cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of a quantum teleportation protocol based on collective spontaneous emission

Recently a conditional quantum teleportation protocol has been proposed by Chen et al. [New J. Phys.7, 172 (2005)], which is based on the collective spontaneous emission of a photon from a pair of quantum dots. We formulate a similar protocol for collective emission from a pair of atoms, one of which is entangled with a single mode of an optical cavity. We focus on the performance of the protocol as characterized by the fidelity of the teleported state and the overall success probability. We consider a strategy employing spatially resolved photodetection of the emitted photon in order to distinguish superradiant from subradiant emission on the basis of a single detected photon. We find that fidelity approaches unity as the spacing of the atoms becomes much smaller than the emission wavelength with a success probability of 0.25. The fidelity remains above the classical limit of 2/3 for arbitrary atomic separations with the ultimate limit of performance coming from the spatial resolution of the detectors.
Resolution of hemotympanum.

In the Mongolian gerbil's middle ear, response to the presence of blood clot is characterized by mucosal hypertrophy and a vigorous organizational response within a two-week period. Another three to four weeks are necessary for complete assimilation of remaining inflammatory products by active phagocytosis and absorption through a multi-layered mucosa.
Circadian influence on the wave form of the frequency of labeled mitoses in mouse corneal epithelium.

The FLM was studied in mouse corneal epithelium at two different phases of the mouse circadian system. The following results were obtained: (1) a circadian rhythm was found in the corneal mitotic index of both experimental groups, with the peak near 09.00 hours, the trough near 21.00 hours and a 10-fold difference in values between the peak and the trough; (2) when 3H-TdR was injected at 09.00 hours, the first wave of labelled mitoses rose earlier, attained a broader peak and fell later when compared to the first wave of labeled mitoses obtained when 3H-TdR was injected at 21.00 hours; and (3) in both experimental groups there was a suggestion of a second wave of labeled mitoses, especially in the group injected with 3H-TdR at 21.00 hours, where a flat second wave appeared in the region of 60–90 hr. Transit times derived from FLM curves obtained from such synchronous populations of cells are of questionable validity. Circadian rhythmicity and other causes of synchronization must be ruled out before accepting a single FLM curve as a valid indication of transit times.
Multiple component Fischer indole reactions

New 3-component variations of the Fischer synthesis of substituted indoles have been developed based on the reaction of organometallic reagents with nitriles or carboxylic acids. The new variations expand the scope and synthetic utility of the method.
Synthesis and characterization of new monomeric dialkylindium amides

A series of organoindium amido compounds have been prepared for use as dopants in the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) of II–VI semiconductor materials. Thus, reaction of tBu2InCl or iPr2InCl with the appropriate lithium or sodium dialkylamide afforded compounds of the type R2InNR′2 (where R  tBu, iPr, and R′  Me, iPr, SiMe3). Similarly, reaction of the N-lithiated derivative of NCMe2(CH2)3CMe2 gave iPr2InNCMe2(CH2)3CMe2. All of the compounds are monomeric liquids, except for the compound where R  tBu, R′  Me, which is a dimeric solid. The compounds have been characterized by 1H and 13 C NMR, IR, molecular weight determination, and elemental analysis. In addition, properties relevant to the OMVPE process such as volatility and photosensitivity are presented and evaluated.
The statistical analysis of circadian phase and amplitude in constant-routine core-temperature data

Accurate estimation of the phases and amplitude of the endogenous circadian pacemaker from constant-routine core-temperature series is crucial for making inferences about the properties of the human biological clock from data collected under this protocol. This paper presents a set of statistical methods based on a harmonic-regression-plus-correlated-noise model for estimating the phases and the amplitude of the endogenous circadian pacemaker from constant-routine core-temperature data. The methods include a Bayesian Monte Carlo procedure for computing the uncertainty in these circadian functions. We illustrate the techniques with a detailed study of a single subject's core-temperature series and describe their relationship to other statistical methods for circadian data analysis. In our laboratory, these methods have been successfully used to analyze more than 300 constant routines and provide a highly reliable means of extracting phase and amplitude information from core-temperature data.
STATISTICAL STRENGTH OF TWISTED FIBER BUNDLES WITH LOAD SHARING CONTROLLED BY FRICTIONAL LENGTH SCALES

