cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of recombinant cytochromes c in E. coli

Answering questions about proteins' structures and functions in the new era of systems biology and genomics requires the development of new methods for heterologous production of numerous proteins from newly sequenced genomes. Cytochromes c - electron transfer proteins carrying one or more hemes covalently bound to the polypeptide chain - are one of the most recalcitrant classes of proteins with respect to heterologous expression because post-translational incorporation of hemes is required for proper folding and stability. However, significant advances in expression of recombinant cytochromes c have been made during the last decade. It has been shown that a single gene cluster, ccmA-H, is responsible for cytochrome c maturation in Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions and that constitutive co-expression of this cluster under aerobic conditions is sufficient to provide heme incorporation in many different types of cytochromes c, regardless of their origin, as long as the nascent polypeptide is translocated to the periplasm. Using conditions that result in sub-maximal protein induction can dramatically increase the yield of mature protein. The intrinsic peroxidase activity of hemes can be used as a highly selective and sensitive detection method of mature cytochromes in samples resolved by gel electrophoresis.
Planning prompts increase and forecast course completion in massive open online courses

Among all of the learners in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) who intend to complete a course, the majority fail to do so. This intention-action gap is found in many domains of human experience, and research in similar goal pursuit domains suggests that plan-making is a cheap and effective nudge to encourage follow-through. In a natural field experiment in three HarvardX courses, some students received open-ended planning prompts at the beginning of a course. These prompts increased course completion by 29%, and payment for certificates by 40%. This effect was largest for students enrolled in traditional schools. Furthermore, the contents of students' plans could predict which students were least likely to succeed - in particular, students whose plans focused on specific times were unlikely to complete the course. Our results suggest that planning prompts can help learners adopted productive frames of mind at the outset of a learning goal that encourage and forecast student success.
Basal cell carcinoma: PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint expression and tumor regression after PD-1 blockade

Monoclonal antibodies that block immune regulatory proteins such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in controlling the growth of multiple tumor types. Unresectable or metastatic basal cell carcinoma, however, has largely gone untested. Because PD-Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in other tumor types has been associated with response to anti-PD-1, we investigated the expression of PD-L1 and its association with PD-1 expression in the basal cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment. Among 40 basal cell carcinoma specimens, 9/40 (22%) demonstrated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, and 33/40 (82%) demonstrated PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and associated macrophages. PD-L1 was observed in close geographic association to PD-1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Additionally, we present, here, the first report of an objective anti-tumor response to pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in a patient with metastatic PD-L1 (+) basal cell carcinoma, whose disease had previously progressed through hedgehog pathway-directed therapy. The patient remains in a partial response 14 months after initiation of therapy. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for testing anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma, either as initial treatment or after acquired resistance to hedgehog pathway inhibition.
The motivational pull of video game feedback, rules, and social interaction

This paper argues that most video game enjoyment can be understood in terms of the type of feedback used, the rules set out by the game and the social elements of the game - concepts that have been identified as critical to video games. Self-determination theory (SDT) is used as a lens for understanding the mechanism by which these traits might lead to enjoyment. Specifically, the argument is that feedback, rules, and social elements of games will fulfill the dimensions of SDT - competence autonomy, and relatedness. Then, the dimensions of SDT will predict enjoyment. Participants were presented with a game that emphasized feedback, rules, or social elements. Games that emphasized flexible rules led to feelings of competence while games that emphasized social elements led to feelings of relatedness. Competence and elatedness then led to feelings of enjoyment. In doing so, this study identifies key elements of video games while illuminating ways to understand video game enjoyment. This study explored the role of self-determination theory in video game enjoyment.Video games are examined in terms of feedback, rules, and social elements.How a video game satisfied competence and relatedness was critical to enjoyment.Different game traits led to different fulfillments of self-determination theory.
The Niobrara Formation as a challenge to water quality in the Arkansas River, Colorado, USA

