cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on coordinated development relationship between science and technology innovation resources allocation and agricultural modernization

The allocation of innovation resources of agricultural science and technology can provide important support for the development of agricultural modernization. In the foundation of evaluation index system, by using the comprehensive development level model and the model of coordinated development degree, this paper calculated the coordinated development level of space-time distribution since 2002 on the innovation of science and technology resource allocation in China and the modernization of agriculture. The results showed that, from the time distribution, in 2002—2011, the coordinated development degree had obvious fluctuations, and from disturbance state gradually transited to the transition state and the coordinated development status. From the space distribution, the coordinated development degrees of different provinces were in the recession, distributed and coordinate development state, and there was an obvious regional difference,showing a decline trend in the eastern, central and western region in 2011.
Tissue injury and repair following cutaneous exposure of mice to sulfur mustard

In mouse skin, sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent vesicant, damaging both the epidermis and the dermis. The extent of wounding is dependent on the dose of SM and the duration of exposure. Initial responses include erythema, pruritus, edema, and xerosis; this is followed by an accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in the tissue, activation of mast cells, and the release of mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines and bioactive lipids. These proinflammatory mediators contribute to damaging the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands and to disruption of the epidermal basement membrane. This can lead to separation of the epidermis from the dermis, resulting in a blister, which ruptures, leading to the formation of an eschar. The eschar stimulates the formation of a neoepidermis and wound repair and may result in persistent epidermal hyperplasia. Epidermal damage and repair is associated with upregulation of enzymes generating proinflammatory and pro-growth/pro-wound healing mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, which generates prostanoids, inducible nitric oxide synthase, which generates nitric oxide, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, and galectin-3. Characterization of the mediators regulating structural changes in the skin during SM-induced tissue damage and wound healing will aid in the development of therapeutic modalities to mitigate toxicity and stimulate tissue repair processes.
The population dynamics of the western and northern corn rootworms in four tillage systems

68 Introduction 69 Materials and Methods 71 Results and Discussion 74 References Cited 78 PART 4: INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND WESTERN AND NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) EGG RATIO ON LARVAL POPULATIONS AND DAMAGE 96 Abstract 96 Introduction 97 Materials and Methods 99 Results and Discussion 103 References Cited 109 SUMMARY 119 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES CITED 121 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 126
Consumers Helping Consumers; The Role of Psychological Need Fulfillment in an Online Reviewer Community

Today, customers producing product reviews for consumption by other consumers have become a ubiquitous feature associated with online commerce and are an influential example of consumer co-creation (Hennig-Thurau et al. 2004; Kozinets et al. 2010; Senecal and Nantel 2004; Weiss et al. 2008). Despite important research focusing on how customer reviews influence shopping outcomes, little research has examined how the act of reviewing benefits the well-being of consumer reviewers. We examine this under-researched area by focusing on how a change in a ranking system influences participant well-being in a product reviewing community. Content analysis of reviewers’ posts, following a critical incident involving a change in the reviewer ranking system, suggests fulfillment of psychological needs, dimensions of psychological well-being, may be critical aspects that underlie active reviewer participation. Rank utilized as a feedback mechanism to signal competency development elicited positive sentiments by reviewers, whereas ranking elements perceived as lacking in integrity or reducing one’s autonomy, elicited negative sentiments. Emergent findings lend empirical support for a conceptual market helping behavior model (Bendapudi et al. 1996) and for the integration of adaptation theory of well-being (Diener et al. 2006) with self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan 2002). While the impetus to write reviews may reflect a mix between altruistic and egoistic motives, platforms that enable the fulfillment of individual’s psychological needs at various levels may foster participation through the well-being experienced. Retailer reviewing platform design elements that foster social relatedness through direct interaction with other consumers and provide feedback in writing competency may support and sustain reviewer participation.
Amplification of picosecond pulses with a photonic-band-gap gyro-TWT

We report the amplification of 250 GHz pulses as short as 150 ps without observation of pulse broadening using a photonic-band-gap (PBG) gyrotron traveling-wave-amplifier. The gyrotron amplifier operates with 38 dB of device gain and 8 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth. The operational bandwidth of the amplifier can be tuned over 16 GHz by adjusting the operating voltage of the electron beam and the magnetic field. The amplifier uses a 30 cm PBG interaction circuit to confine the desired TE 03 operating mode while suppressing lower order modes which can result in undesired oscillations. The circuit gain is >55 dB for a beam voltage of 23 kV and a current of 700 mA. These results demonstrate the wide bandwidths and high gain achievable with gyrotron amplifiers.
"Leader Reinforcement, Behavioral Integrity, and Subordinate Outcomes: A Social Exchange Approach (WITHDRAWN)"

