cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal-field Hamiltonian and anisotropy in KErSe 2 and CsErSe 2

We use neutron scattering and bulk property measurements to determine the single-ion crystal-field Hamiltonians of delafossites ${\mathrm{KErSe}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CsErSe}}_{2}$. These two systems contain planar equilateral triangular Er lattices arranged in two stacking variants: rhombohedral (for K) or hexagonal (Cs). Our analysis shows that regardless of the stacking order both compounds exhibit an easy-plane ground-state doublet with large ${J}_{z}=1/2$ terms and the potential for significant quantum effects, making them candidates for quantum-spin-liquid or other exotic ground states.
A Rare Pulmonary-Systemic Connection: Levoatriocardinal Vein

Levoatriocardinal vein is a rare persistent connection between pulmonary and systemic venous circulation that might result in bidirectional shunt and paradoxical embolism.
A nontrivial differential diagnosis in COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literary review of amiodarone induced interstitial pneumonia.

Amiodarone is a drug commonly used to treat and prevent cardiac arrhythmias, but it is often associated with several adverse effects, the most serious of which is pulmonary toxicity. A 79-year-old man presented with respiratory failure due to interstitial pneumonia during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The viral etiology was nevertheless excluded by repeated nasopharyngeal swabs and serological tests and the final diagnosis was amiodarone induced organizing pneumonia. The clinical and computed tomography findings improved after amiodarone interruption and steroid therapy. Even during a pandemic, differential diagnosis should always be considered and pulmonary toxicity has to be taken into account in any patient taking amiodarone and who has new respiratory symptoms.
Agro-industrial byproducts in rabbit food: Case of the complex of detoxified apricot kernel cake and dehydrated tomato pulp.

Background and Aim The use of agro-industrial byproducts as an unconventional source of raw materials for monogastric feed is one possible solution. This study aimed to determine the effects of incorporating detoxified apricot kernel meal (DAKM) as a substitute for soybean meal and dehydrated tomato pulp (DTP) as a substitute for alfalfa hay on the local rabbit fattening. Materials and Methods A total of 120 white strain rabbits, weaned at 33 days, were randomly assigned to four groups of 30. The rabbits in each group were ringed, placed in cages at 6 rabbits/cage, and fed according to DAKM and DTP incorporation rates (0%, 30%, 40%, and 60%). Results The weights at 77 days were improved (p<0.05) with unchanged mean daily intakes. The vast majority of slaughter parameters and carcass characteristics improved. The chemical composition of the meat constituents improved significantly, with a 60% increase in the protein content of the batch (26.55% vs. 28.53%), 38% reduction in the total feed cost, and 40 DA saved for each kilogram of feed consumed per rabbit. The relative economic efficiency improved in proportion to the substitution rates of soybean meal by DAKM and alfalfa hay by DTP. Conclusion Substituting DAKM and DTP, as byproducts of agro-industrial processing, for up to 60% induced satisfactory results in rabbit fattening. Therefore, it would be more insightful to increase the incorporation rates to determine the optimal threshold.
The Continuing Significance of Race: Official Legislative Racial Discrimination in Louisiana 1861 to 1974

This Article documents and analyzes official racial discrimination in legislation in Louisiana from the Civil War until the 1974 Louisiana Constitution. An earlier article chronicled the record of legislative racial discrimination in Louisiana from 1803 to 1865. Whites lost the Civil War, yet were quickly able to recapture power in Louisiana for most of the following century by systematically denying African Americans the right to vote and enacting a comprehensive legal system of white supremacy. One hundred twenty years after the Civil War ended, Louisiana laws finally, officially acknowledged equality. The journey of official laws has evolved from slavery to a brief few years of freedom, to decades of segregation, and, finally, to the modern, ongoing fight for civil rights. This is the story of that journey.
A Case of Ventricular Fibrillation in Asymptomatic COVID-19

In this report, we present a case of ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest in an asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with no cardiac history and normal cardiac workup. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 has been described previously in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe VF arrest in a patient who was incidentally found to have COVID-19.
Robust linear parameter-varying output-feedback control of permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper investigates the design of a robust linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller for speed regulation of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs). Motor dynamics is defined in t...
Housing and asthma disparities

