cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaboration in information and library science doctoral education

Abstract Coauthorship is increasing across all areas of scholarship. Despite this trend, dissertations as sole-authored monographs are still revered as the cornerstone of doctoral education. As students learn the norms and communicative behaviors of their field during their doctoral education, do they also learn collaborative behaviors? This study investigated this issue through triangulation of 30 interviews, 215 questionnaires, and bibliometric analyses of 97 CVs in the field of library and information science (LIS). The findings demonstrate that collaboration occurs in about half of advisee/advisor relationships and is primarily understood as research dissemination outside the dissertation. Respondents reported that the dissertation was not and should not be considered a collaborative product. The discussion also includes a commentary about grant funding and the implications for this on models of academic scholarship and research production.
Mapping the organic carbon stocks of surface soils using local spatial interpolator

The largest uncertainties are associated with estimating the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock because of natural soil variability and data scarcity. Thus, a local spatial geostatistical hybrid approach, the geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK), was used in the present study to overcome some of these uncertainties. This study was designed to estimate the SOC stock (kg C m−2) for the surface 0 to 15 cm depth using the state of Pennsylvania as the study region. A total of 920 soil profiles were extracted from the National Soil Survey Center database and were divided into calibration (80%) and validation (20%) periods. Some soil parameters that include clay content, bulk density (ρb), total nitrogen (TN) content, pH, Ca2+, Na+, extractable acidity (EXACID), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were used as covariates for estimating the SOC stock. These covariates exhibited spatial autocorrelation (Moran's Index, I = 0.62 to 0.89). Further, residuals of geographically weighted regression were spatially autocorrelated, and hence support the use of the GWRK approach. Validation results concluded that the performance of the GWRK approach was the best with the lowest values of root mean square error, mean estimation error and mean absolute estimation error. The estimated SOC stock for the surface 0 to 15 cm depth ranged from 1.41 to 3.94 kg m−2. Results from this study show that the GWRK captures spatial dependent relationships, and addresses spatial non-stationarity issues, hence this approach improves the estimations of SOC stock.
Older adults: Demographics and need for quality care

The elderly are becoming important consumers of dental care because of several factors. These include (1) decreasing caries rates among children and young adults, (2) increasing numbers of older adults in the population, (3) increasing retention of natural teeth by the elderly, (4) increasing prevalence of coronal and root surface caries associated with advanced age, (5) large unmet need for prosthodontic care projected for coming years, and (6) significant disposable income available to many older persons. This article reviews the importance to dentists of physiologic and pathologic changes associated with aging and the need for developed diagnostic and clinical skills in providing dental care.
Differentiation of self and attachment among adult daughters.

The relation among the variables differentiation of see attachment to mother, and two indicators of mental health were studied in 83 no clinical adult daughters from a Southern community. An a priori causal model was proposed and tested. Bowen s (1976) theory of differentiation of self and Bowlby's (1969) attachment theory provided the conceptual framework. An operational Daughter Model was tested using the statistical program LISREL. Compared to mothers, daughters scored significantly lower on differentiation of self. Daughter's attachment to mother and daughter's level of self-differentiation were not causally related, supporting the view that differentiation of self and attachment are separate variables in personality development. The daughters’ levels of differentiation of self were positively related to positive energy, thus supporting Bowen's theory. These findings affirm the value of attachment behaviors and differentiation of self in adulthood, challenge therapists’ bias against attachment behavio...
Caveolin Isoforms Differ in Their N-terminal Protein Sequence and Subcellular Distribution. IDENTIFICATION AND EPITOPE MAPPING OF AN ISOFORM-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PROBE

