cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Romantic Attitudes

Unlike most studies designed to identify dimensions of romantic love, manifestations of romantic love were derived from the subjects rather than from ad hoc considerations by the researchers. In a three-stage process, (a) items were obtained from subjects to form a preliminary scale, (b) a factor analysis of those items led to a revision of the scale, and (c) a readministration to a similar group followed by another factor analysis produced the third and final form of the scale. The final scale had five factors measured by ten items each: Togetherness, Expressions, Concern and Communication, Romancing, and Sensitivity and Spontaneity. No significant differences were found for either marital status or gender; however, significant differences were found among the means of the five factor scales.
Distribution and co-localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P in the cat medulla

Abstract This study demonstrates the co-existence of three neurochemicals in ventral medullary neurons of the cat utilizing fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P were identified within the rostrocaudal extent of the medulla, specifically within the raphe pallidus and raphe magnus and in the reticular formation of the ventrolateral medulla in the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis. Within the raphe pallidus the majority of 5-hydroxytroptamine-containing neurons were co-localized with thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P. However, in the raphe magnus the majority of stained neurons contained 5-hydroxytryptamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone but were devoid of substance P. In the ventrolateral medulla two major populations of neurons were identified rostral to the inferior olivary nuclei, one containing 5-hydroxytryptamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, while a more lateral group contained substance P alone. More caudally, at the level of the inferior olives, the majority of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells also displayed immunoreactivity for thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P. A consistent finding in both the ventromedial and ventrolateral regions of the medulla was a population of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells which did not stain for either thyrotropin-releasing hormone or substance P. The functional role of co-localized neurochemicals remains unknown but co-existence of neurotransmitter substances in medullary neurons may allow for specific and multiple actions in the spinal cord.
Cardiolipin-specific peroxidase reactions of cytochrome C in mitochondria during irradiation-induced apoptosis.

Purpose To determine whether cytochrome c (cyt c ) content and associated cardiolipin oxidation can be determinants of cell sensitivity to irradiation-induced apoptosis. Methods and Materials The small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was used to engineer HeLa cells with lowered contents of cyt c (14%, HeLa 1.2 cells). Cells were treated by γ-irradiation (in doses of 5–40 Gy). Lipid oxidation was characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis and fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography–based Amplex Red assay. Release of a proapoptotic factor (cyt c , Smac/DIABLO) was detected by Western blotting. Apoptosis was revealed by caspase-3/7 activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. Results Irradiation caused selective accumulation of hydroperoxides in cardiolipin (CL) but not in other phospholipids. HeLa 1.2 cells responded by a lower irradiation-induced accumulation of CL oxidation products than parental HeLa cells. Proportionally decreased release of a proapoptotic factor, Smac/DIABLO, was detected in cyt c -deficient cells after irradiation. Caspase-3/7 activation and phosphatidylserine externalization were proportional to the cyt c content in cells. Conclusions Cytochrome c is an important catalyst of CL peroxidation, critical to the execution of the apoptotic program. This new role of cyt c in irradiation-induced apoptosis is essential for the development of new radioprotectors and radiosensitizers.
Some rock mechanics problems in correlating laboratory results with prototype reactions

INTRODUCTION THE use of laboratory test results to predict the reaction of a rock massif encounters three major and inter-related obstacles. The first of these is the frequent reluctance of the user to recognize and accept the fact that rock is a heterogeneous material. It seldom is isotropic; it very often reacts as an anelastic medium ; it rarely occurs as a continuous medium. And, all too frequently the rock in situ may have natural stresses that cannot be quantitatively examined and thus cannot be simulated in the laboratory. The second major obstacle is that as yet we have no way to quantitatively assess the influence of gross geological defects such as faults, joints, fractures, folds, etc. Thus, we are unable to simulate their effects in laboratory testing. The third hurdle we face is the present lack of empirical data on the reaction of rock under a prototype load. We seldom design for failure as we try to introduce conservative safety factors when using laboratory data for design purposes. Thus, we seldom acquire quantitative information on prototype reactions. In other words, unless the prototype actually fails, its deformation may be too slight to be noticed unless proper instrumentation has been installed and a continuous record maintained of the prototype reaction. In my research on underground civil engineering structures, I found that such instrumentation was installed only on the following projects: Tumut-1 and Tumut-2 power stations in Australia, Poatina Power Station in Australia, Picote power station in Portugal, Clear Creek Tunnel in the United States, and a few scattered arch and gravity dams in the United States and Portugal. However, even if the data from these few projects disclosed good correlation between predictions based on laboratory test results and the actual rock reactions to the prototype load--and they do not f rom a statistical viewpoint it would appear that this is much too small a sample to be used for derivation of an accurate correlation procedure.
Synthesis and structure of 1,2-[Mo2R2(η2-ButNCR)4] (R CH2SiMe3): insertion of ButNC into dimolybdenum alkyl bonds without rupture of the metal-metal triple bond

