cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Risk and Resiliency Factors Predict Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Caregivers of Patients Admitted to a Neuroscience ICU.

Objectives Informal caregivers-that is, close family and friends providing unpaid emotional or instrumental care-of patients admitted to ICUs are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. As a first step toward developing interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in ICU caregivers, we examined the predictive validity of psychosocial risk screening during admission for caregiver posttraumatic stress disorder at 3 and 6 months post hospitalization. Design An observational, prospective study. Participants Ninety-nine caregivers were recruited as part of a longitudinal research program of patient-caregiver dyads in a neuroscience ICU. Intervention None. Measurements and main results Caregiver posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were assessed during admission (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months post hospitalization. We 1) characterized prevalence of clinically significant symptoms at each time point 2); calculated sensitivity and specificity of baseline posttraumatic stress disorder screening in predicting posttraumatic stress disorder at 3 and 6 months; and 3) used recursive partitioning to select potential baseline factors and examine the extent to which they helped predict clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at each time point. Rates of caregiver posttraumatic stress disorder remained relatively stable over time (16-22%). Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder at baseline predicted posttraumatic stress disorder at 3 and 6 months with moderate sensitivity (75-80%) and high specificity (92-95%). Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder at baseline was associated with caregiver anxiety, mindfulness (i.e., ability to be aware of one's thoughts and feelings in the moment), and bond with patient. Furthermore, baseline posttraumatic stress disorder screening was the single most relevant predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder at 3 and 6 months, such that other baseline factors did not significantly improve predictive ability. Conclusions Screening neuroscience ICU caregivers for clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during admission is the single most important way to identify the majority of those likely to suffer from chronic posttraumatic stress disorder following discharge. Addressing early posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and their psychosocial correlates during admission may help prevent chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in these at-risk caregivers.
Ras Signaling Pathway in Biology and Therapy of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

The Ras proto-oncogene and its signaling pathway has been at the center of attention in the biology of neurofibromatosis-1 and its cancerous derivation Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs). A clear understanding of the role of Ras signaling is not only important for enhancing our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of MPNSTs but will also serve as the basis for developing novel therapies for this disease. This chapter reviews our current state of knowledge with regard to Ras and its down-stream effectors, with a major focus on the Ral (Ras-like) pathway. Additionally, new concepts pertaining to MPNST cancer stem cells, their signaling characteristics, and their biological features which have the potential to open new horizons in the management of this malignancy, are discussed.
Quantum-Mechanical Approaches to the Study of Enzymic Transition States and Reaction Paths

Over the last 30 years, transition-state theory has provided a suitable theoretical framework for interpreting a wide range of chemical(1) and biological(2) processes. Nevertheless, it is only within the last few years, due in large measure to the approximately parallel and related development of high-speed digital computers and practical quantum-mechanical procedures for studying the geometric and electronic structure of molecules, that the full potential of transition-state theory is beginning to be realized.
Overview of Management of Dry Eye Associated with Sjögren’s Syndrome

This initial discussion of dry eye in the patient with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is provided primarily for the non-ophthalmologist who will, hopefully, find useful the explanations of common diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions employed in treating dry eye patients. A more detailed description of lacrimal gland and tear film physiology is presented in the chapter by Stern and Pflugfellder. In particular, the authors of this chapter have collaborated during the past 25 years on patients with dry eyes referred for evaluation and treatment of their SS. This chapter summarizes many of the common problems that the primary physician may refer to the rheumatologist and the “daily practical” questions from the SS patient that are not generally covered in academic reviews of dry eye care.
Contemporary Burden and Correlates of Symptomatic Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Background Contemporary data about symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) epidemiology are limited. We characterized prevalence and correlates of symptomatic PSVT within a large...
Cover Me, I’m going in: Exploring the needs of student veterans

AbstractThe number of military veterans taking advantage of post-911 educational benefits has increased significantly, and institutions of higher education have responded by creating veteran-friend...
Prepared for Anything: The Importance of a Safe and Available Blood Supply during Disasters and other Critical Events

