cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Four Economists in the Political Process

TH TOW can the agricultural economists help to shape the nation's farm policy? Perhaps a historical analysis of the experiences of the economists of an earlier day who had some influence upon national policy may hold something of significance for the policy-oriented economists of today.' Many economists contributed to the development of New Deal farm policy. This paper will look at but four of the most prominent who were both professors and economists: Rexford G. Tugwell, M. L. Wilson, George F. Warren and William I. Myers. Their role was large-too large to survey in these pages. But the basic significance of their experiences can be discussed. That significance lay in the relationships between ideas and power. When these economists became interested in shaping policy, they found that they had entered a world in which power was the fundamental reality. They found that they had to think in power terms as well as economic terms. Economists had to explore the location, function, and nature of power and the ways in which changes in elements in the political situation influenced power relationships. The economists' ideas helped them to gain access to power for men of power needed economic ideas. But the ideas alone, no matter what their quality may have been, did not enable the economists to control policy. They first had to establish working relationships with men who had the capacity to control policy. Thus the ideas of the economists had to appear to harmonize with the interests of such men. In short, Tugwell, Wilson, Warren and Myers found, often from bitter experience, that men of ideas needed to learn to work with men of power. Economists needed to learn to work with officeholders, representatives of organized interest groups, men of wealth, and men with political skills. The pragmatic orientation of much of the American academic world provided an underlying explanation of the ability of these economists to work with some men of power. By the 1930's, as one well-informed observer of the "Brain Trust" noted, American universities had for "nearly forty years" been insisting that their "business" was "not only to preserve, to increase and to interpret knowledge, but to cariy scholarship and
A Cost-Efficient Design for Microarray Image System

Image based Microarray processing has been widely applied to the biotechnology field for identifying SNP variations. In order to reduce the cost for manufacturers, a flexible design for handling different layouts of containers and different numbers of spots is necessary to accomplish the need for different throughputs on the same microarray instrument. The key to making the microarray technology successful is spot recognition during the image processing. There are many factors that could affect the quality and alignment of spots. Both high accuracy and automation in spot intensity acquisition is required to have a correct result. Here, we present a cost-efficient design that will accommodate for different spot layouts with minimal required information.
Are Discard Tubes Necessary in Coagulation Studies

We evaluated the necessity of drawing a discard tube on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) results in outpatients taking oral anticoagulant therapy. We drew two bluestoppered tubes on 380 patients rather than the traditional practice offdlinga red-top tube before filling the coagulation tube. We ran PTs and APTTs on both samples and compared results. We evaluated two sodium citrate concentrations and two prothrombin reagents, one sensitive and the other less sensitive. When PT results are reported as international normalized ratio values, no statistically significant difference exists in values between the first and second tubes filled regardless of reagent sensitivity or citrate concentration. We measured APTTs using two citrate concentrations and a factor-sensitive APTT reagent. Similarly, APTT results showed no significant difference between tubes.
Didymium Iridis Reproductive Systems: New Additions

(1990). Didymium Iridis Reproductive Systems: New Additions. Mycologia: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 274-276.
Development of Engineering Parameters for Low Pressure Diffusion Bonds of 316 SS Tube-to-Tube Sheet Joints for FHR Heat Exchangers

Diffusion bonding is a solid-state welding technique to join metallic and non-metallic materials. Due to geometrical considerations, fabrication and possible materials choices diffusion bonding was chosen here for tube-to-tube sheet joints of large coil wound heat exchangers for Fluoride salt cooled High temperature Reactors (FHRs). In this work the processing parameters for these critical nuclear component manufactured out of 316l stainless steel are presented and the bonded areas are investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition mechanical tests were conducted (pull out testing) to evaluate if these joints are sufficiently bound to guarantee a safe operation of the device. The detailed joining parameters are reported and recommendations for future fabrications with the physical restrictions of a large heat exchanger are made.
Prey Capture Hydrodynamics in Fishes: Experimental Tests of Two Models

Three experimental modifications of the feeding mechanism in the bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque: Centrarchidae) were performed to distinguish between two alternative hydrodynamic models of the high-speed suction-feeding process in fishes. These two models make different predictions about the change in slope of the regression line representing the relationship between buccal and opercular cavity pressures, and the three experiments provide a critical test of the models. The results from all three tests unequivocally support (1) the concept of the gill bars as a resistant element within the mouth cavity functionally dividing it into buccal and opercular cavities, (2) the negligible role of lateral movement of the gill cover (operculum) in generating negative mouth cavity pressures, and (3) the large pressure differentials previously reported between the buccal and opercular cavities. Measured pressures conform neither in relative magnitude nor waveform with pressures predicted from theoretical mathematical models. Inertial effects and accelerational flows are key aspects of high-speed suction feeding.
Wood lens design philosophy based on a binary additive manufacturing technique

