cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
G-CSF Stimulates Jak2-Dependent Gab2 Phosphorylation Leading to Erk1/2 Activation and Cell Proliferation

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the major cytokine regulator of neutrophilic granulopoiesis, stimulates both the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid precursors. A variety of signaling proteins have been identified as mediators of G-CSF signaling, but understanding of their specific interactions and organization into signaling pathways for particular cellular effects is incomplete. The present study examined the role of the scaffolding protein Grb2-associated binding protein-2 (Gab2) in G-CSF signaling. We found that a chemical inhibitor of Janus kinases inhibited G-CSF-stimulated Gab2 phosphorylation. Transfection with Jak2 antisense and dominant negative constructs also inhibited Gab2 phosphorylation in response to G-CSF. In addition, G-CSF enhanced the association of Jak2 with Gab2. In vitro, activated Jak2 directly phosphorylated specific Gab2 tyrosine residues. Mutagenesis studies revealed that Gab2 tyrosine 643 (Y643) was a major target of Jak2 in vitro, and a key residue for Jak2-dependent phosphorylation in intact cells. Mutation of Gab2 Y643 inhibited G-CSF-stimulated Erk1/2 activation and Shp2 binding to Gab2. Loss of Y643 also inhibited Gab2-mediated G-CSF-stimulated cell proliferation. Together, these results identify a novel signaling pathway involving Jak2-dependent Gab2 phosphorylation leading to Erk1/2 activation and cell proliferation in response to G-CSF.
Petrogenesis of spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite suite xenoliths from the Koolau shield, Oahu, Hawaii: Implications for petrology of the post-eruptive lithosphere beneath Oahu

Three major types of xenoliths, namely, dunite, spinel lherzolite, and pyroxenite suites, occur. The spinel lherzolite suite [ol: Fo86–92] is more refractory than the pyroxenite suite [Fo71–85], and is composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, Cr-diopside, and spinel. Spinel lherzolites represent metasomatically modified mantle residues that constitute the lithosphere underneath Oahu. Metasomatism has induced significant heterogeneity in terms of [Na]cpx in the spinel lherzolitic lithosphere: compared to other vents, Salt Lake xenoliths are anomalously high in [Na]cpx. The fluids responsible for such a process may have been released after crystallization of the hydrous phases in pyroxenite suite veins intrusive into the spinel lherzolites.
Arm Circumference as an Index of Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Six- to Eleven-Month Old Rural Tanzanian Children

The use of arm circumference (AC) as an inexpensive indicator of protein energy malnutrition has been largely confined to children 12-59 months old. In this age range AC has been shown to be relatively age-independent and highly correlated with traditional weight-for-age (W/A) indices. We analyzed AC for these 2 properties in this anthropometric survey of rural Tanzanian children 6-11 months (n=85) and 12-59 months (n=123) old. We compared W/A to NCHS 50th percentile standards and AC to Wolanski standards. AC cut-offs tested included a 13.5-cm mark for both age groups and 12.5 cm for those 6-11 months. The correlation between AC and W/A was 0.8214 in the 6-11-month group and 0.6771 for the 12-59-month age range. Using a W/A standard and a 13.5-cm cut off AC had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 57% in the 6-11 month group and respective values of 69 and 76% in the 12-59 month group. In those 6-11 months old sensitivity fell to 79% and specificity rose to 95% with a 12.5-cm cut off. In Wolanskis AC data AC increased 10% from 6-11 months (1.7%/month) and 8% from 12 to 59 months (0.17%/month). Thus despite the greater rate of AC increase in the 1st year of life the absolute increase is small enough that for the vulnerable 6-11-month age group in this region of Tanzania a 12.5-cm cut off identifies protein-energy malnutrition with high specificity and appropriate sensitivity to promote early intervention at the village level. (authors)
Do legal origins affect cross-country incarceration rates?

Abstract Prison populations vary tremendously across countries. This paper investigates the potential relationship between incarceration rates and legal origins in a large cross-section of countries. We argue that legal origins alter the relative costs associated with imprisonment as a means for social control. Using panel data from 2001 to 2011, we find countries with civil legal origins have lower prison populations. Our empirical results are highly robust after controlling for crime rates, criminal justice resources, economic factors, political institutions, and social factors. In addition, our results do not appear to be driven by the variation in criminalized activities. To explain these results, we conjecture that imprisonment is a lower cost mechanism for enforcing social order in common law countries. In civil law countries, bureaucratic infrastructures allow for methods such as day-fines, community service, seizure of property, and probation as more affordable alternatives to imprisonment.
Predicting multicomponent diffusivities for diffusion on surfaces and in molecular sieves with energy heterogeneity