1. Laurie Gillard, MS, MLS(ASCP)CMSBB[⇑][1] 1. Rush University, Chicago, IL 1. Address for Correspondence: Laurie Gillard, MS, MLS(ASCP)CMSBB, Director of the Specialist in Blood Banking Certificate Program, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612 1. Recognize the different types of disasters and how they can impact blood availability. 2. Explain the importance of having massive transfusion protocols (MTP) and procedures. 3. Discuss how pathogen reduction technology (PRT) will impact platelet transfusion safety. INTRODUCTION Considering the growing scope of disasters in the United States over the past year, hospital based blood banks and transfusion services are required to have an effective emergency management plan. Disaster Preparedness in the Blood Bank will describe how to address this important public health issue. When there are victims of disasters that require transfusion, a current review of the literature for best practices for responding to hemorrhage will be presented in Managing Massive Transfusions in Diverse Patient Populations in a Non-Metropolitan Area. Bleeding patients often require platelets. In Pathogen reduction in platelets: a review of the proposed draft guidance, the author will discuss the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for the use of pathogen reduction technology to improve the safety of platelet transfusions. Disaster Preparedness in the Blood Bank Over the past year, many Americans witnessed firsthand the importance of having a safe, available blood supply following a disaster. During the first nine months of 2017, the United States experienced 15 disasters that claimed 323 lives; these disasters were the result of weather and climate.1 Floods, freezing temperatures, severe storms, tropical cyclones, and wildfires can all impact blood availability. In the event of a natural disaster, issues may arise in which blood donors do not donate, donor centers may become damaged, or donor centers may not have staffing to perform the processing and testing of blood; all of which, result in a disruption of the local blood supply. Hurricanes can disrupt the blood supply for days. ABBREVIATIONS: FDA - Food and Drug Administration, CBER - The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, CDC - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, TJC - The Joint Commission, CLSI - the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, CAP - the College of American Pathologists, TACO - transfusion associated circulatory overload, MTP - massive transfusion protocols, PPH - postpartum hemorrhage, PRT - pathogen reduction technology, PGD - Pan Genera Detection 1. Recognize the different types of disasters and how they can impact blood availability. 2. Explain the importance of having massive transfusion protocols (MTP) and procedures. 3. Discuss how pathogen reduction technology (PRT) will impact platelet transfusion safety. [1]: #corresp-1
Analysis of a Packable and Tunable Origami Multi-Radii Helical Antenna

This paper presents the design process of a multi-radii monofilar helical antenna that can operate in three different bands with circular polarization. The antenna is comprised of two helical antennas with different radii that are embedded and supported by an innovative structural technique. This allows reconfigurable behavior, efficient folding, packaging, and deployment. The antenna is fabricated using 2-mil-thick-FPC Kapton with a 3-mil copper trace glued appropriately on the top. An actuation mechanism of telescopic form is used for the stress-free deployment of the proposed design. The proposed origami antenna can adjust its band of operation by changing its height; therefore, it is physically reconfigurable. The main advantage of this antenna is that it can cover multiple applications, such as GPS, WiMAX, and satellite radio communications with a measured maximum right-hand circularly polarized realized gain of 6.3, 12.7, and 10.5 dB, respectively, thereby eliminating the need for multiple antennas.
Impact of the Society of Surgical Oncology-American Society for Radiation Oncology Margin Guidelines on Breast-Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy Trends.

Background In 2014, the Society of Surgical Oncology and American Society for Radiation Oncology guidelines defined negative margin for stage I and II breast cancer as “no tumor on ink.” We hypothesized that repeat operation rates have decreased since the guideline introduction and would be associated with changes in overall surgical trends. Study Design The National Cancer Database was used to identify women who underwent initial breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for stage I and II breast cancer from 2004 to 2015. Results Of 521,578 patients that underwent initial BCS, 82.7% had BCS alone and 17.3% had repeat operation: 67% with BCS followed by another BCS, 24% with BCS followed by unilateral mastectomy, and 9% with BCS followed by bilateral mastectomy (BM). The repeat operation rate decreased from 16.2% in 2004 to 14.0% in 2015 (p Conclusions Repeat operation rates are decreasing after 2014, which is also associated with a rise in BCS and decrease in BM rates. Dissemination of margin guidelines for early-stage breast cancer might be impacting overall surgical trends.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Noniterative Reconstruction of Compressively Sensed Images

Traditional algorithms for compressive sensing recovery are computationally expensive and are ineffective at low measurement rates. In this paper, we propose a data-driven noniterative algorithm to overcome the shortcomings of earlier iterative algorithms. Our solution, ReconNet , is a deep neural network, which is learned end-to-end to map block-wise compressive measurements of the scene to the desired image blocks. Reconstruction of an image becomes a simple forward pass through the network and can be done in real time. We show empirically that our algorithm yields reconstructions with higher peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNRs) compared to iterative algorithms at low measurement rates and in presence of measurement noise. We also propose a variant of ReconNet, which uses adversarial loss in order to further improve reconstruction quality. We discuss how adding a fully connected layer to the existing ReconNet architecture allows for jointly learning the measurement matrix and the reconstruction algorithm in a single network. Experiments on real data obtained from a block compressive imager show that our networks are robust to unseen sensor noise.
Inter-Numerology Interference Management With Adaptive Guards: A Cross-Layer Approach

