cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint analysis of expression levels and histological images identifies genes associated with tissue morphology

Histopathological images are used to characterize complex phenotypes such as tumor stage. Our goal is to associate features of stained tissue images with high-dimensional genomic markers. We use convolutional autoencoders and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) on paired histological images and bulk gene expression to identify subsets of genes whose expression levels in a tissue sample correlate with subsets of morphological features from the corresponding sample image. We apply our approach, ImageCCA, to two TCGA data sets, and find gene sets associated with the structure of the extracellular matrix and cell wall infrastructure, implicating uncharacterized genes in extracellular processes. We find sets of genes associated with specific cell types, including neuronal cells and cells of the immune system. We apply ImageCCA to the GTEx v6 data, and find image features that capture population variation in thyroid and in colon tissues associated with genetic variants (image morphology QTLs, or imQTLs), suggesting that genetic variation regulates population variation in tissue morphological traits. Image features from histological slides can be used as informative endophenotypes in association studies for tissue-localized pathologies. Here, the authors develop ImageCCA, a framework for joint analysis of paired gene expression and histology data derived from automatically extracted image features.
A New Resilience Metric to Compare System of Systems Architecture

By combining independent systems (e.g., financial systems, power infrastructure, transportation networks), systems of systems (SoSs) can provide additional services. The ability to withstand faults, minimize service disruption, and efficiently recover (resilience) is a key performance characteristic. Current resilience metrics, however, require improvement. Each SoSs is approached with different assumptions about fault magnitude and recovery strategy. Thus, engineers currently have difficulty answering the basic question: Between alternative designs A and B, which is more resilient? SoS resilience metrics should reflect that the system interfaces are the most potent leverage point, have a standardized fault and recovery strategy, incorporate SoS dynamics, and apply to both natural and artificial systems of systems. In response, we develop the system of systems resilience metric (SoSRM). SoSRM methodology uses the definition of SoS to identify appropriate fault locations and graph theory to define fault and recovery duration. SoSRM is applied to two case studies to demonstrate application. First, an intertidal oyster reef ecosystem's system dynamics model is presented to demonstrate SoSRM methodology. Next, a military SoS demonstrates the application of SoSRM to a stochastic multi-agent system. Validation simulations show that SoSRM reflects expected fault impact and that methodological choices for fault duration do not drive SoSRM results. This article presents a new design tool capable of comparing the resilience between two SoS architectures.
Integral representation theory

In this chapter, we consider a slightly more general framework on the preceding chapters: we consider lattices as projective modules, and relate this to invertibility and representation theory in an integral sense.
Ambient Air Pollution and Long-Term Trajectories of Episodic Memory Decline among Older Women in the WHIMS-ECHO Cohort

Background: Episodic memory decline varies by age and underlying neuropathology. Whether ambient air pollution contributes to the heterogeneity of episodic memory decline in older populations remai...
Antiservice Within the Medical Service Encounter: Lessons for Radiologists Beyond Service Recovery

Recent modifications in the metrics for reimbursement have reinforced the importance of radiology service-delivery experiences of patients. Evaluating current radiology practices calls for reflection on the various touch points with patients, as well as their overall satisfaction. If problems occur during encounters, service failure, or lack of satisfactory medical experiences can be transformed through service recovery, whereby patients-as-customers are given chances to voice their concerns, and health care providers across the spectrum can work together to resolve problematic issues. This paper takes a systemic view of the patient experience as embedded in the care continuum, recognizing that different beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of members of the health care team can negatively affect or sabotage patient satisfaction. Although radiologists are only one of many roles in the care continuum, recommendations are discussed for how they can integrate service satisfaction as a pervasive communal goal among all health care team members.
Health issues in the Arab American community. Arab Americans in publicly financed substance abuse treatment.

Objective To determine the characteristics of Arab Americans receiving treatment and to compare them with individuals of other ethnic groups. Methods We used admission data (FY2005) for Michigan publicly funded substance abuse treatment (N=69,989). Arab American ethnicity (n=224 or 0.3% of admissions) was defined by codes for race, ethnicities or primary language of Arabic (n=21). Other ethnicities examined were American Indian, Hispanic, African American, and White. Results The number of Arab American admissions was lower than expected for the population (RR=0.25). Admissions were concentrated (81%) in metropolitan Detroit as is the community (82%, RR=.99), unlike other ethnicities. Primary drugs of abuse were alcohol (34.8%), marijuana (17.9%), heroin (17.4%) and crack cocaine (15.6%). Mean duration of use (11.2 yrs) was significantly lower than for other ethnicities. Arab American admissions were predominately male (76.3%), unemployed (62.1%) and with criminal justice involvement (58%), similar to other ethnicities. Discussion Using administrative database has its limits and may misclassify ethnicities. Based upon the available data, it appears that Arab Americans accounted for a small percentage of admissions to publicly funded substance abuse treatment in Michigan. Most of the admissions listed English as the primary language, raising concern that language may be a barrier to entry. Admission profiles were generally similar across ethnicities, except that Arab Americans were entering treatment after shorter duration of use. These data can inform development of treatment programs and outreach efforts.
In situ tumor vaccination with interleukin-12-encapsulated biodegradable microspheres: induction of tumor regression and potent antitumor immunity.

