cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Undersea narrow-beam optical communications field demonstration

Optical propagation through the ocean encounters significant absorption and scattering; the impact is exponential signal attenuation and temporal broadening, limiting the maximum link range and the achievable data rate, respectively. MIT Lincoln Laboratory is developing narrow-beam lasercom for the undersea environment, where a collimated transmit beam is precisely pointed to the receive terminal. This approach directly contrasts with the more commonly demonstrated approach, where the transmit light is sent over a wide angle, avoiding precise pointing requirements but reducing the achievable range and data rate. Two advantages of narrow-beam lasercom are the maximization of light collected at the receiver and the ability to mitigate the impact of background light by spatial filtering. Precision pointing will be accomplished by bi-directional transmission and tracking loops on each terminal, a methodology used to great effect in atmospheric and space lasercom systems. By solving the pointing and tracking problem, we can extend the link range and increase the data throughput.
Ground Juniperus pinchotii and urea in supplements fed to Rambouillet ewe lambs: I. Feedlot growth traits, blood serum parameters, and fecal characteristics

Ground woody products and urea are low-cost roughage and N sources. Rambouillet ewe lambs ( = 48, 6 lambs/treatment; initial BW = 42 kg ± 3.8) were used to evaluate effects of using ground (juniper) and urea in supplements on feedlot lamb growth traits, blood serum parameters, and fecal characteristics. In a randomized complete block design (40 d), lambs were individually fed an ad libitum basal sorghum-Sudangrass hay diet, which was fed separate from 1 of 8 supplemental diets (6 lambs/diet; 533 g of supplement/d, as-fed basis). Treatment structure was a 4 × 2 factorial: 4 concentrations of ground juniper (JN: 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60% of DM) and 2 concentrations of urea (UR: 1 or 3% of DM). Lamb growth traits were evaluated on d 0, 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40; blood serum was evaluated on d 6 to 8, 20 to 22, and 34 (at h 3 and 6), and feces was evaluated on d 35. Compared to lambs fed all of the other treatments, lambs fed JN60UR1 or JN60UR3 had reduced supplement DMI (negative quadratic, = 0.007). Hay and total DMI were variable across day (JN × UR × day, 0.10). A JN × day interaction was detected ( 0.17) ADG and G:F. Lamb G:F fluctuated across day (JN × day, = 0.007), but the JN × day quadratic trend ( 0.34). Results indicated that daily supplement DMI was restricted only by using JN60. However, a 60% JN-based supplement will not make an effective rangeland supplement for growing ewe lambs, and using 3% UR should not be considered, especially since daily UR intake was not restricted enough to be considered safe.
Suicide Crisis Syndrome Mediates the Relationship Between Long‐term Risk Factors and Lifetime Suicidal Phenomena

In recent years, there has been growing attention to the distinction between acute and long-term suicidal risk factors. We have previously characterized an acute, negative affect state, termed the suicide crisis syndrome (SCS), as a marker of near-term suicidal risk. Here, we test whether documented long-term risk factors (i.e., trait vulnerabilities), including perfectionism, impulsivity, chronic substance abuse, insecure attachment, poor social support, and childhood trauma, associate to suicidal phenomena through a pathway of the SCS. A sample of 207 psychiatric inpatients were administered a battery of eight scales, including the Suicide Trigger Scale (STS-3) as a measure of the SCS. While both STS-3 and all trait vulnerabilities were associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts, only STS-3 was related to pre-admission suicide attempts. The STS-3 significantly mediated the effect of each trait vulnerability on lifetime suicidal phenomena (combining ideation and behavior), with the proportion of mediating effect ranging from .29 to .56. Reverse mediation analyses were only significant for insecure attachment, supporting a largely unidirectional mediation effect. The SCS appears to serve as an acute risk factor for suicidal behavior in psychiatric inpatients and may act as a mechanism by which long-term risk factors increase suicidal risk.
Abstract 19438: Premature Ventricular Contractions and Cardiomyopathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC) are common with prevalence over 50% according to some studies. In the absence of an underlying cause and symptoms PVCs are considered benign and do not require therapy. Some have argued, however that increasing burden may be a risk factor for developing cardiomyopathy (CM). However, there are no studies looking at PVC burden and relationship to cardiomyopathy and the question remains unanswered. Hypothesis: Increased frequency of PVCs is associated with a higher risk of CM. Methods: Using the Olmsted County database, 696 patients were identified. In these patients we studied the overall prevalence of CM as a function of PVC burden. We also evaluated the incidence of CM, change in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and change in left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) as a function of PVC burden over time. This was done in a 104 patient subset with a holter study an echocardiogram within 100 days of the holter study and a subsequent echocardiogram at least 100 days after the first echocardiogram. Significant EF change was a drop of EF greater than at least 10% and a significant LVEDD increase was a LVEDD increase of at least 1cm. Results: In all comers, there was a significant difference in the PVC burden of patients with known CM vs those without a CM (7.23% vs 4.39%, p=.0044) regardless of the time between diagnosis of cardiomyopathy and holter study. In patients with serial echocardiograms: There was no difference in mean PVC burden between patients who had a significant EF decrease compared to patients who did not (2.9% vs 6.1%, p=.3695). There was also no difference in the PVC burden between patients who had a significant LVEDD increase vs those without (4.3% vs 7.5%, p=.0892). In patients with >10% PVC burden, there was no difference in the mean change in EF (2.4% vs -.7%, p=.2145) or in mean change in LVEDD (-1.50 cm vs .14 cm, p=.1703) compared to patients w/ less than 10% PVC burden. 1/22 patients with PVC burden >10% had a 10% EF drop compared to 6/82 patients with PVC burden Conclusions: PVC burden is not directly related to significant EF or LVEDD changes and thus should not be targeted for treatment if they are otherwise asymptomatic and healthy.
Zygote injection of RNA encoding Cre recombinase results in efficient removal of LoxP flanked neomycin cassettes in pigs