Abstract Study region Arkansas River, east of the Rocky Mountains. Study focus Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the western United States generally pose challenges to water quality, often through mobilization of salts and trace metals by irrigation. However, in the Arkansas River Basin of Colorado, patchy exposure of multiple Cretaceous formations has made it difficult to identify which formations are most problematic. This paper examines water quality in surface-water inflows along a 26-km reach of the Arkansas River relative to the presence or absence of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation within the watershed. New hydrological insights for the region Principal component analysis (PCA) shows Niobrara-influenced inflows have distinctive geochemistry, particularly with respect to Na, Mg, SO42−, and Se. Uranium concentrations are also greater in Niobrara-influenced inflows. During the irrigation season, median dissolved solids, Se, and U concentrations in Niobrara-influenced inflows were 83%, 646%, and 55%, respectively, greater than medians where Niobrara Formation surface exposures were absent. During the non-irrigation season, which better reflects geologic influence, the differences were more striking. Median dissolved solids, Se, and U concentrations in Niobrara-influenced inflows were 288%, 863%, and 155%, respectively, greater than median concentrations where the Niobrara Formation was absent. Identification of the Niobrara Formation as a disproportionate source for dissolved solids, Se, and U will allow for more targeted studies and management, particularly where exposures underlie irrigated agriculture.
Frailty index developed from a cancer-specific geriatric assessment and the association with mortality among older adults with cancer

Background: An objective measure is needed to identify frail older adults with cancer who are at increased risk for poor health outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to develop a frailty index from a cancer-specific geriatric assessment (GA) and evaluate its ability to predict all-cause mortality among older adults with cancer. Patients and Methods: Using a unique and novel data set that brings together GA data with cancer-specific and long-term mortality data, we developed the Carolina Frailty Index (CFI) from a cancer-specific GA based on the principles of deficit accumulation. CFI scores (range, 0-1) were categorized as robust (0-0.2), pre-frail (0.2-0.35), and frail (>0.35). The primary outcome for evaluating predictive validity was all-cause mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used to compare survival between frailty groups, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations. Results: In our sample of 546 older adults with cancer, the median age was 72 years, 72% were women, 85% were white, and 47% had a breast cancer diagnosis. Overall, 58% of patients were robust, 24% were pre-frail, and 18% were frail. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 72% in robust patients, 58% in pre-frail patients, and 34% in frail patients (log-rank test, P<.0001). Frail patients had more than a 2-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with robust patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.51-3.68). Conclusions: The CFI was predictive of all-cause mortality in older adults with cancer, a finding that was independent of age, sex, cancer type and stage, and number of medical comorbidities. The CFI has the potential to become a tool that oncologists can use to objectively identify frailty in older adults with cancer.
Regulation of SQSTM1/p62 via UBA domain ubiquitination and its role in disease

Macroautophagy/autophagy can be a selective degradative process via the utilization of various autophagic receptor proteins. Autophagic receptors selectively recognize ubiquitinated cargoes and deliver them to phagophores, the precursors to autophagosomes, for their degradation. For example, SQSTM1/p62 directly binds to ubiquitinated protein aggregates via its UBA domain and sequesters them into inclusion bodies via its PB1 domain. SQSTM1also interacts with phagophores via its LC3-interacting (LIR) motif. However, a regulatory mechanism for autophagic receptors is not yet understood.
Artificial Intelligence and Value Investing

Artificial intelligence (AI) has proved useful in high-frequency trading, but less so in classical value investing. This article speculates on how recent advances in AI may be profitably employed for long-term, buy-and-hold discretionary value investing. The core idea is relying on the ability of machines to reason and learn.
Predominance of Male Authors in Social Work Publications

The record of leading social work journals is examined and a theory is proposed to account for the apparent greater productivity of men in publications activities
An adaptive semantic matching paradigm for reliable and valid language mapping in individuals with aphasia.

Research on neuroplasticity in recovery from aphasia depends on the ability to identify language areas of the brain in individuals with aphasia. However, tasks commonly used to engage language processing in people with aphasia, such as narrative comprehension and picture naming, are limited in terms of reliability (test-retest reproducibility) and validity (identification of language regions, and not other regions). On the other hand, paradigms such as semantic decision that are effective in identifying language regions in people without aphasia can be prohibitively challenging for people with aphasia. This paper describes a new semantic matching paradigm that uses an adaptive staircase procedure to present individuals with stimuli that are challenging yet within their competence, so that language processing can be fully engaged in people with and without language impairments. The feasibility, reliability and validity of the adaptive semantic matching paradigm were investigated in sixteen individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia and fourteen neurologically normal participants, in comparison to narrative comprehension and picture naming paradigms. All participants succeeded in learning and performing the semantic paradigm. Test-retest reproducibility of the semantic paradigm in people with aphasia was good (Dice coefficient = 0.66), and was superior to the other two paradigms. The semantic paradigm revealed known features of typical language organization (lateralization; frontal and temporal regions) more consistently in neurologically normal individuals than the other two paradigms, constituting evidence for validity. In sum, the adaptive semantic matching paradigm is a feasible, reliable and valid method for mapping language regions in people with aphasia.
VEO-Engine: Interfacing and Reasoning with an Emotion Ontology for Device Visual Expression.