An alternative technology for the local and sustained delivery of cytokines to tumors for cancer immunotherapy was evaluated and shown here to induce tumor regression, suppression of metastasis, and development of systemic antitumor immunity. Treatment of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice with a single intratumoral injection of biodegradable polylactic acid microspheres loaded with recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) promoted complete regression of the primary tumor and prevented the metastatic spread to the lung. Mice that experienced tumor regression after being treated rejected a subsequent challenge with live tumor cells, which indicated the development of systemic antitumor immunity. In situ tumor vaccination, i.e., injection of IL-12 microspheres into existing tumors, was superior to vaccination of mice with mixtures of tumor cells (live or irradiated) and IL-12 microspheres in inducing systemic antitumor immunity. The sustained release of IL-12 from the microspheres was superior to bolus injection of free IL-12, and intratumoral delivery of microspheres was more effective than other routes of administration. These studies establish the utility of biodegradable polymer microspheres as a clinically feasible alternative to systemic cytokine therapy and cytokine gene-modified cell vaccines for the treatment of neoplastic disease.
First passage risk-sensitive criterion for stochastic evolutions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in an infinite dimensional space, the first passage problem with a risk-sensitive performance criterion, and to illustrate the asymptotic behavior of the associated value function, as related to differential games arising in robust control theory. The model of interest is described by a controlled stochastic evolution with small Wiener noise intensity. The Wiener and state processes take values in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. The objective is to control the evolution of the state process, so as to keep it in some compact set G. By using a logarithmic transformation, it is shown that in the limit as the small noise parameter, /spl epsiv//spl rarr/0, the risk-sensitive value function converges to the value of a deterministic differential game. In the limit as the risk parameter, /spl theta//spl rarr/0, the risk-sensitive value function converges to the value function corresponding to the mean escape time problem. In addition, a lower bound on the first escape time is derived which is slightly different from the known bound for finite dimensional systems. The magnitude of the lower bound derived here, increases as /spl theta/ increases, thus robustness is achieved.
New edrioasterine and astrocystitid (Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea) from the Ninemile Shale (Lower Ordovician), central Nevada

The new edrioasterine Pseudedriophus guensburgi n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Lower Ordovician Ninemile Shale of central Nevada based on three complete to partial small specimens, a well-preserved large ambulacrum, and an isolated ambulacral floor plate. The weathered-out holotype of this edrioasterine exposes the bottom surface of the theca that bears an aboral collar, peduncular stalk, and attachment disk, features that are poorly known in this clade. These specimens were found with a single specimen of a new edrioblastoid, Porosublastus inexpectus n. gen. n. sp., only the second edrioblastoid ever found in the Early Ordovician. Some of the ambulacral cover plates are stripped off one of the ambulacal grooves, revealing new information about how the ambulacra are built in this rare group of bud-shaped edrioasteroids.
Electrophysiology of AChE-positive neurons in basal forebrain slices

We have utilized a guinea pig in vitro brain slice preparation of the medial septum (MS) and the vertical and horizontal limbs of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (nDBB) to identify and classify different cell types within cholinergic nuclei. Utilizing a double-labeling technique which pairs intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, we were able to correlate electrophysiological characteristics with a specific cholinergic cell marker. We report that at least two cell groups can be identified electrophysiologically within the MS/nDBB complex, and one population of neurons demonstrates distinct electrophysiological characteristics that are highly correlated with positive AChE-staining.
Risk Stratification after Myocardial Infarction

Purpose: To review the literature on risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era and to propose an algorithm for early and continual risk assessment. Data Sources: ...
FasL, leukocytes and vascular modeling.

