cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
You've got mail: rehabilitation nurses on the RehabNurse-L LISTSERV.

Abstract Rehabilitation nursing is a specialty with its own values, beliefs, practice, and language. Nurses are socialized to a specialty through their work interactions, professional readings, and professional affiliations. In this new millennium, nurses can communicate beyond their immediate environment with peers around the world through e-mail discussion groups (e.g., LISTSERV). The Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) created the RehabNurse-L LISTSERV in May 1999 to provide a vehicle for nurses to network with colleagues worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the communications posted on that LISTSERV in an 18-month period to identify the discussion topics and the demographics of the 475 people who became members of the LISTSERV simply by logging onto the site. Of that number, 318 posted some type of communication--whether it be a comment or a question or a response to a previously-asked question. Members were from Australia, Canada, Finland, Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Topics discussed included professional and clinical issues, disability and impairment, administration and regulation, cultural and international issues, and LISTSERV housekeeping issues. LISTSERV provides quick access to peers, an avenue for information sharing, and a unique support system--all of which offer many potential benefits to professional nurses in their daily practice.
Interactive multimedia explanation for equipment maintenance and repair

We are developing COMET, an interactive system that generates multimedia explanations of how to operate, maintain, and repair equipment. Our research stresses the dynamic generation of the content and form of all material presented, addressing issues in the generation of text and graphics, and in coordinating text and graphics in an integrated presentation.
Integrins, insulin like growth factors, and the skeletal response to load.

Bone loss during skeletal unloading, whether due to neurotrauma resulting in paralysis or prolonged immobilization due to a variety of medical illnesses, accelerates bone loss. In this review the evidence that skeletal unloading leads to bone loss, at least in part, due to disrupted insulin like growth factor (IGF) signaling, resulting in reduced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, will be examined. The mechanism underlying this disruption in IGF signaling appears to involve integrins, the expression of which is reduced during skeletal unloading. Integrins play an important, albeit not well defined, role in facilitating signaling not only by IGF but also by other growth factors. However, the interaction between selected integrins such as αυβ3 and β1 integrins and the IGF receptor are of especial importance with respect to the ability of bone to respond to mechanical load. Disruption of this interaction blocks IGF signaling and results in bone loss.
Dispersive properties of multisymplectic integrators

Multisymplectic (MS) integrators, i.e. numerical schemes which exactly preserve a discrete space-time symplectic structure, are a new class of structure preserving algorithms for solving Hamiltonian PDEs. In this paper we examine the dispersive properties of MS integrators for the linear wave and sine-Gordon equations. In particular a leapfrog in space and time scheme (a member of the Lobatto Runge-Kutta family of methods) and the Preissman box scheme are considered. We find the numerical dispersion relations are monotonic and that the sign of the group velocity is preserved. The group velocity dispersion (GVD) is found to provide significant information and succinctly explain the qualitative differences in the numerical solutions obtained with the different schemes. Further, the numerical dispersion relations for the linearized sine-Gordon equation provides information on the ability of the MS integrators to capture the sine-Gordon dynamics. We are able to link the numerical dispersion relations to the total energy of the various methods, thus providing information on the coarse grid behavior of MS integrators in the nonlinear regime.
Twenty years of evidence on the outcomes of malpractice claims.

Two decades of social science research on the outcomes of medical malpractice claims show malpractice outcomes bear a surprisingly good correlation with the quality of care provided to the patient as judged by other physicians. Physicians win 80% to 90% of the jury trials with weak evidence of medical negligence, approximately 70% of the borderline cases, and even 50% of the trials in cases with strong evidence of medical negligence. With only one exception, all of the studies of malpractice settlements also find a correlation between the odds of a settlement payment and the quality of care provided to the plaintiff. Between 80% and 90% of the claims rated as defensible are dropped or dismissed without payment. In addition, the amount paid in settlement drops as the strength of the patient’s evidence weakens.
Environmental and Management Factors Affecting Estrous Activity in Dairy Cattle

One thousand periods of estrus of Holstein and Jersey cows and heifers of breeding age during 27 mo were used to evaluate environmental and management factors related to estrous behavior during twice-daily heat checks. Mounting activity at the first observation of estrus was influenced by sire within genetic selection group for milk yield, lactation number, primary housing location, time of day estrus first observed, and maximum temperature the day of estrus. Mean number of times an estrous cow was mounted increased from 6.0 mounts/h in the morning to 7.7 mounts/h in the evening. Barn-housed cattle had 8.7 mounts/h compared to 6.1 and 5.5 for dry-lot and pasture groups. Estrous activity was least for heifers and increased for older cows. Mounting activity increased with increasing maximum daily temperature to approximately 25 degrees C. Only 17.7% of the cattle initially observed in estrus displayed mounting behavior at the 12-h heat check. Estrous activity at 12 h was affected by lactation number and genetic grouping. Daily milk production near estrus was associated with longer duration between heats but had no effect on conception. Lactation number and service number were related to fertility.
Effective Group Work for Elementary School-Age Children Whose Parents Are Divorcing.

