cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling a system of systems to analyze requirements

To help systems engineers select a method for modeling large complex systems during the requirements phase of systems engineering, and also help researchers develop better models and methods, this paper identifies the semantics, mathematical basis, and attributes needed to model a system of systems. We use these model characteristics to compare several practical languages and methods that engineers use for systems engineering, Distributed Computing Design System (basis for Vitech's method, CORE), Statemate, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). We identify which methods excel in a specific area, and why. For example, we show why the method used in Statemate to control activities should be used in SysML.
JADE: Self-adaptive differential evolution with fast and reliable convergence performance

A new differential evolution algorithm, JADE, is proposed to improve the rate and the reliability of convergence performance by implementing a new mutation strategy 'DE/current-to-p-best' and controlling the parameters in a self-adaptive manner. The 'DE/current-to-p-best' is a generalization of 'DE/current-to-best'. It diversifies the population but still inherits the fast convergence property. Self-adaptation is beneficial for performance improvement. Also, it avoids the requirement of prior knowledge about parameter settings and thus works well without user interaction. Compared to other self-adaptive DE algorithms, JADE converges faster and reliably in at least 10 out of a set of 13 benchmark problems and shows competitive results in other cases as well. Simulations results also clearly show that there is no single parameter value suitable for various problems or even at different optimization stages of a single problem.
Factors Affecting Estimates of Average Watershed Slope

The sensitivity of average watershed slope, or Y -slope, to digital elevation model (DEM) grid size and source are examined by using high resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. The results confirm previous findings that Y -slope is inversely proportional to DEM grid size. The sensitivity of Y -slope estimates to grid resolution makes it less desirable as a slope metric than main channel slope, which has been shown to remain constant up to 90-m resolutions. A comparison of Y -slope estimates from LiDAR DEMs and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) DEMs shows that those based on the USGS DEMs are systematically underbiased. Differences between slope metrics and estimation methods can be significant. Y -slope estimates that are based on an alternative contour-based method are comparable to the DEM-based estimates. However, both estimates of Y -slope differ considerably from the main channel slope. Developers of hydrologic response time formulas should adopt standard protocols for estimating slope metr...
Gaussian Maximum Likelihood and Contextual Classification Algorithms for Multicrop Classification Experiments Using Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner Sensor Data

In this paper we present the results of a study of performance of a previously proposed classification technique on real remotesensor imagery. Testing has been achieved in the framework of an analysis of variance experiment designed to compare thematic mapper (TM) versus multispectral scanner (MSS) image data under the view-point of classification accuracy. The improvements of TM relative to MSS consist in (Fl) three additional spectral bands, (F2) increased radiometric resolution, and (F3) increased spatial resolution. The impacts of factors FI-F3, with or without context (factor F4), were evaluated by a four-factor analysis of the variance experiment, by repeated classification runs on 1) a TM data set, and 2) suitably degraded versions of the same set. Figures of increase/decrease in classification accuracy due to any combinations of the four factors have been computed, along with the corresponding levels of significance. Simultaneously acquired TM and MSS data sets have been used, together with photographic data acquired in coincidence with the satellite overpass (as control data for classification accuracy computation). The relaxation algorithms proposed in a previous paper have been used to assess the impact of the contextual factor.
Pulsed power diagnostics for power IGBTS

The power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is used in many applications. While the use of the power IGBT is well characterized for many continuous operation power electronics applications, little published information is available regarding the performance of a given IGBT for pulsed power applications. This paper presents an analysis of diagnostics capable of being used in the characterization of IGBTs under pulsed power conditions. Specifically, signals of up to 4.5 kV and 1 kA with approximately a 5 µs pulse width will be applied to a given IGBT. The diagnostic probes presented provide an effective means of measurement while protecting the sensitive test bench equipment. Measurements such as the maximum collector current and maximum collector-emitter voltage are presented for the Powerex QIS4506001 IGBT to demonstrate the effectiveness of these diagnostic probes.
A Statistical Extended-Range Tropical Forecast Model Based on the Slow Evolution of the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract In this study, a statistical model is developed that exploits the slow evolution of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) to predict tropical rainfall variability at long lead times (i.e., 5–20 days). The model is based on a field-to-field decomposition that uses previous and present pentads of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR; predictors) to predict future pentads of OLR (predictands). The model was developed using 30–70-day bandpassed OLR data from 1979 to 1989 and validated on data from 1990 to 1996. For the validation period, the model exhibits temporal correlations to observed bandpassed data of about 0.5–0.9 over a significant region of the Eastern Hemisphere at lead times from 5 to 20 days, after which the correlation drops rapidly with increasing lead time. Correlations against observed total anomalies are on the order of 0.3–0.5 over a smaller region of the Eastern Hemisphere. Comparing the skill values from the above OLR-based model, along with those from an identical statistical model us...
Unique Flexibility Patterns of PDB Entries

