cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of bovine brain cathepsin D.

— Bovine brain cathepsin D was purified 1774-fold with a 19% recovery by affinity chromatography on immobilized pepstatin. Approximately 2 mg of enzyme protein were isolated from 150 g (wet weight) of bovine brain. The enzyme eluted from gel filtration as a single peak with a molecular weight of 40,000–42,000. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the predominant band migrated with a molecular weight of 48,000: however, less distinct bands were also present in the molecular weight ranges of 31,000 and 13,000. The isolated enzyme had isoelectric points over a range of pH 5–7 with 3 major peaks occurring at pH 5.6, 6.1, and 6.6. The amino acid composition of brain cathepsin D showed substantial differences from that reported for cathepsin D isolated from bovine spleen. Amino-terminal sequence analysis revealed an Asp-Val-lle sequence by Edman degradation. With hemoglobin as the substrate the enzyme had an apparent K, of 60mM.
In VivoLactate Editing with Simultaneous Detection of Choline, Creatine, NAA, and Lipid Singlets at 1.5 T Using PRESS Excitation with Applications to the Study of Brain and Head and Neck Tumors☆

Two T2-independentJ-difference lactate editing schemes for the PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy localization sequence are introduced. The techniques, which allow for simultaneous acquisition of the lactate doublet (1.3 ppm) and edited singlets upfield of and including choline (3.2 ppm), exploit the dependence of the in-phase intensity of the methyl doublet upon the time interval separating two inversion (BASING) pulses applied to its coupling partner after initial excitation. Editing method 1, which allows for echo times TE =n/J(n= 1, 2, 3, …), alters the BASING carrier frequency for each of two cycles so that, for one cycle, the quartet is inverted, whereas, for the other cycle, the quartet is unaffected. Method 2, which also provides water suppression, allows for editing for TE > 1/Jby alternating, between cycles, the time interval separating the inversion pulses. Experimental results were obtained at 1.5 T using a Shinnar Le–Roux-designed maximum phase inversion pulse with a filter transition bandwidth of 55 Hz. Spectra were acquired from phantoms andin vivofrom the human brain and neck. In a neck muscle study, the lipid suppression factor, achieved partly through the use of a novel phase regularization algorithm, was measured to be over 103. Spectra acquired from a primary brain and a metastatic neck tumor demonstrated the presence of lactate and choline signals consistent with abnormal spectral patterns. The advantages and limitations of the methods are analyzed theoretically and experimentally, and significance of the results is discussed.
Fabrication of high-density UO2 and (U0.75Pu0.25)O2 by hot pressing☆

Abstract The hot pressing behavior of hyperstoichiometric UO2 and (U, Pu)O2 powders has been evaluated. Specimens with densities in excess of 99% ρ th can be fabricated with this technique at temperatures of 1000°C or less.
sunstein's heuristics provide insufficient descriptive and explanatory adequacy

in considering a domain of knowledge – language, music, mathematics, or morality – it is necessary to derive principles that can describe the mature state and explain how an individual reaches this state. although sunstein's heuristics go some way toward a description of our moral sense, it is not clear that they are at the right level of description, and as stated, they provide no guidelines for looking at the acquisition process – the problem of explanatory adequacy.
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching investigation of protein transport and exchange in chromatographic media.

A fully-mechanistic understanding of protein transport and sorption in chromatographic materials has remained elusive despite the application of modern continuum and molecular observation techniques. While measuring overall uptake rates in proteins in chromatographic media is relatively straightforward, quantifying mechanistic contributions is much more challenging. Further, at equilibrium in fully-loaded particles, measuring rates of kinetic exchange and diffusion can be very challenging. As models of multicomponent separations rely on accurate depictions of protein displacement and elution, a straightforward method is desired to measure the mobility of bound protein in chromatographic media. We have adapted fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) methods to study transport and exchange of protein at equilibrium in a single particle. Further, we have developed a mathematical model to capture diffusion and desorption rates governing fluorescence recovery and investigate how these rates vary as a function of protein size, binding strength and media type. An emphasis is placed on explaining differences between polymer-modified and traditional media, which in the former case is characterized by rapid uptake, slow displacement and large elution pools, differences that have been postulated to result from steric and kinetic limitations. Finally, good qualitative agreement is achieved predicting flow confocal displacement profiles in polymer-modified materials, based solely on estimates of kinetic and diffusion parameters from FRAP observations.
Dispersal of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) adults through cotton following nursery host destruction

