cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ethics of conscious capitalism: Wicked problems in leading change and changing leaders:

Given corporate scandals, organizational crises, and accounting irregularities (e.g. Citigroup, BP oil spill, Enron, Arthur Andersen), leadership ethics has grown in relevance. The current study takes a discursive approach to engage in a multimethod case study of a consulting and leadership development firm that takes Conscious Capitalism as the impetus for, and target of, leader development. Using constructivist grounded theory and critical discourse analysis, we reveal themes and ‘best practices’ voiced by consultants and clients for cultivating mindfulness and developing ethical leaders, as well as micro- and macro-level paradoxes, tensions, and challenges: structuring-releasing; expanding-contracting; opening up-closing; and collaborating-competing. Our critical approach contributes (a) a critique of Conscious Capitalism as a Discourse that appears to offer hope for business ethics and societal transformation and (b) a critique of ethical leadership development through embedded power relations and the...
Predators influence the tidal distribution of oysters ( Crassostrea virginica )

Biotic and abiotic conditions can separately and synergistically influence the abundance and distribution of species and create vertical zonation patterns in marine systems. In Corpus Christi Bay, TX, USA, eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are limited to intertidal habitats, while in adjacent estuaries, oysters not only grow subtidally, but thrive in these areas to the extent they are a viable commercial fishery. The purpose of this study was to assess how predators and abiotic conditions affect oyster mortality and growth at different tidal elevations. Anecdotal evidence suggests that abiotic conditions, primarily hypoxia and salinity, as well as oyster disease, limits oysters to intertidal areas. Yet, in Corpus Christi Bay, oysters are absent from subtidal areas where hypoxia is not known to occur. Infection by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) is common in the study area, but previous work suggests that infection rates do not increase when oysters are transplanted subtidally. We investigated oyster tidal distributions by transplanting newly settled oysters into intertidal and subtidal areas. Predation on oysters was significantly greater in subtidal as compared to intertidal habitats. When protected from predators using cages, oyster survival significantly increased. Further, oysters in subtidal areas allocated significantly more resources to shell growth than did those in intertidal areas, and oysters are known to grow heavier shells in response to predators. Oyster settlement was not statistically different between inter and subtidal areas, and abiotic conditions measured during the study did not exceed known tolerance limits for oysters. Previous studies have shown that abiotic conditions influence oyster mortality and the success of restored oyster reefs. Our findings indicate that predators can also affect oyster distribution, and their effects should be evaluated when developing plans for oyster management and restoration.
Central insulin and leptin-mediated autonomic control of glucose homeostasis

Largely as a result of rising obesity rates, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is escalating rapidly. Type 2 diabetes results from multi-organ dysfunctional glucose metabolism. Recent publications have highlighted hypothalamic insulin- and adipokine-sensing as a major determinant of peripheral glucose and insulin responsiveness. The preponderance of evidence indicates that the brain is the master regulator of glucose homeostasis, and that hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling in particular play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. This review discusses the neuronal crosstalk between the hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system, and tissues associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and how hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling are integral to maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.
Tafazzin knockdown causes hypertrophy of neonatal ventricular myocytes

Mutation of the mitochondrial protein tafazzin causes dilated cardiomyopathy in Barth syndrome. We employed an adenovirus as a vector to transfer tafazzin small hairpin RNA (shRNA) into neonatal ventricular myocytes (NVMs) to investigate the effects of tafazzin knockdown. The tafazzin shRNA adenovirus consistently knocked down tafazzin mRNA and lowered cardiolipin while significantly decreasing the production of ATP by the mitochondria. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and mitochondrial density were both increased in tafazzin knockdown NVMs compared with scrambled shRNA controls. When we tested whether tafazzin knockdown causes hypertrophy in vitro, we found that the surface area of NVMs infected with tafazzin shRNA adenovirus was significantly increased, as were the protein synthesis and expression of the hypertrophic marker gene, brain natriuretic peptide. Taken together, our data support the concept that a decreased tafazzin expression causes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro.
A Fence-like Coat for the Nuclear Pore Membrane