Solid bodies obtain characteristic mass and charge distributions, principle rotational axes as well as internal symmetry axes. Internal symmetry axes are uniquely identified by Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) and are widely used in the fields of engineering and seismology to model the redistribution of modest energy influxes into non-rigid bodies. NMA of protein systems rapidly and reproduceably identify their internal flexibility characteristics. Protein systems typically consist of thousands of atoms and three times as many Cartesian degrees of freedom (dofs). These systems can equally well be characterized by their internal dofs: bond lengths, bond angles and bond rotations. Small energy perturbations like thermal baths primarily activate bond-rotations or dihedrals. Use of dihedral dofs ensures that bond lengths and bond angles remain stereochemically sound. We have shown that use of these dofs combined with distance- and atom-dependent Hookian potentials correctly reproduce theoretical dispersion spectra. Use of linearized potentials permits NMA of PDB coordinates: No initial, structure-distorting energy minimization is required. This feature permits analyses of PDB structures that differ only slightly such as (i) two isoforms of the same X-ray electron density, (ii) the same structure solved in two different crystal forms, or (iii) two evolutionary related proteins that share high structural, not sequence, homology. We examine the modal signatures of several cases and report meaningful differences. In one, glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanases, the A and B isoforms of the same crystal place three out of 302 residues in alternate conformations. Their modal analyses reveal significant differences in their slowest modes, consistent with predictions that GH-10 members consist of two subgroups with differing mobility. In another, the modal analysis of two closely related tertiary structures with low sequence homology, lactadherin and Factor VIII glycoprotein, reveal significant differences consistent with H/D exchange data.
An Approach to Modeling Particle-Based and Contact-Based Wear in CMP

A volume-pixel, or “voxel”-based wear model was developed in order to predict feature-scale wear in chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), and was compared to the measured evolution of lithographically-patterned features during full-scale CMP tests. In order to conduct this study, a lithographic technique was used in order to pattern a set of raised square features into Cu-coated silicon wafers. A two-dimensional (2D) contact profilometer was used to measure the topography of an isolated feature on the wafer both before polishing and at various intervals throughout the polishing process. For wear modeling, the voxel modeling framework involved the conversion of each of the pre-polished feature topographies into a square matrix of cuboids, which allowed for contact mechanics and wear modeling to take place between the interacting cuboids of the sample and a simulated polishing pad. After the predicted wear of the Cu feature was then compared to experiment.
Characteristics associated with pain in long-term care residents with dementia

This article describes the prevalence, assessment, and treatment of pain, as well as characteristics associated with pain, in 331 residents with dementia in 45 assisted living facilities and nursing homes. Overall, 21% of residents had pain, and pain was more commonly reported in for-profit facilities, and for those receiving professional assessment and treatment.
The Dual-Analog Gamepad as a Practical Platform for Live Electronics Instrument and Interface Design

This paper demonstrates the practical benefits and performance opportunities of using the dual-analog gamepad as a controller for real-time live electronics. Numerous diverse instruments and interfaces, as well as detailed control mappings, are described. Approaches to instrument and preset switching are also presented. While all of the instrument implementations presented are made available through the Martingale Pd library, resources for other synthesis languages are also described.
MO-C-BRB-00: President's Symposium: Inspiring Leadership

With the profound changes currently occurring in medicine, the role of the medical physicist cannot stagnate, but must evolve to meet the challenges and opportunities that are presented. Medical physicists must understand these changes and establish themselves not only as relevant but as leaders in this new environment. We must increase our presence in clinical settings such as tumor boards, patient rounds, and the development of new diagnosis, imaging, and treatment techniques. By establishing ourselves as competent scientists, we can and must participate in the development of technologies through research, teaching, and clinical implementation. As medical physicists we must define our roles and value to our physician colleagues, patients, referring physicians, and senior administrators. We cannot afford to be viewed solely as quality assurance technologists, but need to move forward in step with medical and practice advances, becoming recognized as having a leadership role in providing quality research, technological development, and quality patient care. In this session, four leaders in medical research and healthcare will discuss their observations on how medical physicists have contributed to advancements in healthcare and opportunities to continue leadership in providing quality medicine through the applications of physics to research, education, and clinical practice. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the changes in the healthcare environment and how medical physicists can contribute to improving patient care. 2.Learn how medical physicists are currently leading research efforts to improve clinical imaging and diagnosis. 3.Understand the role of medical physicists in developing new technology and leading its translation into clinical care.
Homeownership and America's Financial Underclass: Homeowner Harm and the Blame Game