The recent paper by Ishida et al.1 examines the role of leukocytes, specifically T lymphocytes, in vascular remodeling and vaso-obliteration in the rat eye. The authors conclude that T lymphocytes bind to the vasculature and model it by using Fas ligand (FasL) to prune the developing vessels. The authors also conclude from their examination of oxygen-induced vaso-obliteration that FasL on T lymphocytes induces apoptosis of hyperoxygenated endothelial cells. For these observations to have biological relevance, they should transcend species specificity. Because similar models of retinal angiogenesis exist in the mouse, one should be able to use the mouse to test predictions arising from these important observations. First, if Fas-FasL interactions are involved in retinal vessel development, Fas-deficient (lpr) and FasL-deficient (gld) mice should show vascular defects. Second, vessels in mice without these proteins should not undergo vaso-obliteration to the same degree as do wild-type animals. Third, rodents without T lymphocytes (Rag-/- or severe combined immunodeficient mice and T-cell-deficient rats) and/or cytotoxic lymphocytes (MHC class I− or CD8-deficient) should show aberrant retinal vessel development. Fourth, if the retinal vessels in these mice do not develop normally, this should severely impair normal development of the retina. Fifth, examination of these strains for vaso-obliteration should reveal that this process is severely impaired compared with wild-type animals.
The Implications of Accounting Research for Accounting–Based Investment Strategies

RAY J. PFEIFFER, JR. is affiliated with the Department of Accounting and Information Systems in the School of Management at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Massachusetts. A wide range of equity investment strategies used by alternative asset managers are based on the analysis of available accounting-based information. In contrast to the classic ‘‘efficient market hypothesis’’ in which today’s security prices fully incorporate available public information, academic research has also explored the importance of accounting information on profitable trading strategies in which the impact of past information is slow to impact prices or in which information is costly to obtain. The purpose of this article is to summarize the findings of recent academic accounting research as they pertain to accounting-based investment strategies. Despite the increasing richness of the information environment in many U.S. and foreign markets, firms’ financial Ž . accounting disclosures broadly defined remain a primary source of firm-specific information for investors and creditors and thus a potential source of investmentrelevant data. For the purposes of this article, relevant accounting research can be broadly . categorized into two streams: 1 investigations of the short-term stock price movements surrounding public releases of ac. counting information and 2 investigations of the longer-term association between accounting information and the information reflected in stock prices. Academic research on short-term stock price movements surrounding public releases of accounting information is concerned with the extent and timeliness of market reactions to the first public release of valuerelevant data in events such as quarterly and annual announcements of earnings per share, announcements of one-time accounting charges, accounting method changes, management earnings forecasts, and similar events. Such studies are sometimes referred to as event studies. In contrast, research on the longer-term association between accounting information and the information reflected in stock prices, so-called association studies, are designed to assess the extent to which accounting reports and market prices reflect the same economywide and firm-specific inforŽ mation over longer time periods e.g., a . fiscal year . To date, the vast majority of capital markets research in accounting is premised on the semistrong form of the efficient markets hypothesis, which predicts that observed stock prices should be consistent with those that would obtain if all market participants possessed the
Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the muscles in childhood dermatomyositis

Documentation of muscle involvement in a child thought to have dermatomyositis may require the performance of invasive procedures such as electromyography and/or muscle biopsy. We describe four patients with dermatomyositis in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the muscle involvement. the involved muscles had increased signal intensity on the T2-weighted images (SE 2500/80) and normal appearance on the T1-weighted images (SE 600/20). The involvement of the muscles was not uniform. There was good correlation between the distribution of muscle involvement by MRI and functional testing. Follow-up MRI scans in patients with favorable outcome demonstrated that the affected muscles had returned to normal signal intensity. Although the MRI findings are not specific, in the proper clinical context they may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of dermatomyositis. MRI may also be used in establishing an appropriate muscle biopsy site. In addition, MRI may be used for monitoring the progress of the disease.
Computing the determinant and the characteristic polynomial of a matrix via solving linear systems of equations

Abstract We combine Cramer's rule, p -adic lifting, and rational interpolation in an unusual way, in order to reduce the problems of computing the determinant, det A , and all other coefficients of the characteristic polynomial, det(λ I - A ), of a matrix A to inverting A and⧸or to solving linear systems of equations. Such a reduction enables us to apply Hensel's effective p -adic lifting to the evaluation of det A and det(λ I - A ); from that practically important point of view, no comparable alternative is known. On the theoretical side, no other ways of reduction of computing det A to solving few linear systems are known.
Raised Floor Computer Data Center: Effect of Rack Inlet Temperatures When Rack Flowrates Are Reduced

This paper focuses on the effect on inlet rack air temperatures when rack flowrates are reduced. Reduced flowrates for the same heat loads results in higher air temperature differences across the rack and thereby higher air temperatures exiting the rack. The effect of the higher rack exhaust temperatures on the inlet rack air temperatures is the focus of this investigation. Only the above floor (raised floor) flow and temperature distributions were analyzed for a range of rack flowrates and with various flowrates exhausting from the perforated tiles. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor with particular focus on the effects on rack inlet temperatures of these high powered racks. Fourty racks of data processing (DP) equipment were arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide × 13.4 m long. Since the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric only one-half of the data center was modeled. The numerical modeling was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (Trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Impact of Wal-Mart on Market Share in a Rural Grocery Market: An Application of the Markov Chain Model