Caveolin, an integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Two isoforms of caveolin have been identified: a slower migrating 24-kDa species (alpha-isoform) and a faster migrating 21-kDa species (beta-isoform). Little is known about how these isoforms differ, either structurally or functionally. Here we have begun to study the differences between these two isoforms. Microsequencing of caveolin reveals that both isoforms contain internal caveolin residues 47-77. In a second independent approach, we recombinantly expressed caveolin in a caveolin-negative cell line (FRT cells). Stable transfection of FRT cells with the full-length caveolin cDNA resulted in the expression of both caveolin isoforms, indicating that they can be derived from a single cDNA. Using extracts from caveolin-expressing FRT cells, we fortuitously identified a monoclonal antibody that recognizes only the alpha-isoform of caveolin. Epitope mapping of this monoclonal antibody reveals that it recognizes an epitope within the extreme N terminus of caveolin, specifically residues 1-21. These results suggest that alpha- and beta-isoforms of caveolin differ in their N-terminal protein sequences. To independently evaluate this possibility, we placed an epitope tag at either the extreme N or C terminus of full-length caveolin. Results of these "tagging" experiments clearly demonstrate that (i) both isoforms of caveolin contain a complete C terminus and (ii) that the alpha-isoform contains a complete N terminus while the beta-isoform lacks N-terminal-specific protein sequences. Mutational analysis reveals that these two isoforms apparently derive from the use of two alternate start sites: methionine at position 1 and an internal methionine at position 32. This would explain the approximately 3-kDa difference in their apparent migration in SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. In addition, using isoform-specific antibody probes we show that caveolin isoforms may assume a distinct but overlapping subcellular distribution by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. We discuss the possible implications of these differences between alpha- and beta-caveolin.
Modified Nasolabial Transposition Flap Provides Vestibular Lining and Cover of Alar Defect With Intact Rim

A 77-year-old woman was seen in consultation for evaluation of several basal cell carcinomas, one of which involved the left nasal ala. Resection of the basal cell carcinoma of the left ala resulted in a perforating wound measuring 3.10 × 2.5 cm. A strip of alar rim 0.2- to 0.3-cm wide was left intact. Various reconstruction options, as well as the possibility of a prosthesis were considered, and the following procedure was carried out. A superiorly based nasolabial flap was designed with sufficient length to provide both external cover and vestibular lining (Fig 1). In planning the procedure, the superior arcuate line was drawn across the flap such that incision of the flap at this point would provide a good fit in the primary defect. Then a second arcuate line was drawn 3 mm distal to the first, equaling the thickness of the alar rim. The flap was incised, elevated,
THE COLLEGE BOOKSTORE IN THE UNITED STATES

‘In ten years, more or less, it seems certain that the college bookstore will become very nearly the most important, and perhaps the most import‐ant, book outlet in America.’
Comparing prognostic and diagnostic meteorological fields and their impacts on photochemical air quality modeling

Abstract Photochemical air quality models are being used increasingly to make policy decisions. Meteorological data are one of the key inputs to these models. Currently, there are two primary techniques used to generate the gridded meteorological data for input to the air quality models: diagnostic analysis and prognostic modeling. Meteorological fields developed for the Southern California region using these two techniques are compared in two ways. First, the fields are compared directly to each other and with observed data. Second, the meteorological fields are used in photochemical airshed model simulations. The second test is used to investigate how the development of meteorological fields affects photochemical model performance, and how these fields impact control strategy evaluation. The results obtained from using prognostically-derived fields as input to a photochemical model are similar to those obtained by using diagnostically-derived fields, however, they show a lower peak ozone prediction. The reasons for these results are analyzed. The viability of using prognostic modeling to develop meteorological input to the air quality models is discussed.
The Choice of Tillage, Rotation, and Soil Testing Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications

Farmers' management practices can have a significant effect on agricultural pollution. Past research has analyzed factors influencing adoption of a single management practice. But often adoption decisions about many practices are made simultaneously, which suggests use of a polychotomous-choice model to analyze decisions. Such a model is applied to the choice of alternative management practices on cropland in the Central Nebraska Basin and controlled for self-selection and the interaction between alternative practices. The results of the choice model are used to estimate the economic and environmental effects of adopting alternative combinations of management practices.
Differential effectiveness of methylphenidate and Adderall in school-age youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effectiveness of a single dose of Adderall® (q.d.) with that of 2 daily doses of methylphenidate (b.i.d.; MPH) as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in youths ranging in age from 5 to 17 years. Forty-two youths treated with MPH were compared with 42 youths treated with Adderall®. Subjects were matched for age, sex, and DSM-IV diagnostic subtype. Method Youths were assigned to the Adderall® or MPH condition by their prescribing physician. All youths were evaluated under 5 conditions, including baseline, placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg. The best dose was assigned prior to breaking the medication blind and was assigned by the consensus of the psychologist and psychiatrist. Subjective ratings by both teachers and parents were examined for dosage level effects and medication type effects. Results Best dose was always superior to baseline and placebo conditions. No differences between MPH and Adderall® were observed on either teacher or parent ratings of behavior. Conclusions Both MPH and Adderall® have been shown to be effective treatments for children with ADHD. Both medications appear to improve teachers' and parents' ratings of behavior. Single-dose treatments of Adderall® appear to be as effective as 2 daily doses of MPH and therefore increase the possibility of managing treatment without involving the school in medication administration. In addition, youths who have previously been unsuccessfully treated with MPH because of adverse side effects or poor response may be successfully treated with Adderall®.
The effect of echo time and post-processing procedure on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity analysis.

