cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Complete Roman Legions. By Nigel Pollard and Joanne Berry. (New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 2012. Pp. 240. $39.95.)

Every year brings the release of new books on the Roman military that are designed for general readers of diverse backgrounds. The Complete Roman Legions is one such book, and it is well illustrate...
Patterns of cell death in mouse anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons after unilateral cochlea removal

Developmental changes that influence the results of removal of afferent input on the survival of neurons of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of mice were examined with the hope of providing a suitable model for understanding the cellular and molecular basis for these developmental changes in susceptibility. We performed unilateral cochlear ablation on wild-type mice at a variety of ages around the time of hearing onset to determine developmental changes in the sensitivity of AVCN neurons to afferent deprivation. In postnatal day 5 (P5) mice, cochlea removal resulted in 61% neuronal loss in the AVCN. By age P14, fewer than 1% of AVCN neurons were lost after this manipulation. This reveals a rather abrupt change in the sensitivity to disruption of afferent input, a critical period. We next investigated the temporal events associated with neuron loss after cochlea removal in susceptible animals. We demonstrate that significant cell loss occurs within 48 hours of cochlea removal in P7 animals. Furthermore, evidence of apoptosis was observed within 12 hours of cochlea removal, suggesting that the molecular events leading to cell loss after afferent deprivation begin to occur within hours of cochlea removal. Finally, we began to examine the role of the bcl-2 gene family in regulating afferent deprivation-induced cell death in the mouse AVCN. AVCN neurons in mature bcl-2 knockout mice demonstrate susceptibility to removal of afferent input comparable to neonatal sensitivity of wild-type controls. These data suggest that bcl-2 is one effector of cell survival as these cells switch from afferent-dependent to -independent survival mechanisms.
The role of topography in promoting fractal patchiness in a carbonate shelf landscape

Satellite remote sensing has shown numerous aspects of coral reef seascapes to be fractal. That is, they display characteristics of scale-invariance and complexity. To date, an understanding of why reefscapes adopt this curious scaling has been lacking. This property was investigated using high-resolution terrain models built using bathymetric LiDAR soundings of the shallow Puerto Rico insular shelf. A computer-simulation model constructed using simple random processes was adequate to describe many of the intricacies of actual coral reef terrain. This model, based on fractional Brownian motion (fBm), produced surfaces that were visually and statistically indistinguishable from natural seabeds, at spatial scales of 0.001–25 km2. The conformity between model and nature allowed us to ascertain the importance of topography as a driver for the fractal patchiness that has been shown to occur in plan-view maps of reefscapes (e.g. Purkis et al. J Sediment Res 75:861–876, 2005, J Geol 115:493–508, 2007). For the considered Puerto Rican shelf, the necessary Brownian-like seabed topography likely arose through karst erosion overprinted by several episodes of reef development.
Evidence for a plasma core during multibubble sonoluminescence in sulfuric acid.

Multibubble sonoluminescence arises from the cavitation of bubbles owing to high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation of liquids. The spectrum of multibubble sonoluminescence in concentrated sulfuric acid sparged with Ar, at relatively low acoustic power, consists of a broad continuum extending into the UV with SO and Ar emission lines on top of this continuum. The observation of the Ar lines indicates that an optically opaque plasma is probably generated inside the bubble during cavitation. There are three distinct light-emitting morphologies for multibubble sonoluminescence from an ultrasonic horn; as the acoustic intensity is increased, the emission changes from filamentous, to bulbous, to cone shaped, and it is only from the filamentous emission that strong atomic and molecular emissions are observed.
Investigation of Environmental Noise in Small Electrical Conductors

Large excess resistance noise has been observed in small conductors surrounded by air. The conductor resistance was found to have a well-defined average power spectral density over the observed frequency range from 10-4 to 200 Hz and the dependence of the noise was measured as a function of bias current, temperature, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), spatial correlation, and state of the surrounding air. In this paper, three different mechanisms were identified that produce the noise. The room-temperature fluctuations were measured and found to have a spectral density nearly proportional to f-2 over the observed six-order-of-magnitude frequency range. The lowest frequency noise around 10-4 Hz could be predicted from the measured temperature fluctuations using the TCR. Above 10-3 Hz and below 1 Hz, enclosing the wire in a box greatly reduces the noise, and placing the wire in a vacuum eliminates the predominant noise. This noise was directly related to the temperature of the conductor, somewhat proportional to the TCR, independent of bias current, and has a correlation length smaller than the specimen size. The highest frequency noise does not depend on the conductor temperature, TCR, or the presence of air. It had a very strong dependence on bias current and had a long spatial correlation. The mechanism that generates this noise is not understood
High resolution spectroscopy using fiber laser frequency combs

