cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nature and development of the so-called glands of the cervix uteri.

Abstract This study is based on the examination of 82 specimens of the cervix uteri, of which 15 were from premature babies from the twenty-sixth to the thirtyseventh week of gestation, 28 from newborn infants at term, and 39 from infants and children from the ages of 2 weeks to 14 years. The main conclusions were reached chiefly from the study of relatively thick microscopic sections cleared in xylol and oil of wintergreen. The cervical canal in premature babies is characterized by a complicated system of longitudinal, transverse, and oblique folds of the mucosa and its underlying stroma. The cervical mucosa of newborn babies at term presents a very marked secretory and proliferative activity of the lining epithelium. The folds previously noted become more pronounced and in addition there are numerous secondary outgrowths involving both the mucosal folds and the free surfaces of the canal. Following birth, the cervical mucosa undergoes a regression from the stage of development attained in the newborn but the general configuration of multiple folds with secondary outgrowths persists at least until the age of 14 years. There were no instances during this age period of well-defined tubular glands extending downward from the surface and branching irregularly in the manner of racemose glands.
More comprehensive discussion of CRC screening associated with higher screening

OBJECTIVES Examine association of comprehensiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening discussion by primary care physicians (PCPs) with completion of CRC screening. STUDY DESIGN Observational study in Kaiser Permanente Northwest, a group-model health maintenance organization. METHODS A total of 883 participants overdue for CRC screening received an automated telephone call (ATC) between April and June 2009 encouraging CRC screening. Between January and March 2010, participants completed a survey on PCPs' discussion of CRC screening and patient beliefs regarding screening. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE receipt of CRC screening (assessed by electronic medical record [EMR], 9 months after ATC). Primary independent variable: comprehensiveness of CRC screening discussion by PCPs (7-item scale). Secondary independent variables: perceived benefits of screening (4-item scale assessing respondents' agreement with benefits of timely screening) and primary care utilization (EMR; 9 months after ATC). The independent association of variables with CRC screening was assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS Average scores for comprehensiveness of CRC discussion and perceived benefits were 0.4 (range 0-1) and 4.0 (range 1-5), respectively. A total of 28.2% (n = 249) completed screening, 84% of whom had survey assessments after their screening date. Of screeners, 95.2% completed the fecal immunochemical test. More comprehensive discussion of CRC screening was associated with increased screening (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-2.21). Higher perceived benefits (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.13-1.90) and 1 or more PCP visits (OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 3.87-8.74) were also associated with increased screening. CONCLUSIONS More comprehensive discussion of CRC screening was independently associated with increased CRC screening. Primary care utilization was even more strongly associated with CRC screening, irrespective of discussion of CRC screening.
Regulation of Ahr signaling by Nrf2 during development : effects of Nrf2a deficiency on PCB126 embryotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The embryotoxicity of co-planar PCBs is regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and has been reported to involve oxidative stress. Ahr participates in crosstalk with another transcription factor, Nfe2l2, or Nrf2. Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements to regulate the adaptive response to oxidative stress. To explore aspects of the crosstalk between Nrf2 and Ahr and its impact on development, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a mutated DNA binding domain in Nrf2a (nrf2a(fh318/fh318)), rendering these embryos more sensitive to oxidative stress. Embryos were exposed to 2 nM or 5 nM PCB126 at 24 h post fertilization (prim-5 stage of pharyngula) and examined for gene expression and morphology at 4 days post fertilization (dpf; protruding - mouth stage). Nrf2a mutant eleutheroembryos were more sensitive to PCB126 toxicity at 4 dpf, and in the absence of treatment also displayed some subtle developmental differences from wildtype embryos, including delayed inflation of the swim bladder and smaller yolk sacs. We used qPCR to measure changes in expression of the nrf gene family, keap1a, keap1b, the ahr gene family, and known target genes. cyp1a induction by PCB126 was enhanced in the Nrf2a mutants (156-fold in wildtypes vs. 228-fold in mutants exposed to 5 nM). Decreased expression of heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 (hmox1) in the Nrf2a mutants was accompanied by increased nrf2b expression. Target genes of Nrf2a and AhR2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (nqo1) and glutathione S-transferase, alpha-like (gsta1), showed a 2-5-fold increase in expression in the Nrf2a mutants as compared to wildtype. This study elucidates the interaction between two important transcription factor pathways in the developmental toxicity of co-planar PCBs.
New Developments in OCT Imaging Technology

We review recent advances in the use of low-coherence spectral interferometry to obtain nanometer to micron-scale measurements of structure, motion, and molecular composition in living cells, tissues, and organisms.
Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures using closed loop control. Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group.

