cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internet path inflation due to policy routing

In our previous work, we used a simplified model of routing policy in the Internet to study the impact of policy routing on Internet path-lengths. This prior work suffered from two shortcomings--it was based on a single snapshot of the Internet topology, and our simplified policy model could generate AS paths that violate peering relationships. In this paper, we address these two shortcomings by re-examining our results with respect to a more recent snapshot of the Internet, and improving the policy model to avoid peering violation. We find that our prior observations regarding the path inflation due to routing policy appear to hold both across time and with respect to a more sophisticated model of routing policy.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Absolute and Partial Vitamin C Deficiency on Healing of Wounds.

It is now well established that the intercellular substances in general, and the collagen of all fibrous tissue structures in particular require ascorbic acid for their production and maintenance. Aschoff and Koch1 made thorough postmortem studies of World War soldiers who had died of scurvy, and demonstrated constant pathological changes in the supporting tissues of the body. Hojer2 found a general atrophy of the connective tissue in scorbutic guinea pigs, and pointed out for the first time a general deficiency in the formation of collagen. In a series of more recent communications Wolbach345 and his collaborators confirmed the observations of Hojer, and conclusively showed that ascorbic acid is intimately concerned with the synthesis and maintenance of intercellular supporting materials. Jeney and Toro,6 when they added ascorbic acid to the nutrient medium of a culture of fibroblasts in vitro, found a marked increase in the number of collagen fibrils that were produced.Since the repair and tensile stren...
A critique of Standard ML

Standard ML is an excellent language for many kinds of programming. It is safe, efficient, suitably abstract, and concise. There are many aspects of the language that work well.However, nothing is perfect: Standard ML has a few shortcomings. In some cases there are obvious solutions, and in other cases further research is required.
Diffusion barrier for a Ag adatom on Pt(111)

Abstract First-principles local density functional (FP-LDF) calculations for a single Ag atom adsorbed on Pt(111) are compared to scanning tunneling microscope (STM) observations of Brune et al. and to embedded atom method (EAM) results of Blandin and Massobrio. The EAM calculations predict a small static diffusion barrier, 0.05 eV which corresponds poorly to the result of the FP-LDF calculation, 0.20 eV. The STM measurements yield a diffusion barrier of 0.16 ± 0.01 eV .
Fracture-like patterns and dendrites from perturbed saffman-taylor flows

Abstract We have studied the effect that two different perturbations have on the flow in Hele-Shaw cells. The introduction of geometrical anisotropy in the cell adds a rich variety of new morphologies whose dynamics reveal interesting regularities. The use of viscoelastic materials, on the other hand, has allowed for the observation of a dynamical transition from viscous fingering into fracture-like behaviour, with many intriguing regularities and with several open questions.
Reliable variables in the exsanguinated patient which indicate damage control and predict outcome.

Abstract Background: Exsanguination as a syndrome is ill defined. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between survival and patient characteristics—vital signs, factors relating to injury and treatment; determine if threshold levels of pH, temperature, and highest estimated blood loss can predict survival; and identify predictive factors for survival and to initiate damage control. Material and methods: A retrospective 6-year study was conducted, 1993 to 1998. In all, 548 patients met one or more criteria: (1) estimated blood loss ≥2,000 mL during trauma operation; (2) required ≥1,500 mL packed red blood cells (PRBC) during resuscitation; or (3) diagnosis of exsanguination. Analysis was made in two phases: (1) death versus survival in emergency department (ED); (2) death versus survival in operating room (OR). Statistical methods were Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, and logistic regression. Results: For 548 patients, mean Revised Trauma Score 4.38, mean Injury Severity Score 32. Penetrating injuries 82% versus blunt injuries 18%. Vital statistics in emergency department: mean blood pressure 63 mm Hg, heart rate 78 beats per minute. Mean OR pH 7.15 and temperature 34.3°C. Mortality was 379 of 548 (69%). Predictive factors for mortality (means): pH ≤7.2, temperature 4,000 mL, total OR fluid replacement >10,000 mL, estimated blood loss >15 mL/minute ( P P P 2 0.55, concordance 89%). Conclusions: Survival rates can be predicted in exsanguinating patients. "Damage control" should be performed using these criteria. Knowledge of these patterns can be valuable in treatment selection.
Lock-free scheduling of logical processes in parallel simulation

