cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cilostazol is associated with improved outcomes after peripheral endovascular interventions

Objective Although cilostazol is commonly used as an adjunct after peripheral vascular interventions, its efficacy remains uncertain. We assessed the effect of cilostazol on outcomes after peripheral vascular interventions using meta-analytic techniques. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1946-2012), Cochrane CENTRAL (1996-2012), and trial registries for studies comparing cilostazol in combination with antiplatelet therapy to antiplatelet therapy alone after peripheral vascular interventions. Treatment effects were reported as pooled risk/hazard ratio (HR) with random-effects models. Results Two randomized trials and four retrospective cohorts involving 1522 patients met inclusion criteria. Across studies, mean age ranged from 65 to 76 years, and the majority of patients were male (64%-83%); mean follow-up ranged from 18 to 37 months. Most interventions were in the femoropopliteal segment, and overall, 68% of patients had stents placed. Pooled estimates demonstrated that the addition of cilostazol was associated with decreased restenosis (relative risk [RR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.84; P P = .002), improved limb salvage (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27-0.66; P P P = .21). Conclusions The addition of cilostazol to antiplatelet therapy after peripheral vascular interventions is associated with a reduced risk of restenosis, amputation, and target lesion revascularization in our meta-analysis of six studies. Consideration of cilostazol as a medical adjunct after peripheral vascular interventions is warranted, presuming these findings are broadly generalizable.
"Stone-grooming" in Macaca fuscata.

During study of mother-infant interactions of Macaca fuscata, a low-ranking female was observed to use a stone to groom her infant. At times a twig or piece of chow was used in the same fashion. The grooming involved a circular movement of the object around the infant's eye. The use of the stone appears to fit recent definitions of tool-use. Suggestions are offered regarding the functions of this occasional behavior; however, because of the rarity of its occurrence no conclusion is offered.
Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and ester phosphates by bone extracts

A study was conducted of the enzymatic hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and ester phosphates by extracts of bones of young rabbits. The proximal ends of humeri and distal ends of femurs were homogenized in barbital buffer (7.5 mM) at pH 7.4. The extracted pyrophosphatase activity had acid and alkaline pH optima. The acid pyrophosphatase activity at pH 5.0 was independent of magnesium up to a concentration of 3 mM and was inhibited by an excess of this ion. Pyrophosphatase activities at both pH 5.0 and 7.4 were inhibited by fluoride. The Michaelis constant of pyrophosphatase with pH 5.0 optimum activity was 1.4×10−3 M. The bone extract, when loaded on a column of Sephadex G-200 and eluted with barbital buffer (7.5 mM) at pH 7.4 containing 1% sodium chloride, allowed a separation of the two pyrophosphatase activities; that at pH 5.0 optimum activity was associated with acid phosphatase activity. Results of experiments of the two pyrophosphatase activities and alkaline phosphatase in bones of rabbits as they aged from 5 to 60 days are presented.
Risks of Valve Replacements in Young Women

Attempts to evaluate performance of cardiac valves by retrospective analysis are notoriously difficult because of the complexity associated with preoperative illnesses, types of replacement valves available or used, use of anticoagulant medications in some but not all patients, and a myriad of other differences. When a diverse group of women having multicultural backgrounds receive valves under various circumstances and at various intracardiac locations over an interval of ≥20 years, the difficulty of showing by rigorous statistical techniques that differences in individual outcomes are related to demonstrable or predictable circumstances relating to the valve is very great. Nevertheless, Dr North and her associates1 have carefully analyzed their data with 93% complete follow-up in 232 patients who received 323 valves between 1972 and 1992 and have presented …
Biochemical mechanisms of red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate increase at high altitude.

Red blood cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels increase after ascent to high altitude. Studies were undertaken to identify the biochemical mechanisms responsible for eliciting the 2,3-DPG response in several types of subjects. These included (1) short-term exposure to 3400 m in ten subjects; (2) ex- posure to 4300 m in an additional ten subjects; (3) studies in 28 high-altitude normal residents of 3100 m; and (4) studies in 28 high-altitude residents with chronic mountain polycythemia. Controls were 41 residents of 240 m. Regression analysis identified the glycolytic variables, termed "key variables," on which variation in 2,3-DPG levels was dependent (P < .05). Key variables common to the short-term studies were glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and the ratio of the levels of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate. The positions of these key variables in the glycolytic pathway and their mean levels suggest erythrocyte hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activation as possible enzymatic mechanisms. Key variables unique to the 3400 m study suggested phosphofructo- kinase activation also acted to increase 2,3-DPG levels. 2,3-DPG levels in the normal 3100 m residents were not different from low-altitude values, and 2,3-DPG levels in these samples did not appear to be dependent on any of the glycolytic variables examined. Among the high-altitude residents with polycythemia, higher 2,3-DPG levels were dependent on glucose-6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, di- hydroxyacetone phosphate, and the ratio of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate levels. The positions of these variables in the glycolytic pathway and their mean levels suggested activation of the hexokinase and phosphofructokinase enzymes.
Preparation of N,N-difluoromethylamine and N,N-difluoroethylamine