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to evaluate electrode temperatures obtained using a radiofrequency ablation system that incorporates closed loop feedback control to achieve preset target electrode temperatures and to determine if closed loop temperature control results in a lower incidence of developing a coagulum.METHODS AND RESULTSTwo hundred seventy patients underwent catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, an accessory pathway, and/or the atrioventricular junction using an ablation system incorporating closed loop feedback control. Forty-five patients underwent catheter ablation in the power control mode in which power output was fixed, and 225 patients underwent catheter ablation in the temperature control mode. A coagulum occurred during 0.8% of radiofrequency applications in the temperature control mode versus 2.2% in the power control mode (P < .01). Electrode temperatures were within 10 degrees C of the targeted temperature during 35% of applications in the temp...
MIGRATION AND DIFFUSION OF BINARY ELECTROLYTES UNDER A CONSTANT CURRENT II

Abstract The problem in title is analyzed for dilute solutions with no substantial intenonic effects and with the diffusivity and the electrophoretic mobility being related via the Nernst-Einslein equation. The case is considered of only the positive ion reacting at the electrodes, being produced at the anode and consumed at the cathode, With the electroneutrality condition as a first approximation, the equations for the average concentration and the electric field are decoupled and solved analytically. Then the deviation from electroneutrality is calculated in the second approximation via Poisson' s equation. The problem has a steady state if the current is smaller than a certain value. With this analysis and measurements of concentrations at different times, electrophoretic mobilities of the two ions can be calculated. The implications for interpreting measurements in microelectrophoresis and electrophoretic mass transport analysis are discussed
Two thymidine hydroxylases differentially regulate the formation of glucosylated DNA at regions flanking polymerase II polycistronic transcription units throughout the genome of Trypanosoma brucei

Base J is a hypermodified DNA base localized primarily to telomeric regions of the genome of Trypanosoma brucei. We have previously characterized two thymidine-hydroxylases (TH), JBP1 and JBP2, which regulate J-biosynthesis. JBP2 is a chromatin re-modeling protein that induces de novo J-synthesis, allowing JBP1, a J-DNA binding protein, to stimulate additional J-synthesis. Here, we show that both JBP2 and JBP1 are capable of stimulating de novo J-synthesis. We localized the JBP1- and JBP2-stimulated J by anti-J immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing. This genome-wide analysis revealed an enrichment of base J at regions flanking polymerase II polycistronic transcription units (Pol II PTUs) throughout the T. brucei genome. Chromosome-internal J deposition is primarily mediated by JBP1, whereas JBP2-stimulated J deposition at the telomeric regions. However, the maintenance of J at JBP1-specific regions is dependent on JBP2 SWI/SNF and TH activity. That similar regions of Leishmania major also contain base J highlights the functional importance of the modified base at Pol II PTUs within members of the kinetoplastid family. The regulation of J synthesis/localization by two THs and potential biological function of J in regulating kinetoplastid gene expression is discussed.
Lysozyme refolding with cyclodextrins: structure–activity relationship

Cyclodextrins (CDs), in the presence or absence of detergents, have been reported to suppress aggregate formation during the refolding of a number of proteins. A structure-activity relationship study between CD chemistry and refolding of lysozyme was performed and compared to carbonic anhydrase, in order to better understand the mechanism of CD-assisted protein refolding and to identify CDs that could function as good protein folding agents. Among the natural CDs, which have only hydroxyl groups, alpha-CD, with a smaller cavity size was more effective than the oligosaccharide with a larger cavity, gamma-CD. Replacement of the hydroxyls with other functional groups did not improve, but could seriously interfere, with the lysozyme refolding ability of alpha-CD. In case of gamma-CD, substitution of its hydroxyls with other groups either enhanced or diminished its refolding capability towards lysozyme. In general, neutral CDs were better refolding agents than the charged sugars. The presence of anionic substituents like carboxyl and phosphate groups actually promoted aggregate formation and completely abolished the sugar's refolding ability. This effect was more pronounced with lysozyme than with carbonic anhydrase. CDs with cationic functional groups did not show any significant effects on lysozyme refolding. The presence of both anionic and cationic substituents on the same CD molecule was found to partially restore its renaturation ability. Electrophoresis data indicate that CDs, which promoted lysozyme refolding, arrested aggregation at the stage of smaller soluble aggregates. Interestingly, the structure-activity relationship observed with lysozyme was quite similar to that reported for a non-disulfide protein, carbonic anhydrase. These results suggest that the effects of CDs on protein refolding are attributed to their ability to suppress aggregation of proteins. CDs may show properties similar to chaotropic agents, which may help explain their anti-aggregation and protein refolding ability. Besides alpha-CD, a number of other neutral CDs were found to be effective protein folding aids.
The Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway Utilizes Early Steps of Endocytosis and Actin Polymerization to Deliver Cargo Proteins to the Vacuole for Degradation