In order for machines to understand or express emotion to users, the specific emotions must be formally defined and the software coded to how those emotions are to be expressed. This is particularly important if devices or computer-based tools are utilized in clinical settings, which may be stressful for patients and where emotions can dominate their decision making. We have reported our development and feasibility results of an ontology, Visualized Emotion Ontology (VEO), that links abstract visualizations that express specific emotions. Here, we used VEO with the VEO-Engine, a software API package that interfaces with the VEO. The VEO-Engine was developed in Java using Apache Jena and OWL-API. The software package was tested on a Raspberry Pi machine with a small touchscreen display that linked each visualization to an emotion. The VEO-Engine stores input parameters of emotional situations and valences to reason and interpret users’ emotions using the ontology-based reasoner. With this software, devices can interfaced wirelessly, so smart devices with visual displays can interact with the ontology. By means of the VEO-Engine, we show the portability and usability of the VEO in human-computer interaction.
PDGFR-β expression in small cell lung cancer patients

17128 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) carries an extremely poor prognosis and treatment options for this disease remain poor. PDGF and PDGFR-β are expressed and have been found to have pr...
Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Internet Users: Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: The rapid diffusion of the internet has decreased consumer reliance on health care providers for health information and facilitated the patients’ ability to be an agent in control of their own health. However, empirical evidence is limited regarding the effects of health-related internet use among older adults, which is complicated by the proliferation of online health and medical sources of questionable scientific accuracy. Objective: We explore the effects of health-related internet use, education, and eHealth literacy on medical encounters and patient-reported outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes are categorized into two dimensions: (1) self-reported health problem and (2) affective distress (feeling worried and anxious) due to information obtained. We were particularly interested in whether education and eHealth literacy moderate the association between perceived strain in medical encounters and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Our study sample consisted of online panel members who have used the internet as a resource for health information, randomly drawn from one of the largest probability-based online research panels. This paper specifically reports results obtained from older panel members (age≥60 years: n=194). First, we examined descriptive statistics and bivariate associations (Pearson correlations and independent samples t tests). We used hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analyses by running separate regressions for each patient-reported outcome. In model 1, we entered the main effects. In model 2, technology and medical encounter variables were included. Model 3 added the statistical interaction terms. Results: Age (β=–.17; P=.02), gender (β=–.22; P=.01), and medical satisfaction (β=–.28; P=.01) were significant predictors of self-reported health problems. Affective distress was positively predicted by gender (β=.13; P=.05) and satisfaction with medical encounters (β=.34; P<.001) but negatively predicted by education (β=–.18; P=.03) and eHealth literacy (β=–.32; P=.01). The association between experiencing a health problem in relation to health-related internet use and perception of strained medical encounters was greater among respondents with lower levels of education (β=–.55; P=.04). There was also a significant interaction between education and eHealth literacy in predicting the level of affective distress (β=–.60; P=.05), which indicated that higher levels of education predicted lower averages of feeling anxiety and worry despite lower eHealth literacy. Older women reported higher averages of affective distress (β=.13; P=.05), while older men reported higher averages of experiencing a self-reported health problem (β=–.22; P=.01). Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the effect of health-related internet use on patient-reported outcomes with implications for medical encounters. The results could be used to guide educational and eHealth literacy interventions for older individuals.
Biochar impacts on nutrient dynamics in a subtropical grassland soil: 1. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching.

Despite the numerous benefits of biosolids, concerns over nutrient losses restrict the extent to which biosolids can be beneficially reused. We evaluated the effectiveness of biochar in controlling the lability of nutrients in agricultural land. This study was designed to investigate the potential impacts of co-applying biochar with biosolids or inorganic fertilizer on N and P leaching losses. A companion paper focuses on greenhouse gas responses. Nutrients were surface applied as biosolids (aerobically digested Class B) and inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate) to an established perennial pasture at equivalent annual rates typical of field practices. Biochar was applied at an annual rate of 20 Mg ha-1 . Leachate N and P were monitored using passive-capillary drainage lysimeters. Results demonstrated significant temporal variability in leachate N and P, with larger pulses generally occurring during periods of high water table levels or after intensive rainfall. Inorganic fertilizer generally resulted in greater leachate N and P losses than biosolids. No differences in leachate N and P losses between biosolids and control were observed. Approximately 1% of applied N was lost via leaching from biosolids treatments vs. 16% for inorganic fertilizer. Regardless of the P source, negligible (0.1-0.2% of applied P), cumulative P leaching occurred during the 3-yr study. Biochar had no effect on P leaching but reduced N leaching from treatments receiving inorganic fertilizer by 60%. Prudent nutrient management is possible even on biosolids-amended Spodosols with high water tables.
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Practice and Applications to Personalized Medicine