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of N,N-difluoromethylamine and N,N-difluoroethylamine. Some of the physical properties of these compounds are listed.
An extensive exploration of the rat brain for sites mediating prostaglandin-induced hyperthermia

Experiments designed to ascertain the site or sites within the brain where prostaglandins act to evoke hyperthermia were carried out. At an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, microinjections of PGE1 (50-100 ng) or saline vehicle were made in restrained rats. The 272 sites tested formed a matrix encompassing much of the subcortical tissue rostral to the medulla. The sensitivity of each site to PGE1 was evaluated on the basis of the dose required to elicit a criterion level of effect and on the intensity of the effect evoked by a fixed dose. Injections of PGE1 into a sensitive site typically produced a rapidly developing, short lasting, monophasic rise in body temperature. Saline injected at these sites produced no initial hyperthermia. Almost all of the active sites were located within the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region (AH/PO). The sites of greatest reactivity were found in the ventral aspect of the tissue lying between the anterior commissure and the optic chiasm. These data suggest that the AH/PO region is an important and probably the only supramedullary site of PGE1 action in the rat brain.
Digital restoration of multichannel images

The Wiener solution of a multichannel restoration scheme is presented. Using matrix diagonalization and block-Toeplitz to block-circulant approximation, the inversion of the multichannel, linear space-invariant imaging system becomes feasible by utilizing a fast iterative matrix inversion procedure. The restoration uses both the within-channel (spatial) and between-channel (spectral) correlation; hence, the restored result is a better estimate than that produced by independent channel restoration. Simulations are also presented. >
Decentralised and centralised energy: a property rights analysis

Interconnection between centralised and decentralised electrical power sources remains a contentious issue on technical, economic, and policy grounds. This paper considers the problem of interconnection as a property rights problem one that involves allocation conflicts and pressures for institutional change. We argue that the current policy approach to interconnection problems between distributed-generation power sources and the distribution grid in California should take more careful account of changing property rights characteristics of the distribution grid. We review two emerging property rights frameworks community choice aggregation and public power cooperatives/municipalities, which may help overcome such interconnection barriers.
Proposition 14 and California's Minor Parties: A Case Study of Electoral Reform and Party Response

In 2010, California voters enacted Proposition 14, the Top Two Can- didates Open Primary Act, which changed California's electoral system from single-member, plurality district elections to a top two (majority) runoff system. Although literature in comparative politics and formal theory suggests this change should help third parties in California, almost 80% fewer minor-party candidates filed for office in 2012 than in 2010. Indeed, 2012 saw the smallest number of minor-party candidates in California since 1966. Employing a mixed- methods approach, this paper examines different explanations for the decline in minor-party candidacies. Although most observers argue that Proposition 14 directly discouraged minor-party candidates from filing for office (because they likely would not make the runoff ballot), I argue that the decline results from three other factors: (1) a long-run decline in the California Libertarian Party, (2) a legislature-driven increase in the filing fee required from minor-party candidates, and, most importantly, (3) party elites foregoing candidate recruitment in 2012.
The Hunting Behavior of Conventional Railway Trucks

A study of hunting, taking into account the non-linear effects, such as the intervention of the flanges, and the behaviour of the adhesion. The author shows the equations covering the system, in the case of two bogie-models, as well as the system of external forces applied, based on the interactions between the rail and the wheel tread, and the reactions of the flanges. The systems of equations were resolved by means of a computer. The author shows the conclusions reached, as a result of the calculations made, concerning the hunting frequencies, the riding stability, and the contacts between the flanges and the rail, which are different from those reached as a result of a study based on linear hypotheses. Reference is made in the bibliography to a number of basic studies of the subject.
Nitrogen-15 n.m.r. studies of 13C, 15N labeled arginine†

15N n.m.r. spectra of [13C-2, 3-15N2-guanidino]arginine and [13C, 15N2] urea were obtained in D2O and H2O at a variety of pH values both with and without proton decoupling. The effects of the proton exchange rate are readily observable in the proton coupled 15N spectra. When the guanidino group is deprotonated (pK = 12.5), the terminal nitrogens give a single resonance 6.6 ppm downfield of the protonated species, indicating a rapid tautomeric exchange. The observed NH and CN couplings are compared with calculated values, and good agreement is found for 1J(CN) using a Blizzard–Santry type calculation. The ramifications of the proton exchange on 15N n.m.r. spectra of amino acids and peptides are discussed.
The Megacorp and American capitalism: Eichner's theory and Munkir's analysis