We recently proposed a cylindrical coat for the nuclear pore membrane in the nuclear pore complex (NPC). This scaffold is generated by multiple copies of seven nucleoporins. Here, we report three crystal structures of the nucleoporin pair Seh1*Nup85, which is part of the coat cylinder. The Seh1*Nup85 assembly bears resemblance in its shape and dimensions to that of another nucleoporin pair, Sec13*Nup145C. Furthermore, the Seh1*Nup85 structures reveal a hinge motion that may facilitate conformational changes in the NPC during import of integral membrane proteins and/or during nucleocytoplasmic transport. We propose that Seh1*Nup85 and Sec13*Nup145C form 16 alternating, vertical rods that are horizontally linked by the three remaining nucleoporins of the coat cylinder. Shared architectural and mechanistic principles with the COPII coat indicate a common evolutionary origin and support the notion that the NPC coat represents another class of membrane coats.
Statistical approach to low power and high volume Pineview Atom-based SoC design

this paper describes a statistical design approach used in the Pineview Atom-based SoC products for next generation Netbook/Nettop markets. The Pineview achieves low power, high performance, and high yield goals. Fabrication process variation in advanced submicron semiconductor introduces new challenges to design team. The process variations are modeled using a statistical approach and factored into timing convergence and low power convergence. A statistical post-silicon power model is also used to further optimize yields and bin-split for power and performance of manufactured dies. We explain tradeoffs and optimization considerations for different IP blocks of Pineview SoC.
General strategy for synthesis of C-19 methyl-substituted sarpagine/macroline/ajmaline indole alkaloids including total synthesis of 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine, 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine-17-al, and peraksine.

A detailed account of the development of a general strategy for synthesis of the C-19 methyl-substituted alkaloids including total synthesis of 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine-17-al (1), 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine (2), and peraksine (6) is presented. Efforts directed toward the total synthesis of macrosalhine chloride (5) are also reported. Important to success is the sequence of chemical reactions which include a critical haloboration reaction, regioselective hydroboration, and controlled oxidation (to provide sensitive enolizable aldehydes at C-20). In addition, the all-important Pd-catalyzed α-vinylation reaction has been extended to a chiral C-19 alkyl-substituted substrate for the first time. Synthesis of the advanced intermediate 64 completes an improved formal total synthesis of talcarpine (26) and provides a starting point for synthesis of macroline-related alkaloids 27–31. Similarly, extension of this synthetic strategy in the ring A oxygenated series should provide easy access to the northern hem...
Spectroscopy and Photoreactions of Organometallic Molecules on Surfaces

A study of the UV photochemistry of organometallic molecules in the vapor and adsorbed phases is discussed. The gas-phase spectra is interpreted on the basis of molecular orbital theory and experimental data. The absorption spectra of the surface adlayers are determined by computer subtraction of the gas-phase spectra and an intepretation is provided. The influence of metal-substrate microstructure on UV photochemical reactions of metal alkyls is briefly discussed.
La presencia de José Carlos Mariátegui en el "Repertorio americano" (Costa Rica, 1919-1959)

En las revistas latinoamericanas de los anos veinte, un nucleo de escritores publicaba sus trabajos sobre la interaccion entre las artes internacionales y la politica local, creando asi un genuino espiritu fraterno y un dialogo internacional entre los formuladores de la conciencia nacional de una multitud de paises. Las revistas dejaban el testimonio de un proceso intelectual en formacion por medio de un gran numero de materiales que coexistian simultaneamente en varias revistas. En este dialogo, dos de las voces mas sobresalientes fueron la de Jose Carlos Mariategui, director de Amauta y colaborador en muchas revistas de su epoca, entre ellas, el Repertorio Americano; y la de Joaquin Garcia Monge, redactor infatigable del Repertorio Americano. Mariategui contribuyo principalmente con tres discursos del Repertorio Americano: el americanismo continental, el papel de la ensenanza en la creacion de la nacion y el impacto del artista en la formulacion de la cultura contemporanea. Aqui tambien se senala como los criticos de la epoca vieron a Mariategui y sus contribuciones, especialmente su trabajo como director de Amauta. In Latin American magazines of the 20's, a group of writers published their works on the interaction of international arts and local politics, thus creating a genuine fraternal spirit and an international dialogue between the people who formulate the national conscience of a multitude of countries. These magazine s are the testimony of an intellectual process in formation, through a great ammount of materials that coexisted in various magazines. In this dialogue, two of the most outstanding voices were that of Jose Carlos Mariategui, director of Amauta and contributor to many magazines of his time, including Repertorio Americano, and that of Joaquin Garcia Monge, untiring editor of Repertorio Americano. Mariategui contributed mainly with three discourses of Repertorio Americano: continental Americanism, the role of teaching in the creation of the nation, and the impact of the artist in the formulation of contemporary culture. Here we also point out how the critics of that time saw Mariategui and his contributions, specially his work as the director of Amauta.
Seven Women Speak: Perceptions of Economic Empowerment Among Women in Cape Town