The output of a femtosecond fiber laser can be both spectrally broadened and stabilized, thereby providing a broadband coherent source in the near infrared. In the frequency domain, the result is a frequency comb with frequency stabilities at the millihertz level (relative to the reference), while in the time domain, the result is an optical pulse train with sub-femtosecond relative timing jitter. This coherent source can be used for high-resolution measurements in a range of areas including frequency metrology, ranging, vibrometry, and spectroscopy. We will discuss the performance of these sources, focusing on recent work applying them to high-resolution spectroscopy. This contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, is not subject to copyright.
Pseudorandom noise for real-time volumetric rendering of fire in a production system

This paper presents an effort at developing a robust, interactive framework for rendering 3D fire in real-time in a production environment. Many techniques of rendering fire in non real-time exist and are constantly employed by the movie industry and have directly influenced and inspired real-time fire rendering, including this paper. Macrolevel behavior of fire is characterized by wind fields, temperature and moving sources and is currently processed on the CPU while micro-level behavior like turbulence, flickering, separation and shape is created on the graphics hardware. This framework provides a set of tools for level designers to wield artistic and behavioral control over fire as part of the scene. The resulting system is able to scale well, to use as few processor cycles as possible, and to efficiently integrate into an existing production environment. We present performance statistics and assess the feasibility of achieving interactive frame rates within a 3D engine framework. The framerates we obtained vary from 42 to 168 depending on the rendering conditions, and indicate that the real-time procedural fire might not be far away.
Postsynaptic Elevation of Calcium Induces Persistent Depression of Developing Neuromuscular Synapses

Abstract Synaptic activity is known to modulate neuronal connectivity in the nervous system. At developing Xenopus neuromuscular synapses in culture, repetitive postsynaptic application of ACh near the synapse leads to immediate and persistent synaptic depression, which was shown to be caused by reduction of presyaptic evoked transmitter release. However, little depression was found when ACh was applied to the muscle 20 μm or further from the synapse. Fluorescence imaging of cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) showed that each ACh pulse induced a transient elevation of myocyte [Ca 2+ ] i that spread approximately 20 μm. Local photoactivated release of Ca 2+ from the caged Ca 2+ chelators nitr-5 or nitrophen in the postsynaptic cell was sufficient to induce persistent synaptic depression. These results support a model in which localized Ca 2+ influx into the postsynaptic myocyte initiates transsynaptic retrograde modulation of presynaptic secretion mechanisms.
A Framework for Identifying Compromised Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor networks are often subject to physical attacks. Once a node's cryptographic key is compromised, an attacker may completely impersonate it and introduce arbitrary false information into the network. Basic cryptographic mechanisms are often not effective in this situation. Most techniques to address this problem focus on detecting and tolerating false information introduced by compromised nodes. They cannot pinpoint exactly where the false information is introduced and who is responsible for it.In this article, we propose an application-independent framework for accurately identifying compromised sensor nodes. The framework provides an appropriate abstraction of application-specific detection mechanisms and models the unique properties of sensor networks. Based on the framework, we develop alert reasoning algorithms to identify compromised nodes. The algorithm assumes that compromised nodes may collude at will. We show that our algorithm is optimal in the sense that it identifies the largest number of compromised nodes without introducing false positives. We evaluate the effectiveness of the designed algorithm through comprehensive experiments.
Analysis of the Type Ia Supernova SN1994D

On Mar. 7, 1994, Treffers, Filippenko and Van Dyk (1994) discovered the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 1994D in the SO galaxy NGC 4526, a member of the Virgo cluster which was was about 12 days before maximum light. Subsequently, both the light curve in Johnson’s UBVRI colors and spectra a have been monitored by several groups (e.g. Filippenko et al. private communication, Smith et al., 1995) making this supernovae one of the best observed until now. In addition, starting at Mar 12, IR-spectra are reported to be taken at the Royal Greenwich Observatory showing a P-Cygni line at about 1.0 µm which, likely, is due to He I (Meikle 1995).
Tobramycin Sulfate: A Summary of Worldwide Experience from Clinical Trials

Tobramycin sulfate, a new bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been evaluated in 3,506 patients. Its in vitro activity is similar to that of other aminoglycoside antibiotics, except that it is more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clincal studies have shown that tobramycin sulfate is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of the infections listed below when they are caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms and by staphylococci: infections of the respiratory tract (including cystic fibrosis), central nervous system, skin, soft tissue, and bone (including burns); urinary tract and intraabdominal infections; and septicemia. The overall response was satisfactory in greater than 86% of the patients. Drug-related adverse effects were reported in 3.9% of the patients, and included reactions in the nervous system in 0.6% and in the kidney in 1.5%.
Learning with knowledge from multiple experts