The next-generation communication technologies are evolving towards increased flexibility in various aspects. Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) remains as the waveform of the upcoming fifth-generation (5G) standard, the new radio provides flexibility in waveform parametrization (a.k.a. numerology) to address diverse requirements. However, managing the peaceful coexistence of mixed numerologies is challenging due to inter-numerology interference (INI). This paper proposes the utilization of adaptive guards in both time and frequency domains as a solution along with a multi-window operation in the physical (PHY) layer. The adaptive windowing operation needs a guard duration to reduce the unwanted emissions, and a guard band is required to handle the INI level on the adjacent band. The guards in both domains are jointly optimized with respect to the subcarrier spacing, use case (i.e., service requirement), and power offset between the numerologies. Also, the multi-window approach provides managing each side of the spectrum independently in case of an asymmetric interference scenario. Since the allowed interference level depends on the numerologies operating in the adjacent bands, the potential of adaptive guards is further increased and exploited with a medium access control (MAC) layer scheduling technique. The proposed INI-based scheduling algorithm decreases the need for guards by allocating the numerologies to the available bands, considering their subcarrier spacing, power level, and SIR requirements. Therefore, INI management is performed with a cross-layer (PHY and MAC) approach in this study. The results show that the precise design that accommodates such flexibility reduces the guards significantly and improves the spectral efficiency of mixed numerology systems.
Cooperative Traffic Control where Autonomous Cars Meet Human Drivers

Co-adaptive system is a close coupling between human and software system cooperating to achieve shared goals. This co-adaption requires adaptive actions to react to unpredictable circumstances. One of the challenges is to deal with uncertainties, and consequently, decision making under uncertainty, which may arise because of the change in the environment, the unpredictable resources, etc. Human behavior does contribute to large amounts of uncertainty. This paper presents an approach for using a simulator as a means of feedback to a human’s decision under uncertainty that can assist human in automated planning to generate cooperative and symbiotic strategy of human and the system to achieve given tasks. To validate the approach, this paper presents a customizable traffic simulator to measure the delays associated with passing vehicles through intersections. The simulator contains AI-based self-adaptive vehicles which can evaluate the quality of traffic at an intersection and change their driving behavior. The human operator from the outside of the system can manipulate the signaling time, the number of predicates per driving rule, number of rules per rule set, learning factor (adaption) etc. to overcome any unexpected traffic. This research proves that our simulator is more efficient than the individual human-operated and automated traffic system and makes a true cooperative traffic example.
Assessing Spanish Proficiency of Online Language Learners after Year 1.

Online (OL) second language (L2) courses are becoming more widely offered in the United States; however, little information exists about the effectiveness of OL L2 courses beyond one semester or course. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess Spanish students’ oral proficiency after completing one year of OL only L2 courses. At the end of year one, students ( n =65) completed the Versant exam, which scored overall level of oral proficiency as well as four sub-categories: pronunciation, fluency, sentence formation, and vocabulary production. The results showed that 40% of OL Spanish students met the ACTFL benchmark of Intermediate-Low, while 49% scored Novice-High, one level below the benchmark. A portion (15%) of students not reaching Intermediate-Low scored within a few points of the benchmark. A majority of the students also met the benchmark for pronunciation and fluency, but not for sentence formation or vocabulary production. These results show that it is possible for students enrolled exclusively in online Spanish language classes to meet benchmarks. Thus, OL language students can and should be held to the same standards of oral proficiency as their peers in seated classrooms.
Net benefits to US soy and maize yields from intensifying hourly rainfall

Many varieties of short-duration extreme weather pose a threat to global crop production, food security and farmer livelihoods1–4. Hourly exposure to extreme heat has been identified as detrimental to crop yields1,5; however, the influence of hourly rainfall intensity and extremes on yields remains unknown4,6,7. Here, we show that while maize and soy yields in the United States are severely damaged by the rarest hourly rainfall extremes (≥50 mm hr−1), they benefit from heavy rainfall up to 20 mm hr−1, roughly the heaviest downpour of the year on average. We also find that yields decrease in response to drizzle (0.1–1 mm hr−1), revealing a complex pattern of yield sensitivity across the range of hourly intensities. We project that crop yields will benefit by ~1–3% on average due to projected future rainfall intensification under climate warming8,9, slightly offsetting the larger expected yield declines from excess heat, with the benefits of more heavy rainfall hours outweighing the damages due to additional extremes. Our results challenge the view that an increasing frequency of high-intensity rainfall events poses an unequivocal risk to crop yields2,7,10 and provide insights that may guide adaptive crop management and improve crop models. Short-term extreme weather events such as hourly heat can negatively impact crop yields. US maize and soy yields are damaged by rare extreme hourly downpours, but benefit from more common heavy rainfall, indicating yields may benefit from increasing precipitation intensity under climate change.
The Relationship between Core Self-Evaluations and Affective Commitment