The research study described in this paper examines women’s perceptions of their economic opportunities and sense of empowerment in Cape Town. Although the status of women in South Africa has improved since apartheid, there are still significant inequalities among women and men in the workforce. This gender discrimination has reverberating effects on the poverty and development of South Africa as a nation, as many argue that women’s economic empowerment is directly correlated with the overall growth of a country. South African policymakers would benefit from comparing and analyzing women’s views of their own economic opportunities, as this study highlights that women experience complex forms of discrimination based on their identities in society today. The participants of this small-scale qualitative research study are seven women of diverse races and ages. The synthesis of this cross-racial and generational research provides a non-representative sample of the concerns of women in Cape Town regarding economic empowerment. From these interviews it was found that cultural upbringing is a highly influential factor in women’s economic success that can significantly limit or promote women’s economic empowerment. This research also highlighted underlying insecurities that many women in the workforce feel regarding their professional abilities and value, an issue that results from intersectional oppressions experienced by women and from apartheid’s legacies of patriarchal power dynamics. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that women’s experiences with economic empowerment depend greatly on their unique culture and family structure, rather than purely racial and class distinctions. This research highlights the intersectional gender discrimination faced by women in Cape Town and emphasizes the need to address oppressive remnants of apartheid in South Africa today. Author’s Note Shanna Cole is a recent graduate from the George Washington University. She received her Bachelors degree in International Affairs, with a concentration in International Politics, and a minor in Women’s Studies. Her undergraduate work has focused on international On Our Terms, ! Cole, “Seven Women Speak” 2 development and human rights policy, Sub-Saharan African studies, and international security politics. This paper is the culmination of an independent field research project that Shanna conducted in the spring of 2014 in Cape Town, South Africa.
Tests of Chemical Control of the Cereal Leaf Beetle

Stauffer N-2596 ( S-(p -chlorphenyl) O -ethylphos-phonodithioate), and Fisons NC-6897 (2,3-(isopropylidenedioxy) phenyl methylcarbamate), showed promise, and the effectiveness of endosulfan; Allied GC-9160 (ethyl 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachlorooctahydro-2-hydroxy-1,3,4-methano-2 H -cyclobuta[ cd ]pentalene-2-levulinate); carbofuran; carbaryl; Landrin® (3,4,5-trimethy1-phenyl methylcarbamate, 75%; 2,3,5 trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate, 18%); and Stauffer N-4543 ( O- isobutyl ethylphosphonodithioate S-ester with N -(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide), was confirmed for control of Oulema melanopus (L.) in oats in a series of field tests during 1968-70. Padan® ( S,S' -[2-(dimethylamino) trimethlyene] bis (thiocarbamate), hydrochloride), Mobam® (benzo[b]thien-4-yl methylcarbamate), propoxur, Supracide® ( S -(2-methoxy-5-oxo-△2-1,3,4 thiadiazolin-4-yl)-methyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate), Allied GC-6506 (dimethyl p -(methylthio) phenyl phosphate), duPont 1410 (methyl N,N -dimethyl- N' -[ (methylcarbamoyl) oxy]-lthiooxamimidate), and methomyl gave short residual protection of the plants. Cyolane® (cyclic ethylene P,P-diethyl phosphonoclithioimidocarbonate) showed evidence of inhibiting feeding of the larvae. Monocrotophos gave a slow kill of the pest. Fenitrothion, methyl parathion, spores of a Hungarian strain of Bacillus thruingiensis Berliner, phosalone, and Bithion® O,O' -(thiodi- p -phenylene) ( O,O,O',O' -tetramethyl phosphorothioate), were unsatisfactory for control of the pest.
Electronic and ionic structures of warm and hot dense matter

The results of a numerical implementation of the recent average atom model including ion-ion correlations of Starrett and Saumon [Phys. Rev. E 85, 026403 (2012)] are presented. The solution is obtained by coupling an average atom model to a two-component plasma model of electrons and ions. The two models are solved self-consistently and results are given in the form of pair distribution functions. Ion-ion pair distribution functions for hydrogen, carbon, aluminum, and iron are compared to quantum and Thomas-Fermi molecular dynamics simulations as well as path-integral Monte Carlo calculations and good agreement is found for a wide variety of plasma conditions in the warm and hot dense matter regime.
Safe and Effective Means of Detecting and Quantitating Shiga-Like Toxins in Attomole Amounts

Shiga-like toxins (verotoxins) are a class of AB5 holotoxins that are primarily responsible for the virulence associated with Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. The holotoxins are composed of a pentamer of identical subunits (B subunit) responsible for delivering the catalytic subunit (A subunit) to a host cell and facilitating endocytosis of the toxin into the cell. The B subunits are not associated with toxicity. We developed a multiple reaction monitoring method based on analyzing conserved peptides, derived from the tryptic digestion of the B subunits. Stable-isotope-labeled analogues were prepared and used as internal standards to identify and quantify these characteristic peptides. We were able to detect and quantify Shiga toxins (Stx), Shiga-like toxin type 1 (Stx1) and type 2 (Stx2) subtypes, and to distinguish among most of the known subtypes. The limit of detection for digested pure standards was in the low attomole range/injection (~10 attomoles), which corresponded to a concentration of 1.7 femtomol/mL. A matrix effect was observed when dilute samples were digested in the buffer, Luria broth, or mouse plasma (LOD ~ 30 attomol/injection = 5 femtomol/mL). In addition, we determined that the procedures necessary to perform our mass spectrometry-based analysis completely inactivate the toxins present in the sample. This is a safe and effective method of detecting and quantitating Stx, Stx1, and Stx2, since it does not require the use of intact toxins.
Active control of flow boiling oscillation amplitude and frequency using a transverse jet in crossflow