Genetically engineered pigs are often created with a targeting vector that contains a loxP flanked selectable marker like neomycin. The Cre–loxP recombinase system can be used to remove the selectable marker gene from the resulting offspring or cell line. Here is described a new method to remove a loxP flanked neomycin cassette by direct zygote injection of an mRNA encoding Cre recombinase. The optimal concentration of mRNA was determined to be 10 ng/μL when compared to 2 and 100 ng/μL (P < 0.0001). Development to the blastocyst stage was 14.1% after zygote injection with 10 ng/μL. This method successfully removed the neomycin cassette in 81.9% of injected in vitro derived embryos; which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.0001). Embryo transfer resulted in the birth of one live piglet with a Cre deleted neomycin cassette. The new method described can be used to efficiently remove selectable markers in genetically engineered animals without the need for long term cell culture and subsequent somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Physical Education Gym Class Heroes, Try-Hards, and All-Stars: An Analysis of Facebook Comments

This study inductively analyzed posts made on an existing participant-initiated open Facebook group page called “Dude, Calm Down…It’s Gym Class.” Following data retrieval, the first 25 days’ posts following the page’s inception were examined. Open coding was used as a method of identifying the content and curricular activities discussed within the page’s posts. The frequency of codes were determined with descriptive statistics, and post content was examined with the constant comparative method. Quantitative results showed that 1,882 of the 2,969 posts analyzed were coded as being made by males (63.3%), whereas 36.7% (n = 1,087) were coded as being made by females. Nearly half (49%) of the posts described participants’ own or their peers’ participation behaviors exhibited in physical education class. Of the 337 activity references, invasion games (n = 145, 43%) dodgeball (n = 72, 21.4%), and net/wall games (n = 69, 20.5%) were the most frequently mentioned. Qualitative analyses resulted in three major themes: student groups (Pro-Page—supported the page’s ideology; Anti-Page—did not support the page’s ideology; and Reasonables—could see the validity of both arguments), participation patterns (Overachievers, Underachievers), and Meanness (a general derogatory and negative nature of the posts). Results of this study support the need for further exploration of peer behavior as a potential influencer on student attitudes toward physical education.Subscribe to TPE
The ω− as a bound state in the ξK system

Abstract A non-relativistic effective range theory is applied to the ξ K system, using SU(3) to obtain expression for the phase shifts. A bound state with a mass of 1651 MeV and with the same quantum numbers as the ω − is found.
Abstract 14385: Novel STORM-based Quantitative Nanoscale Assessment Reveals Two Pools of Sodium Channels Within the Cardiac Intercalated Disk

Background: The spatial association between proteins is crucial to understanding how proteins function in biological systems. Colocalization assessed from diffraction-limited fluorescence microscopy images merely indicates that the proteins are within 200-300 nm of each other in the xy plane and within 500-700 nm of each other along the z-axis. We sought to develop a method applicable to single molecule positional data from super-resolution STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) which achieves resolutions of 20 nm laterally and Methods and Results: To this end, we developed STORM-based Relative Localization Analysis (STORM-RLA) which quantifies the spatial relationship between clusters of co-labeled proteins: 1) the instance and degree of overlap between clusters, and, 2) the distance from each cluster to the nearest cluster of the co-labeled protein. Here, we apply STORM-RLA, a novel, 3-dimensional quantitative analysis, to analyze sodium channel (Na V 1.5) localization relative to connexin43 (Cx43) and N-cadherin (N-Cad) within the intercalated disk (ID) in guinea pig ventricular myocardium. Examination of 2190 Na V 1.5 clusters and 1767 Cx43 clusters revealed that 17% of Na V 1.5 clusters overlapped a Cx43 clusters; however, 31% was located less than 200 nm from a Cx43 cluster. Overlap, where it occurred, involved 22 ± 4% of the Na V 1.5 and 35 ± 7% of the Cx43 clusters. Overall, 61% of Cx43 clusters had Na V 1.5 less than 200 nm away, with a median distance of 75 ± 25 nm. In contrast, 30% of Na V 1.5 clusters and 29% of N-Cad clusters overlapped with each other across 2030 Na V 1.5 clusters and 1768 N-Cad clusters examined with a median distance of 77 ± 19 nm. Overlap, where it occurred, involved 48 ± 7% of the Na V 1.5 and 43 ± 5% of the N-Cad clusters. Immuno-electron microscopy quantitatively confirmed segregation of Na V 1.5 between these two junction-associated ID nanodomains. Conclusions: Two pools of Na V 1.5 may exist within the ID: one adjacent Cx43 GJ located in interplicate ID regions and another co-distributed with N-cadherin within plicate ID regions. Overall, STORM-RLA represents a significant advance in the high throughput quantitative assessment of the spatial organization of proteins.
Linear Belief Functions for Data Analytics