Core self-evaluations (CSE), a broad personality construct, has recently generated a great deal of research attention. However, while CSE has been found to be related to numerous relevant work outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction and job performance) and appears to be growing in its theoretical importance to the understanding of behavior at work, its relationship to Affective Commitment (AC) has not been investigated. Our results demonstrated that while CSE and AC are indeed related that, in order to fully understand this relationship, both job satisfaction and perceived job characteristics must also be considered since both fully mediate the CSE – AC relationship.
Building the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

Graham Allison, Former Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University explores the history, evolution and future of think tanks and policy advice in the United States.
Prospective impact of COVID-19 on mental health functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD: protective role of emotion regulation abilities.

Background The impact of chronic stressors like the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to be magnified in adolescents with pre-existing mental health risk, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined changes in and predictors of adolescent mental health from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States. Methods Participants include 238 adolescents (132 males; ages 15-17; 118 with ADHD). Parents and adolescents provided ratings of mental health symptoms shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic and in spring and summer 2020. Results Adolescents on average experienced an increase in depression, anxiety, sluggish cognitive tempo, inattentive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to spring 2020; however, with the exception of inattention, these symptoms decreased from spring to summer 2020. Adolescents with ADHD were more likely than adolescents without ADHD to experience an increase in inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms. Adolescents with poorer pre-COVID-19 emotion regulation abilities were at-risk for experiencing increases in all mental health symptoms relative to adolescents with better pre-COVID-19 emotion regulation abilities. Interactive risk based on ADHD status and pre-COVID-19 emotion regulation abilities was found for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, such that adolescents with ADHD and poor pre-COVID-19 emotion regulation displayed the highest symptomatology across timepoints. Lower family income related to increases in inattention but higher family income related to increases in oppositional/defiant symptoms. Conclusions The early observed increases in adolescent mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic do not on average appear to be sustained following the lift of stay-at-home orders, though studies evaluating mental health across longer periods of time are needed. Emotion dysregulation and ADHD increase risk for sustained negative mental health functioning and highlight the need for interventions for these populations during chronic stressors. Results and clinical implications should be considered within the context of our predominately White, middle class sample.
An in-depth examination of family child care providers and their engagement with outside systems using a mixed methods case study approach

Abstract This study extends a previously identified and validated typology of home-based child care providers which used providers’ reports of their beliefs and practices related to caregiving to categorize providers rather than regulatory status. We use a mixed methods case study approach to present findings from 12 licensed family child care providers with a specific focus on exploring differences in perspectives and engagement with outside systems among providers in different profiles. Data come from multiple sources, including state administrative data, provider surveys, an observational measure of program quality, interviews, and field notes. Findings highlight some consistent differences in practices, perspective, and engagement with systems between profiles. The case studies presented highlight and extend what is known about family child care providers’ perspectives on quality improvement initiatives and how their perspectives relate to their practices with children and families. Results can inform the development and refinement of quality improvement initiatives offered to home-based child care providers.
Momentary emotions and salivary cortisol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies.

Abstract An integrated view of the stress response requires consideration of both the emotional and hormonal sequelae of stress, which are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Understanding the extent of the association between emotions and cortisol at the momentary level can shed light on the biopsychological pathways linking stress to health. Research in this area has adopted heterogeneous approaches and produced mixed findings; thus, it is critical to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic searches in major databases identified 22 studies (negative emotions [k = 19; 38,418 momentary observations]; positive emotions [k = 15; 31,721 momentary observations]). Meta-analysis found a significant positive association between momentary negative emotions and cortisol (r = .06, p
Comparison of Adaptive Functioning Measures in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability

There is limited literature examining the adaptive functioning of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to (a) document Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-3) and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3) adaptive behavior profiles of adolescents with ASD; (b) examine the comparability of the two measures; and (c) assess potential discrepancies between IQ and adaptive behaviors. Participants included 14- to 18-year-olds with ASD without intellectual disability. Significant adaptive skills deficits were observed with most scores at least one standard deviation below the mean. Relative weaknesses were observed for social and daily living skills. The absolute magnitude of VABS-3 and ABAS-3 scores differed. There were significant discrepancies between IQ and adaptive functioning. These findings have implications for clinicians and researchers.
Using randomized trial data to estimate effects of complex treatment regimens in real-world patients.

e18706Background: Real-world patients often differ from trial participants in prognostic factors such as age, sex, and cancer substage. New methods combine covariate data from real-world patients (...
Data perturbation and recovery of time series gene expression data.

