cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the role of the magnetic field in the solar wind interaction with Venus - Expectations versus observations

Observations of the magnetic field near Venus suggest that elements of three different models (direct interaction, tangential discontinuity, magnetic barrier) are present. A bow shock is found to occur at an altitude of about 0.3 Venus radii at the subsolar point. The compression of the decelerated solar wind plasma behind the bow shock causes interplanetary field lines to 'pile up'. The magnetic field inside the bow shock increases from approximately twice the IMF strength at the bow shock to values in the range of approximately 40-100 gammas at altitudes between about 200 and 1,200 km. The maximum value of the piled up field, which is correlated with the dynamic pressure of the solar wind outside the bow shock, is found at lower altitudes for larger field strengths. Just Venus-ward of the maximum field, the pressure of the cold plasma increases to a level balancing the pressure of the external magnetic field. Hence, to a first approximation, the ionosphere has a diamagnetic response excluding the magnetosheath field. However, strong magnetic fields are found at times throughout the ionosphere.
Near-Fatal Skin Picking From Delusional Body Dysmorphic Disorder Responsive to Fluvoxamine

Received September 17, 1996; revised September 25, 1996; accepted May 21, 1997. From the Psychiatric Neuroscience Program, Massachusetts General Hospital–East CNY–9, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; and Butler Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. O’Sullivan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Bldg. 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129. Copyright 1999 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Skin picking as a manifestation of psychopathology, while an underrecognized problem, is receiving increased attention in the medical and psychiatric literature. Sometimes described as neurotic excoriations, skin picking is a relatively frequent manifestation of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a distressing or impairing preoccupation with a minimal or nonexistent defect in one’s appearance. Skin picking also occurs in other psychiatric disorders, including trichotillomania and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), as well as various medical and developmental conditions. Morbidity may be considerable, including psychological distress, skin infections, scarring, and surgical intervention. Many of these patients first present for treatment to a primary care physician, dermatologist, or surgeon, rather than a psychiatrist. We report a case of severe skin picking attributable to delusional BDD, which resulted in considerable medical morbidity and a nearly fatal outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of decreased skin picking in delusional BDD with fluvoxamine.
Ecdysteroid titers and molting aberrations in last-stage Oncopeltus nymphs treated with insect growth regulators☆☆☆

Abstract The ecdysteroid titers of insect growth regulator (IGR)-treated and untreated large milkweed bug nymphs, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), were determined by radioimmunoassay. All of the IGRs tested affected the ecdysteroid levels and the ecdysis of both sexes in some way. AI3-63604, a juvenile hormone mimic, accelerated ecdysteroid production and its subsequent decline, shortened the stadium, and induced a supernumerary nymphal molt. Diflubenzuron had no effect on the onset of ecdysteroid production but slightly retarded the decline in ecdysteroid titers before adult ecdysis, and the ecdysis was incomplete. Ecdysteroid production was delayed and erratic in nymphs treated with azadirachtin and AI3-63967, but the effect on ecdysis was different for each compound. Azadirachtin caused incomplete adult ecdysis, whereas AI3-63967 completely prevented any attempts at ecdysis. The large peak of exdysteroid activity associated with apolysis was absent in starved insects, and they made no attempt to ecdyse.
Selling the story: narratives and charisma in adults with TBI.

Objective: To examine storytelling performance behaviours in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and relate these behaviours to perceived charisma and desirability as a conversation partner.Design and methods: Seven adult males with traumatic brain injury (TBI) told their accident narratives to a male confederate. Ten male undergraduate students rated 1-minute video clips from the beginning of each narrative using the Charismatic Leadership Communication Scale (CLCS). Raters also indicated whether or not they would like to engage in conversation with each participant.Results: Of the performative behaviours analysed, gestures alone significantly influenced CLCS ratings and reported likelihood of engaging in future conversation with the participant. Post-hoc analysis revealed that speech rate was significantly correlated with all of the preceding measures. There was a significant correlation between self- and other-ratings of charisma.Conclusions: The findings suggest that aspects of non-verbal perform...
Fisetin lowers methylglyoxal dependent protein glycation and limits the complications of diabetes