With fixed lookahead information in a simulation model, the overhead of asynchronous conservative parallel simulation lies in the mechanism used for propagating time updates in order for logical processes to safely advance their local simulation clocks. Studies have shown that a good scheduling algorithm should preferentially schedule processes containing events on the critical path. This paper introduces a lock-free algorithm for scheduling logical processes in conservative parallel discrete-event simulation on shared-memory multiprocessor machines. The algorithm uses fetch and add operations that help avoid inefficiencies associated with using locks. The lock-free algorithm is robust. Experiments show that, compared with the scheduling algorithm using locks, the lock-free algorithm exhibits better performance when the number of logical processes assigned to each processor is small or when the workload becomes significant. In models with large number of logical processes, our algorithm shows only modest increase in execution time due to the overhead in the algorithm for extra bookkeeping.
Designing informed game-based rehabilitation tasks leveraging advances in virtual reality

Purpose: This paper details a brief history and rationale for the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for clinical research and intervention, and then focuses on game-based VR applications in the area of rehabilitation. An analysis of the match between rehabilitation task requirements and the assets available with VR technology is presented. Key messages and implications: Low-cost camera-based systems capable of tracking user behavior at sufficient levels for game-based virtual rehabilitation activities are currently available for in-home use. Authoring software is now being developed that aims to provide clinicians with a usable toolkit for leveraging this technology. This will facilitate informed professional input on software design, development and application to ensure safe and effective use in the rehabilitation context. Conclusion: The field of rehabilitation generally stands to benefit from the continual advances in VR technology, concomitant system cost reductions and an expanding clinical res...
Changes in Attitudes and Perceptions About Research in Physical Therapy Among Professional Physical Therapist Students and New Graduates

Background and Purpose. The physical therapy profession, through its published educational accreditation standards and its normative model of professional education, has addressed the importance of educating physical therapist students in the basic principles and application of research. The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal study of students relative to (1) their perception of knowledge with respect to research, (2) their perception of what source should be used (evidence-based practice or traditional protocols) for clinical decision making, and (3) their perception of what should be used in a clinical setting for patient management. Subjects. Thirty-six students during the final year of their professional program from a sample of 115 physical therapist students who requested 2 consecutive physical therapist classes completed the entire sequence of pretest and posttest survey administrations. Seventy-nine students did not complete the entire sequence. Methods. A 10-item 5-point Likert-type questionnaire was designed by the authors to probe the students' attitudes and perceptions about research, their level of comfort and confidence in reading and applying research findings published in the literature, and their personal habits regarding reading the professional literature. An expert panel consisting of internal and external reviewers was used for construction of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by the students immediately preceding their research methods course, immediately after the completion of that course, and following the second research course, which included statistics and development of a research proposal. The subjects also completed the questionnaire after 1 year of physical therapy practice. Friedman's analysis of variance was used as an omnibus test to detect differences across time. In addition, a follow-up analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank procedure to examine differences between baseline data and data obtained during each follow-up was done for all items to determine whether a difference occurred at a time other than at the final posttest survey administration. Results. The students showed differences on 5 of the 10 items on the questionnaire during the study. Discussion and Conclusion. These items related to reading peer-reviewed professional journals, critically reading professional literature, relevance and importance of evidence-based clinical practice, and level of comfort with knowledge in research.
Cross-Species Infections and Their Analysis

The ability of certain pathogens to infect multiple hosts has led to the development of genetically tractable nonvertebrate hosts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interactions between these pathogens and their hosts. The use of plant, insect, nematode, and protozoan hosts to study human pathogens has facilitated the elucidation of molecular nature of pathogenesis and host responses. Analyses of virulence of multihost pathogens on their respective hosts revealed that pathogens utilize many universal offensive strategies to overcome host defenses, irrespective of the evolutionary lineage of the host. Likewise, genetic dissections of the defense response of the nonvertebrate hosts have also shown that key features underlying host defense responses are highly conserved. This review summarizes how the information gained from the analysis of cross-species infections contributes to our understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
Treatment of Covert Food Stealing in an Individual with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Covert food stealing is common among individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome. We found that verbal reprimands, delivered contingent upon eating prohibited foods, were sufficient to decrease the food stealing of a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome. Warning stimuli were then used to help her discriminate between permitted and prohibited foods during sessions in which food stealing was not directly observed. This procedure resulted in decreases in food stealing from containers labeled with the warning stimuli.
Sequence Analysis of TnphoA Insertion Sites in Vibrio cholerae Mutants Defective in Rugose Polysaccharide Production

