cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding the Love Guru in You: Examining the Effectiveness of a Sexual Communication Training Program for Married Couples

ABSTRACTOne specific area of communication that has the potential to elicit a wide range of outcomes, such as enhancing a couple's feelings of intimacy, offending one or both partners causing conflict, improving the communication climate within the relationship, or embarrassing the partners involved, is the discussion of sex. The current project theorized how to initiate and maintain sexual coaching conversations, taught participants the components of skillful and unskillful messages in an online training program, and then evaluated the overall effectiveness of said program. Forty couples participated in an online sexual coaching training program and completed several pretest and posttest measures. Results reveal that participation in the training program led to an increase in sexual and relationship satisfaction, a decrease in sexual communication apprehension, and an increase in sexual coaching knowledge and skill. These results, along with the value of interventive research and the implications of this...
[The neurobiology of learning difficulties: neurofibromatosis type 1 as a model for researching and treating learning disorders].

Introduction Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequent genetic disorders, with a prevalence of around 1:3500. The most important concern for patients and their families is the increased risk of developing benign and malignant tumours in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Up to 80% of patients, however, experience difficulties in learning processes. Symptoms compatible with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are present in as many as 60% of patients. Learning difficulties are the chief cause of morbidity throughout their lives. Development Some recent studies have made it possible to offer a better description of the cognitive and developmental phenotype in patients with NF1. Similarly, advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular processes in cognitive impairment and access to sophisticated molecular genetics techniques have allowed a number of scientific disciplines to work together in the search for an understanding and potential solution to the cognitive disorders in this population. Conclusions Preclinical studies show the enormous potential of certain pharmacological interventions. Transferring the results obtained in the treatment of learning difficulties in animal models of NF1 to the treatment of patients is a step that is currently under development. If it were effective, it would open the door to numerous areas of research that would rapidly increase our knowledge and the possibilities of intervention in this and many other learning disorders.
Reciprocal Exchange Patterned by Market Forces Helps Explain Cooperation in a Small-Scale Society

Social organisms sometimes depend on help from reciprocating partners to solve adaptive problems [1], and individual cooperation strategies should aim to offer high supply commodities at low cost to the donor in exchange for high-demand commodities with large return benefits [2, 3]. Although such market dynamics have been documented in some animals [4-7], naturalistic studies of human cooperation are often limited by focusing on single commodities [8]. We analyzed cooperation in five domains (meat sharing, produce sharing, field labor, childcare, and sick care) among 2,161 household dyads of Tsimane' horticulturalists, using Bayesian multilevel models and information-theoretic model comparison. Across domains, the best-fit models included kinship and residential proximity, exchanges in kind and across domains, measures of supply and demand and their interactions with exchange, and household-specific exchange slopes. In these best models, giving, receiving, and reciprocating were to some extent shaped by market forces, and reciprocal exchange across domains had a strong partial effect on cooperation independent of more exogenous factors like kinship and proximity. Our results support the view that reciprocal exchange can provide a reliable solution to adaptive problems [8-11]. Although individual strategies patterned by market forces may generate gains from trade in any species [3], humans' slow life history and skill-intensive foraging niche favor specialization and create interdependence [12, 13], thus stabilizing cooperation and fostering divisions of labor even in informal economies [14, 15].
El trasfondo bíblico en San Manuel bueno, mártir de Miguel de Unamuno

El ensayo detennina el trasfondo biblico que yace en San Manuel Bueno, martir, de Miguel de Unamuno, lo que se realiza a traves de un rastreo minucioso de personajes y hechos presentes, tanto en el Antiguo como en el Nuevo Testamento. La narradora adquiere el caracter de voz evangelica y relata la vida de don Manuel, un humilde cura de aldea, en quien se fusionan las figuras de Moises y Cristo, y diversos hechos relacionados con ellos. El conocimiento de estas relaciones es indispensable para comprender, cabalmente, el texto unamuniano. The aim of this essay is to identify the biblical background underlying Unamuno 's "San Manuel Bueno, martir". This is effected through a meticulous tracing of facts and characters present both in the Old and the New Testament. The female narrator assumes the character of an evangelical voice relating the life of D. Manuel, a humble parish priest, in whom the figures of Mases and Christ are fused, together whith diverse facts related to them. The knowledge of these relationships is indispensablefora thorough understanding ofUnamuno's text.
The Morality of Misery