The use of domain knowledge in a learner can greatly improve the models it produces. However, high-quality expert knowledge is very difficult to obtain. Traditionally, researchers have assumed that knowledge comes from a single self-consistent source. A little-explored but often more feasible alternative is to use multiple weaker sources. In this paper we take a step in this direction by developing a method for learning the structure of a Bayesian network from multiple experts. Data is then used to refine the structure and estimate parameters. A simple analysis shows that even relatively few noisy experts can produce high-quality knowledge when combined. Experiments with real and simulated experts in a variety of domains show the benefits of this approach.
Neuromatous Knee Pain: Evaluation and Management

Selective denervation for neuromatous pain about the knee joint can be a beneficial procedure. Proper patient selection is a critical component that impacts the success of the operation. The salient components include pain of at least 1-year duration unrelieved by conservative measures, the presence of a Tinels sign in the painful territory, and at least a 5-point reduction in the visual analog score following nerve blockade with 1 % lidocaine. This procedure is not recommended for pain on nonneuromatous origin, pain that is less than 1-year duration, and for diffuse knee pain without a Tinels sign.
A TRPM4-dependent current in murine renal primary cilia.

Defects in primary cilia lead to a variety of human diseases. One of these, polycystic kidney disease, can be caused by defects in a Ca2+-gated ion channel (TRPP2) found on the cilium. Other ciliar...
Decentralizing The French State: Implications For Policy

The Defferre law of March 2, 1982, began a dramatic reform of intergovernmental relations in France which promised to have significant consequences at all levels of government. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of officials' reactions and adaptations to changes in the rules of the intergovernmental game as well as a quantitative analysis of the reform's financial implications for local governments in the 1980s.
Bulk Sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi Embayment, Central United States

We have estimated P-wave andS-wave anelastic attenuation coefficients for the thick, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment, central United States, using the spectral distance decay of explosion P and Rayleigh waves. The sediment-trapped P wave, Psed, is observed to ranges of 80 km at 10 Hz, and 1-Hz Rayleigh waves are observed out to 130 km from a 5000-lb borehole explosion in the northern part of the embayment. Rayleigh waves of 4 Hz are seen to distances of 3 km from a smaller 50-lb explosion. Analysis of the group velocity and amplitude- distance decay of both waves yields an average Qs of 100 and Qp of 200 for embay- ment sediments that are independent of frequency. Scatter in the Q estimates comes from interference of multiple P-wave reverberations and Rayleigh-wave modes. The attenuation model is self-consistent in that it is the same as obtained by the analysis of synthetic seismograms using the inferred Q-values. Inferred Qp and Qs values are more than three times higher than previous estimates and imply that unconsolidated sediments of the embayment do not significantly attenuate small-strain earthquake ground motions. These estimates represent a lower bound to Q of the sediments since significant scattering is observed in the waveform data that contributes to the distance decay of wave amplitude. Higher Q values also imply that the unconsolidated sedi- ments of the embayment will form an efficient wave guide for surface waves radiated from shallow earthquakes or large earthquakes that rupture into the sediments, pro- ducing high-amplitude, long-duration wave trains that should be considered in earth- quake hazard assessments.
A Mixture of Experts Classifier with Learning Based on Both Labelled and Unlabelled Data

We address statistical classifier design given a mixed training set consisting of a small labelled feature set and a (generally larger) set of unlabelled features. This situation arises, e.g., for medical images, where although training features may be plentiful, expensive expertise is required to extract their class labels. We propose a classifier structure and learning algorithm that make effective use of unlabelled data to improve performance. The learning is based on maximization of the total data likelihood, i.e. over both the labelled and unlabelled data subsets. Two distinct EM learning algorithms are proposed, differing in the EM formalism applied for unlabelled data. The classifier, based on a joint probability model for features and labels, is a "mixture of experts" structure that is equivalent to the radial basis function (RBF) classifier, but unlike RBFs, is amenable to likelihood-based training. The scope of application for the new method is greatly extended by the observation that test data, or any new data to classify, is in fact additional, unlabelled data - thus, a combined learning/classification operation - much akin to what is done in image segmentation - can be invoked whenever there is new data to classify. Experiments with data sets from the UC Irvine database demonstrate that the new learning algorithms and structure achieve substantial performance gains over alternative approaches.
Mexican Americans and the American Dream

Samuel Huntington's analysis of the “Hispanic challenge”—his claim that Mexicans are on their way to forming a separate nation within the U.S.—rests on a series of misconceptions that are not his alone. At the heart of his difficulties is a widely shared form of reasoning about racial and ethnic populations that has become increasingly problematic in the contemporary era of mass immigration: it anticipates a single, predominant outcome for group members, such as assimilation or racialized exclusion; instead, it is the diversity within groups of patterns of incorporation into American society that needs recognition today. This is all the more true of Mexican Americans because of the long history across which their immigration stretches and their presence in the Southwest and California before the arrival of European Americans.Richard Alba is Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Public Policy at The University at Albany, SUNY (r.alba@albany.edu). This paper was written while the author was a Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. He is grateful to Jennifer Hochschild for the invitation to write it for this symposium and to his colleagues at the Institute, especially Susan Eckstein and Luis Fraga, for their helpful comments on earlier drafts.
On the interpretation of disjunction: asymmetric, incremental, and eager for inconsistency