When glucose is added to yeast cells that are starved for 3 days, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and malate dehydrogenase 2 are degraded in the vacuole via the vacuole import and degradation (Vid) pathway. In this study, we examined the distribution of FBPase at the ultrastructural level. FBPase was observed in areas close to the plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic structures that are heterogeneous in size and density. We have isolated these intracellular structures that contain FBPase, the Vid vesicle marker Vid24p, and the endosomal marker Pep12p. They appeared irregular in size and shape. In yeast, actin polymerization plays an important role in early steps of endocytosis. Mutants that affect actin polymerization inhibited FBPase degradation, suggesting that actin polymerization is important for FBPase degradation. Both FBPase and malate dehydrogenase 2 were associated with actin patches. Vid vesicle proteins such as Vid24p or Sec28p were also at actin patches, although they dissociated from these structures at later time points. We propose that Vid24p and Sec28p are present at actin patches during glucose starvation. Cargo proteins arrive at these sites following the addition of glucose, and the endocytic vesicles then pinch off from the plasma membrane. Following the fusion of endosomes with the vacuole, cargo proteins are then degraded in the vacuole.
CLA-MAC: A cooperative extension of load adaptive MAC protocol

The use of cooperative communications techniques has proven to significantly improve network performance. In this paper, we propose a cooperative extension of load adaptive MAC (LA-MAC) protocol proposed earlier by us as a hybrid CSMA-TDMA protocol for MANETs. We describe the design and GNU radio implementation of our protocol to which we refer as cooperative LA-MAC (CLA-MAC). Our protocol design takes into account frame structure, message exchange, multiple relay selection policies, and contention avoidance. The relay selection policies of the protocol include two practically viable alternatives, namely, the nearest neighbor and largest harmonic mean channel. Experiments confirm that both relay selection policies proposed by CLA-MAC protocol can achieve lower packet error rates and smaller packet delays compared to the original LA-MAC in the cases of poor signal quality reception at a destination.
Potential role of viruses in thrombosis and atherosclerosis.

Viruses have been implicated as triggers of endothelial injury initiating the process of atherosclerosis. Because patients with atherosclerosis suffer acute events associated with arterial thrombi obstructing a vital vessel, the role of viruses in promoting a procoagulant endothelium has been explored. This review targets the evidence that viruses contribute to atherogenesis, and discusses mechanisms by which specific herpes viruses promote inflammation and thrombosis.
4744 Endoscopic small intestine biopsy: comparison of two techniques.

Background: The importance of histologic interpretation to establish the diagnosis of diseases affecting the small bowel is well recognized. There is no consensus regarding enteroscopic biopsy technique and the number of biopsies required to enable an adequate histologic diagnosis. Purpose: To assess the utility of endoscopically obtained biopsies in the histologic evaluation of the small bowel and to compare the quality of biopsies obtained taking one piece ("single-bite") versus two pieces ("double-bite") with a single passage of the forceps. Methods: Patients undergoing push enteroscopy (Olympus SIF-100) requiring small bowel biopsies were included in the study. A standard biopsy forceps with serrated jaws and central needle (Boston Scientific/Microvasive, Watertown, MA) was utilized. A total of nine specimens were taken from each patient: three "single-bite" and three "double-bite" biopsies in alternative fashion. A specimen was considered adequate for interpretation if contained full thickness mucosa with two or more contiguous, complete, and well oriented villous-crypt gland complexes, and there was no interference due to squashing or fragmentation. Specimens from each patient were evaluated individually for the above criteria and as a group to assess suitability to make a histological diagnosis. Results: Thirty patients were included in the study for an expected total of 270 biopsy specimens. All 90 "single-bite" (100%) but only 153/180 (85%) expected "double-bite" specimens were recovered (p
Copyright in the networked world : using facts

Purpose – The purpose of this column is to look at how US copyright law deals with facts and what can reasonably be considered as a fact.Design/methodology/approach – The US statutes and case law are examined, as well as standard practices within academic settings for the use and analysis of facts.Findings – Using facts may require a risk assessment under certain circumstances. Although facts cannot be protected under US law, compilations of facts can have protection under the European Database Directive, and certain apparent facts, such as normal human body temperature, represent judgments based on extensive research and analysis. It is not always clear when a research result achieves the status of a fact and is therefore exempt from copyright protection.Originality/value – The use of facts is an essential part of scholarly work and factual compilations are important tools for many scholarly communities. Understanding how far facts may be used and manipulated helps researchers and teachers who have grown...
FACTORS THAT DRIVERS SAY MOTIVATE SAFE DRIVING PRACTICES

This national survey was designed to identify factors that motivate safe driving behaviors and to determine how people rate the safety of their driving. It was found that drivers tended to rate themselves above average in terms of being safe drivers. Negative consequences such as the potential for a car crash and increase in car insurance were cited as important factors in increasing concern for safe driving. It was concluded that increased enforcement and awareness of negative outcomes may be effective in promoting safe driving practices.
Tactical Fiber Optic LAN For Voice And Data