While spontaneous BOLD fMRI signal is a common tool to map functional connectivity, unexplained inter- and intra-subject variability frequently complicates interpretation. Similar to evoked BOLD fMRI responses, spontaneous BOLD signal is expected to vary with echo time (TE) and corresponding intra/extravascular sensitivity. This may contribute to discrepant conclusions even following identical post-processing pipelines. Here we applied commonly-utilized independent component analysis (ICA) as well as seed-based correlation analysis and investigated default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN) detection from BOLD data acquired at three TEs (3T; TR=2500ms; TE=15ms, 35ms, and 55ms) and from quantitative R2* maps. Explained variance in ICA analysis was significantly higher (P<0.05) when R2*-derived maps were considered relative to single-TE data with no post-processing. While explained variance in the BOLD data increased with motion correction, R2* derived DMN and VN were minimally affected by motion correction. Explained variance increased in all data when physiological noise confounds were removed using CompCor. Notably, the R2*-derived connectivity patterns were least affected by motion and physiological noise confounds in a seed-based correlation analysis. Intermediate (35ms) and long (55ms) TE data provided similar spatial and temporal characteristics only after reducing motion and physiological noise contamination. Results provide an exemplar for how 3T spontaneous BOLD network detection varies with TE and post-processing procedure over the range of commonly acquired TE values.
Differences in aerosolization of Rift Valley fever virus resulting from choice of inhalation exposure chamber: implications for animal challenge studies.

The aerosol characteristics of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) were evaluated to achieve reproducible infection of experimental animals with aerosolized RVFV suitable for animal efficacy studies. Spray factor (SF), the ratio between the concentrations of the aerosolized agent to the agent in the aerosol generator, is used to compare performance differences between aerosol exposures. SF indicates the efficiency of the aerosolization process; a higher SF means a lower nebulizer concentration is needed to achieve a desired inhaled dose. Relative humidity levels as well as the duration of the exposure and choice of exposure chamber all impacted RVFV SF. Differences were also noted between actual and predicted minute volumes for different species of nonhuman primates. While NHP from Old World species (Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta, Chlorocebus aethiops) generally had a lower actual minute volume than predicted, the actual minute volume for marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was higher than predicted (150% for marmosets compared with an average of 35% for all other species examined). All of these factors (relative humidity, chamber, duration, and minute volume) impact the ability to reliably and reproducibly deliver a specific dose of aerosolized RVFV. The implications of these findings for future pivotal efficacy studies are discussed.
Cell-mediated immune injury in the kidney: Acute nephritis induced in the rat by azobenzenearsonate

Cell-mediated immune injury in the kidney: Acute nephritis induced in the rat by azobenzenearsonate. Cell-mediated immune mechanisms have long been suspected of playing an important role in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases. An animal model of active nephritis secondary to an exogenous antigen that requires antigen presentation to immune-competent T cells has not been developed. Consequently, the potential of kidney cells to serve as effective antigen presenting cells after an exposure to a therapeutic, biological, or environmental agent in the intact animal has not been documented. The present experiments were designed to demonstrate the capacity of the kidney to become the target for cell-mediated immune injury. A model system has been developed whereby a chemically reactive form of the hapten azobenzenearsonate is introduced directly into the left kidney of pre-immunized Brown Norway rats. Previous studies have shown that this form of the hapten requires active antigen presentation but no intracellular processing, since the reactive form of the hapten modifies directly surface expressed proteins. Delayed hypersensitivity was demonstrated in the actively immunized animals by standard lyimphocyte stimulation index and by in vivo skin testing. Peak foot pad swelling of 220 ± 13 × 10 −2 mm in response to the hapten was observed between days 11 and 14 as compared to −2 mm in the contralateral foot injected with vehicle alone and −2 mm in response to azobenzenearsonate injection in animals immunized with adjuvant alone. The exposure of the kidney to the hapten in the primed animal results in an active unilateral granulomatous nephritis with marked destruction of tubules and glomeruli. On average, 71.5 ± 5.2% of the renal cortex is affected by the inflammatory process in the actively immunized animals, compared to only 8.1 ± 3.8% in controls. The disease can be reproduced qualitatively by adoptive transfer of T cells but not by passive antibody administration to naive recipients. These studies demonstrate that intrinsic kidney cells can act as effective antigen presenting cells in the intact animal and that the kidney can become the target of a cell-mediated immune injury.
Smectic Liquid Crystals in Random Environments