With Americans spending up to 13% of their income on grocery shopping, smart shopping can help a typical family save. Many scholars have studied the effects on market share and profits from changing market share using the Markov model, and also studied the competitive strategies of grocery retailers under these conditions. While the forecast of the steady state is highly useful, examining the transition periods before the steady state is reached is also useful. In these transition periods, a retailer may opt for a new competitive strategy; therefore, the transition periods may provide greater insight into the dynamics of the competitive response. More attention should be paid to the revenues for groceries in transition periods before a steady state is reached—especially in markets dominated by retail giants, such as Wal-Mart. This study attempts to model that phenomenon and to explore appropriate competitive strategies.
Denitrification in an estuarine headwater creek within an agricultural watershed

Nonpoint agricultural surface water runoff has been identified as a significant contributor to watershed nitrogen (N) loading. Denitrification is thought to be a substantial sink for N inputs to estuaries. Denitrification rates and inorganic N concentrations were measured in Culvert Creek, NC for a 3-yr period with an adaptation of the acetylene block technique using saturation kinetic incubations that provided estimated in situ and potential rates. Estimated in situ denitrification and inorganic N concentrations were elevated in portions of Culvert Creek, NC following fertilizer application at adjacent Open Grounds Farm. Statistical correlations indicated that denitrification in Culvert Creek was regulated by inorganic N, paticularly at headwater sites. Regulation was complex at estuarine sites, where dynamic hydrological conditions affected microbial processing of N through coupled nitrification-denitrification. Potential denitrification rates were often an order of magnitude higher than estimated in situ rates. Potential denitrification showed a similar seasonal-spatial pattern to that of nitrification at the most estuarine site, with lower rates at the mid-creek sites where nitrification was inhibited during periods of anoxia. Annual N removal in Culvert Creek was estimated at 1.27% (in situ) or 68.70% (potential rates) of inputs. An estimated 11% of N inputs were removed via the nitrification-denitrification pathway in Culvert Creek assuming that rates were closely coupled. Mean annual (1995-1997) creek denitrification rates of 2.17 kg N ha -1 yr -1 (in situ) and 90.52 kg N ha -1 yr -1 (potential) were within the range of rates measured in various freshwater wetland systems receiving agricultural drainage. In Culvert Creek, denitrification was a significant mediator of estuarine headwater N cycling.
A social validation explanation for mutual enhancement.

Abstract Group members experience mutual enhancement when they evaluate one another’s task capabilities more positively because they are discussing shared as compared to unshared information. Two experiments investigated a social validation explanation for mutual enhancement. In Experiment 1, members of dyads read and discussed either shared or unshared information and collectively recalled this information under conditions where accuracy was important or not. Mutual enhancement occurred when need for accuracy was higher, but not when it was lower. In Experiment 2, members of dyads read validating or non-validating information from an outsider after they collectively recalled shared or unshared information. Members who discussed unshared information and received no validating communication from the outsider gave one another the lowest task capability ratings compared to members who discussed shared information and/or received validating communication from the outsider. All of these results are consistent with a social validation explanation for mutual enhancement.
Evaluation of the possibility of upgrading the advanced photon source to an energy recovery linac

One of the concepts being explored for a next-generation X-ray source is the energy recovery linac (ERL). It is well known that, as a synchrotron radiation source matures, the value of the X-ray beamlines and experimental infrastructure approaches and then exceeds the value of the accelerator complex. Hence, it makes sense to think of eventually upgrading the advanced photon source (APS) to an ERL. We explore through simulation the potential performance that might be obtained by injecting an ERL beam into the APS and circulating one or more turns. Issues covered include lattice choices, coherent synchrotron radiation effects, and bunch lengthening. We also give a comparison of the expected brightness to that of the present APS.
Challenges and Promises in the Fabrication of Bit Patterned Media

Bit patterned media (BPM) is one of the promising technologies for ultra-high density storage in future hard disk drives. However, there are many challenges in fabricating BPM. In particular, applications with area density much greater than 1 Tbit/in 2 require magnetic bits to be at sub-10 nm dimensions. Etching at these scales is difficult to achieve with conventional ion milling techniques. Instead, reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques must be developed to meet the challenge. In this work, research is presented on the development of a methanol based RIE scheme for fabricating BPM at ultra-high area densities. The paper will discuss the ability of methanol RIE to etch magnetic and nonmagnetic films in both the parallel plate and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) RIE configurations, as well as the advantages of both configurations over Ar ion milling, including enhanced selectivity, minimal redeposition, and less etch induced damage or erosion. We demonstrate the ability to etch sub-20 nm features in commercially available CoCrPt based perpendicular recording media and NiFe with selectivity greater than 10:1 relative to mask materials, such as Ta, TaN x , Ti, and SiN x . These results, the promises of such a technique, and the feasibility of sub-10 nm scale etching are discussed in detail.
Abstract 4863: Prostaglandin and associated eicosanoid dose response to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) diet in rat colon.