An asynchronous high-speed fiber optic local area network is described that simultaneously supports packet data traffic with synchronous T1 voice traffic over a standard asynchronous FDDI token ring channel. A voice interface module (VIM) was developed that parses, buffers, and resynchronizes the voice data to the packet network. The technique is general, however, and can be applied to any deterministic class of networks, including multi-tier backbones. In addition, the higher layer packet data protocols may operate independently of those for the voice thereby permitting great flexibility in reconfiguring the network. Voice call setup and switching functions are performed external to the network with PABX equipment.
OIL RECOVERY WITH NOVEL SKIMMER SURFACES UNDER COLD CLIMATE CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT Increasing oil exploration, production and transport in Arctic waters will increase the risk of an oil spill occurring in cold and ice-infested waters. The mechanical oil spill recovery equipment currently used in warmer waters was not designed to collect much more viscous oils, or oil-ice mixtures. The presence of ice crystals in oil emulsions affects the adhesion processes between an oil slick and the surface of an oleophilic skimmer and prevents oil from being efficiently recovered. Novel drum skimmer surface geometry and materials, tailored to the conditions present under cold climates, are expected to significantly increase the rate of oil recovery, reducing cost and risk. The objective of this project was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the adhesion between oil or ice-in-oil mixtures and various surface patterns and materials, under cold climate conditions. This knowledge was then applied to improve existing mechanical response equipment so that it can be applied efficiently under th...
The heat capacities of organic compounds at low temperatures. iii. an adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacities at low temperatures

Abstract 1. I. An adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacities at low temperatures has been devised which gives results consistent to about 1 2 per cent. 2. 2. It is faster and simpler in operation, more economical than the present most used type and applicable to a wider range of organic compounds because of its small size (8 cc.). 3. 3. The heat of fusion of toluene was found to be 1584 calories/mol. at 177.94° K. 4. 4. The heat capacity of touluene was found from 100° K. to 250° K. by comparison with benzene.
Securing National Resources From Theft: An Exploratory Theoretical Analysis

The poaching of wildlife resources on the continent of Africa is a serious issue, affecting the long-term survivability of endangered species and the economic stability of many counties. This exploratory study examines the crime of poaching in 6 selected research sites in the nation of South Africa in the context of routine activities theory. Findings show that routine activities theory is an appropriate theoretical construct to understand how the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardianship as measured through physical protection measures contribute to the poaching problem.
Clinical and laboratory implications of acute HIV-1 infection

Summary Increasing evidence suggests that early, aggressive antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute HIV-1 infection may have significant virologic, immunologic, and clinical benefits. Recent guidelines established by the International AIDS Society-USA panel recommend the initiation of HAART during primary infection (20). However, it is clear that the diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection often is not considered or healthcare providers are confused regarding the appropriate way to diagnosis acute infection. When an individual presents with a mononucleosis-like illness, healthcare providers should be aware of the patient's clinical history, particularly possible instances of high-risk exposure. To establish the diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection, either the quantitative PCR-based HIV-1 RNA assay, the qualitative HIV-1 bDNA assay, or the p24-antigen ELISA test can be used to detect circulating HIV-1. The level of circulating HIV-1 during acute infection is typically very high and therefore low positive results from these tests should be interpreted with caution, and the assays should be repeated to rule out false-positive results. Moreover, the results from the HIV-1/2 antibody ELISA tests during acute infection are characteristically negative, which is usually supported by a negative or evolving Western blot. Finally, a diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection should always be confirmed by subsequent seroconversion of the patient as circulating HIV-1-specific antibodies become detectable by the HIV-1/2 antibody ELISA as well as by Western blot.
About the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS)

Abstract The International Union of Psychological Science WsyS carries out many and varied activities on behalf of psychological science around the world. Since its establishment in 1951, the IUPsyS has worked to promote the aim stated in its Statutes: “the development of psychological science, whether biological or social, normal or abnormal, pure or applied.” It has grown steadily to include more and more National Members around the world and has found increasing numbers of ways to promote psychological science. The Union is the largest and most representative international psychological organization, and it serves as the international voice of psychological science.
A Highly Sensitive System for the in Vitro Assembly of Bacteriophage (ø29 of Bacillus subtilis