Cells, in order to regulate their activities, process transcripts by controlling which genes to transcribe and by what amount. The transcription level of genes often change over time. Rate of change of gene transcription varies between genes. It can even change for the same gene across different members of a population. Thus, for a given gene, it is important to study the transcription level not only at a single time point, but across multiple time points to capture changes in patterns of gene expression which underlies several phenotypic or exiernal factors. In such a dataset perturbation can happen due to which it may have missing transcription values for different samples at different time points. In this paper, we define three data perturbation models that are significant with respect to random deletion. We also define a recovery method that recovers data loss in the perturbed dataset such that the error is minimized. Our experimental results show that the recovery method compensates for the loss made by perturbation models. We show by means of two measures, namely, normalized distance and Pearson's correlation coefficient that the distance between the original and perturbed dataset is more than the distance between original and recovered dataset.
Dual-Energy Parathyroid 4D-CT: Improved Discrimination of Parathyroid Lesions from Thyroid Tissue Using Noncontrast 40-keV Virtual Monoenergetic Images.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In parathyroid CT, a noncontrast phase aids discrimination of parathyroid lesions (not iodine-containing) from thyroid tissue (iodine-containing). When thyroid iodine is pathologically diminished, this differentiation is difficult with standard CT. Because the attenuation of an element is maximal near its K-edge (iodine = 33.2 keV), we hypothesized that dual-energy CT 40-keV virtual monoenergetic images will accentuate thyroid iodine relative to standard images, improving the differentiation of thyroid from parathyroid lesions. Our purpose was to test this hypothesis through quantitative assessment of Hounsfield unit attenuation and contrast-to-noise on dual-energy CT standard (70-keV) and 40-keV noncontrast images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this retrospective study including 20 dual-energy parathyroid CTs, we used an ROI-based analysis to assess the attenuation of thyroid tissue, parathyroid lesions, and sternocleidomastoid muscle as well as corresponding contrast-to-noise on standard and 40- keV noncontrast images. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed to compare differences between 70 and 40 keV. RESULTS: Absolute and percentage increases in attenuation at 40 keV were significantly greater for thyroid gland than for parathyroid lesions and sternocleidomastoid muscle (P CONCLUSIONS: Forty-kiloelectron volt virtual monoenergetic images facilitate discrimination of parathyroid lesions from thyroid tissue by significantly increasing thyroid attenuation and associated contrast-to-noise. These findings are particularly relevant for parathyroid lesions that exhibit isoattenuation to the thyroid on parathyroid CT arterial and venous phases and could, therefore, be missed without the noncontrast phase.
Nucleotide sequence of the lysozyme gene of bacteriophage T4. Analysis of mutations involving repeated sequences.

The nucleotide sequence of the lysozyme (e) gene of bacteriophage T4 and approximately 130 additional nucleotides on each side has been determined. The 5′-end of the gene for internal protein III appears to be located about 70 base-pairs from the 3′-end of the lysozyme gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant e genes confirmed that three identified hotspots of frameshift mutations are runs of five A nucleotides in the wild-type gene. The endpoints of two deletions are direct repeats of eight base-pairs in the wild-type gene. Two frameshift mutations with high reversion frequencies are duplications of five or seven base-paris. The cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the lysozyme gene will facilitate further study of the molecular biology of T4 lysozyme.
MR Enterography of the Ileoanal Pouch: Descriptive Radiologic Analysis With Endoscopic and Pathologic Correlation

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR enterography (MRE) appearance of inflammation of the ileoanal pouch after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery and to correlate it with pouch endoscopic and histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. All MRE studies performed between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2013, for patients who had previously undergone IPAA (n = 54) were retrieved. After review of medical records, the patients who underwent MRE, pouch endoscopy, and biopsy within 90 days (14 men, 14 women; mean age, 42.2 years; range, 24–67 years) were selected for inclusion in the study. Two blinded MRI radiologists in consensus retrospectively evaluated MRE studies for multiple MRI features. Two MRI scores were then calculated: an active and a composite inflammation score. A gastroenterologist retrospectively reviewed the pouch endoscopic images, and a pathologist reviewed the slides; both of these investigators were blinded. Both MRI scores were correlated with the po...
Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology

Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology. Richard R. Wilk. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. 189 pp.
Mono-Higgs-boson: A new collider probe of dark matter