Introduction: Prostaglandin (PG) E2 has been linked to higher risk of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our previous in vitro data (Wada et al. J Biol Chem 2007;282;22254) demonstrated reduction of cellular eicosanoids by substituting the n-3 fatty acid EPA for the more common n-6 FA arachidonic acid (AA) as substrate for the cyclooxygenases (Cox). We tested the hypothesis that EPA substitution for n-6 FA in vivo will reduce procarcinogenic eicosanoids in rats. Methods: F344 male rats were fed EPA: n-6 FA ratio diets of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 for 5 weeks. Eicosanoids (PGs and lipoxins) in proximal, transverse and distal colonic tissue and urinary PG metabolites were assayed on LC-MS-MS. Fatty acids in serum and tissue were measured by GC-MS. Results: Serum EPA:AA ratio (means(SD)) increased linearly from 0.02(0.004) at baseline (no EPA) to 0.98(0.32) EPA:n-6 ratio of 0.6. Colonic EPA:AA ratios increased from 0.03(0.01) to 0.41(0.15) in distal colon. Representative eicosanoid concentrations (μg/mg protein) in distal colon tissue with associated EPA:n-6 diets in the Table suggest rapid eicosanoid reduction at lower dietary EPA:n-6 ratios and then flattening of the dose response at higher ratios. The distal colon contained the lowest eicosanoid concentrations compared to transverse and proximal colon. Urinary PGE metabolite was reduced from 13.42(1.95) ng/mg creatinine (dietary EPA:n-6 FA=0) to 7.67(0.62) ng/mg creatinine (dietary EPA:n-6 FA=0.6). Conclusion: Diet induced substitution of omega-3 for omega-6 substrates of Cox and lipoxygenases in F-344 rats causes a rapid, non-linear decline in colonic PGE2 and lipoxin products. PGE3 increases linearly with omega-3 FA dose. These data support the hypothesis that reduction in carcinogenesis stress induced by eicosanoids can be modulated by a dietary intervention in vivo. Citation Format: Yan Jiang, Zora Djuric, Jianwei Ren, Kuklev V. Dmitry, Austin Curtis, Gretchen S. Bentz, Ian Waters, Ananda Sen, Lili Zhao, Charis Uhlson, Robert Murphy, William L. Smith, Dean E. Brenner. Prostaglandin and associated eicosanoid dose response to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) diet in rat colon. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4863. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4863
Towards production monitoring of application progress

We present here a vision for better information-based management of high-performance computing resources and the long-running scientific applications that use them.
The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the “Female” Professions

This paper addresses men's underrepresentation in four predominantly female professions: nursing, elementary school teaching, librarianship, and social work. Specifically, it examines the degree to which discrimination disadvantages men in hiring and promotion decisions, the work place culture, and in interactions with clients. In-depth interviews were conducted with 99 men and women in these professions in four major U.S. cities. The interview data suggest that men do not face discrimination in these occupations; however, they do encounter prejudice from individuals outside their professions. In contrast to the experience of women who enter male-dominated professions, men generally encounter structural advantages in these occupations which tend to enhance their careers. Because men face different barriers to integrating nontraditional occupations than women face, the need for different remedies to dismantle segregation in predominantly female jobs is emphasized.
The role of meta-analysis in the evaluation of psychotherapy

Abstract Meta-analysis has been widely adopted as a quantitative approach toward reviewing and evaluating a body of literature. The present article discusses the utility of metaanalysis in the context of the evaluation of psychotherapy. Benefits and limitations of metaanalysis are highlighted to identify essential characteristics of the approach as a methodological tool. The major focus is discussing meta-analysis in relation to alternative design and data evaluation strategies within clinical psychology. The unique contributions of meta-analysis are discussed. Fundamental issues and assumptions about psychotherapy research are identified to point to the need for critical (and qualitative) evaluation of existing meta-analyses.
Obtaining a Principalship

The author contends that women stand a better chance of obtaining responsible positions in admin istration by working quietly within the system than by resorting to legal means. Even a "token" posi tion can provide a valuable opportunity for a woman to demonstrate her true ability.
Transport of hexane vapor in polystyrene at 25°C I. Analysis of integral sorption data