A simple theory is derived for predicting multicomponent diffusion on solid surfaces and in molecular sieves with energetic heterogeneity. The energetic heterogeneity is represented by the uniform energy distribution and the equilibrium adsorption is assumed to follow the Langmuirian behavior. Multicomponent Fickian diffusivities can be predicted from pure-component Fickian diffusivities. The required information for the calculation includes the concentration-dependent pure-component diffusivities and the pure-component adsorption isotherms. The effects of the energetic heterogeneity can be significant, depending on the mutual direction of diffusion (co-diffusion or counter-diffusion), the initial and final surface coverages, and the relative diffusivities of the components. The effects of heterogeneity are stronger on the faster diffusing component. The effect of heterogeneity becomes stronger as the total surface coverage increases. The theory compares favorably with the available experimental data.
Mathematical modeling of the interactions between cellular programs in response to oncogene inactivation: Incorporation of both cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic (Immune mediated) effects

Some tumors' addiction to the over-expression of a single oncogene provides a weakness for a molecularly targeted therapy to exploit. A number of targeted therapy drugs (e.g., imatinib, erlotinib, etc.) produce dramatic tumor regression but are often eventually followed by tumor relapse. Understanding the complex interaction of mechanisms behind the tumor's overall response to oncogene inactivation is key to preventing tumor relapse. It is becoming clear that there is a general sequence of cellular responses and that the latter immune-mediated steps are key to eliminating residual disease. What is still unclear is exactly how these mechanisms work together to produce the overall tumor regression response. We have built a novel integrative computational model that includes the various cellular response mechanisms of tumors to oncogene inactivation. This consists of cell intrinsic programs (e.g., apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, dormancy) and immune-mediated cell extrinsic programs (e.g., senescence, inhibition of angiogenesis). Our model unifies these different response programs in order to allow for predictions of the time-course of events following oncogene inactivation and their impact on tumor burden. Eventually, we will use this model to make and validate predictions of the effect of various therapeutic strategies and interventions (e.g., adjunct chemotherapy, immune system modulation). These predictions will be validated in vivo using conditional expression transgenic mouse models of MYC-induced lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Integrating Dirichlet reputation into usage control

With new technology such as cloud computing emerging, parties communicate directly with each other to exchange files or execute transaction in a peer-to-peer fashion. Therefore, peers have to manage the risks involved in the collaboration when prior experience and knowledge about each other are imcomplete. The behaviors of a party are undertain and attributes of a party, requested objects, and context information are mutable. To address above changllenges, we integrate Dirichlet reputation into usage control to manage authentication and authorization in a collaborative enviornment. We added moving window mechanism to the Dirichlet reputation evaluation. Moving windows not only help to adjust our responsiveness of our system to changes in peers' behaviors, but also allow us to use different strategies to react to different group of peers. Our system offers a way to handle uncertainty and mutability by dynamically revoke granted privileges from a party due to low reputation or changed attributes and context information.
IsraPulp: The Israeli Popular Literature Collection at Arizona State University

Based on research literature, the article reviews the history of Hebrew popular literature since the 1930s, its connections with Yiddish Schund literature and its effects on the development of Modern Hebrew literature and Israeli identity, especially in light the New Hebrew ethos. The article features the research collection of Hebrew pulps at Arizona State Univeristy, demonstrates the significance of collecting popular materials in research libraries, and suggests possible new study directions. An appendix lists some of the materials available at the IsraPulp Collection.
Developing cardiac auscultation skills among physician trainees

Erica S. Spatz ⁎, Darlene LeFrancois , Robert J. Ostfeld c,d a Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiolovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA b Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA c Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA d Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Performance of a MEMS-based AO-OCT system

Adaptive optics (AO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are powerful imaging modalities that, when combined, can provide high-resolution, 3-D images of the retina. The AO-OCT system at UC Davis has been under development for 2 years and has demonstrated the utility of this technology for microscopic, volumetric, in vivo retinal imaging. The current system uses a bimorph deformable mirror (DM) made by AOptix Technologies, Inc. for low-order, high-stroke correction and a 140-actuator mirco-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) DM made by Boston Micromachines Corporation for high-order correction. We present our on-going characterization of AO system performance. The AO-OCT system typically has residual wavefront error of 100 nm rms. The correctable error in the system is dominated by low-order error that we believe is introduced by aliasing in the control loop. Careful characterization of the AO system will lead to improved performance and inform the design of future systems.
The logic of appearing

It is argued that statements about the ways in which objects appear entail the existence of appearances; in other words, ’A appears ϕ’ ('appears’ used phenomenologically) entails ‘(Ex) ϕx’. The argument turns on the proper analysis of comparative appearance statements, such as ’A feels warmer (to someone) than B’. Here A and B are not being compared directly with respect to the complex character of feeling warm. One is not, in other words, saying that A feels warm more than does B — an ambiguous statement. Instead, one is saying that A's feel or appearance, or way of feeling or appearing, is warmer than B's. And in making this statement one asserts the existence of appearances. This result is then extended to cover statements of the form ’A appears ϕ’. It is maintained that this generalized result serves to reinstate most of the traditional problems of perception.
Detecting Infection in Neonates: Promises and Challenges of a Salivary Approach