Using additive manufacturing techniques in optical engineering to construct a gradient index (GRIN) optic may overcome a number of limitations of GRIN technology. Such techniques are maturing quickly, yielding additional design degrees of freedom for the engineer. How best to employ these degrees of freedom is not completely clear at this time. This paper describes a preliminary design philosophy, including assumptions, pertaining to a particular printing technique for GRIN optics. It includes an analysis based on simulation and initial component measurement.
Color Your Plate: A Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Seniors Participating in the Congregate Meal Site Program in Kentucky Senior Centers

OF THESIS COLOR YOUR PLATE: A PILOT NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTION TO INCREASE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE AMONG OLDER ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE CONGREGATE MEAL SITE PROGRAM IN KENTUCKY SENIOR CENTERS The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount and variety of fruit and vegetable intake increased among community-dwelling older adults participating in Kentucky’s congregate meal site program following a series of educational nutrition lessons. A convenience sample (n=35) of community-dwelling older adults at two intervention (n=19) and two control (n=16) senior centers in central Kentucky participated in this quasi-experimental pre-post pilot study. Following the intervention there was a trend towards increased self-reported intake in the variety of fruit and vegetables among the intervention group (range:0.03+3.31 to 1.32+2.75 servings per week); a significant increase in the number of days participants incorporated at least 4.5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day intake; significant increases in the incorporation of fruits and vegetables in evening meal, and all meals (p<0.05); and phytochemical knowledge (p<0.05). Actual fruit and vegetable intake at the congregate meal increased post-intervention among the intervention group only (p<0.05) as measured by plate waste. The mean Phytochemical Index score was 25.4, with participants consuming 79% of the phytochemicalrich component to their meal. These results indicate that theory-based educational nutrition lessons among older adults is linked to favorable trends towards increased fruit and vegetable consumption and phytochemical knowledge.
X-ray free-electron lasers—principles, properties and applications

With advances in technology, it is now possible to realize the dream of fully coherent X-ray laser.
Successful Treatment of a Persistent Esophageal Lichen Planus Stricture With a Fully Covered Metal Stent

We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with an esophageal lichen planus (ELP) stricture refractory to medical therapy and endoscopic stricture dilation. A multidisciplinary decision was made to place an esophageal fully covered metal stent. The stent was removed 6 weeks later and the patient is doing well on 3-month follow up. We show that a removable esophageal stent is an option after standard medical therapy and endoscopic dilations fail. This is the first reported use of an esophageal stent for therapy of an ELP stricture.
SU-D-207A-06: Pediatric Abdominal Organ Motion Quantified Via a Novel 4D MRI Method

Purpose: To develop a 4D MRI method for assessing respiration-induced abdominal organ motion in children receiving radiation therapy. Methods: A 4D MRI using internal image-based respiratory surrogate has been developed and implemented on a clinical scanner (1.5T Siemens Avanto). Ten patients (younger group: N=6, 2–5 years, anesthetized; older group: N=4, 11–15 years) with neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor rhabdomyosarcoma, or desmoplastic small round cell tumor received free breathing 4D MRI scans for treatment planning. Coronal image slices of the entire abdomen were retrospectively constructed in 10 respiratory phases. A B-spline deformable registration (Metz et al. 2011) was performed on 4D datasets to automatically derive motion trajectories of selected anatomical landmarks, including the dome and the center of the liver, and the superior edges of kidneys and spleen. The extents of the motion in three dimensions (anteroposterior, AP; mediolateral, ML; superoinferior, SI) and the correlations between organ motion trajectories were quantified. Results: The 4D MRI scans were successfully performed in <20 minutes for all patients without the use of any external device. Organ motion extents were larger in adolescents (kidneys: 3–13 mm SI, liver and spleen: 6–18 mm SI) than in younger children (kidneys:<3mm in all directions; liver and spleen: 1–8 mm SI, 1–5 mm ML and AP). The magnitude of respiratory motion in some adolescents may warrant special motion management. Motion trajectories were not synchronized across selected anatomical landmarks, particularly in the ML and AP directions, indicating inter- and intra-organ variations of the respiratory-induced motion. Conclusion: The developed 4D MRI acquisition and motion analysis methods provide a non-ionizing, non-invasive approach to automatically measure the organ motion trajectory in the pediatric abdomen. It is useful for defining ITV and PRV, monitoring changes in target motion patterns during the treatment course, and studying interplay effects in proton scanning.
‘Mountain Honey’ Hybrid Grape Tomato and Its Parent NC 6 Grape Breeding Line

