cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corrections to the X-ray incoherent scattering factor to obtain the total inelastic X-ray scattering

Abstract Corrections to the form factor approximation required to obtain the A2 contribution to the non-relativistic X-ray scattering are considered. The previously proposed expansion method [Phys. Rev. A 23 (1981) 2950], based on sum rules of the Generalized Oscillator Strength (GOS), is compared to a direct calculation based on a hydrogenic wave function and the exact analytical form of the GOS for single ionization of a hydrogen atom. It is shown that the results of the expansion method are in good agreement with the exact hydrogen atom result for the continuum contribution to the GOS. For the case of He the results of the two approaches agree less well with the best agreement occurring at high momentum transfer. The problem can be traced to the lack of orthogonality between the bound state and continuum functions used. It is concluded that, for complex atoms, the expansion method is to be preferred over corrections based on direct calculations of the GOS from approximate wave functions unless orthogonality between bound state and continuum functions is taken in to account.
Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infection on Long-Term Outcomes after Endovascular and Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background We hypothesized that infectious complications after open surgery (OPEN) and endovascular repair (EVAR) of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) negatively affected long-term outcomes. Methods Elective OPEN and EVAR cases were selected from 2005–2007 Medicare databases, and rates of postoperative infection, readmission, and longitudinal mortality were compared. Results Forty thousand eight hundred ninety-two EVARs and 16,669 OPEN AAA repairs were evaluated. Patients with OPEN developed infection during and after the index hospitalization (12.8% and 4.9%, respectively) more often than those who had undergone EVAR (3.2% and 3.9%, respectively; P P P Conclusion Hospital-acquired infections had a dramatic effect by increasing hospital and 30-day mortality, readmission rates, and hospital resource use after AAA repair. Programs minimizing infectious complications may decrease future readmissions and mortality after AAA repair.
Angular Distributions of Conversion Electrons from Oriented Ce 137 m Nuclei

Publisher Summary Measurement of the energy dependence of charged-particle anisotropies from oriented nuclei would be valuable for many problems in nuclear physics. This chapter describes special experimental techniques that have been developed to make such measurements possible and their application to obtain the angular distribution of conversion electrons from oriented Ce137m. The simultaneous measurement of gamma and conversion electron angular distributions gives a most direct determination for the “particle parameter.” The chapter also presents an experimental cryostat. It discusses the techniques applicable for measuring particle parameters in any nuclear orientation experiments in which intensities permit and for which sufficiently thin sources can be prepared. Nuclear orientation—employing singles rather than coincidence counting—is the most direct method for measuring particle parameters. The ratio F2 (e)/F2 (γ) for mixed transitions is in some multipolarity regions extremely sensitive to the multipole mixing ratio and can give this ratio with higher accuracy than any other method.
The Evolution and Structure of Science and Technology in Sri Lanka

The current structure of science in Sri Lanka is the combined result of a British colonial regime and subsequent attempts to generate self-reliance in indigenous scientific capabil ity. Paradoxically, the initial post-independence period was characterised by a sustained attempt to shake off the subtle neo-colonial impact and set in place an institutional frame work that could capitalise on indigenous capability. Unfortunately, restrictions in funding, loss of highly qualified manpower and inconsistent policy signals continued to restrain efforts for a resurgence in scientific capability. This is clearly evident from repeated abor tive attempts to commit the government to accept and implement an explicit national pol icy for science and technology. Sri Lanka, however, can boast of a network of scientific organisations, painstakingly created over the past fifty years. In this context, even if the dis abilities inflicted are considered symptomatic of the developing country scenario, there are no strong argum...
105 CAN OBSERVERS RELIABLY ASSESS ACUTE PAIN AND ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENTS

Because recent studies of discomfort (dis) and anxiety (anx) reduction in children are based on observer and self-reports, the reliability of these reports and the components of suffering need examination. In our study of 10-18 yr. old patients (pts) with cancer, 210 pt and observer (obs) ratings of dis and anx during bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures were compared to determine: (1) if the obs could approximate the pt ratings, (2) if the obs became desensitized to the pt's behavior with repeated observations, (3) if the pt's behaviors varied with age, thus influencing the obs reports, and (4) if self-reports of anx, dis, pain, and pressure (pres) relate to each other in determining the amount of suffering during procedures. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) (Pearson's r) for initial procedures was .68 for anx and .53 for dis, both p<.001. In subsequent procedures the IRR was unchanged for anx (r=.71) and dis (r=.60), both p<.0001. For 13-18 yr. olds the IRR for anx was .50 and dis was .44; for 10-12 yr. olds IRR for anx was .71 and dis was .58 (all p<.0001). The IRR for younger pts was significantly higher than in older pts on anx (Z=2.26, p<.03) but not dis. Self-reports of anx, dis, pain, and pres were correlated with each other, all p<.001. The data indicate that an obs can reliably rate the pt's dis and anx in the first contact and the obs does not become desensitized with repeated contacts. Ratings of anx may be more reliable for younger pts. Pt reports of anx, dis, pain, and pres all relate to each other as measures of suffering.
Flexible Batch Process Planning

