cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ROADLESS HABITATS AS REFUGES FOR NATIVE GRASSLANDS: INTERACTIONS WITH SOIL, ASPECT, AND GRAZING

The idea that roadless habitats act as refuges for native-plant diversity against exotic-plant invasion has seldom been tested. We examined the effect of distance from roads and its interactions with soil type, aspect, and livestock grazing on native- and exotic-plant diversity in a 130 000-ha inland California (USA) foothill grassland landscape. During spring 2000 and 2001, we measured the numbers of and cover by native and exotic plant species in 92 sites stratified by distance from roads (10 m, 100 m, and >1000 m), soil type (nonserpentine and serpentine), and aspect (cool, warm, and neutral slopes). In nonserpentine grasslands, native cover was greatest in sites >1000 m from roads (23%) and least in sites 10 m from roads (9%), and the percentage of species that were native was significantly greatest in sites >1000 m from roads (44%) and least in those 10 m from roads (32%). In addition, the most distant sites had the largest number of native grass species and the fewest exotic forb species. In serpent...
Lipid Signaling in Pathogenic Fungi

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of lipid signaling molecules in the development and pathogenicity of clinically important fungi. In Cryptococcus neoformans, sphingolipid-derived diacylglycerol has been shown to induce the transcription of the putative virulence factor App1, which inhibits the phagocytosis of fungal cells by alveolar macrophages, as well as to activate the protein kinase C Pkc1, which promotes cell-wall stability and increased melanin production. In Candida albicans, exposure to the oxylipin farnesol causes the regulation of specific genes involved in hyphal development, drug resistance and iron acquisition. Farnesol increases resistance to oxidative stress in C. albicans but, interestingly, induces apoptotic-like cell death in Aspergillus nidulans, suggesting that this molecule has multiple and opposing functions. Finally, fungal cells secrete eicosanoids, which are lipid molecules with putative signaling functions in fungi, and the recent characterization of the first fungal enzymes associated with the production of eicosanoids in A. nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus provides new insights into the understanding of the role of eicosanoid production in the biology of fungal pathogenesis.
Direct diazo-transfer reaction on β-lactam: Synthesis and preliminary biological activities of 6-triazolylpenicillanic acids

In this study we report the first example of a direct diazo-transfer reaction on readily available 6-aminopenicillanates to give 6-azidopenicillanates in high yield. Subsequent Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition between these 6-azidopenicillanates and assorted terminal alkynes facilely furnished 6-triazolylpenicillanic acids. Preliminary biological screening indicates that these triazolylpenicillanic acids possess low to moderate antibacterial activities.
Ca2+ Sparks in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes Evoked by Action Potentials: Involvement of Clusters of L-Type Ca2+ Channels

It is not clear how many L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) are required to ensure that a Ca2+ spark is triggered during a normal mammalian action potential (AP). We investigated this in rabbit ventricular myocytes by examining both the properties of sparks evoked by APs and the activity of LCCs. We measured Ca2+ sparks evoked by repeated APs with pipettes containing 2 mmol/L EGTA and single LCC activity in cell-attached patches depolarized to +50 mV using pipettes containing 110 mmol/L Ba2+. With 2 mmol/L Ca2+ in the external solution, we observed sparks at the beginning of every evoked AP at numerous locations. Each spark was observed repeatedly at a fixed location and began during a limited interval after the AP peak. These sparks occurred with a probability of approximately unity. However, the chance that an LCC does not open during the interval when a spark is triggered is quite high ( approximately 0.13). Therefore, because single channels open with a probability significantly lower than 1, more than one LCC must be available to ensure that sparks are triggered with a probability of approximately unity. We conclude that it is likely that a cluster of LCCs is involved in gating a cluster of ryanodine receptors at the beginning of an AP.
Constructing Commitment in Intimate Relationships Mapping Interdependence in the Everyday Expressions of Commitment

By its very nature, relationship commitment is generated in the context of a relationship and becomes relational when it is communicated in some way to the other. This study investigated how expressions of commitment and commitment-related perceptions are interdependently connected among romantic partners. The authors derived and tested a dyadic cyclical model of the everyday expressions of commitment with a sample of 189 romantically involved couples. Results revealed that individual’s level of commitment are associated with her or his own expressions of commitment, those expressions of commitment are noticed by the partners, and the partner’s level of commitment is associated with those perceptions of the other’s expressions of commitment. The research sheds light on the complex ways intimate couples experience and express commitment in their everyday lives.
La desigualdad: un tatuaje que nos acompaña

Se analizan las caracteristicas de la desigualdad en America Latina y se muestra que es un fenomeno generalizado y persistente que invade amplios ambitos de las sociedades latinoamericanas y no solamente su dimension economica. Se destacan los mecanismos de trasmision; se enfatiza en el concepto de heterogeneidad estructural y se advierte que es imposible revisar las politicas economicas en general y mas especificamente su caracter o no redistributivo sin considerar las dimensiones politicas, pues su correlacion de fuerzas es determinante
Multi-wavelength diffuse optical imaging: Experimental results

