cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity

A yeast two-hybrid screen was utilized to identify novel Smad 3 binding proteins expressed in developing mouse orofacial tissue. Three proteins (Erbin, Par-3, and Dishevelled) were identified that share several similar structural and functional characteristics. Each contains at least one PDZ domain and all have been demonstrated to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. In GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down assays, Erbin, Par-3, and Dishevelled bound strongly to the isolated MH2 domain of Smad 3, with weaker binding to a full-length Smad 3 protein. Failure of Erbin, Par-3, and Dishevelled to bind to a Smad 3 mutant protein that was missing the MH2 domain confirms that the binding site resides within the MH2 domain. Erbin, Par-3, and Dishevelled also interacted with the MH2 domains of other Smads, suggesting broad Smad binding specificity. Dishevelled and Erbin mutant proteins, in which the PDZ domain was removed, still retained their ability to bind Smad 3, albeit with lower affinity. While transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) has been suggested to alter cell polarity through a Smad-independent mechanism involving activation of members of the RhoA family of GTP binding proteins, the observation that Smads can directly interact with proteins involved in cell polarity, as shown in the present report, suggests an additional means by which TGFβ could alter cell polarity via a Smad-dependent signaling mechanism.
Importance of the Farm Sector to the Economy: A Multiplier Approach

A mathematical model is presented, which uses a multiplier approach to determine the relation of farm income to total income in a community, state, or region. Application of the model to Kansas data for the years 1950 to 1966 showed (a) that, on the average, $1.00 of farm income generated $3.33 of total income, whereas $1.00 of nonfarm income generated only $1.46 of total income, (b) that the farm sector expended 88.4 percent of its income in the nonfarm sector, whereas the nonfarm sector expended only 10 percent of its income in the farm sector, and (c) that there was an increasing interdependence between the farm and nonfarm sectors from 1950 to 1966
Preventive Care for Patients With Chronic Illness Multivitamin Use in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Routine supplementation with multivitamins is recommended for all patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this study was to investigate how well patients at a large CF clinic follow recommendations for taking multivitamins and what factors affect use. A questionnaire was developed and sent to the 150 patients actively followed at our center. Of the 80 patients who returned the survey, only 47% followed clinic recommendations. Of those patients not taking extra supplements, serum vitamin A and E levels varied widely, although most were within the normal range (vitamin A 11 - 87 μg/dL, tocopherol 0.4 - 2.3 mg/dL, tocopherol/cholesterol 3.0 - 9.6 mg/g). Only 25% of respondents had known insurance coverage for vitamins. Gender or educational level did not affect adherence; however, those with minimal pulmonary disease (forced vital capacity [FVC] greater than 70% of predicted) were more likely to take vitamins than those with moderate or severe disease (P <.05) . In addition to malabsorption, poor ...
Ultrasound and MR Imaging of Fetal Neural Tube Defects

Neural tube defects are among the most common congenital anomalies in the United States, the three major types being anencephaly, cephalocele, and spina bifida. By far, most spina bifida cases are myelomeningoceles. Ultrasound plays an important role in the detection and evaluation of these defects. Anencephaly has a characteristic appearance of lack of ossified skull above the orbits, and can be diagnosed in the late first trimester. The spinal defect and brain findings associated with myelomeningocele are well detected by ultrasound, typically in the second trimester. The underlying brain findings in cases of encephalocele are particularly important, and MR imaging is often helpful in these cases. Careful anatomic survey and karyotype analysis are helpful in counseling patients who have a prenatal diagnosis of these defects.
Psychological, autonomic, and serotonergic correlates of parasuicide among adolescent girls

Although parasuicidal behavior in adolescence is poorly understood, evidence suggests that it may be a developmental precursor of borderline personality disorder ~BPD!. Current theories of both parasuicide and BPD suggest that emotion dysregulation is the primary precipitant of self-injury, which serves to dampen overwhelmingly negative affect. To date, however, no studies have assessed endophenotypic markers of emotional responding among parasuicidal adolescents. In the present study, we compare parasuicidal adolescent girls ~n 23! with age-matched controls ~n 23! on both psychological and physiological measures of emotion regulation and psychopathology. Adolescents, parents, and teachers completed questionnaires assessing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, substance use, trait affectivity, and histories of parasuicide. Psychophysiological measures including electrodermal responding ~EDR!, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and cardiac pre-ejection period ~PEP! were collected at baseline, during negative mood induction, and during recovery. Compared with controls, parasuicidal adolescents exhibited reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia ~RSA! at baseline, greater RSA reactivity during negative mood induction, and attenuated peripheral serotonin levels. No between-group differences on measures of PEP or EDR were found. These results lend further support to theories of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity in parasuicidal teenage girls.
High performance thermal vias in LTCC substrates