‘Mountain Honey’ is a hybrid grape tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) resulting from the cross of NC 4 grape · NC 6 grape. It is heterozygous-resistant to fusarium wilt race 3 [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans.], late blight (Ph-2 gene) (Phytophthora infestans Montagne, Bary), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Sw-5 gene). It has a compact indeterminate plant with short internodes conferred by the brachytic (br) gene and has dark red fruit with high total soluble solids.
Blood Magnesium Levels in Migraine

Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels were screened between attacks in patients with migraine without aura (n=38) and with aura (n=6) and for comparison, in a group of patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache (n=25) as well as a group of control patients (n=19) at the Headache Unit, Citadelle University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
Big Data Business Intelligence in Bank Risk Analysis

This paper provides an overview of big data technologies and best practices from the standpoint of business intelligence BI applications in the banking industry. The authors discussed current challenges in banking industry that could be addressed by using big data technologies. Based on their research, they provided a list of big data tools and technologies in terms of an ecosystem that are suitable for real-time data processing and capable in bank fraud detection and prevention, and other bank risk analysis. They highlighted how business intelligence could be leveraged with the help of emerging big data technologies.
Exit 53: Physiological Data for Improving Non-player Character Interaction

Non-player characters (NPCs) in video games have very little information about the player’s current state. The usage of physiological data in games has been very limited, mainly to adjustments in difficulty based on stress levels. We assess the usefulness of physiological signals for rapport in interactions with story characters in a small role-playing game, Exit53. Measurements of electrodermal activity and facial muscle tension serves as estimate of player affect which is used to adjust the behavior of NPCs in so far as their dialogue acknowledges the player’s emotion. An experimental evaluation of the developed system demonstrates the viability of the approach and qualitative data shows a clear difference in the perception of the system’s use of physiological information.
Understanding Chromatin Structure and Dynamics: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Chromatin fibers are a complex of DNA and proteins, which are the building blocks of chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They consist of repeating units of the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of ∼147 DNA base pairs densely wrapped around a histone octamer. The structure and dynamics of poly-NCP arrays therefore directly influences several processes, including gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Here, we report results from a series of fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of polynucleosomal arrays. Analyses focuses on the stability and conformational dynamics of the chromatin fiber, along with the importance of stacking interactions between adjacent nucleosomes and inter-NCP contacts formed by the of histone tails. These results build on previous experimental and simulation results of single NCP systems, and shed new light on the relationship between the structure, function, and dynamics of chromatin fibers.
Mask-assisted electrospray for superoleophobic surfaces: An experimental and numerical study

Abstract This paper presents both experimental work and numerical simulations of formation of superoleophobic surfaces created by mask-assisted electrospraying, followed by a second layer overlay and fluoropolymer treatment. The primary electric field focusing in the mask-assisted electrospray effectively guides the electrosprayed particulates into the mesh openings, forming characteristic pyramid-shaped pillars. The secondary focusing occurs during the overlay deposition when the electrosprayed particulates favorably deposit onto the pre-patterned pillars. Systematic studies were conducted on the effects of mask-substrate-gap and duration of the overlay deposition on the pattern morphology and wetting performance. A shorter mask-substrate-gap results in a stronger focusing effect and pillars with a larger aspect ratio. The overlay deposition firstly increases the pillar height and then changes the pillar shape from pyramids to domes with overhangs due to electrostatic interactions. All the surfaces are superhydrophobic, however, superoleophobicity varies. Surfaces that have tall pillars and overhang structures demonstrate robust superoleophobicity when compared to their counterparts with shorter pillars and absence of overhang structures. The primary and secondary electric field focusing effects exerted by the mask and the pre-patterned pillars, and their roles in pattern formation have been numerically investigated by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. A reasonable agreement has been obtained between the numerical predictions and experimental results.
Clarification of the identity of Helicina mediana Gassies, 1870 from New Caledonia (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Helicinidae)

The identity of Helicina mediana Gassies, 1870 was clarified by the study of the type material and the selection of a lectotype. It is currently classified as Sturanya mediana (Gassies, 1870) and replaces the temporarily applied name Sturanya novaecaledoniae (Baird, 1873) for the medium sized helicinid species widely spread in the north-eastern part of mainland New Caledonia and the adjacent Iles Belep. The latter name and Helicina nehoueensis Hartman 1889 are synonyms of S. mediana .
A learning-based agent for home neurorehabilitation

