cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin Injection on Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Lactate Concentration in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Replacement

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection on cerebral glucose metabolism and lactate concentration in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with extracorporeal circulation(ECC).METHODS Forty patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with ECC were randomly divided into two groups:cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection group(group A,n=20) and control group(group B,n=20).In group A cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection 20ml was given i.v.after induction of anesthesia.In group B normal saline was given instead of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection.Blood samples were taken from jugular bulb after induction of anesthesia(T1),33℃cooling(T2),stable hypothermic duration(T3),33℃rewarming(T4),discontinuation of ECC(T5) and discontinuation of operation(T6)for determination of arterial and jugular bulb blood glucose,utilization of glucose(G(a-v)) and extraction of lactate(Lac).RESULTS At points T2 and T3,G(a-v) in two groups was markedly lower than that at T1(P0.05).At point T2,G(a-v) was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P0.05).The level of Lac increased after beginning of ECC and reached peak value at T5,At point T4,T5and T6,the level of Lac was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P0.05).CONCLUSION There is an inhibition of cerebral glucose metabolism during ECC and cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection may improve cerebral glucose utilization,and decrease the extraction of lactate.
Clinically significant delayed postsphincterotomy bleeding: a twelve year single center experience.

AIM Bleeding following endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (ES) is associated with morbidity. We sought to identify endoscopic findings and outcome of patients with delayed bleeding after ES. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary referral center. A gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopy database was used to identify all patients with delayed post-ES bleeding from 1994 to 2006. Early endoscopic evaluation and endoscopic hemostasis was performed. Endoscopic findings, factors associated with bleeding severity, identification of stigmata of hemorrhage, and success of endoscopic treatment were identified. RESULTS There were 84 patients with delayed post-ES bleeding. Bleeding was classified as mild in 31 (36.9%), moderate in 29 (34.5%), and severe in 24 (28.6%). Thirteen of these 84 (15.5%) experienced bleeding at the time of initial ES. Endoscopic findings for evaluation of bleeding included active bleeding in 50 (59.5%) and stigmata of recent bleeding in 34 (40.5%) patients. Endoscopic treatment was employed in 74 (88%) patients. Monotherapy was used in 39.2% and combined therapy was used in 60.8% patients. Recurrence of bleeding was significantly more common in the severe group (P<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that coagulopathy was a predictive factor for severe post-ES bleeding. CONCLUSION Active bleeding or stigmata of hemorrhage occurs in the majority of patients with clinically significant delayed post-ES bleeding. Endoscopic therapy is useful in controlling bleeding in nearly all cases, though multimodal therapy and repeat endoscopic procedures may be required. Coagulopathy is a risk factor for severe bleeding; preventive measures in these patients may reduce morbidity.
Sperm transport and distribution during the puberal transition in ewe lambs

Sperm transport through and distribution within the anterior reproductive tract were evaluated at either 2 or 22 h after artificial insemination in ewe lambs at first (1E; n = 15) or third (3E; n = 14) estrus and in mature (MAT; n = 12) ewes. Each ewe was inseminated immediately upon detection of estrus with 7.5 x 10(8) progressively motile sperm placed into the external os cervix. Ewes were hysterectomized at either 2 or 22 h after insemination. Sperm were recovered from the uterus, isthmi, and ampullae by flushing with sterile .9% saline. The distribution of sperm recovered from the uterus, isthmus, and ampulla did not differ (P > .10) among 1E, 3E, and MAT ewes at either 2 or 22 h. However, there was a tendency (P = .08) for more sperm to be recovered from the anterior reproductive tract in 3E and MAT ewes than from that in 1E ewes. There was a time of hysterectomy x anatomical segment interaction (P .10). However, sperm were recovered from the oviducts in a greater (P < .05) percentage of ewes at 22 h after insemination than at 2 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Factors influencing survival in melanoma.

Although more than 80% of patients with malignant melanoma survive 5 years, many variables that stratify prognosis have been determined. Multiple clinical, histologic, morphologic, immunologic, and surgical factors have been shown to influence survival. Through the use of evolving mathematical techniques and advancements in computer technology, newer, more specific factors for determining patient prognosis in malignant melanoma are emerging.
Using knowledge-based systems for software project planning

The development of a prototype knowledge-based system for software project planning is described. The KBS (knowledge-based system) queries a user with regard to critical issues in a software development plan to determine the chance of the project succeeding. The prototype system is designed to be used by individuals familiar with the situation in which the development effort will occur. They include: (1) a systems professional with the ability to access information regarding the user community, (2) a user with the ability to access the system, such as a user liaison, or (3) any member of management who understands the project and the environment/resources that would be used. >
Comparison of CT contrast blood pool agents for in-vivo 3D angiography using MicroCT