Increased power densities in devices are placing greater demands in system level thermal management. New developments in low temperature cofire ceramic (LTCC) have allowed the fabrication of high thermal conductivity via arrays. New materials, including unloaded via inks and cofire Ag tape, allow the development of thermal via structure with effective thermal conductivities exceeding 250 W/m/spl deg/K. To accurately predict the thermal performance, the value of thermal conductivity must be known. Thermal conductivity has been measured by flash diffusivity for a number of commercially available LTCC ceramics and via fill materials, with the via materials approaching 300 W/m/spl deg/K.
Vulnerability and the Erosion of Seismic Culture in Mountainous Central Asia

Abstract Vulnerability to earthquake disasters in mountainous regions frequently escapes investigation and analysis. The tragic and costly earthquake disasters that have recently occurred in Central Asia have spurred important spurred important questions among local, regional, and international policymakers, scientists, and social activists regarding the root causes of earthquake vulnerability. Drawing on an analysis of recent earthquake disasters in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, this article explores the concept of “seismic culture” (Degg and Homan 2005) in relation to vulnerability. Specifically, it argues that diminishing levels of indigenous hazard knowledge, demographic shifts, gendered livelihood transformations, and the lack of public access to science-based earthquake information have contributed to overall low levels of seismic cultures of prevention in the region. A major finding of the study points to the particular role of women in helping to redress the erosion of seismic...
Comparative assessment of Yale Single Question and Beck Depression Inventory Scale in screening for depression in multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To examine if depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be accurately recognized using the Yale Single Q uestion (YSQ) screen as compared with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a 21-item self-report rating scale for depression. In addition, we sought to assess the sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) of the YSQ. Background:Depression associated with MS is a major contributo r to morbidity. Screening for depression in patients with MS currently includes the BD1, which measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. However, in a busy outpatient clinic, the BDI might not be the most appro priate instrument, particularly if depression screening can be assessed accurately using simpler techniques that are easy to administer and consume less time. We compared the accuracy of the YSQ screen response against the BDI to screen for depression in MS patients, in an outpatient setting. Methods: This is a comparative outcome...
Tropical Cyclogenesis via Convectively Forced Vortex Rossby Waves in a Three-Dimensional Quasigeostrophic Model

Abstract This work investigates the problem of tropical cyclogenesis in three dimensions. In particular, the authors examine the interaction of small-scale convective disturbances with a larger-scale vortex circulation in a nonlinear quasigeostrophic balance model. Convective forcing is parameterized by its estimated net effect on the potential vorticity (PV) field. Idealized numerical experiments show that vortex intensification proceeds by ingestion of like-sign potential vorticity anomalies into the parent vortex and expulsion of opposite-sign potential vorticity anomalies during the axisymmetrization process. For the finite-amplitude forcing considered here, the weakly nonlinear vortex Rossby wave mean-flow predictions for the magnitude and location of the spinup are in good agreement with the model results. Vortex development is analyzed using Lagrangian trajectories, Eliassen–Palm flux vectors, and the Lorenz energy cycle. Using numerical estimates of the magnitude of PV injection based on previous ...
Current Literature Summary: Review of High-Fidelity Simulation in Professional Education

Simulation has been used by the military, aviation, industry, and increasingly in the health care professions as a means to conduct training, evaluation, and research. More than just a technology, however, simulation is a technique used to replicate real-world experiences in an immersive environment and in a fully interactive format. The most critical issue in any type of training or learning environment is how well learning transfers from the training setting to the performance setting in the real world. High-fidelity simulation-based training has become increasingly popular because it allows for repeated instruction and practice in the health professions without risk to actual patients and does so in a manner that can be made to replicate the real-world setting. A growing body of research suggests that simulation is an effective tool for educating health care professionals. We will deviate from the usual format of this column to present an editorial describing the evolution and adoption of high-fidelity simulation in different professional education and certification programs. This editorial will also discuss how high-fidelity simulation may be applicable to athletic training education, research, and practice.
A Simplified Approach: Teaching PERT with Ease and without Drawing Networks