The burden of asthma disproportionately affects minority and low-income communities, resulting in racial and socioeconomic disparities in asthma prevalence, asthma exacerbations, and asthma-related death. Social determinants of health are increasingly implicated as root causes of disparities, and healthy housing is perhaps the most critical social determinant in asthma health disparities. In many minority communities, poor housing conditions and value are a legacy of historical policies and practices imbued with structural racism, including redlining, displacement, and exclusionary zoning. As a result, poor-quality, substandard housing is a characteristic feature of many underrepresented minority communities. Consequently, structurally deficient housing stock cultivates home environments rife with indoor asthma triggers. In this review we consider the historical context of urban housing policies and practices and how these policies and practices have contributed to the substandard housing conditions for many minoritized children in the present day. We describe the impact of poor housing quality on asthma and interventions that have attempted to mitigate its influence on asthma symptoms and health care utilization. We discuss the need to promote asthma health equity by reinvesting in these neighborhoods and communities to provide healthy housing.
Partial Characterization of the Factor Responsible For Tryptophanless Death in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The decline in colony-forming ability observed during tryptophan starvation of Bacillus subtilis auxotrophs is a concentration-dependent phenomenon. It does not manifest itself when the initial cell concentration is 106 cells/ml or lower. This property has been used to test the killing activity of different fractions of the dying cells. Most of the activity recovered is found in the supernatant fluid of the starved culture. Sensitive and resistant strains can be identified. Active supernatant fluids can only be isolated from tryptophan auxotrophs sensitive to tryptophanless death. Resistant cells neither produce nor respond to the factor, and sensitive cells respond only when deprived of tryptophan. The killing activity is continuously produced and released into the medium at least up to 4 hr after removal of tryptophan from the culture. The killing activity is deoxyribonuclease-, ribonuclease-, and heat-resistant.
Genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network in Staphylococcus aureus N315: an initial draft to the two-dimensional annotation.

Several strains of bacteria have sequenced and annotated genomes, which have been used in conjunction with biochemical and physiological data to reconstruct genome-scale metabolic networks. Such reconstruction amounts to a two-dimensional annotation of the genome. These networks have been analyzed with a constraint-based formalism and a variety of biologically meaningful results have emerged. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that has evolved resistance to many antibiotics, representing a significant health care concern. We present the first manually curated elementally and charge balanced genome-scale reconstruction and model of S. aureus' metabolic networks and compute some of its properties. We reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic network of S. aureus strain N315. This reconstruction, termed i SB619, consists of 619 genes that catalyze 640 metabolic reactions. For 91% of the reactions, open reading frames are explicitly linked to proteins and to the reaction. All but three of the metabolic reactions are both charge and elementally balanced. The reaction list is the most complete to date for this pathogen. When the capabilities of the reconstructed network were analyzed in the context of maximal growth, we formed hypotheses regarding growth requirements, the efficiency of growth on different carbon sources, and potential drug targets. These hypotheses can be tested experimentally and the data gathered can be used to improve subsequent versions of the reconstruction. iSB619 represents comprehensive biochemically and genetically structured information about the metabolism of S. aureus to date. The reconstructed metabolic network can be used to predict cellular phenotypes and thus advance our understanding of a troublesome pathogen.
Eyewitness Lineups: Identification from

Mistaken eyewitness identification is the primary cause of the conviction of innocent people. Psychological scientists have accumulated considerable knowledge of the factors contributing to mistaken identification. Particular interest has been directed at police lineups. Lineups are sometimes in-person (live lineups) but much more commonly are photographic lineups, composed of six to eight photos. Errors can occur with surprising frequency when the culprit is not in the lineup. The dominant explanation for this problem is that people tend to select the person who looks most like their memory of the culprit, even if none of the lineup members is the actual culprit. Hence, psychological scientists have made numerous recommendations such as warning eyewitnesses that the culprit might not be in the lineup, using lineup fillers who all fit the description of the culprit, and not conducting a lineup until there is reasonable evidence against the suspect. In addition, research shows that eyewitnesses will develop a false sense of certainty about their identification if the lineup administrator shows approval of their choice. Hence, psychological scientists recommend that lineups be conducted using double-blind procedures and that a statement of witness certainty be collected immediately following any identification. Keywords: eyewitness memory; lineups; eyewitness identification; mistaken identification; eyewitness confidence; eyewitness certainty
Comparing Data Treatments on Item-Level Nonresponse and Their Effects on Data Analysis of Large-Scale Assessments: 2009 PISA Study

One major issue with large-scale assessments is that the respondents might give no responses to many items, resulting in less accurate estimations of both assessed abilities and item parameters. This report studies how the types of items affect the item-level nonresponse rates and how different methods of treating item-level nonresponses have an effect on item calibration and scoring.
Anti-Imperialism: Generating Universal Human Rights out of Local Norms