The recent housing slump had a more devastating effect on the economy than any U.S. housing crisis since the Depression. Homeowners with no savings, no jobs, and stagnant income (assuming they were employed) found themselves trapped in homes they could not afford and could not sell. Much to the dismay of homeowners, the same lenders who aggressively marketed and eagerly approved the exotic high-risk loans that let them buy homes during the housing boom were unwilling to let them refinance those high-cost, high-risk loans. The short- and long-term harms that the recent recession has had on U.S. households have been catastrophic, and every entity that participated in the housing boom shares part of the blame for causing the housing crash. Everyone – lenders, borrowers, and the U.S. government – had unrealistic and unsustainable expectations about continued house price appreciation. And each participant engaged in risky behavior because of those expectations. HARM: BY THE NUMBERS By 2005, lenders and investors began to lose confidence in the value of subprime mortgages and mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Lenders became less willing to lend to struggling homeowners (or to the entities who had invested in these high-risk MBSs). Lenders set higher thresholds for borrowers to qualify for mortgage loans, and by 2011 even the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) approved fewer loans to borrowers with low credit scores. Because of these more restrictive lending requirements, the percentage of high loan-to-value (LTV) mortgage loans to borrowers who made less than a 10 percent down payment dropped from 30 percent in 2007 to 7 percent by 2009. Because of tighter lending standards, fewer homeowners were able to continue treating their homes like ATMs. As a result, while the proportion of cash-out refinances (where homeowners borrowed against their homes to remove equity) to total mortgage loan refinances was 70 percent in 2006, the proportion was cut in half (to 35 percent) by the end of 2009. With little equity in their homes, high unemployment rates, and no way to refinance their unaffordable mortgages, homeowners were trapped. They could not afford to repay their mortgage loans, they could not refinance those loans, and they could not sell their homes.
An Overview on the Applications of Matrix Theory in Wireless Communications and Signal Processing

This paper overviews the key applications enabled by matrix theory in two major fields of interest in electrical engineering, namely wireless communications and signal processing. The paper focuses on the fundamental role played by matrices in modeling and optimization of wireless communication systems, and in detection, extraction and processing of the information embedded in signals. Among the major applications in wireless communications, the role of matrix representations and decompositions in characterizing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems is described. In addition, this paper points out the important contribution made by matrices in solving signal estimation and detection problems. Special attention is given to the implementation of matrices in sensor array signal processing and the design of adaptive filters. Furthermore, the crucial role played by matrices in representing and processing digital images is depicted by several illustrative applications. This paper concludes with some applications of matrix theory in the area of compressive sensing of signals and by outlining a few open research problems for future study.
Geoengineering, marine microalgae, and climate stabilization in the 21st century

Society has set ambitious targets for stabilizing mean global temperature. To attain these targets, it will have to reduce CO2 emissions to near zero by mid-century and subsequently remove CO2 from the atmosphere during the latter half of the century. There is a recognized need to develop technologies for CO2 removal; however, attempts to develop direct air capture systems have faced both energetic and financial constraints. Recently, BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) has emerged as a leading candidate for removing CO2 from the atmosphere. However, BECCS can have negative consequences on land, nutrient, and water use as well as biodiversity and food production. Here, we describe an alternative approach based on the large-scale industrial production of marine microalgae. When cultivated with proper attention to power, carbon, and nutrient sources, microalgae can be processed to produce a variety of biopetroleum products, including carbon neutral biofuels for the transportation sector and long-lived, potentially carbon-negative construction materials for the built environment. In addition to these direct roles in mitigating and potentially reversing the effects of fossil CO2 emissions, microalgae can also play an important indirect role. Because microalgae exhibit much higher primary production rates than terrestrial plants, they require much less land area to produce an equivalent amount of bioenergy and/or food. On a global scale, the avoided emissions resulting from displacement of conventional agriculture may exceed the benefits of microalgae biofuels in achieving climate stabilization goals.
Dynamics in Input Sourcing

This explores the dynamics of intermediate input sourcing using the confidential U.S. customs trade data from the U.S. Census. I document three key empirical facts on sourcing dynamics, and explain them using a model on supplier uncertainty and learning. I find first that new suppliers have high entry and exit rates, and second, they are given lower shares on average than incumbent suppliers. Third, over time, suppliers' shares tend to converge to an equal level. To explain these facts, I test the two key empirical implications from the Rauch and Watson model. First, supplier uncertainty leads to small orders to new suppliers, and second higher search cost leads to longer relationships. I find evidence consistent with the model and hypothesis of learning.
Advanced Therapies: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) refers to the application of multisite ventricular pacing with the goal of normalizing left and right ventricular timing (i.e., resynchronizing) that has been disturbed by heart disease. Current CRT methods are imperfect, but they do represent a major advance in managing systolic heart failure (HF). As an “advanced” therapy, CRT offers the advantages of both being widely available (as opposed to, e.g., ventricular assist devices or heart transplantation) and having abundant data supporting its clinical utility (as opposed to, e.g., the current state of stem cell therapy). Further, to the extent that CRT improves inotropy, it is unique in that, unlike pharmacologic inotropic agents such as dobutamine [1] or milrinone [2], it does not increase—and may decrease—mortality.
A photochemical flow reactor for large scale syntheses of aglain and rocaglate natural product analogues