This paper presents the iterative development of an artificially intelligent system to promote home-based neurorehabilitation. Although proper, structured practice of rehabilitation exercises at home is the key to successful recovery of motor functions, there is no home-program out there which can monitor a patient's exercise-related activities and provide corrective feedback in real time. To this end, we designed a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) based home-rehabilitation framework that combines advanced robot learning algorithms with commercially available wearable technologies. The proposed system uses exercise-related motion information and electromyography signals (EMG) of a patient to train a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The trained MDP model can enable an agent to serve as a coach for a patient. On a system level, this is the first initiative, to the best of our knowledge, to employ LfD in an health-care application to enable lay users to program an intelligent system. From a rehabilitation research perspective, this is a completely novel initiative to employ machine learning to provide interactive corrective feedback to a patient in home settings.
Get Up! Five Ways To Energize A Classroom With Physically Active Learning

Widespread evidence that active learning improves student outcomes has led to a swell of interest in incorporating active learning into the college classroom and contributed to enhanced scrutiny of...
Physical Activity: Definitional Issues and Knowledge Gaps

This chapter presents issues associated with the definition of physical activity, and potential ways these definitional issues can help fill gaps in our knowledge about physical activity as an intervention strategy to address public health problems. Why does this matter? Physical activity, including exercise, sport, recreation, play, and its many other manifestations, is generally thought to be a positive thing. This is true in popular culture and also in much scientific literature. However, while the scientific evidence is compelling, and has even led to the development of national guidelines for public participation in physical activity, it is rare for experts to clarify what types of activity bring the most benefit. This chapter explores the current base of knowledge and suggests ways that future scientific studies can help clarify these uncertainties.
Child and Parent Demographic Characteristics and Oral Health Perceptions Associated with Clinically Measured Oral Health.

Objective:To examine child and parent reports about the child’s oral health and assess the associations of these reports with clinical assessments of oral health status by dental examiners.Methods:...
Salt taste preferences and perceptions of elderly and young adults.

Current research has yielded both support and refutation for the theory that elderly adults have lower taste acuity. The present study compared the perception of and preference for salt in persons 65 years and over and in persons aged 20 to 35 years. The subjects were free-living, had not been hospitalized in the past 12 months, and had never been on a sodium-restricted diet. Salt was introduced in suprathreshold concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9% in mashed potatoes and chicken broth. The 48 older adults in our study demonstrated higher preferences for the four salt concentrations in the potatoes (p = .0001) and the broth (p = .0004) than did the 53 younger adults. There were no significant differences in the two age groups' abilities to perceive the saltiness of the four concentrations. There were also no significant differences in salt perception among subgroups identified for age, gender, smoking behavior, and denture use. Both groups correctly ranked the concentrations in ascending order. Our study found that taste acuity for salt in older subjects was not different from that of younger adults when suprathreshold concentrations of salt in mashed potatoes and chicken broth were used as stimuli.
Second Messengers Mediating Gene Expression Essential to Neurite Formation Directed by Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors

The nervous system confers an enormous survival advantage to higher animals by permitting behavioral adaptation to both external and internal environmental cues. Insulin and insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) are among regulatory signals implicated in the development of the neural circuitry (reviewed in Ishii et al., 1985; Recio-Pinto and Ishii, 1988a). Although the structure of the nervous system is profoundly complex, it is hoped that a reductionist approach, aimed at first understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating neurite (axon and dendrite) formation and extension, will eventually provide a foundation for understanding higher orders of organization. With this in mind, the present article contains discussion on our strategy and recent findings directed at elucidating the biochemical pathway through which insulin homologs and nerve growth factor (NGF) regulate the long term, stable extension of neurites.
Data-driven design of inorganic materials with the Automatic Flow Framework for Materials Discovery

The expansion of programmatically accessible materials data has cultivated opportunities for data-driven approaches. Workflows such as the Automatic Flow Framework for Materials Discovery not only manage the generation, storage, and dissemination of materials data, but also leverage the information for thermodynamic formability modeling, such as the prediction of phase diagrams and properties of disordered materials. In combination with standardized parameter sets, the wealth of data is ideal for training machine-learning algorithms, which have already been employed for property prediction, descriptor development, design rule discovery, and the identification of candidate functional materials. These methods promise to revolutionize the path to synthesis, and ultimately transform the practice of traditional materials discovery to one of rational and autonomous materials design.
Exploring the effects of polls on public opinion: How and when media reports of policy preferences can become self-fulfilling prophesies:

Recent work has suggested that media reporting about the public’s policy preferences may be self-reinforcing, contributing to greater policy conformity. This article presents additional evidence in...
Humanizing chatbots: The effects of visual, identity and conversational cues on humanness perceptions

Abstract Chatbots are replacing human agents in a number of domains, from online tutoring to customer-service to even cognitive therapy. But, they are often machine-like in their interactions. What can we do to humanize chatbots? Should they necessarily be driven by human operators for them to be considered human? Or, will an anthropomorphic visual cue on the interface and/or a high-level of contingent message exchanges provide humanness to automated chatbots? We explored these questions with a 2 (anthropomorphic visual cues: high vs. low anthropomorphism) × 2 (message interactivity: high vs. low message interactivity) × 2 (identity cue: chat-bot vs. human) between-subjects experiment (N = 141) in which participants interacted with a chat agent on an e-commerce site about choosing a digital camera to purchase. Our findings show that a high level of message interactivity compensates for the impersonal nature of a chatbot that is low on anthropomorphic visual cues. Moreover, identifying the agent as human raises user expectations for interactivity. Theoretical as well as practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Characterization and real-time removal of motion artifacts from EEG signals

Objective Accurate implementation of real-time non-invasive brain-machine/computer interfaces (BMI/BCI) requires handling physiological and nonphysiological artifacts associated with the measurement modalities. For example, scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements are often considered prone to excessive motion artifacts and other types of artifacts that contaminate the EEG recordings. Although the magnitude of such artifacts heavily depends on the task and the setup, complete minimization or isolation of such artifacts is generally not possible. Approach We present an adaptive de-noising framework with robustness properties, using a Volterra based non-linear mapping to characterize and handle the motion artifact contamination in EEG measurements. We asked healthy able-bodied subjects to walk on a treadmill at gait speeds of 1-to-4 mph, while we tracked the motion of select EEG electrodes with an infrared video-based motion tracking system. We also placed inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors on the forehead and feet of the subjects for assessing the overall head movement and segmenting the gait. Main results We discuss in detail the characteristics of the motion artifacts and propose a real-time compatible solution to filter them. We report the effective handling of both the fundamental frequency of contamination (synchronized to the walking speed) and its harmonics. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analysis for walking shows that the gait dependency of artifact contamination is also eliminated on all target frequencies. Significance The real-time compatibility and generalizability of our adaptive filtering framework allows for the effective use of non-invasive BMI/BCI systems and greatly expands the implementation type and application domains to other types of problems where signal denoising is desirable. Combined with our previous efforts of filtering ocular artifacts, the presented technique allows for a comprehensive adaptive filtering framework to increase the EEG signal to noise ratio (SNR). We believe the implementation will benefit all non-invasive neural measurement modalities, including studies discussing neural correlates of movement and other internal states, not necessarily of BMI focus.
Characterization of the serotypes and outer membrane protein profiles of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae isolates from midwestern swine, and the antibody response of swine to H. pleuropneumoniae outer membrane components

One hundred and forty-one isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from Iowa and Illinois swine were characterized morphologically and biochemically and serotyped by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Hyperimmune antisera were produced in rabbits using inactivated whole cell suspensions of the reference strains for H^ pieuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 7 and strain 202, representing the taxon "minor group". Cross testing of the reference strains and reference antisera indicated the antisera to be essentially serotype-specific, although reactivity of some antisera with heterologous strains was observed. Cultures of the 141 isolates formed adherent or smooth colonies or mixtures of these colony forms. Adherent and smooth colony types were found in all serotypes identified. Microscopic and biochemical characteristics of all isolates were typical of those previously described for |HL pleuropneumoniae. The overall incidence of pleuropneumoniae serotypes was serotype 5, 55.3%; serotype 1, 34.0%; serotype 7, 7.8%; and nontypable, 2.8%. Comparing the two test procedures, 87.2% of the isolates could be typed by RSA, and 66.0% could be typed by IFA. Cross-reactions between serotype 4 antisera and serotypes 5 and 7 isolates were common with the
Overview of North American CLT fire testing and code adoption