To counter possibilities for human rights as cultural imperialism, (1) I develop a notion of human rights as culturally particular and valid only locally. But they are an increasingly generalizable particularism. (2) Because the incommensu- rability of different cultures does not entail an uncritical tolerance of just about anything, but rather allows for an objectivating stance toward other communities or cultures, locally valid human rights have a critical capacity. (3) Locally valid human rights promote a community's self-representation and thus allow for diversity, rejecting the coercive (mis)representation of a community or culture as incapable of representing itself. Can the discipline of anthropology avoid "cultural imperialism," under- stood as one belief-system's coercive imposition on another? After all, anthropologists call attention to practices, most often in non-Western communities, regarded as unjust by many observers. Even if unintention- ally, some anthropological studies implicitly invite criticism by outsiders intent on protecting those whom they view as victims. By "presenting the
Radioiodine Scintigraphy with SPECT/CT: An Important Diagnostic Tool for Thyroid Cancer Staging and Risk Stratification

Staging and risk stratification predicate the postoperative management of thyroid cancer patients, determining not only the need for 131I therapy or alternative options (conservative management without ablation, surgical reintervention, or external-beam radiation therapy) but also the long-term follow-up strategy. This paper presents the progress made in the field of thyroid cancer imaging by application of SPECT/CT technology to radioiodine scintigraphy in both diagnostic and post-therapy settings and reviews the impact of fusion radioiodine imaging on staging, risk stratification, and clinical management of patients with thyroid cancer. In addition, this paper addresses the role of preablation radioiodine imaging and provides nuclear medicine physicians with the background knowledge required for integrating information from fusion imaging into the clinical and histopathologic risk stratification for developing an individualized treatment plan for patients with thyroid cancer.
Conversation and Psychotherapy: How Questioning Reveals Institutional Answers

By analyzing session exchanges and questionnaires administered to family therapy clients, this article examines questioning as conversational practice grounded in institutional goals that are thera...
The density of Red Sea brines

Millero, F.J., Mucci, A., Zullig, J. and Chetirkin, P., 1982. The density of Red Sea brines. Mar. Chem., 11: 463--475. The densities of artificial and real Red Sea brines have been measured at 25°C with a vibrating tube densimeter. Measurements were also made on mixtures of Red Sea brines with seawater and pure water. The results have been used to characterize the densitycomposition relations of waters across the interface of brine and average Red Sea waters. The results for the real and artificial brines are in reasonable agreement. The composition of the brines and mixtures with seawater have been characterized by conductivity measurements of weight diluted samples. The conductivity salinities were found to be conservative to within +0.07% for the mixtures. The densities of brines and mixtures of brines and seawater were estimated from apparent molal volume data using Young's rule. The calculated densities for all of the solutions were found to be in good agreement with the measured values, demonstrating the applicability of Young's rule to concentrated natural waters.
Organochlorine and mercury residues in wild mink and otter: Comparison with fish

Organochlorine and mercury levels in wild mink (Mustela vison) and otter (Lutra canadensis) from eight areas of New York State were measured in adipose and liver tissues. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, quantified as Aroclor 1254/1260 and p,p'-DDE, were detected in all animals. Significantly greater concentrations of organochlorines in both species were associated with habitat known to be contaminated with PCB (Hudson Valley and within 5 mi of Lake Ontario). Wet-weight PCB concentrations in adipose tissue of mink and otter from the more contaminated areas ranged as high as 67 and 114 μg/g, respectively. PCB levels in wild mink are similar to those that caused reproductive problems in other controlled feeding studies. Mercury concentrations in liver tissue were similar in both species (mean, 2.2 and 1.8 μg/g wet weight in mink and otter, respectively). Comparisons of the mink and otter body burdens with data for fish from New York's statewide Toxic Substance Monitoring Program were made. To test the hypothesis that organochlorine contaminant concentrations in mink and otter are related to environmental levels, collection locations of fish were paired with those of mink or otter on the basis of the size of the home range of the respective mammal. Correlations between fish and both mammalian species were significant for PCB and p,p'-DDE when fish and mustelid collection stations were between 10 and 20 km apart. Correlations for mercury in fish and mustelids were significant only on the basis of major watershed.
New technique for efficient pattern computation of aperture and reflector antennas

A new and efficient technique for computing secondary patterns of antennas with known aperture distributions is described. The method is extendable to parabolic reflector antennas with given surface current distribution. The fast Fourier transform (f.f.t.) algorithm is used to compute the coefficients of expansion of a series representing the radiation pattern.
Estimating the Sun's radiative output during the Maunder Minimum

The coincidence between the Maunder Minimum of solar magnetic activity from 1645 to 1715 and the coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age raises the question of possible solar forcing of the Earth's climate. Using a correlation which we find between measured total solar irradiance (corrected for sunspot effects) and a Ca II surrogate for bright magnetic features, we estimate the Sun's radiative output in the absence of such features to be 1365.43 w/m2, or 0.15% below its mean value of 1367.54 W/m2 measured during the period 1980 to 1986 by the ACRIM experiment. Observations of extant solar-type stars suggest that the Ca II surrogate vas darker during the Maunder Minimum. Allowing for this, we estimate the total solar irradiance to be 1364.28 W/m2 or 0.24% below its mean value for the 1980 to 1986 period. The decrease in the global equilibrium temperature of the Earth due to a decrease of 0.24% in total solar irradiance lies in the range from 0.2° C to 0.6° C, which can be compared with the approximately 1° C cooling experienced during the Little Ice Age, relative to the present.
A comparison of stapled and hand-sewn colonic anastomoses.

