cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serotonergic function in cocaine addicts: prolactin responses to sequential D,L-fenfluramine challenges.

Abstract Background: Preclinical studies have shown that cocaine produces alterations in serotonergic function but our knowledge of the serotonergic alterations due to cocaine abuse in humans is still fragmentary. We therefore assessed the central serotonergic responsivity of cocaine addicts and control subjects by neuroendocrine challenges with the serotonin releaser and reuptake inhibitor d,l -fenfluramine (FEN). Methods: Plasma prolactin levels following a 60 mg oral dose of FEN and placebo were studied in 25 hospitalized male cocaine addicts and 13 healthy male subjects. Control subjects underwent one set of FEN/placebo challenges and cocaine addicts two sets of challenges, during the first and third weeks following cocaine discontinuation. Patients were divided into two subgroups as a function of presence (FH+) and absence (FH−) of a paternal history of substance abuse. The following comparisons were made: 1) Control subjects versus entire patient group and versus patient subgroups; 2) entire patient group and patient subgroups responses to first versus second challenges; 3) FH+ versus FH− patients’ early responses and FH+ versus FH− patients’ late responses. Results: The prolactin responses to FEN increased significantly in the entire patient group as time following cocaine discontinuation increased. The FH+ patients had significantly blunted early responses by comparison with FH− patients and control subjects. There was a more pronounced rebound of the responses of FH+ patients by comparison with those of FH− patients. As a result, comparisons of the late responses of FH+ and FH− patients and of FH+ patients and control subjects became nonsignificant. Conclusions: Cocaine use appears to have an effect on the serotonergic mechanisms mediating prolactin release in humans. In the present study, this effect was more pronounced in a subgroup of patients with a paternal history of alcoholism or drug abuse. The greater blunting of the prolactin response observed within days of cocaine discontinuation followed by a greater rebound of this response 2 weeks later could indicate an increased vulnerability to the disruptive effects of cocaine in these patients.
The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low carbohydrate diet that is used as a therapy for intractable epilepsy. However, the mechanism(s) by which the KD achieves neuroprotection and/or seizure control are not yet known. We sought to determine whether the KD improves mitochondrial redox status. Adolescent Sprague–Dawley rats (P28) were fed a KD or control diet for 3 weeks and ketosis was confirmed by plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). KD-fed rats showed a twofold increase in hippocampal mitochondrial GSH and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with control diet-fed rats. To determine whether elevated mitochondrial GSH was associated with increased de novo synthesis, the enzymatic activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) (the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) and protein levels of the catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunits of GCL were analyzed. Increased GCL activity was observed in KD-fed rats, as well as up-regulated protein levels of GCL subunits. Reduced CoA (CoASH), an indicator of mitochondrial redox status, and lipoic acid, a thiol antioxidant, were also significantly increased in the hippocampus of KD-fed rats compared with controls. As GSH is a major mitochondrial antioxidant that protects mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) against oxidative damage, we measured mitochondrial H2O2 production and H2O2-induced mtDNA damage. Isolated hippocampal mitochondria from KD-fed rats showed functional consequences consistent with the improvement of mitochondrial redox status i.e. decreased H2O2 production and mtDNA damage. Together, the results demonstrate that the KD up-regulates GSH biosynthesis, enhances mitochondrial antioxidant status, and protects mtDNA from oxidant-induced damage.
Regression patterns of uveal melanomas after proton beam irradiation.

Abstract Forty-four uveal melanomas were evaluated for patterns of tumor regression after proton beam irradiation. All tumors were followed for a minimum of ten months after treatment. Seven lesions completely disappeared, 33 have decreased in size, and 4 remained unchanged. Associated signs of tumor regression were: resolution of the secondary serous retinal detachments, central apical yellow discoloration of the tumor, destruction of the tumor's vasculature, and elimination of fluorescein leakage. This study demonstrated that regression after proton beam irradiation is a relatively slow process, and the effects of radiation could be observed in some cases more than a year after treatment.
Thermal properties of insolubilized polyacetals derived from non-formaldehyde crosslinking agents

Abstract Crosslinked polyols when applied to woven or non-woven fabrics impart high heats of fusion, lower thermal conductivity and several other physical properties. Previous publications have demonstrated that polyethylene glocols could be crosslinked onto a substrate with tetrafunctional cyclic urea compounds. A new formaldehyde free crosslinking system has been discovered using stoichiometric amounts of sulfonic acids and glyokal to form polyacetals with the same polyols. These polyacetals exhibit the same multifunctional properties and are also durable to laundering.
A Comparison between Ground Soybeans and Linseed Oilmeal as Protein Supplements for Growing Dairy Calves