Vibrio cholerae can switch from a smooth to a wrinkled or rugose colony phenotype characterized by the secretion of a polysaccharide that enables the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions. In order to understand the genetic basis of rugosity, we isolated TnphoA-induced stable, smooth mutants of two O1 El Tor rugose strains and mapped the insertion sites in several of the mutants using a modified Y-adapter PCR technique. One of the TnphoA insertions was mapped to the first gene of the vps region that was previously shown to encode the rugose polysaccharide biosynthesis cluster. Three insertions were mapped to a previously unknown hlyA-like gene, also in the vps region. Five other insertions were found in loci unlinked to the vps region: (i) in the epsD gene (encodes the "secretin" of the extracellular protein secretion apparatus), (ii) in a hydG-like gene (encodes a sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional activator similar to HydG involved in labile hydrogenase production in Escherichia coli, (iii) in a gene encoding malic acid transport protein upstream of a gene similar to yeiE of E. coli (encodes a protein with similarities to LysR-type transcriptional activators), (iv) in dxr (encodes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase), and (v) in the intergenic region of lpd and odp (encode enzymes involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex formation). These data suggest the involvement of a complex regulatory network in rugose polysaccharide production and highlight the general utility of the Y-adapter PCR technique described here for rapid mapping of transposon insertion sites.
Coalition deal negotiation for services

This paper investigates an optimal strategy for multiple-issue negotiation for services between interacting agents (service requestors and service providers). We assume the agents are self-interested. They negotiate over both functionality and QoS (quality of service) issues to reach a service agreement, while maximizing their own utilities. We assume each agent only knows its own negotiation parameters. By combining the merits of issue-by-issue negotiation and package deal negotiation, we propose a coalition deal negotiation to optimize the agents' utilities with minimized computational cost. We prove that the coalition deal makes a better tradeoff between issue-by-issue negotiation and package deal negotiation by providing both approximately optimal utility and efficient computation. In addition, we discuss optimal strategies for service-oriented negotiation in a competitive environment.
Commercial Preparations of Lipoteichoic Acid Contain Endotoxin That Contributes to Activation of Mouse Macrophages In Vitro

Lipoteichoic acids (LTA), cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria, have been reported to induce various inflammatory mediators and to play a key role in gram-positive-microbe-mediated septic shock. In a large number of these studies, investigators used commercially available LTA purified from a variety of gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus sanguis. We report here that, although these commercially available LTA could be readily shown to stimulate production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages, the activity was dramatically inhibited by polymyxin B, a relatively specific inhibitor of endotoxin biological activity. One-step purification of the commercially available S. aureus LTA using hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in two well-separated peak fractions, one highly enriched for LTA and a second highly enriched for endotoxin. The LTA-enriched fractions did not induce production of NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages, although they caused a dose-dependent induction of NO in the presence of low concentrations of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (which by itself induced little NO), regardless of the presence of polymyxin B. In contrast, the endotoxin-enriched fractions by themselves inhibited in high levels of NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages but activity was almost completely inhibited in the presence of polymyxin B. Consistent with these findings, our data also indicate that commercial LTA preparations from S. aureus, B. subtilis, and S. sanguis were not able to induce NO from lipopolysaccharide-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mouse peritoneal macrophages, but in the presence of IFN-gamma, these LTA preparations were able to induce relatively high levels of NO from C3H/HeJ macrophages. These results indicate that commercially available LTA can contain contaminating and potentially significant levels of endotoxin that can be expected to contribute to the putative macrophage-stimulating effects of LTA as assessed by NO production. The fact that the purified LTA, by itself, was not able to induce significant levels of NO secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages supports the conclusion that caution in attributing high-level biological activity to this microbial cell wall constituent should be exercised.
The effect of high-dose angiotensin II receptor blockade beyond maximal recommended doses in reducing urinary protein excretion.

The optimal doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for maximal reduction in urinary protein excretion are not known. Moreover, beneficial effects from ARBs, such as tissue protection owing to a more complete blockade of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS), may be independent of blood pressure-lowering by ARBs. In this investigation, we evaluated whether increasing the dose of candesartan cilexetil, in subjects already on the maximallyrecommended FDA doses of 32 mg , would induce a further reduction in 24-hour urinary protein excretion in patients with heavy proteinuria (urinary protein excretion >1.5 g/day; mean 4.4±2 g/day). Ten patients were started on 16 or 32 mg of candesartan cilexetil daily. After 1‐2 months of therapy, the dose was titrated upwards to 96 mg. In all subjects, there were further reductions in 24-hour urinary protein excretion when the dose was increased beyond the recommended 32 mg maximal dose. Increasing the dose of candesartan cilexetil to 96 mg was safe, as most subjects showed no changes in serum potassium and, as expected, only a slight increase (0.5‐0.7 mg/dl) in serum creatinine. These data warrant further investigation, since some subjects may require higher doses of candesartan to achieve optimal regression of proteinuria.
InCl3-catalyzed reaction of aromatic amines with cyclic hemiacetals in water: facile synthesis 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives

By using a domino reaction of aromatic amines with various cyclic hemiacetals catalyzed by indium chloride in water, tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized efficiently.
A `Bottom-up' Redefinition for Mobility and the Effect of Poor Tube-Tube Contact on the Performance of CNT Nanobundle Thin Film Transistors

In this paper, we show that (a) the randomness of mobility of NB-TFT (muNB) is not intrinsic, but rather signals the breakdown of 'top-down' definition muNB and a percolation-theory based 'bottom-up' definition of muNB can consistently interpret the results, and (b) the difference between mut and muNB can be attributed to geometrical parameters of transistor such as tube density, tube length, channel length, etc. and tube-tube contact. Our results not only provide specific guidance to achieve geometry-specific theoretical limits of muNB, but also suggest simple characterization of technology-critical tube-tube contact from a few simple measurements.
Attention bands in absolute identification.

If both the number of one-dimensional signals and their range are sufficiently large (about 7 and 20 dB for loudness), the information transmitted in absolute identification is not much increased by increasing either variable (Miller, 1956; Braida & Durlach, 1972). The data can be represented in terms of Thurstonian discriminal dispersions in which the variance is proportional to the square of the signal range in decibels (Durlach & Braida, 1969; Gravetter & Lockhead, 1973), but it is by no means obvious what sorts of mechanisms would lead to this model. An alternative is proposed, namely, that there is a roving attention band, about 10 to 15 dB wide, such that signals falling within the band are represented by a sensory sample size about an order ot magnitude larger than when the same signal falls outside the band. With reasonable choices for parameters, including the subjective continuum growing as a power function of intensity with an exponent about 3, this nicely accounts for the data. In an attempt to examine the change of performance with range, we replicated the BraidaoDurlach experiment with many additional points. These data are not, however, adequate to decide between the two models.
A distributed table-driven route selection scheme for establishing real-time video channels

To guarantee the delivery of real-time messages before their deadline, a real-time connection or channel must be established before the transmission of any real-time messages. During this channel-establishment phase, one must first select a route between the source and destination of this channel and then reserve sufficient resources along this route so that the worst-case end-to-end delay over the selected route may not exceed the user-specified delay bound. We propose a table-driven distributed route-selection scheme that is guaranteed to find a "qualified" route, if any, that meets the performance requirement of the requested channel without compromising any of the existing guarantees. The proposed scheme uses the Bellman-Ford shortest path algorithm to build real-time delay tables, and hence, can solve the route-selection problem by a simple table look-up. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed route-selection scheme.
Using augmented reality to improve walking in stroke survivors

In stroke survivors walking ability is often compromised. In particular, gait velocity and walking distance are reduced as a result of a shorter stride length and slower cadence. The goal of this project is to apply and evaluate the performance of subjects who are poststroke and are given the task of stepping over obstacles. Virtual objects were presented to subjects walking on a treadmill. Performance comparisons were made with real obstacles in an overground-walking environment. The virtual object method is potentially more beneficial because it allows individuals to practice stepping over objects of any height and length combination, in a safe and therapeutic environment.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Lung Repair and Regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells of stromal origin that have now been isolated from a wide variety of adult tissues as well as from tissues involved in fetal growth and development, including umbilical cord blood, Wharton’s jelly, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Originally characterized as supporting bone marrow stromal cells, MSCs are now recognized to have a broad range of activities, including the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of adult cell types as well as to have potent immunomodulatory properties. As such, they are increasingly being investigated for use in lung diseases. Initial focus was on structural engraftment and repair of diseased or injured lung. More recent areas of research include use of MSCs for ex vivo three-dimensional lung tissue engineering and for use in immunomodulation of inflammatory and immune-mediated lung diseases. MSCs may also serve as cellular delivery vehicles for lung and other cancers. However, the MSC field is complicated by lack of consistent approaches in both cell isolation and culture as well as in nomenclature. Further, it is unclear whether MSCs obtained from different tissue sources have comparable properties. The long-term tumorigenic potential of MSC administration in humans also remains unclear. Nonetheless, a current clinical trial investigating the safety and potential efficacy of systemic administration of MSCs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease demonstrates the potential for therapeutic use of MSCs for a range of lung diseases.
Effect of candidate vaginally-applied microbicide compounds on recognition of antigen by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Abstract Vaginally applied antimicrobial compounds (microbicides) are being developed as an alternative method for preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. In addition to identifying compounds effective against a spectrum of sexually transmitted pathogens, it will be important to ensure that these compounds are safe. Avoiding toxicity, inflammatory responses, or alteration of the function of resident immune cells are important considerations for the development of vaginally applied microbicides. Studies were performed with two classes of candidate microbicide compounds to determine if they would interfere with the recognition of antigen by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The presence of nontoxic concentrations of the anionic detergent cholic acid or the sulfated polymer lambda carrageenan did not inhibit recognition of immune peptide by antigen-specific T cells. However, antigen recognition by both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was inhibited in the presence of the naphthalene sulfonate polymer P...
Paranormal Belief and Attributional Style