Cross laminated timber (CLT) is becoming more widely available in North America. However, it has not yet achieved widespread use in construction in the United States because provisions for CLT have only recently been added to model building codes. For example, CLT was recognized for the first time in the 2015 International Building Code (IBC), and the 2021 IBC will allow wood buildings made of CLT and other types of mass timber to be constructed up to 18 stories high. The changes to the 2021 IBC were implemented after several years of work from an ICC Ad-Hoc committee on tall wood buildings including fire testing supervised by the US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. The fire tests involved five compartment fire test scenarios on a two-story building and specifically examined occupant egress and firefighter safety in corridors near the compartments. In addition to the fire tests performed by the Forest Products Laboratory, more large-scale fire tests were performed for the revision of the PRG-320 standard; the product standard for CLT in North America. These tests examined the heat resistance of adhesives used in CLT. This paper highlights the important changes to the IBC and the PRG-320 standard as well as summarizes the tests used to validate these changes.
The socio-cultural dimensions of community-based sustainability: Implications for transformational change

Abstract There is substantial difficulty with effectively, and meaningfully, engaging the public with community-based sustainability projects as a method to facilitate sustainable lifestyles. Individuals engage with community projects in numerous ways: cognitively (knowledge), affectively (emotions), and behaviourally (actions). One prevalent consideration that individuals consider is other peoples’ (lack of) engagement; given that the success of community-based approaches addressing climate change is dependent upon the actions, and participation, of all local residents. Findings from focus groups in seven urban communities in the UK are presented that illustrate clear elements of ‘Othering’ as part of individual engagements with community-based sustainability projects. Primarily, there is substantial consideration towards what other people within the community know, feel, and do to engage with community-based projects. Residents distinguish themselves in opposition to those they view as engaging, and not engaging, in the same way as themselves and indicate the need for equitable participation amongst all residents. These considerations have the potential to project particular barriers on wider community engagement if left to develop, cause tension, and are not resolved. Implications for participatory strategies to meaningfully and effectively engage individuals with community-based sustainability and transformational change are outlined. Insights into how considerations of ‘Othering’ can be overcome so as not to cause negative engagements with other residents and attempts to live sustainably as part of a community approach are illustrated.
Real-World Patterns of Everolimus Use in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background There is limited literature on patterns of everolimus use and subsequent hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits in real-world clinical practice. In this study, we describe patterns of everolimus use and hospitalizations and ER visits in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer (BC). Materials and methods Patients with BC treated with everolimus were identified in the MarketScan database from 2009 to 2016. The pattern of everolimus use and frequency of associated ER visits and hospitalizations during treatment (between the first claim and 30 days after the last claim for everolimus) were identified. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used. Results A total of 3,556 everolimus users were identified (median age of 60 years; median days of use, 112). The initial prescribed dose was 10 mg in 74.8% of the patients. Compared with the initial dose, 23.5% of patients had a dose change. Forty-six percent of patients were hospitalized or had an ER visit during the treatment with everolimus. Age greater than 71, higher comorbidity score, treatment year prior to 2012, and lower initial dose were found to be significantly associated with ER visit/hospitalization in the regression models. Conclusions A significant proportion of patients receiving everolimus had an ER visit or hospitalization during the use of everolimus. These results provide data regarding risks and benefits of treatment with everolimus. These results will be helpful in identifying patients at higher risk of hospitalizations or ER visits and facilitate evidence-based decision making to avoid serious complications. Implications for practice Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, is approved in combination with exemestane in patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors previously treated with anastrozole or letrozole. As new drugs become available, it is crucial to understand the adverse events and potential complications associated with the use of such drugs in the general population, outside of the controlled clinical trial setting. This study describes the patterns of everolimus use and adverse events, including hospitalization and emergency room visits, in a large cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer in routine practice.
Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Screening among Mississippi Adults: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

OBJECTIVES Mississippi has one of the highest mortality rates in colorectal cancer (CRC) and one of the lowest rates of CRC screening in the United States. The purpose of the study was to assess the characteristics of Mississippians who met the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on CRC screening and type of the test they used. METHODS We analyzed the data from the 2018 Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 5843), which included a CRC screening module for participants who were 50 years old or older. Respondents in this module were asked when, if ever, they had last undergone a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or stool occult test. Their responses were then categorized according to their compliance with the USPSTF recommendations on CRC screening. We compared the compliance with responders' sociodemographic and risk factors. Data analysis accounted for the complex sampling design. RESULTS The majority of the CRC screening tests are colonoscopies: 60.1% of Mississippians aged 50 to 75 years had received one within 10 years. In addition, 7.8% had taken a stool test within the last year, and 1.9% had undergone sigmoidoscopy within 5 years. The prevalence of individuals aged 50 to 75 in Mississippi who met the USPSTF recommendation for CRC screening in 2018 was 62.6%. Women (65.5%), married (67.5%), those with health insurance (66.5%) or annual household income of ≥$75,000 (71.6%), those with a regular healthcare provider (68.0%), or those who quit smoking (70.4%) had higher compliance than their counterparts. After controlling for the covariates, the adults aged 50 to 75 who had health insurance or had a personal healthcare provider were 2.52 and 2.95 times more likely to be compliant, respectively (P < 0.001). Those who had quit smoking were 2.27 times more likely to be compliant with the USPSTF than current smokers (P < 0.001). Weight status, binge drinking, or physical inactivity was not associated with the CRC screening rates. CONCLUSIONS Mississippi adults aged 50 to 75 were more likely to be compliant with the CRC screening standards if they had insurance coverage or access to care. To further increase the overall CRC screening rate and for the benefit of the 70 × 2020 state initiative, certain screenings such as stool test need to be promoted and recommended by family practitioners, and certain subgroups of the population such as smokers need to be targeted and educated.
Prevalence of Ganglion Cyst Formation After Wrist Arthroscopy: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of 2420 Patients.