The elevated glycation of macromolecules by the reactive dicarbonyl and α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MG) has been associated with diabetes and its complications. We have identified a rare flavone, fisetin, which increases the level and activity of glyoxalase 1, the enzyme required for the removal of MG, as well as the synthesis of its essential co-factor, glutathione. It is shown that fisetin reduces two major complications of diabetes in Akita mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. Although fisetin had no effect on the elevation of blood sugar, it reduced kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria and maintained normal levels of locomotion in the open field test. This correlated with a reduction in proteins glycated by MG in the blood, kidney and brain of fisetin-treated animals along with an increase in glyoxalase 1 enzyme activity and an elevation in the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione, a co-factor for glyoxalase 1. The expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), serum amyloid A and serum C-reactive protein, markers of protein oxidation, glycation and inflammation, were also increased in diabetic Akita mice and reduced by fisetin. It is concluded that fisetin lowers the elevation of MG-protein glycation that is associated with diabetes and ameliorates multiple complications of the disease. Therefore, fisetin or a synthetic derivative may have potential therapeutic use for the treatment of diabetic complications.
The Changing Composition of a Hospital Ethics Committee: A Tertiary Care Center’s Experience

A growing body of research has demonstrated significant heterogeneity of hospital ethics committee (HEC) size, membership and training requirements, length of appointment, institutional support, clinical and policy roles, and predictors of self identified success. Because these studies have focused on HECs at a single point in time, however, little is known about how the composition of HECs changes over time and what impact these changes have on committee utilization. The current study presents 20 years of data on the evolution of the Massachusetts General Hospital HEC. Between 1993 and 2012, the average number of committee members per year was 38±3 and the average length of membership was 4.8±0.4 years. During that time, the committee performed 934 consults, averaging 47±3 per year. Attendance rates fell from 61.5 to 23.8% over the study period and were inversely correlated with the total number of members. Between 1993 and 2012, the committee saw substantial growth in the diversity of the professional backgrounds of its members. Multivariate analysis, however, suggests that substantial changes in committee composition did not impact its utilization and that other factors are more likely to explain fluctuations in consultation volume.
Cocaine inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors influences dopamine release

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) potently regulate dopamine (DA) release in the striatum and alter cocaine's ability to reinforce behaviors. Since cocaine is a weak nAChR inhibitor, we hypothesized that cocaine may alter DA release by inhibiting the nAChRs in DA terminals in the striatum and thus contribute to cocaine's reinforcing properties primarily associated with the inhibition of DA transporters. We found that biologically relevant concentrations of cocaine can mildly inhibit nAChR-mediated currents in midbrain DA neurons and consequently alter DA release in the dorsal and ventral striatum. At very high concentrations, cocaine also inhibits voltage-gated Na channels in DA neurons. Furthermore, our results show that partial inhibition of nAChRs by cocaine reduces evoked DA release. This diminution of DA release via nAChR inhibition more strongly influences release evoked at low or tonic stimulation frequencies than at higher (phasic) stimulation frequencies, particularly in the dorsolateral striatum. This cocaine-induced shift favoring phasic DA release may contribute to the enhanced saliency and motivational value of cocaine-associated memories and behaviors.
The decision to return to college: Role concepts, personality, attitudes, and significant others

In two studies, personality, role concepts, and attitudes distinguished wives and mothers who decided to resume college from those who did not. College women and women about to resume college had more self-actualizing, achievement-oriented, and dominant personalities (California Psychological Inventory); broader, more personalized role concepts; more liberal attitudes; better educated husbands; and fewer children than housewives. Measurements before college return and during the second year at college indicated that college exposure did not significantly affect these variables. The single exception was that after college exposure, women no longer saw society as supporting their efforts to actualize their potentials.
Barnard’s Merope Nebula (IC 349): An Interstellar Interloper

Barnard's Merope Nebula (IC 349) is the optically brightest portion of the diffuse nebulosity that envelops the Pleaides but is not morphologically similar to those nebulae. Knowledge of its true space motion can help clarify whether the object has a kinematic association and possibly a common origin with the Pleiades. Here we report a mean radial velocity result obtained in 1996 from spectra where hel = -44.4 km s-1 and σv = 5.42 km s - 1 (N = 5). The radial velocity result is presented along with recent values for the object's proper motion, yielding its space motion vector. Galactic space velocity components (U, V, W) = (50.6 ± 5.3, -10.3±6.7, 11.3 ± 6.4) km s - 1, referred to the LSR, were calculated for the object. In addition, the region was observed in the near-infrared to determine if a protostellar object is present within the dusty envelope of the nebula; to an equivalent luminosity upper limit of L = 0.23 ± 0.05 L⊙, none was observed. These results suggest that IC 349 is kinematically unrelated to the Pleiades and that it does not harbor a protostellar object in its dusty interior.
Solid–liquid equilibria in l-leucine + l-valine + water