Regional anesthesia has evolved considerably since its origins in the late nineteenth century. Sophistication of techniques, improved understanding of peripheral nerve microanatomy and pain transmission, incorporation of real-time imaging, and the discovery of novel local anesthetics and adjunct agents afford anesthesiologists to tailor individual perioperative pain management strategies. As areas such as pharmacogenomics and epigenetics of pain regulation mature, the field stands to further transform into the age of personalized medicine. In this chapter we forgo the technical considerations of practicing regional anesthesia and acute pain medicine which can be found elsewhere and instead take a broader perspective discussing the basis of personalized medicine and its relevant domains with respect to management of perioperative pain including regional anesthesia.
Big Data in Sport Industry: Interview with Michal Lorenc, Head of Industry—Ticketing and Live Events at Google

Michal Lorenc, head of industry—ticketing and live events at Google, has been with Google for 19 years Lorenc has held multiple leadership roles on the revenue-generating side of the business He currently oversees the sales and account services team responsible for fostering strategic relationships with key partners in sports, family entertainment, music, and ticketing industries A seasoned industry veteran, Lorenc worked on a variety of strategic initiatives in marketing, business development, and sales capabilities in North America and Europe, including establishing Google’s presence in his native Poland;helping build out Google offices in Ann Arbor, Michigan;and building out the midmarket sales team for Google Canada Lorenc sat with Gashaw Abeza to discuss Google and sport, the impact of COVID, and, mainly, big data in the sport industry © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc
Multi-label legal document classification: A deep learning-based approach with label-attention and domain-specific pre-training

Abstract Multi-label document classification has a broad range of applicability to various practical problems, such as news article topic tagging, sentiment analysis, medical code classification, etc. A variety of approaches (e.g., tree-based methods, neural networks and deep learning systems that are specifically based on pre-trained language models) have been developed for multi-label document classification problems and have achieved satisfying performance on different datasets. In the legal domain, however, one is often faced with several key challenges when working with multi-label classification tasks. One critical challenge is the lack of high-quality human labeled datasets, which prevents researchers and practitioners from achieving decent performance on respective tasks. Also, existing methods on multi-label classification typically focus on the majority classes, which results in an unsatisfying performance for other important classes that do not have sufficient training samples. In order to tackle the above challenges, in this paper, we first present POSTURE50K, a novel legal extreme multi-label classification dataset, which we will release to the research community. The dataset contains 50,000 legal opinions and their manually labeled legal procedural postures. Labels in this dataset follow a Zipfian distribution, leaving many of the classes with only a few samples. Furthermore, we propose a deep learning architecture that adopts domain-specific pre-training and a label-attention mechanism for multi-label document classification. We evaluate our proposed architecture on POSTURE50K and another legal multi-label dataset EUROLEX57K, and show that our approach achieves better performances than two baseline systems and another four recent state-of-the-art methods on both datasets.
Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: The Undervaluation Hypothesis

The growing interdependency of the global economy has developed new relationships between economic agents of different countries. In the last decade, a very interesting phenomenon has surfaced in the international market for corporate control. In a reversal of previous patterns, the number of foreign firms acquiring U.S. firms has been larger than the number of U.S. firms taking over foreign companies. The exact motivations for this switch in the role of U.S. firms from bidder to target are many. We focus our attention on the quest for undervalued assets. Under our undervaluation hypothesis, we postulate that the existence of market imperfections that cause frictions in the product and service markets also contributes to favor the acquisition of a company already operating. Thus, in order to minimize the costs penetrating into foreign markets, firms will search across national boundaries for undervalued companies as targets for their acquisitions. The results of this study offer support for this viewpoint.
Power over pain - An interprofessional approach to chronic pain: Program feedback from a medically underserved community.

INTRODUCTION The management of chronic pain is challenging. Biopsychosocial models recommend interprofessional approaches to treatment, but there is sparse information about participants' experiences of these programs, especially in medically underserved populations coping with the intersectionality of racial bias, low socioeconomic status, and psychosocial stressors. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of black participants with low socioeconomic status and concomitant psychosocial stressors in an outpatient interprofessional pain management program, Power over Pain. The program incorporates cognitive-behavioural techniques, creative arts therapies, pain education, and psychoeducation about stress management, self-care, exercise, and medication. METHOD This study employed thematic analysis as the qualitative research method. We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine program participants. Interview questions focused on the impact of the program on participants' overall health and wellbeing and ability to manage chronic pain. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed the following treatment benefits as perceived by the participants: (a) moving from feeling stuck to feeling empowered, (b) enhanced understanding of chronic pain resulting in cognitive reframing and debunking certain myths and stigmas, (c) learning new pain management strategies, and (d) social support. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the Power over Pain program may be an effective way to improve self-management and empower medically underserved people who have chronic pain.
Detecting Adversarial Examples with Bayesian Neural Network.