Summary 1. Two trials, 360 days and 330 days respectively, have been completed in which eight calves have been raised on alfalfa hay and a grain ration containing linseed oilmeal, and eight calves on a comparable ration in which ground raw soybeans were used in place of linseed oilmeal as a protein supplement. 2. Ground raw soybeans and linseed oilmeal were found to be equally effective as protein supplements in the grain rations for growing heifer calves when fed with alfalfa hay.
A control-theoretic approach to the management of the software system test phase

Abstract A quantitative, adaptive process control technique is described using an industrially validated model of the software system test phase (STP) as the concrete target to be controlled. The technique combines the use of parameter correction and Model Predictive Control to overcome the problems induced by modeling errors, parameter estimation errors, and limits on the resources available for productivity improvement. We present an example of the technique applied to data from the execution of the STP of a commercial software development effort at a large software manufacturer. The example shows that the control technique successfully achieves the schedule and quality objectives despite uncertainty in the estimation of the model parameters.
Kinetics of methylchlorosilane formation on Zn-promoted Cu3Si

The kinetics of the direct synthesis reaction (Si + 2CH3Cl → (CH3)2SiCl2) were measured on a Cu3Si alloy containing 1.2 atom % Zn. Reaction was carried out in a differential reactor (520–595 K, 1 atm) attached to an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. Auger spectroscopy was used to characterize the surface before and after reaction. Zinc does not significantly change the overall rate of reaction, but it changes selectivity to dimethyldichlorosilane (the desired product), surface composition, activation energies, and induction times. The rate of silicon diffusion to the surface is not limiting in the presence of zinc. Zinc is found to be a promoter for improved selectivity only in low concentrations, and only a fraction of the surface appears to be active for reaction. The kinetics appear relatively insensitive to the surface composition or the form of surface carbon. A Cu3Si surface with Zn is shown to be a good model catalyst for the direct synthesis reaction.
Effect of Two Opiine Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Introduced for Fruit Fly Control on a Native Hawaiian Tephritid,Trupanea dubautiae(Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead) andPsyttalia fletcheri(Silvestri) are opiine parasitoids introduced into Hawaii for control of the Oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) and the melon fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett), respectively. Both species have recently been mass-reared and released for research in augmentative biocontrol programs. Laboratory and field sleeve cage experiments were conducted to investigate the potential impact of mass-producedD. longicaudataandP. fletcherion a native Hawaiian tephritid,Trupanea dubautiae(Bryan), infesting the flowerheads of the native composite shrubDubautia raillardioidesHillebrand. Gravid females ofD. longicaudataandP. fletcheriwere confined with bloomingD. raillardioidesflowerheads infested with late instarT. dubautiae.BothD. longicaudataandP. fletcherilacked positive oviposition responses toT. dubautiaelarvae in infested flowerheads and caused neither parasitism nor mortality to the flies. However, when larvae were removed from the flowerheads and presented in screened dishes containing artificial diet of the parasitoids' normal rearing hosts (B. dorsalisandB. cucurbitae), bothD. longicaudataandP. fletcherireadily oviposited in the test larvae. Oviposition byD. longicaudatadid not significantly affect the percentage pupation ofT. dubautiae,but did reduce the emergence of adult flies. Oviposition byP. fletcherisignificantly reduced both pupation and adult fly emergence. All progeny of both parasitoid species died as eggs or first-instar larvae. Results from our experiments demonstrate that biological control programs targeted against frugivorous tephritid pests byD. longicaudataandP. fletcherihave no harmful impact on flowerhead-infestingT. dubautiae.
Targets of TGFβ-related signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans

With the characterization of the Smads 5 years ago, it became possible to trace the TGFbeta signal transduction pathway from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Since that time, many Smad interaction partners, cofactors and target genes have been identified using a variety of experimental approaches and model systems. Understanding how these partners generate tissue specificity and crosstalk between pathways is an ongoing pursuit for the field of TGFbeta signal transduction. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides a simple, genetically tractable model organism in which to address this goal. This review will examine progress towards the identification of cellular and molecular targets of TGFbeta-related signaling in C. elegans.
Multiplicities and periodic behavior in laser direct-write metallization

Abstract A one-dimensional model for pyrolytic laser direct-writing of metal features from thin metal-organic films is presented. The model extends previous work for laser-induced crystallization by including a mass balance that accounts explicitly for chemical reaction in the film. A finite-element approach is used to solve both the steady-state and transient forms of the model. The model predicts multiple steady states for certain laser powers and scan speeds when the optical properties of the film are a nonlinear function of the fractional conversion in the film. These predictions agree qualitatively with the multiplicity that has been observed in the direct-writing of palladium features from palladium acetate films on quartz substrates. Experimental results that demonstrate multiplicity in this system are included. For sufficiently exothermic reactions, the model also predicts periodic solutions that correspond to periodic features reported for laser direct-writing of gold features organogold films.
Meeting International Society for Technology in Education Competencies with a Problem-Based Learning Video Framework