A simulated annealing algorithm for batch process planning is described. The fortmulation treats a broad range of problems involving a general profit function with discrete demands and due dates. It is targeted to the planning of a batch process operated in “open shop” mode with minimum inventory and maximum on-time performance. The approach is demonstrated in case studies of a parallel network flowshop or “multiplant” structure with a zero-wait storage policy between stages. The effects of setup time and setup costs on the schedule and production capacity are illustrated in several case studies. A large and general case analogous to a real industrial problem is included. The approach finds significantly better solutions than the first come first serve, shortest processing time, or earliest due date heuristics often used for production scheduling.
Glucagon and plasma lipoprotein lipase.

SummarySubcutaneous administration of 1.0 mg glucagon to 15 fasted normal people caused significant increase of plasma lipoprotein lipase-like activity in 1 hr. The activity is termed lipase-like since coconut oil emulsion rather than isolated chylomicrons was used as substrate. A linear relationship between lipolysis and time of incubation obtained indicating zero order kinetics. pH optimum of enzyme activity was 8.4. There was no correlation between depression of plasma triglycerides and increase -of plasma lipoprotein lipase-like activity following glucagon administration. This was thought to be due to other effects of glucagon administration which alter plasma lipid levels. Incubation of whole blood with glucagon caused an increase of plasma lipoprotein lipase-like activity and a depression of plasma triglycerides that were significantly correlated. The in vitro action of glucagon when incubated with whole blood suggests that blood cell(s) may be a source of glucagon-induced plasma lipoprotein lipase ...
A person-centered approach to African American gender differences in racial ideology

This study uses a person-oriented approach to examine gender differences in the meaning of race in the lives of a sample of African-American college students. Seven hundred twenty-four self-identified African-American students from two universities completed the ideology subscales of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity. Cluster analysis was used to group students into five groups with distinct patterns of responses to the ideology subscales. Results showed relatively few gender differences in cluster distribution, in separate male and female cluster solutions, or in the relationship between cluster membership and racial background and race-related behavioral outcomes. Overall, clusters did not vary in terms of SES, but did reflect the racial context of participants' upbringing and race-related choices made in college.
Determination of water in solid samples using headspace gas chromatography

Abstract The research described herein concerns the use of the headspace technique coupled with gas chromatography for the quantitative determination of water in solid chemical compounds and pharmaceutical products. Samples were dessolved in alcohol nsd the water reacted with calcium carbide. The generated acetylene was measured with a flame ionization detector and related to the original amount of water in the sample. Samples were also analyzed by the Karl Fischer titration technique and the two sets of experimental data were subsequently compared.
The importance of trust and community in developing and maintaining a community electronic network

Focusing on two rural cities in Minnesota, this paper analyses ways in which these communities have gone about providing information technology to their citizens. This paper will explain why one city has chosen to take an entrepreneurial approach to networking and the other city has chosen a more collaborative approach, promoting equal access for its citizens. Based on interviews, focus groups, and surveys in the two cities, we find that these divergent approaches are related to fundamental cultural differences in the two communities. One city seems to have a more pronounced reservoir of social capital, meaning that people in this community tend to be more trusting, have more cohesive social ties and are prone toward collaboration. Cooperation and social trust, particularly among community leaders, seem to have played large roles in triggering the development of a community electronic network. Moreover, we discover that political engagement and interpersonal trust among the citizenry in this city seem to be pivotal in sustaining and perpetuating the community endeavor.
Comparative efficacy of clindamycin versus erythromycin in eradication of antenatal Chlamydia trachomatis.

Antenatal Chlamydia trachomatis infections are associated with both maternal and neonatal morbidity. Erythromycin, the only drug recommended for treatment during pregnancy, is often poorly tolerated, thus preventing successful cure. We have done a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare the efficacy of clindamycin with that of erythromycin base in eradication of antenatal chlamydia. A total of 126 patients with documented cervical infection were enrolled before 24 weeks' gestation to receive clindamycin (450 mg), erythromycin (333 mg), or placebo orally four times daily for 14 days. Partners received doxycycline, 100 mg, twice daily for 7 days. Both clindamycin and erythromycin were effective agents with cure rates of 92.7% and 83.8%, respectively. Erythromycin therapy was associated with significantly more gastrointestinal complaints than was placebo therapy (23.1% (9/39) vs. 2.4% (1/41), p p p
Soy protein versus soy phytoestrogens in the prevention of diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis of male cynomolgus monkeys