Abstract Solid–liquid equilibria in the system l -leucine + l -valine + water have been measured at 298 K and ambient pressure. The system was shown to form solid solutions at equilibrium. The data also showed that the equilibrium composition of l -leucine in the liquid phase was only slightly affected by the presence of l -valine; whereas, the equilibrium composition of l -valine increased significantly with the addition of l -leucine. A simple thermodynamic model was used to correlate binary l -leucine + water and l -valine + water solubility data, and then to estimate nonidealities in the solid phase in the ternary system. Surprisingly, the solid solution exhibited significant nonidealities, emphasizing the need for analysis of the solid phase when ternary solubilities are measured.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Adaptation to Poverty-Related Stress Model: Predicting Child and Adolescent Adjustment Over Time

This study tests key tenets of the Adaptation to Poverty-related Stress Model. This model (Wadsworth, Raviv, Santiago, & Etter, 2011) builds on Conger and Elder's family stress model by proposing that primary control coping and secondary control coping can help reduce the negative effects of economic strain on parental behaviors central to the family stress model, namely, parental depressive symptoms and parent–child interactions, which together can decrease child internalizing and externalizing problems. Two hundred seventy-five coparenting couples with children between the ages of 1 and 18 participated in an evaluation of a brief family strengthening intervention, aimed at preventing economic strain's negative cascade of influence on parents, and ultimately their children. The longitudinal path model, analyzed at the couple dyad level with mothers and fathers nested within couple, showed very good fit, and was not moderated by child gender or ethnicity. Analyses revealed direct positive effects of prima...
The Influence of Interpersonal Style on the Appraisal of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common type of violence that is associated with a number of psychological problems among women who experience it. Recent research suggests that interpersonal style may influence the degree to which women exhibit psychological problems following IPV exposure. One possible mechanism through which interpersonal style may exert its effects is by influencing appraisals of the violence they experience, although this has not yet been tested empirically. In this study, we examined the effects of dimensions of interpersonal style (dominance and warmth) on IPV appraisals in a sample of young adult women (N = 219) who reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence from their romantic partner in the past year using a Bayesian approach to multiple linear regression. Our results indicated that both dominance and warmth were associated with less negative (i.e., less betrayed, self-blaming, fearful, alienated, angry, and shameful) appraisals of IPV, exhibiting small- to medium-sized effects when controlling for severity of violence. However, this effect was more prominent for dominance than for warmth. These findings shed light on the role of interpersonal style in the response to IPV and indicate directions for future research.
Depression, Cortisol Metabolism and Lymphocytopenia

Depression is often associated with hypercortisolemia. Because high levels of cortisol influence the distribution of different types of leukocytes in the blood stream, we examined the percentages and absolute numbers of circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes in 29 depressed patients who were nonsuppressors on the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), 28 depressed patients who were suppressors on the DST, and 52 schizophrenic controls. We found no significant differences in either RBC or WBC counts in the 3 groups. There were, however, significant differences in the percentages of both neutrophils and lymphocytes as well as the absolute number of lymphocytes among the groups. These differences were mostly due to significantly lower lymphocyte percentages and absolute counts in the depression-nonsuppressor group. We also found a significant negative association between post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol concentrations and blood lymphocyte counts. These data suggest a close interaction between cortisol metabolism and lymphocyte regulation in major depression.
Women's preferences for men's scents associated with testosterone and cortisol levels: Patterns across the ovulatory cycle

Abstract Women in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle show an enhanced sexual preference for masculine expressions in behavioral, morphological and scent traits. These masculinity preferences may be associated with testosterone (T) levels in males and hence connote male quality as a sire. Thus, a scent preference of fertile-phase women for T is predicted. A recent study, however, found no evidence for this, but reported that women prefer the scent of men with high cortisol (C). That study had low power to detect the predicted effect, as well as other methodological limitations. We tested women's preferences across their ovulatory cycle for the body scent of men who varied in T and C, using a larger sample of men and methods used in research on cycle preferences for symmetry-related male body scent. Conception risk in the cycle positively predicted women's scent ratings of men's T; scent ratings of C or T × C interaction were not robustly related to conception risk. Conception risk is related positively to a preference for scent of men's symmetry. This preference is distinct from that arising from a preference for the scent of T. The male-emitted chemical(s) responsible for these preferences shifts across women's cycle remain unknown.
Unique representability and matroid reconstruction

Two methods are developed for showing deletion reconstructibility of geometries that are uniquely GF(q)-representable. These adapt and extend techniques in graph edge-reconstruction by Lovasz and Nash-Williams to the realm of projective and affine geometries. Bounds that are exponential in terms of rank are given for the number of points needed to ensure that a representable geometry is reconstructible, and quadratic bounds are given for binary and ternary geometries.
Effects of providing personalized feedback of child’s obesity risk on mothers’ food choices using a virtual reality buffet