This paper studies the application of linear belief functions to both classic and Bayesian statistic data analysis. In particular, it explores how to combine direct observations with/without distributional assumptions as linear belief functions for estimating population mean, how to combine system equations and measurement equations with direct observations in time series models and Bayesian linear regressions. It illustrates the use of Linear Model Operating Systems (LMOS).
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the lambda light chain of human immunoglobulin as a viable target for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

12079Background: Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon and clinically aggressive subtype of B cell derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) which continues to have poor outcomes of all B-NHLs. Che...
Chronic Care Management Services for Complex Diabetes Management: a Practical Overview

Formalized chronic care management has the potential to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of complex diabetes management in adults, but has historically not been sustainably supported by health care systems. This review discusses the application of the chronic care model in the care of complex diabetes and its translation in the current reimbursement structure designed by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Following the introduction of Wagner’s Chronic Care Model (CCM) in the late 1990s, evidence gathered over the past 2 decades has supported the shift in focus of health care systems from acute to chronic disease management and proactive care. Acknowledging evidence and potential for improved cost-effectiveness, in 2015, Medicare began reimbursing for chronic care management services (CCMS) for patients with multiple chronic conditions. The CCMS billing codes allow a program to be reimbursed for up to 90 min per month spent by clinical staff performing interim care within a comprehensive care plan. Recent data from local and global programs support the application of formalized CCM in diabetes management. Although reimbursement models for CCM have been designed for use in primary care, the challenges of the reimbursement model has opened the door for specialty areas focused on multimorbidity care such as diabetes care to explore this approach. With the broader availability of remote glucose monitoring and telemedicine, a strategy that combines goal-oriented care and telehealth solutions appears to be most effective in diabetes CCM care. Despite widespread acceptance of the chronic care model of care, there remain significant barriers to its incorporation into standard practice.
Bayesian average or truncation at boundaries? The mechanisms underlying categorical bias in spatial memory

Spatial memory is often biased by various factors, such as the region a target belongs to, which can be defined based on physical, perceptual, or implicit boundaries. In the typical dot-localization task first introduced by Huttenlocher, Hedges, and Duncan (Psychological Review 98: 352-376, 1991), individuals normally divide the task space into four quadrants delineated at the Cartesian axes (forming “default categories”) and show systematic bias in target localization toward the center of the category. At least two mechanisms have been proposed to account for these categorical biases, namely (a) weighted-average of a metric representation and the category prototype representation and (b) truncation of an un-biased metric representation at the category boundary. Both models can account for these findings and cannot be differentiated by existing research methods. Using a new distribution analysis, the current study sought to differentiate between these two models. Participants viewed a dot inside a circle and recalled its location after a delay either with the same blank circle (i.e., the standard dot-in-circle paradigm) or when an alternative V-shaped category boundary was visually presented at retrieval. The data from three experiments showed symmetrical distribution of the errors that shifted toward the category center when people primarily used the default category, supporting the weighted-average model. In contrast, when people primarily used the alternative category, the errors showed a highly skewed distribution, more consistent with the truncation model. Overall, these results provided the first experimental evidence for both mechanisms separately.
A Computational Social Science Framework for Learning and Visualizing the Latent Language of Structured IoT Interaction Data

The Internet of Things (IoT), comprised of billions of smart devices representing trillions of interactions, has the potential to generate entirely new consumer experiences. In this paper, we develop a computational social science framework, grounded in assemblage theory concepts, to extract the shape and structure of consumer experience from the language of IoT interactions rendered as structured text. Our multi-stage framework uniquely integrates methods from computational linguistics (word2vec), unsupervised machine learning (t-SNE), and computational topology (topological data analysis) to: 1) identify and visualize the structure of the segments of consumer experience based on the similarity between IoT interaction events, and 2) for any given IoT interaction event, discover similar events that can further exploit current use and help explore new uses. Because the results are extracted from the actual interactions consumers engage in when they connect devices and services together, in the language in which they connect them, our framework can help consumers expand their use of the IoT and help marketers better target their marketing and communications programs and product and business development efforts.
Learning optimal control via forward and backward stochastic differential equations