We study smectic liquid crystals in random environments, e.g., aerogel. A low-temperature analysis reveals that even arbitrarily weak quenched disorder (i.e., arbitrarily low aerogel density) destroys translational (smectic) order, in agreement with recent experimental results. A harmonic approximation to the elastic energy suggests that there may be no ``smectic Bragg glass'' phase in this system: even at zero temperature, it is riddled with dislocation loops induced by the quenched disorder. This result would imply the destruction of orientational (nematic) order as well, and that the thermodynamically sharp nematic--smectic-$A$ transition is destroyed by disorder. We show, however, that the anharmonic elastic terms neglected in the above approximate treatment are important (i.e., are ``relevant'' in the renormalization group sense), and may, indeed, stabilize the smectic Bragg glass and the sharp phase transition into it. However, they do not alter our conclusion that translational (smectic) order is always destroyed. In contrast, we expect that weak annealed disorder should have no qualitative effects on the smectic order.
Trends in death rates from cerebrovascular disease in Memphis, Tennessee, 1920-1960.

Abstract Uniform coding procedures were applied to mortality data on cerebrovascular disease in Memphis, Tennessee, over a 40-yr period, 1920–1960. Although the total rate was constant during this time, contrasting trends were observed for component diseases, namely downward for cerebrovascular hemorrhage and upward for cerebrovascular occlusion. Changes in diagnostic terms and tendencies produced an increase in use of “cerebrovascular accident” as a term of convenience, but did not obscure the reversing patterns of the two major types of cerebrovascular disease. Downward trends of cerebrovascular hemorrhage and hypertensive disease and nephritis, together with upward parallels of cerebrovascular occlusion and coronary heart disease, lead to consideration of relationships in etiologies.
Cardiac Drugs in the Coronary Care Unit

"Director, Continuing Education, American College of Chest Physicians. School of Medicine. The Editors, for the past year, have had the pleasure of working with the authors in developing programs of clinical applicability. Be-, cause of the interest in the preceding communications, the complete series will be colated into a single program which will be made available to the readers of CHEST and members of cardiovascular health care teams, for a modest fee. Announcement of the publication date will be made in CHEST.
SAR Observation and Modeling of Gap Winds in the Prince William Sound of Alaska

Alaska's Prince William Sound (PWS) is a unique locale tending to have strong gap winds, especially in the winter season. To characterize and understand these strong surface winds, which have great impacts on the local marine and aviation activities, the surface wind retrieval from the Synthetic Aperture Radar data (SAR-wind) is combined with a numerical mesoscale model. Helped with the SAR-wind observations, the mesoscale model is used to study cases of strong winds and relatively weak winds to depict the nature of these winds, including the area of extent and possible causes of the wind regimes. The gap winds from the Wells Passage and the Valdez Arm are the most dominant gap winds in PWS. Though the Valdez Arm is north-south trending and Wells Passage is east-west oriented, gap winds often develop simultaneously in these two places when a low pressure system is present in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. These two gap winds often converge at the center of PWS and extend further out of the Sound through the Hinchinbrook Entrance. The pressure gradients imposed over these areas are the main driving forces for these gap winds. Additionally, the drainage from the upper stream glaciers and the blocking effect of the banks of the Valdez Arm probably play an important role in enhancing the gap wind.
The fate of isologous, homologous and heterologous ferritin molecules in the rat.

The fate of heterologous, isologous and homologous ferritin-I125 injected into rat footpads was compared by determination of radioactivity in sera and organs, and by radioautography and electron microscopy. The clearance of heterologous ferritin-I125 from circulation was significantly faster than that of isologous or homologous ferritin-I125. This was supported by measurement of radioactivity in various organs, and by radioautography and electron microscopy of popliteal lymph nodes which reveled structural details of macrophages undergoing antigen uptake. These observations permit the following conclusions. (1) In most reticuloendothelial cells there is some nonspecific pinocytosis of antigen which is not related to immunogenicity. (2) The induction of massive immunologically specific pinocytosis by macrophages may be due to specific antigen recognition by receptors located at the cell surface. (3) Heterologous ferritin ingested by macrophages are mostly found in vacuoles or scattered in the ground cytoplasm. However, some appear in the nucleoplasm, usually in association with loose strands of chromatin materials. (4) Ferritin molecules are conspicuously absent from mitochondria, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. (5) The fiber-associated reticular cells of the primary nodule and germinal centers may correspond to “dendritic reticular cells” or “dendritic macrophages,” capable of long-term retention of antigens.
CNI: a high-performance network interface for workstation clusters