Critical experimental evaluation of the stapled anastomosis indicates that it is not as secure as the inverted one-layer anastomosis. The clinical application of this observation may be that the everted stapling method should not be used in an extraperitoneal anastomosis or in the presence of adverse conditions such as infection, radiation enteritis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Synucleins: are they two-edged swords?

The synuclein family consists of three distinct highlyhomologous genes, a-synuclein, b-synuclein, and g-synuclein, which have so far been found only in verte-brates. Proteins encoded by these genes are character-ized by an acidic C-terminal region and ﬁve or six imper-fect repeat motifs (KTKEGV) distributed throughout thehighly conserved N-terminal region. Numerous datademonstrate that synucleins are implicated in twogroups of the most devastating human disorders, i.e.,neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and cancer. Muta-tions in the a-synuclein gene are associated with familialforms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and accumulation ofa-synuclein inclusions is a hallmark of this disorder. Inbreast cancer, increased expression of g-synuclein cor-relates with disease progression. Conversely, someresults indicate that the members of the synuclein familymay have a protective effect. How might these small pro-teins combine such controversial properties? We presentevidence that synuclein’s features are basically regulatedby two mechanisms, i.e., posttranslational modiﬁcations(PTMs) and the level of their expression. We also discussa new, emerging area of investigation of synucleins,namely, their role in the cell-to-cell propagation ofpathology.
Gefitinib plus docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer.

1 report the non-inferior survival conferred by gefi tinib compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Copy numbers of the EGFR gene, EGFR immunohistochemistry, and K-RAS and EGFR mutations were assessed as biomarkers in 453 patients. None of the biomarkers predicted diff erential overall survival between gefi tinib and docetaxel. 1
Antisense modulation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase expression produces neural tube defects in mouse embryos

The role of folate metabolism in producing neural tube defects (NTDs) in humans is unknown. In the current study, antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide technology was utilized to disrupt normal expression of the gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in organogenesis-stage mouse embryos. Two different antisense probes were microinjected into the amniotic sac of gestation day (GD) 8 mouse embryos with PBS or scrambled sense oligodeoxyribonucleotides injected into control embryos. Concentration-dependent increases in the frequencies of embryos with NTDs were observed for both antisense sequences. The level of mRNA for MTHFR was decreased in embryos treated with the higher concentration of one antisense sequence, indicating that the sequence is able to decrease gene expression. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the product of the MTHFR reaction, was able to decrease the incidence of antisense-induced NTDs, but co-injection with L-methionine did not. These results suggest that reduced expression of MTHFR may play a role in producing NTDs.
The recognition and early management of critical illness.

INTRODUCTION: Critical illness is an emergency because the inflammatory response has redundant multiple pathways; once triggered, it is difficult to control or suppress. Infection is a potent precursor of critical illness and increasing organ dysfunction has a synergistic, rather than purely additive, adverse effect on mortality. The longer the inflammatory process continues unabated, the more advanced and unrecoverable the pathophysiological processes become resulting in a high mortality. METHODS: The review is a statement of the author's opinion supported by selected references. The content of the review was presented as the Tutor Edwards Lecture at The Royal College of Surgeons of England in December 2004. RESULTS: Critical illness is preceded by prodromal signs warning of impending physiological catastrophe. These simple physiological signs, the most sensitive of which is the respiratory rate can be quantified using Early Warning Scores. If patients trigger the Early Warning Score, emergency management is required to reverse the abnormal physiological decline or to prompt admission to a critical care area. The emergency management principles include removal or reversal of the cause so shutting down the inflammatory response, appropriate antibiotic therapy and general organ support. CONCLUSIONS: Formalising measurement of physiological (in)stability on the general ward using Early Warning Scores improves recognition of unstable and potentially critically ill patients. Prompt intervention will either reverse further physiological decline or facilitate timely referral to the critical care service for further, more invasive, organ support.
Detecting VLIW Hard Errors Cost-Effectively through a Software-Based Approach