We demonstrate a technique to mitigate thermal oscillations in microchannel flow boiling and suppress the characteristic frequency associated with these oscillations. The method employs a transverse jet in crossflow that is fabricated along with the primary microchannel in a double-sided vinyl tape, using laser machining. Liquid at ambient temperature is injected into a flow boiling region at different momentum flux ratios to control the local temperature. A maximum reduction of 82% in temperature fluctuations was demonstrated and the dominant frequency of oscillations was completely suppressed within a particular range of momentum flux ratios. The observed phenomena are attributed to the replenishment of liquid into dryout regions, thereby preventing the large temperature rise and subsequent drop caused by dryout and rewetting, respectively.
Strategy for incorporating molecular and cytogenetic markers into acute myeloid leukemia therapy.

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disease. Standard treatments may be applied to biologically distinct subgroups, resulting in different treatment outcomes. The concept of risk-adapted therapy allows for recognition of this biologic diversity by incorporating key biologic features, such as cytogenetic and molecular markers, when formulating treatment regimens and investigating emerging targeted therapies based on disease characteristics.
Application of Image Recognition for FMI Image Processing

Some algorithms for image recognition is recreated , by which a set of algorithms are designed for FMI image processing in the whole wellbore microconductivity logging, multi-objects detection, objective parameter calculation, parameter analysis and application in FMI image processing are realized with the method. The characteristic quantity (length, width, circularity and complexity) of hole and sew obtained from FMI image is used to carry out quantitative a-nalysis of FMI image.
Advances in Cell and Tissue Culture of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional medicinal herb and also an important oilseed crop. In this paper, the callus induction, large scale cell culture, secondary metabolite, synthesis, somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of safflower are briefly reviewed, and the prospect of this research field is also discussed.
Expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene but not oxidized regenerated cellulose prevents adhesion formation and reformation in a mouse uterine horn model of surgical injury *

Objective To evaluate the ability of the two currently available surgical barriers, oxidized regenerated cellulose and expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to prevent postsurgical adhesions. Design Murine uterine horns were approximated in the midline and the contacting uterine surfaces injured by electrocautery, cutting, and scratching, with and without barriers interposed. Sham-operated and experimental animals had adhesions assessed visually and histologically 7days postoperatively. In another group, adhesions were created and then lysed 7days later with barriers interposed. Readhesion formation was assessed 14days after lysis with the PTFE being removed 7days after lysis. Setting Research laboratory Results Adhesions occurred at 58.5% of the electrocautery sites without barriers, 100% of the readhesion sites with recautery for hemostasis, and 92% of the recautery sites without hemostasis. None of the sham-operated sites developed adhesions. When oxidized regenerated cellulose was interposed, adhesions were observed at 36% of uninjured uterine horn sites, 62% with single and 92% with double electrocautery injuries and 90% of the reformation sites. The PTFE did not cause adhesions in uninjured controls and completely prevented adhesion formation and reformation, regardless of the type of injury or whether hemostasis was achieved. A thin cellular membrane, continuous with the uterine serosa, enveloped the PTFE. Conclusions Expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene, but not oxidized regenerated cellulose, prevents adhesion formation and reformation in this murine uterine horn model. Additionally, oxidized regenerated cellulose was adhesiogenic even without surgical injury.
GLUTAMATE FERMENTATION AND THE DISCOVERY OF B12 COENZYMES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the study of glutamate fermentation and the discovery of B12 coenzymes. The discovery of the coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 and related corrinoid compounds resulted from studies on the fermentative degradation of glutamate by Clostridium tetanomorphum was pursued for many years. During 1934–1935, van Niel started enrichment cultures for soil anaerobes able to ferment various amino acids and one of his students isolated a pure culture of a clostridium from glutamate enrichment but did not demonstrate that it was able to ferment glutamate. Chi the basis of the stoichiometric relations among the fermentation products an alternative pathway was postulated that involved a C2–C4 cleavage of the glutamate molecule to give carbon dioxide and a four-carbon monocarboxyhc acid intermediate that could be either oxidized to two moles of acetate or reduced to butyrate. Such a pathway is used by several glutamate-fermenting bacteria but not by Cl. Tetanomorphum.
The Meaning of History: A Further Contribution to URAM Buber Studies (URAM 17: 33–49)