Soy protein, long recognized as having cardiovascular benefits, is a rich source of phytoestrogens (isoflavones). To distinguish the relative contributions of the protein moiety versus the alcohol-extractable phytoestrogens for cardiovascular protection, we studied young male cynomolgus macaques fed a moderately atherogenic diet and randomly assigned to three groups. The groups differed only in the source of dietary protein, which was either casein/lactalbumin (casein, n = 27), soy protein with the phytoestrogens intact (soy+, n = 27), or soy protein with the phytoestrogens mostly extracted (soy-, n = 28). The diets were fed for 14 months. Animals fed soy+ had significantly lower total and LDL plus VLDL cholesterol concentrations compared with the other two groups. They soy+ animals had the highest HDL cholesterol concentrations, the casein group had the lowest, and the soy- group was intermediate. A subset was necropsied for atherosclerosis evaluations (n = 11 per group). Morphometric and angiochemical measures were done to quantify atherosclerosis. Coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions were smallest in the soy+ group (90% less coronary atherosclerosis than the casein group and 50% less than the soy- group), largest in the casein group, and intermediate in the soy- group. The effects of the diets on lesion size and arterial lipid measures of the peripheral arteries were similar to those in the coronary arteries, with greatest prevention of atherogenesis with soy+ and intermediate benefit with soy- relative to casein. We could not determine whether the beneficial effects seen in the soy- group relate to the protein itself or to the remaining traces of phytoestrogens. The beneficial effects of soy protein on atherosclerosis appear to be mediated primarily by the phytoestrogen component. Testicular weights were unaffected by the phytoestrogens.
Context facilitation and disruption in word identification

A word-naming task was used to examine effects of presenting lists of categorically related words, some of which contained an unrelated disruptor word. A facilitation effect on reaction time (RT) to name related words asymptoted after only one word, or about 3 sec. If the context was disrupted, RT to the disruptor word was lengthened, but the contextual facilitation effect persisted over the disruptor interval. Similar effects were found in conditions in which the disruptor word was preceded by one, three, or six categorically related words. The results were interpreted in terms of spreading-activation models of semantic memory.
Estimates of Pulsar Distances from Neutral Hydrogen Absorption

An attempt to measure the distance to several pulsars, mates of de Jager for CP 0328 are not confirmed.
Regulation of PGI2 activity by serum proteins: serum albumin but not high density lipoprotein is the PGI2 binding and stabilizing protein in human blood.

Abstract Although previous studies have shown that serum albumin binds PGI2 and protects it from rapid degradation, it remains debatable whether it is physiologically important due to its low binding affinity for PGI2. We were intrigued by the observations of Yui et al. (J. Clin. Invest. 82 (1988) 803–807) which suggested that apo A-I of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) is the “serum PGI2 stabilizing factor”. To clarify this, we carried out experiments to determine the binding kinetics and parameters of HDL and albumin purified from normal pooled human serum. Despite the use of multiple binding assays, we could not detect any binding activity in HDL2, HDL3 or nascent HDL preparations, nor could we demonstrate any PGI2 protecting activity by these molecules. By contrast, purified albumin exhibited essentially identical binding parameters as the native serum from which the albumin was purified. The binding activity of various albumin preparations was not due to the contamination of apo A-I. Computer simulation analysis also failed to provide evidence to support the notion that HDL bound and prolonged PGI2 activity. To determine whether physiological concentrations of albumin influence PGI2 binding to platelet receptors, we measured PGI2 binding to platelet membrane in the absence and presence of albumin. Albumin at 40 mg/ml increased the KD of PGI2 binding to the receptors by 2–3-fold. These findings indicate that albumin plays a major role in protecting PGI2 activity and regulating its availability for platelet PGI2 receptors.
Survey of Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Student Assistants' Job Satisfaction: Communication, and Feedback

Abstract The Texas A&M University Libraries' Interlibrary Services department (ILS) conducted a series of interviews and surveys to ascertain student employees attitudes toward their jobs, suggestions to improve working conditions, effectiveness of training, and other areas of concern. The results and suggestions for improvement are applicable to all interlibrary departments.
Architectural and protocol frameworks for multicast data transport in multi-service networks

The paper presents architectural and protocol techniques for multicast transport of multi-service data (such as video, audio and graphics). A tree-structured channel in the network is employed as building block for constructing multicast transport services. Data from different sources are multiplexed over a shared tree channel for reaching destinations through intermediate network nodes and links. The choice of multicast architecture is based on the extent of sharing of common links in a tree across multi-source data flows to allow finer degree of link bandwidth allocation control and reduce the fixed cost of links for data transport. The canonical network substrate so constructed exemplifies a 'programmable network' that may be 'plugged-in' with QOS and flow parameters to instantiate the network behavior for matching the needs of each application. This philosophy is in alignment with the evolving 'Internet Service Layer' functionalities. The paper describes the functional and protocol elements of multicast architectures to support the 'programmable network' view. It also describes the salient features of an implementation embedding these architectures.
Analysis of fiber Bragg grating spectral features for in-situ assessment of composites