We explore the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) phenomenology of dark matter (DM) pair production in association with a 125-GeV Higgs boson. This signature, dubbed ``mono-Higgs,'' appears as a single Higgs boson plus missing energy from DM particles escaping the detector. We perform an LHC background study for mono-Higgs signals at $\sqrt{s}=8$ and 14 TeV for four Higgs boson decay channels: $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $b\overline{b}$, $Z{Z}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4\ensuremath{\ell}$, and $\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\ell}jj$. We estimate the LHC sensitivities to a variety of new physics scenarios within the frameworks of both effective operators and simplified models. For all of these scenarios, the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ channel provides the best sensitivity, whereas the $b\overline{b}$ channel suffers from a large $t\overline{t}$ background. Mono-Higgs is unlike other mono-$X$ searches ($X=\text{jet}$, photon, etc.) since the Higgs boson is unlikely to be radiated as initial state radiation and therefore probes the underlying DM vertex directly.
Estimating mass discharge from dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zones using upscaled mass transfer coefficients: An evaluation using multiphase numerical simulations

[1] Difficulties associated with identifying the dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture at the field scale, combined with the computational costs of field-scale DNAPL dissolution simulations, have motivated the development of a number of simplified models that rely upon upscaled (i.e., domain-averaged) mass transfer coefficients to approximate field-scale dissolution processes. While conceptually attractive, these upscaled models have yet to be fully evaluated for prediction of mass recovery from a range of nonuniform, three-dimensional DNAPL source zones. This study compares upscaled model predictions of flux-weighted downstream concentrations and source longevity to predictions derived from three-dimensional multiphase numerical simulation of tetrachloroethene (PCE)-NAPL dissolution for realizations of a statistically homogeneous, nonuniform aquifer. Although the functional forms of the upscaled models are generally shown to be mathematically equivalent, upscaled model flux-weighted concentration predictions varied by over one order of magnitude, with variations attributed to the dependence of the upscaled model parameters on the specific source zone scenario used for model calibration. Replacement of upscaled model calibration parameters with source zone parameters that can be obtained from site characterization information (specifically, the initial flux-weighted concentration and source zone ganglia-to-pool (GTP) mass ratio) reduced the root-mean-square error between upscaled and numerical model predictions by approximately 80%. Application of this modified model to a range of source zone scenarios (0.4 < GTP < ∞) demonstrates the efficacy of the model for use as a screening tool to relate DNAPL mass removal and flux-weighted concentrations when mass removal is less than 80%.
Quantitative assessment of bone mineral by photon scattering: calibration considerations

The ratio of the coherent-to-Compton photons scattered from bone can be used to measure its mineral density. Conversion of this ratio (R) to bone mineral density (BMD) requires calibration using bone simulating phantoms. The widely used aqueous solution of K2HPO4 proved unsatisfactory for calibration purposes when using the coherent-to-Compton technique. These solutions differ markedly in their scatter spectra and composition from trabecular bone. In this study a new and more realistic series of phantoms is proposed which simulates well the trabecular bone of the calcaneum. These phantoms are made of bone ash suspended in white petrolatum in varying concentrations. A calibration curve has been established using these phantoms with a range of BMD values of 0 to 347 mg/cm3. The scatter spectra, and range of R values and BMD of these phantoms are in very good agreement with those of real trabecular bone. A measuring device has been built for the determination of the BMD of the calcaneum by using the established calibration curve.
Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. I. A portable microcomputer-based software package in Fortran

Abstract A software package is described that is designed to simplify the collection, storage, and processing of data to be used for three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. The package, called MORPHO, consists of four independent programs, all written in FORTRAN, running under CP M , and called ISPY, DMPSPY, EDSPY, and STATSPY. The function of ISPY is to guide the user in the documentation, digitization, and storage of data derived from serial section images. The serial sections may be at any level of resolution: ultrastructural, microscopic, or macroscopic. DMPSPY allows the user to display and to make hard copies of the digitized contours. EDSPY allows any and all errors in data entry to be rectified simply and directly. STATSPY carries out statistical calculations, such as cross-sectional areas and volumes. A useful feature of STATSPY is the provision for easy insertion of additional subroutines to compute special statistics not currently provided.
General relations concerning multiply-periodic excitation of nonlinear dynamical systems