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) has been widely used in all industries and taught in Project Management courses for more than 50 years. Hall, N.G. (2015, p. 945) points out: “The practice of Project Management has expanded exponentially in the last 15 years,” but this rapid development has not been matched “by a corresponding increase either in research activities, or in the training of academic researchers in project management. The mismatch is creating significant opportunities for academic research management…” This paper provides two tips for teaching PERT for the Project Management or Operations-Management courses: 1) the proposed simplified formulas which can be used in classrooms effectively since they do not require division or truncation when calculating the expected duration and variance. The formulas not only simplifies the calculations, but also generates more accurate results (demonstrated through simulations) than the traditional approach of using truncated estimations; and 2) An approach to finding critical and non-critical activities without drawing a network chart so that a relatively large project can be efficiently demonstrated in a classroom setting. The paper demonstrates that by using only a table and avoiding the graphical presentation of a complicated network diagram, instructors can show relatively larger projects on blackboards and students, particularly those who prefer logic table calculations to drawing graphical networks, can better understand and master the PERT technique.
Mobility tracking and traffic characterization for efficient wireless internet access

In a wireless communications network, the movement of mobile users presents a scenario of access to the Internet that is substantially different from the wired network. Requests for content issued by a mobile user depend on its mobile state (e.g., location, velocity and direction). We employ a semi-Markov process representation to construct a model that characterizes mobile user behavior in a general state-space. The states of a mobile user can then be estimated and tracked by using an algorithm for parameter estimation of a general Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM). Dynamic behavior of the aggregate request rate can also be characterized. Finally, we show how the tracking model and the request model can be applied to prefetch Web content for each mobile user for efficient wireless Internet access.
Mapping Epikarst in the Arbuckle‐Simpson Aquifer, South‐Central Oklahoma, Using Helicopter Electromagnetic Survey Data

The U.S. Geological Survey has been actively using helicopter electromagnetic surveys over karstic aquifers as part of on-going research to aid in the creation of highly detailed three-dimensional geologic models. The geologic models are the basis for understanding the geohydrologic framework of the aquifers, and they provide essential information needed for groundwater models used to manage an increasingly important resource. As part of this research, the USGS has developed and applied methods for mapping epikarst, which plays an important role in groundwater recharge. A case study in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in south-central Oklahoma is presented here. Introduction An airborne electromagnetic/magnetic survey was flown by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2007 over four areas of interest (blocks A-D) located in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer area of the Hunton anticline in south-central Oklahoma (fig. 1). Survey coverage consisted of approximately 770.3 line-km, including 79.2 line-km of tie lines. The application of airborne electromagnetic surveys for ground-water mapping in karst environments has been described by Smith, Smith, and Blome (2008). This presentation summarizes the results of an interpretative of an report to the Oklahoma Water Resources Board by Smith and others, 2009. The objective of this survey (as is the case for all airborne electromagnetic methods) was to provide a detailed, densely sampled distribution of electrical resistivity with depth from ground surface to depths of 100–150 m. The correlation of resistivity with lithostratigraphic units improves our understanding of subsurface geology in a more efficient way than would be possible with drillholes or ground-based surveys. Lateral changes in earth resistivity can be correlated with structural features (faults) and geologic contacts.
Multiple immunoreactive molecular forms of parathyroid hormone in human serum. 1.

SummarySera from patients with various forms of hyperparathyroidism were concentrated and fractionated on Bio-gel P-10 columns. Eluted fractions were assayed for immunoreactive PTH. In addition to ...
Theoretical Aspects of a Liquid Chromatographic Gas-Phase Interface

Dissolution et concentration des gaz pour analyse. Estimation des parametres intervenant sur ces phenomenes
Sea Star Wasting Disease in the Keystone Predator Pisaster ochraceus in Oregon: Insights into Differential Population Impacts, Recovery, Predation Rate, and Temperature Effects from Long-Term Research

Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) first appeared in Oregon in April 2014, and by June had spread to most of the coast. Although delayed compared to areas to the north and south, SSWD was initially most intense in north and central Oregon and spread southward. Up to 90% of individuals showed signs of disease from June-August 2014. In rocky intertidal habitats, populations of the dominant sea star Pisaster ochraceus were rapidly depleted, with magnitudes of decline in density among sites ranging from -2x to -9x (59 to 84%) and of biomass from -2.6x to -15.8x (60 to 90%) by September 2014. The frequency of symptomatic individuals declined over winter and persisted at a low rate through the spring and summer 2015 (~5–15%, at most sites) and into fall 2015. Disease expression included six symptoms: initially with twisting arms, then deflation and/or lesions, lost arms, losing grip on substrate, and final disintegration. SSWD was disproportionally higher in orange individuals, and higher in tidepools. Although historically P. ochraceus recruitment has been low, from fall 2014 to spring 2015 an unprecedented surge of sea star recruitment occurred at all sites, ranging from ~7x to 300x greater than in 2014. The loss of adult and juvenile individuals in 2014 led to a dramatic decline in predation rate on mussels compared to the previous two decades. A proximate cause of wasting was likely the “Sea Star associated Densovirus” (SSaDV), but the ultimate factors triggering the epidemic, if any, remain unclear. Although warm temperature has been proposed as a possible trigger, SSWD in Oregon populations increased with cool temperatures. Since P. ochraceus is a keystone predator that can strongly influence the biodiversity and community structure of the intertidal community, major community-level responses to the disease are expected. However, predicting the specific impacts and time course of change across west coast meta-communities is difficult, suggesting the need for detailed coast-wide investigation of the effects of this outbreak.
Expression and Function of Histone Deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) in B Cell Malignancies

Histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) belongs to the class IIb HDAC family and its biological role remains mostly unidentified. A decreased HDAC10 expression has been reported in patients with aggressive solid tumors (Osada et al. Int J Cancer 112: 26-32, 2004; Jin et al. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7: 5872-5879, 2014), suggesting that loss of HDAC10 expression might confer a survival advantage to malignant cells. Consequently, results from our lab suggests that overexpression of HDAC10 in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Z138c and MEC1 cells, respectively, resulted in a rapid induction of cell death in vitro with only 5 % of cells being alive at 48 h, cell cycle arrest, and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules. Here we present several standard methods to study the function of HDAC10 in B cell malignancies.
Oscillations with Zero Mean

To many fluid dynamicists the term “oscillation” and perhaps the term “fluctuation” usually imply the random unsteady motion found in turbulence. In this monograph we shall reserve these terms for unsteady periodic motions, generated externally by virtue of some imposed disturbing mechanism. Such disturbances can be generated by fluctuation of the solid boundaries themselves or unsteadiness contained in the free stream. In this and the next chapter, we examine the mathematical models that describe the response of viscous laminar flows to such external disturbances. Unsteadiness appears mathematically in the boundary and initial conditions. The development therefore is totally foreign to the study of hydrodynamic instabilities and their eventual conversion to turbulence, phenomena that are generated and sustained with almost no external interference.
Relation to Quantum Mechanical Models and Phenomena

Differences and similarities between our neoclassical theory and quantum mechanics are discussed here. In particular, we discuss the size parameter of the free charge and its possible relation with observations in electron emission physics, nanoplasmonics and plasma physics.
Multi-Center Integrals from the General Expansion Formula Developed Previously for Slater Orbitals

Employing the general formula developed previously by the author for the expansion of a Slater type orbital from one center on to the other, the expressions for the two-center hybrid, Coulomb and exchange integrals and two-and three-center hyperfine interaction matrix elements have been presented. The derived hybrid and Coulomb integrals and two-center hyperfine interaction matrix elements have been obtained in closed forms. The importance of the formulas has been demonstrated by presenting calculations for Slater type orbitals involving s, p, d, f, g, h quantum numbers. The evaluation of general multi-center integrals using the expansion formula has been discussed.
Biocompatible and totally disintegrable semiconducting polymer for ultrathin and ultralightweight transient electronics

Increasing performance demands and shorter use lifetimes of consumer electronics have resulted in the rapid growth of electronic waste. Currently, consumer electronics are typically made with nondecomposable, nonbiocompatible, and sometimes even toxic materials, leading to serious ecological challenges worldwide. Here, we report an example of totally disintegrable and biocompatible semiconducting polymers for thin-film transistors. The polymer consists of reversible imine bonds and building blocks that can be easily decomposed under mild acidic conditions. In addition, an ultrathin (800-nm) biodegradable cellulose substrate with high chemical and thermal stability is developed. Coupled with iron electrodes, we have successfully fabricated fully disintegrable and biocompatible polymer transistors. Furthermore, disintegrable and biocompatible pseudo-complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) flexible circuits are demonstrated. These flexible circuits are ultrathin ( 2 ) with low operating voltage (4 V), yielding potential applications of these disintegrable semiconducting polymers in low-cost, biocompatible, and ultralightweight transient electronics.
Administrators’ Roles in Education and Thai's Teacher Development in the 21st Century

The objective of this study is to study Administrators’ Roles in Education of the basic establishment for education in Teacher Development of the 21st Century. The study has done with studied document, in-depth interview from Dean of Education Faculty, District Director of the basic educational areas, School’s Director of the basic educational areas and teachers who had been rewarded with Outstanding Teacher Award in the total of 60 people and there were 25 persons being as main information providers. Thus, the study found that Educational Roles of Administrators in the 21st Century are consisted of 3 main components, they are 1) The Usage of the 21st Century Leadership at least for 5 skills in the administrative jobs. 2) The Continuation of Promotion, Control, Direct and Follow Up and the Evaluation of Characteristic of Being Teacher of the 21st Century. And 3) The Giving Priority to the Academic Work Administration by increasing the Application of Information Technology in the administrative jobs.
Book, exhibition and film reviews

It might not be by chance that The Rule of Logistics, Jesse LeCavalier's brilliant analysis of the architectures of Walmart, was published in 2016. The book takes the corporation as a paradigmatic ...
High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Dry Eye Inflammation.