In this paper we present a novel sampling-based numerical scheme designed to solve a certain class of stochastic optimal control problems, utilizing forward and backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). By means of a nonlinear version of the Feynman-Kac lemma, we obtain a probabilistic representation of the solution to the nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, expressed in the form of a decoupled system of FBSDEs. This system of FBSDEs can then be simulated by employing linear regression techniques. To enhance the efficiency of the proposed scheme when treating more complex nonlinear systems, we then derive an iterative modification based on Girsanov's theorem on the change of measure, which features importance sampling. The modified scheme is capable of learning the optimal control without requiring an initial guess. We present simulations that validate the algorithm and demonstrate its efficiency in treating nonlinear dynamics.
Clinical characteristics of premature infants who orally feed on continuous positive airway pressure.

Abstract Background Between 32 and 34 weeks postconceptional age (PCA), premature infants typically achieve neuromuscular maturation to initiate the coordination of a nutritive suck triad. Many premature infants also require intubation, which has been associated with dysphagia in adults and infants. At our institution, despite these factors, some infants have been noted to tolerate oral feeds while on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Aims Compare the clinical characteristics and duration of intubation in infants that initiate oral feedings on CPAP to infants that did not begin oral feeding on CPAP. Study design Retrospective case control study. Subjects Infants with gestational age Outcome measures Oral feeding was defined as any oral feed ≥5 ml. Duration of intubation was defined as the number of intubated days prior to 32 weeks PCA. Results Of the 243 infants on CPAP at 32 weeks PCA, 31% (n = 76) began oral feeding on CPAP. Infants who initiated oral feeding on CPAP were of younger gestational age at birth (median 26 versus 27 weeks, p Conclusions Infants who began oral feeding on CPAP had lower gestational age and longer duration of intubation than infants who started oral feeding off CPAP.
Data democracy for you and me (bias, truth, and context)

Abstract The manner in which data are analyzed, modified, or presented can change how we perceive the world. Though we cannot ask all data scientists to provide the absolute truth in every single analysis they undergo, we can put a flag on the planet of data science and declare data democracy is an obligatory pursuit. Data democracy is neither about data nor about democracy. It is about you and me. In this book, we aim to claim that data democracy is regarding finding the truth, detecting inherited bias, and realizing context. The three pillars of data democracy are bias, truth, and context—discussed in the sections of this chapter. This book aims to explore them, exploit them, challenge them, philosophize them, and entirely destroy them. Let us begin!
Toward Practical Weakly Hard Real-Time Systems: A Job-Class-Level Scheduling Approach

Recent applications of the Internet of Things and cyber–physical systems require the integration of many sensing and control tasks into resource-constrained embedded devices. Such tasks can often tolerate a bounded number of timing violations. The concept of weakly hard real-time systems can effectively improve resource efficiency without sacrificing system safety. However, the existing studies have limitations on their practical use due to the restrictions imposed on the task timing behavior, high analysis complexity, and the lack of multicore support. In this article, we propose a new job-class-level fixed-priority preemptive scheduler and its schedulability analysis framework for weakly hard real-time tasks. Our proposed scheduler employs the meet-oriented classification of jobs of a task in order to reduce the worst-case temporal interference imposed on other tasks. Under this approach, each job is associated with a “job-class” that is determined by the number of deadlines previously met (with a bounded number of consecutively missed deadlines). This approach allows decomposing the complex weakly hard schedulability problem into two subproblems that are easier to solve: 1) analyzing the response time of a job with each job-class, which can be done by an extension of the existing task-level analysis and 2) finding possible job-class patterns, which can be modeled as a simple reachability tree. We also present a semipartitioned task allocation method for multicore platforms, which enhances the schedulability of weakly hard tasks under the proposed scheduling framework. Experimental results indicate that our scheduler outperforms the prior work in terms of task schedulability and analysis time complexity. We have also implemented a prototype of a job-class-level scheduler in the Linux kernel running on Raspberry Pi with acceptably small-runtime overhead.
Association of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment With Alcohol-Related Acute Events.