Parental divorce is the issue of most concern for elementary school children. The purpose of this article is to describe interventions for children-of-divorce groups for elementary school children. Specifically, this article will suggest guidelines related to goal setting; securing agency and parental consent; leadership planning; recruitment, screening, and selection of members; group member needs and goal assessment; group format; and specific group interventions.
Evaluation of the Bio-Rad Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test as an alternative to Western blot for confirmation of HIV infection.

Abstract Background In the United States, a new HIV diagnostic algorithm has been proposed that uses an HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay instead of Western blot or immunofluoresence for confirmatory testing. Objectives To evaluate the Multispot HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test (Multispot) as an alternative to Western blot analysis for confirmation of HIV infection. Study design A series of 205 serum and plasma specimens positive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 were used to compare the performance of Multispot to a standard HIV-1 Western blot. Positive samples included 63 specimens from patients > 18 months of age, 33 proficiency survey specimens, and 109 specimens from nine commercial seroconversion and performance panels. In addition, 63 specimens from 51 HIV-exposed, uninfected children ≤ 18 months of age in various stages of seroreversion and 192 HIV-negative samples were tested. Specimens were initially screened using a 4th generation HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay. Results Multispot readily discriminated between individuals with HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection and those who were uninfected. Of the 205 samples repeatedly reactive by the 4th generation screening assay, infection status was correctly confirmed by Multispot in 83.9% (172/205) compared to 68.8% (141/205) for Western blot. Multispot detected HIV-1 earlier in 27.6% of low-titer antibody specimens called indeterminate by Western blot, and effectively reduced the number of indeterminate results in seroreverting HIV-1 exposed, uninfected infants and for HIV-2 infections misinterpreted as indeterminate or positive by HIV-1 Western blot. Conclusions Multispot offers speed and simplicity over Western blot and has an excellent performance for differentiation and confirmation of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Symptom profiles of depression among general medical service users compared with speciality mental health service users

Background Since depressive disorders are now eminently treatable and early detection and treatment could bring substantial benefits, it is critical to address alternative presentations of depression in the general medical setting. Concern regarding under-diagnosis of depression in general medical settings has given rise to the question of whether the clinical disorder of depression differs qualitatively or only quantitatively across care settings. Methods Symptom profiles of depression were compared across care sectors to investigate how the presentation of depression among general medical service users might differ qualitatively from specialty mental health service users. Data on depression symptoms within 6 months of interview gathered in three community surveys that were part of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program were analysed using methods developed to assess item bias. The subjects were 4931 and 363 persons who reported a visit to the general medical sector or to specialty mental health respectively, within 6 months of interview. Results Compared with specialty mental health service users, general medical service users were less likely to present dysphoria (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 0.57; 95% Confidence Interval, CI = 0.38-0.84) and feeling worthless, sinful, or guilty (aOR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.40-0.98), but were more likely to present fatigue (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.09-2.69), even after holding constant other characteristics that might influence reporting of symptoms as well as level of depression. Conclusions These results suggest that there are qualitative differences in depression presenting in general medical care compared with specialty mental health care and call for a re-conceptualization of depression in the general medical setting.
Endovascular treatment of symptomatic persistent sciatic artery aneurysm: a case report and review of literature

A persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare congenital anomaly, usually associated with hypoplasia of the iliofemoral system. In most cases, the sciatic artery is the main dominant inflow vessel to the lower extremity. Persistent sciatic artery is strongly associated with aneurysmal disease, with a high potential for thromboembolic events. Aneurysm formation complicates 40% to 61% of the PSA cases brought to medical attention. There are a variety of presentations, including lower extremity ischemia and pressure symptoms from sciatic nerve compression. We report a case of severe left lower extremity pain due to PSA with thromboembolic manifestation. This case was successfully treated with open and endovascular techniques.
Robust learning-based TV commercial detection

A robust learning-based TV commercial detection approach is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a set of basic features that facilitate distinguishing commercials from general program are analyzed. Then, a series of context-based features, which are more effective for identifying commercials, are derived from these basic features. Next, each shot is classified as commercial or general program based on these features by a pre-trained SVM classifier. And last, the detection results are further refined by scene grouping and some heuristic rules. Experiments on around 10-hour TV recordings of various genres show that the proposed scheme is able to identify commercial blocks with relatively high detection accuracy.
A Study of preconditioned Krylov subspace methods with reordering for linear systems from a biphasic v–p finite element formulation