Herein, we report the development of continuous flow photoreactors for large scale ESIPT-mediated [3+2]-photocycloaddition of 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyflavone and cinnamate-derived dipolarophiles. These reactors can be efficiently numbered up to increase throughput two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding batch reactions.
Linear stability of two-layer Couette flows

The stability of two-layer Couette flow is investigated under variations in viscosity ratio, thickness ratio, interfacial tension and density ratio. The effects of the base flow on eigenvalue spectra are explained. A new type of interfacial mode is discovered at low viscosity ratio with properties that are different from Yih’s original interfacial mode (Yih, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 27, 1967, pp. 337–352). No unstable Tollmien–Schlichting waves were found over the range of parameters considered in this work. The results for thin films with different thicknesses can be collapsed onto a single curve if the Reynolds number and wavenumber are suitably defined based on the parameters of the thin layer. Interfacial tension always has a stabilizing effect, but the effects of density ratio cannot be so easily generalized. Neutral stability curves for water–alkane and water–air systems are presented as an initial step towards better understanding the effects of flow stability on the longevity and performance of liquid-infused surfaces and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Resistance to the Resisters

This chapter is an explication of the sixth section (“Resistance to the Resisters”) of “The Freudian Thing.” This section is devoted to developing a powerful critique of ideas about “defenses” and “resistances” originating with Anna Freud’s 1936 The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. Underestimating the expressive potency of unconscious truths, Anna-Freud-inspired ego psychologists fail and/or refuse to see and interpret the returns of the repressed that occur in and through analysands’ very efforts to defend against or resist the repressed. This section’s title indicts these analysts for thereby “resisting” the unconscious, with Lacan calling for resistance against these resisters. He relatedly rebuts ego-psychological notions about the role of the analysand’s ego in the analytic process.
Complete Depolymerization and Repolymerization of a Sugar Poly(orthoester)

The capability of a polymer to depolymerize, regenerating its original monomer for further polymerization, is very attractive in terms of sustainability. Recently discovered sugar poly(orthoesters) are an important class of glycopolymer. The high sensitivity of the backbone orthoester linkage toward acidolysis provides a valuable model to study the depolymerization. Herein, a sugar poly(orthoester) is shown to be completely depolymerized under acidic conditions. Interestingly, instead of the original monomer, the depolymerization gave a stable cyclic product (1,6-anhydro glucopyranose) in most cases, which was kinetically and thermodynamically favored. However, this pathway could be inhibited by chemically deactivating a key intermediate and thus favoring the formation of the original monomer. Efficient repolymerizaton of the regenerated monomer is also demonstrated.
Immediate Removal From Activity After Sport-Related Concussion Is Associated With Shorter Clinical Recovery and Less Severe Symptoms in Collegiate Student-Athletes.

Background:Timely removal from activity after concussion symptoms remains problematic despite heightened awareness. Previous studies indicated potential adverse effects of continuing to participate...
Playing Nuclear War: Learning Postmodern War from Modern Physics

Both Steven Dietz and Tom Stoppard have written plays that enact modern physics to rupture the ordinary logics of spatio-temporal causality within their plots. Viewed together, the two plays suggest a gamification of nuclear warfare and, more generally, international relations. As the stakes had been elaborated throughout the Cold War, both plays turn from those to concerns with the players of these games and the effects not of winning or losing but of the game itself. Ultimately the limitations of knowledge experienced by the characters, limitations created by the disarrayed space-time accepted and created within the plays, work to alter both the decisions the characters can make and the judgments audiences might cast on those characters.
Approximation and Optimization for Stochastic Networks

We describe a computational experiment directed at the problem of improving a stochastic network such as those found in logistics planning. Standard methods of simulation optimization can be very slow, especially for large networks. We suggest a two-phase approach using stochastic network approximations in place of most of the simulation runs required in the conventional approach. We present a simple example of balancing an airlift network, in which this approach successfully solves the problem in much less time than simulation would have required. We also discuss further work currently in progress to refine and extend this approach.
La colección de Moseh ben Maimón en la Biblioteca Universitaria de Illinois, Urbana. Ediciones de los siglos XVI y XVII