52 college students completed Tobacyk's 1988 Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and Peterson, Semmel, von Baeyer, Abramson, Metalsky, and Seligman's 1982 Attributional Style Questionnaire. Analysis showed significantly higher depressive attributional styles among high scorers on paranormal phenomena than low scorers.
Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI signal turbulence caused by ultrahigh spatial resolution: numerical simulation and theoretical explanation.

High-spatial-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) can enhance image contrast and improve spatial specificity for brain activity mapping. As the voxel size is reduced, an irregular magnetic fieldmap will emerge as a result of less local averaging, and will lead to abnormal fMRI signal evolution with respect to the image acquisition TE. In this article, we report this signal turbulence phenomenon observed in simulations of ultrahigh-spatial-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI (voxel size of less than 50 × 50 × 50 µm3). We present a four-level coarse-to-fine multiresolution BOLD fMRI signal simulation. Based on the statistical histogram of an intravoxel fieldmap, we reformulate the intravoxel dephasing summation (a form of Riemann sum) into a new formula that is a discrete Fourier transformation of the intravoxel fieldmap histogram (a form of Lebesgue sum). We interpret the BOLD signal formation by relating its magnitude (phase) to the even (odd) symmetry of the fieldmap histogram. Based on multiresolution BOLD signal simulation, we find that the signal turbulence mainly emerges at the vessel boundary, and that there are only a few voxels (less than 10%) in an ultrahigh-resolution image that reveal turbulence in the form of sparse point noise. Our simulation also shows that, for typical human brain imaging of the cerebral cortex with millimeter resolution, TE < 30 ms and B0 = 3 T, we are unlikely to observe BOLD signal turbulence. Overall, the main causes of voxel signal turbulence include a high spatial resolution, high field, long TE and large vessel. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The measurement of nucleoside deaminases by high performance liquid chromatography and their use in clinical chemistry

The measurement of the nucleoside deaminases--cytidine deaminase, guanosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase--by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography is reviewed. The clinical value of assaying the enzyme activity is discussed for each of these enzymes. Both cytidine deaminase and adenosine deaminase measurements have proven clinical value, although the use of the assay of cytidine deaminase in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia is probably not helpful.
Development and characterization of a genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and other markers.

A segregating population of single basidiospore isolates from a sexual cross was used to generate the first moderately dense genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (Serotype D). Polymorphic DNA markers were developed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and gene-encoding sequences. These markers were used to analyze 100 meiotic progeny. All markers were tested for distorted segregation with a goodness of fit test. Of the total of 181 markers, 148 showed balanced (1:1) segregation ratios. Segregation distortion was observed for 33 markers. Based on all the markers, a linkage map was generated that consists of 14 major linkage groups with 127 markers, several small linkage groups, and 2 linkage groups that consist only of highly skewed markers. The genetic distance of the linkage map is 1356.3 cM. The estimated total haploid genome size for C. neoformans var. neoformans was calculated using Hulberts method and yielded a map size of 1917 cM. The number of major linkage groups correlates well with the proposed number of 13 chromosomes for C. neoformans var. neoformans. Several genes, including CAP64, CnLAC, and the mating-type locus, were mapped, and their associations were consistent with published data. To date, 6 linkage groups have been assigned to their corresponding chromosomes. This linkage map should provide a framework for the ongoing genome sequencing project and will be a useful tool for studying the genetics and pathogenicity of this important medical yeast.
Accuracy and Precision of Two Short Screeners to Assess Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Diverse Populations Participating in Health Promotion Intervention Trials