Embedded sensors provide a high sensitivity to sub-surface damage due to their proximity to the damage features. In particular, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are easily embedded into laminates with a minimum of perturbation to the surrounding material microstructure. This paper summarizes some recent advances derived from full-spectral interrogation of FBG sensors for structural health monitoring and damage identification in composites. In particular we will present signals from the FBG reflected spectra that have been correlated to stress concentrations near crack tips, curing conditions during processing of composite laminates and the progression of delamination due to multiple low-velocity impacts in woven composite laminates and foam-core sandwich composites. Recent advances in interrogation systems for these sensors will also be discussed which have permitted dynamic evaluation of these parameters. Finally, spectral distortion can lead to errors in the interpretation of strain values from the peak wavelength measurement when peak waveforms are assumed. This distortion is highly dependent upon the local microstructure surrounding the sensor and therefore cannot be compensated a-priori through a calibration factor. This article demonstrates that full-spectral interrogation can provide sensor specific error compensation for these measurements. These results demonstrate the richness of information that can be obtained from full-spectral interrogation of FBG sensors in a complex, multiple stress component environment.
Elastic fracture in random materials

We analyze a simple model of elastic failure in randomly inhomogeneous materials such as minerals and ceramics. We study a two-dimensional triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor harmonic springs. The springs are present with probability p. The springs can only withstand a small strain before they fail completely and irreversibly. The applied breakdown stress in a large, but finite, sample tends to zero as the fraction of springs in the material approaches the rigidity percolation threshold. The average initial breakdown stress, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{b}$, behaves as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{b}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}[A(p)+B(p)ln(L)${]}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, where L is the linear dimension of the system and the exponent \ensuremath{\mu} is between 1 and 2. The coefficient B(p) diverges as p approaches the rigidity percolation threshold. The breakdown-stress distribution function ${F}_{L}$(\ensuremath{\sigma}) has the form ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{L}}$(\ensuremath{\sigma})\ensuremath{\approxeq}1-exp[-${\mathit{cL}}^{2}$exp(-k/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}$)]. The parameters c and k are constants characteristic of the microscopic properties of the system. The parameter k tends to zero at the rigidity percolation threshold. These predictions are verified by computer simulations of random lattices. The breakdown process can continue until a macroscopic elastic failure occurs in the system. The failure occurs in two steps. First, a number of springs fail at approximately the strain which causes the initial failure. This results in a system which has zero elastic modulus. Finally, at a considerably larger strain a macroscopic crack forms across the entire sample.
Engaging students for success in calculus with online learning forums

It is said that we face an engineering “talent crisis” [1]; the United States is failing to keep pace in educating a highly skilled and diverse engineering workforce. Emphasis is currently placed on recruitment and retention of underrepresented minorities. Newer distance-delivered programs seek participation of non-traditional and geographically underrepresented students. With expansion of educational offerings in engineering, one issue that emerges is student attrition during the first two years. It is suggested [2-4] that success in first year calculus reliably predicts persistence in engineering. To increase retention, new strategies are needed. Effective interventions may have the most impact if employed within the first year calculus sequence. Pedagogies that support traditional classroom learning as well as hybrid instruction and distance education offer the greatest transformative potential. This work-in-progress paper describes research underway to evaluate the use of online learning forums during first year calculus. A freely available, wiki-based online learning forum is employed during a mixed-methods study. The study is conducted within sequential calculus courses distance-delivered across two academic years. Qualitative and quantitative data are used to evaluate the effect of forum use on student achievement, engagement and attitudes. A usage model is developed to disseminate within the STEM education community.
Faculty Scholarship Collections: Identifying, Capturing, Archiving, and Accessing History

It has long been the mission of faculty to add to the world's intellectual base. Academic libraries have the opportunity to play a key role in the acquisition, preservation, and management of faculty intellectual product. The goal of this article is to address important issues surrounding today's faculty scholarship collections, including the issues of explosive growth in quantity of product and the emergence of scholarship in newer, machine-readable formats. At the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, the University Archives has found that the Faculty Scholarship Collection contains valuable resources for researchers and serves to recognize university faculty for their scholarly contributions.
Integration versus options in electrical engineering

With the growth of electrical engineering and the introduction of options in engineering education, the electric power field lost much of its popularity with students to the more glamorous communications and electronics curricula. To compensate for this trend, the universities must establish a creative environment for study of energy conversion and utilization subjects.
Denotational semantics of a calculator