Abstract If a nonlinear dynamic system is in a state of steady multiply-periodic excitation with a number of incommensurable fundamental frequencies, there exist the same number of relations governing the transfer of energy in this system. General forms for these relations may be established by modifications of the theorem of the Poincare invariant. These theorems enable one to associate a conservation relation with a closed (cyclic) family of dynamical systems; such a family may be formed by varying any one of the phase parameters which one may associate with the fundamental frequencies. The relations are first set up in a form appropriate to systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom. When applied to a purely reactive electrical network, these relations reduce to those derived by Manley and Rowe. The relations are next established in a form appropriate to the study of nonlinear fields. The general relations are specialized for the following examples: nonlinear electromagnetic media; one-dimensional electron beam with electrostatic field; and unrestricted electron flow with electromagnetic field. These examples reproduce and extend relations established by Haus and Grau.
μ-Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane-P:P′-octacarbonyldimanganese(Mn–Mn) and its toluene hemisolvate

The Mn-Mn bonds in the two independent molecules of the unsolvated title compound, [Mn(2)(C(25)H(22)P(2))(CO)(8)], (I), are 2.9714 (7) and 2.9746 (7) A. This bond is distinctly shortened in the toluene hemisolvate, [Mn(2)(C(25)H(22)P(2))(CO)(8)] x 0.5C(7)H(8), (II), to 2.9338 (14) A and this shortening is accompanied by an increase in magnitude of the P-Mn-Mn-P torsion angle [26.93 (3) and 28.44 (3) degrees in (I), and 33.25 (7) degrees in (II)], while the P...P 'bite' is much less affected [3.092 (2) and 3.099 (2) A in (I), and 3.091 (3) A in (II)]. The toluene solvate molecule in (II) lies on a twofold axis.
An Umbrella With Holes: Respect for Non-Derogable Human Rights During Declared States of Emergency, 1996–2004

This paper examines the effects of non-derogability status for seven human rights during declared states of emergency from 1996 to 2004 in 195 countries. For this purpose, we create several original measures of countries’ state of emergency status. Our analysis finds the intended protections from the special legal status of non-derogable rights to be anemic, at best, during declared emergencies. This finding begs a reconsideration of both the utility of the “non-derogable” categorization in both international and municipal law, and the conditions under which declared states of emergency might be justified.
Characterization of the methotrexate transport defect in a resistant L1210 lymphoma cell line

Abstract L1210/R81 lymphoma cells are resistant to methotrexate (MTX) by virtue of a 35-fold elevation in dihydrofolate reductase and an inability to transport the folate antagonist drug effectively. In a phosphate-containing buffer there was little or no influx into the resistant cells at either 1 or 50 μ m MTX. Replacement of this buffer with a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid-Mg2+ system resulted in an apparent influx of MTX into the resistant cells. Under these conditions, L1210/R81 cells achieved an apparent steady state at an extracellular MTX concentration of 50 μ m . The apparent steady-state level of 5 nmol [ 3 H]MTX 10 9 cells was well below the intracellular level of dihydrofolate reductase (45 nmol/109 cells). Efflux experiments at the apparent steady state indicated that 60% of the MTX was very rapidly removed from the cells by washing. Over the range of the experiment a further 20% of the MTX effluxed more slowly ( t 1 2 = 12 min ). The apparent influx into the resistant cells at 5 μ m MTX was inhibited 13% by sodium azide (100 μ m ) and initially stimulated, then inhibited, by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (100 μ m ). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (100 μ m ) had little effect on the process while aminopterin (100 μ m ) was inhibitory (68%). Kt and V values of 2 × 10−5 m and 0.31 nmol [ 3 H]MTX 10 9 cells/min, respectively, were determined for the apparent influx in L 1210 R 81 cells. Comparison of apparent MTX influx in the resistant cells with MTX transport in the sensitive cells indicates profound differences in the two processes. The evidence suggests that the apparent influx in the former cell line may consist of MTX binding to the cell membrane together with a small degree of MTX influx into the intracellular compartment.
Ecology of Rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Rodent populations were studied during a 29-month period of crisis and recovery of food resources. Four species were abundant or common. Some of the elements of their biological success were observed: (1) Ecological stratification, e.g., Dipodomys merriami and Perognathus longimembris are both nocturnal herbivores, but the latter species is seasonally dormant; Onychomys torridus is a nocturnal carnivore, and Ammospermophilus leucurus is a diurnal herbivore. (2) P. longimembris was not captured during most of the fall and winter, apparently being dormant during this time. Dormancy of this small pocket mouse (8.5 g) probably accounts for its greater persistence; 30% of marked individuals survived from one spring to the next, as compared with 12–19% for D. merriami (37.5 g) which is active all year. (3) D. merriami is able to maintain a population density exceeding those of other nocturnal rodents, except P. longimembris , when this latter species is active. Densities of D. merriami ranged from 0.45 to 3.72 per hectare. Reproduction of D. merriami is correlated with winter rains and subsequent development of vegetation. Body weight increases during the winter months to a peak in early spring; reproductive activity follows the same pattern. Male kangaroo rats come into reproductive condition earlier than females, which may insure impregnation of early active females. Population densities of D. merriami vary with production of vegetation, with a considerable lag. The maximum density was observed about one year after the start of a drought period; low densities persisted for over one year after the vegetation had recovered. Home ranges of D. merriami tended to vary inversely with population density. Frequencies of capture were greatest when there was the most environmental stress. Activity tended to be greatest the first part of trapping nights. P. longimembris had greater home range and frequency of capture than D. merriami .
The Ferredoxin-Binding Site of Ferredoxin:Nitrite Oxidoreductase (Differential Chemical Modification of the Free Enzyme and Its Complex with Ferredoxin)

Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) leaf ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent nitrite reductase was treated with either the arginine-modifying reagent phenyl-glyoxal or the lysine-modifying reagent pyridoxal-5'-phosphate under conditions where only the Fd-binding affinity of the enzyme was affected and where complex formation between Fd and the enzyme prevented the inhibition by either reagent. Modification with [14C]phenylglyoxal allowed the identification of two nitrite reductase arginines, R375 and R556, that are protected by Fd against labeling. Modification of nitrite reductase with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, followed by reduction with NaBH4, allowed the identification of a lysine, K436, that is protected by Fd against labeling. Positive charges are present at these positions in all of the Fd-dependent nitrite reductase for which sequences are available, suggesting that these amino acids are directly involved in electrostatic binding of Fd to the enzyme.
Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia associated with normal and long Q-T intervals.

Abstract Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia may occur in the setting of either a normal or a prolonged Q-T interval. Torsade de pointes is a form of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in which the polarity of the QRS complex exhibits phasic alterations in both axis and rate. Traditionally, torsade de pointes has been described in association with a variety of congenital and acquired (including drug and metabolic) causes of Q-T prolongation. The distinction between torsade de pointes and those polymorphous ventricular tachycardias occurring in patients with a normal Q-T interval has important therapeutic implications. The former requires strict avoidance of all drugs that may potentially further delay repolarization, including class I antiarrhythmic agents; immediately, the initiation of cardiac pacing is often necessary for control of arrhythmia, and on a long-term basis, sympathetic nervous blockade is often efficacious. In contrast, the polymorphous ventricular tachycardias with a normal Q-T interval usually respond to conventional therapy, including administration of class I antiarrhythmic agents. Thus, the management of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia should be based on the presence or absence of associated repolarization alterations rather than on the morphologic features of the tachycardia. Unfortunately, recent advances in basic and clinical electrophysiology have not yet elucidated the pathophysiologic basis for these arrhythmias, although this is an area of active investigative interest.
An American Railroad Man East of the Urals, 1918–1922

(1998). An American Railroad Man East of the Urals, 1918–1922. The Historian: Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 813-829.
Holographic Microvelocimeter For Use In Studying Ocean Particle Dynamics

Laboratory measurements were made of the sizes, shapes, and settling speeds of microscopic ocean-type particles by recording sequential transmission holograms of clay aggregates and glass shot in a settling chamber. Density values for particles that were approximate spheroids were determined using a modified Stokes settling equation. The successful application to this problem of inexpensive, off-the-shelf components and low power, HeNe lasers improves the feasibility of remote, in situ measurements of ocean particle settling dynamics.
A global average model of atmospheric aerosols for radiative transfer calculations

A global average model is proposed for the size distribution, chemical composition, and optical thickness of stratospheric and tropospheric aerosols. This aerosol model is designed to specify the input parameters to global average radiative transfer calculations which assume the atmosphere is horizontally homogeneous. The model subdivides the atmosphere at multiples of 3 km, where the surface layer extends from the ground to 3 km, the upper troposphere from 3 to 12 km, and the stratosphere from 12 to 45 km. A list of assumptions made in construction of the model is presented and discussed along with major model uncertainties. The stratospheric aerosol is modeled as a liquid mixture of 75% H2SO4 and 25% H2O, while the tropospheric aerosol consists of 60% sulfate and 40% soil particles above 3 km and of 50% sulfate, 35% soil particles, and 15% sea salt below 3 km. Implications and consistency of the model are discussed.
Dislocation loop growth and void swelling in bounded media by charged particle damage

Abstract A system of partial differential rate equations for the growth of dislocation loops and voids in one-dimensionally bounded media, namely the semi-infinite medium and the foil, uner charged particle irradiation has been formulated in terms of the diffusion controlled kinetics of defect annealing and cluster growth. An efficient numerical method of integrating the rate equations is presented. Example calculations for 4 MeV Ni self-ion bombardment at 550°C are made, and both time and space dependence of loop growth and void swelling are discussed.