Dans la perspective de Martin Buber, l'histoire ne se reduit pas au libre jeu d'elements indecidables pour ceux qui la vivent. L'histoire apparait plutot comme une tension entre des forces de fermeture et les dons de la liberte (decision, courage). Sa vision de l'histoire est basee sur la mise en valeur du dialogue. Il cherche a capturer et a confronter l'immediatete de la vie, de l'histoire et des relations humaines a partir de ce que l'homme est reellement (etre) et non de ce que l'individu pretend etre (sembler)
Does ultrasociality really exist – and is it the best predictor of human economic behaviors?

We agree that human economic structures can be informed by comparative analyses; however, we do not agree with several of Gowdy & Krall's specific assertions, which may hinder the generative potential of their model. We discuss these limitations from both biological and economic perspectives, and offer an alternative explanation for the expression of human economic behaviors based on individual optimization strategies.
PPEP: A Deployable Privacy Preserving E-Commerce Protocol for Electronic Goods

Today's e-commerce transactions reveal private information of customers whose identities are ultimately disclosed during payment. When online transactions are linked to customer's identities, private information such as their health condition, religion, and ethnicity can be deduced. This private information can be used for discrimination, investigation, profiling, and other forms of privacy violations against the customer. We propose a Privacy Preserving E-Commerce Protocol (PPEP) that decouples or unlinks online transactions from customer identities, thereby giving online shoppers anonymity within e-commerce sites. PPEP is designed to work within the constraints of existing e-commerce technology and requires minimal changes at the customer and merchant sites, increasing its chances for deployability. The current protocol supports transactions for e-goods only. We also present a scheme in PPEP that enables merchants to perform customer management (i.e., reward programs or product recommendation) without revealing customers' identities to the merchants.
Of Monarchs and Islamists: The ‘Refo-lutionary’ Promise of the PJD Islamists and Regime Control in Morocco

AbstractThe article engages the literature on political parties in semi-authoritarian regimes to examine the state and Islamists’ strategies in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings in Morocco. The pace of state reforms and the regime’s institutional flexibility pre-Arab spring, the cosmetic reforms in the new constitution, and the 2011 legislative elections so far have insulated the Moroccan regime against any meaningful constitutional and institutional changes. However, the electoral contests produced an opportunity for the Islamist Party of Justice and Development (PJD) to enter the Moroccan political scene at the helm of the government. Using extensive field research and interviews with PJD members, I argue that the party is pursuing a pragmatic ‘refolutionary’ strategy within the regime’s constitutional rules of the game, aiming to mitigate the authoritarian features of the government while tackling, with limited success, Morocco’s major socio-economic issues. Ultimately, the regime’s control over...
Immune Response in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Integrated Learning Module.

Introduction Medical students are introduced to skin rashes during their preclinical years and often express difficulty in differentiating the underlying mechanisms. The preclinical lessons regardi...
Don’t forget about me! Viral-host metabolic interactions in the microbiome

Viruses present in the human microbiome produce peptides homologous to human insulin/insulin-like growth factors that may influence host metabolic pathways.
Improved pre-filtering stages for GCC-based direction of arrival estimation using smartphone

Sound source localization (SSL) is one of the important areas in signal processing especially for hearing aid applications. Having at least two microphones and powerful processing capability makes smartphone as a good sound source locator for people who have hearing impairment. In our previous work, we showed that traditional Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) method with spatial post-filtering stage would increase the performance of instantaneous estimation of direction of arrival (DOA). In this paper, we combine a spectral pre-filtering stage with our previous work to improve the noise robustness of the earlier method. By combining pre-filtering stage with GCC and post-filtering stage, we obtain robust DOA estimation under various realistic noise types. We experiment with several pre-filtering stages and study their impact on reducing root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for DOA estimation. The real-time implementation of some of the proposed algorithms on smartphone is also pres...
Pore-scale dissolution of CO2 + SO2 in deep saline aquifers

Abstract We employ Modified Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MMPS) method to study the multi-ion transport of CO2 and SO2 in natural porous media at the pore level. A new approach has been developed to account for the electrostatic forces. Compared to solving the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, this new approach eliminates the restrictions on the size of time step and hence allows for faster simulations. We carry out a series of simulations to study the dissolution of different charged and neutral species resulting from the injection of pure CO2 and CO2 + SO2 in two sandstones, namely Berea and Bentheimer. The pressure, temperature and salinity conditions resemble those encountered in deep saline aquifers and non-ideality of the solution is taken into account by using the Davies activity model. We investigate the impact of pore-space topology on the dispersion of different ions in both cases of pure CO2 injection and CO2 + SO2 co-injection. Impact of the electrostatic forces on distribution of different ions in the samples is thoroughly studied.
In defense of one form of traditional epistemology