Hurford’s Constraint (Hurford, Foundations of Language, 11, 409–411, 1974) states that a disjunction is infelicitous if its disjuncts stand in an entailment relation: #John was born in Paris or in France. Gazdar (Pragmatics, Academic Press, NY, 1979) observed that scalar implicatures can obviate the constraint. For instance, sentences of the form (A or B) or (Both Aand B) are felicitous due to the exclusivity implicature of the first disjunct: A or B implicates ‘not (A and B)’. Chierchia, Fox, and Spector (Handbook of semantics, 2008) use the obviation of Hurford’s Constraint in these cases to argue for a theory of local implicature. I present evidence indicating that the constraint needs to be modified in two ways. First, implicatures can obviate Hurford’s Constraint only in earlier disjuncts, not later ones: #(Both A and B) or (A or B). Second, the constraint rules out not only disjuncts that stand in an entailment relation, but also disjuncts that are even mutually consistent: #John is from Russia or Asia. I propose to make sense of these facts by providing an incremental evaluation procedure which checks that each new disjunct to the right is inconsistent with the information to its left, before the disjunct can be strengthened by local implicature.
Redesign of the LAMPF Transition Region

We describe the redesign of the transition region (TR) that functions as a transport section for the H+ and H- beams between the LAMPF 201.25-MHz drift-tube (DT) and 805-MHz side-coupled (SC) linacs providing a 7.98 cm longer flight path for one beam so that both beams have the correct phase for capture in the SC linac. In the new TR both beams from the DT linac are independently matched to the acceptance of the SC linac. The relative phase adjustment between the two beams has been simplified and is now accomplished with just one control. A straight-through section has been added to facilitate beam studies under less complicated conditions. The aperture has been increased to reduce beam losses. Diagnostic equipment allows measurement of the transverse output emittance of the DT linac. We discuss both the criteria placed upon the beam in the TR and the predicted performance in matching a variety of beam shapes from the DT linac to a variety of SC accelerator acceptance shapes.
Pteridine Biosynthesis in the Butterfly Colias eurytheme

Quantitative data are presented on the distribution of pteridines, primarily xanthopterin, leucopterin, erythropterin, and sepiapterin, in adults and developing pupae of the butterfly Colias eurytheme. The pteridine biosynthetic pathway in the developing wings of Colias has been studied by the use of radioactive precursors injected into whole pupae and incubated in Ringer's solution with excised, developing wings. By comparison of isotope incorporation, by pupae and isolated wings, from uniformly labeled adenosine- and guanosine-14C and guanosine-8-14C, it was concluded that Colias forms the pteridine ring from guanosine (or a phosphorylated derivative) with loss of the guanosine carbon atom 8. Pteridine interconversions were examined by studying the kinetics of isotope incorporation by the pteridines from uniformly labeled guanosine-14C immediately after its injection into whole pupae, and by studying the incorporation patterns obtained upon incubation of isolated wings with xanthopterin-14C, leucopterin-14C, and erythropterin-14C. The pteridine pathway is bipartite, one branch leading to position 6 side chain-bearing pteridines, the other leading to pteridines not alkylated at position 6. Within the latter branch, xanthopterin serves as precursor of leucopterin and erythropterin. The origins of position 6 side chain of sepiapterin and position 7 side chain of erythropterin were studied by incubation of isolated wings with radioactive pyruvate, malate, lactate, serine, threonine, and β-hydroxybutyrate. The results showed no incorporation into the sepiapterin side chain from any of these, but strong incorporation into the erythropterin side chain from pyruvate, malate, and lactate. In addition, sepiapterin made by Colias from uniformly labeled guanosine-14C was oxidized to 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine-6-carboxylic acid, and the specific radioactivities of the parent compound and oxidation product were compared. The observed loss of specific activity agrees quantitatively with that expected if the sepiapterin side chain arises by modification of substitution on the initial pteridine position 6 side chain derived from guanosine ribose. The predictions of the alternative hypothesis of cleavage and replacement of the initial side chain are not compatible with the values observed. The present findings are discussed in relation to other recent work on pteridine biosynthesis.
Semiparametric Models for Accelerated Destructive Degradation Test Data Analysis

ABSTRACTAccelerated destructive degradation tests (ADDT) are widely used in industry to evaluate materials’ long-term properties. Even though there has been tremendous statistical research in nonparametric methods, the current industrial practice is still to use application-specific parametric models to describe ADDT data. The challenge of using a nonparametric approach comes from the need to retain the physical meaning of degradation mechanisms and also perform extrapolation for predictions at the use condition. Motivated by this challenge, we propose a semiparametric model to describe ADDT data. We use monotonic B-splines to model the degradation path, which not only provides flexible models with few assumptions, but also retains the physical meaning of degradation mechanisms (e.g., the degradation path is monotonic). Parametric models, such as the Arrhenius model, are used for modeling the relationship between the degradation and the accelerating variable, allowing for extrapolation to the use conditio...
The End of Clientelism? Strong and Weak Networks in a Mexican Squatter Movement