Premature newborns present unique challenges for the caregiver. Their clinical fragility and immature immune system places them at increased risk for bacterial and viral infections. Current clinical standard of care mandates invasive phlebotomy to assess an infant for an infection. However, serial blood draws can lead to blood transfusions and the infliction of noxious stimuli to this vulnerable population. Salivary screening for common neonatal morbidities, such as infections, could vastly improve the care for these infants and positively affect their long-term clinical outcomes. Recent technological advancements have improved our ability to detect thousands of proteins and/or microbes from a single salivary sample, making noninvasive assessment in neonates a possibility. This article reviews the clinical applications and challenges associated with integrating salivary analysis for infectious surveillance into the neonatal population.
Trajectories of quantized vortex rings near an orifice

Using the exact Wallraven calculation for the energy of a vortex ring coaxial with a thin orifice, I have calculated the exact low-temperature trajectories with background flow through the orifice and approximate trajectories when the temperature is finite and mutual friction is important. Closed-form approximations are given for the maximum ring expansion, ring lifetime, and range.
Selection and design of heuristic procedures for solving roll trim problems

This paper discusses the selection and design of heuristic procedures for solving one-dimensional roll trim problems. These are well-defined combinatorial problems which are too large to optimize. Five different roll trim problems from the paper and film industries are described along with the heuristic procedures that have been used successfully to improve the quality of the solutions generated. The paper concludes with some general guidelines for developing “industrial-grade” heuristic problem solving procedures.
Determining English Language Learners' Response to Intervention: Questions and Some Answers:

Using an extant database, we examined three grade 1 criteria for identifying response to intervention (RTI) in English language learners (ELLs): (a) set benchmark criteria with a standard score above 95 (37th %ile) on both decoding and comprehension measures and a raw score of 40 or more correct words per minute (CWPM) on oral reading fluency; (b) discrepancy benchmark criteria, with performance on these measures at or above the mean of not-at-risk peers; and (c) discrepancy slope criteria, with growth during grade 1 on these measures at or above the mean of not-at-risk peers. The sample consisted of 81 students (41 intervention, 40 comparison) who were bilingual (Spanish/English) and were part of a supplemental reading instruction study during first grade. The three grade 1 criteria were evaluated in relation to a set benchmark criteria in grade 2. Results indicated that approximately 80% of the students did not meet any criteria in either year, but that the discrepancy slope criteria in grade 1 were mos...
Abnormal connections in the supraspinal bladder control network in women with urge urinary incontinence

The regions of the supraspinal network that controls urinary bladder behavior are well known, but little is known about their interconnections. We tested the feasibility of using physiophysiological interaction to explore the effective connections of the network and to seek disease-related differences in connectivity. This was a secondary analysis of fMRI data obtained from women aged 26-85 years, 11 with urge urinary incontinence and 10 with normal bladder function. In each subject, fMRI BOLD images were obtained during a period with full bladder and strong bladder sensation (without detrusor overactivity) while repeatedly infusing and withdrawing a small amount of liquid in and out of the bladder. Regions of interest included right insula (RI) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), both consistently involved in bladder control. Other regions effectively connected to them were identified by significant correlation between their fMRI signal and the interaction RIxACG. Among normal subjects, many regions involved in bladder control were effectively connected with RI/ACG, including frontotemporal and sensorimotor cortex, forebrain, midbrain and pontine regions. The sign of the correlation with RIxACG was near-uniformly positive, perhaps suggesting mainly inhibitory connections. Among urge-incontinent subjects, the effective connectivity was shifted to a parieto-temporal complex, while the sign of the correlation was predominantly negative, perhaps consistent with excitation (recruitment) of accessory pathways in an attempt to maintain bladder control. Thus, physiophysiological interaction yields potentially important information about the connectivity of the bladder control network and its changes in disease.
Education: New teacher's pet: The computer: Microcomputers are being imaginatively introduced into liberal-arts curricula, thereby offering hitherto unavailable data and exercises

Great numbers of students are entering college unversed in mathematics, illiterate in English, and with limited backgrounds In science and a handful of other areas. These problems are well-documented. What is less evident is the way microcomputers are not only helping students offset these problems, but also are improving student learning in a variety of subjects, from business courses to poetry writing.
Sovereign Wealth Funds: Investment and Governance Practices