Providing personalized genetic-risk feedback of a child’s susceptibility to adult-onset health conditions is a topic of considerable debate. Family health history (FHH), specifically parental overweight/obesity status, is a useful assessment for evaluating a child’s genetic and environmental risk of becoming obese. It is unclear whether such risk information may influence parents’ efforts to reduce their child’s risk of obesity. To evaluate whether telling mothers the magnitude of their child’s risk of becoming obese based on personal FHH influenced food choices for their young child from a virtual reality-based buffet restaurant. Overweight/obese mothers of a child aged 4–5 years who met eligibility criteria (N=221) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental arms, which emphasized different health information: arm 1, food safety control (Control); arm 2, behavioral-risk information (BRI) alone or arm 3, behavioral-risk information plus personal FHH-based risk assessment (BRI+FHH). Mothers donned a head-mounted display to be immersed in a virtual restaurant buffet, where they selected virtual food and beverages as a lunch for their child. Mothers who were randomized to BRI+FHH filled the index child’s plate with an average of 45 fewer calories than those in the Control arm (P<0.05); those in the BRI arm filled the plate with 35 fewer calories than the Control arm, a non-significant difference. Calorie restriction was greatest among mothers in the BRI+FHH arm who received the weaker-risk message (that is, only one overweight parent). The influence of communicating a child’s inherited risk of obesity on mothers’ feeding practices may vary by the risk level conveyed. High-risk messages may best be coupled with strategies to increase mother’s perceptions that efforts can be undertaken to reduce risk and build requisite behavioral skills to reduce risk.
BLOOD-PRESSURE IN INFANTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit have many risk factors that may predispose them to hypertension. To determine if infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) are at greater risk for hypertension, we evaluated blood-pressure (BP) in 114 infants with a birthweight < 2 kilograms. BPs were obtained in infants hospitalized for one month or longer either directly or by Doppler method if direct method was unavailable. BP was evaluated at one week and one month of age. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and presence and grade of intraventricular hemorrhage were examined. In addition, we analyzed the duration of umbilical artery placement. All data were analyzed by birthweight groups. There was significant increase (p < .01) in mean and systolic BPs from one week to one month in infants with BPD and < 1000 grams. At one month the infants < 1000 grams and with BPD had significantly higher BPs than those without BPD in the same weight group (p < .01). There was no correlation in these infants with the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage or patent ductus arteriosus. The mean duration of umbilical artery catheter placement in infants < 1000 grams with BPD was 12 days compared to 3.8 days in those infants without BPD in the same weight group. The infants with BPD and < 1000 grams birthweight thus are at risk for hypertension.
Therapeutic neutralization of the NLRP1 inflammasome reduces the innate immune response and improves histopathology after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury elicits acute inflammation that in turn exacerbates primary brain damage. A crucial part of innate immunity in the immune privileged central nervous system involves production of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by inflammasome signaling. Here, we show that the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome consisting of NLRP1, caspase-1, caspase-11, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and pannexin 1 is expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex. Moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion injury (FPI) induced processing of interleukin-1b, activation of caspase-1, cleavage of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and promoted assembly of the NLRP1 inflammasome complex. Anti-ASC neutralizing antibodies administered immediately after fluid-percussion injury to injured rats reduced caspase-1 activation, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein cleavage, and processing of interleukin-1b, resulting in a significant decrease in contusion volume. These studies show that the NLRP1 inflammasome constitutes an important component of the innate central nervous system inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury and may be a novel therapeutic target for reducing the damaging effects of posttraumatic brain inflammation.
Conversion of America's consciousness: The rhetoric of The Exorcist

(1975). Conversion of America's consciousness: The rhetoric of The Exorcist. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 40-47.
Quality of life and patient satisfaction following Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: a community perspective

Quality of life and patient satisfaction following Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: a community perspective
Short-term wind power forecasting using nonnegative sparse coding

State-of-the-art statistical learning techniques are adapted in this contribution for real-time wind power forecasting. Spatio-temporal wind power outputs are modeled as a linear combination of “few” atoms in a dictionary. By exploiting geographical information of wind farms, a graph Laplacian-based regularizer encourages positive correlation of wind power levels of adjacent farms. Real-time forecasting is achieved by online nonnegative sparse coding with elastic net regularization. The resultant convex optimization problems are efficiently solved using a block coordinate descent solver. Numerical tests on real data corroborate the merits of the proposed approach, which outperforms competitive alternatives in forecasting accuracy.
Preliminary observation of hepatitis b-associated membranous glomerulonephritis treated with leukocyte interferon

Deux cas illustrent que l'administration d'interferon leucocytaire a des malades avec une glomerulonephrite membraneuse associee a l'hepatite B peut entrainer des modifications des marqueurs viraux et une remission temporaire partielle ou complete du syndrome nephrotique
NHERF-1 Binds to Mrp2 and Regulates Hepatic Mrp2 Expression and Function