A study was conducted on combinations of preconditioned iterative methods with matrix reordering to solve the linear systems arising from a biphasic velocity–pressure (v–p) finite element formulation used to simulate soft hydrated tissues in the human musculoskeletal system. Krylov subspace methods were tested due to the symmetric indefiniteness of our systems, specifically the generalized minimal residual (GMRES), transpose-free quasi-minimal residual (TFQMR), and biconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) methods. Standard graph reordering techniques were used with incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning. Performance of the methods was compared on the basis of convergence rate, computing time, and memory requirements. Our results indicate that performance is affected more significantly by the choice of reordering scheme than by the choice of Krylov method. Overall, BiCGSTAB with one-way dissection (OWD) reordering performed best for a test problem representative of a physiological tissue layer. The preferre...
Linearized optical modulator with fifth order correction

A linearized solution for a series cascade of three Mach Zehnder interferometers separated by directional couplers is obtained that eliminates both the third and fifth order coefficients of the Taylor series representation of the transfer function. The device is characterized in terms of harmonic distortion with a three tone signal. /spl sim/20-dB improvement in third harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two section device. >
Adhesive F-actin Waves: A Novel Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Complex Coupled to Ventral Actin Polymerization

At the leading lamellipodium of migrating cells, protrusion of an Arp2/3-nucleated actin network is coupled to formation of integrin-based adhesions, suggesting that Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization and integrin-dependent adhesion may be mechanistically linked. Arp2/3 also mediates actin polymerization in structures distinct from the lamellipodium, in “ventral F-actin waves” that propagate as spots and wavefronts along the ventral plasma membrane. Here we show that integrins engage the extracellular matrix downstream of ventral F-actin waves in several mammalian cell lines as well as in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These “adhesive F-actin waves” require a cycle of integrin engagement and disengagement to the extracellular matrix for their formation and propagation, and exhibit morphometry and a hierarchical assembly and disassembly mechanism distinct from other integrin-containing structures. After Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization, zyxin and VASP are co-recruited to adhesive F-actin waves, followed by paxillin and vinculin, and finally talin and integrin. Adhesive F-actin waves thus represent a previously uncharacterized integrin-based adhesion complex associated with Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization.
Peptides Associated with Eggs: Mechanisms of Interaction with Spermatozoa

Speract (Gly-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val-Gly), a peptide obtained from the culture medium of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs, stimulates the respiration and motility of S. purpuratus spermatozoa under appropriate conditions. Resact (Cys-Val-Thr-Gly- Ala-Pro-Gly-Cys-Val-Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-LeuNH2), a peptide obtained from Arbacia punctulata eggs also stimulates the metabolism and motility of A. punctulata spermatozoa, however, it fails to stimulate S. purpuratus spermatozoa. Early biochemical responses of the spermatozoa to the egg peptides include a net H+ efflux and elevations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations. In addition, in A. punctulata spermatozoa, a major plasma membrane protein is modified in response to resact such that its apparent molecular weight shifts from 160,000 to 150,000. If cells are incubated with 32 P, the 160,000 molecular weight form of the protein becomes radiolabeled; subsequent addition of resact causes a rapid loss of 32P from the protein. The plasma membrane protein appears to be the enzyme, guanylate cyclase; coincident with the shift in apparent molecular weight, enzyme activity decreases by as much as 90%. Since speract fails to cause these responses in A. punctulata, it can be concluded that the events are receptor-mediated.
Educational and Economic Reforms, Gender Equity, and Access to Schooling in Africa

This paper investigates the relationship between economic reforms, particularly the World Bank’s Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS) and educational policies with regard to gender equity in access to schooling in Africa. Using qualitative, historical, and quantitative methods and based on data from UNESCO and African Development Bank, it analyzes the impact of economic factors, specifically gross domestic investment, public expenditure on education as a percentage of gross national product, public expenditure on education as a percentage of government expenditure, and government deficit/surplus as a percentage of GDP at current prices, on women’s access to higher education. 1. Introduction: Issues and Objectives THIS PAPER IS divided into five major sections including the introduction that presents the issues and objectives. The second part deals with specifications regarding the concepts and methodology. The third section recalls the unequal original distribution of education and the quest for gender equality as articulated in some of the educational reform documents and experiences. The fourth section analyzes the economic crisis, reforms, and especially the structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and the impact of their conditionalities on social services, with focus on the education sector as a whole. The fifth section examines more specifically the structural relation between the economic crisis, the SAPs, and women’s access to higher education. The conclusion addresses some of the issues for future educational development and research direction in the next century. Following the political independence of African countries that started in the 1950s, the next two decades were characterized by high optimism in the possi
Solid-State Stability of Theophylline Anhydrous in Theophylline Anhydrous-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Physical Mixtures

