cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary angiosarcoma of the ovary: A case report of Stage I disease

Abstract Background. There are 20 documented cases of primary ovarian angiosarcoma. Most patients present with metastatic disease and respond poorly to chemotherapy. There is little information available to counsel early-staged patients on the need for or efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy. Case. We present a case of Stage Ic primary ovarian angiosarcoma treated with 3 cycles of adjuvant MAID chemotherapy. The patient is without evidence of disease 10 months post-operatively. Conclusion. A review of the literature indicates a potential role for MAID chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian angiosarcomas. Detection of Stage I disease appears to confer a better prognosis regardless of the utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy.
A Facile Approach to Directed Assembly of Patterns of Nanoparticles Using Interference Lithography and Spin Coating

We present a facile approach to the directed assembly of silica nanoparticles (≲ 100-nm diameter) into periodic arrays on flat surfaces using interference lithography and spin coating. Periodic photoresist patterns, used as templates for the spin-coating process, were prepared using interference lithography. Silica nanoparticle dispersions were spin coated on these patterned surfaces, and the resist was removed, leaving periodic nanoparticle patterns on flat surfaces. Parallel arrays and continuous cross networks of particles were fabricated successfully with periods between hundreds of nanometers and several microns over areas of several square centimeters. The morphology (period, layer width and thickness, etc.) of the particle patterns can be controlled by varying the process conditions.
Enhanced uranium sorption on aluminum oxide pretreated with arsenate. Part II: Spectroscopic studies.

In a companion study, we demonstrated that pretreatment of {gamma}-alumina surface with arsenate enhances uranyl uptake under acidic conditions, where uranyl otherwise sorbs poorly. Here, we examine the local structure and long-range order of the sorption products by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Arsenate was chosen for the pretreatment because of its high affinity for binding with uranyl and alumina, and because it is an analog for environmentally abundant and commercially accessible phosphate. It also facilitates characterization of sorption products using As K-edge XAS, which complements U LIII-edge XAS. Fitting results suggest the formation of U-As precipitates with structures similar to UO2HAsO4{center_dot}4H2O (troegerite) and likely U polymeric species at high U concentrations. The ratios among surface-sorbed uranyl, U-As precipitates, and uranyl polymeric species are dependent on the [As]initial/[U]initial ratio and absolute initial U concentration. XRD suggests the precipitates are likely to be highly disordered and poorly crystalline. Current findings evaluate the mechanism by which the pretreatment results in enhanced U uptake and stability and provides a conceptual basis for designing other pretreatment technologies for uranium remediation.
A plasma desorption mass spectrometry study of cluster ion formation from group IIA nitrates

Cluster ion distributions from the plasma desorption of the Group IIA metal nitrates were examined. Two predominant positive cluster species are observed, (MO)n+H and (MO)nM+ (M denotes metal atom). Regular pronounced features are observed in the mass spectra, including enhanced abundances at certain “magic numbers” of n.
Partial reward, the negative contrast effect, and incentive averaging

A total of 169 rats, distributed across six experiments, received training in a straight runway with a 5-min intertrial interval. A variety of shifts in reward schedules, to and from partial reward, were employed to assess the effects of partial reward on the successive negative contrast effect. The results were seen as supportive of an incentive averaging approach to partial reinforcement.
The comparative nucleic acid content of liver nuclei, ova nuclei and spermatozoa of the frog.

Abstract Chemical analyses were made on the spermatozoa, ova nuclei, and liver cell nuclei of the frog for DNA, DNA-phosphorus, DNA-nitrogen, PNA, PNA-nitrogen, arginine, and protein nitrogen. A method in which 70 per cent sucrose solution was used as a homogenization medium for the mass isolation of frog ova nuclei and liver nuclei was developed. All of the nuclear preparations were found to be free of acid-soluble phosphorus suggesting the absence of protoplasmic contamination. Results of the DNA analyses provide additional data in confirmation of the Boivin-Vendrely theory of the constancy of DNA in cells of the same species. Further, it is shown that, despite the high DNA concentration found in the cytoplasm of the ova of the frog and several invertebrates, the theory holds for isolated ova nuclei of the frog. The DNA content of ova nuclei of the frog, collected prior to the reductional division to the haploid state, was found to be twice that of spermatozoa. The DNA content of the nuclei of a somatic cell, liver cells, was slightly greater than twice the spermatozoan content. These results have been discussed. None of the other nuclear constituents showed a relationship similar to that of the DNA content of the nuclei of the cells investigated. The spermatozoa of the frog contained 6.48 picograms of DNA per cell. No comparative data on frog spermatozoa are available. Although the arginine content of frog spermatozoa was found to vary markedly from sample to sample, the ratio of arginine to DNA per set of chromosomes was four times this ratio for ova and liver nuclei, suggesting a higher proportion of arginine-rich proteins in the spermatozoa than in the nuclei of ova and liver cells. This finding may indicate that spermatozoa and ova of the same species differ in the types of proteins present.
A professional master's degree program in computer science