Meeting International Society for Technology in Education competencies creates a challenge for teachers. The authors provide a problem-based video framework that guides teachers in enhancing 21st century skills to meet those competencies. To keep the focus on the content, the authors suggest teaching the technology skills only at the point the students need to use them. An example is provided on how the problem-based video framework was applied in a higher education setting. The benefits and challenges for using video within a problem-based learning context are discussed.
Mechanisms behind low salinity water injection in carbonate reservoirs

Abstract The low salinity water injection method (LSWI) has become one of the important research topics in the oil industry because of its enormous possible advantages. The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanism behind the LSWI effect on oil recovery through data matching. The UTCHEM simulator was used to match the cycles of the injected seawater and different dilutions of the latter for two recently published coreflooding experiments. The result from the history matching revealed that the wettability alteration mechanism is believed to be the main contributor to LSWI. Based on this finding, an analytical model for oil recovery predictions can be developed.
DNA sequence context conceals α-anomeric lesions.

DNA sequence context has long been known to modulate detection and repair of DNA damage. Recent studies using experimental and computational approaches have sought to provide a basis for this observation. We have previously shown that an α-anomeric adenosine (αA) flanked by cytosines (5′CαAC-3′) resulted in a kinked DNA duplex with an enlarged minor groove. Comparison of different flanking sequences revealed that a DNA duplex containing a 5′CαAG-3′ motif exhibits unique substrate properties. However, this substrate was not distinguished by unusual thermodynamic properties. To understand the structural basis of the altered recognition, we have determined the solution structure of a DNA duplex with a 5′CαAG-3′ core, using an extensive set of restraints including dipolar couplings and backbone torsion angles. The NMR structure exhibits an excellent agreement with the data (total RX <5.3%). The αA base is intrahelical, in a reverse Watson–Crick orientation, and forms a weak base pair with a thymine of the opposite strand. In comparison to the DNA duplex with a 5′CαAC-3′ core, we observe a significant reduction of the local perturbation (backbone, stacking, tilt, roll, and twist), resulting in a straighter DNA with narrower minor groove. Overall, these features result in a less perturbed DNA helix and obscure the presence of the lesion compared to the 5′CαAC-3′ sequence. The improved stacking of the 5′CαAG-3′ core also affects the energetics of the DNA deformation that is required to form a catalytically competent complex. These traits provide a rationale for the modulation of the recognition by endonuclease IV.
Safety of carotid endarterectomy in patients concurrently on clopidogrel.

Background Clopidogrel (Plavix ® ) usage is increasing, primarily for the management of patients with cerebrovascular symptoms and for those receiving drug-eluting coronary artery stents. A significant percentage of these patients will require carotid endarterectomy (CEA) while they are receiving clopidogrel. Recent data have demonstrated an increased incidence of coronary stent thrombosis when clopidogrel is discontinued. The objective of this study was to determine if CEA could be performed safely while patients are continued on clopidogrel therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort design was employed to review consecutive patients who underwent CEA over a 24-month period ending March 2007. Patients were divided into two groups based on the perioperative use of clopidogrel. Preoperative demographics and postoperative results were compared between the two groups and statistically analyzed. Results Of the 100 patients who underwent CEA, 19 were taking clopidogrel within 5 days of surgery. This comprised the study group. The control group consisted of the 81 patients who did not receive clopidogrel. Heparin anticoagulation was routinely utilized prior to clamping in both groups. Demographics were similar between the groups. There were no statistical differences in morbidity or mortality between the control group and the clopidogrel group. Combined stroke/death rates were equivalent between the two groups (1.2% control vs. 0% clopidogrel). One hematoma developed in the control group, which did not require operative intervention. Conclusion In this series, our results suggest that patients concurrently on clopidogrel can safely undergo CEA without increased risk of hematoma or neurological complications. In view of recent data demonstrating adverse outcomes in patients discontinuing clopidogrel, this study is useful in optimally managing this group of patients.
Freeze-thaw and cooking effects on broiler breast fillets with extreme initial L* values

Abstract Five hundred broiler males were grown to 56 d and processed under common terms. Front halves were deboned 24 h postmortem to obtain breast fillets, and CIELAB light reflectance was measured on the skin side of each fillet 24 h later. All fillets were bagged and frozen (-20 degrees C) for 5 mo. Then the fillets exhibiting the lowest (dark), median (normal), and highest (pale) L* values 48 h postmortem were thawed (3 d at 4 degrees C) and cooked (internal temperature 80 degrees C). Thawing reduced the L* value in the pale fillets and increased it in the dark ones, and cooking further increased L* value and reduced the differences in L*, a*, and b* between groups. Thawing and cooking losses were not affected by initial L* value until they were combined. Total losses increased with initial L*, which was in parallel with a lower increase in thickness after cooking.
Personality traits in adolescent adjustment reactions.