The present work protends to study the presence in the library of the University of Illinois (Urbana, Illinois) of an important collection of ten theological and legal works by Moses ben Maimon, Maimonides. It provides a complete bibliographic information, including the references in catalogues and the localization of the extant copies of this rare bibliographic material in Latin and Hebrew, published posthu­mously.
The Biochemical Basis of 5-Bromouracil- and 2-Aminopurine-Induced Mutagenesis

We describe in vitro measurements of heteroduplex base mispaired intermediates involving 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine in A·T → G·C and G·C → A·T transition mutation pathways. For the case of 2-amino- purine, 2-aminopurine·cytosine mispairs are formed at a much higher frequency than adenine·cytosine mispairs in either transition path­way. For the case of 5-bromouracil, at least a 40-fold increase in 5-bromouracil-guanine mispairs are observed over thymine·guanine mispairs but only in the A·T → G·C pathway. In the A·T → G·C pathway, mispairs involving 5-bromouracil are formed 2.5-fold more frequently to those involving thymine suggesting perhaps that 5-bromouracil may exhibit substantially different base-pairing behavior depending on whether it is present as a template base or as a deoxyribonucleosides triphosphate substrate. The effect of the base analogs on dNTP pool size perturbations is discussed. A measurement of dNTP pools in 2-aminopurine mutagenized bacteriophage T4-infected cells is presented. An approximate eight-fold expansion in common dNTP pools is observed in a ts L141 antimutator genetic background compared to wild type T4 43+ and ts L56 mutator backgrounds. The effects of distorted dNTP pools on mutagenesis will be considered.
Hydrolysis of cytoskeletal proteins by the Ca2+-dependent protease during platelet activation.

Platelets contain large amounts of cytoskeletal proteins that are important in directing many of the functional activities of platelets.1 The major component of the cytoskeleton is actin, which is the most abundant protein in platelets, comprising 15–20% of the total protein. In unstimulated platelets, about 40% of this actin is polymerized into filaments2 while the remainder is mono-meric and is prevented from polymerizing by its interaction with profilin.3 Upon platelet activation, many changes in the organization of actin occur. There is a rapid increase in actin polymerization4,5; actin-binding protein binds to the filaments, which become cross-linked into networks2 and aligned into bundles in filopodia. 6–8 Myosin becomes phosphorylated,9 causing it to associate with actin filaments,10 thus generating the tension required for centralization of granules. These events occur during times at which platelets are changing shape, extending filopodia, and secreting their granule contents. At later times, when clot retraction is occurring, filament networks are disrupted, and platelets consist almost entirely of long filopodia that are filled with actin filaments arranged in parallel bundles.11
Obturator Nerve Entrapment

The obturator nerve originates from the second, third, and fourth lumbar roots within the substance of the psoas muscle and, after passing along the floor of the pelvis, goes through the obturator canal, giving rise to both motor and sensory elements. Involvement of this nerve is rare and, when present, is usually not by a local process. The nerve generally becomes compromised in the obturator canal by the obturator membrane.
A Commentary on Strategies and Incentives to Improve Biodiversity in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones

Biodiversity in arid and semi-arid zones is the total variability of living organisms and the genes they contain from all ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and ecosystems. Untold numbers of arid and semi-arid zone species have become extinct in the past 100 years, and every arid zone on the earth can be cited in the list of habitats containing rare and endangered species.
Distributed Strain Sensing Using Electrical Time Domain Reflectometry With Nanocomposites

The objective of this study is to validate distributed strain sensing using electrical time domain reflectometry (ETDR) with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based thin film sensing elements. The proposed ETDR sensor composed of two types of transmission lines: parallel-wire-type transmission line and parallel-plate-type transmission line, ( i.e. , with MWCNT-based sensing elements). The hypothesis was that the greater strain-induced impedance changes of the nanocomposite would enhance ETDR sensing performance. In this paper, four different types of ETDR sensing elements were subjected to one-cycle uniaxial tensile strains to validate strain sensing. Three sensing elements were then integrated in an ETDR setup, and strain patterns were applied for validating their distributed strain sensing behavior.
Elevation and azimuth-aided channel estimation scheme for airborne hyperspectral data transmission

A channel-estimation (CE) scheme is proposed to estimate the complex amplitude, Doppler shift, angle-of-departure, and angle-of-arrival of the channel taps for sparse and doubly selective channels for hyperspectral image transmission from unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) to ground stations. The proposed method is dubbed as compressed-sensing joint parameter estimation (CS-JPE) and finds the channel parameters matrix by employing a compressed-sensing (CS)-based method. Afterward, a modified version of the joint parameter estimation (JPE) is proposed as CS-JPE and is dubbed as M-CS-JPE, which employs the elevation-azimuth angles of the line-of-sight channel tap to estimate the channel parameters with higher accuracy and lower computational complexity compared to the CS-JPE scheme. For higher accuracy of the M-CS-JPE, an elevation-azimuth angle estimation is proposed and is dubbed as fractal-structure-array since it uses a fractal structure for the placement of the UAV antennas. The performance of the CE methods is appraised by simulating transmission of AVIRIS hyperspectral data via the communication channel and evaluating their accuracy for the classification after demodulation. Compared to the least-square method, the simulation results indicate up to 30-dB figure of merit in the bit-error-rate and 10 times improvement in the hyperspectral image classification fidelity.
Cardiac pulsatility mapping and vessel type identification using laser speckle contrast imaging