A graduate program leading to the Master of Computer Science degree is described. It is a terminal degree intended to provide advanced training for computer science professionals, particularly those whose original training was in areas other than computer science. The paper starts by comparing this type of program to master's programs at other schools. The potential audience for a program of this type is described. The actual program at Wichita State University is explained and four sample student schedules are given.
The C-Mean: a Methodological Note of Caution

This note re-examines the C-Mean, a method for calculating averages for in dividuals within units. According to Daniel Scott Smith, the statistic C (here called the C-Mean) "has two important uses—in clarifying the definition of the subject under study, and in describing units from the perspective of the people located in them." The note clarifies some ambiguities about how to calculate the C-Means for grouped data and discusses some potential biases in the results. Moreover, it raises questions about the interpretive value of the statistic and suggests that the C- Mean should be used in conjunction with other descriptive statistics.
Characteristics of the Swirling Flow Generated by an Axial Swirler

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the confined, non-reacting, swirling flow field. The flow was generated by a helicoidal axial-vaned swirler with a short internal convergent-divergent venturi, which was confined within 2-inch square test section. A series of helicoidal axial-vaned swirlers have been designed with tip vane angles of 40 deg., 45 deg., 50 deg., 55 deg., 60 deg. and 65 deg.. The swirler with the tip vane angle of 60 deg. was combined with several simulated fuel nozzle insertions of varying lengths. A two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) system was employed to measure the three-component mean velocities and Reynolds stresses. Detailed data are provided to enhance understanding swirling flow with different swirl degrees and geometries and to support the development of more accurate physicaVnumerica1 models. The data indicated that the degree of swirl had a clear impact on the mean and turbulent flow fields. The swirling flow fields changed significantly with the addition of a variety of simulated fuel nozzle insertion lengths
Concentrations of metals in very small volumes of soil solution

A new method of sampling very small amounts of soil solution (0.3 g) shows that soil solutions contain high concentrations and unusual proportions of metals. In the soils studied, the solution is close in both metal proportions and total metal mass to what may be taken up annually by the growth of plants at the sites sampled. Composition of soil solution varies seasonally and with depth in soil
Retro-regression--another important multivariate regression improvement.

We review the serious problem associated with instabilities of the coefficients of regression equations, referred to as the MRA (multivariate regression analysis) “nightmare of the first kind”. This is manifested when in a stepwise regression a descriptor is included or excluded from a regression. The consequence is an unpredictable change of the coefficients of the descriptors that remain in the regression equation. We follow with consideration of an even more serious problem, referred to as the MRA “nightmare of the second kind”, arising when optimal descriptors are selected from a large pool of descriptors. This process typically causes at different steps of the stepwise regression a replacement of several previously used descriptors by new ones. We describe a procedure that resolves these difficulties. The approach is illustrated on boiling points of nonanes which are considered (1) by using an ordered connectivity basis; (2) by using an ordering resulting from application of greedy algorithm; and (3)...
In-Field Variability of Soil Test Phosphorus and Implications for Agronomic and Environmental Phosphorus Management

Spatial and seasonal variability of P presents a challenge for accurate soil sampling for agronomic and environmental management of farm fields. Our objectives were to: (i) evaluate the accuracy of soil sampling protocols (sampling intensity) during the growing season and after harvest, with and without manure application; and (ii) evaluate the impact of temporal and spatial variability on the accuracy of conversion equations for Mehlich-3 to Morgan P soil test P. Two 4-ha corn (Zea mays L.) fields were sampled (150 samples per field; 64 in a regular grid, the remainder in a pattern that optimized distribution of lag distances) in July and after corn harvest. Semivariograms were constructed to investigate spatial dependence. Simulations were done using the regular grid samples to determine the 95% confidence interval (CI) and probability of obtaining a mean within the 95% CI as impacted by sampling intensity. Thirty or more samples per 4-ha field were needed to obtain an estimate within 10% of the population mean with >90% probability independent of the timing of sampling. Manure application reduced spatial dependence and both summer sampling and sampling within a month after manure application greatly reduced the accuracy of Mehlich-3 to Morgan conversions used in New York (P < 0.001). Additional research is needed to expand the database with more fields, both tilled and hay and pasture fields, but based on current research, we conclude that current guidelines for the timing of sampling and number of samples per hectare should be adjusted for most accurate P guidelines, especially if Mehlich-3 to Morgan P conversion equations are used.
Evaluating Gender Significance within a Pair Programming Context