Abstract The dimolybdenum hexa-alkyl compound [Mo2(CH2 SiMe3)6] reacts rapidly with ⩾four equivalents of ButNC in hydrocarbon solvents to produce the η2-iminoacyl compound 1,2-[Mo2R2(η2-ButNCR)4] (1; R  CH2SiMe3). The solid-state structure of 1 consists of two five-coordinate molybdenum atoms connected by an unbridged metal-metal triple bond, d(MoMo) 2.2581(8) A. Each molybdenum atom is bonded to the carbon and nitrogen atoms of two iminoacyl groups as well as the carbon atom of an MoCH2 SiMe3 group. The environment about each metal centre is best described as pentagonal planar with the iminoacyl carbon atoms mutually cis. The spectroscopic data of 1 indicate that the iminoacyl groups remain η2-bound in solution, while metal-metal bond rotation is facile. Compound 1 does not react further with ButNC or CO (1 atm) at 25°C, but at temperatures above 50°C the compound undergoes thermolysis to produce unidentified products.
Ammodytes immaculatus, a new species of sand-eel found in European seas.

A POST-LARVAL sand-eel with a mean vertebral number of 72.0 occurs commonly in the macro-plankton of the Celtic Sea and Plymouth area. Described as Ammodytes species IV, it was not attributable to a known adult, and the existence of another species of the family Ammodytidae was in consequence anticipated1. An adult Ammodytes with a corresponding vertebral number has recently been identified in the Plymouth area. In appearance it is very similar to Ammodytes lanceolatus Lesauvage 1825, with a pair of vomerine ‘teeth’ in the adult and a non-protrusible upper jaw. The vertebral number of this adult and of the post-larval Ammodytes species IV is widely separated from that of the true A. lanceolatus from this and other areas.
A single-stage supply chain system controlled by kanban under just-in-time philosophy

The production system using kanban was pioneered by Toyota Motor Company in Japan and subsequently it was adopted by numerous other Japanese and US companies for applying the just-in-time manufacturing principles. This research studies a single-stage supply chain system that is controlled by kanban mechanism. The supply chain system is modelled as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. It is solved optimally by branch-and-bound method to determine the number of kanbans, batch size, number of batches, and the total quantity over one period. Meanwhile, the kanban operation between two adjacent plants is worked out considering the factors of loading and unloading time, and transport time. Coupled with plant-wide efforts for cost control and management commitment to enhance other measures of performance, a logistics system for controlling the production as well as the supply chain system is developed, which results in minimizing the total cost of the supply chain system. The results show that the improvements in reduction of inventory, wasted labour, and customer service in a supply chain are accomplished through the kanban mechanism.
A 56 million year rhythm in North American sedimentation during the Phanerozoic

Abstract Long-term (> 10 Myr) fluctuations in climate, sea-level and sedimentation have been documented in the stratigraphic record, but the lack of well-constrained data series has made it difficult to rigorously evaluate cyclic (periodic or quasi-periodic) changes at this scale. Here we utilize a new compilation of the coverage area of sedimentary rocks in North America to investigate the dominant modes (“orders”) of stratigraphic variability, and to evaluate potential long-period cyclic changes in sedimentation on the continent during the Phanerozoic. Our analysis resolves two principal temporal modes of variability: (1) a strongly sinusoidal mode with a periodicity of 56 Myr +/− 3 Myr, and (2) a longer-term Phanerozoic mode (the “M-curve”, linked to the Wilson cycle), which is indistinguishable from a stochastic autoregressive process. The newly identified 56 Myr cycle in sedimentation delineates most of the cratonic sequences that have previously been identified qualitatively in North America, but here we propose a quantitative redefinition that includes nine distinct units and two mega-sequences. The timing of the 56 Myr beat in sedimentation is consistent with an orogenic oscillator source or an oscillatory dynamic in mantle convection, and its tempo is statistically similar to a known rhythm in number of marine animal genera in the global fossil record. Thus, the identification of a significant periodic signal in the sedimentary record of North America provides new evidence for an important tectonic- and/or mantle-scale cyclic process that links both large-scale biological evolution and physical environmental change.
Use of asymptotic relations to correlate mass transfer data in packed beds

The effect of Reynolds number, Grashof number and Schmidt number on mass transfer rates in packed beds is not yet established. It is suggested that an improved method for interpreting mass transfer results is to determine asymptotic relations for different ranges of variables. This approach is illustrated by presenting results of a study of mass transfer to one of the spheres in a close packed cubic array of spheres at Sc ≅ 1600. For pure laminar natural convection it is shown that For forced convection at low Reynolds numbers and for large Pe, For forced convection at Reynolds numbers close to the transition to unsteady flow (Rec = 90–120),
Thermo-optic, thermo-mechanical, and electromagnetic effects in IR windows and domes, and the rationale for GaAs, GaP, and diamond