Measures of leader reward and punishment omission and behavioral integrity have demonstrated sound psychometric properties and interesting relationships in recent studies. In this study, the psycho...
Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn are constitutively activated and mediate plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are type I interferon-producing cells with critical functions in a number of human illnesses; however, their molecular regulation is incompletely understood. Here we show the role of Src family kinases (SFK) in mouse and human pDCs. pDCs express Fyn and Lyn and their activating residues are phosphorylated both before and after Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Fyn or Lyn genetic ablation as well as treatment with SFK inhibitors ablate pDC (but not conventional DC) responses both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SFK activity not only alters TLR-ligand localization and inhibits downstream signalling events, but, independent of ex-vivo TLR stimulation, also affects constitutive phosphorylation of BCAP, an adaptor protein bridging PI3K and TLR pathways. Our data identify Fyn and Lyn as important factors that promote pDC responses, describe the mechanisms involved and highlight a tonic SFK-mediated signalling that precedes pathogen encounter, raising the possibility that small molecules targeting SFKs could modulate pDC responses in human diseases.
Evaluation of simplified lymphatic microsurgical preventing healing approach (SLYMPHA) for the prevention of breast cancer-related clinical lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection.

563Background: Lymphedema (LE) is a serious complication of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with an incidence rate of 16%. Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (LYMPHA) has been proposed as an effective adjunct to ALND for the prevention of LE. This procedure however requires microsurgical techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of Simplified-LYMPHA (SLYMPHA) in preventing LE in a prospective cohort of patients. Methods: All patients, undergoing ALND with or without SLYMPHA between January 2014 and December 2016 were included in the study. SLYMPHA is a slightly modified and simplified version of LYMPHA. It is performed by the operating surgeon performing the ALND. One or more lymphatic channels identified by reverse arm mapping are inserted using a sleeve technique into the cut end of a neighboring vein. During follow-up visits, tape-measuring limb circumference method was used to detect clinical LE. Demographic, clinical, surgical and pathologic factors were re...
Giant cell arteritis: Pathogenic mechanisms and new potential therapeutic targets

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common idiopathic systemic vasculitis in persons aged 50 years or greater. Treatment options for GCA, to-date, have been limited and have consisted primarily of glucocorticoids. Significant advances in the understanding of the genetic and cellular mechanisms in GCA are leading to identification of potential pathogenic targets. The recent success of interleukin-6 blockade in the treatment of GCA has opened the landscape to targeted biologic therapy. T cells, particularly T helper 1 and T helper 17 cell lineages have been identified as key inflammatory cells in both active and chronic vascular inflammatory lesions. Therapeutic agents, including abatacept and ustekinumab, which can impede both vasculitogenic cell lines are of particular interest. Inhibition of signalling pathways, including the janus kinase-signal tranducers and activation of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Notch pathways are evolving options. Tocilizumab has shown clear benefit in both newly diagnosed and relapsing patients with GCA and approval of this medication for treatment of GCA has led to rapid incorporation into treatment regimens. More information is required to understand the long-term outcomes of tocilizumab and other investigational targeted therapeutics in the treatment of GCA.
To Measure and to Narrate: Paths Toward a Sustainable Future

This contribution engages with the question of measurement of economic well-being from a feminist ecological perspective. It starts from the dual premises that it is necessary to recognize and valu...
Knowledge as Bias

This paper describes an approach to combining empirical and analytical learning using incremental version-space merging [Hirsh, 1989]. The basic idea is to use analytical learning to generalize training data before doing empirical learning. The combination operates like empirical learning given no knowledge, but can utilize knowledge when provided, and therefore exhibits behavior along aspectrum from knowledge-poor to knowledge-rich learning. When used in this way knowledge can be viewed as an explicit bias for learning.
On a Class of Stochastic Bang-Bang Control Problems

To begin with, let us recall a well known separation result for a stochastic linear regulator problem [6],[9],[I]. Let (Ω,P) be the underlying probability space and consider the following system: $$\begin{gathered} dx(t,w) = [A(t)x(t,w) + B(t)u(t,w)]dt + F(t)dW(t,w), \hfill \\ x(0,w) = {x_0}(w), \hfill \\ dy(t,w) = C(t)x(t,w)dt + G(t)dW(t,w),y(0,w) = 0, \hfill \\ 0 \leqslant t \leqslant {t_1}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (1.1) where x, y, u correspond to state, observation and control processes respectively. W(t,ω) is a Wiener process, the matrices A, B,... are, say, continuous in t and of appropriate dimensions, X 0 is a r.v. independent of W(t,ω), t ≥ 0.
Using Functions to Expand the Power of Fortran

Much of the power of Fortran is due to its dozens of predefined functions for performing mathematical and other calculations. This chapter describes many of these functions and introduces one way to create your own functions.
Concurrent programming in a nutshell

Concurrency is a growing area of concern for programmers. The traditional emphasis on sequential programming is giving way to the demands of multicore and multi-processor systems. Programming languages have evolved to support a variety of concurrent programming techniques. This paper gives an overview of those techniques.
Credentialing and Hospital Privileging for Robotic Urological Surgery