“The Morality of Misery” explores the not uncommon fact that social welfare programs and policies come under harsh criticism and inspire moral indignation on the part of those fearing that not only will people get things they do not deserve but also that opposition to these programs and policies is often grounded in the belief that the “undeserving” are receiving certain “luxury” goods and benefits denied to the deserving. Surprisingly, this moral indignation cuts across social class, and even those who stand to benefit from social welfare programs frequently oppose them. Feldmann explores the origins and nature of this moral sentiment, which he calls “the morality of misery.” This peculiar conception of fairness uses suffering to justify suffering. The Morality of Misery is rooted in the experience of commodity exchange and wage labor, and is a “feedback loop” leading people to support their own oppression. The theories of Lukacs and Postone are examined to draw out further implications of misery for critical theory.
Source parameter estimation for large, bermed, surface chemical explosions

Abstract Near-source accelerograms (0.2 to 2.0 km range) were acquired from a series of bermed surface charges (0.075 to 1.65 kilotons) detonated in alluvium at a test site near Yuma, Arizona. The areal extent of the explosion test beds (radii from 18 to 54 m) affords the unique opportunity to study wave propagation from and source parameters of large surface explosions at near-source ranges. P and SV -Rayleigh phases are identified using particle motions. Rayleigh waves at an intermediate range transition to a combination of higher mode and fundamental mode Rayleigh waves at the farthest range. The power law decay rates for body waves (radial at r −1.8 and vertical at r −1.4 ) and surface waves (radial at r −1.0 and vertical at r −0.8 ) are further indication of complex propagation effects in the shallow alluvial geology. As a result of this complexity and the two-orders-of-magnitude range of explosive yields available, seismic source parameters are obtained with full-waveform spectral ratios. Source corner frequency is proportional to the radius of the explosion test beds and long-period-level (relative moment) scales linearly with yield. Spectral ratio yield estimates using smaller explosions as standard or calibration events gave absolute yield estimates within 6 to 35% of the true yield with a linear scaling law. The precision of individual yield estimates is reflected by multiplicative errors of 1.11 to 1.17. Full-waveform spectral ratio corner frequency estimates compare favorably with reglonal P -wave corner frequencies and validate the use of the spectral ratio technique for near-source seismic data.
Treating Arctic Ecosystems as Systems

iStock/oversnap Why should we be concerned about shipping in Arctic waters? What would be the consequences of commercial fishing in the Arctic Ocean? How do we anticipate the effects of climate cha...
Context Is Key: School Leaders’ Approaches in Creating and Maintaining Dual Enrollment Opportunities in South Texas

Dual enrollment courses provide high school students an opportunity to graduate having been exposed to the academic rigor necessary to be successful in college-level coursework, while potentially g...
A modeling framework to integrate exogenous tools for identifying critical components in power systems

Cascading failures in electrical power systems are one of the major causes of concern for the modem society as it results in huge socio-economic loss. Tools for analyzing these failures while considering different aspects of the system are typically very expensive. Thus, researchers tend to use multiple tools to perform various types of analysis on the same system model in order to understand the reasons for these failures in detail. Modeling a simple system in multiple platforms is a tedious, error prone and time consuming process. This paper describes a domain specific modeling language (DSML) for power systems. It identifies and captures the right abstractions for modeling components in different analysis tools. A framework is proposed that deals with system modeling using the developed DSML, identifying the type of analysis to be performed, choosing the appropriate tool(s) needed for the analysis from the tool-chain, transforming the model based on the required specifications of a particular tool and performing the analysis. A case study is done on WSCC-9 Bus System, IEEE-14 Bus System and IEEE-39 Bus System to demonstrate the entire workflow of the framework in identifying critical components for power systems.
Analyzing floating and bedfast lake ice regimes across Arctic Alaska using 25 years of space-borne SAR imagery

Abstract Late-winter lake ice regimes are controlled by water depth relative to maximum ice thickness (MIT). When MIT exceeds maximum water depth, lakes freeze to the bottom with bedfast ice (BI) and when MIT is less than maximum water depth lakes have floating ice (FI). Both airborne radar and space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (Ku-, X-, C-, and L-band) have been used previously to determine whether lakes have a BI or FI regime in a given year, across a number of years, or across large regions. In this study, we use a combination of ERS-1/2, RADARSAT-2, Envisat, and Sentinel-1 SAR imagery for seven lake-rich regions in Arctic Alaska to analyze lake ice regime extents and dynamics over a 25-year period (1992–2016). Our interactive threshold classification method determines a unique statistic-based intensity threshold for each SAR scene, allowing for the comparison of classification results from C-band SAR data acquired with different polarizations and incidence angles. Additionally, our novel method accommodates declining signal strength in aging extended-mission satellite SAR instruments. Comparison of SAR ice regime classifications with extensive field measurements from six years yielded a 93% accuracy. Significant declines in BI regimes were only observed in the Fish Creek area with 3% of lakes exhibiting transitional ice regimes—lakes that switch from BI to FI during this 25-year period. This analysis suggests that the potential conversion from BI to FI regimes is primarily a function of lake depth distributions in addition to regional differences in climate variability. Remote sensing of lake ice regimes with C-band SAR is a useful tool to monitor the associated thermal impacts on permafrost, since lake ice regimes can be used as a proxy for of sub-lake permafrost thaw, considered by the Global Climate Observing System as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). Continued winter warming and variable snow conditions in the Arctic are expected and our long-term analysis provides a valuable baseline for predicting where potential future lake ice regimes shifts will be most pronounced.
Hydration of 9,10-epoxypalmitic acid by a soluble enzyme from Bacillusmegaterium