Networks of workstations provide an economic solution for scalable computing because they do not require specialized components. Even though recent advances have shown that it is possible to obtain high bandwidth between applications, interconnect latency remains a serious concern. We present CNI, a cluster network interface that not only provides both low latency and high bandwidth but also efficiently supports multiple programming paradigms. This is done by functionally coupling the network adaptor board more closely to the CPU without changing the standard workstation architecture. CNI results in performance gains for applications, substantially reducing communication overhead and delay.
A PSA threshold of 4.0 ng/mL for early detection of prostate cancer: The only rational approach for men 50 years old and older

T choice of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold or cutpoint, above which one would recommend further evaluation (prostate biopsy) to rule out prostate cancer, is controversial. The PSA threshold that will most efficiently balance the dual goal of reducing prostate cancer mortality and reducing unnecessary testing (PSA measurement and biopsy) is not known. However, the available information on PSA testing would suggest that lowering the PSA threshold to less than 4.0 ng/mL for most men who undergo testing (normal risk, age 50 years or older) would result in an unacceptable increase in the number of men subjected to further testing (one or more prostate biopsies), without any evidence that this will decrease the mortality from prostate cancer. It does not seem rational at this point—given our lack of knowledge regarding the effect of PSA testing on prostate cancer mortality—to make a recommendation that would further increase the burden of PSA testing.
Applying software product line engineering in building web portals for supercomputing services

Supercomputing centers, typically non-profit, government or university-based organizations with scarce resources, are increasingly being requested to provide customized web portals for user-centered access to their services in order to support a demanding customer base. These portals often have very similar architectures and meet similar requirements, with the variations primarily being in the specialized analysis applications, and in the input and output of these applications. Given these characteristics, Software Production Line Engineering (SPLE) approaches will be valuable in enabling development teams to cost-effectively meet demands. In this paper, we demonstrate a suite of web portals developed at The Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) by applying SPLE methodologies. We show how we applied feature modeling on these applications to identify commonalities in their application level features despite differences in their problem domains. We describe a common framework (we term it Per User DrupaL, or PUDL), which serves as the common foundation for these portals. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SPLE in terms of reduced development time and effort, and discuss the technical challenges faced in this process. Finally we propose, as an extension to our work, an automation framework for portal generation, which users could build their own customized portals.
The Response and fate of the first nations (the Amerindians) to the discovery of the Americas

The original nations of the Americas represent hundreds of cultures which succsssefully adapted to a wide variety of environments that extend from the Arctic to the tip of South America. The diversity of Native cultures and kinds of social organizations which developed through time represent a high degree of complexity and variation according to the demands and necessities of the environment. The primarily economic motivation for exploration and settlement in the Americas had a direct impact on the lifestyles of the original nations of the Americas. Much of the knowledge and traditional teachings of these original peoples have been retained and are once again becoming a part of the modern reality of Native people. Native teachings can help us to understand our relationship with life and creation and expand our awareness of nature and natural cycles. As a global society we must examine our relationship with the earth and realize that our future lies in our ability to control the development we choose to impose on the environment. Native traditions have incorporated many ways to sustain the harvest of resources that do not destroy their future availability. With the assistance of Native traditions and teachings we as a global society can begin to identify patterns of nature which present us with alternatives to ecological and global crisis.
Characterization of the molecules involved in thymocyte thymic epithelial cell adhesion.

Abstract Cell to cell adhesion is important for mechanisms of cellular recognition, growth, and differentiation. The identification of molecules involved in these interactions is necessary in order to understand the molecular basis of these processes. We have previously described the development of two different thymic epithelial cell lines (TECS and TECL). Using an assay with radiolabeled thymocytes we found that thymocytes can adhere specifically to these thymic epithelial cells. This adhesion is thypsin sensitive, suggesting that involvement of specific cell surface proteins. In the present study we further characterize and begin identification of the molecules involved in this interaction. We found that thymocyte binding to thymic epithelial cells requires the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and is mediated by a molecule greater than 10,000 MW. Also, we identified several antibodies which inhibit the adhesion of thymocytes to TECS. The membrane nature of the molecule mediating this interaction was confirmed by the ability of thymocyte membranes to block the inhibitory antibodies.
Electrically elicited vocalization from the brain of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus).