Abstract The intent of this article is to explore the ramifications of the research done by John Munkirs concerning the interrelatedness of the industrial economy on the oligopoly theory of Alfred Eichner. Eichner proposed a theory with micro-foundations based upon oligopoly which includes a model firm, or “Megacorp,” based upon his ideas about the oligopolistic nature of the American economy. The assumptions which Eichner uses to build this Megacorp seem incongruous with the observations about the development of American Capitalism toward oligopoly made by Munkirs. Munkirs' work impacts Eichner's by throwing some doubt on his theoretical “megacorp's” ability to accurately represent the model firm in an oligopolistic industry when the assumptions which construct it and the theory concluded from it's use do not take the role of a private central planning body such as the CPC into account.
On codeword design in metric DNA spaces

Finding a large set of single DNA strands that do not crosshybridize to themselves and/or to their complements is an important problem in DNA computing, self-assembly, and DNA memories. We describe a theoretical framework to analyze this problem, gauge its computational difficulty, and provide nearly optimal solutions. In this framework, codeword design is reduced to finding large sets of strands maximaly separated in a DNA space and the size of such sets depends on the geometry of these metric spaces. We show that codeword design is NP-complete using any single reasonable measure that approximates the Gibbs energy, thus practically excluding the possibility of finding any procedure to find maximal sets efficiently. Second, we extend a technique known as shuffling to provide a construction that yields provably nearly-maximal codes. Third, we propose a filtering process that removes strands creating pairs with low Gibbs energies, as approximated by the nearest-neighbor model. These two steps produce large codes of thermodynamic high quality. The proposed framework can be used to gain an understanding of the Gibbs energy landscapes for DNA strands on which much of DNA computing and self-assembly are based.
Ignition and Steady-State Current Drive Capability of INTOR Plasma*

The confinement capability of the INTOR plasma for achieving ignition and noninductively driven, Q > 5 steady-state operation has been assessed for various energy confinement scaling laws and curre...
Minimizing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals Using Convex Optimization

The main disadvantage of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high time-domain peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) that limits transmitter power efficiency. Assuming no changes in receiver structure, the transmitter can only reduce PAR by distorting the data carriers or by adding power to the free carriers. This paper shows that the OFDM signal with globally minimum PAR, subject to constraints on the allowed constellation error and the free carrier power, can be efficiently computed using convex optimization. Simulation results are presented for the 802.11a/g wireless local-area network standard. The globally minimum PAR, subject to the constellation error constraint, ranges from 0.7 dB for 6-Mbps binary phase-shift keying to 4.1 dB for 54-Mbps 64-QAM. Tradeoff analysis shows that the free carrier power can be drastically reduced by backing off from this globally minimum PAR by less than 1 dB. A customized interior-point method (IPM) is derived for solving the OFDM optimization problem. The IPM reaches the desired tradeoff between PAR and free carrier power within two iterations, where the main computational complexity per iteration is four fast Fourier transforms plus the solution of a linear system of equations. The customized IPM is about 100 times faster than a general-purpose optimization algorithm
Time-Dependent Utility in Activity and Travel Choice Behavior

This study explores how an individual might view the utility of alternate courses of action throughout the day. Its novel proposition is that utility for daily activity-travel alternatives is updated rather than accumulated. As the day progresses, the utility attached to various activities is updated for reasons of need, satiation, and various idiosyncratic associations with time, such as business hours, darkness, and cultural norms. Dynamic choice models are developed for individual activity-travel patterns and it is shown how time-dependent utility may be represented. The model system is being developed for the Portland, Oregon, region as part of a new activity-based travel demand forecasting system. Dynamic components of the model include time-dependent choices of activity episodes and their duration, locations, and travel modes. Results are presented of the next-activity-choice model component, which subsumes both activity frequency and duration in its specification.
Discovery of a Tight Correlation between Pulse Lag/Luminosity and Jet-Break Times: A Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Afterglow Properties

A correlation is presented between the pulse lag and the jet-break time for seven BATSE gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first known direct tight correlation between a property of the gamma-ray burst phase (the pulse lag) and the afterglow phase (the jet-break time). As pulse lag and luminosity have been found to be correlated, this also represents a correlation between peak luminosity and jet-break time. Observed timescales (variability or spectral lags), as well as peak luminosity, naturally have a strong dependence on the Lorentz factor of the outflow, so we propose that much of the variety among GRBs has a purely kinematic origin (the speed or direction of the outflow). We explore a model in which the variation among GRBs is due to a variation in jet opening angles and find that the narrowest jets have the fastest outflows. We also explore models in which the jets have similar morphology and size, and the variation among bursts is caused by variations in viewing angles and/or due to velocity profiles. The relations between luminosity, variability, spectral lag, and jet-break time can be qualitatively understood from models in which the Lorentz factor decreases as a function of angle from the jet axis. One expects to see high luminosities, short pulse lags, and high variability as well as an early jet-break time for bursts viewed on-axis, while higher viewing inclinations will yield lower luminosities, longer pulse lags, smoother bursts, and later jet-break times.
Screening of matrices and fibers for reinforced thermoplastics intended for dental applications