In this paper, we propose a new framework to detect adversarial examples motivated by the observations that random components can improve the smoothness of predictors and make it easier to simulate output distribution of deep neural network. With these observations, we propose a novel Bayesian adversarial example detector, short for BATer, to improve the performance of adversarial example detection. In specific, we study the distributional difference of hidden layer output between natural and adversarial examples, and propose to use the randomness of Bayesian neural network (BNN) to simulate hidden layer output distribution and leverage the distribution dispersion to detect adversarial examples. The advantage of BNN is that the output is stochastic while neural networks without random components do not have such characteristics. Empirical results on several benchmark datasets against popular attacks show that the proposed BATer outperforms the state-of-the-art detectors in adversarial example detection.
Four Horizons for Enhancing the Performance of Parallel Simulations Based on Partial Differential Equations

Simulations of PDE-based systems, such as flight vehicles, the global climate, petroleum reservoirs, semiconductor devices, and nuclear weapons, typically perform an order of magnitude or more below other scientific simulations (e.g., from chemistry and physics) with dense linear algebra or N-body kernels at their core. In this presentation, we briefly review the algorithmic structure of typical PDE solvers that is responsible for this situation and consider possible architectural and algorithmic sources for performance improvement. Some of these improvements are also applicable to other types of simulations, but we examine their consequences for PDEs: potential to exploit orders of magnitude more processor-memory units, better organization of the simulation for today's and likely near-future hierarchical memories, alternative formulations of the discrete systems to be solved, and new horizons in adaptivity. Each category is motivated by recent experiences in computational aerodynamics at the 1 Teraflop/s scale.
Long-term chronic multichannel recordings from sensorimotor cortex and thalamus of primates.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of chronically implanted microwire microelectrodes that offers the opportunity to record from large numbers of single neurons and neuron clusters over long periods of time, and from several structures in the sensorimotor system of monkeys. Chronically, implanted arrays of microwires are used to record from neurons in the sensorimotor system of rats. More recently, these procedures have been applied to the somatosensory system of monkeys. Such recording procedures offer advantages over traditional single-unit recording approaches. It is possible to see how neurons in different parts of the system respond to the same events, and determine how the responses of individual neurons relate to each other. The chronically implanted electrodes allow recording under a number of experimental conditions, including recordings in awake animals during behavior. Recordings over weeks to months of time allow studies of how neurons in systems might or might not change in their response characteristics as a result of experience, sensory deprivation, learning, drug treatments, or damage to part of the system. The multi-electrode approach seems to be potentially valuable in studies of both the normal functions of a system, and the plasticity of a system. The chapter present results showing the multielectrode recording from monkeys provide useful and reliable data.
Time-dependent thermocontrol of the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of DNA oligonucleotide prodrugs.

This unit describes the preparation of alkylthioalkylated and formamidoalkylated alcohols, an amidoalkylated alcohol, a hydroxylalkylated phosphoramidate, and their phosphoramidothioate derivatives, all of which have been identified as heat-sensitive thiophosphate-protecting groups in the development of thermolytic immunostimulatory DNA prodrugs. The alcohols are converted to their deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidite derivatives, which are then used in the preparation of thermosensitive dinucleoside phosphorothioates. The thiophosphate-protecting groups of these dinucleoside phosphorothioates presumably undergo thermolytic cyclodeesterification at elevated temperature under essentially neutral conditions to release the desired phosphorothioate diester function. On the basis of their thermolytic deprotection kinetics, one can identify those thiophosphate-protecting groups that (i) may be useful for thiophosphate protection of CpG motifs of immunostimulatory DNA oligonucleotides (CpG ODNs); (ii) are suitable for protection of phosphodiester functions flanking the CpG motifs; and (iii) offer adequate protection of terminal phosphodiester functions against ubiquitous extracellular and intracellular exonucleases that may be found in biological environments. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 43:4.42.1-4.42.31. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: oligonucleotide prodrugs; thiophosphate protecting groups; thermolytic deprotection; thermolytic conditions; solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis; CpG ODNs; lipophilicity; hydrophilicity
Use of supine pressor test to prevent gestational hypertension in primigravid women

Abstract The supine pressor (roll-over) test was performed on 62 nulliparous patients under 20 years of age at conception. The 28 patients (45 per cent) with positive tests were treated to prevent the development of gestational hypertension. Four of those with a positive test and two of those with a negative test developed gestational hypertension. Compared with a composite of other reported studies of this test in which the patients were not treated, our results indicated a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of gestational hypertension. The supine pressor test appears to be useful clinically in young nulliparous women.
The yeast EUG1 gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein that is functionally related to protein disulfide isomerase.