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter localized at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes that plays an important role in bile formation and detoxification. Prior in vitro studies suggest that Mrp2 can bind to Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1), a PDZ protein that cross-links membrane proteins to actin filaments. However the role of NHERF-1 in the expression and functional regulation of Mrp2 remains largely unknown. Here we examine the interaction of Mrp2 and NHERF-1 and its physiological significance in HEK293 cells and NHERF-1 knock-out mice. Mrp2 co-precipitated with NHERF-1 in co-transfected HEK293 cells, an interaction that required the PDZ-binding motif of Mrp2. In NHERF-1−/− mouse liver, Mrp2 mRNA was unchanged but Mrp2 protein was reduced in whole cell lysates and membrane-enriched fractions to ∼50% (p
The extrapolation of light-scattering data to zero concentration

The problem of protein interactions has been a focus of research over a long period of time. It is well known that such systems as enzyme-substrate and antigen-antibody interactions involve the association of the active protein with other molecules. Furthermore, the degree of molecular dispersion of a protein may greatly affect its biological properties as shown, for example, by Nord and co-workers (1-5). Bier and Nord (5, 6) were among the first to show that light scattering could be used for the study of protein interactions. In general, this technique has gained wide acceptance for the study of protein associations and the thermodynamics of macromolecular interacting systems (7-17). The interactions which a protein undergoes in solution, however, lead often to serious complications in the analysis of light-scattering data. These complications usually manifest themselves in rendering the extrapolation to zero protein concentration very difficult or in introducing a certain amount of uncertainty into the meaning of the intercept. As a result, a certain amount of confusion has existed as to whether the correct molecular weight of polyelectrolytes, such as proteins, can be obtained only in the presence of salt or, to the contrary, only in the salt-free case. It is the purpose of this paper to present an analysis of various factors affecting the extrapolation of light-scattering data to zero concentration and to outline by typical examples the proper procedure to be used in various cases.
PROSE-RELEVANT PICTURES AND RECALL FROM SCIENCE TEXT

The effects of prose-relevant pictures on 42 college students' prose recall were studied. Students were given one of two instructional treatments (prose-plus-pictures, prose-only) which included science content. An immediate- and delayed-recall criterion measure was administered. The prose-plus-picture group's mean criterion test score was significantly greater than that of the prose-only group but only in the immediate testing condition.
Is victim identity in genocide a question of science or law? The scientific perspective, with special reference to Darfur

In genocide, victims must represent an ethnic, racial, religious or national group. But is victim identity a question of science or law? Must victims be a socially recognized group or can group identity exist solely in the mind of the perpetrator? This question is relevant to the on-going crisis in Darfur. The "Arab-on-African" violence depicted in the media encompasses identities not shared by Darfurians. This study details an evaluation of victim identity in Darfur, based on field research and literature review. Darfurians are defined by subsistence strategy and economic groups are not protected under genocide law. Whether Darfur is genocide depends on whether victims must conform to scientific group classifications or need only be defined by their relationship to the perpetrators.
The intracutaneous growth of murine lymphomas: epidermal invasion is characteristic of multiple tumor phenotypes.

Affinity of lymphoid cells for the epidermis (epidermotropism) is characteristic of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Consistent with numerous studies indicating that mycosis fungoides is a neoplasm of OKT4+T8- ("helper/inducer") T lymphocytes is the possibility that epidermotropism is a phenotypic hallmark of this subset of malignant T cells. This proposal was investigated in mice using 8 phenotypically characterized lymphomas of BALB/c origin: 3 histiocytic (phagocytic, lysozyme-positive, FcR+, Ig-, Thy 1-), 1 B-cell (IgM+, FcR+, Thy 1-), and 4 T-cell (Ig-, Thy 1+) lines, including 1 with markers of mouse helper/inducer T cells (Lyt1+23-), 2 with suppressor/cytotoxic markers (Lyt1-23+), and 1 with markers of immature thymocytes (Lyt1+23+). The intracutaneous growth pattern of these lines was studied on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections through the centers of tumors obtained at times after intradermal injection into parallel groups of syngeneic mice. All of these lymphomas manifested variable epidermotropism that followed a typical sequence. Following dermal growth and spread to the dermal-epidermal junction, tumor cells appeared within the stratum spinosum. Subsequently, collections of cells appeared in spaces within the epidermis (Pautrier-like microabscesses) in tumors >2 cm in diameter, coincident with early epidermal necrosis. Thus, in this animal model it is clear that the intraepidermal invasion/growth does not correlate with the helper/inducer T-cell surface phenotype. These observations are nonetheless consistent with recent studies using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens which have demonstrated a heterogeneity of lymphoid cell subsets within the epidermis in lesions of mycosis fungoides and of other malignant and benign dermatoses.
Treatment of human prostate cancer cells with dolastatin 10, a peptide isolated from a marine shell-less mollusc.