BackgroundDorsal wrist ganglion cysts arise from the leakage of synovial fluid through tears in the scapholunate ligament and/or dorsal wrist capsule. An analogous disruption of the dorsal capsule ...
Pathological Evaluation of Breast Specimens in Transgender Chest Masculinization: Incidental Findings and Effect of Prior Chest Binding and Androgen Therapy in 74 Consecutive Patients

Background: The rate of masculinizing chest surgery for gender affirmation continues to increase. With a paucity of literature on pathological evaluation of breast specimens in this patient populat...
The Role of Subjective Construals on Reporting and Reasoning about Social Media Use

The ways people estimate and make sense of the time they spend with social media should be influenced by the subjective construals that they draw on to guide their perceptions and behaviors on soci...
Investigating temporal effects on truck accident occurrences in Manhattan, New York City

Truck-related crash occurrences in Manhattan, New York City, are analyzed during four time blocks: morning peak (AMP, 6:00 to 10:00 a.m.), midday (MD, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.), afternoon peak (PMP, 3:00 to 7:00 p.m.), and nighttime (NT, 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.). The results of zero-inflated negative binomial models indicate that both the built environment and traffic flows contribute to temporal variation in truck-related crash occurrences. More specifically, tracts with larger populations and higher employment in the finance, insurance, and health care sectors tend to have fewer crashes at night. In contrast, larger household sizes and the retail, professional services, education, and accommodation industry sectors are associated with increased NT crash occurrences. In addition, if 1,000 trucks were shifted from AMP to the NT, the average tract would experience a net increase of truck crashes of 0.2160; the net increase would be 0.1948 if the trucks were shifted from the PMP to the NT. Shifting trucks from the MD to the NT reduces the count by 0.0267; this result suggests that this strategy might provide the best safety benefits. When possible induced nontruck demand is accounted for, even the largest impact on safety (during the PMP) increased crashes by only 3.56%. These findings fill the void of studies that focused on the influence of temporal effects on truck crash occurrences in congested urban settings.
Towards safe robot-human collaboration systems using human pose detection

This paper proposes a human detection-based cognitive system for robots to work in human-existing environment and keep the safety of humans. An integrated system is implemented with perception, recognition, reasoning, decision-making, and action. Without using any traditional safety cages, a vision-based detection system is implemented for robots to monitor the environment and to detect humans. Subsequently, reasoning and decision making enables robots to evaluate the current safety-related situation for humans and provide corresponding safety signals. The decision making is based on maximizing the productivity of the robot in the manipulation process and keep the safety of humans in the environment. The system is implemented with a Baxter humanoid robot and a PowerBot mobile robot. Practical experiments and simulation experiments are carried out to validate our design.
A New Method of Nonlinear System Identification using Interpolated Cell Mapping

The method presented in this paper is a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, a discrete-time map defined on a grid in the state space is processed using the method of Interpolated Cell Mapping (ICM) to obtain maps of geometrically decreasing time steps. In the limit as the time step approaches zero, the state derivatives are estimated by way of difference quotients. Then, during the second stage, a Least Squares function fit is performed on the derivatives, yielding the equations of motion. The method bridges the gap between discrete and continuous-time dynamics and is particularly attractive for nonlinear systems, for which traditional system identification schemes frequently fail. The formulation is developed for autonomous and nonautonomous systems, and some results of applying it to a sample nonlinear equation are shown.
Application of New Designs in Phase I Trials