We develop Monte Carlo simulation and theory to study the statistical strength characteristics of twisted fiber bundles. These consist of fibers that follow a Weibull distribution for strength with shape parameter , and are arranged in an ideal helical structure with surface helix angle s. Fiber interactions are considered in terms of frictional forces that control stress recovery along broken fibers away from the breaks. A twist-modified global load sharing (TM-GLS) rule is developed for stress redistribution from fibers that are slipping and thus only partially loaded near the breaks. Expressions for the radial pressure distribution in the yarn and corresponding lengths of frictional zones in broken fibers in the various layers are derived considering the discrete nature of the fibers in the bundle. Three different characteristic length scales of strength development for a twisted bundle are proposed, which depend on friction coefficient, f , and surface twist angle, s. These are min c , avg c , or max c , arising from the consideration of the minimum, average, or maximum stress recovery length among the fibers in the bundle along its axis. We show that the normalized strengths of a twisted bundle with length equal to any one of these characteristic lengths approximately follow a Gaussian distribution. Compared to a TM-ELS (twist-modified equal load sharing) bundle, the TM-GLS bundle has improved strength because through friction a broken fiber can recover its stress within the bundle length. We also show that the relationship between the normalized bundle strength and s depends on the characteristic length scale used: for min the normalized strength drops quickly with s; for avg it decreases as well, but at a slower rate; and for max the normalized strength first attains a maximum at an optimal value of s before ultimately decreasing with s. Finally, we compare the simulation results for optimal twist angle with experimental data in the literature and get excellent agreement.
Gender Role and Political Office: Effects of Perceived Masculinity/Femininity of Candidate and Political Office

Women are less represented in prestigious national political offices than they are in state and local offices. How this underrepresentation may be related to perceived characteristics of office and candidate are explored in the two studies described here. In Study 1, the “masculinity/femininity” of local, state, and national offices was analyzed; all levels of office were rated as more “masculine” than “feminine.” In Study 2, the sex as well as the gender role of a hypothetical presidential candidate was varied. “Masculine” and male candidates were evaluated as being more competent on presidential tasks such as dealing with terrorism; “feminine” and female candidates were rated higher on tasks such as solving problems in our educational system. Men, regardless of gender role, were perceived as being more likely to win a presidential election, and “masculine” tasks were evaluated as being more important than “feminine” presidential tasks. Implications for future female politicians are discussed.
Identifying and quantifying short-lived fission products from thermal fission of HEU using portable HPGe detectors

Due to the emerging potential for trafficking of special nuclear material, research programs are investigating current capabilities of commercially available portable gamma ray detection systems. Presented in this paper are the results of three different portable high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors used to identify short-lived fission products generated from thermal neutron interrogation of small samples of highly enriched uranium. Samples were irradiated at the Washington State University Nuclear Radiation Center’s 1 MW TRIGA reactor. The three portable, HPGe detectors used were the ORTEC MicroDetective [1], the ORTEC Detective [2], and the Canberra Falcon [3]. Canberra’s GENIE-2000 software was used to analyze the spectral data collected from each detector. Ultimately, these three portable detectors were able to identify a large range of fission products showing potential for material discrimination.
Tectonics of Colorado Front Range: ABSTRACT

The Colorado Front Range is the largest structural and topographic element in the eastern Rocky Mountains. Its axis parallels the northerly trend of the mountain front through central Colorado. Two additional trends are recognized in the Colorado Rockies. A northwesterly zone of uplifts extends from the Apishapa arch to the Uinta Mountains. A similar, but more vaguely expressed, northeasterly zone localizes a belt of Laramide igneous intrusives. These regional trends constitute the tectonic framework within which the Front Range evolved. Fragmentary data on the structure of the basement complex suggest a probable relation between Precambrian and later structures. Paleozoic and Mesozoic crustal movements and sedimentation accentuated and modified Precambrian structural trends. In general the sedimentary cover was relatively thin, but locally thicknesses exceed 15,000 feet. Certain positive elements may have persisted from ancestral Rocky Mountain time into the Cretaceous. Associated with the northeast-trending belt of Laramide intrusives in the central part of the Front Range are northeast- and northwest-trending steep faults that appear to form a conjugate system of shears. Recurrent movements along these faults were complex and displacements noted along the margins of the range are in places opposite to those observed in the crystalline core. Along the northeast flank of the range, the northwesterly faults cut the sedimentary rocks and produce en echelon folds. Except along the northeast flank, the Front Range is bounded by reverse faults and thrusts that dip toward the mountains. The range was wedged upward along these faults, and adjacent sedimentary basins were depressed during Laramide time. Thrusting was most prominent adjacent to and within those areas which had received the greatest thicknesses of pre-Laramide sediments. End_of_Article - Last_Page 786------------
PHOTOHEMOLYSIS OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES LABELED IN BAND 3 WITH EOSIN-ISOTHIOCYANATE