BACKGROUND Dolastatin 10 is an anticancer peptide isolated from the sea hare, Dolabela auricularia, which is currently in phase I trials. METHODS The effects of dolastatin 10 on the DU-145 human prostate cancer cell line were studied both in tissue culture and in athymic nude mice. In tissue culture, after dolastatin 10 treatment, cell cycle kinetics were measured using propidum iodide, apoptosis was estimated using the TUNEL assay, and tubulin architecture studied by direct immunofluorescence. RESULTS At concentrations of 1 nM (IC50 = 0.5 nM), dolastatin 10 completely inhibited the growth in tissue culture of human prostate cancer DU-145 cells. Growth inhibition was correlated with the arrest of these cells in G2/M and alpha-tubulin depolymerization. In athymic mice at a dose of 5 micrograms every 4 days i.p., dolastatin 10 blocked the diaphragmatic invasion of DU-145 tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Dolastatin 10 is a novel marine-derived compound with activity in the treatment of human prostate cancer in animals. The mechanism of action of this agent involves tubulin depolymerization but not the induction of apoptosis.
A direct method for analyzing the forced vibrations of continuous systems having damping

The classical procedure for analyzing the forced vibrations of a continuous system having damping is well known—one expresses the forcing function in terms of the eigenfunctions of free vibration, and determines the amplitude and time response of each mode. However, exact eigensolutions are seldom known and, if they are available, the procedure is usually a long and laborious method. The present paper extends the Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin approximate methods used widely on free vibration problems to forced vibration problems having damping. The procedure developed is simple and straightforward and the accuracy of the results depends, in a manner similar to the free vibration case, upon the closeness of the assumed mode shapes to the actual excited mode shapes. The procedure is developed for a general class of forced vibration problems of one-, two- and three-dimensional continuous bodies and is demonstrated by two classical examples. The first example, a vibrating string, has a simple forced vibration solution by the classical normal mode expansion procedure. The present approximate method is seen to give reasonable accuracy for amplitude response with a single-function assumed deflection mode. An extremely accurate solution is obtained by taking two trial functions. The second example, a clamped circular plate, has an exact, but intricate and laborious solution by the classical procedure. The present method is used with a single deflection function to obtain useful results quite easily. Further extensions of the method are also discussed.
An Approach to Modelling Karst Landscapes

Abstract A methodology is outlined whereby surface solution in a horizontally–bedded, homogeneous limestone can be modelled if the dominant fracture zones, and the ratio between the rate of vertical and horizontal solution [(δv/δh)KE] is known. The ratio (δv/δh)KE is climate and bedrock dependent; the most important climatic variable may be the frequency of intense rainfall, the most important bedrock property its mechanical strength. It is apparent from published data that mean (δv/δh)KE values in doline areas may be lower than in cockpit areas. The modelling procedure assumes that doline karst develops when (δv/δh)KE is less than 0.002 to 0.39 and cockpit karst when (δv/δh)KE is 0.40 to more than 0.70. Landscape models have been generated depicting the stage in karst development when closed depressions have just coalesced; these closely resemble some present–day doline and cockpit karst terrains.
Abnormal Lung Perfusion in a Patient with Bronchial Adenoma

A 40 percent to 50 percent reduction in pulmonary blood flow has been reported when hypoxia is induced in one lung by unilateral nitrogen breathing. The effect of unilateral hypoxia due to prolonged obstruction of a major bronchus has not been recorded previously. A patient showing total lack of pulmonary artery perfusion of the left lung secondary to bronchial obstruction by an adenoma is presented.
Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in the Vastus Lateralis muscle of aging African green vervet monkeys.

Abstract Non-human primates (NHP) represent an emerging animal model for the study of physical function, and provide opportunities for exploration of relationships of muscle biomolecular changes with age. One such primate model, the African green vervet monkey, has been used extensively in biomedical research but little is known regarding skeletal muscle composition, expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, and changes with age. In the present study we examined the effects of age on vastus lateralis (VL) muscle fiber-type composition, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and MHC isoforms expressed in 4 young and 4 older adult vervet monkeys. Proteomics analysis, using a human and nonhuman primate protein database, showed five MHC isoforms (I, IIA, IIX, IIB, and IIB′) expressed in female vervet VL muscle, which matched the human MHC isoforms. Fast type II fibers predominated and no pure type IIB or IIB’ containing fibers were detected. Hybrid fibers containing IIB/IIB’ MHC decreased in the old vervets. The CSA of both type I and type II fibers was significantly smaller in older vervet while type IIA fibers showed the most severity of atrophy. The decrease of fast MHC and atrophy of muscle fiber with aging recapitulate observations in human VL muscle. These findings, along with its homology of MHC between the vervet and human suggested that the vervet monkey may be a suitable preclinical model for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of sarcopenia and for developing new interventions to ameliorate the impact of disorders that affect skeletal muscle structure and function.
Structural features of rat cardiac ferritins.