L'A. defend l'approche traditionnelle de l'epistemologie developpee par A. Goldman dans le cadre de sa theorie de la justification epistemique, contre les attaques formulees par S. Stich et H. Kornblith. Ainsi, la finalite et la methode de l'ouvrage intitule «Epistemology and cognition» (1986) reste valide
F$#%Ing Ball

No conversation about being a first year teacher would be complete without including classroom management. It is what new teachers ask for help with most. It is the main reason that New York City teachers leave teaching altogether. I have always been comfortable and friendly around kids of all ages. I know the subject matter and the most contemporary classroom strategies, both in physics and in general. I have a well developed model of how students learn. I speak comfortably about topics of interest to teenagers, with a reasonably thick New York accent to boot. Therefore, despite the dire warnings, I started at UHS confident that I would be able to handle classroom management. I was wrong.
Effects of Water Flow Restriction and Environmental Factors on Performance of Nursery-Age Pigs

A series of three feeding trials was conducted to determine if nipple waterer flow rate affects the performance of nursery-age pigs and if there are any interaction effects with environmental factors. In the first trial, 42 barrows, 10 wk of age, were fed during a period of 4 wk at 5 or 35 C and given water ad libitum with flow rates of 100, 600 and 1,100 ml/min and a control treatment of 20 C and 600 ml/min. There was a linear increase in body weight gain from .278 kg/d at 100 ml/min to .466 kg/d at 1,100 ml/min when pigs were fed at 35 C. There was a linear decrease in weight gain from .855 kg/d at 100 ml/min to .730 kg/d at 1,100 ml/min when pigs were fed at 5 C. The weight gain of control treatment pigs (.775 kg/d) equalled that of the pigs fed at 5 C and 600 ml/min flow rate (.744 kg/d). In the second trial, 120 crossbred barrows and gilts were weaned at 4.5 wk and fed in a commercial-type nursery held at 30 C for 4 wk, with water provided at rates of 100, 350, 600, 850 and 1,100 ml/min. There was no measurable effect of water flow rate on body weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Water use increased as flow rate increased, and time spent drinking at 100 ml/min increased nearly fourfold above the average time spent drinking by the other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of New Catalytic Materials: Metal Carbides of the Group VI B Elements

In a study of the surface reactivity of tungsten carbide powders, the role of surface carbon and oxygen has been pointed out. The presence of graphitic carbon on the surface as revealed by Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance, suppresses hydrogen chemisorption. By contrast, the latter can be enhanced by hydrogen spillover occurring to the oxide surface region from the surface carbide. To avoid free carbon contamination, molybdenum oxycarbide samples, with a deficiency in carbon content compared to the theoretical value for MoOC or Mo 2 C, have been synthesized from molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO) 6 , by condensation of vapors in a low pressure gas. The resulting high specific area powders exhibit a higher activity in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO-H 2 mixtures than molybdenum metal. Moreover a further carburization of the initial oxycarbide powder increases its catalytic activity which becomes closely comparable to that reported by different authors for ruthenium catalysts.
AVMA guidelines on compounding.

Relative to a compounded product, the following are responsibilities of the veterinarian. I. They must be able to prepare the product and have knowledge of all ingredients. II. They must be responsible for the safety of the product to the target animal, and that there are no violative residues. III. The product must have efficacy for the intended indications. IV. The veterinarian must establish need for the product to improve the health and/or welfare of the animals. This, therefore, involves: jurisprudence; responsibility to the animals and their owners; and responsibility to society. A common sense approach to this discussion would simply be that if one is not totally comfortable and satisfied medically and pharmacologically with any treatment, including compounded medications, do not use it. This also follows and is based on proper diagnosis, need for treatment, objectives of the treatment, and setting up the regimen. This is as Hippocrates admonished us, "above all, do no harm."
Homotopy and Homology Decompositions

In this chapter we discuss methods of approximating a space by simpler spaces. We assign to a space X a sequence of spaces whose nth term is called the nth section of X. As n gets larger, the nth section of X becomes a better approximation to X. There are two basic techniques for this, one in terms of the homotopy groups of X, called the homotopy decomposition, and the other in terms of the homology groups of X, called the homology decomposition.
Pulmonary embolism prophylaxis in solid tumors: Exploring a paradigm shift.