Purpose To determine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression during experimental dry eye (EDE) and dry eye-like culture conditions and elucidate its role in corneal dry eye-related inflammation. Methods EDE was induced in 8- to 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Corneal tissue sections and lysates from EDE and untreated mice were evaluated for HMGB1 expression by immunostaining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). For in vitro studies, human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were treated with hyperosmolar media, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, or proinflammatory cytokines to determine HMGB1 expression. HCEC were also treated with human recombinant HMGB1 (hrHMGB1) alone or in combination with inflammatory stimuli, and TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8 expression evaluated by qPCR and ELISA. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation was determined by immunostaining. Results EDE mice had higher corneal HMGB1 RNA and protein expression compared to untreated animals. In HCEC, hyperosmolar stress and TNFα treatment stimulated HMGB1 production and secretion into culture supernatants. However, in vitro stimulation with hrHMGB1 did not induce secretion of TNFα, IL-6, or IL-8 or NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, the inflammatory response elicited by TLR agonists fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 and lipopolysaccharide was not enhanced by hrHMGB1 treatment. Conclusions HMGB1 expression was enhanced by dry eye conditions in vivo as well as in vitro, during hyperosmolar stress and cytokine exposure, suggesting an important role for HMGB1 in dry eye disease. However, no direct inflammatory effect was observed with HMGB1 treatment. Therefore, under these conditions, HMGB1 does not contribute directly to dry eye-induced inflammation and its function at the ocular surface needs to be explored further.
Fact and Reasoning: The Logical Structure of Galileo’s Argument

Here I shall provide a solution to a problem which very much deserves discussion, which I shall call the problem of the structure of the Dialogue The first aspect of this problem derives from the fact that there is a scholarly need for a descriptive outline of the book. Such an outline would facilitate communication among scholars insofar as it would provide a standard way of referring to a particular passage or discussion. Moreover, it would provide an easy way of locating a particular passage that one may be looking for; at present this is rather difficult because, though the book is very long, the only signposts are the division into four ‘Days’, the few diagrams which are interspersed in the text, and the numerous marginal notes by the author himself. The usefulness of the latter is seriously impaired by the fact that they are not formulated from a single point of view. In fact, what one reads in these marginal notes is not always an idea propounded by Salviati and opposed by Simplicio, but sometimes one propounded by the latter and opposed by the former, sometimes an idea accepted by both, sometimes one rejected by both, and sometimes a speculative idea being considered only hypothetically. Now, in order to provide an adequate descriptive outline of the whole book, one needs to study and ascertain its structure, since one needs to consider the relationships among the various sections.
Scalene Test Blocks and Interventional Techniques in Patients with TOS

For targeted therapy such as TOS surgery to be effective, it must be determined that a particular patient has a disability actually caused by TOS and that this component overshadows any coexisting causes of disability. When the TOS component of a cervicobrachial syndrome is temporarily reversed with selective blockade it is expected that the longer term benefits of a targeted approach may be predicted. The present chapter will discuss the evolution and implementation of scalene test blocks in performing the role of predicting outcomes to TOS targeted therapy. For those patients who are not TOS surgical candidates other pain interventional techniques are discussed.
Cutaneous Vesicostomy for Temporary Urinary Diversion in Infants with Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction

AbstractCutaneous vesicostomy was used for temporary urinary diversion in 12 infants with neurogenic vesical dysfunction. Hydronephrosis, azotemia and clinical urinary infection were resolved in all patients. Postoperative complications consisted of diaper dermatitis in 42 per cent and vesical prolapse in 25 per cent.
Diffraction structural biology - introductory overview.

An introductory overview to the articles on diffraction structural biology in this special issue of the journal.
What’s at stake in the treaty reporting process? Cuba and the United Nations’ convention on women’s rights

What impact do U.N. human rights treaties have on the countries that ratify them? Most of the scholarly literature on this topic focuses on ratification, with little attention to the ways that the ...
Thyroid cartilage compression causing stroke

We describe the diagnostic workup and surgical treatment of a patient presenting with the unique case of vertebral artery (VA) occlusion subsequent to head flexion leading to compression of an aberrant VA by the ipsilateral superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Imaging revealed ischemic infarcts as well as the presence of an aberrant right VA, which was compressed by the ipsilateral superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage upon neck flexion. The patient was managed with laryngoplasty involving removal of the right superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Laryngoscope, 129:E445-E448, 2019.
Dialect on trial: use of African American Vernacular English influences juror appraisals*