AbstractThere are contradictory evidences in the literature concerning the role of excipients with a high affinity for water in the formulation when the formulation is exposed to moisture. A few reports indicate the stabilization of a drug in the presence of hygroscopic excipients. Other reports indicate the rapid moisture-induced changes of the drug in the presence of an excipient with high affinity for water. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of PVP and the relative humidity of storage on the solid-state stability of anhydrous theophylline. In this study, physical mixtures of theophylline anhydrous and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared in varying proportions. These mixtures were then stored in a range of humidities at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction, moisture uptake, HPLC, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to monitor the physical and chemical changes occurring in the mixtures. A hypothesis is presented on the role of amorphous polymeric excipients in the formulation. The...
Supervisory Challenges Arising from Racial Profiling Legislation

This article addresses problems faced by police supervisors who must ensure compliance with legal and organizational requirements of new laws concerning racial profiling. Newresponsibilities and difficulties can be expected in six main areas: (a) equipping officers to deal with new public expectations (and misunderstandings) about racial profiling, (b) dealing with instances of “monkey-wrenching” resistance, (c) mediating disputes and citizen complaints, (d) handling cases of discipline and morale problems, (e) selling the program to subordinates (perhaps the most important duty of all), and (f) “managing up” within the organization to provide appropriate resources. In some jurisdictions, supervisors will face a seventh requirement: attending at the scene of any consent search. The article looks only briefly at the distinction between intentional targeting of minorities for unequal treatment and the more insidious influence of cultural biases and stereotypes: The focus is rather on the day-to-day ensuring...
Chemical conditioning for solid-liquid separation processes.

Particularly for suspensions and slurries of biological origin, efficient solid–liquid separation is highly dependent on proper chemical conditioning. This review first describes the material prope...
Configuration selection and precoder design for spatial modulation in multicast MIMO systems

In this paper, we investigate the configuration (i.e., both mode and antenna) selection and precoder design to improve the multicast multiple-input multiple-output systems employing spatial modulation. We first elaborate the advantages of configuration selection and then propose two selection schemes to maximize minimum Euclidean distance with low complexity. By configuring the selection problem as a tree search problem and adopting tree pruning technique, the first selection scheme attains low complexity while obtaining the optimal solution. In the second scheme, by pruning the less dominant nodes and approximating the signal constellation, the Euclidean distance computation is converted to a simple table look-up operation. Combining this with the first scheme, the second scheme attains even lower complexity without optimality guarantee. Besides configuration selection, the precoder design is investigated, and a precoder design approach is proposed to improve the system. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approaches in the bit error rate improvement and complexity reduction.
Tracing hydrocarbons in gas shale using lithium and boron isotopes: Denver Basin USA, Wattenberg Gas Field

Abstract Bentonites are altered volcanic ash layers commonly used as marker beds in sedimentary basins. The ash (glass) alters to diagenetic mixed-layered illite–smectite (I–S), and the illite incorporates trace elements from the interacting porefluid, recording paleofluid changes over time. Among these trace elements, lithium and boron are common heteroatoms of organic macerals released during thermal maturation into the porefluids, and are incorporated by the diagenetic illite, potentially becoming useful tracers of hydrocarbon-related fluids. This study examines Li and B in bentonite samples from the Wattenberg Gas Field, Denver Basin, Colorado (USA). Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, different crystal size fractions of I–S extracted from the bentonite were measured. Illite incorporates Li in octahedral sites and B in tetrahedral sites of the framework during diagenetic crystallization, recording distinctly light isotopic signatures of the organic source. The δ7Li of I–S in outcrops outside of the gas field ranges from − 7 to + 4‰, compared to samples within the gas field, which generally range from − 18 to − 4‰. One exception is in the highly mature region, where vitrinite reflectance values (%Ro) reach 1.3. The δ7Li is + 12‰ in the finer clay fraction ( B-isotopes ranged from − 15 to − 7‰, showing no significant change between different size fractions, but the B-content in the gas field reaches 180 ppm, and decreases radially away from the thermally mature region. We conclude that isotopically light B influx coincides with generation of oil and isotopically light Li is associated with influx of gas related fluids, and therefore the age of the illites record the timing of oil and gas generation.
Family Size and Birth Order

Birth order and family size have been shown to be associated with children’s development in the areas of intellectual achievement, psychosocial adjustment, and physical growth. However, the amount of research and consistency of the relationships reported differ among the three outcome areas. Whereas a family structure influence on physical growth has been consistently reported across the relatively few studies conducted, rather pervasive inconsistencies have been noted in the research relating family structure variables with intellectual and psychosocial outcomes. This chapter will initially review the literature relating family structure variables with the child’s development in each of the three outcome areas. Subsequently, results of analyses will be presented describing the association between family structure variables and these three types of outcomes in the Danish sample. The analyses directly address some of the issues raised in the literature and represent the first attempt (to our knowledge) to analyze all three outcome areas using the same sample.
Stochastic Nonlinear Optimal Control of Populations: Computational Difficulties and Possible Solutions