e18252Background: Studies have found higher risk of development of pulmonary embolism (PE) in those with metastatic disease within the first year of diagnosis, predominantly in pancreatic cancer. T...
Message and Delivery Preferences for Online Tobacco Education among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Use of cigarettes and noncigarette tobacco products (NCTPs) among adolescents and young adults remains high. Strategies to communicate the risks of cigarettes and NCTPs are needed. Online tobacco education is one such strategy; however, there is little guidance for message development. We conducted four focus groups (n = 39) with adolescent and young adult to identify message and delivery preferences for online tobacco education. Participants evaluated three existing tobacco education websites. Transcripts were coded for preferred tobacco education message content, delivery, and willingness to use online tobacco education. Participants preferred novel, concise facts, embedded links to credible sources, and an anti-industry tone for website messages. Participants expressed an aversion to message strategies that relied on scare tactics or attempted to simulate youth media trends (e.g., overuse of hashtags). To increase exposure, participants recommended using social media to drive engagement. Results serve ...
Tracking the Position of the Heart From Body Surface Potential Maps and Electrograms

The accurate generation of forward models is an important element in general research in electrocardiography, and in particular for the techniques for ElectroCardioGraphic Imaging (ECGI). Recent research efforts have been devoted to the reliable and fast generation of forward models. However, these model can suffer from several sources of inaccuracy, which in turn can lead to considerable error in both the forward simulation of body surface potentials and even more so for ECGI solutions. In particular, the accurate localization of the heart within the torso is sensitive to movements due to respiration and changes in position of the subject, a problem that cannot be resolved with better imaging and segmentation alone. Here, we propose an algorithm to localize the position of the heart using electrocardiographic recordings on both the heart and torso surface over a sequence of cardiac cycles. We leverage the dependency of electrocardiographic forward models on the underlying geometry to parameterize the forward model with respect to the position (translation) and orientation of the heart, and then estimate these parameters from heart and body surface potentials in a numerical inverse problem. We show that this approach is capable of localizing the position of the heart in synthetic experiments and that it reduces the modelling error in the forward models and resulting inverse solutions in canine experiments. Our results show a consistent decrease in error of both simulated body surface potentials and inverse reconstructed heart surface potentials after re-localizing the heart based on our estimated geometric correction. These results suggest that this method is capable of improving electrocardiographic models used in research settings and suggest the basis for the extension of the model presented here to its application in a purely inverse setting, where the heart potentials are unknown.
Changing demographics of scientific careers: The rise of the temporary workforce

Contemporary science has been characterized by an exponential growth in publications and a rise of team science. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of awarded PhD degrees, which has not been accompanied by a similar expansion in the number of academic positions. In such a competitive environment, an important measure of academic success is the ability to maintain a long active career in science. In this paper, we study workforce trends in three scientific disciplines over half a century. We find dramatic shortening of careers of scientists across all three disciplines. The time over which half of the cohort has left the field has shortened from 35 y in the 1960s to only 5 y in the 2010s. In addition, we find a rapid rise (from 25 to 60% since the 1960s) of a group of scientists who spend their entire career only as supporting authors without having led a publication. Altogether, the fraction of entering researchers who achieve full careers has diminished, while the class of temporary scientists has escalated. We provide an interpretation of our empirical results in terms of a survival model from which we infer potential factors of success in scientific career survivability. Cohort attrition can be successfully modeled by a relatively simple hazard probability function. Although we find statistically significant trends between survivability and an author's early productivity, neither productivity nor the citation impact of early work or the level of initial collaboration can serve as a reliable predictor of ultimate survivability.
Towards an Automated Extraction of ABAC Constraints from Natural Language Policies

Due to the recent trend towards attribute-based access control (ABAC), several studies have proposed constraints specification languages for ABAC. These formal languages enable security architects to express constraints in a precise mathematical notation. However, since manually formulating constraints involves analyzing multiple natural language policy documents in order to infer constraints-relevant information, constraints specification becomes a repetitive, time-consuming and error-prone task. To bridge the gap between the natural language expression of constraints and formal representations, we propose an automated framework to infer elements forming ABAC constraints from natural language policies. Our proposed approach is built upon recent advancements in natural language processing, specifically, sequence labeling. The experiments, using Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM), achieved an F1 score of 0.91 in detecting at least 75% of each constraint expression. The results suggest that the proposed approach holds promise for enabling this automation.
Novel CT Acquisition

With major advances in x-ray source and detector technology during past decades, CT exams can be performed with much improved volume coverage speed, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and radiation dose efficiency. Many innovative CT acquisition techniques have been developed, aiming to enable novel clinical applications, improve diagnostic performance, and reduce radiation dose. This chapter will provide an overview on various advanced data acquisition techniques, including axial scan with large area detector, dynamic or perfusion scan with shuttle mode, helical fast pitch scan on dual-source scanners, helical scan with variable pitch, organ-based tube current modulation, automatic selection of optimal tube potential, ECG-gated cardiac scan, dual-energy and multi-energy scan, and dynamic bowtie filter.
An integrated evaluation of the National Water Model (NWM)–Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) flood mapping methodology