Abstract Ferritin extracted from rat heart contains two species separable by gel electrophoresis. These were purified and examined for structural characteristics. As in gel electrophoresis, cardiac ferritin preparations yielded only two bands on isoelectric focusing in gels, with pI values of 4.6 and 4.8. After separation by preparative electrophoresis, the two species were found to have a different amino acid composition from each another and from liver ferritin. Similarly, peptide maps showed several components not found in liver ferritin. On dissociation and electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate, heart ferritins were found to contain subunits of the same sizes as in other rat ferritins but also some larger components. Since cardiac ferritins have apparent molecular weights greater than those of other ferritins, it is concluded they probably contain more subunits, and possibly some of larger size not present in ferritins of other tissues.
How Does Geography Matter in the Ethnic Labor Market Segmentation Process? A Case Study of Chinese Immigrants in the San Francisco CMSA

With the continuing influx of large numbers of immigrants to the United States, urban labor market segmentation along the lines of race, ethnicity, gender, and class has drawn considerable attention. Using a confidential data set extracted from the United States Decennial Long Form Data 2000 and a multilevel regression modeling strategy, this article presents a case study of Chinese immigrants in the San Francisco metropolitan area. Correspondent with the highly segregated nature of the labor market between Chinese immigrant men and women, different socioeconomic characteristics at the census tract level are significantly related to their occupational segregation. The results of this study suggest that the social process of labor market segmentation is contingent on the immigrant geography of residence and workplace. Whereas the direction and magnitude of the spatial contingency are different between men and women, residency in Chinese immigrant-concentrated areas is perpetuating gender occupational segre...
A phase-locked receiving array for high-frequency communications use

An automatically phased HF receiving array using separate RF amplifiers for each element and IF signal combination is discussed. The type of array considered corrects essentially all phase errors between the distant transmitter and the point where the received signals are combined. This includes errors due to the propagation path, array element motion, near-field obstructions, and instabilities in electronic equipment and RF cables. The array also corrects phase shifts due to changes in angle of arrival, thus giving it the highly desirable property of automatically tracking a desired signal. The effects of interference on array performance and methods for minimizing these effects are discussed. The effect of a single monochromatic interfering signal is discussed in some detail, and results showing regions of acceptable and unacceptable performance in terms of the ratio of desired-to-interfering signal strength and the difference between desired and interfering signal frequencies are presented. A six-element experimental array is described, a technique for measuring patterns is discussed, and measured array patterns are compared with calculated array patterns.
Determinants of ejaculatory failure in the copulatory behavior of cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus)

Although cactus mice,Peromyscus eremicus, typically resume copulatory behavior soon after attaining their first ejaculation, they rarely attain additional ejaculations. Experiment I was designed to determine the relative contribution of the male and female to this phenomenon of “ejaculatory failure”—the failure to attain ejaculation despite initiation of a series. Each of 18 male and 18 female cactus mice was tested in three conditions: once with a mated male paired with an unmated female, once with an unmated male paired with a mated female, and once with the original pairing retained. Ejaculatory failure was found to be primarily attributable to changes in the male. In Experiment II, it was found that the inhibitory effects of the first series are largely, but not completely, dissipated after 24 h. The first ejaculatory series appears to produce an elevation of the male’s ejaculatory threshold.
Nuclear energy: Danger zone

Questions over safety, disposal of waste and the possibility that plants could make material suitable for weapons have slowed the spread of nuclear technology
Interface study and boundary smoothing on designed composite material microstructures for manufacturing purposes

The manufacturability of composite mate- rial microstructures designed by the homogenized top- ology optimization method has to be considered when bringing the design into reality. In this paper, numerical studies are conducted on multiphase material microstruc- tures that have negative coefficients of thermal expan- sion, for the purpose of improving manufacturability. Re- alistic manufacturing factors are considered, including the diffusion interface between two constituent phases and vectorized toolpath design. The effect of the mix- ture interface between two solid phases is examined by homogenization analysis. An image-processing program is developed to smooth out the boundaries of the topo- logical structure to facilitate toolpath design. Numerical results show that the diffusion interface between two solid material phases reduces the effective negative thermal expansion property of the whole microstructure. The de- signed material properties are retained and converge after boundary smoothing.
A new proposal to the implementation of substation integrated systems for protection, control and information