Computing optimal control policies for the stochastic nonlinear systems associated with population dynamics is computationally and mathematically difficult. We discuss the characteristics of population management problems arising in forestry, fisheries and pest management and how these characteristics affect the selection of optimal control algorithms and the associated computations. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of differential dynamic programming and stochastic dynamic programming The computational issues associated with linear or nonlinear interpolation for stochastic dynamic programming are discussed. We conclude that for very large-scale nonlinear problems like those arising in forestry, differential dynamic programming would seem to be the most effective method. Most pest control problems require stochastic dynamic programming and nonlinear interpolation. Because of the high degree of parameter uncertainty for fisheries models, these problems require a stochastic procedure like dynamic programming, but in many cases linear interpolation will be adequate.
Approximate method to estimate the short-period strong motion spectra on bedrock

abstract The methodology to estimate the strong motion Fourier amplitude spectra in a short-period range ( T ≦ 1 to 2 sec) on a bedrock level is discussed in this paper. The basic idea is that the synthetic strong motion Fourier spectrum F ˜ A ( ω ) calculated from smoothed rupture velocity model (Savage, 1972) is approximately similar to that of low-pass-filtered strong earthquake ground motion at a site in a period range T ≧ 1 to 2 sec: F ˜ A ( ω ) = B ˜ ( ω ) · A ( ω ) . B ˜ ( ω ) is an observed Fourier spectrum on a bedrock level and A (ω) is a low-pass filter. As a low-pass filter, the following relation, A ( T ) = · a · T n a T n + 1 , ( T = 2 π / ω ) , is assumed. In order to estimate the characteristic coefficients { n } and { a }, the Tokachi-Oki earthquake (1968), the Parkfield earthquake (1966), and the Matsushiro earthquake swarm (1966) were analyzed. The results obtained indicate that: (1) the coefficient { n } is nearly two for three earthquakes, and { a } is nearly one for the Tokachi-Oki earthquake, eight for the Parkfield earthquake, and four for the Matsushiro earthquake swarm, respectively; (2) the coefficient { a } is related with stress drop Δσ as ( a = 0.07.Δσ). Using this relationship between { a } and Δσ, the coefficients { a } of past large earthquakes were estimated. The Fourier amplitude spectra on a bedrock level are also estimated using an inverse filtering method of A ( T ) = a T 2 a T 2 + 1 .
Integrative Biology of Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: The leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Despite significant efforts to improve outcomes in DKD, the i
The impact of natural disasters on the elderly.

Objective: To review and draw conclusions about the impact of natural disasters on the elderly from the published medical literature. Design: Articles were obtained by searching the PubMed database and Google search engines using terms such as “disaster,” “elderly,” “hurricane,” “tornado,” “earthquake,” and “flood.” More articles were obtained from the reference lists of those obtained in the initial search. Results: Forty-five journal articles were reviewed. Conclusions: Many, but not all, studies have found that older individuals are more likely to suffer adverse physical consequences. This is not surprising considering the elderly are more likely to be in worse health before disasters and less able to seek assistance afterward. The lack of agreement between studies is not surprising either, considering heterogeneity in disasters, populations, and survey methods. This heterogeneity also precludes determination as to whether older individuals have a worse or more favorable psychological outcome than younger individuals. Several investigations, however, have noted that individuals may be more resilient to some of the psychological manifestations of disasters with more frequent exposure, often including the elderly. Many suggestions have been proposed to address the potential needs of older individuals such as involving existing organizations and those with existing geriatric expertise to design disaster plans, develop education, communication systems, and warnings for people with sensory impairment, create new methods for identifying, tracking, and following older individuals, and make special arrangements to provide disaster-related aid. However, there are only anecdotal reports of the success of the application of such methods.
Improved performance in vertical GaN Schottky diode assisted by AlGaN tunneling barrier

In a vertical GaN Schottky barrier diode, the free electron concentration n in the 6-μm-thick drift layer was found to greatly impact the diode reverse leakage current, which increased from 2.1 × 10−7 A to 3.9 × 10−4 A as n increased from 7.5 × 1014 cm−3 to 6.3 × 1015 cm−3 at a reverse bias of 100 V. By capping the drift layer with an ultrathin 5-nm graded AlGaN layer, reverse leakage was reduced by more than three orders of magnitude with the same n in the drift layer. We attribute this to the increased Schottky barrier height with the AlGaN at the surface. Meanwhile, the polarization field within the graded AlGaN effectively shortened the depletion depth, which led to the formation of tunneling current at a relatively small forward bias. The turn-on voltage in the vertical Schottky diodes was reduced from 0.77 V to 0.67 V—an advantage in reducing conduction loss in power switching applications.
Cyclophorase system. XXIII. Correlation of cyclophorase activity and mitochondrial density in striated muscle.