Abstract A sensitive system for the assay of bacteriophage o29 assembly in vitro was developed using 12 recombinant proteins and synthetic pRNA. This system detected in vitro assembled infectious phages up to 10 7 plaque forming units (PFU) per milliliter without any background. o29 DNA-gp3 concentration dependence in phage assembly was found to be first order, while the DNA-packaging protein gp16 dependence was higher order. The requirement for specific o29 pRNA for o29 DNA packaging was confirmed by the finding that no plaques were formed when only Escherichia coli RNAs were present. The activity of a mutant pRNA, with 10 5 -fold reduction in DNA packaging efficiency, was also demonstrated. Additionally, the tail proteins were found to have dual roles, one acting as phage fails and the other stabilizing the DNA-gp3 filled capsids.
Effects of methylphenidate on learning a ‘beginning reading vocabulary’ by normal adults

The effects of methylphenidate on reading was studied by having nine adults learn a beginning vocabulary of 96 Chinese characters under placebo and 5 mg and 10 mg methylphenidate by two teaching methods which differed in the rate at which new items were introduced for practice. Using lists composed of 12 characters and their English equivalents; all items were presented prior to the start of practice trials (simultaneous method), or each item was introduced only as the subject practiced items previously presented (progressive method). Learning performance was analyzed in terms of total errors and errors made at two criterion stages in list acquisition. Overall performance was significantly facilitated by the low (5 mg) dose of methylphenidate, but only with the simultaneous method. Significant drug effects were also obtained at criterion stages which were associated with high error rates. It was concluded that drug effects are likely to be most pronounced in difficult learning situations and that dosage appears to be an important variable for consideration in further studies.
Determination of barium and strontium in sea water

Abstract A process based on ion-exchange concentration and separation followed by flame photometry has been developed for the determination of strontium and barium at natural levels in sea water. These elements are stripped from 1-I samples of sea water by means of a cation-exchange resin in the calcium form and selectively eluted with CyDTA and EDTA respectively. Factors influencing the intensity of strontium and barium in hydrogen flames have been studied. The standard deviations of the method are 0.05 p.p.m. for strontium and 0.6 p.p.b. for barium and the accuracy of the method is more than sufficient to demonstrate clearly the variability of Sr/Cl and Ba/Cl ratios with depth and location
The Use of Comorian Documents

The Comorian archipelago is located at the northern end of the Mozambique channel in the western Indian Ocean. Of volcanic origin, the archipelago consists of four major islands and several smaller ones which, for many centuries, have been the sites of ports for ships from Asia, Africa, and Europe. They played an especially prominent role in the networks of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century and were involved in the maritime trade much earlier.2 As one would expect of people involved in trade over a long period of time, Comorians have been keepers of records. Thus, the Comoro Islands have become a rich source of both written and oral documents. Some of the numerous documents that have been discovered on
A new era for veterinary nursing

ABSTRACT:The role of the veterinary nurse has expanded over the years and with it the need for a team of well-trained, competent and caring nurses; this, in turn, has placed a great demand on students, colleges and practices. This article explores the developing role of veterinary nurses in practice and explains how the Central Qualifications (CQ) innovative approach to training supports the profession.
Response to McGahan and Porter's commentary on ‘Industry, corporate and business‐segment effects and business performance: a non‐parametric approach’

In the comment on Ruefli and Wiggins (2003), a number of points are made supporting the variance component analysis approach to determining the importance of industry, corporate, and business segment factors on business segment performance. This response addresses in more detail the nature of the methodological and statistical assumptions made by variance components analysis or ANOVA and their implications for the ‘puzzling’ results obtained when these techniques are employed. The response then contrasts the variance-based methodologies with a non-parametric approach used in Ruefli and Wiggins (2003) that makes fewer and weaker assumptions and yields more robust and more internally consistent results. The response also examines the limitations of employing an autoregressive approach to measuring persistence of abnormal profits and contrasts it with a non-parametric methodology presented in the article. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Model for Predicting Outcomes of Sexual Harassment Complaints by Race and Gender

Organizational scholars have studied the impact of sex on sexual harassment outcomes but left unexplored the influences of race. Thus, we use social identity theory to explore the role of race stereotypes and their influences on sexual harassment outcomes. We posit that stereotypes of African-American women tend to be much more negative than those of white women and this serves to marginalize their position both as victims of sexual harassment as well as complainants.
Robust pin layout design for sheet-panel locating

Sheet panels, represented as freeform surfaces in a CAD system, are widely used in manufacturing processes. Locating blocks and pins, collectively known as locators, are the most common fixtures for the joining and assembly of sheet panels. In this paper, a robust design approach is utilized to optimize the pin layout so that the sheet panel variations, expressed as translational and orientational variations at certain key product/process characteristic points (KPCs), are minimized. The advantage of this approach is that the locating variations at any given point on the panel can be obtained quantitatively, and hence, the optimal pin design can be selected from among an infinite set of feasible designs. Based on the analyses, some useful pin design guidelines will also be proposed.
Retrosigmoid approach to vestibular schwannomas