This research demonstrates how individual and group behavior is shaped by the opportunities and constraints created by strong and weak social network ties. The political behavior of two factions in Solidaridad, a squatter settlement outside Oaxaca, Mexico, diverged dramatically after the victory of the PAN in local elections. Some residents, usually newer arrivals who had not participated in the founding of the neighborhood, defected from the PRI and its neighborhood organization to establish an independent organization of their own. Once they did so, they became more active in community affairs, attending regular assemblies, participating in community improvement projects, volunteering to petition local and state governments for services, and voting—usually for a party other than the PRI. Residents who remained loyal to the PRI formed their own clique and isolated themselves from the new organization, refusing to attend assemblies and participate in the weekly community activities, and generally limiting...
Abstract 2703: Overcoming Lapatinib resistance by the fatty acid synthase inhibitor HS-106

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers and most often in the more aggressive inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Lapatinib is one of the most potent small molecule inhibitors of HER2. Although Lapatinib has shown to be an effective targeted therapy, development of drug resistance stands as a major problem. Here we show that the anti-cancer activity of the novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor HS-106 can re-sensitize resistant cell lines to Lapatinib. Lapatinib resistant SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of HS-106 either alone or in combination with Lapatinib and their effects on cell proliferation were assessed using the DNA dye Hoechst 33342. The ability of HS-106 and Lapatinib drug combination to induce apoptosis were measured in Caspase 3/7 activity assay using the fluorogenic Caspase substrate (DEVD)2 R110. Their effect on apoptosis was further confirmed in Lapatinib resistant BT474 cells using flow cytometry based Annexin V assay. In addition, the effect of HS-106 on the expression levels and phosphorylation of the kinases involved in Her2 pathway including Her2, AKT and ERK were determined. The fatty acid synthase inhibitor HS-106 significantly inhibits the proliferation of Lapatinib resistant cell lines with concentrations. Interestingly, when combined with Lapatinib, the drugs synergize to dramatically affect cell growth. This anti-proliferative activity of HS-106 was found to be the result of induction of apoptosis, Caspase 3/7 activity was found to increase in a dose dependent manner following HS-106 treatment. Low concentrations of Lapatinib and HS-106, which does not induce Caspase activity when administrated separately, were found to significantly induce Caspase activity when combined together. These results were confirmed with the Annexin V assay. By examining the expression levels of HER2 pathway proteins we found a decrease in HER2 levels which was reflected on the levels of the downstream kinases AKT and ERK when treating with high concentrations of HS-106. In a previous work, HS-106 showed a good tolerability and anti-cancer activity in the MMTV neu+ mouse model. By showing potent efficacy against Lapatinib resistant breast cancer cell lines, our data suggest that HS-106 is an excellent drug candidate to advance into translational studies for the treatment of Lapatinib resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: Yazan Alwarawrah, Philip Hughes, Rachid Safi, Donald P. McDonnell, Neil L. Spector, Timothy A. Haystead. Overcoming Lapatinib resistance by the fatty acid synthase inhibitor HS-106. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2703
Model-building With Image Segmentation And Fast Image Updates

An accurate salt interpretation is an essential component of velocity model-building in areas dominated by complicated salt geology. The Pairwise Region Comparison (PRC) image segmentation algorithm can automatically pick salt bodies on seismic images, and be used as part of an iterative sediment-flood and salt-flood model-building workflow. In areas where the salt interpretation is highly uncertain, however, human expertise is needed to judge the relative accuracy of two or more possible models. Here, a fast image updating scheme based on shot-profile migration is used to investigate how different salt interpretations provided by the PRC algorithm affect the final image. With further efficiency improvements, this process could allow for an interactive interpretation, model-building, and imaging workflow that substantially reduces cycle time for large-scale iterative imaging projects.
Immunization to homologous milk in the rabbit.