Eosin-isothiocyanate (EYNCS) is 50 to 100 times more effective in sensitizing delayed photo-hemolysis of human erythrocytes than is eosin when matched for absorbance in the reaction medium. These dyes are equally efficient in generating singlet oxygen, a potent membrane oxidant. When cells are treated with sensitizer and washed extensively prior to illumination, EYNCS phototoxicity persists, while that of eosin is lost. SDS-gel electrophoresis of membranes from EYNCS-exposed cells shows a large fluorescence signal coincident with band 3 protein that is abolished by pretreatment with H2DIDS, the inhibitor of anion exchange by band 3. This treatment reduces the photohemolytic potency of EYNCS by over 90%. The marked enhancement of photohemolytic activity upon binding sensitizer to band 3 implicates band 3 itself as a site of photodamage leading to lysis.
Throwing like a girl: A phenomenology of feminine body comportment motility and spatiality

The girl of five does not make any use of lateral space. She does not stretch her arm sideward; she does not twist her trunk; she does not move her legs, which remain side by side. All she does in preparation for throwing is to lift her right arm forward to the horizontal and to bend the forearm backward in a pronate position_The ball is released without force, speed, or accurate aim_A boy of the same age, when preparing to throw, stretches his right arm sideward and backward; supinates the forearm; twists, turns and bends his trunk; and moves his right foot backward. From this stance, he can support his throwing almost with the full strength of his total motorium_The ball leaves the hand with considerable acceleration; it moves toward its goal in a long flat curve [p. 157-158].2
Ultrafast diffractive optical micro-trap arrays for neutral atom quantum computing

We design and fabricate arrays of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to realize neutral atom micro-traps for quantum computing. We initialize a single atom at each site of an array of optical tweezer traps for a customized spatial configuration. Each optical trapping volume is tailored to ensure only one or zero trapped atoms. Specifically designed DOEs can define an arbitrary optical trap array for initialization and improve collection efficiency in readout by introducing high-numerical aperture, low-profile optical elements into the vacuum environment. We will discuss design and fabrication details of ultra-fast collection DOEs integrated monolithically and coaxially with tailored DOEs that establish an optical array of micro-traps through far-field propagation. DOEs, as mode converters, modify the lateral field at the front focal plane of an optical assembly and transform it to the desired field pattern at the back focal plane of the optical assembly. We manipulate the light employing coherent or incoherent addition with judicious placement of phase and amplitude at the lens plane. This is realized through a series of patterning, etching, and depositing material on the lens substrate. The trap diameter, when this far-field propagation approach is employed, goes as 2.44λF/#, where the F/# is the focal length divided by the diameter of the lens aperture. The 8-level collection lens elements in this presentation are, to our knowledge, the fastest diffractive elements realized; ranging from F/1 down to F/0.025.
WW domain folding complexity revealed by infrared spectroscopy

Although the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of proteins offers a convenient probe of protein folding, interpretation of the fluorescence spectrum is often difficult because it is sensitive to both global and local changes. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers a complementary measure of structural changes involved in protein folding, because it probes changes in the secondary structure of the protein backbone. Here we demonstrate the advantages of using multiple probes, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, to study the folding of the FBP28 WW domain. Laser-induced temperature jumps coupled with fluorescence or infrared spectroscopy have been used to probe changes in the peptide backbone on the submillisecond time scale. The relaxation dynamics of the β-sheets and β-turn were measured independently by probing the corresponding IR bands assigned in the amide I region. Using these wavelength-dependent measurements, we observe three kinetics phases, with the fastest process corresponding to the relaxation kinetics of the turns. In contrast, fluorescence measurements of the wild-type WW domain and tryptophan mutants exhibit single-exponential kinetics with a lifetime that corresponds to the slowest phase observed by infrared spectroscopy. Mutant sequences provide evidence of an intermediate dry molten globule state. The slowest step in the folding of this WW domain is the tight packing of the side chains in the transition from the dry molten globule intermediate to the native structure. This study demonstrates that using multiple complementary probes enhances the interpretation of protein folding dynamics.
State budgeting: current conditions and future trends

This article examines current state fiscal conditions, the impact of political and administrative institutions on state budgeting, and budget reform in the states in order to identify trends and expectations for the 1990s. Existing research is used as a basis for identifying trends and likely developments.
Adaptive Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Schemes Using a Kalrnan Filter

Abstract Two adaptive exponentially weighted moving average control schemes are proposed. The weighting coefficient is updated using a Kalman filter algorithm. The two test statistics incorporate an integral error term. Simulated average run lengths indicate the proposed schemes are sensitive to small process shifts, but do tend to ring false alarms when there is no process change. For medium and large process changes and trends their performance is comparable to that, of Lucas's combined Shewhart-CUSUM control scheme. Some application of the proposed schemes to correlated data indicate robust performance. Conclusions are drawn that the Kalman filter used to model a process together with a detection mechanism applied to the residuals closely resembles the work done in control theory. Handled by the Editor-in-Chief.
Religion and conscientious objection: A survey of pharmacists’ willingness to dispense medications