The treatment of vestibular schwannomas has evolved and changed. Depending on presenting symptoms, tumor size, and age of the patient, the options include observation, surgical resection, and radiosurgery. The surgical approaches include retrosigmoid, middle fossa, translabyrinthine, and transpetrous approaches or their combinations. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. The selected approach, among other factors, depends on the patient's hearing status, the tumor size, and the surgeon's experience. The retrosigmoid approach is familiar to most neurosurgeons. It provides good exposure of the pertinent vascular and nervous tissues, while making hearing preservation possible.
Techniques for the construction of small and fast lexical analyzers

The paper discusses two major issues in the construction of table-driven lexical analyzers. It first examines an encoding of FSM state actions which allows the system to be truly table-driven with little or no program modification required to change the FSM being modeled. This encoding makes use of the knowledge that these actions are typically drawn from a reasonably small set. The second issue involves the storage of the "next-state" or transition table used by almost all general purpose scanning systems. A fortuitous encoding of FSM states can result in large savings in space with little cost in time. These techniques can be combined with the standard automata-theoretic approach to yield efficient analyzers.Previous results have shown that the speed of compilation is heavily influenced by the speed of the lexical analyzer. Therefore, these techniques could be used to improve the speed of new or already existing compilers.
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding chicken liver α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase

Abstract Chicken liver α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (αAGA) specifically removes terminally α-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine from oligosaccharide chains on the surface of group A erythrocytes. Here, we report the molecular cloning of a αAGA cDNA by both library screening and PCR amplification. The clone contains a 1.2-kb 3'-untranslated region and 1.2-kb coding region which encodes a 45-kDa protein. The protein was produced in bacteria and in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and is specifically recognized on Western blot by an antibody raised against the purified chicken liver enzyme. Enzymatic activity was detected when αAGA was produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 80% homology with human αAGA and about 60% homology with α-galactosidases from a number of sources, indicating that these two families of exoglycosidases are evolutionarily related.
Ontological semantic technology for detecting insider threat and social engineering

This paper describes a computational system for detecting unintentional inferences in casual unsolicited and unrestricted verbal output of individuals, potentially responsible for leaked classified information to people with unauthorized access. Uses of the system for cases of insider threat and/or social engineering are discussed. Brief introductions to Ontological Semantic Technology and Natural Language Information Assurance and Security are included.
In situ measurements of chemical sensor film dynamics by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Partitioning of a chromophore

Spectroscopic ellipsometry data are presented that describe the dynamics of the partitioning of a model chromophore (Ru(bpy)32+) into a thin porous solid film (Nafion). Backside optical interrogation permitted the study of the film at wavelengths where the bathing solution containing the chromophore significantly absorbed light. Data acquired in situ while the model chromophore Ru(bpy)32+ partitioned into the film were successfully interpreted using an optical multilayer layer model. This model was constructed by sequential experimental examination of the individual component layers of the system. A quantitative description of the dynamic film was achieved by assembling a model film layer that contained Tauc-Lorentz oscillators to describe both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index using the Kramer-Kronig relationship. Subsequent analysis of experimental data using the model resulted in a quantitative description of how the optical constants and thickness of the film changed as chromophore ...
Cleidocranial dysostosis—A prosthodontic problem

Abstract The general physical and dental findings of cleidocranial dysostosis were described. The diagnosis and treatment of two patients have been presented. Each patient had the classic dental and oral abnormalities of this disorder. The first patient was treated by extracting all of the erupted teeth and making complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. The second patient was treated by retaining all teeth but one and constructing an overlay maxillary denture and a mandibular removable partial denture. Both methods were successful, dramatically improving the patients' function, appearance, and morale.
Correlation Factors for Impurity Diffusion. bcc, Diamond, and fcc Structures

A general equation for the impurity correlation factor is derived in terms of effective escape frequencies. This equation applies even when the vacancy-jump frequency for association of a vacancy-impurity complex differs from the frequency far from an impurity. Parameters in this equation are calculated for body-centered cubic, diamond, and face-centered cubic structures. In these calculations, it is assumed that vacancy jumps which do not involve a nearest neighbor of the impurity are unaffected by the impurity but that association and dissociation jumps, which do involve nearest neighbors of the impurity, are affected. Analytical expressions for the correlation factor in terms of vacancy-jump-frequency ratios are obtained. In the bcc and fcc structures, results are given for two cases: (A) where all dissociative jumps are equally likely, and (B) where a vacancy which makes a dissociative jump to a second-nearest-neighbor site is still partially bound to the impurity, but vacancies which make dissociative jumps to other sites are not. In the diamond structure, case A cannot be distinguished from case B. Results for the diamond structure and for case A in the fcc structure differ only slightly from previous more approximate results. A comparison is made between the present random-walk method of calculating correlation factors and the pair-association method.
In-situ measurements of the aerosol size distributions, physicochemistry and light absorption properties of Arctic haze