MicroCT small animal 3D angiography has various applications such as tumor growth evaluation or quantification of the pulmonary arterial tree morphometry. Due to longer acquisition times using preclinical systems, classical contrast agents are of little use in-vivo. Novel contrast agents such as gold nanoparticles and iodinated liposomes offer a possible solution to this difficulty by preventing rapid renal excretion. To evaluate different contrast agents, we filled pieces of polymer tubing (20 AWG) with solutions of 10 mg Au/ml and 30 mg Au/ml home-made gold nanoparticles, commercial gold nanoparticle (120 mg Au/ml), commercial iodinated liposomes, 30% barium sulfate solution, 6% iodine contrast solution and 100% saline (PBS), respectively. Each piece of tubing was imaged in our microCT together with the PBS filled tubing using identical imaging settings. Upon quantification and comparison of the phantom data, we imaged mice after injection of contrast agent. We also acquired data from excised lungs filled with contrast agent and gelatin solution. The barium sulfate solution had the highest measured radiodensity, which was 8 times higher than PBS. The solution with only 6% of iodine contrast gave us an increased radiodensity of 1.5x. Among the in-vivo compounds, the liposomal contrast agent had the highest radiodensity with 5 times than PBS, where the gold nanoparticles (10 mg/ml) were almost indistinguishable from PBS, but the higher concentrations show improvements in contrast. Our comparison shows that the traditional contrast agents have a higher radiodensity than novel compounds currently under development. Angiography using barium sulfate is a terminal experiment where the iodine contrast agent is cleared too quickly by the kidneys to be useful in-vivo. The small contrast improvement of the gold nanoparticles indicate that further development is still necessary for the particles to by useful in 3D angiography. In contrast, liposomal contrast agents appear to have reached a state where they can successfully highlight vessels in-vivo.
Fused state machines for fault tolerance in distributed systems

Replication is a standard technique for fault-tolerance in distributed systems modeled as deterministic finite state machines (DFSMs or machines). To correct f crash faults among n machines, replication requires nf additional backup machines. We present a fusion-based solution that requires just f additional backup machines (called fusions or fused backups). In this paper, we first propose a fundamental problem regarding DFSMs, independent of fault tolerance, that has not been explored in the literature so far: Given a machine M, with a set of states and a set of events, can we replace it with machines each containing fewer events than M? To formalize this we define a (k,e)-event decomposition of a given machine M, that is a set of k machines each with at least e events fewer than the event set of M, that acting in parallel, are equivalent to M. We present an algorithm to generate such machines with time complexity O(|XM |3|$#931;M |e), where XM is the set of states and $#931;M the set of events of M. Second, we use our event decomposition algorithm to generate fused backups that can correct faults among a given set of machines. We show that these backups are minimal w.r.t the number of states they contain and the number of events in their event set. Third, we use the notion of locality sensitive hashing to present algorithms for the detection and correction of faults for the fusion-based solution. The algorithm for the detection of Byzantine faults has time complexity O(nf) on average, which is the same as that for replication. The algorithm for the correction of both crash and Byzantine faults has time complexity O(nρf) with high probability (w.h.p), where ρ is the average state reduction achieved by fusion. We show that for small values of n (for most practical systems, n<10) and ρ (average value of ρ<2 in our experiments), this results in almost no overhead as compared to replication. Finally, we evaluate fusion on the widely used MCNC'91 benchmarks for DFSMs and results show that the average state space savings in fusion (over replication) is 38% (range 0-99%), while the average event-reduction is 4% (range 0-45%).
From Appalachia to West Texas: A Journey to Move Beyond One-Sex Medicine

Several life events led to Dr. Marjorie Jenkins’ dedication to building a career focused on sex and gender differences in medicine. She explores the influences and challenges she has experienced along this career path and her vision for the future of sex and gender in modern medicine.
Experimental validation of a ducted wind turbine design strategy

Abstract. A synergistic design strategy for ducted horizontal axis wind turbines (DWTs), utilizing the numerical solution of a ducted actuator disk system as the input condition for a modified blade element momentum method, is presented. Computational results of the ducted disk have shown that the incoming flow field for a DWT differs substantially from that of a conventional open rotor. The rotor plane velocity is increased in the ducted flow field, and, more importantly, the axial velocity component varies radially. An experimental full-scale 2.5 m rotor and duct were designed, using this numerical strategy, and tested at the University of Waterloo's wind turbine test facility. Experimental results indicated a very good correlation of the data with the numerical predictions, namely a doubling of the power output at a given velocity, suggesting that the numerical strategy can provide a means for a scalable design methodology.
Phosphorus Impacts from Meat-, Dairy-, and Plant-Based Diets

Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource located within certain geologic reserves around the world. Morocco and the Western Sahara together account for roughly 75% of reserves, raising questions of how to more sustainably use this precious resource. Phosphorus is mined from rock and eventually converted into usable fertilizer, which is applied to croplands. This study aims to contribute to the literature on phosphorus sustainability by analyzing the yearly diet choices of an average American consumer using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software. When ascertaining dietary phosphorus use, meat- and plant-based diets have traditionally been juxtaposed. Using data from the United Nations and a study by a consulting firm in Boston, the LCA queries through the food materials that meat-based, dairy-based, and plant-based diets contain, and yields a rough estimate of total P consumption in kilograms. Findings show that as anticipated, a meat-based diet is higher in P consumption than a dairy-based or plant-based diet and gives credence to the notion that consumers in their everyday lives can affect the sustainable use of scarce resources such as phosphorus. Concluding this report is a brief discussion summarizing literature findings on how to use P more sustainably in other sectors, such as wastewater treatment.
Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and offspring growth: the Upstate KIDS Study.

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female infertility and is associated with higher levels of circulating androgens. Exposure to higher levels of androgens in utero may be a risk factor for obesity among children of women with PCOS. Methods We examined whether maternal PCOS was associated with differences in offspring growth and obesity in the Upstate KIDS study, a prospective cohort study of infants born in New York State (excluding New York City) oversampled for fertility treatments and multiple births. Measurements of offspring length/height and weight were recorded at doctor’s visits through 3 years of age. PCOS diagnosis was self-reported by mothers at baseline. We used linear mixed models with robust SEs to estimate differences in growth by maternal PCOS exposure. We used logistic regression to examine whether infants experienced rapid weight gain at 4, 9 and 12 months. Growth measures were reported by 4098 mothers for 4949 children (1745 twins). Of these, 435 mothers (10.6%) had a diagnosis of PCOS. Results Compared with children born to mothers without PCOS, children of mothers with PCOS did not have significant differences in weight (4.81 g, 95% CI −95.1 to 104.7), length/height (0.18 cm, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.52) and body mass index (−0.14 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.30 to 0.01) through 3 years of age. We also observed no association between maternal PCOS and offspring rapid weight gain. Conclusions Overall, we found little evidence to suggest that maternal PCOS influences early childhood growth in this large, prospective cohort study.
The Poetics of (Philosophical) Interpretation

Simple, radical ways of expressing the main thesis of this paper are given by the following (equivalent) statements: there is no such thing as philosophical secondary literature, the relevant concept has no application, its extension is empty. But of course such statements need unpacking.
Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Urine from Patients with Bladder Cancer

AbstractAn antiserum was prepared to a hypotonic saline extract of bladder tumor tissue which, after absorption with normal tissues, was used to localize tumor-associated antigens in a Sephadex G-150 elution profile of urine from patients with bladder cancer. A second antiserum was prepared to this urine fraction with tumor-associated antigens. After absorption with normal urine and plasma this antiserum was reacted in gel diffusion and complement fixation assays against urine samples from normal individuals, patients with bladder cancer and patients with proved urinary tract infections. In the gel diffusion assays none of the 23 urine specimens from normal individuals, 37 per cent of the 24 urine specimens from patients with urinary tract infections, 61 per cent of 13 urine samples from patients with papillomas and in situ tumors, and 95 per cent of 30 samples from patients with bladder cancer gave positive precipitin reactions. In complement fixation assays urine from 53 patients with papillomas through...
Constraints for the early detection of discontinuity from motion

Surface discontinuities are detected in a sequence of images by exploiting physical constraints at early stages in the processing of visual motion. To achieve accurate early discontinuity detection we exploit five physical constraints on the presence of discontinuities: i) the shape of the sum of squared differences (SSD) error surface in the presence of surface discontinuities; ii) the change in the shape of the SSD surface due to relative surface motion; iii) distribution of optic flow in a neighborhood of a discontinuity; iv) spatial consistency of discontinuities; V) temporal consistency of discontinuities. The constraints are described, and experimental results on sequences of real and synthetic images are presented. The work has applications in the recovery of environmental structure from motion and in the generation of dense optic flow fields.
Spectral analysis of random fields with random sampling

We discuss the problem of estimating the spectral density function of a continuous 2-dimensional stationary random field when the data set is obtained from a point process on the plane. Second order spectral analysis of irregularly spaced data on a real line was first considered by Shapiro and Silverman [20]. General results of stationary interval functions were studied by Brillinger [5]. He established consistency results for general polyspectral estimates of the stationary interval functions. Consistency results and alias-free sampling schemes for the second-order case in the estimation of the spectral density function of a continuous time series were obtained by Masry [12,11,14]. We generalize these results to the estimation of spectral density functions on higher dimensions. Special attention is directed to the 2-dimensional case although general k-dimensional cases are considered also. Asymptotic bias and covariances are studied. In particular, it is shown explicitly how the information of the sampling rocess come into play in obtaining a consistent estimate of the density function of a continuous random field. Estimates under Poisson’s sampling scheme are studied in detail. A few simulation examples are given as illustrations.
Improving workflow fault tolerance through provenance-based recovery