Summary form only given. A primary goal of diffuse optical tomography is to image blood volume fraction and blood oxygen saturation levels. The space-varying absorption coefficient can be used to examine these two quantities, but illumination at multiple wavelengths is required in order to distinguish between oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. In this work we investigate a number of approaches to explore how to most effectively combine the information from multiple wavelengths. We examine the problem in a three-dimensional geometry for reflection imaging with a relatively small support of transmitters and receivers.
Insights into the Interaction between Influenza Virus and Pneumococcus

Bacterial infections following influenza are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Based on the historical importance of pneumonia as a cause of death during pandemic influenza, the increasingly likely possibility that highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses will trigger the next worldwide pandemic underscores the need to understand the multiple mechanisms underlying the interaction between influenza virus and bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. There is ample evidence to support the historical view that influenza virus alters the lungs in a way that predisposes to adherence, invasion, and induction of disease by pneumococcus. Access to receptors is a key factor and may be facilitated by the virus through epithelial damage, by exposure or up-regulation of receptors, or by provoking the epithelial regeneration response to cytotoxic damage. More recent data indicate that alteration of the immune response by diminishing the ability of the host to clear pneumococcus or by amplification of the inflammatory cascade is another key factor. Identification and exploration of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this synergism will provide targets for prevention and treatment using drugs and vaccines.
Preventing Elevated Radix Deformity in Asian Rhinoplasty with a Chimeric Dorsal-Glabellar Construct.

Background Asian facial aesthetic surgery should enhance, but not change, natural features. Augmentation rhinoplasty is a hallmark of Asian cosmetic surgery. In the authors' experience, I-shaped implants can elevate and efface the radix, leading to an unnatural appearance (elevated radix deformity). Objectives The Chimeric technique was developed to control final radix position and preserve the nasal profile. We aim to demonstrate that the Chimeric technique promotes forward projection, not elevation, of the radix. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, 49 patients underwent rhinoplasty with I-shaped implants. Nineteen patients had Chimeric dorsal-glabellar implants, 30 did not. Standardized photographs were obtained at every visit. Novel and established photogrammetric parameters were used to describe radix position and position change. A retrospective chart review provided additional procedural details and outcomes data. Results Patients were followed for 10.8 months (range, 2-36 months). Nasal height increase (113% vs 107%) and bridge length increase (118% vs 105%) were significantly greater when the Chimeric technique was not performed ( P < .0001). The nasofrontal angle increased 6° in both groups; there was no difference between groups. The vector of radix position change was 26.1° in the Chimeric group and 63.4° in the traditional group ( P < .0001). Conclusions The Chimeric technique preserves the nasal profile with a favorable (horizontal) radix transposition vector. There was not a significant difference in final radix position when Chimeric rhinoplasty was performed because that is controlled by implant thickness and position. The technique did not blunt the radix significantly. Level of Evidence 4 ![Graphic][1] Therapeutic [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Lost at Sea

I t isn’t DIFFICULT TO imagine ways to block the migrations of terrestrial animals such as wildebeest or pronghorn. A sturdy fence will do; a new village or housing development is even better. But the notion that animal migrations in the oceans can also be blocked is more difficult to fathom. People are not building in the sea the way they are building on land. But slowly, surely, and with devastating effect, they are turning the migratory routes of many marine animals into deadly obstacle courses. Moreover, many ocean migrants share with terrestrial migrants the habit of congregating at key breeding, wintering, or stopover sites, which makes them all too easy to hunt. Consequently, for whales, sea turtles, and numerous other migratory species, the “freedom of the seas” is becoming more and more of an illusion as the ocean becomes an increasingly inhospitable environment for migration.
Global Social Tolerance Index and multi-method country rankings sensitivity

Social tolerance refers to the extent of recognition and acceptance of differences, willingness to grant equal rights, and refraining from openly intolerant attitudes. Utilizing World Value Survey (WVS) data (56 countries, 83,000 usable respondents), we develop a Global Social Tolerance Index (GSTI) that incorporates gender, minority, immigrant, and religion tolerance dimensions. We develop this index using a multi-step data-driven procedure involving five data standardizations, seven weighting approaches, and five aggregation methods. They generate 124 replications for each country’s index and rank, yielding a median overall position and several measures of rank sensitivity/robustness to different weighting, standardization, and aggregation approaches. It builds on prior social tolerance indexes in terms of scope and dimensionality, and avoids problems associated with equal or subjective weighting. The GSTI index/rankings provide a tool for IB scholars to examine nations’ overall tolerance or tolerance regarding each dimension relative to other external criteria. Our procedure can be used to develop other indexes and rankings of nations or organizations within a country or region. In practice, any such non-participatory method should always serve as a starting point to facilitate deliberations of experts and/or decision-makers for policy recommendations.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR FRACTIONAL AREA CHANGE PREDICTS INVASIVELY-DETERMINED HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Evaluation of the right heart is critical in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, in many echocardiography laboratories this evaluation remains qualitative in nature. We sought to determine which quantitative right heart parameters by echocardiography were predictive of
Chapter four : The study of subject strengths, overlap, and national collecting patterns : The uses of the oclc/amigos collection analysis cd and alternatives to it