Thermal and optical techniques were used at Barrow, Alaska during AGASP II (3/20/86–4/7/86) to measure in-situ variability of major aerosol components present in Arctic Haze. The experiment provided continuous data on the concentration, size distribution and relative proportions of sulfate species and refractory aerosol for particle diameters of 0.15 to 5 μm. Filter samples were also taken for determination of aerosol optical absorption due to soot (EC-elemental carbon). Although pronounced haze “events” were absence during this period the haze aerosol present varied in concentration between 2 and 6 μg/m3 but showed little change in relative constituents. Apart from local influences, the optical data indicated a persistent fine-mode sulfate aerosol with a NH4 +/SO4 − molar ratio of about 0.4 and a refractory component of somewhat less than 10% by mass. A preliminary comparison of soot estimates determined from the light absorption data with the size distributions of refractory aerosol observed independently by the optical particle counter showed good agreement during the sample period. In the absence of local pollution, values of single scatter albedo derived from light scattering and light absorption showed similar variation about the average value of 0.86 found by us during flights north of Barrow three years earlier during AGASP I.
Restricted Active Site Docking by Enzyme-bound Substrate Enforces the Ordered Cleavage of Prothrombin by Prothrombinase

The preferred pathway for prothrombin activation by prothrombinase involves initial cleavage at Arg320 to produce meizothrombin, which is then cleaved at Arg271 to liberate thrombin. Exosite binding drives substrate affinity and is independent of the bond being cleaved. The pathway for cleavage is determined by large differences in Vmax for cleavage at the two sites within intact prothrombin. By fluorescence binding studies in the absence of catalysis, we have assessed the ability of the individual cleavage sites to engage the active site of Xa within prothrombinase at equilibrium. Using a panel of recombinant cleavage site mutants, we show that in intact prothrombin, the Arg320 site effectively engages the active site in a 1:1 interaction between substrate and enzyme. In contrast, the Arg271 site binds to the active site poorly in an interaction that is ∼600-fold weaker. Perceived substrate affinity is independent of active site engagement by either cleavage site. We further show that prior cleavage at the 320 site or the stabilization of the uncleaved zymogen in a proteinase-like state facilitates efficient docking of Arg271 at the active site of prothrombinase. Therefore, we establish direct relationships between docking of either cleavage site at the active site of the catalyst, the Vmax for cleavage at that site, substrate conformation, and the resulting pathway for prothrombin cleavage. Exosite tethering of the substrate in either the zymogen or proteinase conformation dictates which cleavage site can engage the active site of the catalyst and enforces the sequential cleavage of prothrombin by prothrombinase.
Nuclear track method for neutron-induced radionuclide mapping with applications to uranium distributions in superconductors

Intermetallic and oxide superconductors can be improved by internal heavy ion irradiation damage produced by doping the materials with uranium followed by neutron-induced fission. The uniformity or the scale of the lack of it in the uranium distribution is critical to whether the superconducting phase is uniformly irradiated and the effect optimized. In this work we describe, first, how one can measure the distribution and, second, what it is in recently tested Y-Ba-Cu and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide superconductors. The bulk of this work is a primarily tutorial description of the solid-state-track detector method, concentrating on optimizing spatial resolution. It reviews existing work, emphasizing examples of doped intermetallic superconductors; it also includes some new quantitative aspects of the technique. The second part gives results from using these techniques on oxide superconductors, for which the resolution is pushed to its limits. Nevertheless, it is good enough to conclude that in Y-Ba-Cu-O the uranium is mostly within the superconducting phase. In Bi-Pb-Ca-Sr-O it can be said only that the uranium is not primarily in minor phases. Resolution in that material is such that the uranium could either uniformly coat grains or lie within them.
Christians and the Arabic Qurʾān: Prooftexting, Polemics, and Intertwined Scriptures

‭Christians living in the World of Islam have had a lively interaction with the Qurʾān ever since it became widely available in the Arabic-speaking milieu of Umayyad and Abbasid times. This article discusses the multifaceted aspects of this interaction as they are disclosed in texts written by Christians in Greek, Syriac, and Arabic from the eighth through the thirteenth centuries. Christian writers quoted from the Islamic scripture, imitated its diction and style, wrote polemics against it, used its words and phrases as proof texts in their own apologetic texts, and appealed to the religious authority of the Qurʾān for its probative value. In many ways the Qurʾān effectively structured Christian religious discourse in Arabic and this article explores some of the ways this was the case.‬
Contemporary Trends in Infant/Preschool Aquatics—Into the 1990s and Beyond

Abstract One of the profound, yet subtle, changes in infant/preschool aquatic programs is the gradual shift away from teacher-centered methods of instruction toward more child-centered, developmental programs.
Improve patient safety by leap(frog)s and bounds.