Vocalizations were electrically elicited from the brains of thirty-eight male and female house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) using acute procedures and local anesthetic. Nine types of call notes were produced including notes which sounded like song elements, but complete normal song was never evoked. Vocalizations could be electrically elicited from all parts of the brain except the cerebellum, but the widest variety of calls and the points yielding vocalizations at the lowest threshold were located in the midbrain around the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis pars dorsalis. Precise anatomical localization of call type was not found and all calls were elicited from both males and females.
Balloon dilation of esophageal strictures in children

Abstract Esophageal strictures in children may develop as a primary constriction, secondary to a surgically repaired esophageal atresia (with or without tracheoesophageal fistula), as a result of chemical injury after caustic ingestion, or following esophageal surgery. Traditional treatment of esophageal strictures has been limited to dilation (using bougie dilators) with esophagoscopy under general anesthesia. Recent reports have shown success with fluoroscopically guided ballon catheter dilation. Eight children (aged 2 months to 14 years) were treated with balloon catheter dilation for focal strictures of the esophagus. In six of the eight cases, complete resolution of the strictures was achieved after an average of 7.5 dilations (range, 1 to 14). Two of the eight patients moved to another part of the country and did not complete treatment. There has been no morbidity or mortality. In selected centers, balloon catheter dilation under fluoroscopic guidance has become a safe treatment of benign esophageal strictures in children. It should be considered the treatment of choice in the initial management of esophageal narrowing and appears to safer than the more traditional methods of esophageal dilation.
The “initiator” as a transcription control element

Transcription of the lymphocyte-specific terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene begins at a single nucleotide, but no TATA box is present. We have identified a 17 bp element that is sufficient for accurate basal transcription of this gene both in vitro and in vivo. This motif, the initiator (Inr), contains within itself the transcription start site. Homology to the Inr is found in many TATA-containing genes, and specific mutagenesis influences both the efficiency and accuracy of initiation. Moreover, in the presence of either a TATA box or the SV40 21 bp repeats, a greatly increased level of transcription initiates specifically at the Inr. Thus, the Inr constitutes the simplest functional promoter that has been identified and provides one explanation for how promoters that lack TATA elements direct transcription initiation.
Investigating the impact of alliance-focused training on interpersonal process and therapists' capacity for experiential reflection.

Objective: In this article we present preliminary findings from a research program designed to investigate the value of alliance-focused training (AFT), a supervision approach designed to enhance therapists’ ability to work constructively with negative therapeutic process. Method: In the context of a multiple baseline design, all therapists began treating their patients using cognitive therapy and then joined AFT supervision groups at either session 8 or 16 of a 30 session protocol. Study I investigated the impact of AFT on patient and therapist interpersonal process as assessed through the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB). Study 2 investigated the impact of AFT on therapists’ tendency to reflect on their relationships with their patients in an experientially grounded fashion, as assessed via the Experiencing Scale (EXP). Since one of the goals of AFT is to train therapists to use their own emerging feelings as important clues regarding what may be taking place in the therapeutic relationship, we hypothesized that they would show increased levels of EXP after undergoing AFT. Results and Conclusion: The results of both studies 1 and 2 were for the most part consistent with hypotheses. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Diagnosis of celiac disease in a patient with fecal incontinence.

Background A 69-year-old white woman presented to our gastroenterology department with loose stools, daily fecal incontinence and weight loss. She had a 3-year history of fecal incontinence, which had increased in frequency and severity in the year before her most recent presentation. Prior diagnostic workup included anorectal manometry, revealing global sphincter dysfunction, which improved slightly with biofeedback therapy, and colonoscopy, which proved unremarkable. At the time of referral, the patient was taking loperamide 2mg once daily. Investigations Physical examination, fecal fat stain, abdominal CT scan, therapeutic trial of pancreatic enzymes, celiac disease serologic tests, and upper endoscopy with small-bowel biopsy. Diagnosis Celiac disease. Management Gluten-free diet.
Provider performance in the recognition and treatment of telemetered electrocardiogram patterns.