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are large, growing, and concentrated investment vehicles, with a current estimated value of U.S. $3 trillion. The combination of low transparency and government ownership has raised questions about political agendas, national security, and transfers of technology. In this article the authors report on the current status of SWFs in terms of investments, regulation, governance, and transparency of activities. They also review some recent studies on SWF investments and their impact on financial markets.
A study of the deuterium isotope effect in antioxidant activity

Variations of the isotope effect can be brought about by varying the antioxidant concentration, temperature, and the nature of the antioxidant. The antioxidant is thought to be susceptible to direct oxygen attack, which then would produce radicals capable of producing a kinetic chain. Ease of exchange of the labile hydrogen on the antioxidant for deuterium in the presence of an inert organic solvent and heavy water was demonstrated. A very simple procedure was developed for the preparation of deuterated antioxidants. The results support the hydrogen abstraction mechanism for antioxidant activity. (auth)
Erythrocyte enzyme activities and glutathione levels of the horse, cat, dog and man.

Abstract 1. 1. Activities of the enzymes required in coupling glucose metabolism to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and the levels of reduced glutathione were measured in the erythrocytes of the horse, cat, dog and man. Phosphofructokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and NADPH-diaphorase activities were also measured. 2. 2. Hexokinase activity was markedly lower in the dog and cat erythrocytes as compared to those of horse and man. 3. 3. Phosphofructokinase activity was lowest in the eryghrocytes of the cat. 4. 4. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in animal erythrocytes but 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity was lower than in human erythrocytes. 5. 5. Glutathione reductase activity was markedly lower in the horse and dog compared to the cat and man. 6. 6. Reduced glutathione levels were comparable in each species.
From the absolute to uncertainty [metrology]

The history of the electrical units since 1948 is reviewed. The change from the conventional methods of expressing accuracy through the uncertainty methods is followed. Included are some of the attitudes and practices as instruments and standards have become more precise. The development of metrological uncertainty is reviewed. The effects of international recommendations and standards are presented. The necessity of knowing not only the value but its uncertainty is expressed; the process of developing coordinated values for the fundamental physical constants is reviewed.
Response of Underwater Light Transmittance in the Rhode River Estuary to Changes in Water-Quality Parameters

A year-long study of incident and underwater light transmittance (400–800 nm) in the Rhode River, Maryland, a tidal tributary to Chesapeake Bay, indicated that light transmittance responded in both intensity and spectral quality to changes in the amount and type of dissolved and suspended materials in the water. At times of relatively clear water, transmittance was similar to that previously reported in the literature for coastal waters. With high concentrations of suspended and dissolved materials in the water, attenuation of irradiance was high in the upper part of the water column and different for the various wave bands, depending on the type of material present. At such times, attenuation was higher in the upper part of the water column under sunny, clear skies than on cloudy days. We believe this to be due to higher concentrations of pigments and suspended particles in the water on sunny days, increasing the scattering and adsorption. A second factor was a lower average cosine on cloudy days, decreasing the effect of scattering on the average path length per meter of depth. High attenuation coefficients in the middle of the spectrum are attributed to accessory pigments. Regression of the diffuse attenuation coefficient on eight water-quality parameters explained up to 93% of the variance in the attenuation coefficient. Chlorophylls a and c and mineral suspensates were the three most important variables for data taken under clear skies. In contrast, under cloudy skies, the three most important variables were different for different wavelengths. Models of irradiance attenuation in turbid estuarine waters require the use of more variables than models for open ocean waters.
A bond breaking model for secondary ion emission

In this paper we propose a bond breaking model for secondary ion emission during ion beam sputtering from partially ionic compounds such as oxides. The electronic interaction is assumed to be local and the charge transfer happens at the crossing of the neutral potential curve with the ionic potential curve, as the chemical bond between the sputtered atom and its neighbors is broken. The model uses the Landau-Zener curve crossing theory and correctly predicts the relation between the ionization probability P + and the ionization potential, and the dependence of P + on the emission energy and the isotopic mass. A comparison is made with the electron tunneling model which succesfully describes the secondary ion emission from metals. The common physical basis of these two models is discussed.
Appetite suppression caused by CCK is diet specific in VMH-lesioned rats

Intraperitoneal injections of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) failed to inhibit 5.5-h-fasted feeding of a high-fat diet in rats with electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Similar injections significantly reduced the intake of a high-fat diet in sham-lesioned controls. These results are consistent with Powley’s (1977) cephalic phase hypothesis (CPH) and are interpreted to mean that rats with electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, when given a highly palatable diet, demonstrate a prolonged cephalic reflex, which results in metabolic disturbances which may override the effect of CCK at the 40 U/kg dose.
Variation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient with Environmental Parameters

Abstract Experimentally determined coefficients of the sensible heat flux across the air-sea interface are shown to vary with both wind velocity and difference in temperatures between the sea surface and the 10-m elevation. A simple formula is proposed to associate the heat transfer coefficient with the product between the wind velocity and the temperature difference. The formula appears to be physically sound and also represents well all available data.
Dugin Eurasianism: a window on the minds of the Russian elite or an intellectual ploy?