Scientific workflow systems frequently are used to execute a variety of long-running computational pipelines prone to premature termination due to network failures, server outages, and other faults. Researchers have presented approaches for providing fault tolerance for portions of specific workflows, but no solution handles faults that terminate the workflow engine itself when executing a mix of stateless and stateful workflow components. Here we present a general framework for efficiently resuming workflow execution using information commonly captured by workflow systems to record data provenance. Our approach facilitates fast workflow replay using only such commonly recorded provenance data. We also propose a checkpoint extension to standard provenance models to significantly reduce the computation needed to reset the workflow to a consistent state, thus resulting in much shorter reexecution times. Our work generalizes the rescue-DAG approach used by DAGMan to richer workflow models that may contain stateless and stateful multi-invocation actors as well as workflow loops.
The Importance of Teacher Self-Awareness in Working with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.

classroom? Are you constantly involved in power struggles with some students? Do you yearn for good relationships with all your students? Are you stressed out? This article may help. The frequency and intensity of students’ emotional and behavioral disorders have increased in the past several decades (Bartollas & Miller, 1998; Knitzer, 1993; Lerner, 1995; Long, Morse, & Newman, 1996). In surveys, teachers consistently reveal that disruptive student behavior and classroom discipline are their primary educational
Neurohormones from fish tails: the caudal neurosecretory system. I. "Urophysiology" and the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the urophysiology and the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes, chemistry of urotensin II, immunocytochemistry of the caudal neurosecretory system, biological activities of urotensin II in teleosts, and effects of urotensin II in mammals. The caudal system in teleosts is heavily innervated, consistently by aminergic input and occasionally by cholinergic and peptidergic pathways from the brain. The complexity and intensity of the innervation shows some important physiological role for this system; yet, it has been difficult to ascribe a definite functional contribution to the caudal system and its hormones—the urotensins. The urophysis contains and presumably releases a variety of substances: (1) urotensin I—a 41-amino acid peptide which is homologous and analogous to mammalian corticotropin-releasing factors (CRFs); (2) urotensin II—a 12-amino acid peptide which is partially homologous and partially analogous to somatostatin-14; (3) urotensin IV—indistinguishable from arginine vasotocin and present in only a few teleost species; (4) urophysins—putative carrier proteins, cysteine-free, analogous to the neurophysins and with unknown biogenetic relationships to the urotensins; and (5) acetylcholine—the highest concentrations of this substance reported for any tissue but of unknown significance in this locale.
Strategies for Reconstruction of the Plantar Surface of the Foot: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background Reconstruction of the plantar surface of the foot is challenging because of its distinctive anatomy and microarchitecture. Unfortunately, no single coverage option meets the needs of all patients and defects. A comprehensive literature review is presented to better define available reconstructive options for resurfacing the plantar foot. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles relating to reconstruction of the plantar skin and soft tissue. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were queried for published articles. After the exclusion of duplicate records, 1624 articles were available for review. A total of 280 unique articles were included for analysis, with a total of 2684 individual reconstructions. Results Of the articles reviewed, 10 percent described a skin grafting technique, 53 percent described a locoregional flap, 32 percent described free tissue transfer, and 5 percent described multiple reconstructive methods. Isolated heel defects were the most frequently reconstructed subunit of the plantar foot (73 percent). The latissimus dorsi muscle was the most commonly used free flap, whereas the reverse sural artery flap was the most commonly used locoregional flap. Protective sensation was noted in most locoregional and free flap reconstructions, regardless of primary neurotization; however, improved two-point discrimination was noted when neurofasciocutaneous flaps were used. Complication rates varied widely, although rates of flap loss approached those of flaps performed at other anatomical sites. Conclusions Numerous methods exist for reconstructing the plantar surface. Proper flap selection should be determined by the size of the defect, the availability of donor tissue, and the surgeon's experience and comfort with the reconstructive technique.
Comparative findings using the slow strain-rate, constant flow stress, and U-bend stress corrosion cracking techniques

The testing of materials for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a use environment involves the risk that cracking may not be found by the test technique. When this happens, immunity to SCC may be incorrectly concluded. Toavoid this type of error, the use of multiple testing techniques is recommended. This report discusses the different findings for Type 304 stainless steel obtained by three SCC testing techniques: the slow strain-rate technique (SSRT), the constant flow stress (CFS) test, and the U-bend test. The comparative studies in 36.5 percent magnesium chloride solution show that the cracking mode has an electrochemical potential dependency. In sodium chloride solutions, in the range of 1 to 20 percent concentration, the studies show that the cracking has a critical strain-rate dependency.
Just ask? Preference revelation and lying in a public goods experiment