Research indicates that as technology scales, hard errors such as wear-out errors are increasingly becoming a critical challenge for microprocessor design. While hard errors in memory structures can be efficiently detected by error correction code, detecting hard errors for functional units cost-effectively is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose to exploit the idle cycles of the under-utilized VLIW functional units to run test instructions for detecting wear-out errors without increasing the hardware cost or significantly impacting performance. We also explore the design space of this software-based approach to balance the error detection latency and the performance for VLIW architectures. Our experimental results indicate that such a software-based approach can effectively detect hard errors with minimum impact on performance for VLIW processors, which is particularly useful for reliable embedded applications with cost constraints.
Sensitivity and dynamic range of a wideband RF analyzer based on parametric multicasting

Sensitivity and dynamic range data is presented for a wideband staring RF spectrum analyzer based on parametric multicasting and spectral slicing with a periodic optical filter.
Merit, fit, and basic desert

Basic desert is central to the dispute between compatibilists and incompatibilists over the four-case manipulation argument. I argue that there are two distinct ways of understanding the desert salient to moral responsibility; moral desert can be understood as a claim about fitting responses to an agent or as a claim about the merit of the agent. Failing to recognize this distinction has contributed to a stalemate between both sides. I suggest that recognizing these distinct approaches to moral desert will help clarify a central source of disagreement between compatibilists and incompatibilists and assist both sides in resolving the current stalemate.
Subroutines for Computing Exact CHI-Square and Fisher's Exact Probability Tests:

Algorithms for the exact chi-square test and the Fisher exact probability test are presented. One- and two-tailed probability values for each test are computed recursively. The use of an arbitrary ...
ZnO microtube ultraviolet detectors

Abstract ZnO stands a good chance of being a candidate material for solar-blind UV detection because of its direct band-gap of 3.37 eV and high photoresponse. In this work, we present the UV photodetection properties of ZnO single crystal microtubes synthesized using a microwave-heating growth method. The ZnO microtubes exhibited relatively fast UV photoresponse with a cut-off wavelength ∼370 nm, indicating their potential application as UV detectors with high efficiency and low cost.
Biochemical Genetics of Largemouth Bass in Mesosaline and Freshwater Areas of the Alabama River System

Abstract A putative stock of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, characterized by small adult size and large condition factors, exists in the Mobile Bay or delta region of the Alabama River system. High salinity often occurs in this area of the river. Populations from the delta (mesosaline), Tombigbee River (fresh water), and Alabama River (fresh water), all in the Alabama River system, were electrophoretically compared to one another and to populations from other watersheds in Alabama. Largemouth bass from the Alabama River system were genetically distinct from those of other watersheds. Minimal allele-frequency differences were observed among delta, Tombigbee, and Alabama populations. Observed allele frequencies of delta and Tombigbee fish were more similar to each other than to those of Alabama River fish. Mean heterozygosity was 0.027, 0.019, and 0.004 for delta, Tombigbee, and Alabama River populations, respectively. Delta largemouth bass had a different (P = 0.05) allele frequency from Tombigbee ...
THE LOGIC OF QUANTA

THERE are many roads that lead to quantum theory,' and the easiest avenue of approach has yet to be determined. The motive for the introduction of the quantum hypothesis was the paradox of energy equipartition of classical mechanics according to which the average thermal energy of particles has a common value, 3kT, at temperature T, no matter whether the particles are loosely or tightly bound. This would imply, however, an abrupt decrease, from 3kT to zero, when a very tightly bound particle becomes entirely fixed. Experience shows that the thermal energy of a particle is a continuous function of the tightness of its bond, that is, of its vibration frequency v. This continuity of the average thermal energy as a function of v can be ascribed, according to Max Planck, to quantised individual energy values, E = O or E hv or multiples thereof. The search for a justification of this strange quantum hypothesis gave rise to a thorough re-examination of classical statistical mechanics during the first decade of this century in the hope of escaping from the paradox of energy discontinuity. When all efforts in this direction failed, physicists became resigned to Planck's oscillator rule and later also to Niels Bohr's orbital quantum rules as fundamental-as irreducible to anything more simple and plausible. The same attitude prevails today toward the modemrn quantum prescriptions of Born, Heisenberg, and Schrddinger, namely, (i) the general matrix formalism which is equivalent to the superposition principle of wave mechanics, and (ii) the Born commutation rule, qp pq = h/2i, which is equivalent to the Schrddinger operator rule, p = (h/2iw)d/dq. The Schr6dinger wave equation is a combination of (i) and (ii). But just because it is a close-knit combination of heterogeneous elements it has puzzled many of those trying to analyse what the physicists are doing. We therefore prefer to follow Dirac 2 in making a sharp distinction between (a) the general metric of the
The effect of peptides and monoclonal antibodies that bind to platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex on the development of clot tension