Systemic flow variations caused by the cardiac cycle can play a role or be an important marker in both normal and pathological conditions. The shape, magnitude and propagation speed of the flow pulse reflect mechanical properties of the vasculature and are known to vary significantly with vascular diseases. Most conventional techniques are not capable of imaging cardiac activity in the microcirculation due to spatial and/or temporal resolution limitations and instead make inferences about propagation speed by making measurements at two points along an artery. Here, we apply laser speckle contrast imaging to images with high spatial resolution in the high frequency harmonics of cardiac activity in the cerebral cortex of a mouse. We reveal vessel dependent variation in the cardiac pulse activity and use this information to automatically identify arteries and veins.
The Compatibility of Freedom, Equality and a Communitarian Notion of the Self

In this paper Werhane takes issue with a communitarian analysis of the self as a personality created solely by reference to the context of one’s community. A communitarian notion of the self explains how individuals change and develop their identity, or identities, throughout the course of their lifetimes. This can arise commonly as the result of new experiences and the exposure(s) to differing social relationships, education, cultures, religions and ideas. However, such a description of the self, Werhane argues, cannot explain the existence of the subject or locus of all these activities. For Werhane, this “I,” or subject ego, persists throughout these changes. It is that subject self, an idea that is derived from what Kant (1999 (1787) calls the “transcendental unity of apperception,” and appealing to the writings of Walzer and Levinas, that Werhane argues accounts for human choices and the ability to step back and study ourselves and, thus, for the ability to make the choices that may steer oneself in another direction.
On-Wafer Graphene Devices for THz Applications Using a High-Yield Fabrication Process

We characterize a novel fabrication procedure for the implementation of large arrays of subwavelength graphene devices. With the proposed process, we can now integrate graphene layers on large substrate areas (> 4 cm2) and implement thousands of devices with high-yield (> 90 %). Examples of such systems include broadband THz phased arrays and metasurfaces that can be used in THz imaging and sensing. Current nano-fabrication processes hinder the proliferation of large arrays due to the fragile nature of graphene. Conversely, we use titanium sacrificial layers to protect the delicate graphene throughout the fabrication process. Thus, we minimize graphene delamination and enable multiple devices on large-area substrates with high-yield. In addition, we present a series of on-wafer measurement results in the 220-330 GHz band, verifying the robustness of our fabrication process.
Writing with Blood: The Transformative Pedagogy of Teaching Students to Write Manifestos

Given that manifestos are an understudied genre of writing, few undergraduate students learn about their history, style, and potential political impact. This essay reviews the history of manifestos, followed by descriptions of teaching students to write their own manifesto in an upper-division women and gender studies course I teach on radical writings. The rewards and possibilities of manifesto writing, alongside the hazards of teaching manifesto writing in a formalized institutional setting like academia, are explored.
Childhood Vision Screening in Western South Dakota: Examining Barriers to Post-Vision Screening Follow-up Referral.

Background Poor follow-up after post-screening referral is a challenge faced by vision screening organizations. This study examines barriers to follow-up eye care in children who were referred for a comprehensive eye exam following a vision screening event in western South Dakota. Methods Children referred for a comprehensive eye exam following a screening event by Northern Plains Eye Foundation Western South Dakota Lions Children's Vision Screening Initiative (CVSI) from September 2014 to February 2015 were identified for a telephone survey. Parents/guardians of these children were contacted and asked a series of questions aimed at assessing the barriers to obtaining eye care. Results Of the 282 children identified, parents/guardians of 63 were successfully surveyed (22.3 percent), 38 had attended an appointment (60.3 percent), and 19 (30.2 percent) brought the CVSI referral form when they attended the appointment. When parents/guardians of the 25 children who had not attended an appointment were surveyed, 12 (19 percent) were not aware the screening results indicated a full eye exam was recommended, 10 (15.9 percent) identified barriers to scheduling an appointment, and three (4.8 percent) had an appointment scheduled in the future or forgot a scheduled appointment. Conclusion The majority of surveyed parents/guardians reported their children having seen an eye care provider. Appropriate documentation has been limited due to reliance on parents/guardians to give referral forms to eye care providers and subsequent dependence on providers to forward completed referral forms to CVSI. Improved documentation is needed to assess the accuracy of the screening, support screening prevalence data, and evaluate the impact of CVSI.
Multi-focal Lytic Lesions in a Patient with Myelofibrosis: A Case Report.