Abstract This paper studies the extent to which simply asking group members to report their demand-type promotes cooperation in a public goods experiment with private, unobservable incentives. The design uses a simple public goods game, in which group members differ in both their dominant strategy contributions and socially optimal contributions. Treatments are conducted in which individuals either do not report their private payoff information, report only to group members, report to group members who can punish them, or report to a binding mechanism that charges them the socially optimal contribution for someone of their reported type. In all cases, messages are non-verifiable and participants are told that they are free to lie. When participants are able to report their type, either to their group members or to a binding mechanism, they contribute more. When reporting to a mechanism, there is a positive effect initially that fades with repetition, while reporting to group members is particularly effective at sustaining cooperation over time. Further, the misreporting of type is less frequent, considered more dishonest, and punished more harshly than free-riding. Consistent with work showing that weak punishment can backfire, the punishment mechanism is underutilized in this environment and its presence negates the positive effect of sharing information.
The ARM Radar Network: At the Leading Edge of Cloud and Precipitation Observations

AbstractImproving our ability to predict future weather and climate conditions is strongly linked to achieving significant advancements in our understanding of cloud and precipitation processes. Ob...
Vibration Characteristics of Automotive Composite Materials

This paper describes measurements of dynamic stiffness and internal damping (that is, the complex moduli) of automotive fiber-reinforced plastics over the frequency range 10 to 1000 Hz at maximum strain amplitudes up to 0.0017. Three types of chopped E-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites and two types of hybrid chopped/continuous fiber-reinforced polyester composites are tested, along with neat resin samples. Complex moduli are measured by using a forced flexural vibration technique. Materials having the greatest stiffness are generally found to have the lowest damping, and vice versa. The complex moduli of all materials are found to be essentially independent of frequency and amplitude within the ranges investigated. Damping in the composites is at least one order of magnitude greater than the damping in an aluminum calibration specimen.
Conjunctival staining with lissamine green as a predictor of tear film deficiency in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a grading scheme for conjunctival staining patterns with lissamine green ocular dye in the diagnosis of tear film deficiencies in dogs. PROCEDURES: Client‐owned and research colony dogs were enrolled in a prospective study between February and October 2018 in which slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), conjunctival lissamine green staining (LGS), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were performed in both eyes of all dogs. Lissamine green staining of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was graded from 0‐3, with a higher grade corresponding to an increased stain intensity. RESULTS: Fifty‐four dogs (107 eyes), comprising 31 males and 23 females with a mean age of 5.0 ± 3.9 years (range 0.5‐14.3), were enrolled in the study. STT was <15 mm/min in 21 eyes and ≥15 mm/min in 86 eyes. Lissamine green staining grade for eyes with a STT of <15 mm/min (2.0 ± 0.9) was significantly higher than for eyes with a STT ≥15 mm/min (0.2 ± 0.7) (P < .001). TFBUT for eyes with a STT <15 mm/min (6.5 ± 4.4 seconds) was significantly shorter than for eyes with a STT ≥ 15 mm/min (16.1 ± 3.6 seconds) (P < .001). As LGS grade increased, both STT (P < .001) and TFBUT (P < .001) significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: A higher LGS grade was significantly associated with a lower STT and more rapid TFBUT in dogs. Lissamine green ocular dye can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic test when evaluating tear film deficiency in dogs.
Pelvic Skeletal Damage and the Downer Cow

Skeletal damage in the pelvic region should always be a consideration when examining a downer cow. Diagnosis of skeletal damage is difficult, but lifting the cow is often helpful especially when performing rectal examination (1). Specimens from 11 cases are presented here to illustrate the variety of lesions which can occur so that examiners have a better idea of possible problems and their consequences. These cases are summarized as follows:iliac shaft fracture, one with sacroiliac ankylosis - 2 casesmassive healed fracture of pelvic floor - 1 caseunilateral fracture of the femoral head - 3 caseship luxation with femoral chip fracture near the head - 4 caseship dysplasia-like lesion, unilateral - 1 case Three of these cases recovered enough to became ambulatory, the other 8 were considered to be hopeless.
Hierarchical Extraction of Functional Connectivity Components in Human Brain Using Resting-State fMRI