The development of tension in platelet-rich clots is a manifestation of fibrin polymer binding to platelets as well as platelet contractile activity. Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)-containing peptides of fibrinogen alpha-chain and gamma-400-411 of fibrinogen gamma chain increased clot tension considerably, especially when it developed under isometric conditions. Morphometry revealed increased confluence of oriented fibrin and platelet aggregates. Monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex had varying effects on clot tension development. Monoclonal antibodies A2A9 and 7E3 inhibited clot tension while T10 and 10E5 increased it. Since neither peptides nor antibodies affected the platelet actomyosin ATPase activity, their effect on tension must reflect the interaction between platelets and polymerizing fibrin. We conclude that gamma-400-411 and RGD-peptides increase platelet-polymerizing fibrin interaction. This suggests that clot tension requires a platelet receptor for polymerizing fibrin, which is different from the fibrinogen receptor domain required for aggregation. The results with the monoclonal antibodies support this hypothesis.
Regularity of solutions to maxwell's system in quasi-stationary

(1997). Regularity of solutions to maxwell's system in quasi-stationary. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 22, No. 7-8, pp. 57-64.
Pietro Aretino, religious writer

Although Pietro Aretino's vernacular biblical paraphrases and saints’ lives were popular and greatly admired in the sixteenth century, modern scholarship often has dismissed them as commercial potboilers. This study presents the case that Aretino was a serious reformer in religion and possibly a Nicodemite. It traces his long relationship with Antonio Brucioli, who was an important conduit of Protestant writings and whose reformist Bible translation enabled Aretino's paraphrases. Relying on their letters, it examines Aretino's friendship with Pier Paolo Vergerio and his attraction to Bernardino Ochino, both of whom became apostates, and his reaction to the arrest of his confessor for having Lutheran sympathies. Aretino's biblical paraphrases were esteemed in Italian reformist circles and translated into French by a prior attached to Marguerite of Navarre's court. In England Sir Thomas Wyatt based his Lutheran Penitential Psalms on Aretino's I sette Salmi.
Phase Equilibria for Systems Containing Hydrocarbons, Water, and Salt: An Extended Peng−Robinson Equation of State

The empirical success of the Peng−Robinson equation of state (PREOS) is unmatched; there is no other simple equation of state of the van der Waals form that has shown such wide and reliable applicability to the calculation of vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) for systems containing light hydrocarbons, permanent gases, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. PREOS is one of the great success stories of applied chemical engineering thermodynamics. However, PREOS also has limitations; two of these are addressed here. Theoretically based extensions are presented, first, for including water and aqueous hydrocarbon mixtures and, second, for including salt in water and in aqueous hydrocarbon mixtures. Illustrative examples show that these extensions are successful for VLE (where L refers to a hydrocarbon liquid dilute in water) and for VLE (where L refers to saline water). Because the extension to include water, based on SAFT (statistical association fluid theory), cannot properly take into account the well-documented...
Evaluation of the Homework Problem Checklist with Students with Learning Disabilities.

With an increased emphasis on the evaluation and accountability of educational programs, it appears that education professionals need to identify reliable and valid assessment instruments to measure intervention outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the Homework Problem Checklist (HPC) (Anesko, Schoiock, Ramirez, & Levine, 1987) with learning disabled students. Sixty-five pairs of teachers and parents of elementary and secondary school learning disabled students completed the HPC. The HPC demonstrated moderate to high levels of interrater reliability. Acceptable levels of internal consistency were reported for both teacher and parent ratings. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by intestinal inflammation of unknown etiology. Two distinct disorders, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have been identified. Three theories of IBD etiology are currently under consideration: 1) reaction to a persistent intestinal infection, 2) existence of a defective mucosal barrier to luminal antigens, and 3) a dysregulated host immune response to ubiquitous antigens. In each of these theories, either pathogenic or resident luminal bacteria constantly stimulate the mucosal and systemic immune systems to perpetuate the inflammatory cascade. Chronicity of inflammation results from an interaction of the persistent stimulus of microbial antigens with genetically determined host susceptibility factors that determine the individual's immune response or mucosal barrier function. The pathogenesis of IBD involves a series of steps, beginning with the breach of the intestinal mucosal barrier by infectious agents or toxins. The defective barrier exposes lamina propria immune cells to the continual presence of resident luminal bacteria, bacterial products, or dietary antigens, which perpetuates the inflammatory cascade. Many immunoregulatory abnormalities are noted in IBD, including the ratio of proinflammatory to immunosuppressive cytokines, selective activation of T H lymphocyte subsets, and abnormalities in epithelial antigen presentation. When activated during the initial inflammatory process, macrophages and T lymphocytes secrete a host of cytokines, which recruit other inflammatory cell types, thereby continuing the process. Tissue injury is the net result of the soluble products of the activated inflammatory cells. Knowledge of the pathogenesis in IBD suggests that the ultimate goals of therapy should be to block the proinflammatory mediators toward the proximal, rather than the distal, end of the cascade, to decrease the constant antigenic drive of luminal bacteria, and to correct the dysregulated immune response.
Internal limiting membrane peeling using triamcinolone acetonide: histopathologic confirmation.