Myelofibrosis is a rare disorder that is classified as one of the myeloproliferative disorders. This particular disorder results in the abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. In some cases, such as ours, pathologic fractures can occur due to skeletal manifestations. We report on a rare finding of rapidly progressive lytic lesions in multiple regions throughout the body. This presentation of myelofibrosis behaving in a metastatic-like fashion has not been previously described.
Post-dialectics and fascistic argumentation in the global climate change debate

Argumentation is in the midst of a crisis that imperils deliberative rhetoric from working how it should when good arguments matter most. Rising trends of verbal aggression, hostility, and control ...
A cantilevered liquid-nitrogen-cooled silicon mirror for the Advanced Light Source Upgrade.

This paper presents a novel cantilevered liquid-nitro­gen-cooled silicon mirror design for the first optic in a new soft X-ray beamline that is being developed as part of the Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA). The beamline is optimized for photon energies between 400 and 1400 eV with full polarization control. Calculations indicate that, without correction, this design will achieve a Strehl ratio greater than 0.85 for the entire energy and polarization ranges of the beamline. With a correction achieved by moving the focus 7.5 mm upstream, the minimum Strehl ratio is 0.99. This design is currently the baseline plan for all new ALS-U insertion device beamlines.
Drohender Untergang? Rechtspopulismus, Krisenrhetorik und (Film-)Sprache im Dokumentarfilm „Montags in Dresden“

Die reprasentative Demokratie wird gegenwartig durch den Rechtspopulismus herausgefordert. Rechtspopulisten kommunizieren (ungeachtet der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Realitat) in einem Dauerkrisenmodus und stellen uber diese Strategie ein Klima der Angst und Bedrohung her, das verstarkt in Gewalt gegen Minoritaten, politische Gegner und politische Reprasentanten eskaliert. Der Dokumentarfilm „Montags in Dresden“ portratiert Akteure der Pegida-Bewegung und nahert sich den Protagonisten uber ihren Alltag. Im Artikel werden anhand des Films Themen und Strategien rechtspopulistischer (Ideologie-)Sprache analysiert. Dabei wird auch der Beitrag des Dokumentarfilms bei der Darstellung des Rechtspopulismus zwischen Dokumentierung und Normalisierung diskutiert. Die Filmanalyse sowie die Analyse der politischen Sprache konnen als Grundlage fur einen Einsatz des Mediums in der politischen Bildung herangezogen werden.
GLOBAL GENERAL RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF BLACK HOLE ACCRETION FLOWS: A CONVERGENCE STUDY

Global, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of non-radiative, magnetized disks are widely used to model accreting black holes. We have performed a convergence study of GRMHD models computed with HARM3D. The models span a factor of four in linear resolution, from 96 × 96 × 64 to 384 × 384 × 256. We consider three diagnostics of convergence: (1) dimensionless shell-averaged quantities such as plasma β ;( 2) the azimuthal correlation length of fluid variables; and (3) synthetic spectra of the source including synchrotron emission, absorption, and Compton scattering. Shell-averaged temperature is, except for the lowest resolution run, nearly independent of resolution; shell-averaged plasma β decreases steadily with resolution but shows signs of convergence. The azimuthal correlation lengths of density, internal energy, and temperature decrease steadily with resolution but show signs of convergence. In contrast, the azimuthal correlation length of magnetic field decreases nearly linearly with grid size. We argue by analogy with local models, however, that convergence should be achieved with another factor of two in resolution. Synthetic spectra are, except for the lowest resolution run, nearly independent of resolution. The convergence behavior is consistent with that of higher physical resolution local model (“shearing box”) calculations and with the recent non-relativistic global convergence studies of Hawley et al.
AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR PRODUCTION AND BREAD PROCESSING IN EGYPT

Wheat is very important crop in Egypt. It is the main input for bread preparing activity, which is the main item in Egyptian meals especially for low income people. There is a lot of argue menes about the per capita consumption of wheat which was estimated at 180 K.g/Year . That level is considered the main reason for increasing wheat imports. Wheat area reached 2.5 million faddan in year 2003, Its production amounted to 6.85 million ton at 2.73 tons per faddan. The total wheat consumption was the estimated at 14.6 million ton in that year, which makes the self sufficiency ratio about 55%. Farm gate prices are the main factor affecting the what area positively. The capacity of wheat crusting mills is about 24. Tons daily, and two types of wheat planer are produced due to the extraction ratio, the first type is 82% flower, while the second is 72%. The first one is representing more than 60%, and is mainly distributed for subsidized bread , while the 72% is sold at market prices. Subsidized bread distribution is considered a problem due to the increased demand on it as its price is low 25% from the free one price). The study recommends improving the bread quality through wheat crushing costs, improve the storing conditions, and find/better ways to allocate bread subsidy
A Comparative Study of Compound Action Potentials and Currents