The study of functional networks of the human brain has been of significant interest in cognitive neuroscience for over two decades, albeit they are typically extracted at a single scale using various methods, including decompositions like ICA. However, since numerous studies have suggested that the functional organization of the brain is hierarchical, analogous decompositions might better capture functional connectivity patterns. Moreover, hierarchical decompositions can efficiently reduce the very high dimensionality of functional connectivity data. This paper provides a novel method for the extraction of hierarchical connectivity components in the human brain using resting-state fMRI. The method builds upon prior work of Sparse Connectivity Patterns (SCPs) by introducing a hierarchy of sparse, potentially overlapping patterns. The components are estimated by cascaded factorization of correlation matrices generated from fMRI. The goal of the paper is to extract sparse interpretable hierarchically-organized patterns using correlation matrices where a low rank decomposition is formed by a linear combination of a higher rank decomposition. We formulate the decomposition as a non-convex optimization problem and solve it using gradient descent algorithms with adaptive step size. Along with the hierarchy, our method aims to capture the heterogeneity of the set of common patterns across individuals. We first validate our model through simulated experiments. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method on two different real-world datasets by showing that multi-scale hierarchical SCPs are reproducible between sub-samples and are more reproducible as compared to single scale patterns. We also compare our method with an existing hierarchical community detection approach.
Global Experiences with Special Economic Zones: Focus on China and Africa

This study briefly summarizes the development experiences of special economic zones in China and Africa, the lessons that Africa can learn from China, and the preliminary results of the Chinese investments in special economic zones in Africa. The study makes recommendations on how to unleash the power of special economic zones and industrial zones in Africa through strategically leveraging the Chinese experiences. The success factors of Chinese special economic zones include the strong and long-term commitment of the government, a conducive business environment in the zones, strategic locations, technology upgrading and skills training, and strong linkages with the local economy. However, the Chinese experiences highlight some pitfalls to avoid, such as the 'mushroom approach' and high-level overlaps at the later stage, environmental degradation, and the unbalance between industrial development and social dimensions. This calls for a bigger role for the market. Sub-Sahara Africa's experience with traditional economic zones has been relatively poor, except in a few countries, such as Mauritius. The key challenges include the poor regulatory and institutional framework, lack of effective strategic planning, weak governance and implementation capacity, and inadequate infrastructure, among others. Since 2006, China has implemented special economic zone projects globally, including in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is still too early to conduct a full assessment of these projects; however, the evidence shows that some zones have begun to attract investments and make important contributions to the local economy. The main challenges include access to land, regulatory barriers, resettlement and coordination issues, and lack of external infrastructure.
Identifying Opportunities to Strengthen the Public Health Informatics Infrastructure: Exploring Hospitals' Challenges with Data Exchange.

Policy Points Even though most hospitals have the technological ability to exchange data with public health agencies, the majority continue to experience challenges. Most challenges are attributable to the general resources of public health agencies, although workforce limitations, technology issues such as a lack of data standards, and policy uncertainty around reporting requirements also remain prominent issues. Ongoing funding to support the adoption of technology and strengthen the development of the health informatics workforce, combined with revising the promotion of the interoperability scoring approach, will likely help improve the exchange of electronic data between hospitals and public health agencies. CONTEXT: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted significant barriers in the exchange of essential information between hospitals and local public health agencies. Thus it remains important to clarify the specific issues that hospitals may face in reporting to public health agencies to inform focused approaches to improve the information exchange for the current pandemic as well as ongoing public health activities and population health management. METHODS: This study uses cross-sectional data of acute-care, nonfederal hospitals from the 2017 American Hospital Association Annual Survey and Information Technology supplement. Guided by the technology-organization-environment framework, we coded the responses to a question regarding the challenges that hospitals face in submitting data to public health agencies by using content analysis according to the type of challenge (i.e., technology, organization, or environment), responsible entity (i.e., hospital, public health agency, vendor, multiple), and the specific issue described. We used multivariable logistic and multinomial regression to identify characteristics of hospitals associated with experiencing the types of challenges. FINDINGS: Our findings show that of the 2,794 hospitals in our analysis, 1,696 (61%) reported experiencing at least one challenge in reporting health data to a public health agency. Organizational issues were the most frequently reported type of challenge, noted by 1,455 hospitals. The most common specific issue, reported by 1,117 hospitals, was the general resources of public health agencies. An advanced EHR system and participation in a health information exchange both decreased the likelihood of not reporting experiencing a challenge and increased the likelihood of reporting an organizational challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings inform policy recommendations such as improving data standards, increasing funding for public health agencies to improve their technological capabilities, offering workforce training programs, and increasing clarity of policy specifications and reporting. These approaches can improve the exchange of information between hospitals and public health agencies.
Patrons, Vendors, and Delivery: Print Demand Driven Acquisitions at the University of Kansas

In 2010 the University of Kansas Libraries (KUL) began a print purchase on demand acquisition (PDDA) program. This new method’s adoption was to both help improve patron discovery and compensate for...
Comparison of porcine versus bovine pericardial bioprosthesis in the mitral position.