Two short frequency questionnaires, the NCI 19-item Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS) and a single question on overall fruit and vegetable consumption (1-item), were evaluated for their ability to assess change in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption over time and in response to intervention among participants in 5 health promotion trials in the Behavior Change Consortium. Cross-sectional differences and correlations of FV estimates at baseline and at follow-up were compared for the FVS (n = 315) and the 1-item (n = 227), relative to multiple 24-h recall interviews (24HR). The FVS significantly overestimated daily intake by 1.27 servings at baseline among men and by 1.42 and 1.59 servings at baseline and follow-up, respectively, in women, whereas the 1-item measure significantly underestimated intake at both time points in men (0.98 serving at baseline, 0.75 serving at follow-up) and women (0.61 and 0.41 serving). Cross-sectional deattenuated correlations with 24HR at follow-up were 0.48 (FVS) and 0.50 (1-item). To evaluate the capacity of the 2 screeners to assess FV change, we compared mean posttest effects with 24HR by treatment group overall and by gender. Treatment group differences were not significant for either 24HR or 1-item. Among 315 subjects, the FVS treatment group differences were significant both overall and within gender but not when repeated in the sample of 227. Findings suggest multiple 24HR at multiple time points in adequate sample sizes remain the gold standard for FV reports. Biases in FVS estimates may reflect participants' lifestyles and sociodemographic characteristics and require further examination in longitudinal samples representative of diverse populations.
Introducing Forensic Accounting In The Intermediate Accounting Class

Students are introduced to the variety of accounting careers in their financial accounting courses. By the time students select a major, they begin to focus on career options. Students often find themselves fascinated whenever any area of forensic accounting is discussed. This paper provides a brief overview of forensic accounting as well as a case that can be useful in the intermediate accounting class to highlight the role of the forensic accountant.
Commentary: Does helping mothers with ADHD in multiplex families help children? Reflections on Jans et al. (2015)

Reflecting on the accompanying article by Jans et al., we draw the following thoughts. Future research on multiplex ADHD families is needed to elucidate mechanisms, timing, and a sequencing of interventions, preferably in treatment naive participants. Furthermore, in addition to symptom measures, it is likely that multi-informant measures of functional impairments such as parenting and parent-child observations may help elucidate the complex mechanisms linking maternal and child ADHD, and eventually lead to more targeted, efficient, and feasible prevention and intervention strategies.
NUMBɜRS: The Intersection between Mathematics and Hollywood is Not Empty

(2005). NUMBɜRS: The Intersection between Mathematics and Hollywood is Not Empty. Math Horizons: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 10-12.
Optical Spectroscopy of the Lattice Modes in Graphite Intercalation Compounds

The weak coupling between carbon and intercalate layers in graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) [1,2] results in a lattice mode picture consisting of perturbed graphitic modes, and new modes derived from the intercalate layer. Lattice modes in GICs have been studied using Raman scattering, IR reflection spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. Neutron studies are typically limited to the frequency range ω<;400 cm−1 and require much larger samples, such as can be prepared from polycrystalline pyrolytic graphite. The crystallites are preferentially aligned in this material, resulting in a well defined sample c-axis. Neutron scattering studies have therefore been largely concerned with the low frequency interlayer c-axis modes. The strong intralayer bonding between relatively light carbon atoms gives rise to high frequency optic branches which have been extensively studied using Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Most of these spectra are taken with radiation incident on the c-face (cleavage face). A limited number of optical experiments have been carried out [3] on a-faces, however. The a-face is important for studying interlayer modes which are excited when the electric vector \(\vec E\) is parallel to the graphitic c-axis \((\vec E\parallel \vec C)\)
Response functions of semiconducting lithium indium diselenide

Abstract This paper presents the results of a computational investigation that determined the gamma-ray and neutron response functions of a new semiconducting material, 6 LiInSe 2 , which is very sensitive to thermal neutrons. Both MCNP6 simulations and custom post-processing/simulation techniques were used to determine various detection properties of LISe. The computational study included consideration of energetic electron escape, the contribution from the activation of 115 In and subsequent decay of 116 In, triton and alpha particle escape from the 6 Li reaction pathway, and the effect of incomplete charge collection when detecting neutrons via the 6 Li reaction pathway. The result of neutron detection with incomplete charge collection was compared to experimental results and showed general agreement, where holes exhibit a lower mobility-lifetime product than electrons, as expected for compound semiconductors.
Construction of the 17-Thiasteroid Ring System by the Diene-Sulfur Dioxide Cycloaddition Reaction

Abstract We recently showed2 that the steroid ring system can be constructed with a phosphorus atom replacing a carbon in the D-ring by the cycloaddition of a phosphorus (III) halide with a diene that is a vinyl dihydrophenanthrene derivative, such as (1). The phosphine oxide (3) resulting from the hydrolysis of the initial cycloadduct (2) has some resemblance to the hormone equilenin, which also has rings A and B in naphthalene form.
Mate selection values: A comparison of Malaysian and United States students.