The author will examine three varieties of research into library collections: studies of subject strengths, studies of the overlap of collections, and studies of national collecting patterns. In the course of our examination of these types of studies, we will assess the relative merits of the old and new ways of conducting research into collections, and we will recommend the best means for doing so in the future
Abstract 5277: MMP-2 suppression abrogates irradiation-induced microtubule formation in endothelial cells by inhibiting αvβ3-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors recur after the radiation (IR) treatment by increasing angiogenesis and IR-induced signaling events in endothelial cells that are involved in tumor neovascularization; these signaling events have yet to be well characterized. We observed that IR (8 Gy) significantly elevated MMP-2 expression and gelatinolytic activity in 4910 and 5310 human GBM xenograft cells. In addition, endothelial cells treated with tumor conditioned media (CM) obtained from IR-treated 4910 and 5310 cells showed increased microtubule formation. Thus, we investigated the possible anti-angiogenic effects of MMP-2 downregulation using siRNA (pMMP-2.si) in IR-treated cells and further determined the effect of CM obtained from mock, pSV (scrambled vector) and pMMP-2.si on endothelial cell growth and vessel formation. pMMP-2.si-CM-treated endothelial cells showed inhibited IR-CM-induced αvβ3, SDF-1, CXCR4, phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT expression levels. In vitro angiogenesis assay showed that the pMMP-2.si+IR decreased the IR-induced vessel formation in endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the abrogation of αvβ3-SDF1 interaction in pMMP-2.si-CM-treated endothelial cells when compared to mock or pSV treatments. External supplementation of either rhMMP-2 or rhSDF-1 counteracted and noticeably reversed the pMMP-2.si-inhibited SDF-1, CXCR4, phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT expression levels and angiogenesis, thereby confirming the role of MMP-2 in the regulation of αvβ3-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling. In corroboration with the in vitro results, the in vivo mouse dorsal air sac model also showed reduced angiogenesis with the injection of pMMP-2.si-treated xenograft cells whereas injection of mock or pSV-treated cells resulted in robust formation of characteristic neovascularization. Collectively, our data indicate the role of MMP-2 in the regulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling-mediated angiogenesis in endothelial cells and demonstrates the anti-angiogenic efficacy of combining MMP-2 downregulation and IR when treating GBM in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5277. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5277
Modulating the light switch by (3)MLCT-(3)ππ* state interconversion.

The spectroscopic, electronic, and DNA-binding characteristics of two novel ruthenium complexes based on the dialkynyl ligands 2,3-bis(phenylethynyl)-1,4,8,9-tetraaza-triphenylene (bptt, 1) and 2,3-bis(4-tert-butyl-phenylethynyl)-1,4,8,9-tetraaza-triphenylene (tbptt, 2) have been investigated. Electronic structure calculations of bptt reveal that the frontier molecular orbitals are localized on the pyrazine-dialkynyl portion of the free ligand, a property that is reflected in a red shift of the lowest energy electronic transition (1: {lambda}{sub max} = 393 nm) upon substitution at the terminal phenyl groups (2: {lambda}{sub max} = 398 nm). Upon coordination to ruthenium, the low-energy ligand-centered transitions of 1 and 2 are retained, and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT) centered at {lambda}{sub max} = 450 nm are observed for [Ru(phen){sub 2}bptt]{sup 2+}(3) and [Ru(phen){sub 2}tbptt]{sup 2+}(4). The photophysical characteristics of 3 and 4 in ethanol closely parallel those observed for [Ru(bpy){sub 3}]{sup 2+} and [Ru(phen){sub 3}]{sup 2+}, indicating that the MLCT excited state is primarily localized within the [Ru(phen){sub 3}]{sup 2+} manifold of 3 and 4, and is only sparingly affected by the extended conjugation of the bptt framework. In an aqueous environment, 3 and 4 possess notably small luminescence quantum yields (3: {phi}H{sub 2}O = 0.005, 4: {phi}H{sub 2}O = 0.011) and biexponential decay kinetics (3: {tau}{submore » 1} = 40 ns, {tau}{sub 2} = 230 ns; 4: {tau}{sub 1} {approx} 26 ns, {tau}{sub 2} = 150 ns). Addition of CT-DNA to an aqueous solution of 3 causes a significant increase in the luminescence quantum yield ({phi}DNA = 0.045), while the quantum yield of 4 is relatively unaffected ({phi}DNA = 0.013). The differential behavior demonstrates that tert-butyl substitution on the terminal phenyl groups inhibits the ability of 4 to intercalate with DNA. Such changes in intrinsic luminescence demonstrate that 3 binds to DNA via intercalation (K{sub b} = 3.3 x 10{sup 4} M{sup -1}). The origin of this light switch behavior involves two competing {sup 3}MLCT states similar to that of the extensively studied light switch molecule [Ru(phen){sub 2}dppz]{sup 2+}. The solvent- and temperature-dependence of the luminescence of 3 reveal that the extended ligand aromaticity lowers the energy of the {sup 3}{pi}{pi}* excited state into competition with the emitting {sup 3}MLCT state. Interconversion between these two states plays a significant role in the observed photophysics and is responsible for the dual emission in aqueous environments.« less
Earnings Overconfidence and the Transition to Self-employment