Some US states allow pharmacists to refuse to dispense medications to which they have moral objections, and federal rules for all health care providers are in development. This study examines whether demographics such as age, religion, gender influence 668 Nevada pharmacists' willingness to dispense or transfer five potentially controversial medications to patients 18 years and older: emergency contraception, medical abortifacients, erectile dysfunction medications, oral contraceptives, and infertility medications. Almost 6% of pharmacists indicated that they would refuse to dispense and refuse to transfer at least one of these medications. Religious affiliation significantly predicted pharmacists' willingness to dispense emergency contraception and medical abortifacients, while age significantly predicted pharmacists' willingness to distribute infertility medications. Evangelical Protestants, Catholics and other-religious pharmacists were significantly more likely to refuse to dispense at least one medication in comparison to non-religious pharmacists in multinomial logistic regression analyses. Awareness of the influence of religion in the provision of pharmacy services should inform health care policies that appropriately balance the rights of patients, physicians, and pharmacists alike. The results from Nevada pharmacists may suggest similar tendencies among other health care workers, who may be given latitude to consider morality and value systems when making clinical decisions about care.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria following Exposure to Levofloxacin, Trovafloxacin, and Sparfloxacin in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

This investigation explored pharmacodynamic characteristics of fluoroquinolones against Bacteroides thetaiotamicron and the potential for development of resistance. An in vitro model was used to generate kill curves with three fluoroquinolones at various area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratios. Concentration-independent killing was observed. Increases in MICs were noted following exposure to fluoroquinolones at AUC/MIC ratios of 6 to 14.
Probabilistic Security Evaluation of Bulk Power System Considering Cascading Outages

This paper proposed an overall framework of probabilistic security evaluation considering cascading outages for bulk power system based on enumeration approach, which takes into account several uncertainty factors in power system. The quantitative probabilistic security indices obtained by this approach can reflect power system stability and security clearly. A case study of the IEEE-RTS test system is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The proposed method adopts the enumeration approach is a valuable and powerful tool for power system planning, and it makes research results of reliability evaluation become more practical in the competitive market environment. The results presented are helpful to electric power utilities in the decision making process at the planning stage.
Use of Capi With the U.S. National Health Interview Survey

Utilisation d'Interviews Personnelles Assistees par Ordinateur (IPAO) dans l'enquete nationale americaine sur la sante. La "National Health Interview Survey" (NHIS) est une enquete suivie representative de la population civile des Etats-Unis qui implique des interviews annuelles avec 48.000 foyers (120.000 personnes). Les instruments de collecte de donnees comprennent un questionnaire central sur la sante et la demographie et des annexes designees pour traiter des questions d'actualite sur la sante. Depuis plusieurs annees, un travail de developpement et de recherche a ete mene avec un systeme d'interview personnelle assistee par ordinateur (IPAO) qui, partir de 1988, a ete utilise dans la NHIS pour collecter des donnees sur les attitudes et connaissances concernant le SIDA (syndrome d'immuno-deficience acquise). Actuellement, on compte faire la NHIS entierement par IPAO en 1992. Une presentation des developpements et des recherches dans ce domaine est faite et des utilisations concretes de IPAO sont decr...
β-adrenergic receptors are involved in stress-related behavioral changes

Cerebral noradrenergic systems have been implicated in stress-related changes in behavior. Previous studies with receptor antagonists suggested that alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were involved in defensive withdrawal in rats and in investigatory behavior in mice tested in the multicompartment chamber. However, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists attenuated the restraint- and ICV CRF-induced changes in defensive withdrawal, suggesting that beta-adrenergic receptors may also be involved in stress-related responses. To determine whether the beta-adrenergic antagonist effect was limited to rats tested in the defensive withdrawal model, we studied the effects of L-propranolol in two other behavioral models. Propranolol pretreatment (2.5 mg/kg, IP) prevented the restraint-induced changes in the behavior of mice observed in the multicompartment chamber and the elevated plus-maze. It also decreased the plasma corticosterone response measured in restrained mice after plus-maze testing. To investigate further the role of central beta-adrenergic receptors in defensive withdrawal, the effects of the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol were tested. Isoproterenol (0.3-10 micrograms, ICV) produced a dose-dependent increase in defensive withdrawal, statistically significant after 3 and 10 micrograms. Propranolol prevented the isoproterenol-induced defensive withdrawal, suggesting that the effect of isoproterenol resulted from stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. These results support earlier data suggesting the involvement of CNS beta-adrenergic receptors in stress-related behavioral changes and suggest that beta-adrenergic agonists exert anxiolytic effects that differ from those of the benzodiazepines.
Lateral displacements of a vibrating cantilever beam with a concentrated mass