The Leapfrog Group recommends that payers, providers, and vendors collaborate to develop patient safety solutions.
What's a Feminist Therapist to Do? Engaging the Relational Paradox in a Post-Feminist Culture

The advances that women have made in public and private venues are often attributed to the successive feminist movements. One of the ironies of the 21st century, however, is that women's accomplishments are sometimes cited as proof that feminist consciousness is passe. This stance generates profound confusion and disempowerment for young women whose experience of embedded misogyny is contradicted by distortions of post-feminist discourse, one outcome of which is disconnection from socio-political context. This article illustrates the use Relational-Cultural therapy as a feminist approach that fosters healing and growth by facilitating both personal and collective empowerment.
Computer usage patterns of university faculty members across the life span

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine age-related trends in computer utilization. Faculty members at a southeastern university completed a questionnaire regarding their use of computers in general and a specific computer application, the on-line library system at the campus library. The 521 respondents were divided into four age groups (ages 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years). At least 90% of each age group reported using computers weekly or more, but older faculty members did not use as many different computer applications as the younger cohorts. All age groups were equally familiar with the on-line library system, but the older respondents reported being less comfortable using it. The older faculty members appeared to be selective in the computer applications they used and were interested in receiving training on the library system. There was little evidence that these older individuals were avoidant of new technology. The results are discussed in light of common stereotypes of older adults and their technology utilization.
Contextual metadata: faceted schemas in virtual library communities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the information needs of one user group, public library fiction readers, in order to reveal a design of an online community at the local level. Examination of user‐generated metadata can reveal new approaches to information architecture.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review into behaviors of virtual communities; surveying public library readers regarding search behavior characteristics – the survey included a sample “tagging” exercise to determine whether public library communities could create meaningful metadata for retrieval purposes.Findings – The use of relevance as an indicator of tag quality is flawed: in a survey, public library readers “tagged” the novel The Da Vinci Code. The resulting collection of tags provided a richer description of the book than did the social book‐related web site www.librarything.com. Tag collections can be broken down into different categories, each reflecting a different “facet” of the novel: character, plot,...
Achieving bilateral symmetry during vertebrate limb development.

While the various internal organs of vertebrates display many obvious left–right asymmetries in their location and/or morphology, external features exhibit a high degree of bilateral symmetry. How this external bilateral symmetry is established during development is largely unknown. In this review, we explore several mechanisms, in place during development, that regulate the final size of the limb. These mechanisms rely on the presence of positive signaling feedback loops during limb bud growth. Through the activity of these signaling loops and their eventual breakdown when the limb bud has reached a certain size, bilateral symmetry can be achieved.
Mechanistic analysis of trans C-N reductive elimination from a square-planar macrocyclic aryl-copper(III) complex.

A net trans C–N reductive elimination reaction is observed from a macrocyclic aryl-CuIII complex, and a mechanistic study of this reaction indicates that coordinating ligands play a role in mediating this unusual transformation.
The outer limits&#8212;Intense beam devices

The advent of low-impedance accelerators in the early sixties was followed rapidly by wide ranging research efforts to understand not only the physics of intense beams but also the complete range of potential applications. A major research effort has been directed toward an investigation of microwave generation using intense relativistic electron beams. Primary research efforts have followed one of two general approaches: high-voltage extension of conventional microwave tube circuits or exploitation of new techniques of power production which emphasize the relativistic character of the electron beam. Indicative of the first approach are the gigawatt klystron development at Varian and the ultra-high power magnetron work at MIT and NRL. Although a primary incentive of these efforts was the achievement of high peak power, fundamental advances have been made in the computational analysis of crossed-field devices. Within the second approach, two primary techniques for power generation have emerged; the electron cyclotron maser and the free electron laser. U.S. and Soviet activities in these areas have not only produced impressive powers at high frequency but also have provided the basis for new areas of tube research
Application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in evaluation of the lower extremity.

This article reviews current magnetic resonance imaging techniques for imaging the lower extremity, focusing on imaging of the knee, ankle, and hip joints. Recent advancements in MRI include imaging at 7 Tesla, using multiple receiver channels, T2* imaging, and metal suppression techniques, allowing more detailed visualization of complex anatomy, evaluation of morphological changes within articular cartilage, and imaging around orthopedic hardware.
The putative cell receptors for hepatitis B virus (HBV), annexin V, and apolipoprotein H, bind to lipid components of HBV.

Abstract Annexin V and apolipoprotein H, reported to bind hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presumed to react specifically with the HBsAg S protein and to play an important role in initiation of infection by hepatis B virus, did not bind to delipidated HBsAg (dIHBsAg). Binding activity was restored by adding lipids to dIHBsAg. These results are consistent with the established affinity of annexin V and apolipoprotein H for lipids.