A series of measurements of integral n-hexane vapor sorption at 25°C and moderate activity, in polystyrene microspheres of varying radii, exhibits typical non-Fickian behavior: nonoverlap of curves of fractional uptake versus (square root of time)/radius. The data are examined in light of a sorption isotherm indicating hexane solubility in excess of that predicted by the Flory–Huggins equation, up to the hexane activity at which the glass transition apparently occurs. A transport analysis is developed based on the assumption that below the transition temperature Tg the rate of sorption is limited by the rate of polymer chain relaxations induced by the penetrant, which facilitate hexane entry into, and immobilization in, glassy microvoids.
Elite Ideology and Risk Perception in Nuclear Energy Policy

Changing U.S. attitudes toward new technologies are examined, as are explanations of such changes. We hypothesize that increased concern with the risks of new technologies by certain elite groups is partly a surrogate for underlying ideological criticisms of U.S. society. The question of risk is examined within the framework of the debate over nuclear energy. Studies of various leadership groups are used to demonstrate the ideological component of risk assessment. Studies of scientists' and journalists' attitudes, media coverage of nuclear energy, and public perception of scientists' views suggest both that journalists' ideologies influence their coverage of nuclear energy and that media coverage of the issue is partly responsible for public misperceptions of the views of scientists. We conclude with a discussion of the historical development of the environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s and the relation of this movement to the public's declining support for nuclear energy.
Irreducible Character Degree Sets of Solvable Groups

In this paper we examine the following general question: Given a set X of positive integers that includes 1 is there a finite group G whose Ž Ž . Ž . < Ž .4. Ž character degree set cd G s x 1 x g Irr G equals X ? Technically, Ž . we should call cd G the set of irreducible character degrees, but these are the only character degrees that we will look at in this paper. Thus, when we say the character degrees of G, we mean the irreducible character . degrees . While this is a very interesting question, in order to answer it one must restrict the focus of the question. We restrict p to be a prime and m and n to be coprime integers that are greater than 1 and are not divisible 4 by p. We look at sets X that have the form X s 1 j P j M j N where 4 < < 4 P is a set of powers of p, M : m, mp with M G 1, and N : n, np with < < Ž . N G 1. We would like to know under what conditions X s cd G for some solvable group G. In this paper, we are able to give the following partial answer:
Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of Na,K-ATPase by prostaglandin E1.

Abstract The stimulatory effect of PGE1 on the activity of the Na,K-ATPase in MDCK cells is associated with an increase in the rate of transcription of the Na,K-ATPase β1 subunit gene and an increase in the rate of biosynthesis of the Na,K-ATPase [M.L. Taub, Y. Wang, I.S. Yang, P. Fiorella, S.M. Lee, Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase activity of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in defined medium by prostaglandin E1 and 8-bromocyclic AMP, J. Cell. Physiol. 151 (1992) 337–346]. In order to further define the molecular mechanisms, transient transfection and biosynthesis studies were conducted with dibutyryl cAMP resistant (DBr) MDCK cells, defective in cAMP dependent protein kinase, and PGE1 independent (PGE1 Ind) MDCK cells with elevated intracellular cAMP. Transient transfection studies with the human Na,K-ATPase β1 promoter/luciferase construct, pHβ1–1141 Luc [J. Feng, J. Orlowski, J.B. Lingrel, Identification of a functional thyroid hormone response element in the upstream flanking region of the human Na,K-ATPase beta 1 gene, Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (1993) 2619–2626], showed that the stimulatory effect of PGE1 and 8Br-cAMP on β1 subunit gene transcription is retained in the DBr and PGE1 independent variants. However, the stimulatory effect of PGE1 and 8Br-cAMP on Na,K-ATPase biosynthesis was lost in DBr (unlike PGE1 Ind) variants. These results can be explained by a defect in post-transcriptional regulation.
Attitudes of end-users towards information technology in manufacturing and service industries

Abstract This paper proposes a conceptual framework for end-user attitudes towards information technology and defines how end-users initially develop interest in and learn about computers. Additionally, it reports the results of an empirical inquiry in two industries, based on the conceptual model. The findings suggest that end users in the manufacturing industry manifest attitudes and intentions towards computer use that differ from those of users in the service industry. The research suggests the need for consideration of industry-specific characteristics in information systems research and applications. Finally, the paper discusses managerial implications of the findings and recommends that managers integrate end-user and computer technology.
Mercury's magnetosphere: another look