Abstract The displacement equation for a uniform cross-section, cantilever-type beam carrying a concentrated mass at one end is solved under the most general conditions of an arbitrary distributed lateral load and arbitrary boundary and initial conditions. The method employs complex variable residue theory t0 determine the inversion integral for the Laplacetransformed solution of the boundary value problem. An example problem is solved and the displacement is shown graphically at several points along the beam for two values of the concentrated mass.
Relationship between measured water vapor growth and chemistry of atmospheric aerosol for Grand Canyon, Arizona, in winter 1990

Size-resolved aerosol growth measurements (growth ≡ moist particle diameter/dry particle diameter) and chemical composition monitoring were conducted during a 3 month period in the winter of 1990 at the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ as part of the Navajo Generating Station Visibility Study. Particle growth data are from a Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA). Typically for relative humidities above 75%, the TDMA-measured moist particle distribution is distinctly bimodal, indicating two aerosol fractions based on growth and providing direct evidence of an external mixture of soluble and insoluble constituents. In this study both particle fractions grew in size, thus the terms “more hygroscopic” and “less hygroscopic” were used to distinguish them. Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI) collected size-segregated 24 h duration samples for subsequent analysis by XRF, ion chromatography, and by thermo-optical analysis (i.e. for carbon). A model that synthesizes growth and compositional information was developed to partition the overall volume fraction of the soluble material as determined from the MOUDI composition data, e, to the two growth fractions obtained from the TDMA data (i.e. e is partitioned between em and e1). The model calculates em and e1 for each TDMA measurement as well as growth capacity of the soluble material at the measurement relative humidity, Gs, which is assumed to be the same for both growth fractions. Model results indicate that on average, the more hygroscopic particles are composed of equal volumes of soluble and insoluble materials, while the less hygroscopic fraction is dominated by insoluble material (about 85%).
Mechanical properties of iron processed by severe plastic deformation

In the present study, the mechanical properties of Fe processed via severe plastic deformation (equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)) at room temperature were investigated for the first time. The grain size of annealed Fe, with an initial grain size of about 200 µm, was reduced drastically during ECAP. After eight passes, the grain size reaches 200 to 400 nm, as documented by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The value of microhardness during pressing increases 3 times over that of the starting material after the first pass and increases slightly during subsequent pressing for higher-purity Fe. Examination of the value of microhardness after eight passes as a function of post-ECAP annealing temperature shows a transition from recovery to recrystallization, an observation that resembles the behavior reported for heavily deformed metals and alloys. The tensile and compression behaviors were examined. In tension, a drop in the engineering stress-engineering strain curve beyond maximum load was observed both in the annealed Fe and the ECAP Fe. This drop is related to the neck deformation. The fracture surface, examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shows vein patterns, which is different from the dimples found on the fracture surface of annealed Fe. In compression, an initial strain-hardening region followed by a no-strain-hardening region was observed in the ECAP Fe. The yield strength in tension of the ECAP Fe was observed to be higher than that in compression. The strengthening mechanisms and softening behavior are discussed.
Aminoacyl synthetase and transfer ribonucleic acid patterns in normal and neoplastic tissues

Abstract Aminoacyl synthetase and transfer RNA fractions were obtained from normal rat liver and from Novikoff ascites tumor cells. The tRNA's were precharged with H 3 or C 14 -labeled amino acids and the labeled aminoacyl tRNA's were resolved by reversed phase column chromatography. Elution profiles of the aminoacyl tRNA's of liver and tumor were similar for arginine, the most extensively studied amino acid. Comparisons of the aminoacyl tRNA patterns revealed that the tumor and liver were almost identical with respect to each of the following amino acids: threonine, histidine, methionine, glutamic acid, and tyrosine. Minor deviations in the aminoacyl tRNA patterns of the two cell types were seen in the valine series and with serine. When liver phenylalanyl tRNA was chromatographed on the reversed phase columns, three peaks were observed. In contrast, the tumor phenylalanyl tRNA was lacking in the first peak present in the liver pattern and the second phenylalanyl tRNA peak of the tumor was displaced. The significance of these findings is considered in terms of the role of the aminoacyl synthetases and tRNA's in cancer induction and in the function of malignant tumor cells.
Nietzsche, Mithras, and "Complete Heathendom"

This paper examines several passages in which Nietzsche considers burgeoning Christianity's relationship to the secretive "mystery cults" that flourished alongside the official state religions of ancient Rome. The purpose of this paper is four-fold. i) To shed light on an unexplored aspect of Nietzsche's philosophy. ii) To explore the intellectual reality behind some of his specific charges concerning Pauline Christianity's indebtedness to the ancient Mithras cult. iii) To assess the validity of several of Nietzsche's accusations in this area in light of more recent scholarship. iv) To contrast the middle-period Nietzsche's treatment of this theme with several of his end-of-career ruminations. I make the case that while some of his later claims concerning this topic are indeed exaggerated, they nonetheless reveal remarkable insight into a fascinating aspect of late antiquity.
INFRARED CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERMEDIATE STATE SUMS IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