Electro-optical (EO) systems, the platforms they perform on, and their missions continue to place increasing requirements on the infrared windows and domes associated with these systems. Supersonic flight, observability, EMI shielding, sensor range, multispectral sensors, environmental degradation resistance (sand and rain erosion resistance), and affordability are some of the requirements that are rendering most current IR window and dome technologies inadequate. Texas Instruments (TI), through both IRD slower missiles could use ZnS, GaAs, and possibly GaP. For Mach 3 or greater missile systems with IR sensors operating in the 3- to 5-micrometers range, GaP is the most promising material, with its higher thermal shock resistance and lower absorption and, therefore, lower emission at elevated temperatures at 3 to 5 micrometers than sapphire, spinel, yttria, ALON, Si or ZnS. For multispectral use (3 to 5 and 8 to 12 micrometers ) at supersonic speeds, GaP and multispectral ZnS are the candidates; low supersonic use could include GaAs; and subsonic use could include ZnSe. For IR windows and domes where EMI shielding is required, GaAs offers the highest shielding of any window with or without metal grids. Si, Ge, and GaP offer bulk electrical conductivity like GaAs, but, because of the intrinsic behavior of the carriers, cannot offer the same level of shielding. Durability is a growing concern on all IR windows and domes. Various coatings for rain and sand erosion including diamond, BP, and TI GaP, amorphous carbon and novel Ti IR polymers are discussed.
Laser-stimulated atomic migration

The effects of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and of infrared (IR) absorption on the scattering at defects leading to atomic migration in solids is evaluated in detail for certain systems. \DeltaE/kT \approx \sum u_{ic}^{2}/\langleu_{i}u_{i}\rangle , where \DeltaE is the activation energy, u ic is the many-body critical displacement in a migration event, and \langleu_{i}u_{i}\rangle is the equal-time correlation function including anharmonic terms. Using the equal-time correlation for the defect lattice in the harmonic approximation, we get \DeltaE/kT_{eff} \propto 1/\sum h[2(n_{s} + n_{e}) + 1] where T eff includes both n e and n s the externally and thermally excited phonon numbers, respectively. The phonon rate density required for an observable effect of SRS or IR absorption on diffusion in solids is n_{e}^{(c)}c_{s}/V \approx 10^{26} - 10^{27} phonons/s.cm2, where n_{e}^{(c)} is a critical number of high wave-vector laser-stimulated phonons, c s , is the sound velocity, and V, the volume per atom. In KCI at 110 K, theory shows that n_{e} = 0.2 can produce a factor of 10 effect on the reorientation of Na:F A centers. Anharmonic effects on \langleu_{i}u_{i}\rangle were calculated and numerical estimates indicate that they would be experimentally observable for large n e . It is found that some of the effects reported here probably contribute, in part, to the permanent damage tracks caused by high-power laser beams in solids and provide an internal source for the initiation of microcracks. In addition, the direction of the stimulated phonon wave vector is shown to produce a directional effect in the control of atomic migration.
Treatment Efficacy: Stuttering

The purpose of this article is to review the state of the art regarding treatment efficacy for stuttering in children, teenagers, and adults. Available evidence makes it apparent that individuals who stutter benefit from the services of speech-language pathologists, but it is also apparent that determining the outcome of stuttering treatment is neither easy nor simple. Whereas considerable research has documented the positive influence of treatment on stuttering frequency and behavior, far less attention has been paid to the effects of treatment on the daily life activities of people who stutter and their families. Although it seems reasonable to assume that ameliorating the disability of stuttering lessens the handicap of stuttering, considerably more evidence is needed to confirm this assumption. Despite such concerns, it also seems reasonable to suggest that the outcomes of treatment for many people who stutter are positive and should become increasingly so with advances in applied as well as basic research.
Quantification of mass flow effects in capillary SFC

A model for restrictor flow produces accurate predictions of flow that can be used to optimize restrictor design. The relative amplitudes of restrictor and other flows and their effect on efficiency are discussed.
P32.07: Peripheral vascular Doppler pulsatility indices (PI) in normal fetuses across gestation

37.4 ± 3.5 vs 38.4 ± 1.8 (P = 0.006); rate of preterm birth < 34 wks: 11 cases vs 4 cases (P < 0.001); SGA: 32 cases vs 17 cases (P < 0.001). At the logistic regression the abnormal UtA was the only variable significantly releated with adverse outcome. An abnormal UtA Doppler is significantly related to PE, preterm birth below 34 weeks and rate of newborns SGA. At the logistic regression the abnormal UtA Doppler remained the only variable statistically releated with severe pregnancy complications. The PPV of the method is 61% with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 82%. Conclusions: Unless these results are unsatisfactory for a screening test this method permain an useful predicting test if compared with the only previous clinical history (10%); in fact patients with an abnormal test have a risk to develop severe complications of pregnancy 6 times higher than patients with a normal Doppler.
Retroaldol reactions of β-hydroxy-α-phenylsulfenyl cyclohexanone derivatives☆