Denotational semantics1,2,3,4 provides a formal method of precisely and concisely specifying languages, programming languages as well as other kinds of software such as editors and file systems. But those attributes that make denotational descriptions so effective also lead programmers and software designers to reject the method as too complex. The main goal of this paper is to provide a nontrivial but relatively simple example suitable for presenting the fundamental concepts of denotational semantics, and in the process illustrate the application of sound design principles to denotational definitions to make them accessible to software designers.
Globalization and Variation in Return on Equity for Two Major Agribusiness Industries

Abstract The objective was to analyze country and time effects on return to equity in the beverage and tobacco and food and consumer products industries for industrialized nations, seven for each industry. Time effects for both industries and country effects for the food and consumer products industry were not found to be important in explaining variation in return on equity which is consistent with the globalization of the economies of the developed world. The results for country effects in the beverage and tobacco industry were mixed. Using an F test the country effects were significant, but with more recently developed tests, Hausman's (H) test and the Lagrange multiplier (LM) test, they were not. Certain macroeconomic variables appear to be important specifically for the beverage and tobacco industry such as the political risk factor, the cost of capital, and corporate taxes. Exchange rate was found to be important to both industries.
Hole density dependence of the critical temperature and coupling constant in the cuprate superconductors.

A bond valence sum (BVS) analysis was performed for the p-type cuprate superconductors. The superconducting critical temperature Tc versus in-plane Cu-O BVS correlation for copper is grouped into classes and subclasses. Only within a class or subclass for which the nonelectronic effect is constant does the variation of the in-plane Cu-O BVS reflect the corresponding change in the hole density nH of the CuO2 layers. This study strongly suggests that the Tc for every class or subclass of the superconductors is an inverted parabolic function of nH, and so is the coupling constant λ for Cooper pair formation.
Bizarre social behaviour in rats induced by a combination of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor and DOPA.

Abstract Male rats given a combination of the peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor Ro 4-4602 and DOPA, showed motor excitation as well as a peculiar and bizarre pattern of social behaviour. The central excitation and bizarre social interaction could be abolished or interrupted by low doses of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. The possible role of brain dopamine in this social behaviour is discussed.
Constraints on massive unstable dark matter from ultrahigh-energy γ-ray flux

We ruled out regions in parameter space of the mass, lifetime and branching ratio for radiative decay of massive unstable dark matter particles based on upper limits to the ultrahigh-energy cosmic diffuse γ-ray spectrum. The lifetime of massive unstable particles is shown to be no shorter than ∼ 1017 s if they exist at a density equal to the cosmological critical density. The branching ratio for radiative decay of such massive unstable particles is less than 10-11 at mass of 1 GeV and 10-2 at 105 GeV.
Formal theory of granular computing, and two major applications

The term granular computing (GrC), roughly speaking, is jointly coined by Lin and Zadeh in the fall of 1996 (Zadeh, 1998). Since then, special interest group conferences, workshops, special sessions and special issues have gradually flourished. Many opinions have been expressed. We shall mentioned our initial idea: Zadeh gave an intuitive definition in (Zadeh, 1996) and outline his seminal paper (Zadeh, 1997), where he said “TFIG (which is GrC) • • • • are mathematics in nature.” While we share his view, but took an incremental approach. The First GrC Model (neighborhood systems or pre-topology) was investigated (Lin, 1989, 1998) from the view of topological spaces, rough sets, databases and computer security.
Three-phase chemical models of dense interstellar clouds: gas, dust particle mantles and dust particle surfaces

Gas-grain models of the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds are presented in which two grain phases surrounding refractory cores are included. In addition to the actual grain surfaces, on which chemistry occurs, grain mantles, which are formed as adsorbed material trapped below new layers of such material, are considered. Material in grain mantles is assumed to be chemically inert, and therefore protected against destruction. The dust grain and gas temperatures are fixed at 10 K and the gas density n = n(H) + 2n(H 2 ) remains at approximately 2 × 10 4 cm −3 in these models. Differences between the current three-phase (gas-mantle-surface) model results and those of previous two-phase (gas-surface) models for the overall grain abundances of individual species are small for inert species, but can be substantial for chemically reactive species, especially at late times (≥ 10 6 yr) after non-reactive, protected mantles have been built up
Application of Lean Enterprise to Improve Seaport Operations

This paper discusses the implementation of Lean Enterprise management, principles, and tools in seaport operations. The paper begins with an overview of the necessary management training, strategy, and structure necessary for the successful implementation of Lean Enterprise. An analysis of the appropriate Lean Enterprise tools to be applied in seaport operations is provided, and specific examples of the implementation of those tools at the Port of Mobile in Mobile, Alabama, are cited. The paper also investigates the importance of integrating Lean Enterprise concepts into support functions such as accounting, maintenance, and human resources to enhance overall port operations in a holistic manner. The paper concludes with a discussion of the keys to the successful implementation of Lean Enterprise and the issues relative to sustaining improvement efforts as well as suggestions for additional focuses of improvement for implementing Lean Enterprise in port operations.
Prospects problems and prerequisites for national health examination surveys in developing countries.