This study reports findings of the gender differences within a pair programming context. A large pool of university computer programming course undergraduate and graduate students was paired into three distinct pair categories: male-male, male-female, and female-female. All pairs performed pair programming tasks under a controlled lab environment. The pairs' final outputs in the categories of code productivity and code design were quantitatively measured, and the post-experiment questionnaire was also measured. The results revealed that the male-male pairs had the highest scores and female-female pairs had the lowest scores in both code categories, but not significantly. In the post-experiment questionnaire, the communication and compatibility levels showed significant differences between the three different pair categories. The male-male, female-female pairs or same gender pairs had significantly higher levels than the male-female or mixed gender pairs. Additionally, the female participants particularly voiced gender-biased concerns about collaborating with male partners in doing the pair programming task.
Umbilical cord blood levels of maternal antibodies reactive with p200 and full‐length Ro 52 in the assessment of risk for cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus

Supported by the NIH (grants R01-AR42455-16 and N01- AR-4-2271) and a Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research Grant. Dr. Reed’s work was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Postgraduate Training Fellowship Grant (595989).
Delivery of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to critically ill, mechanically ventilated children.

Abstract Purpose :The purpose of this article is (1) to describe our method of mechanical ventilation and monitoring of critically ill children during administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) in a multiplace chamber; and (2) to review the complications they experienced during transport to the HBO2 chamber and HBO2 treatment. Materials and Methods :A case series from a universitya-ffiliated children's hospital and regional hyperbaric medicine treatment facility. Patients studied included all children who required HBO2 therapy while mechanically ventilated at any time between April 1985 and June 1995. Results :Thirty-two children were treated with HBO2 while mechanically ventilated. Ages ranged from 3 days to 11.3 years (mean 4.8 ± 3.5 years). There were 22 males. Twenty-one children had necrotizing infections, 9 had carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, and 2 had iatrogenic arterial air embolism. Complications or events occurring during HBO2 therapy included hypotension (63%), bronchospasm (34%), hemotympanum (13%), and progressive hypoxemia (6%). The only complication during transport was one accidental extubation (3%). Conclusion :Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be administered safely to most critically ill children in a multiplace chamber if they are monitored closely. Although complications are not uncommon, most can be managed easily by a team skilled in treating ill children and knowledgeable of possible complications of HBO2 therapy.
A New Approach to Mechanical Testing and Modeling of Biological Tissues, With Application to Blood Vessels

The collection and processing of data from mechanical tests of biological tissues usually follow classical principles appropriate for studying engineering materials. However, difficulties specific to biological tissues have generally kept such methods from producing quantitative results for statistically-oriented studies. This paper demonstrates a different approach linking testing and data reduction with modern statistical tools. Experimental design theory is used to minimize the detrimental effects of collinearity on the stability of the parameters in constitutive equations. The numerical effects of time-dependent biasing factors such as viscoelasticity are reduced by randomizing the order of collection of data points. Some of the parameters of the model are allowed to vary from specimen to specimen while the others are computed once from a database of designed experiments on several specimens. Finally, a new self-modeling algorithm based on principal component analysis is used to generate uncorrelated parameters for a model that is linear in its specimen-dependent parameters. The method, associated with a recently published complementary energy formulation for vascular mechanics, is illustrated with biaxial canine saphenous vein data. Results show that three specimen-dependent linear parameters are enough to characterize the experimental data and that they can be repeatedly estimated from different data sets. Independently collected biaxial inflation data can also be predicted reasonably well with this model.
Nutrient-limited growth of juvenile kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, during the 1982–1984 “El Niño” in southern California

The relative growth rates of juvenile Macrocystis pyrifera in southern California kelp forests were substantially reduced during the El Nino of 1982–1984. The lower growth rates were correlated with increased temperature and decreased nitrogen availability. Fertilization of juvenile plants with slow-release nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer increased their growth rates to levels previously observed when temperatures were low and nutrient levels were high. The limitation in growth of M. pyrifera by levels of available nutrients during El Nino was in contrast to the usual limitation of growth by irradiance during non-El Nino years. Thus, there was a shift in the relative importance of factors controlling growth of juvenile M. pyrifera during El Nino.
Renal cell carcinoma: taking care of business.

No Abstract AvailableCommentary to:Mismatch Repair Gene Mutations in Renal Cell CarcinomaFredrick S. Leach, Moon Koh, Kirti Sharma, Glenn McWilliams, LaTonia Talifero-Smith, Amanda Codd, Raul Olea and Ossama ElbahloulKey Words:Mismatch repair, hMLH1, Renal cell carcinoma, Microsatellite instability
Analysis of the vocal repertoire of adult pikas: ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Abstract Analyses of vocalizations and behaviour of field and captive populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) indicate that adults use at least nine structurally distinct acoustic signals in a variety of contexts. The pika acoustic repertoire more closely resembles in size and form the repertoires of many rodent species rather than those of other lagomorphs. The evolution of an elaborate acoustic repertoire has been influenced both by the pikas' atypical social organization and the visually disruptive environment in which they live.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of a frame stiffened with tension members