Abstract Upon treatment with strong bases β-hydroxy-α-phenylsulfenyl cyclohexanone derivatives undergo retroaldol reactions to give open-chain keto (or aldehydo) enolates which can be trapped with electrophilic or nucleophilic reagents.
Advances towards high‐resolution pack‐and‐go displays: A survey

— Tiled displays provide high resolution and large scale simultaneously. Projectors can project on any available surface. Thus, it is possible to create a large high-resolution display by simply tiling multiple projectors on any available regular surface. The tremendous advancement in projection technology has made projectors portable and affordable. One can envision displays made of multiple such projectors that can be packed in one's car trunk, carried from one location to another, deployed at each location easily to create a seamless high-resolution display, and, finally, dismantled in minutes to be taken to the next location — essentially a pack-and-go display. Several challenges must be overcome in order to realize such pack-and-go displays. These include allowing for imperfect uncalibrated devices, uneven non-diffused display surfaces, and a layman user via complete automation in deployment that requires no user invention. We described the advances we have made in addressing these challenges for the most common case of planar display surfaces. First, we present a technique to allow imperfect projectors. Next, we present a technique to allow a photometrically uncalibrated camera. Finally, we present a novel distributed architecture that renders critical display capabilities such as self-calibration, scalability, and reconfigurability without any user intervention. These advances are important milestones towards the development of easy-to-use multi-projector displays that can be deployed anywhere and by anyone.
Repair of spinal cord injury with neuronal relays: From fetal grafts to neural stem cells

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the long axonal tracts of the spinal cord leading to devastating loss of function. Cell transplantation in the injured spinal cord has the potential to lead to recovery after SCI via a variety of mechanisms. One such strategy is the formation of neuronal relays between injured long tract axons and denervated neurons. The idea of creating a neuronal relay was first proposed over 25 years ago when fetal tissue was first successfully transplanted into the injured rodent spinal cord. Advances in labeling of grafted cells and the development of neural stem cell culturing techniques have improved the ability to create and refine such relays. Several recent studies have examined the ability to create a novel neuronal circuit between injured axons and denervated targets. This approach is an alternative to long-distance regeneration of damaged axons that may provide a meaningful degree of recovery without direct recreation of lost pathways. This brief review will examine the contribution of fetal grafting to current advances in neuronal grafting. Of particular interest will be the ability of transplanted neurons derived from fetal grafts, neural precursor cells and neural stem cells to reconnect long distance motor and sensory pathways of the injured spinal cord. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
The speciation of silver nanoparticles in antimicrobial fabric before and after exposure to a hypochlorite/detergent solution.

Because of their antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles are often used in consumer products. To assess environmental and/or human health risks from these nanoparticles, there is a need to identify the chemical transformations that silver nanoparticles undergo in different environments. Thus an antimicrobial sock material containing Ag nanoparticles was examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy to identify the speciation of Ag. The material was exposed to a hypochlorite/detergent solution and subjected to agitation. An elemental Ag nanopowder was also exposed to the hypochlorite/detergent solution or to a 1 mol L{sup -1} NaCl solution. Results showed that the sock material nanoparticles consisted of elemental Ag. After exposure to the hypochlorite/detergent solution, a significant portion (more than 50%) of the sock nanoparticles were converted, in situ, to AgCl. Results from exposures to elemental Ag nanopowder suggest that an oxidation step is necessary for the elemental Ag nanoparticles to transform into AgCl as there was no evidence of AgCl formation in the presence of chloride alone. As a result, if Ag ions leach from consumer products, any chloride present may quickly scavenge the ions. In addition, the efficacy of Ag, as an antimicrobial agent in fabrics, may be limited, or even negated, after washing inmore » solutions containing oxidizers as AgCl is much less reactive than Ag ion.« less
SPATIOTEMPORAL RESPONSES OF THE VISUAL SYSTEMIN DEMYELINATING DISEASES

Previous studies have shown that, in patients with lesions of the visual pathway, contrast sensitivity (CS) measured with stationary sine-wave gratings can demonstrate deficits, that is, anomalies in pattern detection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether temporal processing can be affected in demyelinating lesions of the visual pathway. CS was measured for eight spatial frequencies (SF), using stationary and temporally modulated stimuli in a group of 10 patients with multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. A control group was composed of 48 normal eyes. With stationary stimuli, CS losses were found in 17 eyes of patients; 11 of these eyes were ‘unaffected’. The importance of the CS measurements in detecting early subclinical visual damage is emphasized. The effect of temporal modulation in patients with CS deficits was different from that observed in normals: CS deficits were modified by temporal variation in three distinct manners. In 7 eyes (type 1 effect), temporal modulation reduced the deficit at all SFs. In type 2 (5 eyes), the effect was reversed at low and high SFs: the deficit was reduced at low SFs (below 2–3 cycles/deg) and aggravated at high SFs. In type 3 (4 eyes), CS deficit was aggravated over most SFs. Thus these patients exhibited anomalies of the spatiotemporal responses which could not be predicted by the CS to stationary stimuli. Some theoretical models of spatiotemporal processing proposed in normal vision might account for our results. Possible explanations of these findings are proposed and discussed.
Isolation of viral RNA using cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium sedimentation