This paper considers the views of Alexander Dugin, a leading proponent of Eurasianism in contemporary Russia. The point of his teaching is the preservation of the traditional social/cultural make-up of each civilization. He also believes that the Russian Slavs together with the minorities of the Russian Federation constitute a quasi-unity of Eurasian civilization. He emphasizes that globalism, led by the USA, is a mortal threat to the cultural identity of Russia/Eurasia and all other civilizations. For this reason the USA and Russia are locked in mortal conflict with one other. At the outset of his intellectual career, in post-Soviet Russia, Dugin believed that Putin would follow the Eurasian road. It would be wrong to see Dugin as an intellectual guru at the head of the post-Soviet elite. Still, his views are important, for they indicate the kinds of ideas that circulate in the minds of the Russian elite.
Identification of 2.0 to 2.4 Ga Nd model age crustal material in the Cheyenne belt, southeastern Wyoming: Implications for Proterozoic accretionary tectonics at the southern margin of the Wyoming craton

A detailed survey was conducted of the Nd-isotope compositions of Precambrian metamorphic rocks both within and adjacent to the Cheyenne belt, a metamorphosed crustal segment in southeastern Wyoming that defines the Proterozoic suture zone between the Archean Wyoming craton and accreted Proterozoic island arc(s). The results of the study indicate that Proterozoic miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks exposed north of the Cheyenne belt and deposited at the southern margin of the Wyoming craton contain only Archean crust-derived material and no detritus from Proterozoic island arcs approaching from the south. Similarly, Proterozoic crust exposed south of the Cheyenne belt contains no crustal material derived from Archean sources. However, within the Cheyenne belt, paragneiss of the Barber Lake block has 2.0 to 2.4 Ga Nd model ages and is interpreted as metamorphosed intermixed sedimentary detritus from both Archean and Proterozoic sources. The paragneiss is thought to represent remnants of oceanic trench or foredeep sediments deposited in close proximity to both the Archean craton and the Proterozoic island arcs, similar to sedimentary rocks with 2.0 to 2.4 Ga Nd model ages exposed in the Penokean orogen in Wisconsin. The overall lack of 2.0 to 2.4 Ga modal age crustal material in the vicinity of the Cheyenne belt may reflect the fact that much of this crustal material was overthrust onto the Wyoming craton during accretion and then eroded during postorogenic rebound of the continental margin.
ON REPLACING A CHILD.

An occasional occurrence in child guidance clinics is the case of a disturbed child who was conceived shortly after the death of another child, his parents' specific intention being to have this child as a replacement or substitute for their child who died. It is with such children this article deals-with the circumstances of their conception, the constellation of parental attitudes that may cloud the child's upbringing; and the potentially severe pathological consequences of these influences upon the child's emotional development. The circumstances of the birth of these children were as follows. A child, generally of latency age or early adolescence tragically died, the cause either illness or accident: in our cases, malignancies, severe infection, automobile accident, and choking on a piece of bread. The parents mourned deeply and openly. Yet they--one or
Keeping pace with population growth

1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm (accessed July 3, 2014). 2 United Nations. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/ mdg/Default.aspx (accessed July 7, 2014). 3 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division. Model-based Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2014. New York: United Nations. http://www.un.org/en/ development/desa/population/theme/familyplanning/cp_model.shtml (accessed July 7, 2014). Keeping pace with population growth
Amantadine treatment following traumatic brain injury in children.

Primary objective: The focus of this paper is to review the current literature on the use of amandatine in children who have sustained a head injury.Main outcomes and results: A MEDLINE search was conducted and yielded five papers. They were composed of prospective, retrospective and case study designs. Dosage use and side effect profiles were consistent with expected norms. Efficacy was measures primarily by alertness and arousal and positive results were found for all studies on these dimensions. Behavioural and cognitive measures of outcome yielded mixed results.Conclusions: The studies reviewed for this paper suggest that amantadine is clinically beneficial for children who have sustained head injuries. Double blind placebo controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to further substantiate these findings.
Time course of the motion of bull sperm flagella

Detailed measurements were made of the time course of the motion of bull spermatozoa. Fourier analysis of the data showed the time course to be basically sinusoidal within 2% to 3%. An asymmetry in the motion was present, resulting in a second harmonic component in the Fourier spectra of normal sperm of approximately 11% of the main component. When the energy metabolism of the sperm was inhibited or when the external viscosity of the medium was raised, the asymmetry was reduced. When the internal Mg2+ content of the sperm was lowered, the asymmetry was increased. The asymmetries and the corresponding second harmonic components in the Fourier spectra were correlated with the overall bend shape of the sperm and with the curvature of the path in which the sperm were swimming. Model calculations showed that the asymmetry could reside in either the internal active moments in the sperms or in the stiffness of the sperm fiagella.
A wireless network can achieve maximum throughput without each node meeting all others