Importance Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) are understudied and undertreated. It is unknown whether the use of medications to treat OUD is associated with reduced risk of alcohol-related morbidity. Objective To determine whether the use of OUD medications is associated with decreased risk for alcohol-related falls, injuries, and poisonings in persons with OUD with and without co-occurring AUD. Design, Setting, and Participants This recurrent-event, case-control, cohort study used prescription claims from IBM MarketScan insurance databases from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. The sample included persons aged 12 to 64 years in the US with an OUD diagnosis and taking OUD medication who had at least 1 alcohol-related admission. The unit of observation was person-day. Data analysis was performed from June 26 through September 28, 2020. Exposures Days of active OUD medication prescriptions, with either agonist (ie, buprenorphine or methadone) or antagonist (ie, oral or extended-release naltrexone) treatments compared with days without OUD prescriptions. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was admission for any acute alcohol-related event defined byInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth RevisionandInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revisioncodes. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare OUD medication use between days with and without an alcohol-related event. Stratified analyses were conducted between patients with OUD with and without a recent AUD diagnostic code. Results There were 8 424 214 person-days of observation time among 13 335 participants who received OUD medications and experienced an alcohol-related admission (mean [SD] age, 33.1 [13.1] years; 5884 female participants [44.1%]). Agonist treatments (buprenorphine and methadone) were associated with reductions in the odds of any alcohol-related acute event compared with nontreatment days, with a 43% reduction for buprenorphine (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52-0.61) and a 66% reduction for methadone (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.26-0.45). The antagonist treatment naltrexone was associated with reductions in alcohol-related acute events compared with nonmedication days, with a 37% reduction for extended-release naltrexone (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76) and a 16% reduction for oral naltrexone (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93). Naltrexone use was more prevalent among patients with OUD with recent AUD claims than their peers without AUD claims. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that OUD medication is associated with fewer admissions for alcohol-related acute events in patients with OUD with co-occurring AUD.
Occluding Contour Detection Using Affine Invariants and Purposive Viewpoint Control

We present an approach for identifying the occludin,p contour and determining its sidedness using an active (i.e., moving) observel: It is bused on the non-stationarity property of the visible rim: When the observer’s viewpoint is changed, the visible rim is a collection of curves that “slide,” rigidly or non-rigidly, over the surface. We show that the observer can deterministically choose three views on the tangent plane of selected sulface points to distinguish such curves from stationary surface curves (i.e., surface markings). Our approach demonstrates that the occluding con tour can be identijed directly, i.e., withoutjrst computing surface shape (distance and curvature).
Winning the War by (Strategically) Losing Battles: Settling the Complexity of Grundy-Values in Undirected Geography.

We settle two long-standing complexity-theoretical questions-open since 1981 and 1993-in combinatorial game theory (CGT). We prove that the Grundy value (a.k.a. nim-value, or nimber) of Undirected Geography is PSPACE-complete to compute. This exhibits a stark contrast with a result from 1993 that Undirected Geography is polynomial-time solvable. By distilling to a simple reduction, our proof further establishes a dichotomy theorem, providing a "phase transition to intractability" in Grundy-value computation, sharply characterized by a maximum degree of four: The Grundy value of Undirected Geography over any degree-three graph is polynomial-time computable, but over degree-four graphs-even when planar and bipartite-is PSPACE-hard. Additionally, we show, for the first time, how to construct Undirected Geography instances with Grundy value $\ast n$ and size polynomial in n. We strengthen a result from 1981 showing that sums of tractable partisan games are PSPACE-complete in two fundamental ways. First, since Undirected Geography is an impartial ruleset, we extend the hardness of sums to impartial games, a strict subset of partisan. Second, the 1981 construction is not built from a natural ruleset, instead using a long sum of tailored short-depth game positions. We use the sum of two Undirected Geography positions to create our hard instances. Our result also has computational implications to Sprague-Grundy Theory (1930s) which shows that the Grundy value of the disjunctive sum of any two impartial games can be computed-in polynomial time-from their Grundy values. In contrast, we prove that assuming PSPACE $\neq$ P, there is no general polynomial-time method to summarize two polynomial-time solvable impartial games to efficiently solve their disjunctive sum.
Integration of Polycrystalline diamond on top of GaN and Ga2O3 devices for thermal management

In 5G applications when it comes to delivering high power at high frequencies, Gallium Nitride (GaN) is undeniably the best candidate for power amplifiers. However, device self-heating limits GaN-based high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) performances significantly. The problem of self-heating can become acute in applications where the system requires to be light-weight and compact. Integration of diamond on GaN can ease the challenges associated with thermal management of GaN-based power amplifiers relying on highly scaled transistors to push toward higher frequencies at high powers. N-polar gallium nitride (GaN) based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have shown superior performances at W-band frequencies. However, due to the shorter channel and closer gate fingers in the layout its ability to dissipate the heat from the channel to the heat-sink is limited. Diamond due to its very large thermal conductivity (TC) even in its polycrystalline (PC) form, is one of the most promising solutions for spreading out the heat to the heat sinks in these short channel devices.
Misophonia: A psychological model and proposed treatment