Plastic reinforced with continuous fibers (FRC) are being developed for dental applications, such as prosthodontic frameworks and orthodontic retainers. Flexure properties, stress relaxation and hydrolytic stability of FRC based on six thermoplastic matrices, three types of fibers, and three fiber volume fractions were evaluated. Samples with clinically relevant dimensions were tested. Polycarbonate was the preferred matrix material. Polycarbonate reinforced with 42 volume percent glass fibers exhibited the highest combination of flexure modulus (17.9 ± 2.6 GPa), flexure strength (426 ± 40 MPa), reinforcing efficiency (0.79), and resistance to stress relaxation. No statistically significant difference was observed between E and S2 glass reinforced composites under the experimental conditions used. Kevlar reinforced materials exhibited a low flexure modulus and strength. The apparent flexure moduli of all composites decreased with span length in the range of clinical interest. Generally, the prevalent mode of failure for all FRC investigated was brittle failur under flexure loading. Relatively large sample-to-sample variation in both composition and properties indicated that improved fabrication methods will be needed in future studies. The combination of good flexure properties, formability, and translucency suggests that novel appliance designs for dentistry are feasible with FRC, but further studies of its properties and particularly the effects of fiber/ matrix interfacial quality are needed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Temperature and Kinematics of C IV Absorption Systems

We use Keck HIRES spectra of three intermediate-redshift QSOs to study the physical state and kinematics of the individual components of C IV-selected heavy-element absorption systems. Fewer than 8% of all C IV lines with column densities greater than 1012.5 cm-2 have Doppler parameters b < 6 km s-1. A formal decomposition into thermal and nonthermal motion using the simultaneous presence of Si IV gives a mean thermal Doppler parameter btherm(C IV) = 7.2 km s-1, corresponding to a temperature of 3.8 × 104 K, although temperatures possibly in excess of 3 × 105 K occur occasionally. We also find tentative evidence for a mild increase of temperature with H I column density. Nonthermal motions within components are typically small (<10 km s-1) for most systems, indicative of a quiescent environment. The two-point correlation function (TPCF) of C IV systems on scales up to 500 km s-1 suggests that there is more than one source of velocity dispersion. The shape of the TPCF can be understood if the C IV systems are caused by ensembles of objects with the kinematics of dwarf galaxies on a small scale, while following the Hubble flow on a larger scale. Individual high-redshift C IV components may be the building blocks of future normal galaxies in a hierarchical structure formation scenario.
Use it or lose it: Examining preschoolers’ difficulty in maintaining and executing a goal

Individuals with low working memory capacity (e.g. preschoolers) are more prone to goal neglect, or a failure to execute a goal even though it is understood. We examined the role of goal neglect in performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort by including ‘redundant’ cards that could be sorted without attending to the rules, as well as the traditional ‘conflict’ cards that encouraged awareness of the rules. In Experiment 1, 4- and 5-year-old children were administered two card sorts that differed on the proportion of redundant cards presented (20% vs. 80%). Children neglected the goal more often when faced with a preponderance of redundant cards, suggesting that consistent attention to the rules leads to goal maintenance. In Experiment 2, results were replicated even when the post-switch rules were repeated on every trial. Implications for the development of working memory are discussed.
A comparison of the catalytic partial oxidation of C1 to C16 normal paraffins

The catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of C1 through C16 normal alkanes is examined on Pt and Rh-coated α-Al2O3 ceramic foam supports. New data for heavy liquid fuels (≥ C6) are combined with previously reported data for lighter hydrocarbons to explore the effects of reactant fuel molecular weight, catalyst metal, and support structure on the CPO of normal paraffins. These results show that, independent of catalyst metal and support geometry, fuel conversion and the total selectivity to olefin products increase with increasing chain length of the reacting fuel. Conversely, the selectivities of H2 and CO decrease with increasing molecular weight of the reacting fuel. Pt catalysts generate higher selectivities to ethylene and other olefins than Rh catalysts, but Rh is the better catalyst for synthesis gas (H2 + CO) production. Catalyst supports with lower internal surface area to volume ratio produce lower selectivities of H2 and CO and higher selectivities of H2O, ethylene, and other olefins than high surface area to volume catalysts. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (Au/sup +/MWCNT) for electrical interconnection and reduction of microelectronic corrosion