Abstract The product of the EUG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a soluble endoplasmic reticulum protein with homology to both the mammalian protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and the yeast PDI homolog encoded by the essential PDI1 gene. Deletion or overexpression of EUG1 causes no growth defects under a variety of conditions. EUG1 mRNA and protein levels are dramatically increased in response to the accumulation of native or unglycosylated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of the EUG1 gene allows yeast cells to grow in the absence of the PDI1 gene product. Depletion of the PDI1 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes a soluble vacuolar glycoprotein to accumulate in its endoplasmic reticulum form, and this phenotype is only partially relieved by the overexpression of EUG1. Taken together, our results indicate that PDI1 and EUG1 encode functionally related proteins that are likely to be involved in interacting with nascent polypeptides in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum.
Strengthening the computing research pipeline through minority participation: The case for undergraduate research experiences

There is growing concern about the supply of computing graduates who intend to pursue research careers. A pool of talent from which future computing research professionals could be drawn are underrepresented racial-ethnic minority (REM) students (e.g., African Americans and Hispanics), who comprise a growing share of the college-age population but are disproportionately represented at higher levels of the computing research pipeline. This paper explores how undergraduate research experiences may improve the graduate degree intentions of computing undergraduates. Findings suggest that minority status is related to increased intentions to pursue graduate study in computing among all students, and this association is strongest for REM students. Further analyses reveal that psychosocial skills and behaviors that are attained through undergraduate research explain this relationship. These results contribute to the growing literature that seeks to identify which contexts and interventions are effective in improving REM students' intentions for graduate study and capacity for research careers.
John Sinclair & Joseph D. Straubhaar, Latin American Television Industries

Copyright © 2014 (Sebastiao Guilherme Albano, sebastiao@utexas.edu; Maria Erica de Oliveira Lima, merical@uol.com.br). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org. John Sinclair and Joseph Straubhaar, Latin American Television Industries, London; New York: British Film Institute; Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 216 pp., $27.95 (paperback), $89.95 (hardcover).
IUE observations of cataclysmic variables

Twenty two approved International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) programs were studied over a 14 year period. These programs are listed. The observations and subsequent analysis centered on cataclysmic variables (close binaries with a late main sequence star transferring material to a primary white dwarf via an accretion disk). The early studies highlighted the flux distribution of the accretion disk at outburst and quiescence, while later studies accomplished time-resolved observations throughout the orbital cycles, the study of the outflowing winds present at outburst, the study of the white dwarf in those systems with low accretion rate. There are 39 publications resulting from this work which are listed. These results include those for individual systems (Stepanian's star, Lanning 10, AM Her, MV Lyr, TV Col, VW Hyi, T Leo, IR Gem, TT Ari, Z Cam, BV Pup, IP Peg, PG1030+590, V1315 Aql, SW UMa, V426 Oph, WZ Sge, BY Cam, and U Gem) as well as review articles in journals and publications from reviews at meetings that summarize the impact of IUE on the study of accretion disks, white dwarfs, and hot spots resulting from stream impact as well as magnetic accretion columns.
Discussion of the kinetics of copper solvent extraction with hydroxy oximes

Abstract Interpretation of copper solvent extraction data recently published in this journal by Flett et al.[3] is discussed. The rate data for copper solvent extraction with hydroxy oximes (LIX reagents) was obtained by a relaxation technique using radioactive copper tracer and the AKUFVE apparatus. The technique suggests, and it is shown in the following discussion the data substantiate, that the back reaction kinetics contribute significantly to the net reaction rate. The correct empirical expression for the rate of disappearance of copper from the aqueous phase is shown to be: − Rate = k f ( R 65 H ) org ( R 63 H ) 1 2 org ( Cu 2+ ) aq − k r ( R 2 65 Cu ) org ( H − ) aq . Other consideration is given to the meaning of the activation energies obtained and evaluation of the proposed reaction mechanism.
Knowing about Guessing and Guessing about Knowing: Preschoolers' Understanding of Indeterminacy