The recording of compound action potentials (CAPs) from peripheral nerves is a routine clinical investigative procedure in the operating room. Parameters such as amplitude, area, conduction velocity, and latency are used as measures for the functional integrety of the nerve. Pathology produces reduction in conduction velocities, desynchronization of compound nerve action potentials and, in severe disease, complete conduction block, leading to observable changes in these measurements. A number of technical difficulties exist which produce distortions in this data. For example, reliable and repeatable measurements of these parameters require careful electrodes placement. Also, changes in nerve moistness produces conductivity changes. These factors affect the amplitudes of the CAPs producing errors in the measured data (Wikswo et al, 1985).
Predicting treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in infants born to women maintained on opioid agonist medication.

Aim To identify factors that predict the expression of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants exposed to methadone or buprenorphine in utero. Design and Setting Multi-site randomized clinical trial in which infants were observed for a minimum of 10 days following birth, and assessed for NAS symptoms by trained raters. Participants A total of 131 infants born to opioid dependent mothers, 129 of whom were available for NAS assessment. Measurements Generalized linear modeling was performed using maternal and infant characteristics to predict: peak NAS score prior to treatment, whether an infant required NAS treatment, length of NAS treatment and total dose of morphine required for treatment of NAS symptoms. Findings Of the sample, 53% (68 infants) required treatment for NAS. Lower maternal weight at delivery, later estimated gestational age (EGA), maternal use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), vaginal delivery and higher infant birthweight predicted higher peak NAS scores. Higher infant birthweight and greater maternal nicotine use at delivery predicted receipt of NAS treatment for infants. Maternal use of SSRIs, higher nicotine use and fewer days of study medication received also predicted total dose of medication required to treat NAS symptoms. No variables predicted length of treatment for NAS. Conclusions Maternal weight at delivery, estimated gestational age, infant birthweight, delivery type, maternal nicotine use and days of maternal study medication received and the use of psychotropic medications in pregnancy may play a role in the expression of neonatal abstinence syndrome severity in infants exposed to either methadone or buprenorphine.
The Kidney in systemic disease

By virtue of the fact that they receive 25% of the blood pumped by the heart during any time interval, and that they process over 150 liters of ultrafiltrate of plasma everyday, the kidneys are often victims of a large number of extrarenal diseases. The injury that results may involve the microvasculature and the glomeruli, or the tubules and interstitium — each alone or in combination. The vastness of this subject precludes its coverage in one chapter; besides, such an attempt would overlap other chapters in this volume. The scope of this chapter will be limited instead to systemic disorders involving the renal microvasculature and the renal consequences of tumors.
Hydrostatic Pressure Effects on Escherichia coli: Site of Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Utilizing whole-cell preparations of Escherichia coli, it appears that 670 atm inhibits protein synthesis during elongation, while not affecting aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid formation, polysomal integrity, or amino acid permeability.
Mediator Lipidomics: Search Algorithms for Eicosanoids, Resolvins, and Protectins

Within the domain of lipidomics, lipid mediator lipidomics and informatics is an exciting area because of the important roles of lipid-derived mediators in health and disease. It is well-appreciated that arachidonic acid is a precursor to potent bioactive mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins. Recent experiments employing a mediator-lipidomic approach have uncovered that other major essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), serve as precursors for the production of potent bioactive mediator families, coined "resolvins" and "protectins." These omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have long been noted to have beneficial effects in human systems; however, molecular evidence for their beneficial actions has been lacking and/or subject to debate. In this chapter, we review the databases and search algorithms used to identify these novel lipid mediators using liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS/MS). Cognoscitive-contrast-angle algorithms and databases (COCAD) and systematic naming and empirical fragmentation rules useful in MS/MS ion identification were developed. Examples of identifying eicosanoids, resolvins, and protectins are given in human and murine tissues. The findings reviewed in this chapter demonstrate the advantages of COCAD in profiling and identification of bioactive lipid mediators and documenting activation of their biosynthetic pathways as well as in establishing relationships between lipid mediator pathways with agonists and antagonists present in the biological system.
Dyslipoproteinemia in women. Special considerations.

Although as many women die of heart disease as do men, a very different hormonal milieu over a lifetime affects their cholesterol and lipoprotein levels because of endogenous estrogen, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and postmenopausal estrogen replacement. Good clinical practice dictates knowledge of each patient's lipid profile as well as effects of administered hormones. Preventive cardiology can be practiced from the first choice of oral contraceptive, through pregnancy, and at the time of menopause with administration of estrogen replacement.