A test of electrocardiogram diagnostic skills in the form of a ten-slide presentation of six-second rhythm strips was administered to 25 emergency department nurses, 23 intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, 34 cardiac technicians (CRT, EMT) and 37 physicians. The ICU nurses had the best performance overall. Physicians had difficulty with mechanical problems, viz, loose leads, flat line and inverted leads. ICU nurses had less difficulty identifying and treating flat line than did emergency department nurses. The study's limitations were that the sample was self-selected and that the providens might respond differently to a real life situation.
The Reconstruction of Edward A. Pollard: A Rebel's Conversion to Postbellum Unionism

Edward A. Pollard of Virginia was one of the ablest journalists of his time. Until 1867, he was a fierce defender of southern institutions, but during 1867-68 he was converted into a free-labor unionist and eventually became one of the most advanced of reconstructed" southern conservatives. Maddex shows how Pollard came to accept the surrender of the old order to the new by reconstructing a past for the Old South that would be consistent philosphically with postwar realities.Originally published in 1974.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENT ATTRACTION TO AN ENGLISH COURSE: THE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG STUDENT GENDER, THE GENDER OF THE AUTHOR OF ASSIGNED READING, AND THE STYLE OF READING

This article reports the results of a factorial experiment that investigated the reactions of male and female students to a hypothetical English course offered at the community college level. The participants (N = 136) consisted of students enrolled in English 101 courses at four community colleges in a southeastern state. The independent variables were gender of the student, gender of the author assigned, and the type of reading assigned (narrative, expository). The dependent variable was a composite rating of student attraction to the English course. Females rated the course more favorably than males, and testing detected an interaction effect between gender of the student and the gender of the writer. Females preferred female authors, and males were attracted to male authors. There also was an interaction effect between gender of the author and style of writing. Participants preferred female authors and expository style. The findings have practical implications for educational programs, English instruc...
Feeding Ecology of Blue Marlins, Dolphinfish, Yellowfin Tuna, and Wahoos from the North Atlantic Ocean and Comparisons with other Oceans

We examined diet, dietary niche width, diet overlap, and prey size-predator size relationships of blue marlins Makaira nigricans, dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, and wahoos Acanthocybium solandri caught in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament (BRT) in 1998-2000 and 2003-2009 and dolphinfish captured outside the BRT from 2002 to 2004. Scombrids were important prey of blue marlins, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos; other frequently consumed prey included cephalopods (for yellowfin tuna and wahoos) and exocoetids (for yellowfin tuna). Dolphinfish diets included exocoetids, portunids, and conspecifics as important prey. Blue marlins and wahoos consumed relatively few prey species (i.e., low dietary niche width), while dolphinfish had the highest dietary niche width; yellowfin tuna had intermediate niche width values. Maximum prey size increased with dolphinfish size; however, the consumption of small prey associated with algae Sargassum spp. occurred across the full size range of dolphinfish examined. Most interspecific diet overlap values with dolphinfish were not significant; however, blue marlins, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos had significant diet overlap due to their reliance on scombrid prey. Prey types found in blue marlins, dolphinfish, and wahoos were more consistent among BRT years than prey found in yellowfin tuna. The prey of yellowfin tuna and wahoos collected during BRT years correlated with historic (early 1980s) diet data from North Carolina, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Bahamas. Based on principal components analysis, diets from several oceans clustered together for blue marlins, dolphinfish, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos. Although differences were found, the diets of each predator were largely consistent both temporally (e.g., over the past three decades in the Gulf Stream) and spatially (among oceans), despite potential effects of fishing or environmental changes.
Addressing the Social Determinants of Health to Reduce Tobacco-Related Disparities

Introduction: Comprehensive tobacco prevention and control efforts that include implementing smoke-free air laws, increasing tobacco prices, conducting hard-hitting mass media campaigns, and making evidence-based cessation treatments available are effective in reducing tobacco use in the general population. However, if these interventions are not implemented in an equitable manner, certain population groups may be left out causing or exacerbating disparities in tobacco use. Disparities in tobacco use have, in part, stemmed from inequities in the way tobacco control policies and programs have been adopted and implemented to reach and impact the most vulnerable segments of the population that have the highest rates of smokings (e.g., those with lower education and incomes). Methods: Education and income are the 2 main social determinants of health that negatively impact health. However, there are other social determinants of health that must be considered for tobacco control policies to be effective in reducing tobacco-related disparities. This article will provide an overview of how tobacco control policies and programs can address key social determinants of health in order to achieve equity and eliminate disparities in tobacco prevention and control. Results: Tobacco control policy interventions can be effective in addressing the social determinants of health in tobacco prevention and control to achieve equity and eliminate tobacco-related disparities when they are implemented consistently and equitably across all population groups. Conclusions: Taking a social determinants of health approach in tobacco prevention and control will be necessary to achieve equity and eliminate tobacco-related disparities.
Airborne Emissions of Mercury from Municipal Landfill Operations: A Short-Term Measurement Study in Florida.