Robotic assisted surgery offers many benefits to the surgeon, hospital, and patient alike. As a result, there has been a rapidly growing demand for surgeons capable of performing robotic procedures such as Robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. However, there is a noted learning curve associated with achieving surgical proficiency, which makes it imperative to implement training and credentialing practices to ensure surgeons are properly equipped with the necessary prerequisite skills essential to conducting the procedure. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for the training or credentialing of physicians. This chapter will describe current training and credentialing practices, including proctorship and preceptorship, and discuss the need for standard competency-based credentialing guidelines.
Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole and Benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Semiconductors for Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

Two p-type donor–acceptor (D–A) semiconducting small molecules were synthesized to investigate the effect of the backbone curvature on the organic field-effect transistor performance. The backbone ...
Stoichiometry control in molecular beam epitaxy of BaSn O 3

La-doped $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films were grown on $\mathrm{DySc}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using La, Ba, and $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sources with and without additional oxidant, respectively. Lattice parameter measurements as a function of growth conditions show a reduced lattice parameter that is likely due to substitution of $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{n}}^{2+}$ on the Ba site. The propensity for the antisite defect is discussed as being due to the combination of oxygen-poor, Sn-rich conditions and the dual valence of Sn. Although electron mobilities are highest for films with reduced lattice parameters, antisite defects will pose an upper limit to thin film mobility. Less Sn-rich conditions lead to the formation of another defect that causes a lattice expansion. The combined effects of these defects on the lattice parameter can compensate each other and cause the appearance of a stoichiometric lattice parameter for nonstoichiometric films with poor electrical behavior.
Evol-TL: Evolutionary Transfer Learning for QoT Estimation in Multi-Domain Networks

We propose an evolutionary transfer learning approach for QoT estimation in multi-domain optical networks. The results demonstrate that our approach can reduce the amounts of required training data by 10× while achieving accuracies of > 90%.
Spontaneous large anterior chest wall haematoma causing haemorrhagic shock during enoxaparin therapy.

A 79-year-old male with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, asthma and alcohol use disorder was sent to the emergency room for elevated heart rate detected at his primary care physician’s office. He was asymptomatic. Vitals revealed a pulse rate of 110 beats/min. Physical examination
(2,3,5,6-Tetra-fluoro-phenolato)[5,10,15,20-tetra-kis-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)porphyrinato]iron(III) cyclo-hexane monosolvate.

The title compound, [Fe(C6HF4O)(C48H36N4O4)]·C6H12, represents a five-coordinate iron(III) porphyrin complex in a square-pyramidal geometry with a tetra­fluoro­phenolate anion as the axial ligand. The FeIII atom is displaced by 0.364 (2) A from the 24-atom mean plane of the porphyrinate ring towards the tetra­fluoro phenolate anion. The average Fe—N distance is 2.053 (2) A and the Fe—O distance is 1.883 (2) A. A porphyrin aryl H atom points in the general direction of the phenoxide ring. The mean plane separation between the 24-atom porphyrin planes of two adjacent porphyrin rings is ∼3.7 A, and the lateral shift is ∼3.5 A resu, ting in an Fe⋯Fe separation of 5.6167 (14) A.
Learning from Presidential Debates: Who Learns the Most and Why?

Perhaps one of the most well-established findings stemming from decades of research exploring the effects of televised presidential debates is that exposure to this “information-rich” source of cam...
Privacy-Preserving Authentication Framework for UAS Traffic Management Systems

In 2015, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has announced the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) into the national airspace via a traffic management system - called UAS Traffic Management (UTM) - dedicated to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to support advanced UAV operations such as autonomous and beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) flight missions. The UTM incorporates an identification framework called Remote ID which mandates all UAS operators to continuously identify themselves while on flight. However, the current version of the framework lacks security features and its design has raised privacy concerns among UAS operators. This paper extends the Remote ID framework to include a Privacy-Preserving Authentication Framework that anonymously verifies the authenticity of flying UAVs. Moreover, the framework authenticates the UAV's flight permissions without revealing neither the identity of its operator nor its entire flight path, while at the same time keeping any identifying information accessible to the authorities in case of a dispute. To satisfy the proposed security and privacy requirements, a UAV's flight plan that is represented as a series of waypoints is transformed into localized UAV trajectories which create a set of contiguous flight zones, each with its own flight permission. This framework utilizes the Boneh-Gentry-Lynn-Shacham (BGLS) digital signature scheme to sign and transform each zone information into a flight permission and aggregate a set of signatures into a single signature along with additional attributes used to construct a Remote-ID message that anonymously authenticates flying UAVs.
Art O papel da empresa, que fica apenas no papel: a definição das atividades não garante, necessariamente, engajamento:

Este estudo, desenvolvido com base em pesquisa de publicacoes cientificas e realizado por metodo dedutivo, tem o objetivo de rever o processo de implementacao de sistemas e ferramentas propostos como complementares ao exercicio da Etica, como Governanca, Responsabilidade Social, Compliance, Sustentabilidade, frequentemente interrelacionados sob a ideia de uma ResponsabilidadeSocioambiental da empresa. Embora essas implementacoes sejam cada vez mais disseminadas pelas empresas, especialmente nas de medio e grande porte, uma pesquisa de envolvimento de colaboradores nas empresas de grande porte2concluiu que o conhecimento, a satisfacao e o engajamento dos colaboradores com relacao ao papel da empresa sao comparativamente decepcionantes. Esse papel amplo da empresa exige um engajamento forte e duradouro, pois se trata da perenizacao da propria instituicao, A conclusao desse estudo e a de que o formato de decisao top down, na definicao de implementacao desse processo abrangente de papel que implica em um modelo de comportamento moral, deve ser substituido por uma proposicao da cupula diretiva de formacao de um grupo consistente de colaboradores com a missao de produzir uma analise fundamentada sobre esse papel, em linha com as razoes inerentes da sua existencia e da sua sobrevivencia.
Biochemical investigation of an N-acetyltransferase from Helicobacter pullorum.

N-acetylated sugars are often found, for example, on the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria, on the S-layers of Gram-positive bacteria, and on the capsular polysaccharides. Key enzymes involved in their biosynthesis are the sugar N-acetyltransferases. Here, we describe a structural and functional analysis of one such enzyme from Helicobacter pullorum, an emerging pathogen that may be associated with gastroenteritis and gallbladder and liver diseases. For this analysis, the gene BA919-RS02330 putatively encoding an N-acetyltransferase was cloned, and the corresponding protein was expressed and purified. A kinetic analysis demonstrated that the enzyme utilizes dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose as a substrate as well as dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, albeit at a reduced rate. In addition to this kinetic analysis, a similar enzyme from Helicobacter bilis was cloned and expressed, and its kinetic parameters were determined. Seven X-ray crystallographic structures of various complexes of the H. pullorum wild-type enzyme (or the C80T variant) were determined to resolutions of 1.7 A or higher. The overall molecular architecture of the H. pullorum N-acetyltransferase places it into the Class II left-handed-β-helix superfamily (LβH). Taken together, the data presented herein suggest that 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (or the galactose derivative) is found on either the H. pullorum O-antigen or in another of its complex glycoconjugates. A BLAST search suggests that more than 50 non-pylori Helicobacter spp. have genes encoding N-acetyltransferases. Given that there is little information concerning the complex glycans in non-pylori Helicobacter spp. and considering their zoonotic potential, our results provide new biochemical insight into these pathogens.
Considerations in pediatric intervention research: Lessons learned from two pediatric pilot studies.

Abstract Background and purpose Pediatric populations represent a vulnerable research group. Careful thought must be given to many factors when designing and implementing pediatric intervention research studies. This article discusses methodological and implementation lessons learned from two pediatric intervention pilot studies and highlights facilitators and barriers encountered. Type of method Both studies used a pre/post with 6-week follow-up method and were adapted versions of an evidence-based program, Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE). Essential features COPE is a 7-session, cognitive behavioral skills building intervention. COPE for Asthma was implemented in schools with small groups for elementary-aged children with asthma and symptoms of anxiety. Mindstrong to Combat Bullying was implemented individually in the outpatient mental health setting for adolescents who had experienced bullying with concurrent symptoms of depression/anxiety. Methodological application Both intervention studies were successful in achieving their research aims, but more importantly the authors learned important lessons in how to successfully work with pediatric populations in research studies. Legal considerations, such as mandated reporting, suicide risk assessment and the inclusion of parents are reviewed. Other components, such as working with children vs. adolescents, integrating research into school-based settings vs. clinic-based settings, and completing intervention research in a group setting vs. individual setting are discussed. Conclusions The two pilot studies highlight important factors to consider when designing and implementing pediatric intervention studies. While challenges arise in working with this vulnerable population, research is ultimately needed to provide the best evidence-based care for our future generations. Clinical trial registration The COPE for Asthma study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03481673 .
Purpose in life in ALS patient-caregiver dyads: A multilevel longitudinal analysis.