Abstract A soluble epoxide hydrase which catalyzes the hydration of 9,10-epoxypalmitic acid has been partially purified from cell-free preparations from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581. The hydrase can be cleanly separated from a soluble cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase complex, previously demonstrated in this bacterium, that can catalyze the epoxidation of palmitoleic acid.
On the extraction of shape information from shading

We present a closed-form solution to the problem extracting shape information from image shading, given standard assumptions and oblique illumination. Neither integration nor iterative propagation of information is required. An improved method for estimating the illuminant direction is also presented.1
Introduction to 'The Great Recession and Import Protection: The Role of Temporary Trade Barriers'

The Great Recession of 2008-9 imposed a negative shock on the global economy comparable to the 1930s Great Depression. Nevertheless, one fundamental distinction between the Great Depression and the Great Recession is that the 2008-9 global economic contraction did not result in a massive wave of new protectionism. Comprehending why the 2008-9 economic crisis failed to trigger a downward spiral of beggar-thy-neighbour policies is fundamental to understanding the resilience of the global economy and the 21st century multilateral trading system. While there was not a large scale resort to protectionism, the facts simply do not support the idea that countries did not adjust their trade policies during this period. Policies like antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties – what this volume refers to collectively as temporary trade barriers (TTBs) – played an important and perhaps even critical role during the 2008-9 crisis. This Introduction provides a summary and timeline of events in the Great Recession, including its macroeconomic and trade impacts, the uncertainty over trade policy in 2008-9, and the response to calls for additional monitoring of trade policy. In particular, this Introductions highlights the real time monitoring efforts of the World Bank’s Global Antidumping Database and subsequent Temporary Trade Barriers Database. These efforts both addressed some of the immediate concern about the unknown scale of protectionism taking place in 2008-9 and revealed a lack of informational preparedness that has ultimately spurred this volume’s research. The Introduction then summarizes new research on how the eleven economies of focus in this volume - four high-income and seven emerging – collectively increased by 25% the imported products that they subject to TTB import protection during the crisis. Nevertheless, there is substantial heterogeneity to this result across countries – e.g., developing countries used TTBs to cover 39% more imported products by the end of 2009 compared to 2007, whereas recession-ravaged high-income economies surprisingly increased their coverage by only 4%. Finally, the Introduction summarizes how the volume's authors apply a new methodological approach, as well as detailed, product-level data on TTBs, trade flows, and other trade policies to better interpret these crisis-era changes in historical context.
The Miraculous City: Pentecostal Appropriations of Lagos's Urbanism

Over the past three decades, the Nigerian city of Lagos has been the epicenter of a region-wide religious awakening fueled by Pentecostal organizations. One striking feature of this particular development is the advent of vast campuses operated by the Pentecostals on the outskirts of the city into which hundreds of thousands of believers and supplicants frequently stream. What accounts for the existence of these vast sites and their ability to attract so many of the city's residents? Using one of these sites, Canaanland operated by Winners' Chapel International, as a case study, I will draw a connection between the spatial practices of the city and the existence of the sites. In the process, I will explore the role Lagos plays in the imagination of Africans seeking to gain access to well-being and social mobility and how Pentecostal organizations draw on both these dreams and the existing urban and social conditions in Lagos to formulate their discourses and practices. In this context, I will demonstrate that Pentecostal organizations have successfully positioned themselves as intermediaries between individuals and global forces, on one hand, and local centers of power, on the other. In particular, I will examine the creation of miraculous infrastructure at Canaanland by Winners’ Chapel International as a mechanism for simultaneously demonstrating access to divine power and as a site for the performance of mastery over the forces shaping African societies.
Representative Clinical Cases: Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia, Type 2

The patient is a 44-year-old woman with a history of migraine headache presenting with a 3-year history of pain in the face, described as a primary constant, dull, burning ache with superimposed periods of sharp, electric shock-like sensation predominantly in the V1 distribution unilaterally. The patient states that although she experiences mostly pain in the face, there are also periods of intermittent hypesthesia. The pain is not triggerable by light touch but is made worse by showering, washing her hair, and brushing her teeth. Shortly after the pain started, she experienced pain-free intervals of up to a few weeks, but for the last year, it has been present constantly. There is no history of multiple sclerosis, facial trauma, herpes zoster, or previous surgical treatment for facial pain. Neurological examination is normal with intact cranial nerves, no evidence of facial sensory loss, and normal temporomandibular joint mobility. Carbamazepine is prescribed which produces moderate but incomplete relief. However, she continues to have severe pain.
Deep Learning Based HEVC In-Loop Filtering for Decoder Quality Enhancement