ABSTRACT Large quantities of mercury (Hg) have been placed in municipal landfills from a wide array of sources, including fluorescent lights, batteries, electrical switches, thermometers, and general waste. Despite its known volatility, persistence, and toxicity in the environment, the fate of this Hg has not been widely studied. Using automated flux chambers and atmospheric sampling, we quantified the primary pathways of Hg vapor releases to the atmosphere at two municipal landfill operations in south Florida for eight days in April 1997. These pathways included landfill gas (LFG) releases from passive and active vent systems, passive emissions from landfill surface covers of different ages (including CH4 “hot spots”), and emissions from daily activities at a working face (WF). Hg vapor was released to the atmosphere at readily detectable rates from all sources measured. Emission rates ranged from ~1 to 20 ng m-2 hr-1 over aged surface covers (generally comparable to background soils), from ~6 to 2400 ng...
New Ways of Thinking about Environmentalism: Elaborating on Gender Differences in Environmentalism

A review of recent research (1988 to 1998) on gender differences in environmental attitudes and behaviors found that, contrary to past inconsistencies, a clearer picture has emerged: Women report stronger environmental attitudes and behaviors than men. Additional evidence of gender differences in environmental attitudes and behaviors was also supported across age (Study 1) and across 14 countries (Study 2). As a single variable, the effect of gender on proenvironmental behavior was consistently stronger than on environmental attitudes. Explanations for gender differences in environmentalism were examined in Study 3. It was found that compared to males, females had higher levels of socialization to be other oriented and socially responsible. Implications for theory, social action, and policy are discussed.
The preparation of novel 1-propenyl ethers and their cationic photopolymerization

A series of nine difunctional 1-propenyl ether monomers bearing ether, ester, carbonate, and urethane groups were prepared based on trimethylolpropane diallyl ether as the starting material. The monomers were fully characterized and then subjected to photoinitiated cationic polymerization using diaryliodonium salts as photoinitiators. The course of the polymerizations was followed using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy and the relative reactivities of the various monomers were determined. It could be shown that the differences in reactivity could be related mainly to the basicity of the functional group introduced into the molecule.
Standardized Characterization of Electrocatalytic Electrodes

This paper investigates the utility of ‘cross–lab’ comparative analysis of electrocatalytic electrode performance using standardized modular stack cells and test protocols. Using poly(methylene green)-modified glassy carbon electrodes as the model system, we characterized electrode fabrication and performance with respect to the catalytic oxidation of NADH at neutral pH and low overpotential. Three sets of experiments were duplicated across four independent laboratories and the experimental results from each set were analyzed and compared in terms of key electroanalytical parameters. Statistical analyses were performed at three distinct levels: 1) the standard deviation among repetitive cycles within an experiment; 2) the standard deviation among repetitive experiments in the same laboratory, and 3) the standard deviation among experiments performed across all four laboratories. Using predefined criteria of ‘reproducibility’ for each level, most parameters were found to be statistically reproducible at most levels. When a particular parameter was found to be irreproducible in a given level, commentary is given on how that information can be used diagnose what chemical/physical aspects of the process were uncontrolled or poorly understood and therefore candidates for future research. This exercise, which is presented as a ‘proof–of-principle’ step towards the concept of standardizing electrocatalytic evaluation, illustrates the importance of executing electrochemical characterization protocols across several labs and using fixed geometry and dimensions, system configuration, and applied electrochemical conditions. Future work is under way to extend these principles to systems with fluid flow.
Estimation of oblique electroweak corrections

I will first review the experimental limits placed on the oblique correction parameters S and T. Then, I will discuss how the value of S can be estimated for running and walking technicolor theories.
Impulsivity moderates the association between depressive rumination and number of quit attempt failures by smokers

Negative mood states have been shown to increase the likelihood of relapse among smokers attempting to quit. Rumination increases the vulnerability to depression among smokers, a relationship that is intensified by impulsivity. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between depressive rumination and impulsivity on smokers’ (n = 53) lifetime quit attempt failures. Depressive rumination was positively associated with number of quit attempt failures. As hypothesized, there was a significant interaction between depressive rumination and impulsivity. At high levels of impulsivity, there was a strong positive association between depressive rumination and number of quit attempt failures. However, at low levels of impulsivity the association between depressive rumination and quit attempt failures was diminished and not significant. The results support an affect regulation model of quit attempt failures, whereby impulsivity strengthens effects of depressive rumination, decreasing the likelihood of...