Background There are no reports of midterm outcomes after mitral valve replacement with a 25-mm bioprosthesis in a large series of patients. This study aimed to examine perioperative and midterm outcomes of bioprosthetic valve choice, porcine or bovine pericardial, in the mitral position, focusing on 25-mm valves. Methods From 2007 to 2018, 467 patients received a mitral bioprosthesis, with or without concomitant procedures. Of these, 111 (23.8%) were porcine, and 356 (76.2%) were bovine pericardial, and 219 patients (46.9%) received a 25-mm valve. A propensity-matched cohort of 192 patients was used for outcome analyses. The influence of the valve type on midterm survival and incidence of cardiac death was assessed. Similarly, subanalysis stratified by valve size was conducted. Results In matched patients, there were no differences in midterm survival and incidence of cardiac death between the two groups (log-rank test; p = .268 and p = .097, respectively). There were no differences in midterm survival and incidence of cardiac death between the 25-mm valve and larger valve (log-rank test; p = .563 and p = .597, respectively). The Cox proportional-hazards model revealed that the valve type and 25-mm valve did not affect midterm survival (p = .487 and p = .375, respectively) and incidence of cardiac death (p = .678 and p = .562, respectively). Conclusions The choice of a porcine or bovine pericardial bioprosthesis does not affect midterm survival and cardiac death. The 25-mm valves, whether bovine or porcine, could be an appropriate alternative when the patient's body size is small.
Gender, Violence, and Human Security: Critical Feminist Perspectives

List of AcronymsPart One 1. Toward a Gender Perspective on Human SecurityAili Mari Tripp 2. What Does Postconflict Security Mean for Women?Fionnuala Ni Aolain 3. Gendering Insecurities, Informalization, and "War Economies"V. Spike PetersonPart Two 4. Securitizing Sex, Bodies, and Borders: The Resonance of Human Security Frames in Thailand's "War against Human Trafficking"Edith Kinney 5. Work and Love in the Gendered U.S. Insecurity State Lisa D. Brush 6. A Struggle for Rites: Masculinity, Violence, and Livelihoods in Karamoja, UgandaElizabeth Stites 7. From German Bus Stop to Academy Award NominationKatherine Pratt EwingPart Three 8. Feminist Collaboration with the State in Response to Sexual ViolenceKristin Bumiller 9. The Vulnerable Protecting the VulnerableLaura J. Heideman 10. Violence against Women, Human Security, and Human Rights of Women and GirlsRuth Rubio-Marin and Dorothy Estrada-Tanck 11. Integrating Gender into Human SecurityNarda Henriquez and Christina Ewig Part Four: Conclusion 12. The Discursive Politics of Gendering Human SecurityMyra Marx FerreeAbout the Contributors Index
The Studio Recordings of the Miles Davis Quintet, 1965–68

This book provides a detailed analytical perspective on Miles Davis's second quintet, perhaps the most influential jazz ensemble of the past five decades. For that reason alone, The Studio Recordin...
Ambient and elevated temperature fatigue crack growth in ceramics and ceramic composites

ABSTRACT This paper examines the mechanisms of ambient and elevated temperature fatigue crack growth in ceramic materials under cyclic compression and cyclic tension loading conditions. The paper is divided into two parts. In Part I, we examine the origin and salient features of stable Mode I fatigue crack growth from stress concentrations in a wide range of ceramic materials subject to cyclic compression. Results of experiments and analyses for ambient and elevated temperature failure are discussed for polycrystalline Al2O3, Si3N4, MgO-PSZ, Y2O3-TZP, as well as SiC whisker-reinforced Al2O3 and Si3N4. In Part II, we discuss the mechanisms of constant and variable amplitude tensile fatigue crack growth in ceramics and ceramic composites. New experimental results of crack growth rates and detailed transmission electron microscopy observations of crack-tip damage in an Al2O3-SiC composite subject to tension fatigue at 1400°C are presented. Mechanisms of fatigue crack closure in both compression and tension fatigue are briefly outlined. The fatigue characteristics of ceramic materials are compared and contrasted with those of metals in an attempt to develop an overall mechanistic perspective on cyclic load damage.
N=2 SUSY and Parafermions

As we have seen, the critical dimension for the bosonic (super)string is 26 (10); therefore, we must compactify the extra dimensions so that we have an acceptable four-dimensional phenomenology. Because, to any order in perturbation theory, the dimension of space-time seems perfectly stable, we must necessarily resort to nonperturbative methods to compactify the unwanted dimensions. However, our techniques for analyzing nonperturbative phenomena are notoriously primitive, and at present there is no way in which nonperturbative phenomena can be systematically analyzed for the string.
The Map Thief: The Gripping Story of an Esteemed Rare-Map Dealer Who Made Millions Stealing Priceless Maps

The Map Thief is an interesting, readable, informative, yet cautionary, tale of the events surrounding a series of map thefts by convicted felon E. Forbes Smiley. The author, Michael Blanding, an i...
Psychometric and Demographic Predictors of the Perceived Risk of Terrorist Threats and the Willingness to Pay for Terrorism Risk Management Programs