Abstract The measurements made of Mercury's magnetic field during the Mercury I flyby and the Mereury III flyby have been incorporated into models of the Hermean magnetosphere-magnetotail system. When the magnetic field data for the first half of the Mereury I flyby and all of the Mercury III flyby were incorporated into a single fit of a scaled version of the Beard ( J. Geophys. Res. 84 , 2118–2122, 1979) Earth magnetosphere-magnetotail system, a r.m.s. deviation of 9.3 nT for the magnetic field vector was obtained (Bergan and Engle, J. Geophys. Res. 86 , 1617–1620, 1981). This paper presents results of a study that employs an adaptation of that Beard model but also adopts the assumption that the incident solar wind pressure was different at the times of the two Mercury magnetosphere encounters. Resulting different stand-off distances and scaling factors for the data of the two respective flybys result directly from that single assumption. The study yields a comparable fit of reduced r.m.s. deviation of 7.1 nT and a strength of the Mercury planetary dipole moment D (before any displacement effects are incorporated) between 154 nT R M 3 (Merc 1) and 182 nT R M 3 (Merc 3). The corresponding standoff distances are 1.31 R M for the Merc 3 encounter and 1.08 R M for the Merc 1 encounter.
African Philosophy and the Universalist Thesis

This article examines the contention, frequently defended by contemporary African philosophers, that philosophy is universal. Examples of the thesis are cited; various interpretations of its meaning are analyzed; and arguments against it by other African philosophers are presented. The article argues that the universalist thesis, however interpreted, contributes nothing to African philosophy and should be abandoned.
Selective isolation of methionine-containing peptides by hydrophobicity modulation

Abstract Methionine-containing peptides are selectively isolated from complex digests by taking advantage of successive changes in hydrophobicity and chromatographic mobility induced by S-methylation and demethylation of methionyl residues. The peptides are first separated by highperformance liquid chromatography in their S-[14C]methyl forms and then demethylated to facilitate their separation from contaminants during subsequent rechromatography.
Cultural dislocation: finding intercultural possibilities in exile

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the ontology of the exile and its implications for intellectuals, educators, and those seeking greater intercultural understandings. Culture to these scholars of exile becomes problematized as they feel a sense of estrangement to all cultures.Design/methodology/approach – The paper acts as a review of literature from published scholars who have been lived a great deal of their life in exile.Findings – Ultimately the paper suggests that educators and intellectuals can learn a great deal from the intellect of the exile, as they live culturally displaced and forge new intercultural understandings.Originality/value – This paper offers intellectuals and educators a new perception for engaging a transmigrating world.
The Advantages of a Tapered Whisker

The role of facial vibrissae (whiskers) in the behavior of terrestrial mammals is principally as a supplement or substitute for short-distance vision. Each whisker in the array functions as a mechanical transducer, conveying forces applied along the shaft to mechanoreceptors in the follicle at the whisker base. Subsequent processing of mechanoreceptor output in the trigeminal nucleus and somatosensory cortex allows high accuracy discriminations of object distance, direction, and surface texture. The whiskers of terrestrial mammals are tapered and approximately circular in cross section. We characterize the taper of whiskers in nine mammal species, measure the mechanical deflection of isolated felid whiskers, and discuss the mechanics of a single whisker under static and oscillatory deflections. We argue that a tapered whisker provides some advantages for tactile perception (as compared to a hypothetical untapered whisker), and that this may explain why the taper has been preserved during the evolution of terrestrial mammals.
Return to work and school: a model mentoring program for youth and young adults with spinal cord injury.

Return to work and school: a model mentoring program for youth and young adults with spinal cord injury
Effect of growth hormone on fatty acid oxidation: Growth hormone increases the activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase in mitochondria☆

The effect of growth hormone on the beta-oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was studied with mitochondria isolated from control rats, hypophysectomized rats, and hypophysectomized rats treated with growth hormone. Rates of respiration supported by polyunsaturated fatty acylcarnitines, in contrast to rates observed with palmitoylcarnitine or oleoylcarnitine, were slightly lower in hypophysectomized rats than in normal rats, but were higher in hypophysectomized rats treated with growth hormone. The effects were most pronounced with docosahexaenoylcarnitine, the substrate with the highest degree of unsaturation. Since uncoupling of mitochondria with 2,4-dinitrophenol resulted in lower rates of docosahexaenoylcarnitine-supported respiration, while substitution of ATP for ADP yielded higher rates, it appears that energy is required for the effective oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Growth hormone treatment of hypophysectomized rats caused a threefold increase in the activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase or 4-enoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) in mitochondria, but not in peroxisomes. The activities of other beta-oxidation enzymes remained virtually unchanged. Rates of acetoacetate formation from linolenoylcarnitine, but not from palmitoylcarnitine, were stimulated by glutamate in mitochondria from hypophysectomized rats and hypophysectomized rats treated with growth hormone. All data together lead to the conclusion that the mitochondrial oxidation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids is limited by the availability of NADPH and the activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase which is induced by growth hormone treatment.
Daytime sleep stage organization in three-month-old infants

Sleep monitoring at 3 months post term of clinically normal term infants, pre-term infants with no demonstrable pathologic clinical signs, and pre-term and term infants with a history of metabolic disorders show that these infants have EEG sleep stages resembling those seen in adults, as well as the adult pattern of sleep stage organization. The presence of NREM stage organization and stage sequencing suggest that sleep regulatory mechanisms are approaching a level of functional maturity in the human infant at 3 months post term. There is a significant relationship between sleep staging at 3 months post term and mental and motor performance at 12 months post term. In light of this, it is hypothesized that early bioelectric maturation may reflect the development of neural mechanisms which are also the substrate for later cognitive and behavioral functioning. Sleep stage organization at 3 months post term may be utilized as a benchmark of CNS development and for research on the pathophysiology of sleep disorders.
Chemical-biogeographic survey of secondary metabolism in soil.