In this article we investigate preschool children's understanding of indeterminacy by examining their ability to distinguish between determinate situations--in which the available evidence eliminates all uncertainty about an outcome--and indeterminate situations--in which it does not. We argue that a full understanding of indeterminacy requires the coordination of 3 processes: search, evaluation, and mapping. We describe 3 experiments aimed at discovering the extent to which these processes, each of which has been implicated in previous accounts of indeterminate reasoning, are developed in preschoolers and the extent to which different children organize the processes into different strategies. Experiment 1 examines 5-year-olds' performance on 1- versus 2-solution problems having different configurations of irrelevant information. Experiments 2 and 3 extend the possible sources of indeterminacy from 2 to 4 and vary the amount of consistent, inconsistent, and to-be-discovered evidence. Our results show that 4- and 5-year-old children readily give "Can tell" responses to determinate problems, as well as "Can't tell" responses when they think that the evidence warrants such a response. In addition, we report 2 new findings: (a) different children use different strategies to process determinate evidence, and these strategies, in turn, predict their performance on indeterminate problems; (b) evidence patterns in which a single positive instance is contrasted with 1 or more negative or unknown instances are particularly difficult to resolve. Many children use a decision rule--the Positive Capture rule--that produces consistent errors on this type of problem.
Longitudinal Molecular Imaging with Single Cell Resolution of Disseminated Ovarian Cancer in Mice with a LED-based Confocal Microendoscope

Purpose We engineered a flexible fiber-optic microendoscope for longitudinal optical imaging studies in a mouse model of disseminated ovarian cancer.
In vitro studies on distribution of cortisol in dog's blood.

SummaryA series of in vitro experiments on the distribution of free cortisol between plasma and blood cells reveals that, 1) cortisol is rapidly taken up by blood cells at 37°C, 2) the amount associated with red blood cells is essentially equivalent to the per cent hematocrit, and 3) 17-OHCS can leave the cell and enter the plasma when the latter phase contains lower concentrations of these steroids. The results of these experiments suggest that the amount of free steroids associated with cells can be calculated from the analyses of plasma 17-OHCS and that the μg/100 ml blood are essentially similar to the μg/100 ml plasma.
A procedure for the radioiodination of a ganglioside derivative

A procedure for the preparation of a radioiodinated derivative of ganglioside GM1 has been devised. Carbon 6 of the terminal galactosyl residue of GM1 was converted to an aldehyde by galactose oxidase. The adduct formed by this oxidation product of GM1 with tyramine was reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride. The tyramine moiety covalently attached to GM1 was then labelled by the conventional iodine chloride procedure. The technique described herein is simple and economical for the preparation of a highly radioactive GM1 derivative.
Rapid hologram updates for real-time volumetric information displays

We have demonstrated that holograms incorporating changes in three-dimensional (3D) scenes can be recalculated in real time to present dynamic updates on information displays. This approach displays 3D information in a compatible format for fast and reliable interpretation of changes in the 3D scenes. The rapid-update algorithm has been demonstrated by real-time computation and transcription of the holograms to our digital micromirror device hologram projection system for visual validation of the reconstruction. The reported algorithm enables full parallax 1024 x 768 pixel holograms of 3D scenes to be updated at a rate of 0.8 s with a 1.8 GHz personal computer. Volumetric information displays that can enhance reliable data assimilation and decrease reaction times for applications such as air-traffic control, cockpit heads-up displays, mission crew stations, and undersea navigation can benefit from this research.
The heterogeneity of rat high density lipoproteins.

Abstract Both the Apo A-I and Apo E proteins are major components of the rat high density lipoproteins. High density lipoproteins containing predominantly Apo A-I but little Apo E were separated from high density lipoproteins containing mainly Apo E and virtually no Apo A-I by heparin affinity chromatography. High density lipoproteins with Apo A-I had the chemical composition, electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal properties previously noted for rat high density lipoproteins. The Apo E high density lipoproteins contained relatively more triglyceride and free cholesterol than Apo A-I high density lipoproteins but exhibited similar ultracentrifugal and identical electrophoretic properties. In the fasting rat, the Apo A-I fraction accounted for approximately 90% of the total high density lipoproteins and the Apo E for 10%.
The Problem of Evaluating a White Light Image