SummaryInjection of both male and female rabbits with homologous milk or casein in adjuvant resulted in formation of homologous anti-milk antibody demonstrated by hemagglutinin and precipitin technics. Injection of female rabbits with autologous milk did not result in formation of antibody to autologous milk. “Auto-allergic” breast lesions did not occur during lactation in females injected with either homologous or autologous milk.
Abstract PL02-03: Cancer risk stratification through biophotonic detection of field carcinogenesis

One of the major hurdles for population screening for cancer is the low prevalence of disease (generally significantly less than 10%) in the target population. Devising an accurate, minimally-intrusive risk-stratification technique is therefore of paramount importance for efficacious population screening. Our group has developed a suite of light-scattering technologies that allow quantification of subtle micro/nanoscale architecture consequences of the well-established genetic/epigenetic alterations of field carcinogenesis. These occur in the microscopically normal mucosa as the particle sizes (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria, macromolecular complexes) are below the diffraction limit of light (∼0.5 microns). We have used these techniques to interrogate easily accessible surrogate sites for cancer risk assessment. For instance, using a fiberoptic probe inserted into the rectum can sense the risk of advanced adenomas with ∼90% accuracy. Furthermore, buccal swabs have been shown to discriminate between smokers with and without lung cancer with excellent performance. This paradigm may exist for a number of cancer types (esophageal, ovarian, pancreas, etc.) thereby providing a broad platform for population prescreening. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL02-03.
Examining the Link Between Stress Events and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents More Ordinary Magic

Scholarship regarding adolescent resilience has typically defined resilience as the absence of negative outcomes rather than the existence of positive outcomes. This study drew on the challenge mod...
Early Socialization of Parents Through Organized Youth Sport

The present study addressed parent sport socialization over the initial period of a first child’s sport involvement and how parents make sense of how youth sport shapes family relationships and parenting practices. Parent experiences over the initial 15 months of a child’s organized sport participation were examined in 4 families. Three modes of data collection were used: (a) semistructured interviews with parents, children, and coaches; (b) parent journals; and (c) direct observation of parents. Informed by a social constructivist epistemology, themes were coded inductively and categorized deductively within Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) process‐person‐context‐time model of human development. Findings showed youth sport to provide new opportunities for family interaction and to shape family communication. As a result of these changes, parents became behaviorally and emotionally engaged in youth sport, began to use sport as a vehicle to teach their children life lessons, and assimilated what was expected of parents into their behaviors in the organized youth sport setting. Through repeated social interactions, parents embraced their new and emerging roles and became reflective about their own development as parents in the context of organized youth sport.
Multiplexed fluorescence lifetime image with Fourier excitation-emission spectroscopy

We report a Fourier lifetime microscopic method that measures fluorescence lifetime and intensity excitation-emission matrices in 23 microseconds. The technique will allow fast multiplexed imaging study of Forster resonance energy transfer.
[Changes of dietary pattern among adults in Liaoning province, 1989 to 2006].

Objective To study the changes of dietary pattern among adult residents in different areas of Liaoning province from 1989 to 2006. Methods Healthy adults (6213 subjects) at age of 18 -65 years from 480 households in three cities (Shenyang, Yingkou, Wafangdian) and three counties (Qingyuan,Huanren, Chaoyang) were selected with stratified multiple cluster random sampling. The information on nutrient intake of the subjects were collected from datasets of Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1989, 1991,1993,2000, 2004, and 2006. Different food intake, the nutrients intake percentages for recommended nutrition intake (RNI) and appropriate intake (AI), and the percentages of total energy and protein from grain, animal product, bean and its product were calculated to assess the residents' dietary pattern and nutrition status. The changes of dietary pattern among adult residents were analyzed. Results Among the residents,there were a 38. 1% of decreased intake for grain(from 601.9 to 372. 5 g/d) ,20. 5% for potato (from 75.6 to 60. 1 g/d) ,25. 1% for beans(from 38.7 to 29. 0 g/d) ,and a 77. 2% of increased intake for fish and shrimp (from 25.0 to 44. 3 g/d), 36. 9% for livestock and poultry (from 65.6 to 89.8 g/d) ,47.7% for fruit (from 70. 7 to 104.4 g/d), and intake of milk product (from 5.8 to 21.3 g/d),egg(from 17.3 to 35.7 g/d),vegetable(from 296. 1 to 316.3 g/d) were also increased from 1989 to 2006. During the period, the intake percentages of energy and protein from grain decreased from 67.5% (8.7 MJ/12. 8 MJ per day) to 51.5% (5.0 MJ/9. 6 MJ per day) and from 72. 0% (66. 2 g/91.9 g per day) to 59. 7% (45.3 g/75.9 g per day) ,and on the contrary those from animal products increased from 8.9% (1. 1 MJ/12. 8 MJ per day) to 14.8(1.4 MJ/9. 6 MJ per day) and from 15.9%(14. 6 g/91.9 gper day) to 27. 9% (21.2 g/75.9 g per day) ,respectively. In 2006,the intake of vitamin A(508.9 μg/d) was 67.6% of it's RNI,intake of vitamin B2 (0. 9 mg/d) was 64. 6% and the intake of calcium(453.7 mg/d)was 52. 5% of it's AI among the residents. Conclusion The intake of plant food decreased and that of animal food increased from 1989 to 2006 and the dietary intakes of calcium,vitamin A,vitamin B2 need to be increased among adult population of Liaoning province. Key words: Nutrition surveys; Diet; Food; Liaoning
Simultaneous Bilateral Torsion of the Testes in A Man