Summary.-The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses advanced by the Personality Assessment System, a theoretical approach which infers personality structure and function from intelligence test data. The sample consisted of 82 emotionally disturbed adolescents who were divided into 2 groups, one considered "more disturbed" and the other "less disturbed." 3 specific hypotheses determined in advance were tested, 2 of which were upheld. The results are thought to support some of the PAS constructs and to imply the potential value of this theorerical framework in studying emorional disturbances in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test three specific hypotheses based on the Personality Assessment System (PAS).l Some of the theory's constructs may be subject to revision. Nevertheless, the PAS already includes a number of explicit hypotheses related to predominant personality traits in various clinical groups and well-defined developrcental patterns thought to predispose a person to patticular modes of reaction. The theory also provides the procedures by which its hypotheses can be tested. A number of them have already found experimental support. In one study (Schuunan & Thetford, 1968), two out of the three theory-determined hypotheses relating to conversion reactions were cross-validated. Conversion reactiocs and personality traits as identified by the PAS were studied further in a later sady (Thetford & Schucman, 1970). A preliminary investigation of theoretical personality features in ulcerative colitis and migraine patients (Thetford & Schucman, 1968) yielded results along theoretically anticipated lines, as did more extensive later comparisons of these patient groups (Schucman & Thetford, 1970). Using "normal" samples nine specific theory-determined hypothesis were tested, five of which were upheld (Thetford & Schucman, 1969). The Personality Assessment System The brief and oversimplified review of the PAS which is given here fails to convey the complex interpersonal and developmental emphases which the theory stresses. Further, tke personality dimensions which the theory includes are described here as dichotomous, although they are actually regarded as continuous. Finally, many of the theoretical constructs are omitted entirely, since this account is limited to PAS constructs which have direct bearing on the study to follow. 'The PAS was developed by John Gittinger on the basis of many years of clinical experience. Accounts of some of the major constructs of the PAS and related research findings are available (Krauskopf & Dzvis, 1969; Saunders, 1959a, 1959b; Saunders & Gittinger, 1968; Schucman & Thedord, 1968, 1970; Thetford & Schucman, 1968, 1969, 1970; Wagner, 1967).
Analysis of the numerical error caused by the stair-stepped approximation of a conducting boundary in FDTD simulations of electromagnetic phenomena

A rigorous analysis of the numerical error associated with the use of stair-stepped (saw-toothed) approximation of a conducting boundary for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations is presented. First, a dispersion analysis in two dimensions is performed to obtain the numerical reflection coefficient for a plane wave scattered by a perfectly conducting wall, tilted with respect to the axes of the finite-difference grid, under both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. The characteristic equation for surface waves that can be supported by such saw-tooth conducting surfaces is derived. This equation leads to expressions that show the dependence of the propagation constant along the boundary and the attenuation constant perpendicular to it on cell size and wavelength. Numerical simulations that demonstrate the effects predicted by the dispersion analysis are presented. >
Multimedia file sharing in multimedia home or office business networks

Today, many computer users in business and industry are adopting Macintosh computers as a primary multimedia tool because of its superior video, images, and sound. Although many cross-platform file types are currently available, connection type depends mainly on network purpose, and media types are sufficiently diverse that uninformed users can encounter serious problems. This paper presents a simple network solution that will enable home users and small or large businesses to share files, printer, and Internet service seamlessly.
The iterated abstract euler-poisson-darboux problem for negative values of the parameter

Let X be a Banach space and let A=B2 in which B is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continous group in X for α>0.We construct solution representations of the iterated Cauchy problem in which the πj∊D(Ar) for r ≥n.When α=2m+1.these initial conditions can be satisfied only if n-1≤m. This corresponds to the exceptional Euler poisson-Darboux problem. The representations are obtained by using the models of associated equations and parametric differentation and can be applied to the treatment of the iterated GASPT equation and associated function theory.
Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime

Many jurisdictions have considered relaxing Sunday alcohol sales restrictions, yet such restrictions' effects on public health remain poorly understood. This paper analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004. Differences-in-differences and triple-differences estimates indicate the liberalization increased minor crime by 5% and alcohol-involved serious crime by 10%. The law change did not affect domestic crime or induce significant geographic or inter-temporal crime displacement. The costs of this additional crime are comparable to the state's revenues from increased liquor sales.
A CMOS fully balanced differential difference amplifier and its applications