Abstract The effect of ethidium bromide (EB) on the buoyant density of reovirus RNA during equilibrium sedimentation has been investigated. The addition of the dye ethidium bromide was found to reduce the buoyant density of reovirus RNA in a Cs2SO4 gradient by a value of 0.13 to 0.15 g/cc, and provided a separation limit of 0.10 g/cc relative to the ϱ of marker DNA. Ethidium bromide was found also to reduce the ϱ of reovirus RNA to allow this RNA to band on a CsCl gradient. The separation factor between DNA and RNA on a CsCl-EB gradient was found to be 0.23 g/cc, indicating this type of gradient to be highly effective for separating the two types of polynucleotides.
Connection between neutral pion decay and proton Compton scattering

The inclusion of the single-pion intermediate state significantly improves the agreement between theory and experiment for proton Compton scattering. Excitation functions and angular distributions for various assumed values of the π0 lifetime are presented. On this basis one may definitely exclude π0 lifetimes > 10^(-16) sec or < 5×10^(-19) sec.
A new dynamic voting algorithm for distributed database systems

We consider the problem of keeping a distributed database system that has been partitioned because of site or communication link failures partially operable while ensuring data consistency. A dynamic-voting-consistency algorithm is proposed, and its correctness is demonstrated. The proposed algorithm results in improved efficiency in executing read requests by not requiring a read quorum. This algorithm is effective in environments where the majority of user requests are "read" types of requests. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm results in efficient recovery by avoiding updating those data objects that are still current. Under the proposed algorithm, the majority partition would be available even if changes in the network topology take place at a higher rate than the update rate, as long as only simple partitioning takes place. >
Addressing the Challenges of Aggregational and Temporal Ontological Heterogeneity

In this paper, we first identify semantic heterogeneities that, when not resolved, often cause serious data quality problems. We discuss the especially challenging problems of temporal and aggregational ontological heterogeneity, which concerns how complex entities and their relationships are aggregated and reinterpreted over time. Then we illustrate how the COntext INterchange (COIN) technology can be used to capture data semantics and reconcile semantic heterogeneities in a scalable manner, thereby improving data quality.
An Interesting Case of Life-Threatening Hypercalcemia Secondary to Atypical Parathyroid Adenoma versus Parathyroid Carcinoma

Context. Severe hypercalcemia is a life-threatening condition. Atypical parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinomas are uncommon causes which can be difficult to differentiate. Objective. We report a case of a 36-year-old male with very high serum calcium due to a possible atypical parathyroid adenoma versus parathyroid carcinoma. Case Illustration. A serum calcium level of 23.2 mg/dl was noted on admission. He was initially treated with IV hydration, pamidronate, and salmon calcitonin to lower his calcium levels. He also underwent a surgical en bloc resection of parathyroid mass. Pathology showed a mixed picture consistent with possible atypical adenoma versus parathyroid carcinoma. However, due to the possible involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, parathyroid carcinoma was more likely. Also after operation the patient developed hungry bones syndrome and his calcium was replaced vigorously. He continues to be on calcium, vitamin D, and calcitriol supplementation. Results. A review of the literature was conducted to identify previous studies pertaining to parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid cancer. Conclusion. We thereby conclude that hypercalcemia requires very careful monitoring especially after operation. Also it can be very difficult to distinguish between atypical parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid carcinomas as in our case and no clear cut guidelines yet exist to differentiate the two based on histology.
The Egg Industry in the 1970's

(1970). The Egg Industry in the 1970's. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 805-807.
Optical microlithography on oblique and multiplane surfaces using diffractive phase masks

Micropatterning on oblique and multiplane surfaces remains a challenge in microelectronics, microelectromechanics, and photonics industries. We describe the use of numerically optimized diffractive phase masks to project microscale patterns onto photoresist-coated oblique and multiplane surfaces. Intriguingly, we were able to pattern a surface at 90 deg to the phase mask, which suggests the potential of our technique to pattern onto surfaces of extreme curvature. Further studies show that mask fabrication error of below 40-nm suffices to conserve pattern fidelity. A resolution of 3 μm and a depth-of-focus of 55 μm are essentially dictated by the design parameters, the mask generation tool, and the exposure system. The presented method can be readily extended for simple and inexpensive three-dimensional micropatterning.
Anti-malarial drug development using models of enzyme structure