Abstract Finite element techniques were applied to the analysis of a general curved frame stiffened with tension members. Curved stiffened frames are found in a variety of structures such as space structures and cable roof structures. A tennis racket was used as a specific example problem. The model discussed here has the flexibility to deal with any frame shape and stringing pattern. The strings of the structure are modeled using nonlinear cable theory. The frame is modeled with linear isoparametric elements. Group iteration is used to analyze the two substructures, resulting in displacements, forces, and stresses for the entire structure.
Fine mapping of the Pc locus of Sorghum bicolor , a gene controlling the reaction to a fungal pathogen and its host-selective toxin

Milo disease in sorghum is caused by isolates of the soil-borne fungus Periconia circinata that produce PC-toxin. Susceptibility to milo disease is conditioned by a single, semi-dominant gene, termed Pc. The susceptible allele (Pc) converts to a resistant form (pc) spontaneously at a gametic frequency of 10−3 to 10−4. A high-density genetic map was constructed around the Pc locus using DNA markers, allowing the Pc gene to be delimited to a 0.9 cM region on the short arm of sorghum chromosome 9. Physically, the Pc-region was covered by a single BAC clone. Sequence analysis of this BAC revealed twelve gene candidates. Several of the predicted genes in the region are homologous to disease resistance loci, including one NBS-LRR resistance gene analogue that is present in multiple tandem copies. Analysis of pc isolines derived from Pc/Pc sorghum suggests that one or more members of this NBS-LRR gene family are the Pc genes that condition susceptibility.
Theory of pulsed irradiation microstructures

Abstract Flux pulsing is predicted to influence microstructures because of pulse annealing effects on aggregate annealing and on point defect annealing. Specifically void annealing and vacancy annealing are analyzed. A high dislocation density enhances the void annealing effect but inhibits the point defect annealing effect. Furthermore, pulsing effects are greater for higher damage rates and smaller defect aggregates. It is concluded that pulsed ion irradiations can simulate pulsed fusion irradiations if it is recognized that the ions exaggerate the expected neutron effect.
Dependence of rainfall on vegetation: theoretical considerations, simulation experiments, observations, and inferences from simulated atmospheric soundings

Abstract Several simulation experiments, aimed at some selected tropical regions, have been carried out with a number of different state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs). Most of the earlier experiments were conducted with GCMs using highly simplified parametrizations of the biosphere while others, particularly the more recent ones, used GCMs with much more realistic parametrization of the biosphere. The influences of three different aspects of the vegetation, namely the surface albedo, the evapotranspiration, and the surface roughness, have been examined in the former studies whereas the influences of realistic vegetation anomalies, either observed or anticipated, have been examined in the latter studies. Almost all these studies have shown that vegetation increases rainfall. This paper demonstrates how the dependence of convective rainfall (which is the major component of the total rainfall in tropics) on the local vegetation can be inferred by probing into interactions among vegetation, boundary layer, and moist convection. Our sensitivity tests on a large variety of simulated atmospheric soundings strongly in support the rationale behind these inferences.
The Influence of Emotional State and Pictorial Cues on Perceptual Judgments

Perspective displays (e.g., CDTI) are commonly used as decision aids in environments characterized by periods of high emotional arousal (e.g., terrain enhanced primary flight displays). However, little attention has been devoted to understanding how emotional state, independently or in conjunction with other perceptual factors (e.g., pictorial depth cues), can impact perceptual judgments. Preliminary research suggests that induced emotional state (positive or negative) adversely impacts size comparisons in perspective displays (Tran & Raddatz, 2006). This study further investigated how size comparisons are affected by emotional state and pictorial depth cues while attenuating the limitations of the Tran & Raddatz (2006) study. Results confirmed that observers do make slower judgments under induced emotional state. However, observers under negative emotional state showed higher sensitivity (d’) and required more evidence to respond that a size difference exists (response bias) than observers under positive emotional state. Implications for display design and human performance are discussed.
On the microscopic definitions of the dislocation density tensor

The dislocation density tensor at the macroscale may be obtained by using two seemingly disparate definitions given by Nye and Arsenlis and Parks. Nye’s definition depends on counting the dislocations crossing a Burgers circuit of infinitesimal area at the macroscale, where as Arsenlis and Parks’s definition is defined as an integrated property of dislocations within an infinitesimal volume. In this paper, it is shown that Arsenlis and Parks’ and Nye’s definitions for the dislocation density tensor are equivalent when conditions on the length scales of the spacing and curvature of the dislocation lines are obeyed. It is also shown that the definition by Arsenlis and Parks, which can be easily employed in microscopic dislocation dynamics simulations, follows the fundamental extensive property of the Burgers vector, namely, the total Burgers vector of a Burgers circuit is the sum of Burgers vectors of individual dislocation lines intersecting the circuit.
Affective State Recognition and Adaptation in Human-Robot Interaction: A Design Approach