We present the fully balanced version of the differential difference amplifier (DDA) as an essential building block for implementing fully differential architectures of analog CMOS integrated circuits (ICs). It is demonstrated that the fully balanced differential difference amplifier (FBDDA) provides the solution for systematically developing fully differential versions of any single-ended op-amp based circuit. It is also shown that, unlike the DDA, the FBDDA exhibits a wide input range without demanding complex circuitry. A low-power class AB CMOS realization of the proposed circuit has been designed and fabricated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m technology. All proposed design techniques and circuits were experimentally verified.
Sisters Unbound Is Required for Meiotic Centromeric Cohesion in Drosophila melanogaster

Regular meiotic chromosome segregation requires sister centromeres to mono-orient (orient to the same pole) during the first meiotic division (meiosis I) when homologous chromosomes segregate, and to bi-orient (orient to opposite poles) during the second meiotic division (meiosis II) when sister chromatids segregate. Both orientation patterns require cohesion between sister centromeres, which is established during meiotic DNA replication and persists until anaphase of meiosis II. Meiotic cohesion is mediated by a conserved four-protein complex called cohesin that includes two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) subunits (SMC1 and SMC3) and two non-SMC subunits. In Drosophila melanogaster, however, the meiotic cohesion apparatus has not been fully characterized and the non-SMC subunits have not been identified. We have identified a novel Drosophila gene called sisters unbound (sunn), which is required for stable sister chromatid cohesion throughout meiosis. sunn mutations disrupt centromere cohesion during prophase I and cause high frequencies of non-disjunction (NDJ) at both meiotic divisions in both sexes. SUNN co-localizes at centromeres with the cohesion proteins SMC1 and SOLO in both sexes and is necessary for the recruitment of both proteins to centromeres. Although SUNN lacks sequence homology to cohesins, bioinformatic analysis indicates that SUNN may be a structural homolog of the non-SMC cohesin subunit stromalin (SA), suggesting that SUNN may serve as a meiosis-specific cohesin subunit. In conclusion, our data show that SUNN is an essential meiosis-specific Drosophila cohesion protein.
New Horizons for Regional Geography

Two prominent U.S. geographers outline the framework and mandate of an emerging new regional geography as a tool for understanding rapid and profound changes in the contemporary world. In so doing, they differentiate this new approach to the geographic study of regions from both (a) the traditional practice of regional geography prevailing in the discipline from the mid-19th century and (b) accounts of geography's role in contemporary affairs offered by non-specialists in the mass media (e.g., Kaplan's "revenge of geography"). The authors provide recommendations for, and note the benefits of, a strengthening of regional research and training in geography, while mapping out an expanded role for Eurasian Geography and Economics in disseminating new regional research whose scope extends beyond disciplinary boundaries to embrace current public and political debate. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O100, O180, P000, R110.60 references.
Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

In recent years, HIV/AIDS populations have become older and increasingly more ethnically diverse. Concurrently, the prevalence of HIV-related neurocognitive (NC) impairment remains high. This study examined the effects of age and ethnicity on NC function in HIV-positive adults. The sample (N = 126; 84 Latina/o and 42 Non-Hispanic White) completed a comprehensive NC battery. Global NC and domain average demographically-corrected t-scores were generated. There were no significant differences between Younger ( .10), with generally small effect sizes. Older Latina/os (≥50 years) were significantly more impaired than Older Non-Hispanic Whites on processing speed and learning, with trends in Global NC function and memory. Further, effect sizes fell within the medium to large range (Cohen's d's = .49–1.15). This study suggests that older Latina/os are at potentially greater risk for NC impairment, particularly in processing...
A New Implication for China's Rural Education Reform: Organizational Learning Theory

After more than two decades of extraordinarily rapid policy-induced development, rural China is now faced with the challenge of transferring to a science- and technology-induced development. For such historical development to come about, China needs a cadre of wellqualified workers and managers in strategic rural locations. Paradoxically China is well known for a rural education policy that produces millions “who can neither apply their learning to scientific and technological industry nor develop new technology for agricultural and rural development.” Although numerous reforms have been attempted to ameliorate these conditions, very little progress has been realized. This paper credits past reform failures to single-loop learning and explores potential new “organizational learning” directions for China’s rural educational system.
Deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of myeloid disorders, with patients being at risk for cytopenias or progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Several classification and prognostic scoring systems have been developed. High-intensity treatments are not appropriate for all patients. Two demethylating agents, azacitidine and decitabine, are approved for the treatment of MDS, although many patients do not derive long-term benefit and eventually progress. Deacetylase inhibitors have emerged as novel treatment candidates based on mechanistic rationale and preliminary data. This article reviews existing data on MDS treatment and discusses the rationale and potential for combination with deacetylase inhibitors.
Differentiated search in hierarchical peer-to-peer networks