The link between overconfidence and entrepreneurial entry is of increasing scholarly interest. However, research has yet to offer an empirical test linking overconfidence in earnings ability to entry into entrepreneurship that includes all of the following features that would help substantiate the case: (1) is based on representative data that includes individuals who do and do not become entrepreneurs to minimize selection bias; (2) includes a reasonable measure of earnings overconfidence that temporally precedes the transition to entrepreneurship (i.e., data that are not cross-sectional); (3) has a sufficiently large number of transitions into entrepreneurship that allows for sufficient degrees of freedom for robust analysis; and, concomitantly, (4) includes a wide array of economic, psychological, and sociological covariates that are plausibly associated with both overconfidence and the transition to entrepreneurship to account for potential spuriousness. The objective of this research is to provide a more compelling test of the theorized link between absolute and relative earnings overconfidence and entrepreneurship. I find the following: Overconfidence in earnings ability has a positive, long-term effect on the probability of actually becoming an entrepreneur. Notably, various (lagged) measures of overconfidence are used to arrive at this conclusion using data that generalize to a segment of the US population. The data also include a wide array of economic, psychological, and sociological covariates that have been theorized - or are plausibly associated with - overconfidence and entrepreneurship or self-employment that help address alternative explanations.
Use of mouse liver tumor data in risk assessments performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

In summary, the EPA has begun to look critically at the induction of certain types of tumors in certain species, including liver tumors in mice. The controversy over the use of such tumor data in assessing the cancer risk for humans has been going on for some time. The present agency policy is to downgrade the weight of evidence for such data under certain conditions. Review of the cancer risk assessments for the 109 chemicals that the agency has formally verified shows that a variety of chemicals yield liver tumors in mice. However, one group of substances that consistently produced such tumors was chlorinated compounds (84%). Many of these compounds not only induced liver tumors in mice but also induced liver tumors in rats and/or other types of tumors in mice and rats. However, several of the chlorinated compounds produced only mouse liver tumors. Another group of compounds that often induced liver tumors in mice was nitrogen-containing compounds (aromatic amines, hydrazines, nitrosamines). These latter substances tended to not only induce liver tumors in mice but also a variety of other tumor types in a variety of species. Mouse liver tumor data have played a major role in the classification of substances in categories B2 and C. Fifty-six percent of the chemicals in category B2 and 40% in category C were classified based at least partially on the use of mouse liver tumor data. In addition, 21 of the 29 category B2 chemicals that produced liver tumors in mice and 5 of the 8 category C chemicals are chlorinated compounds. These two results indicate the importance of chlorinated compounds to the agency, and therefore, the importance of mouse liver tumor data in agency cancer risk assessments.
A reduced order systems approach to prediction of emergent behaviors of cellular systems

Populations of cells interacting within an extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibit spatiotemporal behaviors that are usually described through complex and extensive mechanisms. However, mechanistic computational models become intractable as the cell population increases.
FSK-Based Reactive Jammer Piggybacking

The complexity and sophistication of communications jamming will continue to increase over time. The traditional approach to jammer mitigation is to harden radios, often sacrificing communications performance for more advanced jamming protection. To provide an escape from this trend, we propose a jammer exploitation strategy in which the communications system causes an enemy reactive jammer to act as an unwitting relay. This can lead to an improvement in communications as a result of the jamming attack itself. The strategy proposed in this letter revolves around using a frequency-shift keying waveform that is tuned in such a way to exploit the jammer’s behavior. We derive the channel capacity when using the waveform along with practical coding, and provide numerical results to gain insight.
¡Aún no está acabada! Arteterapia en prisión

In this article, the focus goes to a small part of the group work in the art therapy program PID Model Preso of Barcelona. Sometimes there is a production that is particularly significant, which seems to allow passage to a different place within the overall process of the person. A production that changes the speech, opens to new emotions, which is a process itself. What happened in order to get there? What has been possible afterwards? It's not finished yet!: a phrase often heard, that has the added dimension of referring to a work that lingers in the memory, and therefore seems able to continue.
Stories for living on a damaged planet: Environmental education in a preschool classroom:

This article examines children’s encounters with dead and dying bumble bees in their everyday entangled lives. Within the context of an early childhood classroom located in suburban British Columbi...
"Leave Me and My Facebook Alone!" Understanding College Students' Relationship with Facebook and its Use for Academic Purposes

Facebook is by far the most ubiquitous social network in the world. While it has been studied extensively in its native social context, only recently has its use for academic purposes begun to be examined in earnest. In this study we utilize both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in multiple sections of required freshmen and senior courses at a liberal arts college (n = 245). To help delineate factors that cause students to accept (or resist) the use of Facebook by their professors, we draw from the well-established technology acceptance literature, adapting constructs known to predict acceptance and use of technology. Further, we develop new measures of “appropriateness” and “social purposes” to account for the unique context of integrating Facebook into college coursework. We provide recommendations for best practices, find a possible negative “Facebook Effect,” and show that the use of technology acceptance models is a promising avenue for future research.
Motivation to Avoid Loss Improves Implicit Skill Performance.

Implicit learning reflects learning from experience that occurs without intention or awareness of the information acquired and is hypothesized to contribute to skill acquisition by improving performance with practice. The role of motivation has not been examined because this kind of memory is represented outside awareness. We manipulated motivation (approach/avoidance) and type of feedback (positive/negative) to measure how these affected a well-studied task of implicit sequence learning. Across 2 experiments, we found a consistent effect that motivation to avoid loss led to much higher levels of sequence-specific task performance. When the motivation manipulation was removed, performance fell to typical levels, indicating that motivation enhanced knowledge expression through performance, not learning. Even though implicit skill knowledge is represented outside awareness, our ability to apply this knowledge is enhanced when motivated by fear of loss, potentially providing insight into the value of coaching/training practices that motivate performers in this manner. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Role of CEO Self-Efficacy in linking Scanning and Strategic Outcomes

Although a significant literature exists on executive scanning behaviors, the pathways linking scanning to strategic outcomes are relatively less well-understood. We report a field study of CEOs of...
Cytogenetic analysis for fetal chromosomal abnormalities by amniocentesis: Review of over 40,000 consecutive cases in a single center

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the 18-year experience of prenatal diagnosis of fetal karyotype analysis by amniocentesis. Methods: In this study, the authors reviewed the cytogenetic results of 40,208 fetuses with indications for amniocentesis enrolled from December 1998 to December 2015. Cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid was performed in all these pregnancies. Eight indications for amniocentesis were included. The detection rate and distribution of abnormal karyotypes were observed in each indication. Results: Among all these samples, abnormal maternal serum screening test was the most common indication for amniocentesis (17,536, 43.67%), followed by advanced maternal age (11,734, 29.18%), abnormal ultrasound findings (5,328, 13.25%), and required by pregnant women (2,557, 6.36%). Chromosomal abnormality was detected in 1,349 (3.36%) samples, 63.01% of the abnormalities were numerical, and 36.99% were structural. The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 55.60% in one of the couple with chromosomal abnormality, 4.43% in the pregnant women with pathological ultrasound finding, 2.83% in the pregnant women with advanced age, and 2.73% in women with abnormal maternal serum screening tests. Of the fetuses with chromosome aberrations, 680 (50.41%) had trisomy 13, trisomy 18, or trisomy 21, and 138 (10.23%) had sex chromosome disorder. The other 531 abnormal samples included translocation, mosaicism, inversion, deletion, addition, and marker chromosome. Conclusions: Cytogenetic analysis, therefore, remained an effective approach to decrease the birth defects of fetuses with indications for amniocentesis. These results could provide meaningful suggestions for clinical genetic consulting and prenatal diagnosis.
Two Ideal Flow Models: Plug Flow and Mixed Flow

Here, all the fluid passes through the vessel in single file, with no mixing of earlier with later entering fluid, no overtaking, or backmixing.
Reports From the 2018 Library Technology Conference Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, March 13 – 14, 2018

The annual Library Technology Conference in St. Paul, Minnesota may be the best small library conference that not very many people have heard of. It began in 2008 as a mainly local conference, but...
Implementing Co-Creation and Multiple Intelligence Practices to Transform the Classroom Experience.