We investigated the effect of dialect and race on juror decision making. Mock jurors read a summary of an ambiguous criminal case, which included audio of a defense witness (Study 1) or defendant (...
Advanced Severity Monitoring of Interturn Short Circuit Faults in PMSMs

This paper presents a new method to estimate the severity level of interturn short circuit (ITSC) fault in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Instead of evaluating the fault severity by the number of shorted turns, the proposed method directly estimates the short circuit current, which is the most critical variable in ITSC faults. In the proposed method, the short circuit current generates voltage fluctuation on back electromotive force (EMF), which can be obtained via a proportional-integral (PI) estimator in the two-axis stationary reference frame. Based on the number of shorted turns information, the magnitude of the short circuit current can be estimated through the voltage fluctuation. Since the short circuit current is the main cause of deterioration in the ITSC fault, the proposed method provides an effective and straightforward way to monitor the ITSC fault. More importantly, the findings in this paper are beneficial for the fault mitigation algorithms and postfault operations. In order to verify the findings, a three-phase equivalent circuit model supported by finite element analysis (FEA) is used in the simulation. In addition, various experiments are carried out on a faulty PMSM to validate the proposed method.
Abstract #1962: The Androgen Receptor regulates miR-21 to promote hormone dependent and independent prostate cancer growth

Abnormal Androgen Receptor (AR) activity contributes to prostate cancer pathogenesis, including hormone refractory disease. However, the downstream AR proliferative pathways are not fully described. We hypothesized that the activated androgen receptor may directly regulate the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs), and that these miRNAs may then contribute to the prostate cancer phenotype. In pursuit of these studies, we have established conditions whereby the expected androgen-regulated cell growth and gene expression responses were reproduced in LNCaP and LAPC-4 prostate cancer models. Using these conditions and microarray technology, we evaluated dose-responsive androgen-regulated microRNA expression of over 400 known microRNAs. Here we report the identification of 19 AR responsive miRNAs including the oncogenic miRNA miR-21. We present data demonstrating that miR-21 is directly regulated by the activated AR through chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. This induced miR-21 contributes to androgen induced cell proliferation. Further, we report that ectopic expression of miR-21 alone is sufficient to drive androgen-independent growth. LNCaP cells expressing miR-21 develop more tumors and at an earlier time point than those expressing a vector control. Moreover, miR-21 expressing LNCaP tumors are resistant to castration. Elevated miR-21 expression was also found in human CaP tumors. Collectively, these data place miR-21 in the AR signaling pathway and suggest that miR-21 can contribute to the castration resistant prostate cancer phenotype. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1962.
The Factors that Drive Forestry Export Ties: A Network Perspective

Forestry exports are considered one of the major drivers of forest loss worldwide, especially for developing nations. Building on these insights, this article considers the factors that exp...
Editorial: An Update on the Frontiers Section

Frontiers is a new section positioned as a prestigious subbrand under the Marketing Science umbrella. Its purpose is to encourage and nurture timely research with potentially high impact in quantit...
A legitimate sphere of influence: Understanding France’s turn to multilateralism in Africa

Scholars argue that the 1991 Gulf War, when the United States worked hard to secure approval from the United Nations (UN), set a precedent for legitimate military intervention that other states, es...
Exploring the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes-randomized controlled trial.

Background Inverse associations have been reported between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and circulating cholesterol concentrations in observational studies. Postulated mechanisms include reduced bioavailability of intestinal cholesterol and alterations in endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Objective To explore the effect of daily supplementation with 4000 IU/d vitamin D3 for 24 wk on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol and β-sitosterol) and endogenous synthesis (lathosterol and desmosterol). Methods Ancillary study of The Vitamin D for Established Type 2 Diabetes (DDM2) trial. Patients with established type 2 diabetes (N = 127, 25-75 y, BMI 23-42 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive either 4000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 24 wk. Of participants without changes in cholesterol-lowering medications (n = 114), plasma surrogate cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis biomarker concentrations were measured and merged with available measures of serum LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations. Results At week 24, vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased 25(OH)D concentrations (+21.5 ± 13.4 ng/mL) but not insulin secretion rates (primary outcome of the parent study) as reported previously. In this ancillary study there was no significant effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum cholesterol profile or surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption and endogenous synthesis. Compared with participants not treated with cholesterol-lowering medications, those who were treated exhibited a greater reduction in plasma campesterol concentrations in the vitamin D3 but not placebo group (P-interaction = 0.011). Analyzing the data on the basis of cholesterol absorption status (hypo- versus hyperabsorbers) or cholesterol synthesis status (hypo- versus hypersynthesizers) did not alter these results. Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation for 24 wk had no significant effect on surrogate biomarkers of cholesterol absorption or endogenous synthesis, consistent with the lack of effect on serum cholesterol profile. Vitamin D3 supplementation resulted in greater reduction in campesterol concentrations in participants not using compared with those using cholesterol-lowering medications. Further studies are required.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01736865.
From sub-Terahertz to Terahertz: challenges and Design Considerations