SummaryThe skeletal muscles which are used only sporadically generally have relatively low cyclophorase activity and a low mitochondrial count; whereas muscles which have to function either continuously or for prolonged periods (cardiac muscle, diaphragm, flying muscles), have a high cyclophorase activity and an abundance of mitochondrial units.
Educational Perspectives: Bedside Teaching: Rediscovering a Lost Art

Bedside teaching (BST) has been an instrumental force in medical education, helping trainees transition from being classroom students to hospital practitioners. The presence of the patient and the patient9s family promotes active learning in history-taking, physical examination skills, procedures, differential diagnosis development, and clinical reasoning. BST also provides an opportunity for the teacher to model behaviors, such as effective communication, professionalism, and compassion. BST allows patients to be viewed as individuals with whom medical decisions are made, rather than to whom procedures and tests are applied, thus humanizing and personalizing medical care. In this review, we will discuss the benefits of and barriers to BST, describe models of BST, and provide a practical approach to teaching at the bedside.
The Mixed-Media Dirichlet Multinomial Distribution: A Model for Evaluating Television-Magazine Advertising Schedules:

Increasing awareness of the qualitative differences between television and magazine advertisements and the resulting inference that a response to a television ad is much different from a response t...
Endogenous creatinine clearance by rats.

ConclusionsThirty-one white male albino rats of weights ranging from 200 to 450 g were used to study 24-hour, undisturbed creatinine clearances. Determinations were made using apparent creatinine, ...
Traffic Assignment Using a Density-Based Travel-Time Function for Intelligent Transportation Systems

This paper presents and shows why density-based travel-time function is consistent with the fundamental diagram from traffic theory and then reviews the applications of travel time in intelligent transportation systems. This paper presents a density-based travel-time function that does not have the ill-posedness that is present in flow-based travel-time functions. The classic steady-state traffic assignment is cast using this new travel-time function, and corresponding mathematical programming formulations are proposed. It is shown that the modified Beckman formulation based on the density-based travel-time function provides a unique solution for link flows and link densities where the Wardrop condition has nonunique values for arc traffic densities.
The operating overvoltage failures analysis in 750 kV Yinchuan Eastern Substation,Huanghe Substation and Helan Substation transmission line

After 7522 circuit breaker of 750 kV Yinchuan Eastern Substation broke,the operating overvoltage appeared in Yin-Huang-He 750 kV transmission line because of the unsymmetrical electromagnetic oscillations superimposition.The study shows that the amplitude of the overvoltage is not high,the duration is not long,which will not influence the safe operation of the related 750 kV electrical equipment,but the overvoltage protection outlet setting time is too short,the unloaded line tripping overvoltage caused 800 kV circuit breaker trip in Huanghe Substation and Helan Substation.So the paper suggests properly lengthens the overvoltage protection outlet setting time of Yin-Huang-He transmission line,and makes overvoltage test in process of switching circuit breaker before the new built 750 kV transmission line put into commission,provides scientific basis for the rational setting of the transmission line overvoltage protection.
Application of gray theory in power quality comprehensive evaluation

The weighting and methodology of power quality comprehensive evaluation is discussed. For scientific weights,the objective weights are achieved by computing the entropies of sampled data and the subjective weights by improved AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The integrated weights of PQIs(Power Quality Indexes) are calculated by linear addition of objective and subjective weights. The standard matrix is built based on the state power quality standards and the GRA(Gray Relation Analysis) of samples is carried out. Combined with the integrated weights, the relation grade of samples is obtained and its rank is confirmed by comparing the relation grades between standard sample and data sample. The example shows that,the weights of PQIs by the proposed method are more objective and comprehensive,and the power quality comprehensive evaluation with GRA is more scientific and accurate.
The Biopolitical Unconscious: Toward an Eco-Marxist Literary Theory

In keeping with Fredric Jameson’s founding claim in The Political Unconscious that Marxism provides not just one more hermeneutics of literature and culture, but a project that integrates all other hermeneutics to their historical determination, this essay will argue that ecocriticism, perhaps the youngest of contemporary literary hermeneutics, likewise can and should be dialectically assimilated to the project of a Marxist literary and cultural criticism. In redescribing ecocriticism as the analysis of modern literature’s determination by the category of the “environment” within the successive iterations of the capitalist mode of production, however, I will also argue that Marxist literary criticism must be inflected in a new way. Insofar as politics, understood in their broadest sense, designate social struggles over how life (human and nonhuman alike) will be used as a means to a collective end that is also life, I will propose that the “absent cause” of history, which in the proverbial last instance determines the form of modern literature and culture, must be understood as a biopolitical unconscious.
Seamless Integration of Coding and Gameplay: Writing Code Without Knowing it.