Design options for the development of health information systems are evaluated. The health examination survey is found to be an appropriate method for meeting data needs for health planning, program design, and evaluation activities in developing countries. The model proposed is a national cross-sectional prevalence survey employing both interviews and physical examinations to produce a health status profile of a countries population. Examination data are objective, internationally comparable, and not dependent upon reports of clinical encounters in the population. Limitations inherent to health examination surveys are reviewed in reference to their potential in developing countries. Not all countries may be able to conduct health examination surveys; criteria are presented to assist in evaluation of the feasibility of application in specific countries.
uvby FCAPT photometry of the metallic-lined stars 60 Tau and HR 1528 and the magnetic CP stars HR 8216 and HR 8770

Differential Stromgren uvby observations from the Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope (FCAPT) are presented for the metallic-lined stars 60 Tau and HR 1528 and the magnetic Chemically Peculiar stars HR 8216 and HR 8770. The first star, which is a δ Scuti variable, was found not to change its mean magnitudes. HR 1528 is best described as constant. A decade of photometry of HR 8216 shows that its b and y values have changed by −0.016 and −0.010 mag, respectively, over this time and now can be considered a photometric variable. For HR 8770 a period of 5.3923 days is derived with the photometric variability being generally in phase. The light curves also suggest possible surface abundance inhomogeneities.
Tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus)

We describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify one dinucleotide and eight tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus). The PCR primers were tested on 20 or more individuals from five populations. The dollar sunfish microsatellite primers developed yielded a high number of alleles (4 to 14 per locus), and high observed heterozygosities (0.500–0.857).
Immunohistochemical detection and Western blot analysis of nitrated protein in stored human corneal epithelium

While the production of nitric oxide by human corneas in storage has recently been demonstrated, protein nitration as a result of this production has not been demonstrated. In this study, nitrated protein accumulation in the epithelium of stored human corneas was assessed. One half of five donor corneas maintained in storage media for 3 days were prepared for immunohistochemical studies. The other halves remained in storage media for 7 additional days and were also processed for immunohistochemistry. Mouse monoclonal antibody to nitrotyrosine adducts was used to define the localisation of these epitopes. The density of antibody staining was observed and quantified on a digital camera system and statistically analysed. Immunostaining in the epithelium was greater in tissues recovered after 10 days in storage compared to the intensity of staining after 3 days of storage (p<0.0001). No staining was evident in the epithelium in sections exposed to non-immune mouse IgG. Western blot analysis was performed on epithelial cells scraped from corneal surfaces of one-half of four donor corneas in storage for 3 days and from the other half at 10 days of storage. Nitrated BSA was used as a positive control. After extraction and homogenisation, identical protein concentrations of each sample were loaded per lane on 10% gels and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Proteins were blotted and probed with the anti-nitrotyrosine antibody. Western blot immunoreactivity was detected in epithelial samples at the 3 and 10 day recovery times with the latter samples showing greater staining intensity. Nitrated protein, thought to indicate toxic peroxynitrite formation, accumulates in the human corneal epithelium with time of storage. Our study shows that there is an association between increased nitrated protein and storage time.
The Role of Functional Categories in Bilingual Children's Language Mixing and Differentiation.

: The present paper examines the simultaneous development of the two linguistic competences of the bilingual child. It has been observed that language mixing, defined as the indiscriminate combinations of elements from each of the component languages, is most frequent during a very early phase of language acquisition. However, as the child acquires greater competence in the two languages, the language contact which is in evidence (if any at all) increasingly takes the form of code-switching, defined as language alternations which are constrained by syntactic principles. In the present study, special attention is devoted to the role of functional categories in the development patterns attested, and we defend a position intermediate between the strong continuity and weak continuity hypotheses. Thus, our overview of childhood bilingualism may be viewed as reflecting the convergence of developments in linguistic theory, language acquisition, and language contact.
Posting horse show patterns before youth show creates positive experience for youth and adults