Purpose To report histopathologic confirmation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) using triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Design Interventional case report. Methods One eye of one patient who underwent macular hole repair using TA suspension to help visualize the internal limiting membrane (ILM). The specimen was sent to pathology. Results Triamcinolone acetonide greatly improved the visualization of the ILM; the peeled area was seen as an area lacking white specks. The macular hole closed with an improvement in vision. No adverse effects were observed during the follow-up period. The specimen was identified as ILM by histopathologic examination. Conclusion Peeling of the ILM is facilitated by the use of TA. Microscopic confirmation of ILM was made.
Beneath the mask: Examining the relationship of self-presentation attributes and impression management to charismatic leadership.

Abstract We tested several hypotheses derived from Gardner and Avolio's [Acad. Manage. Rev. 23 (1998) 32.] self-presentational theory of charismatic leadership. We collected multisource field data in an information technology (IT) consulting firm and examined linkages among managers' self-system attributes (i.e., desired charismatic identity, self-monitoring), pro-social and self-serving impression management of managers, charismatic leadership of managers, and two measures of performance. Eighty-three managers provided self-reports of self-system attributes. Six months later, 249 subordinates rated the focal managers' impression management and charismatic leadership styles. Superiors of the focal managers provided performance ratings 7 months after collecting the subordinate ratings. Results indicated that complexity of desired charismatic identity was positively related to self-monitoring. Self-monitoring was negatively related to ratings of pro-social impression management and positively related to ratings of self-serving impression management. Pro-social impression management related positively to charismatic leadership, which predicted managerial and unit performance.
A Soluble Gauge Model with Gribov-Type Copies

Abstract A soluble gauge model is presented which can exhibit the typical characteristics of Gribov's gauge-equivalent copies that exist in the Coulomb gauge of QCD. From the explicit solutions of the model, we show that correct results can be obtained by including all such copies, both in the Hamiltonian approach using Schrodinger wave functions and in the path-integration formalism using Feynman rules. This leads to an alternative proposal on how to resolve the complications of gauge-equivalent copies different from the one suggested by Gribov.
Who Gets What and Why: Determinants of Social Allocations

Four experiments were conducted to explore how people allocate social resources between meritorious and needy parties. As predicted, participants with high social dominance orientation (SDO), who prefer hierarchical relationships in society, favored meritorious parties. In contrast, participants with low SDO, who value social equality, favored needy parties. Participants appealed to merit- or need-based ideologies to justify their allocations. Apparently, the notion of fairness denotes merit-based reasoning to people with high SDO, whereas it denotes need-based reasoning for those with low SDO. Among the participants, merit- and need-based ideologies were not simply post hoc rationalizations, but rather mediated the allocation decisions. Implications for the study of ideology and for theories of distributive justice are discussed.
Clinical experience with Alloderm: A one-staged composite dermal/epidermal replacement utilizing processed cadaver dermis and thin autografts

Abstract Alloderm has been advocated for the management of acute burns. However, few studies have demonstrated the feasibility of this technique. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients treated in our burn center who received Alloderm since 1999. Results Alloderm was used in 21 burn patients and 6 patients with traumatic skin loss. The average size of Alloderm used in the burn patients was 517 ± 144 cm 2 (range 24–3000 cm 2 ). The average Alloderm thickness used was 0.008 in. and autografts were harvested at an average of 0.007 in. Overall, Alloderm was used in a variety of locations including the face in 3 patients (2 burns, 1 traumatic skin loss) and hands in 7 patients (6 burns, 1 traumatic skin loss). Successful take was observed in 26/27 patients. Conclusions Alloderm can be used successfully in patients with acute burns requiring grafting.
Tailoring a 67 attosecond pulse through advantageous phase-mismatch.