It is argued that a robotic system that is capable of implicit communication with a human and can modify its behavior appropriately based on such communication could be useful. This paper presents a closed loop human-robot interaction framework where the robot can recognize the affective state of the human implicitly and adapt to it appropriately. Affective cues are inferred by a robot in real-time using psychophysiological analysis where the physiological signals are measured through wearable biofeedback sensors. A robot-based basketball game is designed where a robotic "coach" monitors the participant's anxiety to alter the difficulty level of the game in a real-time closed loop manner. The results are compared with situations when anxiety is not monitored and the game is adapted only according to the performance. Results show that monitoring and responding to affective cues led to higher performance improvement of the participants under lower anxiety. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the impact of such implicit communication between a robot and a human has been demonstrated experimentally.
Paramyxovirus-like inclusions in rubella syndrome†

A Negro female infant with recurrent respiratory infections, nodular generalized skinrash, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly was studied from 3 to 34 months of age. Initially she had inadequate delayed immune response, which became normal at 34 months. She had a persistently elevated IgM antibody level. Skin and lymph node biopsies on electron microscopy showed paramyxovirus-like intracytoplasmic inclusions similar to those seen in systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus and in dermatomyositis. The infant and mother did not have clinical or laboratory evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The rubella hemagglutination inhibition titers were persistently elevated during the period of follow-up.
Aortic dissection with the entrance tear in transverse aorta: analysis of 12 autopsy patients.

Abstract Clinical and autopsy findings are described in 12 patients who had fatal aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the transverse aorta. The 12 patients represent 7% of 182 autopsies of spontaneous aortic dissection studied by us. The ages cf the 12 patients at death ranged from 37 to 87 years (mean, 67 years). Eight were men; 8 had a history of systemic hypertension, and 10 had hearts of increased weight. Diagnosis of aortic dissection was made during life in only 4 of the 12 patients. All 12 patients died of rupture of the false channel within 2 weeks of onset of signs or symptoms compatible with dissection. The direction of aortic dissection from the entrance tear was entirely retrograde in 4 patients, entirely anterograde in 4 patients, and in both directions in 4 patients. Hemopericardium occurred in the first group, left hemothorax in the second group, and either in the last group. Of the 8 patients in whom the ascending aorta was involved, the retrograde dissection in each extended to the aortic root, 6 had pulmonary adventitial hemorrhage, and 4 had involvement of the arch arteries by dissection. In the 4 patients with strictly anterograde dissection, none had dissection in the arch arteries. Thus, tear in the transverse aorta causes a dissection that is usually fatal, that often dissects retrogradely, and that may mimic dissection from a tear in ascending aorta. Aortic dissection from a tear in transverse aorta requires early operative intervention.
Pseudoreduction of intussusception: Is ileal reflux the end point?

Two cases of unsuccessful hydrostatic reduction of intussusception are reported. Both were associated with barium filling multiple loops of distal ileum, despite lack of complete reduction of the intussusception. The presence of free ileal reflux does not guarantee successful reduction. Careful examination of the cecum for residual intussusceptum and of non-contrast-filled small-bowel loops for evidence of remaining small-bowel obstruction is essential to recognize unsuccessful reduction.
The SingAboutScience.org database: An educational resource for instructors and students

Potential benefits of incorporating music into science and math curricula include enhanced recall of information, counteraction of perceptions that the material is dull or impenetrable, and opportunities for active student engagement and creativity. To help instructors and others find songs suited to their needs, I created the “Math And Science Song Information, Viewable Everywhere” database in March of 2004. Recently rebranded as the SingAboutScience.org database, it now covers >5,500 songs varying widely in topic and grade level. Website visitors may search the database using such criteria as keywords from lyrics, performer/songwriter names, and age ranges targeted by songs. Changes in the database's contents over the past 7 years suggest that the online availability of educational songs has increased greatly during this period. College biochemistry and molecular biology instructors can use the database to find songs covering core concepts for majors and nonmajors as well as relevant material from related subjects, such as physics and mathematics. In offering teachers and students a menu of existing scientific songs, the database may inspire some of them to create additional content-rich music.
A Generalized Multiple Instance Learning Algorithm with Multiple Selection Strategies for Cross Granular Learning

Statistical learning techniques provide a robust framework for learning representations of semantic concepts from multimedia features. The bottleneck is the number of training samples needed to construct robust models. This is particularly expensive when the annotation needs to happen at finer granularity. We present a novel approach where the annotations may be entered at coarser spatial granularity while the concept may still be learnt at finer granularity. This can speed up annotation significantly. Using the multiple instance learning paradigm, we show that it is possible to learn representations of concepts occurring at the regional level by using annotations for several images. We present a generalized multiple instance learning algorithm with three variations in the strategy to select the most likely positive instance from a positively annotated bag. Furthermore, we show how the three strategies can be combined to improve upon any single strategy and demonstrate 15 % performance improvement over any single strategy using a few regional semantic concepts from the TRECVID 2003 benchmark corpus.
Effect of Gamma Radiation Upon Cherries