Abstract A method has been developed for incorporating the Bloch-Norsdsieck approximation into intermediate state sum expansions in quantum electrodynamics, so as to explicitly include the contributions of soft photons to these sums. This accomplishes the removal of infrared divergences usually incurred in approximations involving the cutting off of such intermediate state sums, and in addition, within the framework of such approximations, gives strong high energy convergence properties to the theory. The formalism developed is applied to modify Fainberg's work on quantum electrodynamic dispersion relations (1). An asymptotic form for the electron's charge form factor is derived, and is shown to be consistent with second order perturbation theory, and a series expansion for the charge renormalization constant Z 3 is obtained, all of whose terms are finite, except for those which arise from states containing only hard photons and no pairs. In a separate development, a comparison is made of the various methods which have been developed for treating the radiative corrections to scattering cross sections due to soft photons.
Boundary Effects on the Electrophoretic Motion of a Charged Particle in a Spherical Cavity

Abstract Although boundary interactions can be important in many electrophoretic systems, existing theoretical analyses of these phenomena have been limited to systems with very small double-layer thicknesses. We have developed an exact analytical solution for the boundary effects on the electrophoretic velocity of a charged particle in a spherical cavity using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, with the resulting expression being valid for all double-layer thicknesses and all particle/pore sizes. The boundary effect for very thin double layers is fairly weak (with a first-order correction of order λ 3 , where λ is the ratio of the particle to cavity radii) since the velocity disturbance under these conditions varies as r -3 . The boundary effect for large double-layer thicknesses is much more significant, with the first-order correction being of order λ 1 due to the r -1 dependence of the velocity disturbance when the double layer spans the entire cavity. The charge on the boundary alters the electrophoretic particle motion through the development of an induced charge on the particle and through the generation of an electroosmotic recirculation flow in the spherical cavity. The different dependence of these phenomena on the particle size can actually cause the electrophoretic velocity of small and large particles to be in opposite directions. These results provide important physical insights into the role of boundary effects on the electrophoretic motion of a charged spherical particle.
Seasonal Activity of the Winter Grain Mite in Turfgrass in New Jersey

The seasonal activity of Penthaleus major (Duges), has been estimated by using pitfall traps in established turfgass. Activity began in October, peaked in mid winter, and ceased in early May. Numbers collected in carbaryl treated plots were consistently higher than in other insecticide-treated and untreated areas. Observations of feeding habits and host preference studies suggest that P. major may contribute to winter injury problems in heavily infested bluegrass-fescue turf areas. This is a new record for New jersey. The mite has been collected also in home lawns, golf courses, and utility-type turf areas throughout the State.
A Practical Method for Functionalized Peptide or Amide Bond Formation in Aqueous−Ethanol Media with EDC as Activator†

Selective formation of amides or peptides with ethanol as solvent using a convenient one-pot procedure in which acid activating agent N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) is simply added to a mixture of the carboxylic acid, amine, catalytic HOBt (1-hydroxy benzotriazole), and NMM (N-methylmorpholine) as base has been developed. Sensitive functionalities such as hydroxyl groups are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. In addition, isolation of products is usually by simple filtration from the reaction media. The scope and generality of this methodology was investigated.
Paleoclimatic Implications of Crayfish-Mediated Prismatic Structures in Paleosols of the Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Abstract Paleosols at Polecat Bench, northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, show prismatic structures not previously described in the Paleogene Willwood Formation. Prisms are densely spaced 15–50 mm diameter cylinders with vertical to slightly sinuous paths up to 400 mm long, subangular to rounded vertical faces, and slightly concave to convex tops. Prism exteriors are coated commonly by < 1-mm-thick clay films; exteriors also commonly show knobby and striated surficial morphologies. Prismatic structures are nearly exclusive to thin-bedded (< 1 m thick) compound paleosols composed of red to red-purple sandy mudrock overlying gray to green-gray heterolithic units composed chiefly of fine-grained sandstone. In addition to prismatic structures, these paleosols are characterized by large gray mottles, slickensides, and calcareous rhizocretions which crosscut or more typically follow prism exteriors. The architectural and surficial morphology of the soil prisms suggest strongly that these are pedogenically modified freshwater crayfish burrows of the ichnospecies Camborygma litonomos. At Polecat Bench, an ~ 40 m interval of the Willwood Formation records a transient episode of global warming known as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM interval is characterized by a series of predominantly red, cumulative paleosol profiles and increased soil carbonates. Prismatic soil structures and crayfish burrows are rare or absent in cumulic paleosols typical of the PETM, whereas they are locally abundant in red compound paleosols outside the PETM interval. The changes in paleosol morphology and a sharp decrease in crayfish burrows within the PETM interval suggest significantly improved soil-drainage conditions and lower water tables on the Willwood floodplain during the global warming event.
Where Does Handwriting Fit In?: Strategies to Support Academic Achievement