Co-creating with a diverse population of learners to enhance their educational experience requires apt skills, namely, multiple intelligence practices. Through the lens of adult learning theories to include multiple intelligences developed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, this empirical research study of a classroom scenario examines the relationship between co-creating and multiple intelligences leadership practices and presents examples of positive effects of co-creating and multiple intelligence practices that have transformed the classroom experience. This article integrates the broader literature on adult learning theories to include theories of multiple intelligences and generates new research and insight for current and future educators to implement and transform the classroom experience.
Better Together? Interracial Relationships and Depressive Symptoms:

Previous research shows that married and cohabiting individuals are happier and enjoy greater levels of psychological well-being than single individuals. However, most of this research relies on da...
Smart Grid Congestion Caused by Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will place a sizeable load on future residential distribution systems. As the popularity of PEVs increases, the network congestion of uncoordinated PEV charging will likely also increase. Until smart charging becomes available, the impact of uncoordinated charging on residential distribution systems must be considered. This paper studies the effects of PEV charger activities of randomly populated, randomly arriving PEVs within several low voltage residential networks. The impacts on network voltages, feeder congestion overloads and distribution transformer loading are investigated.
Satisfying the Need for Diversity Training for Hispanic Construction Workers and Their Supervisors at US Construction Workplaces: A Case Study

AbstractThe representation of the Hispanic construction workforce has substantially increased over the last 15 years, and it continues to increase. Because of this, the Hispanic construction workfo...
Lichen Establishment on Artificial Substrates

By providing open space, artificial lichen establishment substrates can allow study of the process of establishment and lichenization, which are among the processes that play out to determine lichen communities. They may also be useful to understand how quickly lichen communities can change and become re-established as we seek to interpret lichen biomonitoring data. We left 5 artificial lichen substrates for 42 months to be naturally colonized by lichens in an Oregon Fraxinus latifolia forest. Compared to a nearby forest macrolichen community with 45 species, we observed eight macrolichen taxa becoming established on the substrates. Many of the developing thalli could be identified only to genus. Taxa becoming established largely represented a subset of the forest community that lacked cyanolichens and included a greater proportion of nitrogen-tolerant species, suggesting that these taxa establish particularly quickly.
ILC2s chew the fat

In this issue of JEM, Rana et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190689) report that adipose tissue multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) provide multifaceted support for adipose tissue-resident ILC2s through contact-mediated proliferation and IL-33-mediated stress-induced activation.
Testing Life Course Models Whereby Juvenile and Adult Adversity Combine to Influence Speed of Biological Aging

The present study extends prior research on the links between social adversity and aging by employing more comprehensive measures of adversity and a new gene expression index of aging. Hierarchical regression and 20 years of data from a sample of 381 black Americans were used to test models regarding the impact of social adversity on speed of aging. Consistent with the early life sensitivity model, early adversity continued to predict accelerated aging after controlling for adult adversity. Contrary to the pathway model, adult adversity was not related to aging following controls for early adversity. The cumulative stress model received partial support as high adversity during adulthood amplified the effect of early adversity on aging. Finally, consonant with the social change model, low adversity during adulthood buffered the effect of early adversity on aging. These findings held after controlling for health behaviors such as smoking, diet, and exercise.
Quadratic Interpolation: The Foiaş–Lions Theorem

In this chapter, we’ll begin by considering a mathematically interesting problem that seems unconnected to the subject of matrix monotone functions.
Discovering phonetic function

The paper considers two topics on which one or other of the target papers disagrees, explicitly or implicitly, with one or other of its companion papers, and tries to resolve the differences. The topics are: (i) "categorical-like" perception of phonetic contrasts by infants, as evidence of " innate" phonetic capacity; (ii) units of perception, and the relations between perception and production.
Assessing macroinvertebrate community response to restoration of Big Spring Run: Expanded analysis of before‐after‐control‐impact sampling designs

Stream restoration projects utilize a variety of approaches to improve conditions for aquatic organisms or enhance ecosystem function. Alterations to abiotic conditions to enhance certain ecosystems services may not lead to concurrent changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community indicative of improved stream health. Big Spring Run was the location of a novel restoration project to recreate an anabranching “wet meadow” habitat typical of precolonization conditions without the primary goal of restoring a macroinvertebrate community characteristic of single‐channel lotic systems. We examined the effect of the restoration on the macroinvertebrate community using a multivariate analysis of assemblage composition, a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) approach, and an assessment of potential aerial migrants. We also examined subsets of the data using a BACI approach that represented restricted sampling designs often employed in stream restoration projects. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in the Spring twice prior to restoration (2010 and 2011) and 3 years after restoration (2012–2014). Adult stream insects were collected in 2014. Analyses of benthic macroinvertebrates and adult insects using the full dataset suggested that restoration had no effect on the macroinvertebrate community due to poor in‐stream conditions likely from sediment deposition following restoration. Dispersal barriers are likely acting as a secondary constraint on recolonization. Analyses using subsets of the data demonstrated that reference site quality and sampling extent can alter conclusions from a BACI approach. We found that a holistic approach using multiple lines of evidence required a nuanced approach to interpreting the data but was also informative for assessing project success. Robust monitoring protocols are likely the best approach for producing convincing results through a single line of evidence. The additional BACI analyses performed for this study, however, allowed the modest sampling regime employed to generate a broad narrative demonstrating that the macroinvertebrate assemblage did not respond to this type of restoration. Thus, we believe the holistic approach we employed can strengthen assessments of stream restoration projects when resources for monitoring are limited.
Computational improvements to multi-scale geographically weighted regression