Abstract. Flood maps are needed for emergency response, research, and planning. The Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) technique is a low-complexity, terrain-based approach for inundation mapping using elevation data, discharge–height relationships, and streamflow inputs. The recent operational capacities of the NOAA National Water Model (NWM) and preprocessed HAND products from the University of Texas offer an operational framework for real-time and forecast flood guidance across the US. In this study, we evaluate the integrated National Water Model –Height Above Nearest Drainage (NWM–HAND) flood mapping approach using 28 remotely sensed inundation maps and 54 reach-level catchments. The results show the NWM–HAND method tends to underpredict inundated cells in 4th-order and lower-order reaches but does better with a slight tendency to overpredict in high-order reaches. An evaluation of the roughness coefficient used in the production of synthetic rating curves suggests it is the most important parameter for correcting these errors. Persistent inaccuracies do occur when NWM streamflow predictions are substantially biased ( >60 % mean absolute error between NWM and observed streamflow) and in regions of low relief. Overall, the NWM–HAND method does not accurately capture inundated cells but is quite capable of highlighting regions likely to be at risk in 4th-order streams and higher. While NWM–HAND should be used with caution when identifying flood boundaries or making decisions of whether a cell is dry or wet, its applicability as a high-level guidance tool along larger rivers is noteworthy.
Correction to: Mobile phone data reveals the importance of pre-disaster inter-city social ties for recovery after Hurricane Maria

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported to remove the name from the acknowledgements in the original article.
Parental Presence Impacts a Neural Correlate of Anxiety (the Late Positive Potential) in 5–7 Year Old Children: Interactions with Parental Sensitivity to Child Anxiety

Anxiety disorders tend to onset early in development and often result in chronic impairment across the lifespan. Thus, there is substantial interest in identifying early neural markers of anxiety and leveraging these markers to better understand processes leading to anxiety. The late positive potential (i.e., LPP) indexes sustained attention to motivationally relevant stimuli; and the LPP to negative images is increased in individuals with anxiety. In the current study, we examined how parental presence impacts the LPP to threatening images in children (52.6% male) between 5 and 7 years-old (N = 78). Moreover, we explored interactions with parental sensitivity to child anxiety symptoms. Results suggest that when children are in the presence of their parent (compared to the presence of an experimenter), they displayed a larger LPP to threatening images. LPP activity was modulated by parental response to their child’s anxiety symptoms, such that children with parents who were overly reactive to their children’s anxiety symptoms had the greatest LPP response when viewing threatening stimuli in their parent’s presence. Additionally, exploratory analyses indicated that children with clinical and subclinical anxiety were characterized by an increased LPP to negative images, but only when the LPP was measured with parents in the room. Findings are novel and extend previous work by suggesting that parents who react strongly when observing their children’s anxiety symptoms in turn increase their child’s engagement with threatening stimuli, thereby placing them at greater risk for anxiety.
On the significance of model design in atomistic calculations of the Peierls stress in Nb

Abstract The Peierls stress required for a single dislocation to glide in a perfect crystal is considered one of the most important properties controlling plastic deformation of metals. Values for the Peierls stress computed by atomistic models often differ even for the same dislocation and when using the same material interatomic potential, limiting their value in understanding material behavior. Here, using molecular static simulations, we study the effects of model configuration, model size, and loading mode on the Peierls stress of an edge dislocation on the {112} glide plane in body-centered cubic Nb in the twinning and anti-twinning senses of slip. The analysis includes six model configurations, a model size range spanning over an order of magnitude, and three loading modes, all repeated for two interatomic potentials for Nb. Results show that, in most cases studied, smaller model sizes artificially lead to lower Peierls stresses. The study also reveals a substantial effect of model configuration on whether the Peierls stress converges with size, the minimum size required for convergence, and the magnitude of the Peierls stress. Only one model configuration, the periodic array of dislocation (PAD) model, achieves a strictly converged value for the two interatomic potentials considered here. In addition, PAD model predicts the lowest Peierls stress values among all model configurations, provided that the model size is sufficiently large. We show that with the same interatomic potential, while one model configuration predicts a higher anti-twinning Peierls stress than twinning Peierls stress, another one may predict the opposite asymmetry. Unlike the stress-controlled loading mode, the shear-controlled and displacement-controlled loading modes provide similar results using both potentials. The findings here will be useful for selecting the appropriate model settings in research studies involving Peierls stress calculations via atomistic simulations.
Perceptions of Sexual Trauma Severity in Men and Women

The relationship between sexual trauma (e.g., attempted and completed rape) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been thoroughly examined and supported. A variety of extenuating factors and...