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), which is the latest video coding standard currently, achieves up to 50% bit rate reduction compared to previous H.264/AVC standard. While performing the block based video coding, these lossy compression techniques produce various artifacts like blurring, distortion, ringing, and contouring effects on output frames, especially at low bit rates. To reduce those compression artifacts HEVC adopted two post processing filtering technique namely de-blocking filter (DBF) and sample adaptive offset (SAO) on the decoder side. While DBF applies to samples located at block boundaries, SAO nonlinear operation applies adaptively to samples satisfying the gradient based conditions through a lookup table. Again SAO filter corrects the quantization errors by sending edge offset values to decoders. This operation consumes extra signaling bit and becomes an overhead to network. In this paper, we proposed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architecture for SAO in-loop filtering operation without modifying anything on encoding process. Our experimental results show that our proposed model outperformed previous state-of-the-art models in terms of BD-PSNR (0.408 dB) and BD-BR (3.44%), measured on a widely available standard video sequences.
Streams Flow Through It: Mapping the evolution of corporate governance research

Research on corporate governance, and on boards of directors in particular, has long been an area of interest for management scholars. The research stream has been continuously investigated from th...
Associations between overweight and obesity and asthma outcomes in urban adolescents

Objective: To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents with asthma and to investigate the relationships between anthropometric measures and asthma outcomes including qu...
Using the Landsat archive to map crop cover history across the United States

Abstract Landsat Thematic Mapper has been collecting multispectral imagery at 30 m resolution globally since 1984. One utility of the data has been for detailed mapping of agricultural regions and seasonal identification of crops grown within them. However, the ability to do so has only been applied sporadically and eluded widespread adoption due to cost of the imagery, burdensome preprocessing requirements, and computing not being up to the task. These hurdles have become much reduced of recent with the free and open distribution of the Landsat imagery, emphasis on ready-to-use surface reflectance data products, and distributed high performance computing infrastructures available online in “the cloud.” As such, this work leverages these aspects and investigates the ability to retrospectively map summer crops over the United States (US) annually from 1984 to 2007. Google's Earth Engine Internet-based analytical platform containing the historical Landsat archive in surface reflectance format was used as a foundation for the classification work. Robust 30 m Cropland Data Layer (CDL) information from US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for years 2008 through 2011 were leveraged to train rule-based classifiers which were applied back through time to each year 1984 through 2007. Focus crops were corn, soybeans, and winter wheat – the three largest by area in the US. A large sampling of highly intensive counties throughout the country were prototyped for generation of the 24 years of historical crop cover. For validation, crop area statistics were calculated for each county-year and compared to survey-based information existing from the USDA. Results were muted overall with the average crop area coefficient of determination (R2) correlations for the years 1984–2007 found to be 0.192, 0.159, and 0.142 for corn, soybeans, and winter wheat, respectively. Furthermore, the standard deviations were variable at 0.132, 0.177, and 0.133, also respectively. While unimpressive, it was found as a benchmark that the R2 between the 2008 through 2017 CDL classifications were only 0.478, 0.686, and 0.726 and thus a suggestion that the USDA area statistics are an imperfect measure of map accuracy. Deletion of approximately one third to one half of the grossest 1984–2007 outlier years from the historical outputs pulled the correlations to the benchmark standard. Qualitatively, most of the remaining years classified looked of high quality and were believed useful as field-level thematic crop area maps. These historical cropland maps could provide the ability to better detail the role farming has played on the broad US landscape over recent decades.
User Test Logger: An Open Source Browser Plugin for Logging and Reporting Local User Studies.

Tooling user studies tasks is fundamental to reduce the burden of evaluators, practitioners, facilitators, and observers during user interface (UI) evaluations. However, available tools for collecting data beyond clicks are usually paid, count on limited vocabulary of UI events, have complex setup, or do not provide easy download of captured data. In this context, we present a general-purpose data logger for local user studies able to capture up to 40 different types of UI events. It provides detailed data logging, downloading, and reporting features. The evaluation of the tool was performed in a focus group with 4 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) specialists. The focus group resulted in new features and changes/corrections in existing features. The redesigned tool is open source and freely available to the HCI community. The tool can be used by HCI specialists or data scientists as a core tool for empirical evaluations or an additional data source in mixed methods assessments, offering greater control on types of events captured and counting on multiple types of report.
Vitamin and mineral transfer during fetal development and the early postnatal period in pigs.