Numerous designers and researchers have called for seamless integration of education and play in educational games. In the domain of games that teach coding, seamless integration has not been achieved. We present a system (The Orb Game) to demonstrate an extreme level of integration: in which the coding is so seamlessly integrated that players do not realize they are coding. Our evaluation shows that the integration was successful: players felt that they were playing a game and did not realize they were programming. We also present a generalized framework called Programming by Gaming (PbG) to guide the design of other such games.
In Situ Crystallization and Morphological Evolution in Multicomponent Indium Oxide Thin Films

The crystallization kinetics of Zn0.3In1.4Sn0.3O3 (ZITO-30) thin films is investigated via isothermal in situ transmission electron microscopy measurements. Extensive analysis is conducted to reveal the nucleation mechanism and growth rate at four different temperatures. The results show that the nucleation rate in this system is time-dependent and continuously decelerates following a power law decay. The crystal growth rate is constant at a given temperature, and interface-limited growth is the controlling mechanism in the kinetics of amorphous ZITO-30 crystallization. The activation energy for the overall process and interface growth are derived from the experimental data. A morphological study of the grains shows that the {100} interfaces have low mobility and are responsible for the anisotropic crystal shapes. It is found that the {111} and {100} planes of the crystal form parallel to the film–vapor interface during the nucleation process. The results demonstrate a rather complex yet tractable correla...
The implementation of a lay care navigation service at the Stanford Cancer Institute.

119Background: Lay care navigators address barriers to care, provide a single point of contact in complex health systems, and help efficiently resolve non-clinical patient issues. Despite navigation program proliferation, each is crafted to fit local institutional and patient needs. In Summer 2016, Stanford Cancer Institute (SCI) launched a care navigation pilot to improve patient engagement, facilitate better access to services, and improve coordination. The Stanford Care Navigator (SCN) program was based on a framework for lay navigation from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) who consulted on this project. This study describes the evolution of the SCN model and drivers of changes as SCN was iteratively designed and implemented. Methods: Qualitative study including document review of training materials, observation of cross-functional design meetings, stakeholder interviews, and a focus group with Care Navigators. Results: In spite of common goals of reducing patient distress and improving ca...
Can created tidal marshes reduce nitrate export to downstream estuaries

Abstract Constructed marshes have the potential to serve as a buffer between anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and nutrient sensitive estuaries. Yet, there is little information available on the reduction of nitrogen loads that created tidal marshes might provide. A 5.6 ha brackish marsh was constructed between row crop agricultural production and an estuary in North Carolina. Nitrate-N fluxes in and out of the marsh were monitored multiple times per hour for over a year to capture tidal and storm dynamics. Out of the five storms when most of the fluxes occurred, nitrate was retained in four (up to 42%), and released in the fifth, such that over the monitoring period the marsh retained 9% (40 kg) of the nitrate that entered. Nutrient addition tracer studies confirmed the potential nitrate retention (up to 45%) of the marsh. The residence time of water in the constructed brackish marsh was identified as the primary factor limiting nitrate retention through an examination of the factors that were related to percent nitrate retention. A retention model based on a mass transfer coefficient was applied during the storm events and tracer studies to further evaluate the marsh N retention capacity. The model adequately simulated the nitrate retention with calibrated mass transfer coefficients (0.1–0.56 m day−1) that fell within the range of those reported in literature for other systems. These results indicate that constructed tidal marshes can serve as substantial nitrate sinks and can be an integral part of overall plans to reduce the nutrient export to estuaries.
Patterns of New Product Development in Japan’s Pharmaceutical Industry: The Case of “Mevalotin”

This case is about the success factors of innovative new product development in Japan’s pharmaceutical industry. The case deals with the drug Mevalotin (“R” mark), developed by Sankyo Co. Ltd. (Japan). Through the analysis of its development process, some managerial implications for effective patterns of product development in this industry are discussed.
The Practice of Reading: Austen as Guide

This chapter looks at the critical and prose accounts of novels that attempted to sort out the increasingly complex Victorian literary world. It explores the links between reading and education and considers how Jane Austen became the heroine of the novel-reading public, as her work was deployed in discussions about the history and development of the novel, the hierarchy of texts, and the rights and responsibilities of English readers. Much of this discussion took place in Victorian reading guides, and the chapter offers a close analysis of these widespread, yet understudied, texts.
Percutaneous CT-guided facet joint synovial cyst rupture: Success with refractory cases and technical considerations