This study investigates the mate selection values of a society in which self-selection occurs (US) and a society in which self-selection is emerging as the preferred choice (Malaysia). The authors measured and compared traditional mate-selection qualities and traits of Malaysian and US college students studying in the US. The study sample consisted of 139 Malaysian students and 218 US students attending a midwestern North American university of over 20000 students. The survey questionnaire was patterned after the Campus Values in Mate Selection questionnaire developed by Hill and Christensen. The original instrument contained 18 personal traits which the respondents rated according to their value or importance in mate selection. Interviewers added an additional 3 traits to the survey which then addressed: love dependability maturity and stability desire for a home health religion ambition parental approval social graces desire for children intelligence personality supportiveness cooking and housekeeping abilities chastity attractiveness sociability financial prospect social status similar education and innocence. Some survey results follow. 1) The value of love was rated higher than any other value by all groups regardless of country or sex. Both groups also rated dependability and maturity highly; innocence of sexual matters was considered the least important trait overall. 2) Religion and parental approval were rated as very important by the Malaysians and as only desirable by the US sample. Chastity was rated desirable overall by the Malaysians and not important by the Americans; Malaysian males rated chastity as very important. 3) Importance of religion parental approval social graces chastity and innocence were substantively and significantly different between Malay and US females and between Malay and US males. 4) Malaysian males rated desire for a home desire for children cooking and housekeeping and financial prospect substantively and significantly higher than did the US males. Malaysian males also tended to rate physical health higher than did the US males. 5) Malaysian males appear to attach greater importance to the traditional family role traits for women than do US males. 6) Malaysian men and women expressed a high degree of consensus differing significantly on only 2 items. The males placed greater weight on cooking and housekeeping abilities in a spouse and the women desired a good financial prospect. 7) US men reported significantly lower ratings from the US women on the traits of desire for a home desire for children and financial prospect. The men rated these traits as desirable while the women considered them very important.
Distribution of Body Water Following Hemorrhage

Summary1. The volume of sulfocyanide available water of cats is definitely increased after hemorrhage. 2. The chloride concentration of serum water was found to be decreased in all experiments save one. 3. The total water and sulfocyanide available water content of cardiac muscle, pancreas, pylorus, duodenum, colon, skin and liver (chloride available water) was increased after hemorrhage. No significant differences were found in the case of skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius and diaphragm). 4. The significance of the above findings is discussed.
Effects of hormone administration on serum protein patterns.

Summary1. In continuation of investigations on changes of serum protein patterns following operation, the effect of administration of hormones on the serum proteins of rats was tested. 2. The total serum protein concentration increased on cortisone administration; no other hormone tested had a significant effect. 3. Pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone decreased the serum albumin concentration. Testosterone, hydrocortone, and cortisone increased the serum albumin concentration. 4. Insulin increased the concentration of alpha1 globulins. Estrogen produced an increase in the alpha2 globulin concentration, which appeared as a double band. 5. Hydrocortone, but not cortisone, depressed the serum gamma globulin concentration. 6. The other pituitary and adrenal hormones, progesterone and thyroxine, were without effect on the serum protein pattern.
Calculation Method of Line Wind Load of Transmission Tower Structure Considering Small-Scale Topographic Features

There is conspicuous influence of small-scale topographic features on transmission lines,however in existing design codes the method to calculate wind load of transmission tower structure in small-scale topographic district is too simple and unclear.The concepts of small-scale topographic district and micrometeorology in the design of transmission lines as well as existing design methods were concisely introduced,and the line wind loads acting on transmission tower structure were analyzed.Through the calculation of wind loads of a typical tower for a typical scan in flat ground and in districts with different small-scale topographic features,the differences among different existing design methods were compared,and then the influences of small-scale topographic features on transmission tower structure were reflected.Finally,related suggestions on the design were proposed.The research results were available for reference to the personnel engaged in the design and analysis of structural design.
Why do we not yet have a suitable vaccine against cholera