Although the original intent of the peer-to-peer (P2P) concept is to treat each participant equally, heterogeneity widely exists in deployed P2P networks. In this paper, we suggest to improve the search efficiency of P2P network by utilizing the query answering heterogeneity. Our proposed differentiated search (DiffSearch) algorithm can evolve an unstructured P2P network to a two-tier hierarchical structure, where peers with high query answering capabilities are grouped in the first tier, which has higher priority to be queried than the second tier. Because the query answering capability is extremely unbalanced among peers, a high query success ratio can be achieved by querying only a small portion of the network. The search traffic is dramatically reduced due to the shrunken search space. Our trace analysis and simulation show that the DiffSearch algorithm can save up to 60% of search traffic.
Clustered Desynchronization from High-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation.

While high-frequency deep brain stimulation is a well established treatment for Parkinson’s disease, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that two competing hypotheses, desynchronization and entrainment in a population of model neurons, may not be mutually exclusive. We find that in a noisy group of phase oscillators, high frequency perturbations can separate the population into multiple clusters, each with a nearly identical proportion of the overall population. This phenomenon can be understood by studying maps of the underlying deterministic system and is guaranteed to be observed for small noise strengths. When we apply this framework to populations of Type I and Type II neurons, we observe clustered desynchronization at many pulsing frequencies.
Perceived Barriers to and Facilitators of Hypertension Management among Underserved African American Older Adults.

Objective: To understand the perceived barriers to and facilitators of hypertension self-management among underserved Afri­can American older adults in a southeastern clinic. Design: Qualitative descriptive. Setting: Urban cardiovascular health clinic in a southeastern state. Participants: 28 African Americans diag­nosed with hypertension. Methods: Interview questions were focused on knowledge of hypertension management and barriers and facilitators to hypertension self-management. Thematic content analysis was applied. Results: Patients reported increased hyper­tension knowledge after attending the clinic. All patients reported knowledge of the severe consequences of uncontrolled hyper­tension. Perceived barriers to hypertension management included lack of money, lack of motivation to exercise, and fear of injury from exercising. Perceived facilitators of hypertension management included weight loss, unexpected diagnosis of hypertension, family members with hypertension and diabetes, and social support. Conclusions: Findings suggest that per­ceived barriers and facilitators influence a patient’s decision to manage hypertension. Findings suggest the importance of health literacy and patient-provider communica­tion at this particular clinic. Possible factors in the social environment may influence hypertension management. This study adds to the literature by understanding the perceived barriers to and facilitators of hy­pertension management of an underserved sample in a southeastern clinic. The results suggest a need for the redesign and trans­formation of future hypertension education strategies aimed at this clinic sample. Ethn Dis. 2015;25(3):329-336.
La crítica de la Moral Kantiana desde Nietzsche

En este ensayo se intenta esbozar la critica de Nietzsche a los tres conceptos de gran importancia en la etica y moral kantianas: el sujeto, la libertad y el imperativo categorico y propiciar asi la discusion sobre la posible limitacion de la vision de Kant.
Speciation in an Insular Sand Dune Habitat: Atrytonopsis (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)—Mainly from the Southwestern United States and Mexico—Off the North Carolina Coast

ABSTRACT. Genus Atrytonopsis of the American Southwest and Mexico includes the distributionally anomalous species Atrytonopsis hianna of the eastern United States, which has given rise to a species that is, in addition, ecologically anomalous (not just for its genus but for US hesperiids generally): Atrytonopsis quinteri new species lives in sand dunes along a 50-km stretch of two North Carolina barrier islands (Bogue Banks and Bear Island) and on nearby man-made Radio Island. The oviposition site and larval foodplant of this skipper is the coastal grass Schizachyrium littorale, which thrives in the rigorous sand dune habitat. Atrytonopsis quinteri is bivoltine and locally abundant. Courtship can be cursory; larvae go through 6 instars; and adults have a notably distinctive facies but variable genitalia like those of A. hianna (except that some A. quinteri females more frequently express an extreme genitalic variant). Genitalia of this pair of species differ somewhat from those of their congeners, most of...
Preference of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for Instars and Species of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Preference of Microplitis croceipes for five instars of Heliothis zea and H. virescens was measured experimentally on cotton in field cages. M. croceipes showed strong host-instar preferences. Using Manly's measure, we found wasps preferred third-instar larvae most ( b = 0.47), fourth- and second-instar larvae next ( b = 0.23 and 0.21, respectively), and first- and fifth-instar larvae least ( b = 0.04). Preference did not depend on total host density or on the density of the most preferred instar. The wasps did not prefer one host species over the other. The sex ratio of the wasps was not affected significantly by the instar parasitized. However, wasp development time depended on instar parasitized. Development time in an instar was also inversely correlated with preference for that instar, suggesting that selection for rapid development has contributed to the observed pattern of preferences. We present a model that predicts the proportion of larvae parasitized by the end of each instar, and thus the proportion of a host cohort parasitized in the field. The model requires as input the instar preferences of a parasitoid and an estimate of the density of searching parasitoids; it predicts parasitization fairly well in a collection of larvae from the field.
Integrated seismic texture segmentation and clustering analysis to improved delineation of reservoir geometry