The authors have made investigations with Super XX film and find that the resolving power in white light is strongly influenced by the shape and size of the blue and red images. The results indicate that if the imaging characteristics of a lens in white light are to be determined photoelectrically they should be done in at least three wavelength regions. As a by-product of the experiments it was found that the low-contrast resolving power correlated fairly well with subjective picture evaluation.
Comparative Spaces and Seeing Seduction and Horror in Bataille

In his article, "Comparative Spaces and Seeing Seduction and Horror in Bataille," Benton Jay Komins explores Bataille's preoccupation with "seeing": The eye holds a preeminently ambiguous position in Georges Bataille's universe of enucleated priests and scatological window scenes. Komins' comparative examination presents several aspects of Bataille's eyes: Existing between fascination and revulsion, this most Bataillean organ moves between subjective vision and objective blindness. The eye both captures and is captured in episodes of seductive horror. Through the denigration of vision, Bataille's dethroned eye exceeds the confines of visuality. Bataille develops an extraordinary notion of ocularity -as a metaphor, action, and traumatic fixation -in his novels, autobiographical notes, and critical writing. His compelling eyes surface between written genres and lived experience, that is to say, in the comparative space between the phantasmatic and the social, inviting psychological and historical analysis. Benton Jay Komins, "Comparative Spaces and Seeing Seduction and Horror in Bataille" page 2 of 6 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 2.3 (2000):
Radiation Response Of A Radiation-Hardened Si Photodiode Incorporating A Sinker Diffusion

A commercially available, epitaxially-grown, Si photodiode was irradiated with 18 MeV electrons, 1-10 MeV x-rays, and neutrons from a pulsed reactor. The device structure is given, the radiation-hardened design features are discussed and their inherent limitations are identified. The ionizing radiation sensitivity and neutron-induced, permanent damage to quantum efficiency and leakage current have been measured. Empirical fits to the data are presented to aid optoelectronic sub-system designers in predicting device performance in various radiation environments.
Treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease with anti-thymocyte globulin

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although initial treatment with corticosteroids is effective in the majority of patients, 30--60% develop steroid resistance. Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is commonly used as first-line therapy for steroid resistant (SR) aGVHD. However, data on its efficacy are limited. At two institutions we reviewed the results of treatment with ATG of 58 patients with SR aGVHD. Initial manifestations of aGVHD were treated with 2 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone (MP). Equine ATG was administered as first-line therapy for SR aGVHD, a median of 9 days (range, 3 to 39) after initiation of MP. At the time of initiation of ATG, IBMTR severity indices B, C and D were observed in 6%, 40% and 54% of patients, respectively. Improvement was observed in 30% of patients treated with ATG. Skin disease was more likely to improve with ATG (79%), while progression of gut and liver aGVHD was observed in 40% and 66% of patients, respectively. Despite initial improvement, 52 patients (90%) died a median of 40 days after ATG therapy from progressive aGVHD and/or infection (74%), ARDS (15%), or relapse (11%). Only six patients (10%), three of whom had aGVHD limited to the skin at the time ATG was administered, are long-term survivors. We conclude that initial improvement of SR aGVHD occurs with ATG in a minority of patients, and very few patients become long-term survivors. Furthermore, this treatment is associated with a high rate of major complications.
Taking Evolution Seriously: Historical Institutionalism and Evolutionary Theory

Social science in general and political science in particular have been resistant to the mobilization of evolutionary and specifically Darwinian ideas for analytic and explanatory purposes. This paper documents a disconnect between political scientists and standard evolutionary theory. Historical institutionalism is identified as a subfield particularly well-suited, but presently ill-equipped, to benefit from evolutionary thinking. Key concepts in evolutionary theory are then used to interpret work by prominent historical institutionalists, illustrate the under-theorized state of historical institutionalism, and suggest the potential of evolutionary theory to greatly enhance the depth, range, and power of that approach. Illustrations are drawn from studies by a range of researchers, including Gellner, Thelen, Ertman, Gottshalk, Anthony Marx, and Katznelson.
Induced PKU in rats: effects of age and melatonin treatment.

Abstract Newborn rats injected on Days 1–8 of life with L-phenylalanine (2 g/kg) and p-chlorophenylalanine (80 mg/kg) displayed biochemical symptoms analogous to human phenylketonuria (PKU) and maze learning impairments. The behavioral effects were less evident in rats treated on Days 9–16 or 17–24. None of the symptoms observed were alleviated by simultaneous administration of melatonin (10 mg/kg/day).
Assessing physical activity among minority women: focus group results

Focus group findings indicate a need to develop physical activity surveys that are more relevant for women, that include well-defined, inoffensive terminology, and that improve recall of unstructured and intermittent physical activities.