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33 (2013) 321-399 380 percent of consignees listed economic reasons (i.e. cost of feed, too many horses), 25% cited issues related to the owner (i.e. lost interest, illness), 18% were horse traders, and 16% indicated the horse failed to meet expectations as the primary reason for selling. Some consignees (n1⁄483) had attempted to sell the horse privately, most commonly via the internet, and most sellers (93%) indicated they owned at least one additional horse. This research revealed that horse sale prices varied by location; however, economics were identified as the main reason for selling across all three locations. This information will be used to develop educational efforts aimed at prospective horse owners, including costs of horse ownership and proper matching of horse and owner. Posting horse show patterns before youth show creates positive experience for youth and adults R.C. Bott , A.A. Schuring , and D.J. Denniston 2 Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Posting horse show patterns in advance is a “new” way to deliver information to youth andmay impact comfort level, performance and show experience of participants. SDSU Extension and HorseShowPatterns.com partnered to provide online access to patterns for the 2012 South Dakota State 4-HHorseShow.Patternswereposted twoweeksprior to the horse show and promoted through iGrow Horses, Extension personnel, and HorseShowPatterns.co. QuestionPro surveyswere developed to target youth participants and adults regarding their experiences. Surveys was posted, promoted, and kept active for onemonth. Forty-eight youth, including 29.17% Beginners (Beg) and 35.42% each of Juniors (Jrs) and Seniors (Srs), completed the survey. Of those, 68.75% accessed the patterns before the show and therefore able to continue answering questions. From the continuing pool, 93.75% practiced the patterns beforehand. Youth were asked a series of questions pertaining to their preference of pattern posting for the next show, and how early access to the patterns affected a variety of variables (Table 1.) Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. When asked if having access to patterns early was harmful (1) or helpful (5) Beg, Jrs and Srs responded with 4.8, 5 and 4.6, respectively. Beg and Jrs placedmore importance onposting patterns in advance than Srs (P<0.02); however, no differences between the groups in responses to how access to the patterns affected performance, anxiety, comfort, stress, fun, ability to learn patterns, or ability to show their horse existed. One hundred thirty-two adults completed the survey,
Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for the Detection of the Glucuronide Conjugate of 3-Phenoxybenzyl Alcohol, a Putative Human Urinary Biomarker for Pyrethroid Exposure

Pyrethroids are widely used in agriculture as insecticides. This study describes a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the glucuronide conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a putative pyrethroid metabolite that may be used as a biomarker of exposure to pyrethroids. Four antisera were elicited against two different immunizing haptens. Antisera were characterized in combination with several coating haptens. The lowest IC50 value (0.5 ng/mL) was obtained with antiserum 1891 and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid−BSA conjugate as the coating antigen. Antiserum 1891 was highly selective for the target compound with an overall cross-reactivity of <0.3% to structurally related compounds. The assay sensitivity was negligibly affected by pH 4−9. A 5-fold improvement in IC50 was observed using a 10-fold concentrated phosphate-fuffered saline as the assay buffer. Compared to assays conducted in normal phosphate-fuffered saline, the maximal absorbance was almost identical. A good correlation (r 2 = 0....
Double layer theory prediction of Al-Ca exchange on clay and soil

Abstract The Poisson-Boltzmann equation was solved numerically for the case of a diffuse electric double layer containing mixed divalent and trivalent electrolytes. The predicted Gapon selectivity coefficient was found to range over two orders of magnitude while the Vanselow selectivity coefficient changed by 10% over the range of ionic ratios considered. The formation of tactoids should increase the affinity of the exchanger for cations with higher ionic charge. Ionic strength has little effect on predicted selectivity coefficients. The results of double layer calculations approximated, but systematically deviated from, two sets of published values for Al 3+ -Ca 2+ exchange on montmorillonite. Consideration of the speciation of Al 3+ , particularly including the dimer Al 2 (OH) 2 4+ , improved the agreement between predicted values and published results. Predicted cation exchanger composition is in agreement with published base saturation data for mineral soils.
The role of the nose in sleep-disordered breathing.

BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of airway collapse, ranging from primary snoring to profound obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies have shown an association between impair...
Spatial organization of a desert rodent community: food addition and species removal

From 1977 through 1983 we conducted experiments on a desert rodent community where supplemental seeds were added or certain rodent species and ants were removed from 0.25-ha fenced plots in a Chihuahuan Desert site in southeastern Arizona, USA. In this paper we examine the patterns of microhabitat use relative to vegetative cover by 11 rodent species. The results show that: i) removal of the largest seed-eating species, Dipodomys spectabilis, produced the most pervasive and dramatic shifts in microhabitat use by the remaining rodent species; ii) adding seeds or removing ants had little effect on the spatial use of microhabitats by rodents in this community; and iii) non-granivores were just as likely as granivores to shift microhabitat use when other granivores were removed. We believe these results indicate that both food and foraging microsites are limited but the relegation of subdominant species to lesspreferred microhabitats by the large Dipodomys spectabilis is the major factor underlying the spatial organization of this community. Results also demonstrate that strong interactions among species increase the probability that pathways of indirect interactions through intermediary species are important; these complex linkages may include species that overlap little in food preferences.
Atomic data for IR and sub-mm wavelengths