A 2009 national telephone survey of 924 U.S. adults assessed perceptions of terrorism and homeland security issues. Respondents rated severity of effects, level of understanding, number affected, and likelihood of four terrorist threats: poisoned water supply; explosion of a small nuclear device in a major U.S. city; an airplane attack similar to 9/11; and explosion of a bomb in a building, train, subway, or highway. Respondents rated perceived risk and willingness to pay (WTP) for dealing with each threat. Demographic, attitudinal, and party affiliation data were collected. Respondents rated bomb as highest in perceived risk but gave the highest WTP ratings to nuclear device. For both perceived risk and WTP, psychometric variables were far stronger predictors than were demographic ones. OLS regression analyses using both types of variables to predict perceived risk found only two significant demographic predictors for any threat-Democrat (a negative predictor for bomb) and white male (a significant positive predictor for airline attack). In contrast, among psychometric variables, severity, number affected, and likelihood were predictors of all four threats and level of understanding was a predictor for one. For WTP, education was a negative predictor for three threats; no other demographic variables were significant predictors for any threat. Among psychometric variables, perceived risk and number affected were positive predictors of WTP for all four threats; severity and likelihood were predictors for three; level of understanding was a significant predictor for two. Language: en
Effect of N-2-fluorenylacetamide on rat lysosomal acid phosphatase.

Administration of a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (AAF) to rats was shown to cause a depression of about 50% in lysosomal acid phosphatase activity. The effect was restricted to the enzyme of the liver and kidney. Other tissues rich in lysosomal acid phosphatase were not affected. The effect appeared to be specific for lysosomal acid phosphatase, as other lysosomal enzymes, e.g., acid ribonuclease, aryl sulfatase, β-glucuroni-dase, and cathepsin, were not affected, nor were enzymes characteristic of the other principal subcellular fractions. The depression of enzyme activity reached a maximum 10 hours after administration of AAF, persisted for 5 days, and returned to normal within the next 2 days. Neither AAF nor its principal urinary metabolite, hydroxy-AAF, inhibited lysosomal acid phosphatase in vitro, nor was it possible to demonstrate the presence of an inhibitor in the liver of treated animals. The possibility that the marked decrease in activity of the lysosomal acid phosphatase may be due to a specific inhibition of its synthesis is discussed.
Target Cuing in Visual Search: The Effects of Conformality and Display Location on the Allocation of Visual Attention:

Two experiments were performed to examine how frame of reference (world-referenced vs. screen-referenced) and target expectancy can modulate the effects of target cuing in directing attention for see-through helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). In the first experiment, the degree of world referencing was varied by the spatial accuracy of the cue; in the second, the degree of world referencing was varied more radically between a world-referenced HMD and a hand-held display. Participants were asked to detect, identify, and give azimuth information for targets hidden in terrain presented in the far domain (i.e., the world) while performing a monitoring task in the near domain (i.e., the display). The results of both experiments revealed a cost-benefit trade-off for cuing such that the presence of cuing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Analyses support the observation that this effect can be mediated by the display: The world-referenced display reduced the cost of cognitive tunneling relative to the screen-referenced display in Experiment 1; this cost was further reduced in Experiment 2 when participants were using a hand-held display. Potential applications of this research include important design guidelines and specifications for automated target recognition systems as well as any terrain-and-targeting display system in which superimposed symbology is included, specifically in assessing the costs and benefits of attentional cuing and the means by which this information is displayed.
A New Electronic Detector for FIM and AP : Initial WoW Results

A new style of charge-separation position-sensitive detector has been tested which has similar cost benefits as other charge-separation devices but has an error-awareness capability to provide an increased collection rate. The wedge-an-wedge anode is similar to the wedge-and-strip anode except that the four electrodes possess both wedge and strip character. This provides additional charge infonnation such that a plurality of positional equations occurs. This provides an error-awareness condition if multiple arrivals strike the detector. Initial results of the wedge-an-wedge detector for use as an electronic detector for imaging and analysis for atom probe microscopy are provided. These results indicate that this detector should perform adequately for atom probe microscopy.
Elastoplastic Micromechanical Damage Mechanics for Composites With Progressive Partial Fiber Debonding and Thermal Residual Stress

By incorporating interfacial damage and thermal residual stress, a novel elastoplastic damage model is proposed to predict the overall transverse mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced ductile matrix composites within the framework of micromechanics. Based on the concept of equivalent fiber, and taking the debonding angle into consideration, partially debonded isotropic fibers are replaced by equivalent orthotropic yet perfectly bonded elastic fibers. Up to three interfacial damage modes (no debonding, partial debonding and perfect debonding) are considered. The Weibull’s probabilistic function is employed to describe the varying probability of progressive partial fiber debonding. The effective elastic moduli of four-phase composites, composed of a ductile matrix and randomly located yet unidirectionally aligned fibers (undamaged/damaged) are derived by a micromechanical formulation.