Objective Eudaemonic positive psychological health (PPH), such as purpose in life (PIL), may be maintained more than hedonic PPH, such as quality of life (QOL), for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their caregivers across the disease course. Furthermore, patients' and caregivers' PPH may impact one another. The present study examined (a) PIL and QOL variance structures; (b) PIL and QOL trajectories from diagnosis, approaching death, with disease severity; and (c) between-dyad and within-dyad relationships for PIL and QOL in patients with ALS and their caregivers. Method PIL and QOL were assessed in patient-caregiver dyads (N = 110) up to 7 times over 18 months. Results Multilevel models revealed the proportion of variance attributed to stable between-person differences was higher for PIL (patients = 74%; caregivers = 76%) than QOL (patients = 60%; caregivers = 55%). PIL and QOL declined in relation to disease severity and time. For PIL, proximity to diagnosis and death moderated within-person change; decline was generally faster following diagnosis and approaching death. Longitudinal within-dyad relationships revealed that patients' fluctuations in PIL were mirrored in their caregiver and vice versa. Conclusions PIL was more stable than QOL and was therefore a potential psychological resource for patients and caregivers. Critical periods-after diagnosis and approaching death-accompanied more rapid PIL decline. QOL was also impacted by proximity to critical periods. PIL within-dyad relationships may reflect a shared disease experience. Psychological intervention focused on enhancing purpose, particularly during critical periods, is a promising direction for future study. (PsycINFO Database Record
Overview of the ICF 1000 MJ experiment chamber design

A conceptual design of an experiment chamber for a high gain ICF facility (1000 MJ) is being developed. Performance goals have been established. Several design approaches are being evaluated through computer simulation, engineering analysis, and experimental testing of candidate first wall components. 10 refs., 3 figs.
Reduced Resource Optimization in Male Alcoholics: N400 in a Lexical Decision Paradigm

Background: Event Related Potential (ERP) studies have highlighted some measures, notably P3 amplitude, that are associated with both state and trait deficits in alcoholism, while studies examining N400 amplitude in alcoholism are few. The present study aims to examine differences in the N400 component, an electrophysiological correlate of semantic priming, in event-related potentials from a lexical decision task in 87 alcohol dependent subjects and 57 community controls. Methods: Each subject was presented with 300 stimuli sequentially in a quasi-randomized design, where 150 stimuli were words and 150 were non-words. The subjects made a lexical decision indicating the word/non-word status with a button press. Among the words, 50 words (primed) were always preceded by their antonyms (prime, n = 50), whereas the remaining 50 words were unrelated. N400 amplitude and latency measures were compiled from ERPs to the primed and unprimed words. Corresponding reaction time (RT) and response characteristics were also analyzed. Results: Control subjects revealed a significant attenuation of the N400 response to the primed word when compared to the unprimed word. Significantly less attenuation was observed in alcohol dependent subjects. No significant group differences were seen for latency and behavioral measures. All subjects had slower RT for unprimed words compared to primed words; however significantly less RT savings between the unprimed and primed condition was noted for alcoholics. Conclusions: These results suggest a reduced flexibility in the cognitive networks and a lack of resource optimization in alcoholics. The reduced attenuation of N400 during the primed condition in the alcohol dependent subjects may reflect an inability to engage similar neuronal substrates associated with semantic relatedness as seen in the controls. As diminished N400 attenuation during priming is observed in both alcoholics and high risk subjects, it may be a marker of risk and a good endophenotype for alcoholism.
How do You Deal with External Uncertainties? Case Studies of a Cambodian Apparel Manufacturer and a U.S. Apparel Import Intermediary

This paper aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of two independent businesses’ daily struggles and hardships within the global apparel supply chain and to explore how these businesses respond to external uncertainties. Two key cases, a Cambodian apparel manufacturer and a U.S. apparel import intermediary, were analyzed based on two kinds of data sources: semi-structured in-depth interviews and news articles. This case study identified different events involving external uncertainties—such as decreasing profits, rising labor costs, inconsistent government policies, and suppliers’ social issues—faced by the study subjects. The results showed that in each case the companies took distinctly different paths to respond to external uncertainties and that their outlooks seemed to be dissimilar, in one case dire and in the other hopeful. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, this study had limitations. This study was designed with a case study approach that is time and context sensitive, so the results could not be generalized to the whole industry. However, given that apparel businesses operate in hyper-dynamic market environments, the findings on how businesses respond to external uncertainties may help other businesses that face similar levels of external uncertainties. This study reveals in-depth knowledge of firms’ daily struggles and strategy-shaping discussions within the global apparel supply chain.
Effects of Excessive Dietary Zinc on the Intrauterine and Postnatal Development of Mink

Dietary exposure to 1000 ppm of supplemental Zn did not result in grossly observable Zn toxicity or Zn-induced Cu deficiency in adult mink. These same concentrations did, however, produce achromatrichia, alopecia, lymphopenia and a reduced rate of growth in the offspring produced by the Zn-treated females. These mink kits also exhibited profound immunosuppression. The in vitro blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to concanavalin A was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in kits born to Zn-treated dams than the response of those born to control dams. The depressed immunoresponsiveness was not a permanent defect since a normal lymphocyte response was seen approximately 14 weeks after weaning and being placed on an unsupplemented basal diet. The impaired lymphocyte reactivity is believed to be the result of altered DNA synthesis in these cells and/or an inhibition of macrophage functions necessary for normal response to the mitogen concanavalin A.
Mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation: combining biophysical studies of photosystem II with inorganic model chemistry