Atomic spectra in the infrared and sub-mm wavelength regions can be divided into two broad categories: electric dipole-allowed transitions, and forbidden lines due to transitions within the ground term or between low-lying levels of the same parity. Both are of potential importance in the interpretation of astrophysical spectra. Allowed transitions can provide diagnostic information for stellar photospheres, particularly for elements that are not accessible in the visible region. Electric-dipole forbidden lines are important diagnostics of low-density plasmas, such as nebulae and the interstellar medium. In order to interpret astrophysical spectra, accurate atomic data are required. This paper summarizes the techniques for measuring atomic data and lists the most important compilations and databases.
Sexual Sterilization of Tobacco Budworms with Combinations of Oral Chemosterilants and Gamma Irradiation

Substerile doses (0.01–0.1% w/v) of sulfanilamide, dicumarol, β-sitosterol, 2-imidazolidinethione, and imidazole were incorporated separately into the larval diet of Heliothis virescens (F.), and the resultant pupae were exposed to 7.5 or 15 krad of gamma irradiation. No chemical treatment or irradiation alone was as effective in producing sterile adults as all of the combinations, and none of the combinations affected larval growth and development, adult eclosion, or adult longevity. Although the fecundity of treated females was affected, the number of matings per female was affected only when the males were the treated member of the mating pair.
Novel QCD Phenomenology at the LHeC

The proposed electron-proton/ion collider at CERN, the LHeC, can test fundamental and novel aspects of QCD and electroweak interactions as well as explore physics beyond the standard model over an exceptionally large kinematic range.
Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps

The Torrance-Sparrow model for calculating bidirectional reflection functions contains a geometrical attenuation factor to account for shadowing and occlusions in a hypothetical distribution of grooves on a rough surface. Using an efficient table-based method for determining the shadows and occlusions, we calculate the geometric attenuation factor for surfaces defined by a specific table of bump heights.Diffuse and glossy specular reflection of the environment can be handled in a unified manner by using an integral of the bidirectional reflection function times the environmental illumination, over the hemisphere of solid angle above a surface. We present a method of estimating the integral, by expanding the bidirectional reflection coefficient in spherical harmonics, and show how the coefficients in this expansion can be determined efficiently by reorganizing our geometric attenuation calculation.
Simply the best: Parody and political sincerity in Iceland

Pursuing a self-described anarcho-surrealist politics in the aftermath of Iceland's banking crisis, Jon Gnarr shocked the country's political establishment by winning the mayoral election in Reykjavik in May 2010. In this article, I explore the rise of Gnarr's Best Party, especially its refusal to accept a distinction between parody and sincerity in its mode of political performance. Against the backdrop of the increasing monopolization of (neo)liberal political discourse and action, I discuss how “Gnarrism” reflects at once something old and something new in northern liberal democracy.
Symmetrically coated pellicle beam splitters for dual quarter-wave retardation in reflection and transmission

A trilayer pellicle that consists of a high-index center layer that is symmetrically coated on both sides by a low-index film can be designed to produce differential reflection and transmission phase shifts of ±90° at oblique incidence and equal throughput for the p and the s polarizations. Such a device splits a beam of incident linearly polarized light into two orthogonal circularly polarized components that travel in well-separated angular directions. Examples of infrared dual quarter-wave retarders that use a symmetrically coated Ge pellicle at 77° angle of incidence are presented. A 50–50% splitter requires a symmetric pellicle with at least five layers. Error analysis shows that the thicknesses of the high-index layers must be tightly controlled. These circular polarization beam splitters are intended for operation with a well-collimated light source and can be used as the basis of a novel circular polarization Michelson interferometer.
A unified mathematical framework and an adaptive numerical method for fluid-structure interaction with rigid, deforming, and elastic bodies

Many problems of interest in biological fluid mechanics involve interactions between fluids and solids that require the coupled solution of momentum equations for both the fluid and the solid. In this work, we develop a mathematical framework and an adaptive numerical method for such fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems in which the structure may be rigid, deforming, or elastic. We employ an immersed boundary (IB) formulation of the problem that permits us to avoid body conforming discretizations and to use fast Cartesian grid solvers. Rigidity and deformational kinematic constraints are imposed using a formulation based on distributed Lagrange multipliers, and a conventional IB method is used to describe the elasticity of the immersed body. We use Cartesian grid adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to discretize the equations of motion and thereby obtain a solution methodology that efficiently captures thin boundary layers at fluid-solid interfaces as well as flow structures shed from such interfaces. This adaptive methodology is validated for several benchmark problems in two and three spatial dimensions. In addition, we use this scheme to simulate free swimming, including the maneuvering of a two-dimensional model eel and a three-dimensional model of the weakly electric black ghost knifefish.