Abstract Misophonia is a condition characterized by strong reactions to specific sounds which are usually emitted by other people. The condition can be debilitating due to the distress and avoidance that it involves, at times resulting in significant occupational and relational dysfunction. The aim of this paper is to offer a theoretical account that can explain the phenomenology of misophonia that has been reported in the literature. To this end, we argue that misophonia emerges out of rigid character style in combination with contextual factors and classical and operant conditioning processes. Based on this model, we also offer a treatment approach called experiential acceptance and sound exposure. It consists of three main components: sound exposure, anger acceptance, and acceptance of sound triggers as an unchanging reality.
AVHRR Data Acquisition, Processing and Distribution at NOAA

NOAA/NESDIS acquires Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from the NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). This paper fully describes the AVHRR instrument and includes its history, channel configurations, data types and resolutions, as well as the orbital characteristics of the TIROS-N satellite series and the diverse applications for which the AVHRR have been used. The manner in which these data are acquired is described, in addition to the methods used for appending navigation and calibration information to the Level lb data sets. NOAA’s archive of AVHRR data is maintained by both the Satellite Data Services Division (SDSD) and the Satellite Active Archive (SAA). SDSD is the traditional archive where digital data can be obtained on a physical media such as cartridge or round tape, whereas SAA is an on-line archive that can supply users with small samples of AVHRR data electronically through the Internet.
A Ripple Tank Study of Wave Refraction

Refraction of uniform waves on beach of constant slope studied in ripple tank to determine effectiveness of Snell’s Law for predicting wave refraction; law was verified by analyzing photographic records of wave refraction on model beach; study covers three different slopes, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:60, three angles of orientation, 15, 34, and 50°, and several wave periods and water depths.
Chapter 24 Methods for Assessing the Binding of Steroid Hormones in Nuclei and Chromatin

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for assessing the binding of steroid hormones in nuclei and chromatin. Steroid hormone responsive cells contain macromolecules called receptors. These receptors represent the primary mechanism by which target cells detect and respond to hormones. An exchange assay consists of the preparation of subcellular fractions at low temperature, exchange at elevated temperature, and subsequent work-up and processing at low temperature. The chapter describes the steroid exchange methodology. The [ 3 H]estradiol exchange assay is useful for measuring nuclear receptor–estrogen complexes in the uterus, in the pituitary and hypothalamus, in lactating mammary gland, in the corpus luteum, in chick oviduct, and in Leydig cell tumors. The slow rate of dissociation at lower temperatures allows isolation and processing of subcellular fractions such as cytosols and nuclei without appreciable alternation of existing receptor–steroid complexes. The rapid rate of dissociation at elevated temperatures allows the exchange of added 3 H labeled steroid for unlabeled steroid occupying receptor sites.
A Study of the Relationship of Structure and Activity of Antimycin A in the Induction of Carotenoid Synthesis in Mycobacterium marinum

Abstract Mycobacterium marinum produces carotenoids when exposed to light or when antimycin A is added. Structural characteristics of antimycin A in relationship to its induction of carotenoid synthesis were determined in order to make comparisons with the characteristics required for its inhibition of the electron transport system. All four components of the antimycin A complex (A1, A2, A3, and A4) were equally active. Studies with a number of derivatives and synthetic analogues showed that the substituted dilactone ring and the phenolic hydroxyl group, but not the N-formyl (or an N-carbonyl) group, are indispensable for the induction activity of antimycin A. Since the N-formyl group (together with the phenolic hydroxyl group and the dilactone ring) is required for the inhibitory activity of antimycin A in the electron transport system, the possibility that antimycin A induces carotenogenesis by interfering in the electron transport system was, therefore, discounted. Additional evidence for the lack of involvement of the electron transport system in the induction of carotenogenesis was provided when it was found that the replacement of the dilactone ring with a long alkyl chain resulted in the total loss of induction activity but not of inhibitory activity. A hypothesis that antimycin A and light induce carotenogenesis by inducing protein synthesis has been evaluated.
Percutaneous extraction of inadvertently placed left‐sided pacemaker leads with complete cerebral embolic protection

Lead wire malposition is a known, but rare complication of permanent pacemaker or defibrillator implantation. The actual incidence and prevalence is unknown and management options for inadvertent left ventricular lead malposition have not been uniform. Current recommendations include systemic anticoagulation with warfarin or surgical lead removal with circulatory arrest for compelling clinical scenarios. Percutaneous left-sided lead extraction is contraindicated due to the potentially increased risk of thromboembolic complications associated with this procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of percutaneous extraction of inadvertently placed left ventricular and left atrial endocardial pacemaker leads with flow-preserving complete cerebral embolic protection. We also review the current literature regarding the incidence, management, and percutaneous extraction of left-sided cardiac leads.
Degeneracy Algebras and Dynamical Algebras

Another important application of algebraic methods in physics is to the study of exactly solvable problems in quantum mechanics.
An Addictive Commodity