SUMMARY The effect of gamma radiation upon the quality of sweet cherries was studied. Softening was detected which progressed rapidly above a threshold dose of approximately 50 kilorads and was related to the degradation of pectic constituents of the fruit. Although respiratory O2 consumption and CO2 evolution were stimulated during irradiation, the response subsided slowly after irradiation ceased. Color bleaching occurred only at the high doses. Despite a marked initial reduction in microbial contamination, extended storage periods showed increased microbial spoilage. A reduction in the development of brown-rot during high-temperature short-time storage resulted from kilorad doses of radiation. There was a slightly increased rate of sulfur dioxide bleaching and increased yield of brined cherries, but this was accompanied by loss of texture of the finished product.
Laser modification of preformed polymer microchannels: application to reduce band broadening around turns subject to electrokinetic flow.

A pulsed UV excimer laser (KrF, 248 nm) was used to modify the surface charge on the side wall of hot-embossed microchannels fabricated in a poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate. Subablation level fluences, less than 2385 mJ/cm2, were used to prevent any changes in the physical morphology of the surface. It is shown that the electroosmotic mobility, induced by an electric field applied along the length of the channel, increases by an average of 4% in the regions that have been exposed to UV laser pulses compared to nonexposed regions. Furthermore, application of UV modification to electroosmotic flow around a 90° turn results in a decrease in band broadening, as measured by the average decrease in the plate height of 40% compared to flow around a nonmodified turn. The ability to modify the surface charge on specific surfaces within a preformed plastic microchannel allows for fine control, adjustment, and modulation of the electroosmotic flow without using wall coatings or changing the geometry of the chann...
SERUM INHIBITORY ACTIVITY TO GLUCURONYL TRANSFERASE IN PYLORIC STENOSIS

The unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia noted in infants with pyloric stenosis (PS) Is believed secondary to a reduction in hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase (GT) activity. In order to determine if a circulating inhibitor to GT is present and related to the reduced activity and the jaundice, 60 infants with PS were studied immediately prior to surgery. Bilirubins were determined in all infants and 42 sera, 43 gastric aspirate specimens and 29 urine samples were assayed for a possible inhibitor of GT. The mean total serum bilirubin concentration was 1.6mg/dl and the unconjugated fraction was 1.2mg/dl with 35 patients having values in excess of 1.1mg/dl. The 72 urine and gastric aspirate specimens revealed no inhibitory activity while 28 of the 42 sera demonstrated significant (> 20%) inhibitory activity with a mean of 39% inhibition of GT using a standardized in vitro assay. 12 age matched healthy infants served as controls and demonstrated no serum inhibitory activity. Of the 28 infants with significant serum inhibition only 10 had elevated serum bilirubin concentrations while 14 patients had hyperbilirubinemia without serum inhibitory activity present. These data confirm the frequent appearance of jaundice, establish the presence of significant serum inhibitory activity against GT but show no relationship between a circulating inhibitor of GT and hyper-bilirubinemia in infants with PS.
Inner, outer, and generalized inverses in banach and hilbert spaces

This paper develops a comprehensive theory of generalized inverse operators on Banach spaces. The paper is partly expository and partly new results. The expository part develops a unified theory of generalized inverses of linear (but not necessarily bounded) operators on normed spaces together with the additional properties that obtain in Hilbert spaces. This part provides a simplification and an extension of the unified approach developed by Nashed and Votruba for several generalized inverses of linear operators on topological vector spaces. The new results deal with bounded inner and bounded outer inverses, new extremal and proximinal properties and a few related observations and properties in several sections. The approach of this paper is to develop the theory of generalized inverses in Banach spaces starting from the well known algebraic theory of generalized inverses of an arbitrary linear transformation acting between vector spaces. Algebraic complements to subspaces and algebraic projectors pla y ...
Writing the Unwritten Life of the Islamic Eve: Menstruation and the Demonization of Motherhood