Electro-migration and galvanic corrosion can be associated with subsystem degradation over time. In this investigation electro-migration (Ni/sup 2+/, Cu/sup 2+/, Pb/sup 2+//Sn/sup 2+/) and galvanic corrosion was identified as occurring on plated subsystem microelectronic surfaces. An intensive surface study was undertaken to characterize and identify microelectronic contaminants, migrated ions and oxides. Multi-layer microelectronic test vehicles were prepared using electrolytic (10-20V DC, 2amp bias) ion deposition, and were surface characterized by SEM, EDS, Optical microscopy, and electrical THB testing to identify and quantify subsystem plating thickness, electro-migration, interstitial cracking, and galvanic corrosion sites. Test vehicle surface plating thickness was measured and ranged from 66-161 micro-inches. Bulk conductivity measurements revealed pre and post humidity exposure resistances of 0.5 - 0.8 ohms, and 1.6 - 0.8 ohms respectively. Two novel electrically conductive MWCNTs with Au/sup +/ metallic composition were identified as a potential higher conductivity electrical interconnection medium and deterrent for the formation of molecular electromigration and microscopic localized galvanic corrosion.
Is a Change in the Renminbi Exchange Rate in China's Interest?

This paper reviews the controversy over China's exchange rate regime. Placing the issue in the context of the literature on exit strategies, it argues that the best time for China to exit from its peg is now while capital is flowing in and there is a tendency for the rate to appreciate. In contrast, waiting to exit until sentiment has turned around would be problematic. In addition, moving now to a managed float would help the Chinese authorities to gain better control of domestic credit conditions. The principal objections to this recommendation (viz., the banking system is weak, many state enterprises are loss making, and the capital account is not sufficiently open) are unconvincing. Finally, the impact on other countries is likely to be more complex and varied than suggested by other analyses.
The Use and Abuse of Sir Karl Popper

Karl Popper has been one of the few philosophers of sciences who has influenced scientists. I evaluate Popper's influence on our understanding of evolutionary theory from his earliest publications to the present. Popper concluded that three sorts of statements in evolutionary biology are not genuine laws of nature. I take him to be right on this score. Popper's later distinction between evolutionary theory as a metaphysical research program and as a scientific theory led more than one scientist to misunderstand his position on evolutionary theory as a scientific theory. In his later work Popper also introduced what he took to be “improvements” of evolutionary theory. Thus far these improvements have had almost no influence on evolutionary biology. I conclude by examining the influence of Popper on the reception of cladistic analysis.
A double meander PIFA with a parasitic metal box for wideband 4G mobile phones

A novel double meander PIFA with a parasitic metal box is proposed which can operate from 698 MHz to 960 MHz and is suitable for multimedia and voice communication in 4G mobile phones. A metal box in the vicinity of the PIFA is placed to improve the bandwidth and shift the operating frequency band lower. The antenna has good radiation pattern coverage over the whole frequency band and the cross polarization level is below −15 dB.
Handwritten text segmentation using average longest path algorithm

Offline handwritten text recognition is a very challenging problem. Aside from the large variation of different handwriting styles, neighboring characters within a word are usually connected, and we may need to segment a word into individual characters for accurate character recognition. Many existing methods achieve text segmentation by evaluating the local stroke geometry and imposing constraints on the size of each resulting character, such as the character width, height and aspect ratio. These constraints are well suited for printed texts, but may not hold for handwritten texts. Other methods apply holistic approach by using a set of lexicons to guide and correct the segmentation and recognition. This approach may fail when the lexicon domain is insufficient. In this paper, we present a new global non-holistic method for handwritten text segmentation, which does not make any limiting assumptions on the character size and the number of characters in a word. Specifically, the proposed method finds the text segmentation with the maximum average likeliness for the resulting characters. For this purpose, we use a graph model that describes the possible locations for segmenting neighboring characters, and we then develop an average longest path algorithm to identify the globally optimal segmentation. We conduct experiments on real images of handwritten texts taken from the IAM handwriting database and compare the performance of the proposed method against an existing text segmentation algorithm that uses dynamic programming.
Detection of Renal Artery Stenosis by Duplex and Color Flow Doppler