Summary In recent years, 3D volumetric attributes have gained wide acceptance by geosciences interpreters. The early introduction of single-trace complex trace attributes was quickly followed by seismic sequence attribute mapping workflows. 3D geometric attributes such as coherence and curvature are also widely used. Most of these attributes correspond to a very simple easy-to-understand measures of a waveform or surface morphology. However, not all geologic features can be so easily quantified. For this reason, simple statistical measures of the seismic waveform such as RMS amplitude prove to be quite valuable in delineating more chaotic stratigraphy. In this paper, we show how modern texture analysis based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, when coupled with recent developments in self-organizing maps clustering technology, extends such statistical measures to delineate features that geoscientists can see, but not easily describe.
Fine-tuning of macrophage activation using synthetic rocaglate derivatives

Drug-resistant bacteria represent a significant global threat. Given the dearth of new antibiotics, host-directed therapies (HDTs) are especially desirable. As IFN-gamma (IFNγ) plays a central role in host resistance to intracellular bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we searched for small molecules to augment the IFNγ response in macrophages. Using an interferon-inducible nuclear protein Ipr1 as a biomarker of macrophage activation, we performed a high-throughput screen and identified molecules that synergized with low concentration of IFNγ. Several active compounds belonged to the flavagline (rocaglate) family. In primary macrophages a subset of rocaglates 1) synergized with low concentrations of IFNγ in stimulating expression of a subset of IFN-inducible genes, including a key regulator of the IFNγ network, Irf1; 2) suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and type I IFN and 3) induced autophagy. These compounds may represent a basis for macrophage-directed therapies that fine-tune macrophage effector functions to combat intracellular pathogens and reduce inflammatory tissue damage. These therapies would be especially relevant to fighting drug-resistant pathogens, where improving host immunity may prove to be the ultimate resource.
Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized Children:Investigation and Analysis of 2400 Cases

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antibiotic use status in hospitalized children and evaluate its rationality to provide references for rational use of drugs.METHODS:200 filed medical records were sampled randomly monthly for investigation of the antibiotic use in accordance with the principle of rational use of antibacterials.RESULTS:In the 2 400 medical records,1 795(74.8%) had antibiotic use,with single use accounting for 79.3% and combined use of two antibacterials accounting for 20.7%.Cephalosporins and macrolides were the predominantly used antibacterials.The pathogen detection rate was 68.7%,with positive detection rate of 30.9%.CONCLUSION:The antibiotic use in our hospital was basically in line with the "Guiding Principles for Clinical Application of Antibacterials",however,some irrational phenomena could still be seen.
Potential Unintended Consequences Associated with Urban Fertilizer Bans in Florida—A Scientific Review

Degraded inland and coastal water quality is a critical statewide concern in Florida and other states. Nutrients released from land-based human activities are present in water bodies resulting in algal blooms and increased eutrophication that impairs water bodies for their intended uses. There are differing approaches to addressing eutrophication, including voluntary adoption of current best management practices (BMPs) for nutrients, state regulation, or local county or municipal ordinances. The local ordinance, some including a summer (or so-called ‘‘wet season’’) fertilizer ban or ‘‘blackout,’’ has been the chosen approach in some Florida counties and municipalities to address local water quality issues. Many components of these ordinances follow published BMPs, and there is agreement in the literature on the effectiveness of these practices for preventing nutrient losses from the landscape. However, there has been disagreement among stakeholders regarding the inclusion of a total fertilizer ban in a local ordinance. Regulators are asking about the best approach to controlling urban pollution and if banning fertilizer in the growing season would achieve the desired environmental protection and whether there are any potential unintended consequences associated with removing fertilizer from turfgrass growing in the summer months. The scientific literature documents the nature and scope of the water pollution problem, and numerous research reports have addressed fertilizer BMPs to prevent nutrient losses from the landscape. This article discusses the increased rate of eutrophication and reviews the pertinent national literature regarding managing urban landscape fertilization to protect water quality. Particular attention is given to fertilization practices during the active landscape plant (especially turfgrass) growth period that corresponds to the summer fertilizer bans in some Florida local ordinances. Therefore, special attention is paid to the question of what information is in the scientific literature and whether a fertilizer ban is the best way of achieving the goal of improving urban water quality. Research summarized in this review points to potential unintended consequences of increased nutrient losses from urban landscapes, particularly turfgrass, when proper, recommended fertilization and irrigation practices are not followed.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Primary Care Experiences in Patient-Centered Medical Homes among Veterans with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