Western scholars have long studied Jewish and Christian influence in shaping early Islamic tradition, but almost none of them has considered Eve's transformation as a critical part of the “genesis” of an Islamic historical framework and the evolution of its gender categories. I trace the transformation of the wife of Adam from the revelation contained in the Qurʾan and note the abrupt and distinct changes wrought upon this Qurʾanic persona in post-Qurʾanic sources in the matters of menstruation and motherhood. The figure of Satan plays a pivotal role in both of these biological aspects of Eve's biography. Her function as the first woman serves to explain not just the physiology of all women, but also the essential aspects of character that allegedly make all females different from the normative male in biology and behavior. As a wife, Eve is tested and fails, but as a mother, she both fails and passes the test of satanic temptation. I argue that in her role as wife, she is depicted in post-Qurʾanic sources in accordance with pre-Islamic monotheist precedent. However, in Eve's role as mother—especially as the mother of the prophetic patriline that culminates in Muhammad—Muslim scholars distinguished the meaning and implications of her temptation as distinctly Islamic. Eve embodied a fusion of traditions, a continuity of monotheistic meanings about the feminine in the Middle East, as well as an identity that distinguished her as the first woman of a new, emerging Islamic faith.
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) chick bioenergetics following round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion and implementation of cormorant population control

Abstract As the fish community changed in the Beaver Archipelago (northern Lake Michigan), so has the diet of breeding Double-crested Cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ). In 2000, the energetically dense alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) dominated the diet, but more recently, the relatively low quality round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) has become the most common prey item. Additionally, cormorant control measures have been underway in the archipelago. This study investigated decreases in cormorant chick numbers and changes in chick bioenergetics in response to this change in diet, as well as the influence of control efforts, and compared these results to an earlier study. Two colonies, one actively controlled the other only controlled following completion of this study, were investigated to determine changes in colony size throughout the breeding season, document chick diet, measure chick growth, and determine chick survivorship to fledging. The bioenergetics model estimated that in 2010, chicks consumed a greater biomass of prey to reach fledging due to the change in diet, but lower biomass overall due to fewer chicks in the system. Control efforts in combination with the change in diet reduced chick numbers. Overall, the impact of cormorant chicks on available fish biomass has declined in recent years due to control efforts. However, the birds have the potential to consume a greater biomass of round goby in the absence of control. The impact of cormorants on fisheries resources is complicated by the abundance and effects of non-native species.
Social Bookmarking for Scholarly Digital Libraries

Social bookmarking services have recently gained popularity among Web users. Whereas numerous studies provide a historical account of tagging systems, the authors use their analysis of a domain-specific social bookmarking service called CiteULike to reflect on two metrics for evaluating tagging behavior: tag growth and tag reuse. They examine the relationship between these two metrics and articulate design implications for enhancing social bookmarking services. The authors briefly reflect on their own work developing a social bookmarking service for CiteSeer.
Characterization of soy-based changes in Wnt-frizzled signaling in prostate cancer.

Background: A soy-based diet has been associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer through its anti- androgenic effects. Because the Wnt/beta catenin pathway has been associated with aggressive prostate cancer, we have sought to further evaluate this pathway with respect to soy protein and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Previously we have treated rat and human prostate cancer cell lines with soy protein isolates or purified genistein and used gene expression profiling and cross species analysis to identify genes with similar expression changes. One pathway that was identified included the Wnt/beta-cantenin pathway. Here the initial data are evaluated and extended with immunohistochemistry in human prostate cancer, and Western blotting, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) inhibition and bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) labeling in prostate cancer cell lines. Results: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is modulated by both soy protein isolates and genistein in the genomic results. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated staining of Wnt pathway component molecules, in particular frizzled 3, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and beta- catenin, in prostate tumors. Western blotting noted increased GSK3 and decreased expression of beta-catenin in soy treated prostate cancer PC3 cells. Supporting this finding, siRNA blocking of GSK3 accelerated growth whereas inhibition of frizzled 3 suppressed growth based on growth curves and BrDU labeling. Conclusion: Soy protein appears to regulate prostate cancer via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. These data demonstrate that the effect of soy protein effect on prostate cancer may occur through the frizzled 3 receptor with activation of GSK3 leading to increased degradation of beta- catenin and cell growth.
The Public Stigma of Mental Illness: What Do We Think; What Do We Know; What Can We Prove?

By the 1990s, sociology faced a frustrating paradox. Classic work on mental illness stigma and labeling theory reinforced that the "mark" of mental illness created prejudice and discrimination for individuals and family members. Yet that foundation, coupled with deinstitutionalization of mental health care, produced contradictory responses. Claims that stigma was dissipating were made, while others argued that intervention efforts were needed to reduce stigma. While signaling the critical role of theory-based research in establishing the pervasive effects of stigma, both claims directed resources away from social science research. Yet the contemporary scientific foundation underlying both claims was weak. A reply came in a resurgence of research directed toward mental illness stigma nationally and internationally, bringing together researchers from different disciplines for the first time. I report on the general population's attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral dispositions that targeted public stigma and implications for the next decade of research and intervention efforts.
Thick-film inclinometer based on free convective motion of an heating air mass

In this application, a thick-film tilt sensor has been developed, based on heat transfer by natural convection. The device measures internal changes in heat transfer due to the inclination. The device is functionally equivalent to a traditional proof-mass accelerometer. The proof mass in the new thick-film sensor is a gas. The gaseous proof-mass provides great advantages over the use of the traditional solid proof mass. A conditioning electronic circuit amplifies the signal variation induced by the inclination, compensating for the deviation due to the initial asymmetrical values of the bridge arms and their slow variations. Preliminary tests on the first prototypes show an accuracy of about 2% full scale output, repeatability of about 0.2/spl deg/ and resolution better than 0.1/spl deg/ over a /spl plusmn/20/spl deg/ range.
Effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of simulated anterior segment surgical skill.