Abstract A man presented with what appeared to be unilateral testicular torsion. A nuclear medicine scan demonstrated the torsion but failed to reveal a concurrent asymptomatic contralateral torsion. We believe this is the first reported case of simultaneous bilateral testicular torsion in a man.
Cancer Screening in Older Patients

Although cancer is the second leading cause of death among persons 65 years and older, there is a paucity of clinical trial data about the effectiveness and harms of cancer screening in this population. Given the heterogeneous nature of the older population, cancer screening in these patients should not be based on age alone. Studies suggest that a life expectancy of at least 10 years is necessary to derive a survival benefit from screening for breast and colorectal cancers; therefore, screening for these cancers is not recommended in those with a life expectancy of less than 10 years. Prostate cancer screening, if performed at all, should not be performed after 69 years of age. Cervical cancer screening may be stopped after 65 years of age if the patient has an adequate history of negative screening results. An individualized approach to cancer screening decisions involves estimating life expectancy, determining the potential benefits and harms of screenings, and weighing those benefits and harms in relation to the patient's values and preferences.
Dipyridamole thallium imaging

Some patients cannot achieve the necessary level of exercise with 201 Tl treadmill or bicycle exercise testing to properly allow for the accurate evaluation of ischemic coronary artery disease. Examination using intravenous on orally administered dipyridamole are possible. This article is intended to provide the non-user of dipyridamole with the necessary information to include this imaging procedure in his armamentarium of patient testing
Distrust and Conflict in Sickle Cell Disease: Intersecting Narratives of Patients and Physicians

A gap in trust between patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and medical providers is well recognized, largely originating from repetitive requests for opioid analgesics. Although expert clinical care guidelines in sickle cell disease are available, they rarely address measures by which this endemic gap in trust may be narrowed to fulfill the goals of medicine. We hypothesized that an increased familiarity with the patient as an individual through exposure of physicians to first-person narratives of the life-world of SCD may allow reformulation of perceptions and narrow the gap between physicians and patients. In a pilot study, extended first-person narratives of the illness experience elicited from patients with SCD with a history of recurrent hospitalizations (n=10) point to the individualized impact of pain, illness and stigmatizing disruptions in life-building efforts imposed by SCD together with the recurrent conflicts with medical caregivers, particularly after transition from pediatric to adult medicine. Patient-elicited narrative fragments such as "You are constantly fighting with people who are supposed to be making us feel better", "You don9t know me, I am a church boy!" and "Put down your microscopes and talk to us" reveal the yearning by patients for individual integrity to be acknowledged, absorbed and interpreted by physicians. Additional narrative fragments such as "I hate myself. I hate my life", "Why am I broken?", "you don9t want to be the girl with jaundice", "I had to leave work for 2 months because I was hospitalized, it killed me, it killed me", "you never know when it9s going to be the last day, the last moment", exhibit the woundedness and fragility of existence experienced by patients. Narratives elicited separately from physicians caring for SCD (n=5) reveal anxiety, fear and distrust of the reported pain experience and opioid requests, and point toward deeper schisms that disparities may define: "I was very scared when I took care of my first sickle cell patient", "I came in with a bias already", "a similar frequent flier who had the same kind of behavior", "you have to be careful with empathy, people can take advantage of it", "I am not an enabler", "My grandfather told me about these people". Yet when the same physicians were invited to read and reflect on transcripts of the life-world stories of patients, reshaped perceptions of the stigmatized patient are revealed; "without knowing the story, you can9t put it all together", "this would change the way I view treating them", "I will have more patience now" as examples. However, "Why can9t they listen to our story? It could help them to be better patients," suggests that additional studies of the mutual intersections of patient and physician narratives are warranted and that these can offer insights and pathways toward mitigating distrust and conflict between medical care providers and patients with SCD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Circulating exosome microRNA associated with heart failure secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease in a naturally occurring canine model

ABSTRACTMyxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is functionally and histologically identical to mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in humans. Currently, there are no medical treatments that can delay the progression of this valvular disease or associated cardiac remodelling. Therefore, there is a need to understand the molecular pathology associated with MMVD and MVP better, and thus identify potential therapeutic targets. Circulating exosomes contain small RNA, including miRNA, which reflect cell physiology and pathology. This study explored the association between circulating exosomal miRNA (ex-miRNA) content and MMVD, heart failure due to MMVD (MMVD-CHF) and ageing, which is strongly associated with MMVD. Ex-miRNA was isolated from old normal/healthy dogs (n = 6), young normal dogs (n = 7), dogs with MMVD (n = 7) and dogs with MMVD-CHF (n = 7). Separately, total plasma miRNA was isolated from normal dogs (n = 8), dogs with MMVD (n = 8) and dogs with MMVD-CHF (n = 11). Using reverse transcription quantitative p...
Abstract 20688: Potassium-Facilitated Defibrillation in Patients With Prolonged Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Potassium-based cardioplegia is used in the operating theater to induce asystole. This effect is rapidly reversed with wash-out of the potassium resulting in resumption of electrical ...
The Movement of Distal Ends of Sperm Flagella with and Without a Terminal Filament