BACKGROUND Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMH) may be effective in managing care for racial/ethnic minorities with mental health and/or substance use disorders (MHSUDs). How such patients experience care in PCMH settings is relatively unknown.
Association between alcohol screening and brief intervention during routine check-ups and alcohol consumption among adults living in California.

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption accounts for 1 in 10 deaths among U.S. adults and cost upwards of $200 billion each year due to productivity loss. Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (aSBIRT) was developed as a treatment approach for use in primary care to identify and reduce substance abuse. Although aSBIRT has proven to be successful, implementation rates remain low. Methods Using population level representative data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) conducted in California, this study utilizes logistic regression to analyze the association between self-reported drinking levels and screening and brief intervention practices during routine check-ups. Results The results demonstrated that the more an individual drank, the lower the odds of receiving aSBIRT during a routine check-up. Men had reduced odds of receiving intervention compared to women (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; confidence interval [CI], 1.68–2.90, p Conclusion Physicians perform alcohol screenings, but do not follow up the screening with intervention. Attention should be focused on delivering intervention to those identified as at risk for alcohol abuse through standard screening tools, specifically to men, diabetics, and lower income groups. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Redefining rurality: cosmopolitanism, whiteness, and the New Latino Diaspora

ABSTRACTIn mainstream discourse, rural generally implies white, while urban signifies not-white. However, what happens when ‘rural’ communities experience demographic change? This paper examines how students from a rural, New Latino Diaspora community in a Midwestern state complicate traditional notions of rurality. Data from participant observations and ethnographic interviews indicate that students from this near-majority-Latino community do not view it as rural even though its population is under 2500. Students allude to an alternative youth subculture influenced by incoming Latino students from cities in Mexico, Guatemala, and California. They contrast this with the more stereotypical subcultures they observe in neighboring, rural, majority-white communities. Demographically transitioning, rural schools present unique contexts for students to not only encounter their own privilege, but also to learn how to leverage that privilege to further the aims of social justice. However, this will not occur with...
Direct Determination and Multiplicity of Periodic States of Adsorption Cycles

Abstract This paper considers the direct determination of periodic states (cyclic steady states) of adsorption cycles. The stability of the periodic states can be assessed and solution spaces can be mapped out within the mathematical framework. A thermal swing adsorption cycle that exhibits multiplicity is used to demonstrate the application of the method.
Sex-Trafficked Survivors: The Relation Between Posttraumatic Growth and Quality of Life

ABSTRACTSex-trafficking experiences and the psychological traumas generated often inspire profound, behavioral-life changes, which are explored in this quantitative study. Correlations between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and quality of life (QOL) were investigated with (N = 109) females, ages 18–62 years old and sex trafficked as youth or adults in the United States. Recruitment occurred using random and snowball sampling from sexual-assault agencies in the United States. The PTG and QOL inventories were used to collect data and a Pearson’s r analysis was conducted to test the correlation between PTG and QOL. Results indicated a weak correlation r(.253) = .008, p < .01 between variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed Personal Strength (R2 = .067, p < .01, β = 0.259), Appreciation of Life (R2 = .067, p < .01, β = 0.258), and New Possibilities (R2 = .049, p < .05, β = 0.221) as the most significant PTG predictors of QOL. Pearson’s r analysis of the QOL life domains indicated that Creativity, r(.256) ...
Gastrointestinal Tract Stenting

Self-expandable enteral stent placement for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract has evolved significantly over the past decade. Improved stent flexibility and the availability of partially, fully and uncovered endoprostheses have allowed the placement of small diameter self-expanding stents with high rates of technical and clinical success. While the majority of enteral stent placement is performed to palliate malignant mechanical obstruction, the advancements in technique and device technology have created suitable alternative endoscopic options for benign conditions. At the present time, outcome data for those receiving enteral stents for malignant conditions supports this as a favorable alternative to more invasive therapeutic options. However, the outcome data for enteral stenting in benign conditions is complex and a direct correlate to the clinical challenges providers face when treating these conditions. This chapter focuses on the indications, techniques, up-to-date outcome data, and currently available technologies for stent placement in the esophagus, small intestine, and colon.