Book reviewed in this article: Tobacco in History: The Cultures of Dependence. Jordan Goodman. New York: Routledge, 1993. 280 pp.
Interleukin-4 modulates cholinergic neural control of mouse small intestinal longitudinal muscle

Interleukin-4 contributes to expulsion of certain gastrointestinal parasites and causes intestinal mucosal mastocytosis. Because mast cell-derived mediators are spasmogenic, potentially causing parasitic expulsion, we investigated the effect of interleukin-4 on smooth muscle and the mast cell and mediator dependency of this effect. BALB/c, mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, 5-lipoxygenase-efficient mice, and their littermate controls were injected with interleukin-4-anti-interleukin-4 antibody complexes that chronically increase serum interleukin-4 levels. Mid-small intestinal segments, hung longitudinally in organ baths, were stimulated electrically or by agonists. The cholinergic response to electrical field stimulation was significantly increased by interleukin-4 treatment in BALB/c but not W/Wv mice. The enhanced cholinergic contraction was not due to increased acetylcholine responsiveness but was dependent on leukotriene D4, since it was reversed by leukotriene D4 receptor antagonism, and not observed in 5-lipoxygenase knock-out mice. Leukotriene D4 responsiveness was unaffected by interleukin-4 treatment. We conclude that interleukin-4 amplifies cholinergic excitation through a mast cell and leukotriene D4-dependent mechanism.
Towards Decision Support and Goal Achievement: Identifying Action-Outcome Relationships From Social Media

Every day, people take actions, trying to achieve their personal, high-order goals. People decide what actions to take based on their personal experience, knowledge and gut instinct. While this leads to positive outcomes for some people, many others do not have the necessary experience, knowledge and instinct to make good decisions. What if, rather than making decisions based solely on their own personal experience, people could take advantage of the reported experiences of hundreds of millions of other people?In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of mining the relationship between actions and their outcomes from the aggregated timelines of individuals posting experiential microblog reports. Our contributions include an architecture for extracting action-outcome relationships from social media data, techniques for identifying experiential social media messages and converting them to event timelines, and an analysis and evaluation of action-outcome extraction in case studies.
t -Matrix Approach in Low-Energy-Electron Diffraction

A $t$-matrix perturbation approach in the microscopic treatment of low-energy-electron-diffraction theory is developed. The total scattering matrix of a crystal is expanded in terms of the individual ion-core $t$ matrix. Propagation of the incident electron inside the crystal is expressed in terms of a one-particle Green's-function propagator containing the proper self-energy of an interacting electron gas. The intraplanar structural propagator of the crystal is evaluated in real space while the interplanar structural propagator of the crystal is transformed into a $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$-space representation. It is shown that using such a $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$-space representation of the interplanar structural propagator, a general scheme for summing scattering contributions from all layers of the crystal can be formulated. Temperature correction to the elastic cross section is also included. The diagonal nature of the $t$ matrix leading to separable sums of partial waves for interplanar scattering terms, making the $t$-matrix method fast and practical even for the case of complicated structures and many partial-wave phase shifts, is discussed.
Condensation of DNA by multivalent cations: Experimental studies of condensation kinetics

DNA in viruses and cells exists in highly condensed, tightly packaged states. We have undertaken an in vitro study of the kinetics of DNA condensation by the trivalent cation hexaammine cobalt (III) with the aim of formulating a quantitative, mechanistic model of the condensation process. Experimental approaches included total intensity and dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and differential sedimentation. We determined the average degree of condensation, the distribution of condensate sizes, and the fraction of uncondensed DNA as a function of reaction time for a range of [DNA] and [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)]. We find the following: (1) DNA condensation occurs only above a critical [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)] for a given DNA and salt concentration. At the onset of condensation, [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)]/[DNA-phosphate] is close to the average value of 0.54, which reflects the 89-90% charge neutralization criterion for condensation. (2) The equilibrium weight average hydrodynamic radius of the condensates first decreases, then increases with increasing [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)] as they undergo a transition from intramolecular (monomolecular) to intermolecular (multimolecular) condensation. However, is insensitive to [DNA]. (3) The uncondensed DNA fraction decays approximately exponentially with time. The equilibrium uncondensed DNA fraction and relaxation time decrease with increasing [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)] but are insensitive to [DNA]. (4) The condensation rate in its early stages is insensitive to [DNA] but proportional to [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)](xs) = [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)] - [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)](crit). (5) Data for low [DNA] and low [Co(NH(3))(3+)(6)] at early stages of condensation are most reliable for kinetic modeling since under these conditions there is minimal clumping and network formation among separate condensates. A mechanism with initial monomolecular nucleation and subsequent bimolecular association and unimolecular dissociation steps with rate constants that depend on the number of DNA molecules in the condensate, accounts reasonably well for these observations.
Developing an Interoperable Coalition Communication Strategy using Suite B