This paper discusses the scan protocol of the abdominal arteries, describes the Doppler velocity variations observed in patients with renovascular disease, and correlates renal artery stenoses of > 60, 85, and 99% with arteriography. Ninety-two duplex deep Doppler scans with velocity and waveform analysis of 139 renal arteries were performed with a total of 77 patients studied. Deep Doppler studies of 72 renal arteries were correlated with 47 renal arteriograms. A renal artery stenosis, RAS, >60% was diagnosed by measuring velocities at the renal artery origins and observing distal renal artery waveform characteristics (normal, resistant, or delayed). The conclusion of this study is that deep Doppler of the renal arteries can play an important role in the line of testing procedures for diagnosing renovascular disease. The results for detecting a renal artery stenosis, RAS, greater than 60% against the gold standard of renal arteriography is 78% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 84% accuracy, and 61% prevalenc...
Incidence of lymph node and ovarian metastases in leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of lymph node and ovarian metastases in newly diagnosed uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and to describe possible predictive factors. Patients/methods We used our prospectively acquired databases to identify 275 consecutive patients with uterine LMS treated from 7/82 to 12/01. Patients were included if there was clear documentation of lymph nodes and/or ovarian tissue in the pathologic reports. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis using the Fisher exact test was used to determine prognostic factors. Results There were 108 patients (39.2%) identified in whom an oophorectomy and 37 patients (13.5%) in whom lymph node sampling was performed as part of the initial surgical management of uterine LMS. Bilateral oophorectomy was performed in 102 (94.4%) of the 108 patients. The median numbers of pelvic, para-aortic, and total lymph nodes acquired were 5 (range, 1–27), 3 (range, 1–9), and 6 (range, 1–34), respectively. Ovarian metastases were found in 4 (3.9%) out of 108 patients. Two (2.8%) of the 71 patients with disease confined to the uterus and/or cervix (stage I/II) and 2 (5.4%) of the 37 patients with gross extrauterine disease had ovarian metastases ( P = 0.43). Positive lymph nodes were seen in 3 (8.1%) of 37 patients. No patients with stage I/II disease had positive lymph nodes ( P = 0.015). None of the factors analyzed predicted for metastases to the ovary. Only the presence or absence of gross extrauterine disease correlated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, all three of these cases had clinically suspicious (enlarged) lymph nodes. Conclusion The incidence of ovarian and lymph node metastases in uterine LMS is very low and is most commonly associated with extrauterine disease. Lymph node dissection for uterine LMS should be reserved for patients with clinically suspicious nodes.
Teaching mobile app software development is a challenge! (abstract only)

Teaching a mobile device software development course is very different from teaching a CS1, CS2, or advanced programming class. In a traditional software development class the target computer (on which the software being developed is to run) is a laptop or desktop computer. In a mobile device software development course, the target computer is a smartphone or tablet that has a large number of features (web access, a camera, GPS, a gyroscope, media display, etc.) that can be controlled by software. The material that must be covered in such as course is so broad that new approaches to delivering course content must be used. This poster describes the overall method by which we have taught such a course. We describe four challenges: (1) The content is new and constantly changing. (2) The material to be covered is very broad and includes diverse components. (3) The course requires that the students understand databases design and implementation, topics often taken in the final year of the curriculum and too late for this course. (4) Finally, finding meaningful course projects is difficult and we benefit greatly from a program such as Clemson's Creative Inquiry Undergraduate Research Program. We explain how we address each of these challenges and describe the structure of the course in detail. We conclude with the results we have produced over the past five years, evaluation by students, and successes students have achieved. We also demonstrate both iOS and Android apps that have been developed through this course.
Effect of Polymeric Coatings on Strength of Soda-Lime Glass

The effectiveness of polymeric coatings (acrylic, epoxy, and silicone) in preventing stress corrosion was determined by measuring the loading rate sensitivity of bend strength for coated, abraded and acid-polished soda-lime glass. The coatings were found to limit the availability of water to the glass surface and, thereby, cause an increase in the strength of abraded glass. The coatings also significantly improved the mechanical abrasion resistance of the acid-polished glass. However, the coatings did not eliminate the stress corrosion reaction between water and the glass surface and, hence, did not affect the sensitivity of glass strength to loading rate. During our testing program, it became evident that significant friction can arise during the bending test due to the supports “digging” into the coatings. Therefore, the differential equations governing beam deflection in four-point bending were solved to include frictional forces between the test samples and the supports. The results of the bending analysis showed that frictional forces become significant at large deflections and can cause an increase in the observed strength.
Multiple paternity and female sperm usage along egg-case strings of the knobbed whelk, Busycon carica (Mollusca; Melongenidae)

We used genotypic data from three highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (two autosomal and one sex-linked) to examine micro-spatial and temporal arrangements of genetic paternity for more than 1,500 embryos housed along 12 egg-case strings of the knobbed whelk, Busycon carica. Multiple paternity proved to be the norm in these single-dam families, with genetic contributions of several sires (at least 3.5 on average) being represented among embryos within individual egg capsules as well as along the string. Two strings were studied in much greater detail; five and seven fathers were identified, none of which was among the several males found in consort with the female at her time of egg-laying. Each deduced sire had fathered roughly constant proportions of embryos along most of the string, but those proportions differed consistently among fathers. A few significant paternity shifts at specifiable positions along an egg-case string were also observed. Although the precise physical mechanisms inside a female whelk’s reproductive tract remain unknown, our genetic findings indicate that successive fertilization events (and/or depositions of zygotes into egg capsules) normally occur as near-random draws from a well-but-not-perfectly blended pool of gametes (or zygotes) stemming from stored ejaculates, perhaps in different titers, of a dam’s several mates.
Persons Successful at Long-term Weight Loss and Maintenance Continue to Consume a Low-energy, Low-fat Diet