In today's environment of high-stakes testing, handwriting is a skill that is often overlooked in order to focus on other areas of the curriculum. However, research indicates that handwriting is tied to academic achievement, especially composition and literacy skills. This article provides strategies that can be used to support students with disabilities in the areas of handwriting, motor skill development, and practice during functional tasks.
Effect of food restriction on tissue uptake and urinary excretion of Co60-labeled cyanocobalamin by various animals.

Recent studies have shown that rab bits subjected to total starvation accumu late greater amounts of native vitamin Bu in kidney tissue than normal well-fed ani mals, and during starvation urinary excre tion of the vitamin also increases signifi cantly (Rosenthal and Cravitz, '58). The accumulation of the vitamin in the kidney during starvation occurs with naturally oc curring vitamin BÂ» or following an injec tion of cobalt-labeled cyanocobalamin (Rosenthal, '59). Since the accumulation of vitamin Biz following starvation is not altered from normal in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, and brain, a specific rela tionship between kidney tissue, starvation and vitamin En metabolism appears to exist. That the kidneys may play an im portant role in the metabolism of vitamin BÂ« other than an excretory function, has been suggested previously (Miller et al., '56).
A parallel algorithm for minimization of finite automata

We present a parallel algorithm for the minimization of deterministic finite state automata (DFAs) and discuss its implementation on a connection machine CM-5 using data parallel and message passing models. We show that its time complexity on a p processor EREW PRAM (p/spl les/n) for inputs of size n is O([n log/sup 2/ n/p]+log n log p) uniformly on almost all instances. The work done by our algorithm is thus within a factor of O(log n) of the best known sequential algorithm. The space used by our algorithm is linear in the input size. The actual resource requirements of our implementations are consistent with these estimates. Although parallel algorithms have been proposed for this problem in the past, they are not practical. We discuss the implementation details and the experimental results.
Validation of an in vivo Aerosol Probe Technique by Measurements of Deposition and Morphometry in Excised Human Lungs

Structural changes of the small airways (< 2 mm diameter) and the pulmonary airspaces occur early in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). We have previously shown that the rate of deposition of a monodisperse aerosol during breath holding can be used to determine a mean effective airspace dimension (MEAD) for lung airways. While in vivo MEADs were consistent with morphometric models of the human lung, direct confirmation of the method with morphometric measurements in the same lungs was lacking. Experiments in excised human lungs were initiated to validate the method and to determine the influence of various lung dimensional indices on the parameters obtained from the aerosol probe measurements. Strong correlations were found between aerosol and morphometric indices in a group of 23 lungs, providing increased confidence for applications of aerosol probes in epidemiological and clinical evaluations.
Operation and climate impact on electrical demand for institutional buildings

Two representative buildings were selected to qualitatively and quantitatively study the impact of lighting and of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operation on total electrical demand. Recordings were made at five minute intervals for total building electrical consumption and for selected lighting circuits. The data were collected during the times when electrical demand was highest. Using multiple linear regression, the impact on total electrical demand from operational and climatic variables was determined. The results from these analyses are presented. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted to show the difference between the average and peak demand levels and their implications for energy reduction strategies. >
Sustained Inattentional Blindness: The Role of Location in the Detection of Unexpected Dynamic Events

Attempts to understand visual attention have produced models based on location, in which attention selects particular regions of space, and models based on other visual attributes (e.g., in which attention selects discrete objects or specific features). Previous studies of inattentional blindness have contributed to our understanding of attention by suggesting that the detection of an unexpected object depends on the distance of that object from the spatial focus of attention. When the distance of a briefly flashed object from both fixation and the focus of attention is systematically varied, detection appears to have a location-based component. However, the likelihood that people will detect an unexpected event in sustained and dynamic displays may depend on more than just spatial location. We investigated the influence of spatial location on inattentional blindness under precisely controlled, sustained and dynamic conditions. We found that although location-based models cannot fully account for the detection of unexpected objects, spatial location does play a role even when displays are visible for an extended period.
Child-therapist alliance and clinical outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy for child anxiety disorders.