In this study, we compare biosynthetic gene richness and diversity of 96 soil microbiomes from diverse environments found throughout the southwestern and northeastern regions of the United States. The 454-pyroseqencing of nonribosomal peptide adenylation (AD) and polyketide ketosynthase (KS) domain fragments amplified from these microbiomes provide a means to evaluate the variation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic diversity in different soil environments. Through soil composition and AD- and KS-amplicon richness analysis, we identify soil types with elevated biosynthetic potential. In general, arid soils show the richest observed biosynthetic diversity, whereas brackish sediments and pine forest soils show the least. By mapping individual environmental amplicon sequences to sequences derived from functionally characterized biosynthetic gene clusters, we identified conserved soil type–specific secondary metabolome enrichment patterns despite significant sample-to-sample sequence variation. These data are used to create chemical biogeographic distribution maps for biomedically valuable families of natural products in the environment that should prove useful for directing the discovery of bioactive natural products in the future.
Computation of Stokes Flow due to the Motion or Presence of a Particle in a Tube

The computation of Stokes flow due to the motion or presence of a rigid particle in a fluid-filled tube with arbitrary geometry is discussed with emphasis on the induced upstream to downstream pressure change. It is proposed that expressing the pressure change as an integral over the particle surface involving (a) the a priori unknown traction, and (b) the velocity of the pure-fluid pressure-driven flow, simplifies the numerical implementation and ameliorates the effect of domain truncation. Numerical computations are performed based on the integral formulation in conjunction with a boundary-element method for a particle translating and rotating inside a cylindrical tube with a circular cross-section. The numerical results are consistent with previous asymptotic solutions for small particles, and complement available numerical solutions for particular types of motion
Effect of sunitinib on functional reproductive outcome in a rabbit model

Objective To determine the effect of sunitinib (Sutent; SU11248; Pfizer), a US Food and Drug Administration-approved receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor previously shown to reduce de novo pelvic adhesion formation, on reproductive function after surgical uterine abrasion in a rabbit model. Design Randomized placebo-controlled study. Setting Large animal facility within an academic hospital. Animal(s) Thirty New Zealand White adult female rabbits (2.2–3.0 kg). Intervention(s) Administration of 11 doses (one preoperative and 10 postoperative) of oral sunitinib (10 mg/kg/d) or placebo. Main Outcome Measure(s) Effect of short-term postoperative sunitinib administration on reproductive function after surgical uterine abrasion. Result(s) All animals were impregnated and survived until designated euthanasia. Sunitinib-treated animals had a larger average litter size (7.7 ± 1.9 vs. 5.6 ± 2.7 kits) and offspring viability (7.1 ± 2.7 vs. 3.5 ± 3.2 kits) compared with placebo-treated animals. There was no difference in gestational length or aberration in the maintainence of fertility. There were no gross abnormalities, detectable birth defects, or growth disparity in offspring from sunitinib versus placebo-treated mothers. The adhesion burden identified at euthanasia after parturition was lower in sunitinib compared with placebo-treated animals (N = 10/group). Conclusion(s) Sunitinib ameliorated adhesion-induced reproductive aberrations after surgical uterine abrasion and may be an efficacious strategy to reduce postoperative pelvic adhesions.
Coffee, tea and VPB.

Abstract Anecdotes have long suggested that caffeine-containing beverages and other personal habits and excesses trigger palpitations and cardiac extrasystoles. We took the opportunity of a systematic population survey of 7311 men, aged 37–57 yr and free of any history of heart disease or diabetes, to examine the association of ventricular premature beats (VPB) with food and drink, cigarette smoking and sleep habits. Blood pressure and serum cholesterol were also measured and a 2-min rest electrocardiogram recorded at a screening station. In multiple regression analysis a significant relationship with prevalence of VPB was found for age and for the average daily number of cups of tea or coffee consumed, adjusting simultaneously for the influence of other factors. Heavy coffee consumption (≥9 cups/day) was associated with more than twice the likelihood of VPB being present at any age, compared to light consumption (≤2 cups/day) or abstinence.