Abstract Objectives To describe the dietary intakes of persons who successfully maintained weight loss and to determine if differences exist between those who lost weight on their own vs those who received assistance with weight loss (eg, participated in a commercial or self-help program or were seen individually by a dietitian). Intakes of selected nutrients were also compared with data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Subjects Subjects were 355 women and 83 men, aged 18 years or older, primarily white, who had maintained a weight loss of at least 13.6kg for at least 1 year, and were the initial enrollees in the ongoing National Weight Control Registry. On average, the participants had lost 30kg and maintained the weight loss for 5.1 years. Methods A cross-sectional study in which subjects in the registry completed demographic and weight history questionnaires as well as the Health Habits and History Questionnaire developed by Block et al. Subjects' dietary intake data were compared with that of similarly aged men and women in the NHANES III cohort and to the RDAs. Adequacy of the diet was assessed by comparing the intake of selected nutrients (iron; calcium; and vitamins C, A, and E) in subjects who lost weight on their own or with assistance. Results Successful maintainers of weight loss reported continued consumption of a low-energy and low-fat diet. Women in the registry reported eating an average of 1,306kcal/day (24.3% of energy from fat); men reported consuming 1,685kcal (23.5% of energy from fat). Subjects in the registry reported consuming less energy and a lower percentage of energy from fat than NHANES III subjects did. Subjects who lost weight on their own did not differ from those who lost weight with assistance in regards to energy intake, percent of energy from fat, or intake of selected nutrients (iron; calcium; and vitamins C, A, and E). In addition, subjects who lost weight on their own and those who lost weight with assistance met the RDAs for calcium and vitamins C, A, and E for persons aged 25 years or older. Applications Because continued consumption of a low-fat, low-energy diet may be necessary for long-term weight control, persons who have successfully lost weight should be encouraged to maintain such a diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:408–413 .
Influence of spatial positioning within stream networks on fish assemblage structure in the Kansas River basin, USA

We found that riverine confluences had localized effects (within 20 km) on stream fish assemblages of the Kansas River basin. The majority of variation in fish assemblages occurred from east to west and along a stream size gradient. After controlling for the influences of longitude and stream size, distance of sample sites from streams ≥ 5th order accounted for a small proportion of taxonomic variability. However, species richness was significantly higher and assemblage structure was different in tributary stream segments directly connected to larger-ordered streams, suggesting that the effects of spatial position within this stream network were greatest in close proximity to tributary–mainstem confluences. Fish collections from three intensively sampled tributaries also indicated an abrupt change in species assemblages between mainstem river sites and tributary sample sites above confluences, followed by a gradual taxonomic change with increasing distance up to 20 km from the confluence. Changes in fish ...
Resilience of Pacific pelagic fish across the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction

The Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction caused ecosystem upheaval. Fish abundance data from the Tethys Sea and the Pacific Ocean indicate heterogeneity in the extinction and recovery, with greater resilience in the Pacific.
Adolescent Susceptibility to Peer Influence in Sexual Situations

Abstract Purpose One consistent predictor of adolescents' engagement in sexual risk behavior is their belief that peers are engaging in similar behavior; however, not all youth are equally susceptible to these peer influence effects. Understanding individual differences in susceptibility to peer influence is critical to identifying adolescents at risk for negative health outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify predictors of susceptibility to peer influence using a novel performance-based measure of sexual risk taking. Methods Participants were 300 early adolescents ( M age = 12.6 years; 53% female; 44% Caucasian) who completed (1) a pretest assessment of demographics, sexual attitudes, and hypothetical scenarios measuring the likelihood of engaging in sexual risk behavior and (2) a subsequent experimental procedure that simulated an Internet chat room in which youth believed that they were communicating with peers regarding these same hypothetical scenarios. In reality, these "peers" were computer-programmed e-confederates. Changes in responses to the sexual scenarios in the private pretest versus during the public chat room provided a performance-based measure of peer influence susceptibility. Results In total, 78% of youth provided more risky responses in the chat room than those in pretest. The most robust predictor of this change was gender, with boys significantly more susceptible to peer influence than girls. Significant interactions also were noted, with greater susceptibility among boys with later pubertal development and African-American boys. Conclusions Results confirm that not all youth are equally susceptible to peer influence. Consistent with sexual script theory, boys evidence greater susceptibility to social pressure regarding sexual behavior than girls.
Societal factors impacting child welfare: Re-validating the Perceptions of Child Welfare Scale