There are periods during pregnancy when sows may have a temporally high requirement for certain vitamins and minerals. Proteins transferring retinol and Fe to the developing pig fetus have been discovered, whereas transport mechanisms for other vitamins and minerals are probably present but have not yet been identified. Sow body tissues can serve as a reservoir for many micronutrients, but it is not known whether these reserves can supply an adequate quantity during critical fetal developmental periods. There is a low placental transfer of vitamin E to the fetus even if the dietary concentration fed to a gestating animal is high, but colostrum and milk concentrations can be increased when the nutrient is fed to sows. If the dam's diet contains inadequate Ca or P, the concentration of these elements in the developing fetus and milk will not be affected. Consequently, sow bone demineralization will occur under conditions of dietary inadequacy of Ca and P. Other nutrients can be depleted from sow tissue reservoirs over several parities (e.g., Se), resulting in low quantities being provided in the milk for nursing pigs. Scientific information involving adequate vitamin and mineral nutrition for female pigs to improve conception rate and embryonal survival that will result in optimum fetal and postnatal pig development can be considered to be in its infancy.
The Relationship between Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Activity Participation: A Systematic Review

This systematic review synthesizes current evidence to determine how subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) relates to physical, cognitive, and social activity participation in older adults. Nine peer-reviewed articles were reviewed and appraised for evidence quality. Most were cross-sectional and had high methodological quality. Higher levels of SCI were almost universally associated with lower levels of physical and social activity participation. These findings suggest that older adults who report higher SCI engage in fewer activities. Examining these relationships longitudinally is an important next step to determine whether SCI precedes withdrawing from activities in older adults.
Military robotics and ethics: A world of killer apps

Leaders are ill-prepared for the ethical complications of new 'killer applications', says P. W. Singer.
A Brief History of Intracoronary Imaging

The purpose of this paper is to review the history of intracoronary imaging as it pertains to the development of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. Coronary angiography continues to maintain its stronghold as the diagnostic modality of choice in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Limitations in scope, however, have necessitated the development of adjunctive forms of imaging through IVUS and OCT in order to augment the comprehensive assessment and therapeutic management of angiographic findings. IVUS and OCT have significantly enhanced current day percutaneous coronary intervention. Over the last 30 years, advancements in their design and technology have solidified a framework for clinical decision-making in the cardiac catheterization lab and have helped more accurately assess and treat coronary artery disease.
Flexible customer willingness to pay for bundled smart home energy products and services

Abstract Energy markets are rapidly changing with smarter, connected, more reliable infrastructure and cleaner generation on the supply side, and more choice, greater control and enhanced flexibility for customers. This paper examines willingness to pay for bundled smart home energy products and information services, using data from a set of two discrete choice experiments that were part of a survey by the regional energy provider of upstate New York. To let the data reveal how preferences are distributed in the population, a logit-mixed logit model in willingness-to-pay space and a combination of observed and unobserved preference heterogeneity was specified and fitted. Results show that residents of Tompkins County are willing to pay more than in other counties for residential storage, and that for home energy management there is an important generational divide with millennials being much more likely to perceive the economic value in the smart energy technologies. The flexible logit-mixed logit estimates provide evidence of important heterogeneity in preferences: whereas most of the population has a positive—albeit rather low—valuation of smart energy products and services, there is a considerable percentage of customers with negative perceptions.
Valorizing a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Aqueous Phase through co-production of chemicals and lipids using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising technology to upgrade wet organic waste into a biocrude oil for diesel or jet fuel; however, this process generates an acid-rich aqueous phase which poses disposal issues. This hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTL-AP) contains organic acids, phenol, and other toxins. This work demonstrates that Y. lipolytica as a unique host to valorize HTL-AP into a variety of co-products. Specifically, strains of Y. lipolytica can tolerate HTL-AP at 10% in defined media and 25% in rich media. The addition of HTL-AP enhances production of the polymer precursor itaconic acid by 3-fold and the polyketide triacetic acid lactone at least 2-fold. Additional co-products (lipids and citric acid) were produced in these fermentations. Finally, bioreactor cultivation enabled 21.6 g/L triacetic acid lactone from 20% HTL-AP in mixed sugar hydrolysate. These results demonstrate the first use of Y. lipolytica in HTL-AP valorization toward production of a portfolio of value-added compounds.
Unexpected presence of the nitrogen‐fixing symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A in Monterey Bay, California