We study throughput scaling of an ad-hoc network where the nodes are restricted to move on vertical or horizontal lines on a square. A constant throughput is asymptotically achievable by the proposed scheduling algorithm, using in certain cases more than two hops strategies, without requiring each node to become the nearest neighbor of every other node. Hence the throughput result for one-dimensional mobility obtained by Diggavi et al. in Proc. IEEE ISIT, 2002 still holds under stricter mobility constraints
A unified boundary controllability theory for hyperbolic and parabolic distributed parameter systems

By making use of Huyghen's principle we are able to show that processes modelled by the wave equation in an odd number of space variables are controllable in finite time by means of control forces applied at the boundary of the spatial region in question. The introduction of certain concepts from harmonic analysis together with use of the Fourier transform enables us to apply this result to prove the finite time controllability of processes modelled by the heat equation in the same spatial region by means of similar boundary controls.
Electromagnetic delay lines in spark, proportional and drift chamber applications

Abstract The delay line readout technique of spark, proportional, and drift chambers is widely described in the literature, but the specific constraints on design parameters of the lines set by these applications are not always well understood. We describe here various techniques, old ones as well as more recent ones, of building and optimizing delay lines, reviewing the advantages and inconveniences of each approach in conjunction with the usual applications in high energy physics and nuclear medicine.
Fluoxetine: no association with suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Abstract Since (a) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may involve serotonergic neural transmission abnormalities also thought to be related to regulation of suicide and aggression, (b) comorbidity between OCD and depression is substantial, and (c) depression is a major risk factor for suicide, a comprehensive analysis of clinical trial data was undertaken to assess the potential association of fluoxetine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, and suicidality (suicidal acts and ideation). Pooled data from clinical trials comparing fluoxetine ( n =266) and placebo ( n =89) in patients with DSM-IIIR OCD were analyzed retrospectively. No suicidal acts occurred during placebo lead-in or double-blind therapy. Mean Hamilton Depression Scale item 3 (suicide item) scores improved statistically significantly with fluoxetine compared with placebo. Worsening in suicidal ideation was statistically significantly more frequent with placebo than with fluoxetine. Emergence of substantial suicidal ideation (change in baseline item 3 score of 0 or 1 to 3 or 4) was numerically greater with placebo than with fluoxetine (3.6% vs. 1.7%; not statistically significant). The incidence of suicidality in fluoxetine-treated patients with OCD was low, compared favorably with rates in corresponding placebo-treated patients, and was well within the range of estimates in previous studies of patients with OCD. These controlled clinical trial results suggest no undue risk of suicidality in patients with OCD treated with fluoxetine.
On Robust Control of Wing Rock using Nonlinear Control

Nonlinear control theory of uncertain systems is applied to the high angle-of-attack flight dynamic phenomenon of wing rock. Wing rock, an unsteady aerodynamic effect, is an undamped oscillation primarily in the roll axis and is exhibited by many modern combat aircraft. It causes maneuver limitations ranging in severity from degradation in tracking effectiveness to loss of control. Robust control is investigated for a generic nonlinear wind tunnel model of a modern combat aircraft that exhibits wing rock. Feedback control is derived using the nonlinear control approach of uncertain systems. A typical example is presented.
Dopaminergic involvement in attention a novel animal model

Abstract 1. 1. Adult male outbred albino mice were acutely injected with either of two dopamine (DA) agonists; Apomorphine, a receptor agonist, or Amantadine, a DA releasing agent. 2. 2. Both drugs produced dose-related alterations in initial Y-maze behavior, consisting of significantly increased proportions of 2-arm entries. 3. 3. This behavior has previously been shown to reflect an abnormal attentional process. 4. 4. Thus DA activation may cause sensory perseveration. 5. 5. The implications of this finding for DA theories of psychopathology is discussed.
A new representation of Student's t as a function of independent t's, with a generalization to the matrix t

A new synthetic representation of Student's t statistic is given which exhibits the random variable as a nonlinear function of two independent t variables. A generalization is given to the matricvariate t with an interpretation in terms of “natural conjugate” inference for multivariate normal sampling.
An architecture for optimal all-to-all personalized communication