Abstract A mechanism for photosynthetic water oxidation is proposed based on a structural model of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and its placement into the modeled structure of the D1/D2 core of photosystem II. The structural model of the OEC satisfies many of the geometrical constraints imposed by spectroscopic and biophysical results. The model includes the tetranuclear manganese cluster, calcium, chloride, tyrosine Z, H190, D170, H332 and H337 of the D1 polypeptide and is patterned after the reversible O2-binding diferric site in oxyhemerythrin. The mechanism for water oxidation readily follows from the structural model. Concerted proton-coupled electron transfer in the S2→S3 and S3→S4 transitions forms a terminal Mn(V)O moiety. Nucleophilic attack on this electron-deficient Mn(V)O by a calcium-bound water molecule results in a Mn(III)–OOH species, similar to the ferric hydroperoxide in oxyhemerythrin. Dioxygen is released in a manner analogous to that in oxyhemerythrin, concomitant with reduction of manganese and protonation of a μ-oxo bridge.
Recurrent Coarctation of the Aorta

Abstract Recurrent coarctation of the aorta after an apparently satisfactory initial resection is now being recognized. This complication appears especially likely to occur in infants but has been described in adolescents as well. It seems clear that there is tissue distributed along the proximal descending aorta which under certain conditions is capable of producing recurrent coarctation. A review of the literature reveals the very serious nature of this lesion, and suggestions are made regarding a technique to prevent this complication.
A framework for supporting emergency messages in wireless patient monitoring

Patient monitoring is becoming a requirement for offering a better healthcare to an increasing number of patients in nursing homes and hospitals. During the monitoring, vital signs of patients could fluctuate significantly and/or match certain undesirable patterns and therefore ''alerts'' or emergency messages must be delivered to healthcare professionals. In this paper, we address how patient monitoring, specifically emergency messages, can be supported over wireless ad hoc network formed among patients' devices. The framework describes a wireless patient monitoring system that includes patient monitoring devices, routing protocols and information presentation for vitals signs and parameters. This involves a series of decisions in obtaining and processing vital signs, routing over networks, and delivering to healthcare professionals, who must make suitable medical decisions on patients' healthcare needs. Additionally, several design enhancements to improve the quality and coverage of wireless patient monitoring are presented. The performance results for the proposed ad hoc network based architecture show that reliable message delivery and low monitoring delays can be achieved by using multicast or broadcast-based routing schemes. The proposed monitoring architecture is shown to be scalable and the cognitive load on healthcare professionals is found to be dependent on routing protocols and reliability requirement of emergency messages. The proposed work can be extended to provide personalized healthcare services to people in nursing homes, assisted living, home, and while being mobile.
Labeling of epsilon-lysine crosslinking sites in proteins with peptide substrates of factor XIIIa and transglutaminase.

Abstract Peptides patterned on the N-terminal sequence of fibronectin were synthesized and tested for amine acceptor qualities in reactions with dansylcadaverine catalyzed either by coagulation factor XIIIa or intracellular transglutaminase (protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13). On the basis of inverse half-saturations of the enzymes, the order of acceptor substrate affinity for factor XIIIa was pEAQQIV much greater than Boc-AQQIV greater than Boc-QQIV, and for transglutaminase, Boc-QQIV greater than Boc-AQQIV greater than pEAQQIV (amino acid residues are shown in one-letter code; pE, pyroglutamic acid; Boc, tert-butyloxycarbonyl). Sequence analysis of dansylcadaverine-substituted pEAQQIV indicated that the first of the two adjacent glutamine residues was the target of enzymatic modification. Boc-QIV showed no substrate activity with either enzyme. Crosslinking of crystallins in Ca2(+)-treated rabbit lens homogenate was readily inhibited by Boc-QQIV, Boc-AQQIV, and pEAQQIV, as was the formation of alpha-chain polymers in human fibrin by pEAQQIV in the presence of human factor XIIIa. SDS/PAGE analysis suggested that the inhibitory peptides selectively blocked the electron donor functionalities in these enzymatic crosslinking reactions.
Electrical contacts between carbon-nanotube coated electrodes

Contact potential, conduction current, and electrical contact resistance were measured in air and in vacuum as a function of the relative position of two carbon-nanotube coated electrodes. Contact resistance as low as 160 Ω was measured in ambient air as compared to higher than 4000 Ω when contact resistance was measured in vacuum. Electrical contacting behaviors and characteristics are reported. Effects of the ambient air on the measured electrical contact resistance are discussed.
Wear of polyester film

Abstract Polyester film surface damage from scratching is a problem where appearance is critical or where absence of debris is important. Photomicrographs of scratches on different morphological forms of polyethylene terephthalate film are presented and a mechanism of scratch formation is discussed.
Optimization of Fuel Economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Set Based Dynamic Programming