Background: Few studies have examined the link between child–therapist alliance and outcome in manual-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children diagnosed with anxiety disorders. This study sought to clarify the nature and strength of this relation. Methods: The Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy – Alliance scale (TPOCS-A; McLeod, 2005) was used to assess the quality of the child–therapist alliance. Coders independently rated 123 CBT therapy sessions conducted with 34 children (aged 6–13 years) diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Parents reported on children’s symptomatology at pre- mid-, and post-treatment. Results: A stronger child– therapist alliance early in treatment predicted greater improvement in parent-reported outcomes at mid-treatment but not post-treatment. However, improvement in the child–therapist alliance over the course of treatment predicted better post-treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The quality of the child– therapist alliance assessed early in treatment may be differentially associated with symptom reduction at mid- and post-treatment. Results underscore the importance of assessing the relation between alliance and outcome over the course of therapy to clarify the role the child–therapist alliance plays in child psychotherapy. Keywords: Alliance, CBT, child anxiety disorders, therapy process.
Pulmonary Hematoma Associated with Thrombocytopenia

A 70-year-old man with severe thrombocytopenia was found to have a “coin lesion” in the left lung four days after splenectomy for localized reticulum cell sarcoma. Bronchoscopy, sputum cytology, and chest roentgenograms over the subsequent six weeks were noncontributory. Since the appearance of the lesion remained unchanged, exploratory thoracotomy was performed. An organizing pulmonary hematoma was found and removed by segmental resection of the lung. In the absence of a history of trauma to the chest, bleeding from the pulmonary vessels incident to the thrombocytopenia associated with the splenic tumor was considered responsible for the hematoma.
Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch

Fisheries bycatch is a primary driver of population declines in several species of marine megafauna (e.g., elasmobranchs, mammals, seabirds, turtles). Characterizing the global bycatch seascape using data on bycatch rates across fisheries is essential for highlighting conservation priorities. We compiled a comprehensive database of reported data on marine turtle bycatch in gillnet, longline, and trawl fisheries worldwide from 1990 to 2008. The total reported global marine turtle bycatch was ∼85,000 turtles, but due to the small percentage of fishing effort observed and reported (typically <1% of total fleets), and to a global lack of bycatch information from small-scale fisheries, this likely underestimates the true total by at least two orders of magnitude. Our synthesis also highlights an apparently universal pattern across fishing gears and regions where high bycatch rates were associated with low observed effort, which emphasizes the need for strategic bycatch data collection and reporting. This study provides the first global perspective of fisheries bycatch for marine turtles and highlights region–gear combinations that warrant urgent conservation action (e.g., gillnets, longlines, and trawls in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Pacific Ocean) and region–gear combinations in need of enhanced observation and reporting efforts (e.g., eastern Indian Ocean gillnets, West African trawls).
Variation at APOE and STH loci and Alzheimer's disease

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) and tau proteins play important roles in the pathological development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many studies have shown an association between the APOE gene and AD. Association between AD and the newly discovered saitohin (STH) gene, nested within the intron of the tau gene, has been reported. The present study aimed to elucidate the association between APOE and AD, and between STH and AD in our sample. Methods: The functional polymorphisms, rs429358 and rs7412, in the APOE gene (which together define the e2, e3, and e4 alleles), and the Q7R SNP in the STH gene, were genotyped in 369 patients with AD and 289 healthy European-Americans. The associations between these two genes and AD were analyzed in a case-control design. Results: Consistent with previously reported results, the frequencies of the APOE e4 allele, e4/e4 genotype and e3/e4 genotype were significantly higher in AD cases than controls; the e4/e4 genotype frequency was significantly higher in early-onset AD (EOAD) than late-onset AD (LOAD); the frequencies of the e2 allele, e3 allele, e3/e3 genotype and e2/e3 genotype were significantly lower in AD cases than controls. Positive likelihood ratios (LRs + ) of APOE alleles and genotypes increased in a linear trend with the number of e4 alleles and decreased in a linear trend with the number of e2 or e3 alleles. There was no significant difference in the STH allele and genotype frequency distributions between AD cases and controls. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the e4 allele is a dose-response risk factor for AD and the e4/e4 genotype was associated with a significantly earlier age of onset. Moreover, we found that the e2 allele was a dose-response protective factor for AD and the e3 allele exerted a weaker doseresponse protective effect for risk of AD compared with e2. In a clinical setting, APOE genotyping could offer additional biological evidence of whether a subject may develop AD, but it is not robust enough to serve as an independent screening or predictive test in the diagnosis of AD. STH variation was not significantly associated with AD in our sample.
The Next Wave of Globalization: Relocating Service Provision to India

Summary Services offshoring to India has grown dramatically in the last 10 years. It is linked to the earlier expansion of Indian software services exports, but has its own dynamic and workforce. Although domestic firms were early entrants, MNCs are central actors. Already, some work done in India resembles that done in developed countries. To explain the dynamism and complexity of offshoring, a taxonomy of market participants is presented. Offshoring by small entrepreneurial US firms is highlighted as an emerging phenomenon. The conclusion argues that market entry by other developing countries is possible.