In all-to-all personalized communication (AAPC), every node of a parallel system sends a potentially unique packet to every other node. AAPC is an important primitive operation for modern parallel compilers, since it is used to redistribute data structures during parallel computations. As an extremely dense communication pattern, AAPC causes congestion in many types of networks and therefore executes very poorly on general purpose, asynchronous message passsing routers.We present and evaluate a network architecture that executes all-to-all communication optimally on a two-dimensional torus. The router combines optimal partitions of the AAPC step with a self-synchronizing switching mechanism integrated into a conventional wormhole router. Optimality is achieved by routing along shortest paths while fully utilizing all links. A simple hardware addition for synchronized message switching can guarantee optimal AAPC routing in many existing network architectures.The flexible communication agent of the iWarp VLSI component allowed us to implement an efficient prototype for the evaluation of the hardware complexity as well as possible software overheads. The measured performance on an 8 × 8 torus exceeded 2 GigaBytes/sec or 80% of the limit set by the raw speed of the interconnects. We make a quantitative comparison of the AAPC router with a conventional message passing system. The potential gain of such a router for larger parallel programs is illustrated with the example of a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform.
Variability of abdominal adipose tissue measurements using computed tomography in prepubertal girls

OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of measuring regional adipose tissue area using abdominal computed tomography (CT) in normal-weight, prepubertal girls. DESIGN: Measurements of abdominal CT were performed twice, 6 weeks apart. SUBJECTS: Sixty-one normal-weight, prepubertal girls (age: 4.8 ‐10.3 y, mean (s.d.) BMI: 16.7 1.5 kg/m 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: Abdominal adipose tissue by CT at baseline and 6 weeks later. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between visits 1 and 2 with regard to the children’s average abdominal CT derived intraabdominal adipose tissue (21.64 cm 2 vs 23.74 cm 2 ) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (62.49 cm 2 vs 65.28 cm 2 ). The Pearson coefficient of correlation (r), P-value, total coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of the difference (SED) for intra-individual measurements between visits 1 and 2 by abdominal CT were: total abdominal adipose tissue, ra 0.94, P< 0.0001, CVa 12.34%, SED 2.25 cm 2 ; subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, ra 0.96, P< 0.0001, CVa 10.67%, SEDa 1.57 cm 2 ; and intraabdominal adipose tissue, ra 0.67, P< 0.0001, CVa 21.5%, SEDa 1.11 cm 2 . The mean ratios of intraabdominal to subcutaneous adipose tissue on visits 1 and 2 were 0.42 0.2 and 0.44 0.24, respectively. CONCLUSION: Regional adipose tissue area measurements using abdominal CT were reliable in healthy, normalweight, prepubertal girls.
High-Molecular Weight Iron Dextran: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?

Parenteral iron is given to patients in a variety of formulations, including two iron dextran products known as high- (HMW) or low- (LMW) molecular weight iron dextran. Despite more risk of adverse events, HMW iron dextran is sometimes substituted for LMW iron dextran without physician knowledge for
High Surface Area Tapes Produced with Functionalized Graphene

We describe a scalable method for producing continuous graphene networks by tape casting surfactant-stabilized aqueous suspensions of functionalized graphene sheets. Similar to all other highly connected graphene-containing networks, the degree of overlap between the sheets controls the tapes’ electrical and mechanical properties. However, unlike other graphene-containing networks, the specific surface area of the cast tapes remains high (>400 m2·g–1). Exhibiting apparent densities between 0.15 and 0.51 g·cm–3, with electrical conductivities up to 24 kS·m–1 and tensile strengths over 10 MPa, these tapes exhibit the best combination of properties with respect to density heretofore observed for carbon-based papers, membranes, or films.
Medicine for global health: can “simple interventions” improve the worldwide burden of disease?

Improvements to medical practice and delivery of treatment has been the focus of many international collaborations aiming to address the delivery of appropriate health care in low- and middle-income countries. However, this is compounded by various social, cultural as well as resource allocation issues. This Editorial marks the launch of an article collection on Medicine for Global Health (http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/series/medicine_for_global_health), and here, guest editor Gretchen Birbeck discusses the challenges, importance and increasing relevance of global health.
Storage reclamation in object oriented database systems

When providing data management for nontraditional data, database systems encounter storage reclamation problems similar to those encountered by virtual memory managers. The paging behavior of existing automatic storage reclamation schemes as applied to objects stored in a database management system is one indicator of the performance cost of various features of storage reclamation algorithms. The results of modeling the paging behavior suggest that Mark and Sweep causes many more input/output operations than Copy-Compact. A contributing factor to the expense of Mark and Sweep is that it does not recluster memory as does Copy-Compact. If memory is not reclustered, the average cost of accessing data can go up tremendously. Other algorithms that do not recluster memory also suffer performance problems, namely all reference counting schemes. The main advantage of a reference count scheme is that it does not force a running program to pause for a long period of time while reclamation takes place, it amortizes the cost of reclamation across all accesses. The reclustering of Copy-Compact and the cost amortization of Reference Count are combined to great advantage in Baker's algorithm. This algorithm proves to be the least prohibitive for operating on disk-based data.
Low-Correlation Sequences Over the QAM Constellation