Today, multinational and multidiscipline coalition teams are rapidly-formed to support a wide range of domestic and international military operations. As the number of coalition partners continues to grow so do the technical challenges associated with providing secure interoperable communications. There is a necessity for shared, realtime communications to facilitate coordination and cooperation among the partners in any joint operation. Communication suites vary significantly from nation to nation and there are large differences in the technology that each nation employs. This paper will focus on how the open Suite B cryptographic specifications / functions (encryption, digital signature, key exchange and hashing) may be used as the basis for communication interoperability in an unattended, non-Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI) environment. A specific communication product may be reprogrammed with this set of Suite B cryptographic primitives to support coalition operations. This type of approach would avoid many of the security issues (e.g., handling, key management, etc) required today for high-grade ("Type 1") classified equipment and coalition interoperability.
Spectrum Management Issues Related to the AEHF System

Advanced EHF (AEHF) is a follow-on system to the Milstar system. In many important ways the AEHF program is built on Milstar heritage. The design of the AEHF satellite system contains several key features that present spectrum management challenges. Two of the features discussed in this paper are higher data rates for AEHF andphased array antennas on the spacecraft. In this paper we describe the requirements that were derived to meet the national and international spectrum regulations, the flowed-down design requirements, and the verifications to demonstrate compliance thereof. In addition, we discuss the requirements, and the related verifications, that were derived to avoid radio frequency interference (RFI) with other satellite systems operating in the frequency bands used by AEHF.
Robert E. Roberson: A Personal Tribute

(1989). Robert E. Roberson: A Personal Tribute. Mechanics of Structures and Machines: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 131-133.
What does the Q mean? Including queer voices in qualitative research

Despite much of the fear and ambiguity over the use of the term queer in professional and academic settings, we recommend researchers include the language and the population in the study of sexual identity. During our own recent research endeavors, where we both recruited and focused on Queer participants, we learned some important lessons. Based on these experiences we explore the existing methodological literature about accessing and including Queer participants, provide an overview of two studies that both invited Queer participation and examined the population’s experience, discuss the benefits and challenges of incorporating people who identify as Queer, and finally present recommendations for future research.
Partial reversal acyclicity

Partial Reversal (PR) is a link reversal algorithm which ensures that an initially directed acyclic graph (DAG) is eventually a destination-oriented DAG. While proofs exist to establish the acyclicity property of PR, they rely on assigning labels to either the nodes or the edges in the graph. In this work we show that such labeling is not necessary and outline a simpler direct proof of the acyclicity property.
Nanostructured and functionally graded cathodes for intermediate-temperature SOFCs

Nanostructured composite cathodes graded in both composition and microstructure have been successfully fabricated for the first time using a combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) process. The functionally graded structures of these cathodes dramatically increase the rates of electrode reactions, enhance the transport of oxygen molecules to the active reaction sites, and significantly improve the compatibility between the electrodes and other cell components. As a result, extremely low interfacial polarization resistances and high power densities have been achieved at operating temperatures of 600–850°C, suggesting that the CCVD process has great potential for cost-effective fabrication of nanostructured fuel cell electrodes.
A theory for creep crack growth

The paper derives an analytical expression for creep crack growth rate based on a model in which the higher and concentrated stresses ahead of the crack tip enhance creep deformation, thus progressively causing stress rupture and continuous crack advance. The equation derived for creep crack growth rate is expressed in terms of a geometrical factor in the stress intensity expression and in terms of the crack tip radius whose lower limit estimate is the fracture mechanics crack-tip opening displacement. The functional features of the derived creep crack growth rate equation can be compared with those of a pertinent empirical equation. The analytical expression provides some guidelines for alloy and microstructure design.
Organic farming and agroforestry: Alleycropping for mulch production for organic farms of southeastern United States

Organic farming offers an alternative that can eliminate many of the environmental problems of conventional agriculture in the industrialized world. Instead of using petroleum-derived chemicals to fertilize and protect crops, farmers manage their fields so as to take advantage of naturally-produced composts and mulches that recycle nutrients, and control pests and weeds. However, organic farming is often logistically inefficient, because these organic composts and mulches are bulky and difficult to transport. Alleycropping as practiced in the tropics may be able to make organic farming more efficient in the southeastern United States. In this form of alleycropping, trees or shrubs, often leguminous, are planted in hedgerows between open spaces (‘alleys’) where the crop is grown. The hedgerow species are periodically pruned (both aboveground and belowground), and prunings fall directly onto or into the soil where the crop is growing. These prunings add carbon and nutrients to the soil, and provide mulch that helps suppress weeds. Use of prunings reduces the need for composting and hauling manures and mulches, thereby increasing the efficiency by which organic material is supplied to the soil that supports the economic crop. In Georgia, dry weight annual production of prunings reached up to 18.4 Mg ha−1, a quantity high enough to maintain crop production. Thus, alleycropping may be feasible for organic farmers in the southeastern United States.