Dynamic Programming (DP) technique is an effective algorithm to find the global optimum. However when applying DP for finite state problems, if the state variables are discretized, it increases the cumulative errors and leads to suboptimal results. In this paper we develop and present a new DP algorithm that overcomes the above problem by eliminating the need to discretize the state space by the use of sets. We show that the proposed DP leads to a globally optimal solution for a discrete time system by minimizing a cost function at each time step. To show the efficacy of the proposed DP, we apply it to optimize the fuel economy of the series and parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) architectures and the case study of Chevrolet Volt 2012 and the Honda Civic 2012 for the series and parallel HEV’s respectively are considered. Simulations are performed over predefined drive cycles and the results of the proposed DP are compared to previous DP algorithm (DPdis). The proposed DP showed an average improvement of 2.45% and 21.29% over the DPdis algorithm for the series and the parallel HEV case respectively over the drive cycles considered. We also propose a real time control strategy (RTCS) for online implementation based on the concept of Preview Control. The RTCS proposed is applied for the series and parallel HEV’s over the drive cycles and the results obtained are discussed.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The genus Armillaria in western Washington.

The genus Armillaria is well represented in western Washington, some species occurring very abundantly, especially Armillaria mellea. The genus was first recognized by Fries in 1821 (4) as a tribe under Agaricus but later it was discarded by both Ricken and Lange who distributed the species among other genera. In 1914, Ricken (23) in his reorganization of the genus, transferred seven species, including Armillaria mrellea, to the genus Clitocybe, nine to Tricholoma, three to Collybia, and four to Pleurotus. In 1914, Lange (18) in general followed Ricken's interpretation of the genus but placed Armillaria rmellea in the genus Lepiota. In America most mycologists have not accepted this abolition of the genus for, although admitting it to be a more or less heterogenous group, they believe that transferring the various species to other genera does not solve the problem. Peck (21), in 1890, describes eight species which, at that time, were known in the United States. Murrill (20), in 1914, listed 14 species, two of which were tropical. He only included three of Peck's eight and left the others unmentioned. Kauffman (13), in 1918, described six species, two of which, A. dryina and A. corticata, had previously been placed in the genus Pleurotus. Again, in 1922, he (15) consolidated the genus for the United States and listed 28 species, eleven of which have been reported for Washington and Oregon, and two of which have later, due to the work of Zeller, been proven to be synonymous, A. ponderosa and A. arenicola (27). Since that time five additional species have been reported by Zeller and Kauffman for Washington and Oregon. In the present article, which is the fourth of a series on the Agaricacae of Western Washington (10, 11, 12), fifteen species are reported. The writer has two main objects in view in this article: to bring
On the energy gap of the dilute Fermi gas for negative two body scattering length

Abstract Van Hove1) has pointed out certain difficulties in the application of perturbation theory to a dilute gas of Fermi particles with a negative two body scattering length. It is shown here that these difficulties may be circumvented if one pertubs, not from the non-interacting groundstate, but rather from some other groundstate. It is a necessary and sufficient condition that the new unperturbed system exhibits an energy gap or gap-like behavior in its groundstate. For certain systems this implies that the true groundstate must exhibit the same properties.
Diurnal Circulations and Rainfall in Taiwan during SoWMEX/TiMREX (2008)

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of the local circulation, rainfall, and heat and moisture budgets is investigated in Taiwan's heavy rain (mei-yu) season using data from the 2008 Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX). Comparisons are made between an undisturbed (UNDIST; 22–29 May) and disturbed period (DIST; 31 May–4 June). Many aspects of the diurnal evolution in surface flows and rainfall were similar during both periods. At night and during early morning hours, the low-level southwesterly flow was deflected around Taiwan's main topographic barrier, the Central Mountain Range (CMR), with rainfall focused near areas of enhanced offshore confluence created by downslope and land-breeze flows. During the day, the flow switched to onshore and upslope, rainfall shifted inland, and deep convection developed along the coastal plains and windward slopes. Atmospheric budget analysis indicates a day-to-evening transition of convective structure from shallow to deep to...
The effect of palmitoyl-coenzyme A on rat heart and liver mitochondria. Oxygen consumption and palmitoylcarnitine formation.