NR Rel-15 physical layer specifications (released on December 2018) by 3GPP targeting IMT 2020 can support deployments in frequency ranges 410 MHz - 7.125 GHz and 24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz. The support of higher frequency bands with large chunks of contiguous spectrum was deemed essential to fulfilling IMT 2020 vision of 20 Gbps peak data- rate in realistic deployment scenarios. It is also expected that global IMT traffic will grow 10 - 100 times from 2020 to 2030 and in order to support such growth Terahertz spectrum provides an attractive choice. In this paper, we describe the challenges in power amplifier, analog-to- digital design and impairments from phase noise that is expected in such regime. Considering such impairments, we show that realistic power amplifier backoff ratios are strongly correlated with the choice of a waveform. We provide results to show that phase noise could be mitigated by an appropriate choice of waveform and reference signals for compensation while a judicious choice of frame structure can be used to maintain reasonable scheduling and processing complexity. In order to maintain simultaneous connectivity to multiple base-stations resulting in large timing differences at the receiver, the isolation between panels at the user equipment can be successfully used.
Phenotypic and gene expression features associated with variation in chronic ethanol consumption in heterogeneous stock collaborative cross mice.

Abstract Of the more than 100 studies that have examined relationships between excessive ethanol consumption and the brain transcriptome, few rodent studies have examined chronic consumption. Heterogeneous stock collaborative cross mice freely consumed ethanol vs. water for 3 months. Transcriptional differences were examined for the central nucleus of the amygdala, a brain region known to impact ethanol preference. Early preference was modestly predictive of final preference and there was significant escalation of preference in females only. Genes significantly correlated with female preference were enriched in annotations for the primary cilium and extracellular matrix. A single module in the gene co-expression network was enriched in genes with an astrocyte annotation. The key hub node was the master regulator, orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2). These data support an important role for the extracellular matrix, primary cilium and astrocytes in ethanol preference and consumption differences among individual female mice of a genetically diverse population.
Searching for Meaning with Victor Frankl and Walker Percy.

Patients present to physicians searching for more than scientific names to call their maladies. They rather enter examination rooms with value-laden narratives of illness, suffering, hopes, and wor...
Application Analysis of PLC Technology in Automatic Control of Ship Auxiliary Machinery

Gao, M., 2020. Application analysis of plc technology in automatic control of ship auxiliary machinery. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 130-132. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the process of ships sailing on the sea, auxiliary machinery and equipment play an indispensable role, which not only can provide necessary services for ships, but also can ensure the normal navigation of ships. As an advanced technology, PLC technology of mechanical automation control has obvious characteristics, flexible and convenient operation and wide functions. The application of PLC technology in the automatic control system of ship auxiliary machinery is studied and analyzed to provide more favorable support for stable navigation of ships. In the application process of PLC ship auxiliary machinery control system, incomplete information, insufficient data and other uncertain factors will also have a great impact on the system, which will threaten the reliability of the system. Therefore, it is of great significance and far-reaching influence to strengthen the application of PLC technology in automatic control devices of ship auxiliary machinery.
Review of Estimators for Regression Models

In this chapter, and throughout the book, one can assume there are n subjects/units yi : i = 1, 2, …, n. Let us assume these are independent events, and then from a distribution that belongs to the exponential family. A review of general linear model, generalized linear model, and Bayesian interval is given.
Taxonomic distinctness poorly reflects floristic quality in a wetland study system

Abstract Biomonitoring typically uses taxonomic diversity information while ignoring phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary relatedness may offer deeper insight to how local assemblages relate with human disturbance and ecological degradation. Degradation of floristic quality may filter species with similar evolutionary traits, whereas intact floristic quality may limit phylogenetic clumping and increase representation of more distantly related taxa. We tested this hypothesis using average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) and measures of floristic quality (mean ecological conservatism, native species richness, percent exotic species) in vascular plant assemblages of 115 wetlands in the US southern plains. In line with the hypothesis, we observed positive correlations with conservatism (r = 0.28, P = 0.0007) and native richness (r = 0.24, P = 0.0018) and a negative correlation (r = −0.21, P = 0.0169) with exotics, but the plotted relationships looked obscure. A strongly skewed AvTD distribution revealed a clear gradient in lower than expected AvTD. Responses along this gradient covaried with native richness (quadratic model R2 = 0.75) but showed no pattern with conservatism and a weak response to exotics. These results suggest that native richness has potential to predict lower than expected AvTD values. However, attributing these values to degraded floristic quality requires caution when richness is driven by sampling effects such as species-area relationships or has a non-linear relationship to human disturbance. Given the vague correlations and ambiguity of richness, plant taxonomic distinctness may not provide a clear bioindicator for wetlands. More work is needed to elucidate how evolutionary structure may play into bioassessment, which traditionally has been phylogenetically neutral.
Contribution of FDG-PET/CT to the management of esophageal cancer patients at multidisciplinary tumor board conferences.