A thin terminal filament, about 5 µrn in length, was noted by Gray (1955) at the end of the sea urchin sperm flagellum. When examined by electron microscopy, the terminal filament has been found to contain only a subset of the 9+2 complement of microtubules that is characteristic of the sperm axoneme. We describe here new observations on the ultrastructure of the terminal filament, based on a more extensive examination than has been published previously. We have used spermatozoa from the tunicate, Ciona intestinalis and the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. These spermatozoa have long flagella and make very planar bending waves, and we have exploited these features to obtain high-resolution photographs showing the bending behavior of the terminal filament and the bending behavior of the 9+2 region of the flagellum in the presence and absence of the terminal filament.
Discordance rate of PD-L1 expression between primary and metastatic lesions in urothelial carcinoma (UC).

493Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are effective in select patients with advanced UC. High PD-L1 expression enriches for response to ICIs; however, the predictive value of PD-L1 expression is limited, which may be due in part to dynamic expression of PD-L1 in the tumor environment. We sought to characterize PD-L1 expression in primary UC and paired metastatic lesions to gain insight into the potential temporal discordance of tumor PD-L1 expression during the metastatic process. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for PD-L1 using the SP-142 antibody was performed on primary tumors and matched metastatic specimens in 83 patients with advanced UC. IHC staining was scored for the percentage of cells positive ( < 5%, ≥5%) in tumor cell (TC) and immune cell (IC) compartments. Correlation of PD-L1 expression in TCs and ICs was estimated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ). Cohen’s kappa statistics (κ) were utilized to assess the agreement in PD-L1 expressi...
A transparent checkpoint facility on NT

With the increased use of networks of NT workstations for long-running engineering applications, process checkpointing and process migration can avoid wasted computer cycles and improve system utilization. The problem we solve is how to capture and reconstruct process state transparently and efficiently without affecting the correctness of the application. A checkpoint facility enables the intermediate state of a process to be saved to a file. Users can later resume execution of the process from the checkpoint file. This prevents the loss of data generated by long-running processes due to program or system failures, and it also facilitates debugging when the bug appears after the program has executed for a long time. This paper describes the implementation of a checkpoint library that permits users to save temporary state of long-running multi-threaded programs on a Windows/NT system and to resume execution from the checkpointed state at a later time. Our Windows implementation is the first such implementations that we are aware of for this operating system. Our implementation is portable, maintains good performance, and is transparent. The checkpoint facility is currently used in several major internal projects at Intel.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Dumping Syndrome After Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity

Dumping syndrome (DS) refers to a group of gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms that occur after the ingestion of a meal. The large number of patients undergoing bariatric surgery has dramatically increased the prevalence of DS. Uncontrolled severe dumping can result in sitophobia and weight loss, leading to malnutrition. In many patients, effective control of symptoms can be achieved with dietary and lifestyle modifications. If this approach is unsatisfactory, medical therapy is the following step, and in some cases surgery might be considered. Diagnosis and management of dumping syndrome is detailed in this chapter.
Salter-Harris type II stress fracture in a young athlete. A case report.

A Salter-Harris type II stress fracture of the distal femoral epiphysis is reported in a skeletally immature athlete.
When Small Molecules Are Like Real Estate: It's All about Location, Location, Location.

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Park et al. (2018) demonstrate that targeting apoptazole, an Hsp70 inhibitor, to mitochondria induces apoptosis by a distinct mechanism of action different from unmodified apoptazole, which accumulates in the lysosome. These results highlight the power of subcellular localization in small-molecule selectivity.
Investigating the Effects of Linker Extension on H2 Sorption in the rht-Metal–Organic Framework NU-111 by Molecular Simulations

Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed to investigate hydrogen sorption in the rht-metal–organic framework (MOF) NU-111, which is composed of Cu2+ ions coordinated to 1,3,5-tris[(1,3-carboxylate-5-(4-(ethynyl)phenyl))butadiynyl]-benzene linkers. This MOF was shown to have a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 5000 ± 80 m2 g–1 and a hydrogen uptake of 20.8 mg g–1 at 77 K and 1 bar. It has a similar structure to that of PCN-61, which was studied previously by our group [Forrest, K. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 15538−15549]; however, NU-111 has an extra triple bond on each arm in the linker body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of linker extension on the MOF–sorbate interactions using PCN-61 as a basis for comparison. Three hydrogen models of varying complexities were used in the simulations: a single-site model, which only includes van der Waals interactions, a five-site model, which includes van der Waals and permanent electrostatic interact...