This paper presents the first concerted look at low correlation sequence families over quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations of size and their potential applicability as spreading sequences in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) setting. Five constructions are presented, and it is shown how such sequence families have the ability to transport a larger amount of data as well as enable variable-rate signaling on the reverse link. Canonical family has period , normalized maximum-correlation parameter bounded above by , where ranges from in the 16-QAM case to for large . In a CDMA setting, each user is enabled to transfer bits of data per period of the spreading sequence which can be increased to bits of data by halving the size of the sequence family. The technique used to construct is easily extended to produce larger sequence families and an example is provided. Selected family has a lower value of but permits only -bit data modulation. The interleaved 16-QAM sequence family, has and supports 3-bit data modulation. The remaining two families are over a quadrature-pulse amplitude modulation (Q-PAM) subset of size of the -QAM constellation. Family has a lower value of in comparison with Family , while still permitting -bit data modulation. Interleaved Family , over the 8-ary Q-PAM constellation, permits 3-bit data modulation and interestingly achieves the Welch lower bound on .
Boundary Conditions for Environmental Effects

As soon as the first reports concerning neural plasticity related to experience became known, an understandable concern was expressed over whether these findings would obtain in different circumstances than the exact situation present in the Berkeley laboratories. In the ensuing quarter of a century, multiple laboratories have investigated EC-IC effects in other strains of rats, in rats of both sexes and several ages, and in other species. The nature of enrichment and impoverishment as relative conditions has also been investigated by variation of environments along a continuum from extreme impoverishment to attempts to “superenrich” the environment. The time required for the appearance of significant neurobiological changes has been a topic for investigation as well. Each of these areas of inquiry will be reviewed in this chapter.
Improving Preservice Teachers’ Perspectives on Family Involvement in Teaching Children With Special Needs Guest Speaker Versus Video

This study examines preservice teachers’ perspectives on family involvement in special education and effective teaching methods for delivering family-involvement content. Eighty-three preservice te...
In vivo cloning of lac genes in Streptococcus lactis ML3

The isolation and characterization of a Streptococcus lactis ML3 strain which possessed a recombinant lactose plasmid is described. The recombination events generating this plasmid occurred in vivo in a recombination-deficient strain and appeared to be mediated by transposition events. Restriction mapping revealed that the recombinant plasmid, pDA0307, contained a region of the lactose plasmid, pSK08, linked to another resident plasmid, pSK07. Copy number determinations indicated that the lac genes were present at approximately 20 copies per cell in pDA0307, whereas the lac genes are normally present at approximately 10 copies per cell in pSK08. The strain containing pDA0307 displayed a 21 to 54% increase in the expression of the Lac enzyme phospho-beta-d-galactosidase. However, the strain containing pDA0307 both grew and produced lactic acid in milk at rates identical to that of a strain containing pSK08. This result suggests that lac gene dosage of plasmid-linked lac genes was not limiting the rate at which these derivatives of S. lactis ML3 fermented milk.
Relax and Randomize : From Value to Algorithms

We show a principled way of deriving online learning algorithms from a minimax analysis. Various upper bounds on the minimax value, previously thought to be non-constructive, are shown to yield algorithms. This allows us to seamlessly recover known methods and to derive new ones, also capturing such "unorthodox" methods as Follow the Perturbed Leader and the R2 forecaster. Understanding the inherent complexity of the learning problem thus leads to the development of algorithms. To illustrate our approach, we present several new algorithms, including a family of randomized methods that use the idea of a "random playout". New versions of the Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader algorithms are presented, as well as methods based on the Littlestone's dimension, efficient methods for matrix completion with trace norm, and algorithms for the problems of transductive learning and prediction with static experts.
Mechanisms for nitric oxide synthesis in plants

The discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signal fundamentally shifted our understanding of free radicals from toxic by-products of oxidative metabolism to key regulators of cellular functions. This discovery has led to intense investigation into the synthesis of NO in both animals and plants. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the primary sources of NO in animals and are complex, highly regulated enzymes that oxidize arginine to NO and citrulline. Plant NO synthesis, however, appears more complex and includes both nitrite and arginine-dependent mechanisms. The components of the arginine pathway have been elusive as no known orthologues of animal NOS exist in plants. An Arabidopsis gene (AtNOS1) has been identified that is needed for NO synthesis in vivo and has biochemical properties similar to animal cNOS, yet it has no sequence similarity to any known animal NOS. An Atnos1 insertion mutant has been useful for genetic studies of NO regulation and for uncovering new roles for NO signalling. The elucidation of plant NO synthesis promises to yield novel mechanisms that may be applicable to animal systems.