Abstract Background A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of esophageal cancer patients leads to better clinical decisions. Purpose The contribution of CT, endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasound to clinical staging and treatment selection by multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) in patients with esophageal cancer is well documented. However, there is a paucity of data addressing the role that FDG-PET/CT (PET/CT) plays to inform the clinical decision-making process at MTB conferences. The aim of this study was to assess the impact and contribution of PET/CT to clinical management decisions and to the plan of care for esophageal cancer patients at the MTB conferences held at our institution. Materials and methods This IRB approved study included all the cases discussed in the esophageal MTB meetings over a year period. The information contributed by PET/CT to MTB decision making was grouped into four categories. Category I, no additional information provided for clinical management; category II, equivocal and misguiding information; category III, complementary information to other imaging modalities, and category IV, information that directly changed clinical management. The overall impact on management was assessed retrospectively from prospectively discussed clinical histories, imaging, histopathology, and the official minutes of the MTB conferences. Results 79 patients (61 males and 18 females; median age, 61 years, range, 33–86) with esophageal cancer (53 adenocarcinomas and 26 squamous cell carcinomas) were included. The contribution of PET/CT-derived information was as follows: category I in 50 patients (63%); category II in 3 patients (4%); category III in 8 patients (10%), and category IV information in 18 patients (23%). Forty-five patients (57%) had systemic disease, and in 5 (11%) of these, metastatic disease was only detected by PET/CT. In addition, PET/CT detected previously unknown recurrence in 4 (9%) of 43 patients. In summary, PET/CT provided clinically useful information to guide management in 26 of 79 esophageal cancer patients (33%) discussed at the MTB. Conclusion The study showed that PET/CT provided additional information and changed clinical management in 1 out of 3 (33%) esophageal cancer cases discussed at MTB conferences. These results support the inclusion whenever available, of FDG-PET/CT imaging information to augment and improve the patient management decision process in MTB conferences.
Cooling Interventions Among Agricultural Workers: Qualitative Field-Based Study.

Introduction:Agricultural workers perform intense labor outside in direct sunlight and in humid environmental conditions exposing them to a high risk of heat-related illness (HRI). To implement eff...
Optimal Sorting Circuits for Short Keys.

A long-standing open question in the algorithms and complexity literature is whether there exist sorting circuits of size $o(n \log n)$. A recent work by Asharov, Lin, and Shi (SODA'21) showed that if the elements to be sorted have short keys whose length $k = o(\log n)$, then one can indeed overcome the $n\log n$ barrier for sorting circuits, by leveraging non-comparison-based techniques. More specifically, Asharov et al.~showed that there exist $O(n) \cdot \min(k, \log n)$-sized sorting circuits for $k$-bit keys, ignoring $poly\log^*$ factors. Interestingly, the recent works by Farhadi et al. (STOC'19) and Asharov et al. (SODA'21) also showed that the above result is essentially optimal for every key length $k$, assuming that the famous Li-Li network coding conjecture holds. Note also that proving any {\it unconditional} super-linear circuit lower bound for a wide class of problems is beyond the reach of current techniques. Unfortunately, the approach taken by Asharov et al.~to achieve optimality in size somewhat crucially relies on sacrificing the depth: specifically, their circuit is super-{\it poly}logarithmic in depth even for 1-bit keys. Asharov et al.~phrase it as an open question how to achieve optimality both in size and depth. In this paper, we close this important gap in our understanding. We construct a sorting circuit of size $O(n) \cdot \min(k, \log n)$ (ignoring $poly\log^*$ terms) and depth $O(\log n)$. To achieve this, our approach departs significantly from the prior works. Our result can be viewed as a generalization of the landmark result by Ajtai, Komlos, and Szemeredi (STOC'83), simultaneously in terms of size and depth. Specifically, for $k = o(\log n)$, we achieve asymptotical improvements in size over the AKS sorting circuit, while preserving optimality in depth.