Abstract Rat heart and liver mitochondria, respectively, oxidized palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoylcamitine optimally at 20–30 and 10–20 nmol substrate/mg. The oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA was accompanied by a lag in State 3 respiration that was proportional to the palmitoyl-CoA concentration. The delay in State 3 rates was more prolonged in liver than in heart at comparable palmitoyl-CoA levels. A similar range of palmitoyl-CoA concentrations produced significant inhibition of respiration in mitochondria oxidizing glutamate-malate. The inhibition was not due to a detergent effect of palmitoyl-CoA since addition of camitine restored State 3 rates. Electron microscopic examination of mitochondria at low palmitoyl-CoA levels revealed normal ultrastructure. At comparable concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA, formation of palmitoylcamitine by mitochondria from rat heart and liver followed first-order kinetics. The apparent first-order rate constants decreased with increasing palmitoyl-CoA. These results suggest that substrate inhibition may influence the rate of palmitoylcamitine formation even at physiological concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA. The apparent first-order rate constant at palmitoyl-CoA levels (12 nmol palmitoylCoA/mg) optimally oxidized by liver mitochondria, was one-third the value of the apparent rate constant measured in heart mitochondria at the identical substrate level. The prolongation in time to reach equilibrium may account for the relatively greater respiratory sensitivity of liver mitochondria to increasing levels of palmitoyl-CoA.
Entropy and rotation intervals for circle maps near saddle-node bifurcations

Abstract. Consider a one-parameter family of $C^r$ endomorphisms $f_\lambda$ of the circle. Suppose that $f_0$ is on the boundary of an interval of phase locking and that $f_\lambda$ generically unfolds $f_0$ so that $f_\lambda$ exhibits nontrivial behavior for $\lambda>0$ . We show that the topological entropy and the width of the rotation interval of $f_\lambda$ satisfy certain scaling laws as $\lambda \searrow 0$ and give estimates for each of these characteristics. These scalings depend only on $f_0$ , not on the particular family $f_\lambda$ which unfolds it.
Use of tachometric feedback in nonlinear systems

The use of tachometric feedback in nonlinear systems is considered. It is shown that an application of the Popov theorem can be used to select the rate parameter to stabilise a system or maximise the stability sector.
Development and calibration of buried wire gages for wall shear stress measurements in fluid flow

Special methods were developed to arrange 'Buried Wire Gage' inserts flush to the contoured flow surfaces of instrument plugs of a boundary-layer flow apparatus. The fabrication process was aimed at producing proper bonding of the sensor wire to the substrate surface, without causing excessive surface waviness. A large number of gages were built and first calibrated for the resistance-temperature characteristics. The gages were then installed in a flow calibration apparatus and operated from a constant temperature anemometer system for a series of flow settings to derive the calibration constants of each of the gages. The flow settings included a range of subsonic freestream Mach numbers in order to help establish the gage calibration characteristics for compressible flow fields. This paper provides a description of the buried wire gage technique, an explanation of the method evolved for making proper gages, the procedure for calibrating the gages and the results of measurements performed for determining the calibration constants.
Negative capacitance shunts for vibration control and suppression of reactive input power on rectangular panels

Piezoelectric patches shunted with a negative capacitance circuit represent an effective broadband active control methodology. Recent developments have shown that a wave-based tuning of such shunts applied to beams yields varying levels of control depending upon the configuration, with the most effective configuration being that of a shunt at the root of the beam. That configuration yielded effectively an anechoic termination. The effectiveness of the different configurations may be interpreted through their ability to couple to and suppress the reactive input power delivered by a point excitation, as is demonstrated in this paper. The reactive input power suppression concept is extended to the case of vibration suppression on a rectangular panel, and is shown to predict significant vibration suppression capability.
Design Considerations for Optimizing Storyline Visualizations

Storyline visualization is a technique used to depict the temporal dynamics of social interactions. This visualization technique was first introduced as a hand-drawn illustration in XKCD's “Movie Narrative Charts” [21]. If properly constructed, the visualization can convey both global trends and local interactions in the data. However, previous methods for automating storyline visualizations are overly simple, failing to achieve some of the essential principles practiced by professional illustrators. This paper presents a set of design considerations for generating aesthetically pleasing and legible storyline visualizations. Our layout algorithm is based on evolutionary computation, allowing us to effectively incorporate multiple objective functions. We show that the resulting visualizations have significantly improved aesthetics and legibility compared to existing techniques.
Polarization of neutrons from the 2H(d, n)3He reaction below 400 keV

Abstract The polarization of neutrons produced in the 2 H(d, n) 3 He reaction was measured at deuteron bombarding energies between 60 and 380 keV in 20 keV intervals. Except for an angular distribution of polarization at 340 keV, all measurements were performed at a neutron emission angle of 47° in the lab system. The deuterium target was a thick layer of heavy ice. A helium polarimeter was employed for these measurements. The results of the present experiment indicate that the polarization does not vary rapidly in the energy range investigated.
How Enduring and Situational Involvement Combine to Create Involvement Responses

Abstract Although a two-component model of product involvement is widely accepted, research has not studied how enduring and situational involvement combine to affect consumer responses. This article investigates three combination models. In particular, an additive model is compared with two interaction models, and the three models are tested empirically using field surveys. Results suggest that preexisting levels of enduring involvement neither magnify nor suppress situational involvement effects occurring around the time of purchase, thus supporting the simple additive model.