiologic association between HHVs and cutaneous disease are complicated by the ubiquity and nearly universal prevalence of some herpesviruses. This article summarizes the associations between cutaneous disease and HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. In addition to a personal library of references, the PubMed database of biomedical literature was searched using the following Medical Subject Heading terms: HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8, each in conjunction with cutaneous manifestations, virology, epidemiology, dermatopathology, and therapeutics, between 1998 and March 2011. Free-text searches with known or suspected disease associations were added for broader coverage. The results have been summarized to provide a practical review for the physician likely to encounter cutaneous diseases.
Primer: establishing a clinical trial unit - regulations and infrastructure

The performance of clinical trials can be very rewarding for the practicing or academic clinical rheumatologist. There are at least 50 new compounds - small molecules and biologics - in development for rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, scleroderma, gout and fibromyalgia. Clinical trials are important to try to determine the appropriate use of these compounds, as well as to answer questions about their safety. To carry out clinical trials effectively, the physician-investigator must be aware of, and adhere to, the regulatory requirements. The purpose of this article is to review these requirements in depth, as well as to discuss the infrastructure required to establish a successful clinical trial unit.
The Canadian Baking Industry: A Study of an Imperfect Market

I. Leading features of the industry: concentration of output, 660; excess capacity, 663; selling costs, 665; price-agreement, 667; the small baker, 668; chain-store buying, 670.— II. The theory of pure competition inadequate to explain the industry's behavior, 672; the industry viewed as a case of monopolistic competition embracing both product differentiation and oligopoly, 675.
Impact of Negative Clinical Trial Results for Vertebroplasty on Vertebral Augmentation Procedure Rates

Background Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are procedures for treating vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). In August 2009, 2 randomized trials in the New England Journal of Medicine found that vertebroplasty did not reduce pain or disability relative to a sham procedure among patients with osteoporotic VCFs. Study Design We evaluated quarterly trends in per capita rates of vertebroplasties and kyphoplasties using the Florida hospital inpatient discharge and ambulatory surgery center databases from 2005 to 2012, supplemented with physician specialty and population data. We reported trends by procedure type, patient diagnosis, and physician specialty. We modeled the procedures as interrupted time series with a break when the clinical trials were published, and estimated changes in procedure rates and health expenditures resulting from the trials. Results The trials led to a 51.5% decline in the per capita vertebroplasty rate and a 40.0% decline in the kyphoplasty rate (both results p Conclusions Publication of negative clinical trial results led to moderate reductions in vertebroplasties and kyphoplasties for osteoporotic VCFs. However, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty continue to be widely used to treat patients with osteoarthritis. Substantial differences in response across physicians suggest an important role for specialty society clinical guidelines in modulating how clinical evidence is incorporated into routine practice.
Agency Is Messy: Get Used to It

The truth often lies between extremes. Strawberry ice cream—best or worst flavor ever? Probably somewhere in the middle. Vladimir Putin—pure evil or complete angel? Again, the truth is somewhere in...
A possible method of specific charge identification from profile measurements in nuclear emulsions

This is a discussion of a method of specific charge identification in nuclear emulsions (e.g. 1200 µm thick K-5 pellicles processed unmounted) requiring ∼ 50 µm projected range. Using a constant cell lengtht, the width of the trackTn was measured at each residual rangent, yielding a distribution {Tn}. Typically {Tn} consisted of 100 measurements made at a basic cell lengtht ≈ 0.57 µm. Each track was subjected to about three such measurements in order to estimate the measurement errors. The meanσ and standard spreadσ of this distribution, which are conventional charge sensitive parameters, often require normalizations for best results. A search amongst the dimensionless parameters associated with the distribution {Tn} indicates that the third moment of the distribution,α3 ≡\(\alpha _3 = \sum\limits_n {(T_n - \bar T)^3 /\sigma ^3 } \) (T −σ)3/σ3, is a charge sensitive parameter. A truncated distribution {T′n} with meanσ′, spreadσ′ and skewnessα(pσ′) is derived from {Tn} by replacing allTn >σ′ +pσ′ byσ′ +pσ′.α(pσ′) withp=3.75 is found to be the most sensitive parameter of those tried. It is presumed that its ability to discriminate is based on the presence of «subδ-rays» and the tendency to form gaps. The principal limitation arises at present from the rather large measurement errors. The observed efficiency of discrimination (∼ 80%) is consistent with what would be expected from these errors only. The possibility of utilizingα together with the mean track thickness in order to infer the mass of the particle, is also discussed.
The response to selection on major and minor mutations affecting a metrical trait

The joint evolution of major and minor mutations influencing a quantitative character is modelled in a large population. Empirical data on natural and domesticated populations, and analysis of the models, suggests that strong selection sustained over several generations is usually required for adaptive evolution by a major mutation, in order to overcome deleterious pleiotropic effects generally associated with major mutations. This helps to explain why adaptive evolution by major mutations occurs much more frequently in domesticated and artificially disturbed populations than in natural ones.
A study of IE formulations in near-resonance decoupling approach (NRDA) for cavity scattering problems

Solving integral equation by iterative methods for cavity scattering problems can encounter slow convergence due to several factors, such as internal resonance, near resonance and multiple wave bounces. A numerical study is presented on the solution of the TETH-type (short for t/spl circ//spl middot/E and t/spl circ//spl middot/H) combined field integral equation in the context of the near-resonance decoupling approach (NRDA), in which the TETH-type formulation is discretized by the method of moments with roof-top basis and testing functions over quadrilateral shaped meshes.