Over the years there have been a number of publications, discussions, proposals and designs on the integration of control, protection and monitoring functions on to a common system. This has led manufacturers to develop systems that have varying advantages and disadvantages. Recently, NGC started pilot installations to determine which of the options available for integration would deliver the business benefits identified in its integration strategy, known as Substation Information Control and Protection-SICAP. This paper puts forward yet another option for consideration. The advantage of the proposal is that it can introduce a multi-vendor future proof installation that delivers the benefits of integration and opens a new market of software support. The concept is outside NGC's current SICAP initiatives but could be considered as a future objective depending on the market direction.
In situ hydrogen peroxide production may account for a portion of NUV (300-400 nm) inactivation of stationary phase Escherichia coli.

— Pre-irradiation of stationary phase cells of Escherichia coli K-12 with broadband near-UV radiation potentiates the lethal effects of subsequent exposure to near-UV radiation plus hydrogen peroxide. Identical fluences failed to modulate killing due to far-UV radiation. These data indicate that biologically revelant levels of hydrogen peroxide may be generated in situ upon the near-UV irradiation of cells.
Generalized conditioned reinforcement in satiated rats

A buzzer was established as a discriminative stimulus for rats in six different training procedures with food or water reinforcement. When the rats were satiated and tested in a new situation, they acquired a preference for a response which produced the buzzer, and responded differentially in a stimulus correlated with availability of the buzzer.
Predation by the epipelagic heteropod mollusk Carinaria cristata forma japonica

In surface waters off Southern California (USA), Carinaria cristata forma japonica van der Spoel, 1972 feeds on a variety of zooplankton, although thaliaceans, chaetognaths, and copepods predominate numerically in the diet. Feeding intensity is greatest on the most abundant of two species of thaliaceans, depending on which one dominates in the plankton at the time. Some cannibalism occurs, with the prey being about one half the size of the predator. Feeding intensity is greatest during the day, possibly because heteropods depend on vision to locate prey and because prey species are more available by day. Comparisons of the proportion of each prey species in the diet and in the plankton indicate preferential feeding on thaliaceans, chaetognaths, and mollusks; in contrast, crustaceans and especially the copepods are non-preferred prey. These preference patterns may reflect differences among prey species in the ability to escape capture. Predator and prey size are positively correlated for Doliolum denticulatum gonozoids and oozoids, Thalia democratica aggregates, and Sagitta spp. Smaller individuals of D. denticulatum gonozoids and Sagitta spp. are selectively preyed on, resulting in size refuges for larger individuals.
A search technique for global optimizatin in a chaotic environment

We describe a new algorithm which uses the trajectories of a discrete dynamical system to sample the domain of an unconstrained objective function in search of global minima. The algorithm is unusually adept at avoiding nonoptimal local minima and successfully converging to a global minimum. Trajectories generated by the algorithm for objective functions with many local minima exhibit chaotic behavior, in the sense that they are extremely sensitive to changes in initial conditions and system parameters. In this context, chaos seems to have a beneficial effect: failure to converge to a global minimum from a given initial point can often be rectified by making arbitrarily small changes in the system parameters.
Hypothyroidism and Reversible Kidney Dysfunction: An Essential Relationship to Recognize

ABSTRACT Objective To report 3 cases of reversible hypothyroidism-induced kidney dysfunction and review the interaction between these commonly encountered, yet seemingly disparate, conditions. Methods We describe the clinical course and laboratory and physical findings of 3 patients who presented with kidney dysfunction that improved after initiating thyroid hormone replacement therapy. We also review similar cases in the literature and discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms. Results A 68-year-old male presented with classical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, including fatigue, confusion, and gait imbalance. Physical exam showed bradycardia, thyromegaly, slow mentation, and cracked, thin skin; he was found to have decreased kidney function. Second, a 42-year-old previously healthy female presented with bilateral hand swelling and elevated serum creatinine with an otherwise unremarkable physical exam. The third patient was a 72-year-old male with advanced heart failure on amiodarone and stage 3 chronic kidney disease who presented with fatigue, acute kidney injury, and lower extremity edema. In all cases, serum creatinine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were elevated at presentation (1.4-3.0 mg/dL and 94.1-184 mIU/L respectively), and free thyroxine (T4) was low (undetectable-0.4 ng/dL). The initiation or increased dose of levothyroxine normalized serum creatinine to baseline within 2 to 10 months. Conclusion Hypothyroidism and kidney dysfunction are both commonly encountered clinical entities, but the interplay between the thyroid gland and kidneys may be infrequently recalled, causing the reversible relationship between these 2 disorders to be missed. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:490-499)