Abstract Background : The trophozoite stage of the malaria parasite infects red blood cells. During this phase of their lifecycle, the parasites use hemoglobin as their principal source of amino acids, using a cysteine protease to degrade it. We have previously reported a three-dimensional model of this cysteine protease, based on the structures of homologous proteases, and the use of the program DOCK to identify a ligand for the malaria protease. Results : Here we describe the design of improved ligands starting from this lead. Ligand design was based on the predicted configuration of the lead compound docked to the model three-dimensional structure of the protease. The lead compound has an IC 50 of 6 μM, and our design/synthesis strategy has resulted in increasingly potent derivatives that block the ability of the parasites to infect and/or mature in red blood cells. The two best derivatives to date have IC 50 s of 450 nM and 150 nM. Conclusions : A new class of anti-malarial chemotherapeutics has resulted from a computational search that was based on a model of the target protease. Despite the lack of a detailed experimental structure of the target enzyme or the enzyme-inhibitor complex, we have been able to identify compounds with increased potency. These compounds approach the activity of chloroquine (IC 50 = 20 nM), but have a distinct mechanism of action. This series of compounds could thus lead to new therapies for chloroquine-resistant malaria.
High-performance single-crystalline arsenic-doped indium oxide nanowires for transparent thin-film transistors and active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays.

We report high-performance arsenic (As)-doped indium oxide (In2O3) nanowires for transparent electronics, including their implementation in transparent thin-film transistors (TTFTs) and transparent active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The As-doped In2O3 nanowires were synthesized using a laser ablation process and then fabricated into TTFTs with indium−tin oxide (ITO) as the source, drain, and gate electrodes. The nanowire TTFTs on glass substrates exhibit very high device mobilities (∼1490 cm2 V−1 s−1), current on/off ratios (5.7 × 106), steep subthreshold slopes (88 mV/dec), and a saturation current of 60 μA for a single nanowire. By using a self-assembled nanodielectric (SAND) as the gate dielectric, the device mobilities and saturation current can be further improved up to 2560 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 160 μA, respectively. All devices exhibit good optical transparency (∼81% on average) in the visible spectral range. In addition, the nanowire TTFTs were utilized to control green OLEDs ...
Do Assimilated Drifter Velocities Improve Lagrangian Predictability in an Operational Ocean Model

The Lagrangian predictability of general circulation models is limited by the need for high-resolution data streams to constrain small-scale dynamical features. Here velocity observations from Lagrangian drifters deployedintheGulfofMexicoduringthesummer2012GrandLagrangianDeployment(GLAD)experiment are assimilated into the Naval Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) 4D variational (4DVAR) analysis system to examine their impact on Lagrangian predictability. NCOM-4DVAR is a weak-constraint assimilation system using the indirect representer method. Velocities derived from drifter trajectories, as well as satellite and in situ observations, are assimilated. Lagrangian forecast skill is assessed using separation distance and angular differences between simulated and observed trajectory positions. Results show that assimilating drifter velocities substantially improvesthe model forecast shape and position of a Loop Currentring. These gains in mesoscale Eulerian forecast skill also improve Lagrangian forecasts, reducing the growth rate of separation distances between observed and simulated drifters by approximately 7.3kmday 21 on average, when compared with forecasts that assimilate only temperature and salinity observations. Trajectory angular differences are also reduced.
Modified-DES encryption algorithm with improved BER performance in wireless communication

Due to the fact that wireless channels are an open medium to intruders and their attacks, encryption is a vital process to assure security over these channels. However, using well-known encryption algorithms to encrypt data in wireless communication will result in a catastrophic error due to the avalanche effect, which is implemented in these algorithms to assure security. Although this effect is desirable to assure security, these algorithms do not take into account the bit error characteristics of the wireless channel. Therefore, if an error occurs in the encrypted data over the channel, the decryption process at the receiver will result in half the original bits to be in error due to the avalanche effect. So the need for a new secure encryption algorithm that takes into account the bit error characteristics of wireless channels becomes necessary. In this paper, we propose a modification to the Data Encryption Standard (DES) to make it secure and prone to the bit errors caused by the wireless channel. We observe that using the modified algorithm in wireless channels, improves the bit error rate (BER) performance as well as security compared to DES.
Induction of complement proteins in a mouse model for cerebral microvascular Aβ deposition

The deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in cerebral vasculature, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is a common pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. In familial forms of CAA single mutations in the Aβ peptide have been linked to the increase of vascular Aβ deposits accompanied by a strong localized activation of glial cells and elevated expression of neuroinflammatory mediators including complement proteins. We have developed human amyloid-β precursor protein transgenic mice harboring two CAA Aβ mutations (Dutch E693Q and Iowa D694N) that mimic the prevalent cerebral microvascular Aβ deposition observed in those patients, and the Swedish mutations (K670N/M671L) to increase Aβ production. In these Tg-SwDI mice, we have reported predominant fibrillar Aβ along microvessels in the thalamic region and diffuse plaques in cortical region. Concurrently, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes have been detected primarily in association with fibrillar cerebral microvascular Aβ in this model. Here we show that three native complement components in classical and alternative complement pathways, C1q, C3, and C4, are elevated in Tg-SwDI mice in regions rich in fibrillar microvascular Aβ. Immunohistochemical staining of all three proteins was increased in thalamus, hippocampus, and subiculum, but not frontal cortex. Western blot analysis showed significant increases of all three proteins in the thalamic region (with hippocampus) as well as the cortical region, except C3 that was below detection level in cortex. Also, in the thalamic region (with hippocampus), C1q and C3 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated. These complement proteins appeared to be expressed largely by activated microglial cells associated with the fibrillar microvascular Aβ deposits. Our findings demonstrate that Tg-SwDI mice exhibit elevated complement protein expression in response to fibrillar vascular Aβ deposition that is observed in patients with familial CAA.
Longitudinal Effects of Manual English Instruction on Deaf Children's Morphological Skills.

This study examined the imitation, comprehension, and production of twelve morphological features by groups of deaf subjects who were instructed through manually coded English. Their performances were compared with those of hearing subjects and also with their own follow-up scores from three years later. Results showed early deficits in the English skills of deaf subjects but steady improvement of scores on all tasks over time. Initially, subjects’ age predicted only imitation performance while time in an MCE program predicted production performance in addition to imitation. But neither age nor time in program was a significant predictor of any performance at the time of follow-up. Implications for intervention with manual English codes are discussed.
The United States of Africa: A Revisit

Pan-Africanism was developed over the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to combat the political subjugation of black people and the vestiges of slavery. Its founding belief is that black peoples share common cultures, problems, and objectives. It was, therefore, imperative for blacks to unite to achieve their objectives. On the African continent, Pan-Africanism became the rallying cry for the struggle for independence from colonial rule. In 1963, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established to advance the cause of Pan-Africanism. However, the organization steadily lost credibility and relevance. It was eventually dissolved in 2001. Its replacement, the African Union (AU), is scarcely better. It became hobbled by political intrigues, inflated egos, and personality clashes among its leaders. Nonetheless, the rationale for a united Africa remains strong today. A much better approach lies in configuring a larger African polity in consonance with Africa’s own indigenous heritage. As such...
Cellular Redistribution of Inducible Hsp70 Protein in the Human and Rabbit Heart in Response to the Stress of Chronic Hypoxia: ROLE OF PROTEIN KINASES

Many infants who undergo cardiac surgery have a congenital cyanotic defect where the heart is chronically perfused with hypoxemic blood. Infant hearts adapt to chronic hypoxemia by activation of intracellular protein kinase signal transduction pathways. However, the involvement of heat shock protein 70 in adaptation to chronic hypoxemia and its role in protein kinase signaling pathways is unknown. We determined expression of message and subcellular protein distribution for inducible (Hsp70i) and constitutive heat shock protein 70 (Hsc70) in chronically hypoxic and normoxic infant human and rabbit hearts and their relationship to protein kinases. In chronically hypoxic human and rabbit hearts message levels for Hsp70i were elevated 4- to 5-fold compared with normoxic hearts, Hsp70i protein was redistributed from the particulate to the cytosolic fraction. In normoxic infants Hsp70i protein was distributed almost equally between the cytosolic and particulate fractions. Hsc70 message and subcellular distribution of Hsc70 protein were unaffected by chronic hypoxia. We then determined if protein kinases influence Hsp70i protein subcellular distribution. In rabbit hearts SB203580 and chelerythrine reduced Hsp70i message levels, whereas SB203580, chelerythrine, and curcumin reversed the subcellular redistribution of Hsp70i protein caused by chronic hypoxia, with no effect in normoxic hearts, indicating regulation of Hsp70i message and subcellular distribution of Hsp70i protein in chronically hypoxic rabbit hearts is influenced by protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinases, specifically p38 MAPK and JNK. We conclude the Hsp70 signal transduction pathway plays an important role in adaptation of infant human and rabbit hearts to chronic hypoxemia.
L/K X-RAY INTENSITY RATIO IN THE DECAY OF Tl$sup 204$ AND L-SHELL FLORESCENCE YIELDS OF Hg

The Hg $\frac{L}{K}$ x-ray intensity ratio in the decay of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{204}$ has been determined with proportional and scintillation counters, using Ag $K$ x rays for intercomparison of detector efficiencies. Beta rays were stopped before they entered the detectors. The shape of the bremsstrahlung spectrum under the x-ray peaks was determined with ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{36}$ beta rays. The result is $\frac{{I}_{L}}{{I}_{K}}=0.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$. The mean $L$ fluorescence yield of Hg following electron-capture decay of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{204}$ then is ${\overline{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{L}=0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$, if the $\frac{L}{K}$ capture ratio is 0.42 as measured by Joshi and by Leutz and Ziegler. The partial $L$-shell fluorescence yield of Hg following ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ x-ray emission was measured as ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{KL}}=0.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ from $K$ and $L$ x-ray coincidences. The partial $L$-shell fluorescence yield of Hg following $L$ capture only of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{204}$ is ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LL}}=0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$, as determined by the same method.
The relationship between the dielectric constant and water‐vapor accessibility of cellulose