The available options, past and present, of cholera vaccines have been summarized above. It is saddening but clear that, more than a century after the introduction of the first cholera vaccine, we still do not have available a suitable vaccine against cholera. The currently raging and expanding new epidemic of cholera in the Western hemisphere dramatically illustrates anew the need, although a new illustration is not necessary if one but considers the innumerable, but unnecessary, victims of cholera of the past which could have been prevented had a suitable vaccine been available earlier. Indeed, it should also be clear from this review that a suitable vaccine against cholera still eludes us and will for an additional period of time. Cholera, a disease of humans only, can be controlled by prevention of human to human transmission, i.e., by universal availability of appropriate sewage disposal and clean water--an expensive solution, but one which will also reduce the toll of the other diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Short of this, we should not be diverted by less than a highly effective, and economical vaccine. The "bottleneck" resides in the difficulty of getting from the laboratory to the field: the essential, and most efficient, intermediate step being the testing of candidate vaccines in volunteers--laboratory animal models do not suffice. Cholera is now, especially under controlled conditions, a perfectly treatable disease. Additional volunteer centers, and studies in volunteers, are essential to the solution of the cholera problem in the near future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
XI. Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg. (1956)

Annuals or perennials. Culms solid or hollow. Ligule a fringe of hairs. Spikelets generally with 2 flowers; rachilla extension absent. Disarticulation above the glumes. Ovary glabrous. Styles 2, not fused. Hilum short or long linear. Embryo without an epiblast, with a scutellar cleft, with an elongate mesocotyl internode, the embryonic leaf margins meeting.
Border Health: State-Level Variation in Predialysis Nephrology Care.

For over four decades, Americans have enjoyed near universal access to treatment for ESRD irrespective of age, lack of qualifying disability, or their ability to pay. However, the health insurance benefits of the Medicare ESRD program do not extend to individuals in earlier stages of CKD, even to
Restoration of Shoulder Function

Restoration of shoulder function in patients with brachial plexus injury can be challenging. Initial reported efforts were focused on stabilizing the shoulder, improving inferior subluxation and restoring abduction and flexion of the joint. Recent advancements and improved understanding of coordinated shoulder motion and the biomechanical properties of the muscles around the shoulder applicable to tendon transfer have expanded available surgical options to improve shoulder function, specifically external rotation. Despite the advances in reconstructive options, brachial plexus injury remains a serious problem that requires complex surgical solutions, prolonged recovery, and acceptance of functional loss.
Supernatural Fandom: The Fandom Business

This chapter discusses and critiques the corporate ownership of fan conventions through a discussion of Creation Entertainment’s Supernatural convention. It introduces the concept of “fanqueue” culture, defined as fans’ sanctioned consumerism. Tying this to SuperWhoLock, the chapter explores a tension in fandom between fan readings and corporate readings of fan cultures. That is, fans both are reliant upon and influence the larger corporate culture guiding fandom. The chapter argues that, although such Creation Entertainment may not encourage fan spaces, fans create their own spaces at Creation, just as they do with SuperWhoLock, and thus preserve the unique moments of their own fan identity.
Image Registration and Fusion

Image-to-image registration is required for many types of remote-sensing analyses, such as change detection, the construction of image mosaics, digital elevation model (DEM) generation from stereo pairs, and orthorectification. Registration is the process that makes the pixels in two images precisely coincide to the same points on the ground. Although the images are then in relative registration, the absolut e ground coordinates of the pixels may be unknown. Registration is easier to achieve with imagery that has been previously corrected for sensor and orbit distortions. Once registered, the images can be combined or fused in a way that improves information extraction. Examples of fusion include extraction of DEMs from stereo image pairs and compositing of images with different spatial and spectral resolutions. This chapter describes tools for automating and improving the accuracy of the registration process beyond manually selected ground control points (GCPs). The chapter concludes the following points: pixel-by-pixel registration requires spatial feature extraction and matching in both images; scale-space data structures are an efficient way to include large- and small-scale distortions; high-resolution elevation maps can be derived by pixel-by-pixel registration of stereo images; and the quality of multiresolution image fusion depends strongly on the radiometric correlation between the fused images, while weak correlation results in poor fusion quality.
Case 1: steroid-resistant cellular rejection in a heart-transplant recipient1☆

This publication introduces a monthly feature of Interactive Grand Rounds, which includes a clinical case and an article discussing a key feature of the case. To receive CME credit for reading the complete article and managing the case, go to www. ImmunologyEd.com, Interactive Grand Rounds in Immunosuppressive Therapy for further instructions.
Monitoring process viscosities with a new oil-line rheometer

The versatile, rugged helical rheometer provides data in excellent agreement with off-line capillary rheometer data, and it can also handle fluids beyond the capabilities of conventional capillary and slit rheometers