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has been broadly used in various fields to model spatially non-stationary relationships. Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) is a recent advancement to the classic GWR model. MGWR is superior in capturing multi-scale processes over the traditional single-scale GWR model by using different bandwidths for each covariate. However, the multiscale property of MGWR brings additional computation costs. The calibration process of MGWR involves iterative back-fitting under the additive model (AM) framework. Currently, MGWR can only be applied on small datasets within a tolerable time and is prohibitively time-consuming to run with moderately large datasets (greater than 5,000 observations). In this paper, we propose a parallel implementation that has crucial computational improvements to the MGWR calibration. This improved computational method reduces both memory footprint and runtime to allow MGWR modelling to be applied to moderate-to-large datasets (up to 100,000 observations). These improvements are integrated into the mgwr python package and the MGWR 2.0 software, both of which are freely available to download.
Spectrum Sensing in Interference and Noise Using Deep Learning

Wireless devices are ubiquitous and consequently the spectrum is congested. Dynamic spectrum access is becoming more widespread in unlicensed bands and as a means to allow secondary users white space in licensed bands. Spectrum sensing capabilities are the cornerstone of dynamic spectrum access. In this paper, the spectrum-sensing problem is transformed into an image recognition problem and machine learning is employed to distinguish between noise and the presence of a signal. An existing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), AlexNet, is repurposed to sense the spectrum for energy using only a small training set of a few hundred samples. The performance of the CNN detector is then compared to the performance of more traditional energy detection as well as other published results of machine learning used for signal detection. The CNN detector presented here surpasses the other machine learning methods for signal detection. The CNN detector does not require a measurement of the noise floor, which offers a significant improvement over the classic energy detector. The CNN detector also surpasses the performance of the energy detector in the presence of narrowband interference.
Mammal Molar Size Ratios and the Inhibitory Cascade at the Intraspecific Scale.

Mammalian molar crowns form a module in which measurements of size for individual teeth within a tooth row covary with one another. Molar crown size covariation is proposed to fit the inhibitory cascade model (ICM) or its variant the molar module component (MMC) model, but the inability of the former model to fit across biological scales is a concern in the few cases where it has been tested in Primates. The ICM has thus far failed to explain patterns of intraspecific variation, an intermediate biological scale, even though it explains patterns at both smaller organ-level and larger between-species biological scales. Studies of this topic in a much broader range of taxa are needed, but the properties of a sample appropriate for testing the ICM at the intraspecific level are unclear. Here, we assess intraspecific variation in relative molar sizes of the cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus, to further test the ICM and to develop recommendations for appropriate sampling protocols in future intraspecific studies of molar size variation across Mammalia. To develop these recommendations, we model the sensitivity of estimates of molar ratios to sample size and simulate the use of composite molar rows when complete ones are unavailable. Similar to past studies on primates, our results show that intraspecific variance structure of molar ratios within the rodent P. gossypinus does not meet predictions of the ICM or MMC. When we extend these analyses to include the MMC, one model does not fit observed patterns of variation better than the other. Standing variation in molar size ratios is relatively constant across mammalian samples containing all three molars. In future studies, analyzing average ratio values will require relatively small minimum sample sizes of two or more complete molar rows. Even composite-based estimates from four or more specimens per tooth position can accurately estimate mean molar ratios. Analyzing variance structure will require relatively large sample sizes of at least 40-50 complete specimens, and composite molar rows cannot accurately reconstruct variance structure of ratios in a sample. Based on these results, we propose guidelines for intraspecific studies of molar size covariation. In particular, we note that the suitability of composite specimens for averaging mean molar ratios is promising for the inclusion of isolated molars and incomplete molar rows from the fossil record in future studies of the evolution of molar modules, as long as variance structure is not a key component of such studies.
Party Ghosts and Queer Teen Wolves: Monster Prom and Resisting Heteronormativity in Dating Simulators

Visual novels occupy a space on the fringes of gaming. While many are sold on Steam, and several have been released on gaming platforms, most visual novels are promoted to enthusiasts or fans of connected properties (primarily anime). In this paper, we focus on the Western iterations of the queer dating simulator, a visual novel subgenre. The introduction of queer romances into a framework built for heteronormativity does not itself subvert that heteronormativity. Instead, it might simply enforce the same transactional mechanics and assumptions of queer relationships. The idea of monstrous romance is somewhat undermined by the skinny avatars and anime aesthetic that dominates Monster Prom’s visual experience. However, underneath that superficial resemblance to other dating simulators a more meaningful queering of play exists outside the limitations of the subgenre. The representational limitations of dating simulators are both mechanical and aesthetic: the visual expectations of anime, and the warping of bodies in favor of the hyperfeminine and super-skinny, create a space ill-suited to monsters or Other-marked bodies, broadly construed.
Tuning the topology of p -wave superconductivity in an analytically solvable two-band model