The relationship between the water-vapor accessibility of cellulose and its dielectric constant at 10,000 cycles per second and 30°C. has been examined. Six different celluloses were studied. These included a cotton linters, a hydrolyzed cellulose, two regenerated celluloses, and two bleached wood pulps. In the accessibility range between 35 and 85%, the relationship appears to be very nearly linear. The maximum deviation of the experimental dielectric constant values from the least squares regression line is 0.1. Extrapolation of this relationship indicates that the dielectric constant of accessible cellulose is about 9, while that of inaccessible cellulose is about 4. The dielectric constant of the cellulose can then be thought of as that of a two-component system, one component the accessible fraction and the other the inaccessible fraction. A slight increase in the dielectric constant of cellulose was brought about by drying the cellulose by a solvent replacement method rather than from water. This increase could be explained by density changes in the cellulose.
The evolution of the boundaryless career concept: Examining physical and psychological mobility

Abstract Although there has been increased interest in the boundaryless career since the publication of Arthur and Rousseau’s book (1996) , there is still some misunderstanding about what the concept means. This article examines the boundaryless career and presents a model that attempts to visually capture Arthur and Rousseau’s suggestion that the concept involves six underlying meanings. Rather than considering whether or not an individual has a boundaryless career, the model focuses on the degree of mobility reflected in a career along two continua: one psychological, one physical. Based on the model, we suggest five propositions and a series of directions for future research.
Context-dependent sequential effects of target selection for action

Humans exhibit variation in behavior from moment to moment even when performing a simple, repetitive task. Errors are typically followed by cautious responses, minimizing subsequent distractor interference. However, less is known about how variation in the execution of an ultimately correct response affects subsequent behavior. We asked participants to reach toward a uniquely colored target presented among distractors and created two categories to describe participants' responses in correct trials based on analyses of movement trajectories; partial errors referred to trials in which observers initially selected a nontarget for action before redirecting the movement and accurately pointing to the target, and direct movements referred to trials in which the target was directly selected for action. We found that latency to initiate a hand movement was shorter in trials following partial errors compared to trials following direct movements. Furthermore, when the target and distractor colors were repeated, movement time and reach movement curvature toward distractors were greater following partial errors compared to direct movements. Finally, when the colors were repeated, partial errors were more frequent than direct movements following partial-error trials, and direct movements were more frequent following direct-movement trials. The dependence of these latter effects on repeated-task context indicates the involvement of higher-level cognitive mechanisms in an integrated attention-action system in which execution of a partial-error or direct-movement response affects memory representations that bias performance in subsequent trials. Altogether, these results demonstrate that whether a nontarget is selected for action or not has a measurable impact on subsequent behavior.
Common metrics for human-robot interaction

This paper describes an effort to identify common metrics for task-oriented human-robot interaction (HRI). We begin by discussing the need for a toolkit of HRI metrics. We then describe the framework of our work and identify important biasing factors that must be taken into consideration. Finally, we present suggested common metrics for standardization and a case study. Preparation of a larger, more detailed toolkit is in progress.
Orthogonal Neural Network for Nonlinearities Reduction of Multicarrier Transmitters

An orthogonal neural network with Hermite activation function to reduce nonlinear distortion introduced by a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) over a Multicarrier Transmitter is proposed. The neural network has the fixed input weights and only linear output weights are estimated using the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse method. Computer simulation results show that proposed neural network achieves excellent performance in nonlinearities reduction caused by TWTA. In addition, proposed scheme has a low complexity and fast convergence speed.
Dynamics of Insulin Release by Perfused Rat Pancreases: Effects of Hypophysectomy, Growth Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Hydrocortisone

The dynamics of glucose-induced insulin secretion, by pancreases from hypophysectomized rats, was studied by use of the isolated perfused pancreas. Although glucose-induced insulin release by these pancreases was found to be diphasic, the release pattern was quite different from the normal diphasic secretory pattern. The early phase of insulin release was extremely reduced (about a 70% depression), and the second secretory phase was also attenuated (about 30%). The first phase of release was fully depressed one week post hypophysectomy, but the second phase was not maximally depressed until later. Growth hormone treatment (daily, beginning 14 days prior to perfusion) of hypophysectomized rats reestablished the secondary release phase, but had no effect on the first phase. Conversely, either ACTH or hydrocortisone treatment successfully reestablished both phases of secretion. From these data it was concluded that growth hormone reestablished the second phase by a mechanism different from that of ACTH or hy...