In the last decade, the known biogeography of nitrogen fixation in the ocean has been expanded to colder and nitrogen-rich coastal environments. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria group A (UCYN-A) has been revealed as one of the most abundant and widespread nitrogen-fixers, and includes several sublineages that live associated with genetically distinct but closely related prymnesiophyte hosts. The UCYN-A1 sublineage is associated with an open ocean picoplanktonic prymnesiophyte, whereas UCYN-A2 is associated with the coastal nanoplanktonic coccolithophore Braarudosphaera bigelowii, suggesting that different sublineages may be adapted to different environments. Here, we study the diversity of nifH genes present at the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf in the Monterey Bay (MB), California, and report for the first time the presence of multiple UCYN-A sublineages, unexpectedly dominated by the UCYN-A2 sublineage. Sequence and quantitative PCR data over an 8-year time-series (2011-2018) showed a shift toward increasing UCYN-A2 abundances after 2013, and a marked seasonality for this sublineage which was present during summer-fall months, coinciding with the upwelling-relaxation period in the MB. Increased abundances corresponded to positive temperature anomalies in MB, and we discuss the possibility of a benthic life stage of the associated coccolithophore host to explain the seasonal pattern. The dominance of UCYN-A2 in coastal waters of the MB underscores the need to further explore the habitat preference of the different sublineages in order to provide additional support for the hypothesis that UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 sublineages are different ecotypes.
Sensitivity of Thermal Stratification at the Number of Partition of a Storage Tank

This work is set in a series of studies on the influence of different geometrical and physical parameters on the quality of the thermo-hydrodynamic field via the thermal stratification that is installed in thermal energy storage tanks. The idea is based on the fact that undisturbed stratification considerably lengthens the charging/discharging period and therefore satisfies the user's requirements for this stored energy such as hot water. The purpose of this study is to be able to compare between the various configurations and thus to conclude on the optimal configuration before the realization phase. For an aspect ratio A ≤ 3, the central zone always shows the character of a stratification (stratified core), it occupies almost 50% of the enclosure. For 4 ≤ A ≤ 8, the central zone occupies almost 30 to 20% of the enclosure. The aspect ratio influence on the development and preservation (stabilization) of the stratification encouraged us to take advantage of its stratified core creation character but without modification of the shape of the storage tank nor its volume. In order to do this, we opted for a substantially high aspect ratio transformation that disadvantages stratification to a set of superimposed tanks of low aspect-ratio favoring stratification. However, the use of a partitioned configuration for improving the thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank may have originality in itself. In this work, we study the influence of partitions (number of partitions Np ranging from 0 to 7) on the appearance and destruction of stratification in the storage tank. The motion equations have been discretized into algebraic equations using a finite volume approach. To eliminate the pressure oscillations, we adopted the non-shifted grid approach (Colocated Grid) proposed by Rhie and Chow.
Advances in mRNA and other vaccines against MERS-CoV.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic human coronavirus (CoV). Belonging to the same beta-CoV genus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV has a significantly higher fatality rate with limited human-to-human transmissibility. MERS-CoV causes sporadic outbreaks, but no vaccines have yet been approved for use in humans, thus calling for continued efforts to develop effective vaccines against this important CoV. Similar to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV contains four structural proteins, among which the surface spike (S) protein has been used as a core component in the majority of currently developed MERS-CoV vaccines. Here, we illustrate the importance of the MERS-CoV S protein as a key vaccine target and provide an update on the currently developed MERS-CoV vaccines, including those based on DNAs, proteins, virus-like particles or nanoparticles, and viral vectors. Additionally, we describe approaches for designing MERS-CoV mRNA vaccines and explore the role and importance of naturally occurring pseudo-nucleosides in the design of effective MERS-CoV mRNA vaccines. This review also provides useful insights into designing and evaluating mRNA vaccines against other viral pathogens.
Physiological Substrates of Human Aldose and Aldehyde Reductases

The aldo-keto reductase family of NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases is widely distributed in man and in animals (Wirth and Wermuth, 1985; Wermuth, 1985; Grimshaw and Mathur, 1989). Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21; ALR2) and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2; ALR1), monomeric members of the aldo-keto reductase family, exhibit broad, overlapping specificities, consistent with a role in detoxification of aldehydes (Grimshaw, 1992). ALR2 has received special attention due to its putative role in the etiology of diabetic complications (Gabbay, 1975; Kador and Kinoshita, 1985). Most crystallographic and mechanistic studies have focused on ALR2. ALR2 is comprised of an α/β-barrel without a classic Rossman fold at the dinucleotide binding site (Rondeau et al., 1992; Wilson et al., 1992); ALR2 utilizes an ordered mechanism with NADPH binding preceeding aldehyde binding, followed by hydride transfer, alcohol release and rate-determining isomerization of the ALR2-NADP binary complex prior to NADP release (Grimshaw et al., 1990; Kubisecki et al., 1992). ALR1 is similar structurally to ALR2 (El-Kabbani et al., 1995) and utilizes a similar ordered mechanism (Davidson and Flynn, 1979; Daly and Mantle, 1982). However, the rate determining reaction for ALR1 appears to involve earlier steps in the reaction sequence including hydride transfer from the reduced nicotinamide ring to the aldehyde as well as proton transfer (Barski et al., 1995). Thus, kcat values for ALR1 are more sensitive to variations in substrate than is observed with ALR2.
Proving the Defendant's Bad Character