In recent years, novel designs have been introduced for dose-finding studies in phase I clinical trials. Most of these are based on mathematical models of the relationship between dose and toxicity. Though these may appear more technical than more commonly used algorithmic designs, the novel designs tend be better for many reasons including smaller sample size, more precise and accurate estimate of the desired dose, fewer patients treated at unsafe levels, and more patients treated at efficacious doses. Several of these novel designs are discussed. The continual reassessment method is an adaptive approach that uses the information gathered on early patients in the trial to make decisions about the dose for patients treated later in the trial. Adaptive Bayesian designs behave in a similar way, but the framework in which they are developed differs. A design in which efficacy and toxicity are both used to determine an optimum dose is also discussed. Keywords: Phase I trials; dose escalation; dose finding; adaptive designs; continual reassessment method
RAPTOR: introducing programming to non-majors with flowcharts

When students are learning to develop algorithms, they very often spend more time dealing with issues of syntax than solving the problem. Additionally, the textual nature of most programming environments works against the learning style of the majority of students. RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid syntactic baggage. RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed visually by tracing the execution through the flowchart. Required syntax is kept to a minimum. Students preferred using flowcharts to express their algorithms, and were more successful creating algorithms using RAPTOR than using a traditional language or writing flowcharts without RAPTOR.
First-order differential equations

This book is a study of differential equations and their applications. A differential equation is a relationship between a function of time and its derivatives.
Analysis of image search queries on the web: Query modification patterns and semantic attributes

This study investigated query modification patterns and semantic attributes in queries executed during user searches for images on the web. Its purpose was to identify whether query modification patterns were related to users' contextual factors and content sources as well as whether the patterns characterize the use of semantic attributes expressed in users' search queries in an interactive web-searching process. To this end, a collection of 970 image search queries executed by undergraduate students in a naturalistic setting was analyzed. The study's findings showed that query modification patterns were significantly associated with content sources. Among the types of query modification employed, “Reformulation” and “New” were the most frequently used. Terms related to format, object, or place associated with an image also were found to be frequently used in search queries. Terms referring to type or genre were the most frequent attributes in web image search queries, which suggests a change from previous findings of search queries in a professional context. Implications are discussed in terms of search assistants for web image searches and semantic annotation to improve image indexing.
Let No Child Be Left Behind: Determining the Cost of Improving Student Performance

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and recent legislation in a number of states have raised the standards for accountability in schools, with the objective of closing achievement gaps and increasing student performance overall. These new education policies, however, rarely address the way in which schools are financed. They ignore the fact that characteristics of schools and students require that some schools spend more than others to achieve any given student performance standard. To determine the characteristics that lead to variations in the costs of achieving a specified improvement in student performance, the authors estimate an educational cost function using data from elementary and secondary school districts in Texas. Results indicate that cost differences across districts can be quite large. The cost function results are summarized into a cost index that can then be used in a simple formula to guarantee that every district has sufficient fiscal resources to achieve state-imposed performance goals.
Effect of vinblastine sulfate on the fine structure of cells of the rat renal corpuscle

Vinblastine sulfate was administered intravenously to adult rats chiefly to study the effect of microtubule loss on the cell shape of renal podo-cytes. After treatment which resulted in a nearly complete absence of normalsized microtubules (260 A diameter) in podocytes, there was no evidence that any alteration in cell shape accompanied the disappearance of these organelles. Unlike podocytes, blood platelets did undergo a change in shape with exposure to the drug. After treatment, platelets seen within glomerular capillaries were more spherical and rarely contained microtubules. Intracytoplasmic paracrystalline inclusions characteristic of vinblastine treatment were observed in visceral and parietal cells of Bowman's capsule, glomerular endothelial cells, blood platelets, mesangial cells, interstitial fibroblasts, mononuclear leukocytes, a granulated juxtaglomerular cell, and cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Unusually large microtubules, with an approximate diameter of 450 A, were also seen in a variety of cell types after vinblastine treatment. In favorably oriented cross-sectional profiles, 12–13 subunits were discernible within the wall of these large microtubules.
Mechanism of promoter action in catalytic oxidation of propylene to acrolein

Abstract Addition of gaseous methylbromide at low concentrations causes a marked increase in specificity for acrolein during propylene oxidation catalyzed by cuprous oxide. The role of the alkyl-halide promoter is investigated with a cuprous oxide crystal at 350 °C by simultaneous measurements of product distribution and electrical conductivity at different ratios of propylene to oxygen. Helium was employed as a carrier gas. Based on the electrical measurements it is noted that the promoter prevents the oxidation of Cu+ to Cu2+ at high O 2 C 3 H 6 ratios. The results emphasize previous observations of the catalytic properties of cuprous oxide for acrolein formation. The mechanism of promoter action is interpreted in terms of a solid-state model with charge exchange between adsorbates and catalyst surface controlled by electronic surface-state energy levels.