Percutaneous image-guided rupture of lumbar facet synovial cysts can improve clinical outcomes and obviate the need for open surgery. This series describes eleven patients who had successful CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst ruptures, 82% of which experienced excellent pain relief at a minimum of one-year follow-up. Of the five patients who failed prior fluoroscopic-guided synovial cyst rupture, 80% had a successful CT-guided rupture and one-year sustained pain relief. These findings reinforce minimally invasive CT-guided treatment as an excellent option to improve patient symptoms and potentially avoid open surgery.
Commentary: On Poetics, Art and Life

The section’s main point—the connections between poetics, art and life—arouses some issues. One is how the human condition of poetics can become a scientific knowledge. To answer this, Chaudhary, Chawla and Sindhu presuppose that poetic instants inhabit ordinary people’s lives, making them extraordinary moments. To Bastos and Rucker and Leao and Guimaraes, sharing experiences is transforming life’s experiences. So, a second issue is that poetics would be the subjective process of transformation of being. To Lehmann and Klempe, the affective and existential aspect of lived lives lies behind all types of meaning-making and this implies that poetics has no chronological time with agenda. So, referring to poetics, the third issue is temporality. The forth issue is that these articles show how poetics enlarges understanding about human being and how it helps to resist known interpretations.
Proceedings of the thirty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing

The papers in this volume were presented at the Thirty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 2003), held in San Diego, California, June 9-11, 2003. The Symposium is sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT).In response to a call for papers, 270 paper submissions were received. All were submitted electronically. The program committee conducted its deliberations partly in a physical meeting in Baltimore, MD, on January 12 to 14, 2003 and partly electronically in the ten days before and after the physical meeting. The program committee selected 80 papers from among the submissions. The papers encompass a wide variety of areas of theoretical computer science. The submissions were not refereed in a detailed fashion as for journal submissions, and many of these papers represented reports of continuing research. It is expected that most of them will appear in a more complete form in scientific journal.The program committee has selected two papers for the STOC Best Paper Award. These are "Derandomizing Polynomial Identity Tests Means Proving Circuit Lower Bounds" by Valentine Kabanets and Russell Impagliazzo and "New Lattice Based Cryptographic Constructions" By Oded Regev. Starting this year, the STOC Best Student Paper Award has been renamed the Danny Lewin Best Student Paper Award in honor of the late Daniel Lewin. The program committee has awarded the Danny Lewin Best Student Paper Award to Thomas P. Hayes for his paper "Randomly Coloring Graphs of Girth At Least Five." During the conference, Miklos Ajtai was awarded the Donald E.Knuth Prize and gave a plenary talk.
Die theoretischen Fundamente persuasiver Taktiken und Strategien – wie lässt sich ihr Erfolg erklären?

Wir haben bisher eine Fulle kleinerer und groserer „Theorien“ kennengelernt, mit denen die Erfolge der hier vorgestellten Uberzeugungstaktiken und -strategien jeweils erklart wurden. „Theorien“ in Anfuhrungszeichen deshalb, weil der Anspruch an eine Theorie ja gemeinhin hoher ist als an schlichte Behauptungen wie zum Beispiel: Es gibt einen typisch menschlichen Wunsch nach nicht allzu viel Aufwand fur Entscheidungen (s.o. S. 41f.). Wenn’s um Leben und Tod geht, horen alle zu (s. o. S. 61).
The Characterization of Organic Matter in Abyssal Sediments, Pore Waters and Sediment Traps

Substantial information regarding the history, source and transfer of both carbon and nitrogen to and within the deep sea lies in the chemical and isotopic signals of organic materials. Isotopic and chemical characterization of sediment trap samples indicate that the captured particulate materials are an organic rich food source for abyssal organisms which become highly altered at or just below the sediment water interface. An enrichment in nitrogen isotopes with a decline in the amount of nitrogen that can be characterized as amino acids is indicative of the diagenetic pathway, possibly the result of peptide bond hydrolysis, followed by bacterial utilization of the free amino acids or shorter chain peptides. Nearly 100% of the nitrogen can be characterized as amino acids in sediment trap materials, whereas only approximately 2 to 4% of the nitrogen in surficial sediments could be identified as being amino acids. Porewater amino acids are chemically distinct from the bound amino acids within the sediments and are typically present at heightened levels (μm/L) only in the upper 10 cm of sediment. The decline in porewater amino acids correlates closely, on a molar basis, with the increase in the porewater ammonium over that depth range. Elucidation of the transfer of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep-sea food chains is facilitated through the use of stable isotopic compositions of tissues of higher trophic level animals and their potential prey items. Trophic levels in food webs are delineated by an approximately 30%∘; enrichment in 15N with each level. Through new developments in isotope geochemistry, routine characterization of the 13C compositions of individual molecular components is now possible. Such a union of chemical analysis with isotopic compositions now offers a unique, extremely powerful tool in the delineation of production, and utilization of carbon compounds produced by abyssal organisms.