"A criminal trial," Justice Frankfurter once said, "should have the atmosphere of the operating room." The reality is otherwise, as many commentators recognize. Courtroom misconduct by prosecutors, particularly conduct which seeks to prove the defendant's bad character, is one of the most common tactics used to prejudice a defendant. Although proof of a defendant's prior criminal, vicious, or immoral conduct may occasionally be relevant, such proof will always be detrimental to the defendant. Constant vigilance by trial judges, along with self-restraint by prosecutors, are essential to ensure a defendant's fair trial and a jury verdict based on proof of guilt, not proof of bad character.
Proteomic and Metabolic Analyses of S49 Lymphoma Cells Reveal Novel Regulation of Mitochondria by cAMP and Protein Kinase A

Cyclic AMP (cAMP), acting via protein kinase A (PKA), regulates many cellular responses, but the role of mitochondria in such responses is poorly understood. To define such roles, we used quantitative proteomic analysis of mitochondria-enriched fractions and performed functional and morphologic studies of wild-type (WT) and kin− (PKA-null) murine S49 lymphoma cells. Basally, 75 proteins significantly differed in abundance between WT and kin− S49 cells. WT, but not kin−, S49 cells incubated with the cAMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine cAMP (CPT-cAMP) for 16 h have (a) increased expression of mitochondria-related genes and proteins, including ones in pathways of branched-chain amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and (b) increased maximal capacity of respiration on branched-chain keto acids and fatty acids. CPT-cAMP also regulates the cellular rate of ATP-utilization, as the rates of both ATP-linked respiration and proton efflux are decreased in WT but not kin− cells. CPT-cAMP protected WT S49 cells from glucose or glutamine deprivation, In contrast, CPT-cAMP did not protect kin− cells or WT cells treated with the PKA inhibitor H89 from glutamine deprivation. Under basal conditions, the mitochondrial structure of WT and kin− S49 cells is similar. Treatment with CPT-cAMP produced apoptotic changes (i.e. decreased mitochondrial density and size and loss of cristae) in WT, but not kin− cells. Together, these findings show that cAMP acts via PKA to regulate multiple aspects of mitochondrial function and structure. Mitochondrial perturbation thus likely contributes to cAMP/PKA-mediated cellular responses.
Recent High Resolution Pulsed Accelerator Velocity Spectrometer Results

Publisher Summary The timing system clock is driven by the return signal, indicating firing of the deflection pulse circuit. Interrogate pulses are for the transfer of the C.R.T. fast stored information to the slower magnetic drum storage. This chapter also discusses synchrocyclotron, in which protons are injected at the center of the machine and accelerated with a frequency corresponding to the rest mass of the proton. As the protons are accelerated, the mass increases and the frequency decreases. The factors required to calculate the burst intensity in the Nevis synchrocyclotron are the average beam current, which is 0.5 /xa, the modulation frequency of 60 cycles giving 60 pulses/sec, and burst width, which is measured by a Cerenkov counter to be 0.025 μ. When 400-Mev protons are put into a target— no matter what the target is—the figure obtained is 10 neutrons/proton.
The ISM within 300 PC and the Nature of the Intercloud Medium

Multi-frequency observations for the local interstellar medium indicate that the Sun is embedded in, near the edge of, a very diffuse cloud. This cloud appears to be a wispy filament of the expanding cloud complex comprising the shell of the Loop I supernova remnant. Within 300 pc, six largescale shell structures with diameters ~ 100–150 pc including the long-recognized radio loops, Loop I-IV, as well as the Orion-Eridanus and Gum Nebulae are identified. The implied filling factor for the hot (106 K) coronal component to the ISM is greater than 50% within this region. A speculative idea that has evolved in the literature for over two decades is that the kinematically-linked OB associations representing Gould’s Belt, plus the gas and dust of Lindblad’s Ring, require that previous supernova activity and stellar winds carved out a 400–600 pc diameter cavity some 3 to 6xl07 yrs ago. This activity produced a pre-existing low density region, into which the present young loop structures have expanded.
Phenomenologically-informed inquiry in physical rehabilitation: how to do documentation and interpretation of qualitative data