Abstract Objective This research examines the psychometric properties of the Perceptions of Child Welfare Scale (PCWS) by seeking to understand the differences between workers' perceptions of how society views them based upon job title by revalidating the PCWS with a sample of administrators and clinicians. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to analyze data on 165 administrators and 153 clinical child welfare workers. Results The final model consisted of three latent variables with ten indicators related to stigma, value, and respect ([ X 2 ] = 167.6, [ p ] = 0.00; [RMSEA] = 0.07; 90% [CI]: 0.06–0.09; [CFI] = 0.95; [TLI] = 0.95). Discussion The factors found in the previous study were confirmed using an entirely different sample of child welfare workers. The factors value , stigma , and respect were confirmed across the sample based upon whether the workers were administrators or clinicians. This provides reassurance that measuring how workers perceive they are viewed by those outside the child welfare system does not vary based upon job title.
Authentication and Naming

My original title for this talk was going to be why IPSec doesn’t work, and I started out writing this. Then I realised that what I was going to talk about was far more general than just fiddling about with one particular network layer encryption protocol. In fact there is a general problem that I’m starting to see in lots of protocols all over the place, which indeed is related to some of the things Dieter was talking about earlier. And so what I really want to talk about is authentication and naming.
Predicate Answer Set Programming with Coinduction

We introduce negation into coinductive logic programming (co-LP) via what we term Coinductive SLDNF (co-SLDNF ) resolution. We present declarative and operational semantics of co-SLDNF resolution and present their equivalence under the restriction of rationality and its applications. We apply co-LP with co-SLDNF resolution to Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP is a powerful programming paradigm for performing nonmonotonic reasoning within logic programming. The current state of ASP solvers has been restricted to “grounded range-restricted function-free normal programs”, with a “bottom-up” evaluation strategy (that is, not goal-driven) until now. The introduction of co-LP with co-SLDNF resolution has enabled the development of top-down goal evaluation strategies for ASP. We present a novel and innovative approach to solving ASP programs with co-LP. Our method eliminates the need for grounding, allows functions, and effectively handles a large class of predicate ASP programs including possibly infinite ASP programs. Moreover, it is goal-directed and top-down execution method that provides an innovative and attractive alternative to current ASP solver technology.
Numerical Solution of Jump-Diffusion SDEs

This paper develops, analyzes and tests a discretization scheme for jump-diffusion processes with general state-dependent drift, volatility, jump intensity, and jump size. The scheme allows for an unbounded jump intensity, a feature of many standard jump-diffusion models in finance, economics, and other disciplines. It constructs the jump times as time-changed Poisson arrival times, and generates the process between the jump epochs using Euler discretization. Under technical conditions on the coefficient functions of the jump-diffusion, the convergence of the discretization error is proved to be of weak order arbitrarily close to one. The use of higher-order methods between jumps does generally not improve the weak order of convergence. Extensions to point processes driven by jump-diffusions are provided. Numerical experiments illustrate the results.
Accelerated Forest Pest Research and Development Program—A New Approach

The use of program management techniques to administer the accelerated CFPP proved effective in many areas. The utilization of such techniques, however, reveals that success is contingent on the careful selection and organization of key members of the program management team and on thoughtful preprogram planning. Some difficulties for scientists may arise because of stringent accountability and redirection of their research efforts. At the program's end, the means must be found to continue promising but incomplete research. The generally favorable results of the CFPP should persuade USDA policy makers to continue the use and extension of program management techniques.
Circular Coordinates and Computer Drawn Designs

(1979). Circular Coordinates and Computer Drawn Designs. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 175-178.
Correlates of Current Smoking Among Malaysian Secondary School Children

Cigarette smoking in adolescent is a significant public health problem, leading to the risk of addiction, morbidity, and mortality in the long term. This study determined the prevalence and correlates of current smoking among adolescent school children. A nationwide school-based survey among 25 507 students between Forms 1 to 5 (aged 12-17) was conducted using a 2-stage cluster sampling design. The prevalence of current smoking was 11.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that current smoking was significantly associated with males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87, 4.98), current drinking (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.46, 3.74), drug used (aOR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.24, 7.11), and being bullied (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.98) at least once in the past 12 months. Smoking is associated with several behaviors that pose risks to adolescents, such as social issues and smoking-related health problems. Thus, early and integrated prevention programs that address mul...
New Genus and Species of Erythraeinae (Acari: Erythraeidae) from Mississippi with a Key to the Genera of North American Erythraeidae

A new genus and species of Erythraeinae (Acari: Parasitengona: Erythraeidae) is described from larvae parasitizing Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and other arthropods in Mississippi. The active postlarval instars (deutonymph and adult male and female) are described from reared individuals. Bochartia shirleyanneae McDaniel and Bolen and Erythraeus whitcombi Smiley are transferred to the new genus. Paraphanolophus Smiley is transferred from the Smarididae to the Erythraeinae. The terminology of Grandjean is reapplied to the Erythraeidae. A key to the active instars of North American Erythraeidae is provided.