Abstract Objective: To measure the effect, using a computer simulator, of acute sleep deprivation on the performance of simulated anterior segment surgery skill. Design: Prospective, non-randomized interventional study. Participants: Nine ophthalmology residents (3 residents each from post-graduate years 2, 3, and 4). Methods: Nine ophthalmology residents were tested on the Eyesi surgical simulator on 3 occasions; pre-callor rested (≥ 7 hours of sleep in previous 24 hours), post-work (8 hour work day and ≥ 7 hours sleep in previous 24 hours), and post-call or sleep-deprived ( Results: Compared with pre-call and post-work, post-call residents had significantly less sleep in the previous 24 hours ( p p p = 0.51) residents or using the forceps module in pre-call (99 ± 1 points), post-work (98 ± 4 points), and post-call (98 \=- 5 points; p = 0.11) residents. Conclusions: Acute sleep deprivation had no detectable impact on the performance of selected surgical task outcome measures when tested using the Eyesi surgical simulator.
CEAS: cis-regulatory element annotation system.

UNLABELLED We present a tool designed to characterize genome-wide protein-DNA interaction patterns from ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq data. This stand-alone extension of our web application CEAS (cis-regulatory element annotation system) provides summary statistics on ChIP enrichment in important genomic regions such as individual chromosomes, promoters, gene bodies or exons, and infers the genes most likely to be regulated by the binding factor under study. CEAS also enables biologists to visualize the average ChIP enrichment signals over specific genomic regions, particularly allowing observation of continuous and broad ChIP enrichment that might be too subtle to detect from ChIP peaks alone. AVAILABILITY The CEAS Python package is publicly available at http://liulab.dfci.harvard.edu/CEAS.
Immunogenicity of Thrombopoietin Mimetic Peptide GW395058 in BALB/c Mice and New Zealand White Rabbits: Evaluation of the Potential for Thrombopoietin Neutralizing Antibody Production in Man

Administration of exogenous proteins and peptides as therapeutics carries with it the potential for immune system recognition and the development of neutralizing antibodies to endogenous regulatory proteins. PEGylation of proteins typically reduces their immunogenicity in vivo. GW395058 is a PEGylated peptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPOr) agonist being evaluated for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Although GW395058 shares no homology with TPO, it does compete with TPO for binding to a common receptor, and a similarity in local structure could result in shared epitopes. Thus GW395058 could elicit TPO-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of GW395058 in mice, the potential of rabbit antibodies elicited by immunizations with the non-PEGylated parent peptide AF15705 to cross-react with recombinant human (rHu) TPO, and the potential of mouse anti-rHuTPO antibodies elicited by repeated dosing with rHuTPO to cross-react with AF15705. GW395058-dosed mice failed to produce antibodies to AF15705 or rHuTPO. Mouse anti-rHuTPO did not cross-react with AF15705 and rabbit anti-AF15705 antibodies failed to cross-react with rHuTPO. GW395058 caused no immune-mediated lesions in mice, but rHuTPO suppressed megakaryocytopoiesis and caused B-lymphocyte hyperplasia in lymphoid tissues consistent with antigenic stimulation. These data suggest that the potential for an immune response to GW395058 in man would be low.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND AMERICAN CIVIL RELIGION: A REINTERPRETATION

A period of consensus in American religious historiography has ended, but students of American religion representing a variety of perspectives have recently come to regard Abraham Lincoln, once a subject of great dispute among religionists, as one of the most important and profound of America's theologians and religious leaders, if not the religious center of American history. It is primarily as a spokesman for and symbol of a religious interpretation of American destiny that Lincoln has been placed at this pinnacle, and he has had an especially prominent place in the recent discussion of American civil religion.
An Examination of a Theory of Embodied Social Presence in Virtual Worlds

﻿In this article, we discuss and empirically examine the importance of embodiment, context, and spatial proximity as they pertain to collaborative interaction and task completion in virtual environments. Specifically, we introduce the embodied social presence (ESP) theory as a framework to account for a higher level of perceptual engagement that users experience as they engage in activity-based social interaction in virtual environments. The ESP theory builds on the analysis of reflection data from Second Life users to explain the process by which perceptions of ESP are realized. We proceed to describe implications of ESP for collaboration and other organizational functions.