We introduce and solve a two-band model of spinless fermions with ${p}_{x}$-wave pairing on a square lattice. The model reduces to the well-known extended Harper-Hofstadter model with half-flux quanta per plaquette and weakly coupled Kitaev chains in two respective limits. We show that its phase diagram contains a topologically nontrivial weak pairing phase as well as a trivial strong pairing phase as the ratio of the pairing amplitude and hopping is tuned. Introducing periodic driving to the model, we observe a cascade of Floquet phases with well defined quasienergy gaps and featuring chiral Majorana edge modes at the zero or $\ensuremath{\pi}$ gap or both. Dynamical topological invariants are obtained to characterize each phase and to explain the emergence of edge modes in the anomalous phase where all the quasienergy bands have zero Chern number. The analytical solution is achieved by exploiting a generalized mirror symmetry of the model, so that the effective Hamiltonian is decomposed into that of spin-$1/2$ in magnetic field, and the loop unitary operator becomes spin rotations. We further show the dynamical invariants manifest as the Hopf linking numbers.
An interactive computer-aided detection software tool for quantitative estimation of intracerebral hemorrhage

Although volumetric assessment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) plays a key role for clinicians to make optimal treatment decisions and predict prognosis of ICH patients, qualitative assessment of neuroradiologists in reading brain CT images is not accurate and has large interreader variability. To overcome this clinical challenge, this study develops and tests a new interactive computer-aided detection (ICAD) tool to quantitatively assess hemorrhage volumes. A retrospectively assembled dataset including 200 patients with ICH was collected for this study. After loading each case, the ICAD tool first segments intracranial brain volume, performs CT labelling of each voxel, then contour-guided image-thresholding techniques based on CT Hounsfield Unit is used to estimate and segment hemorrhage-associated voxels (ICH). Next, two experienced neurology residents examine and corrects the markings of ICH categorized into either intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to obtain the true markings. Additionally, volumes and maximum two-dimensional diameter of each sub-type of hemorrhage were also computed for understanding ICH prognosis. The performance to segment hemorrhage regions between semi-automated ICAD and the verified neurology residents’ true markings was evaluated using dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Data analysis results show that median and [interquartile range] of DSC are 0.96 [0.91, 0.98], 0.97 [0.93, 0.99], 0.92 [0.83, 0.97] for ICH, IPH and IVH, respectively. Thus, this study demonstrates that the new ICAD tool enables to segment and quantify ICH and other hemorrhage volume with higher DSC, which has potential to quantify ICH in future clinical practice.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in a Community Sample of Transgender Youth.

This cross-sectional study of families with transgender children compares responses on anxiety and depression questionnaires from transgender youth, cisgender siblings of transgender children, and cisgender age-matched controls, as well as the parents of all 3 groups.
Incidence, risk factors, natural history and outcomes of heart failure in patients with Graves' disease.

OBJECTIVE Graves' disease (GD) can both aggravate pre-existing cardiac disease and cause de novo heart failure (HF), but large-scale studies are lacking. We aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of incident GD-related HF. METHODS Patients with GD (2009-2019) were retrospectively included. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was defined by left ventricular ejection fraction <50% and Framingham criteria, while HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was defined according to the HFA-PEFF criteria. HF due to ischaemia, valve disorder or other structural heart disease was excluded. Proportional hazards regression was used to analyse risk factors and outcomes. RESULTS Of 1371 patients with GD, HF occurred in 74 (5.4%) patients (31 (2.3%) HFrEF; 43 (3.1%) HFpEF). In HFrEF, atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR 10.5 (3.0-37.3), p<0.001) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) level (HR 1.05 (1.01-1.09) per unit, p=0.007) were independent risk factors. In HFpEF, the independent risk factors were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 7.2 (3.5-14.6), p<0.001), older age (HR 1.5 (1.2-2.0) per 10 years, p=0.001), overt hyperthyroidism (HR 6.4 (1.5-27.1), p=0.01), higher body mass index (BMI) (HR 1.07 (1.03-1.10) per unit, p=0.001) and hypertension (HR 3.1 (1.3-7.2), p=0.008). The risk of cardiovascular hospitalisations was higher in both HFrEF (HR 10.3 (5.5-19.4), p<0.001) and HFpEF (HR 6.7 (3.7-12.2), p<0.001). However, only HFrEF was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 5.17 (1.3-19.9), p=0.02) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (HR 64.3 (15.9-259.7), p<0.001). CONCLUSION De novo HF occurs in 5.4% of patients with GD and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality. Risk factors include AF, higher TRAb, higher BMI and overt hyperthyroidism.