A single isolated attosecond pulse of 67 as was composed from an extreme UV supercontinuum covering 55–130 eV generated by the double optical gating technique. Phase mismatch was used to exclude the single-atom cutoff of the spectrum that possesses unfavorable attochirp, allowing the positive attochirp of the remaining spectrum to be compensated by the negative dispersion of a zirconium foil. Two algorithms, PROOF and FROG-CRAB, were employed to retrieve the pulse from the experimental spectrogram, yielding nearly identical results.
Thermal state of the lithosphere

Thermal aspects of geological processes play a central role in tectonophysics. The thermal state of the lithosphere also has a bearing on studies in other earth science disciplines such as seismology, petrology, geochemistry and volcanology. In this report we attempt to emphasize these interrelationships, within a framework of plate tectonic and other geodynamic processes. This review first addresses thermal processes at plate margins, including processes at spreading ridges and rifts, transform faults, and plate convergence zones. Thermal processes in plate interiors are discussed next; this encompasses largely epeirogenic vertical movements that result in basin formation arid plateau uplift, and in thermal rejuvenation by hot spots. Finally, the thermal state and evolution of both oceanic and continental lithosphere is followed for different periods in earth history. Heat flow observations are described in terms of the constraints they provide for the respective large scale thermal processes.
Reliability of Ceramic Components

As we enter the 4th decade of use, ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty remains a viable bearing surface for young and active patients requiring hip replacement. Improvements in manufacturing and component design have continually improved reliability and safety of these implants. Furthermore, the latest iteration of ceramics, which allows for larger head diameters and more head and liner combinations, has further leveled the playing field when it comes to hard-on-hard bearing surfaces. Finally, with recent reports of early failures and unexplained idiosyncratic reactions in patients with metal-on-metal arthroplasty, we suggest that surgeons faced with young and active patients should consider ceramics, with its excellent wear characteristics and biocompatibility, as the only safe hard-on-hard bearing surface suitable for implantation.
Less impairment in face imagery than face perception in early prosopagnosia

Abstract There have been a number of reports of preserved face imagery in prosopagnosia. We put this issue to experimental test by comparing the performance of MJH, a 34-year-old prosopagnosic since the age of 5, to controls on tasks where the participants had to judge faces of current celebrities, either in terms of overall similarity (Of Bette Midler, Hillary Clinton, and Diane Sawyer, whose face looks least like the other two?) or on individual features (Is Ronald Reagan’s nose pointy?). For each task, a performance measure reflecting the degree of agreement of each participant with the average of the others (not including MJH) was calculated. On the imagery versions of these tasks, MJH was within the lower range of the controls for the agreement measure (though significantly below the mean of the controls). When the same tasks were performed from pictures, agreement among the controls markedly increased whereas MJH’s performance was virtually unaffected, placing him well below the range of the controls. This pattern was also apparent with a test of facial features of emotion (Are the eyes wrinkled when someone is surprised?). On three non-face imagery tasks assessing color (What color is a football?), relative lengths of animal’s tails (Is a bear’s tail long in proportion to its body?), and mental size comparisons (What is bigger, a camel or a zebra?), MJH was within or close to the lower end of the normal range. As most of the celebrities became famous after the onset of MJH’s prosopagnosia, our confirmation of the reports of less impaired face imagery in some prosopagnosics cannot be attributed to pre-lesion storage. We speculate that face recognition, in contrast to object recognition, relies more heavily on a representation that descibes the initial spatial filter values so the metrics of the facial surface can be specified. If prosopagnosia is regarded as a form of simultanagnosia in which some of these filter values cannot be registered on any one encounter with a face, then multiple opportunities for repeated storage may partially compensate for the degraded representation on that single encounter. Imagery may allow access to this more complete representation.
Effects of organic surface films on evaporation and thermal structure of water in free and forced convection

Abstract Surface-active, film-forming compounds of the type which reduce evaporation (1-heptadecanol) and compounds which are not expected to affect evaporation (oleyl alcohol) were introduced on the surface of a 50 cm deep tank of water. Changes in heat flux and near-surface temperature structure were measured in 20°C and 28°C water with room temperature of 22°C and 30% relative humidity. Comparison with an earlier study by Jarvis indicates that the turbulence and surface renewal associated with deep water convection are important in mitigating the effects of surface-active compounds. A weak air flow (1 m s−1)over the open tank resulted in dramatic changes in the frequency and amplitude of temperature fluctuations below the interface.
Robust coaxial capillary microfluidic device for the high throughput formation of polymersomes

A microfluidic device incorporating three coaxial capillaries set in a single block of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for the rapid formation of monodisperse double emulsions and polymersomes is described. The device utilizes easily interchangeable, coaxial capillaries whose geometry is maintained by a single UHMWPE block. Water-in-oil droplet formation using the device is characterized by measuring the diameter of the drops produced as a function of varying Reynolds, Weber, and capillary numbers. These parameters are used to characterize the dripping to jetting transition across a range of channel sizes. Double emulsions incorporating solutions of amphiphilic block copolymers are then processed to form large numbers of monodisperse polymersomes in an effective and controlled manner.