In this didactic paper, I offer an example of how we can use a phenomenologically-informed sociological approach to analyse ethnographic and interview data from a clinical encounter. I show that the value of this approach is not that we will reach a more accurate interpretation of qualitative data, but that it opens up multiple ways of seeing and interpreting thus challenging us to re-think our scientific and lay assumptions. By explicating the interpretation process, I hope to increase awareness of how theoretical and practice assumptions may hinder deep, nuanced, and new understandings of clinical encounters. In doing so, physiotherapists and other health professionals can see the value of seeing clinical encounters beyond clinical models and ask questions of how they understand their work environments and clients.
The Effect of Compressibility on Conserved Scalar Entrainment in a Plane Free Shear Layer

This paper describes a numerical investigation of entrainment by organized motions in a compressible plane free shear layer. Insights obtained from the results of recent three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a temporal compressible mixing layer, at low and moderate convective Mach numbers, are used to explain the effect of the large-scale structure dynamics on the transport of a conserved scalar. At moderate convective Mach number entrainment is found to occur in several intermediate steps producing a marching instantaneous concentration profile. Conserved scalar statistics and fast chemical reaction results at low and moderate convective Mach numbers are compared. Finally, the instantaneous streamline pattern at moderate convective Mach number is presented in a convective frame, and the three-dimensional critical points of the velocity gradient tensor are classified.
The impact of parental history on children's risk of asthma: a study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III.

PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the separate effects of maternal and paternal history on the onset of asthma in children and evaluate the relationship between age of asthma onset in parents and risk of asthma in their children. METHODS We used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We developed new continuous standardized scores for survey data to quantify parental history that incorporated both the occurrence of asthma and the age at onset, and associated these scores with asthma risk in the children. The association analysis was adjusted for sex and obesity status. RESULTS Children with maternal history have elevated asthma risk (hazard ratio of 3.71, 95% CI: 1.19-11.60) than those without, and those whose mothers had earlier age of onset have increased risk of asthma compared to those whose mothers had later age of onset. On the contrary, paternal history had a relatively smaller effect that may be only detectable in larger samples (hazard ratio of 2.17, 95% CI: 0.69-6.79). CONCLUSION Maternal asthma history was strongly associated with the onset of asthma in the second generation, and children whose mother had an earlier age of onset had an increased risk of 3.71. For an approximately 10-year decrease in mother's age at onset of asthma, the risk of asthma for the offspring increased by 1.37-fold. Using our new risk scores led to smaller standard errors and thus more precise estimates than using a binary indicator.
Atraumatic intubation: experience using a 5.0 endotracheal tube without a stylet for laryngeal surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis Vocal fold injury is a well-know complication of intubation, with rates reported as high as 69%. Laryngology textbooks recommend the use of a small endotracheal tube (ETT) to help avoid these complications and optimize visualization. Case reports have suggested that the rigid stylet can lead to laryngeal injury. Given the additional risks, intubation without the stylet is our preferred practice. There is limited documentation in the literature regarding this viewpoint. Our study investigated the feasibility of and potential barriers to intubation using 5.0 ETT without a stylet. Study Design Prospective study. Methods Consecutive adult patients undergoing laryngeal surgery were recruited for intubation with a 5.0 ETT without a stylet. Demographic data, specialty and training level of the intubator, and factors that would predict a difficult intubation were recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results Findings of the participants (n = 67) included average American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification (2.2), average Mallampati score (1.7), average Cormack-Lehane grade (1.5), and average body mass index (28.0). Five patients (7.4%) required intubation using a stylet, and one of these five participants was intubated initially with a stylet. Of these five participants, 80% required use of a GlideScope (P < .001), and they had significantly higher ASA classification (P = .047) and number of intubation attempts (P = .042). One patient sustained an oropharyngeal injury during intubation with a stylet. No participants had laryngeal injury. Conclusions Most patients can be intubated successfully using a 5.0 ETT without a stylet. There were no cases of laryngeal trauma with this technique. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 125:396–399, 2015
The Contemporary Presidency: Executive Orders and Presidential Unilateralism

How should we assess unilateral tactics and their contribution to presidential power in a less-than-unitary executive branch? To explore this question this article examines the provenance of nearly 300 executive orders from 1947 through 1987. Archival data show that executive orders are frequently a less-than-perfect representation of presidential preferences, despite the assumptions of recent work on unilateral power. That is, the issuance of executive orders often involves persuasion rather than simply command: it incorporates wide consultation across the executive branch and, frequently, White House ratification of what agencies wanted to do in the first place.
Speed is as powerful as clairvoyance [scheduling problems]

We consider several well known nonclairvoyant scheduling problems, including the problem of minimizing the average response time, and best-effort firm real-time scheduling. It is known that there are no deterministic online algorithms for these problems with bounded (or even polylogarithmic in the number of jobs) competitive ratios. We show that moderately increasing the speed of the processor used by the non-clairvoyant scheduler effectively gives this scheduler the power of clairvoyence. Furthermore, we show that there exist online algorithms with bounded competitive ratios on all inputs that are not closely correlated with processor speed.