Movement of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) adults following destruction of a nursery plot placed within a cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) field was traced in two field studies. An internal physiological marker was acquired during feeding on the nursery plot and resulted in higher numbers of marked individuals than use of fluorescent dust applied to captured insects. This was in spite of repeated efforts to establish a population of fluorescent-marked individuals. Dispersal immediately following destruction of the nursery plot was adequately modeled as a diffusion process, but emigration from the cotton ocurred within days. When Erigeron annuus (L.) Persoon refuges were nearby, there was a large increase in the number of marked adults found in the refuges one and two days after the nursery host was destroyed. Screenhouse studies showed that the presence of E. annuus near cotton significantly decreased the proportion of adults that remained on the cotton. Projections of colonization potentials were higher for founder populations on E. annuus than on cotton. This suggests that movement toward E. annuus represents efficient use of habitat by this polyphagous species even when E. annuus exists as small patchy refuges within cotton monocultures. Damage to cotton reflected the high L. lineolaris density imposed by the placement and later destruction of the nursery plot, suggesting that damage can result from improper management of nursery hosts.
Functionalized Pentacene Derivatives for Use as Red Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

A series of three pentacene derivatives featuring substituted aryl groups at the 6,13-position, namely, 6,13-diphenylpentacene, 6,13-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pentacene, and 6,13-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pentacene, have been synthesized and characterized. The optical properties of each compound have been determined in solution and in the solid state. Films containing the pentacene derivatives dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminum(III) (Alq3) emit in the red with small contribution from the Alq3 host, signaling efficient energy transfer from host to guest molecules. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (φPL) of composite films is ∼30−32% at optimum dopant concentration. Organic light-emitting diodes based on these composite films as the active emitting layers have been fabricated and characterized. External electroluminescence quantum efficiencies near the theoretical limit have been achieved.
Modification of myosin light chain phosphorylation in sustained arterial muscle contraction by phorbol dibutyrate

The decrease in phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain during prolonged K(+)-stimulation of arterial smooth muscle was counteracted by treating this muscle with phorbol dibutyrate. Quantitative phosphopeptide analysis revealed that phorbol dibutyrate induced phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in the light chain by protein kinase C and phosphorylation of a threonine residue by myosin light chain kinase. The same residues of light chain were also phosphorylated when phorbol dibutyrate was added to muscles pretreated either with the Ca2(+)-channel-blocking agents nifedipine and verapamil, or with the Ca2(+)-chelating agent ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. The results indicate an interrelationship between protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase phosphorylated sites of light chain in intact arterial smooth muscle.
A Demographic and Behavioral Profile of Homeless Youth in New York City: Implications for AIDS Outreach and Prevention

Rapid changes in the world market economy have served to destabilize many local institutions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor and undermining viability of key social and economic institutions such as family and household. Among those most deeply affected by this displacement are children and adolescents, many of whom are forced to leave family institutions before they have acquired the skills and maturity needed to become economically self–sufficient. Fending for themselves amid the vagaries of the underworld of virtually every major city in the world, these youths are at exceptional risk for a wide range of poor health outcomes and premature death. While perhaps a familiar sight in many non-Western countries, this phenomenon also has emerged in the industrialized world, a fact that accounts for the rise in exposure to violence and disease among street-involved youth and young adults in nations such as the United States. There are as yet few empirical data available about the nature of these youth populations or the constellation of behaviors that place them at increased risk for disease outcomes. In this report we construct a demographic and behavioral profile of the homeless youth population in New York City, particularly as behavioral patterns relate to risk associated with HIV infection, [homeless youth, AIDS, street economy]
Generalized Far-Field Holography At Non-Image Planes

The imaging process of far-field holography with reconstructions at non-image planes is described in detail. The recording and readout source points are assumed to he generally anywhere on the optical axis and their wavelengths are also considered to be different. The emphasis is given to the diffraction pattern for the analysis of size and position of small particles, bubbles, etc. The case of two-dimensional object cross-sections is discussed in detail.
Effects of dietary fat level and aflatoxin B1 treatment on rat hepatic lipid composition.

Abstract Sprague-Dawley rats were given either ten daily doses of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) or the solvent tricaprylin intragastrically over a 2-wk period and were fed diets containing either 1.6 or 20% corn oil throughout the study. Hepatic lipid composition was analysed in groups of five rats both 3 and 13 wk after the start of treatment, in order to determine short-term and longer-term alterations. Total lipid and cholesterols (total, free and esterified) increased on the high-fat diet at wk 3. At wk 13 only total and esterified cholesterol were increased by 20% corn oil. AFB 1 treatment resulted in large intra-group variations in total lipid and cholesterol at wk 3, but these were no longer apparent by wk 13. AFB 1 produced various alterations in the fatty acid composition of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), apparent at wk 3 but not at wk 13. The unsaturation index decreased but no changes were seen in the saturated fatty acids. Only in animals fed 20% corn oil did AFB 1 result in significant changes in 18:2, 20:3 and 22:6 fatty acids, while 20:4 and 22:5 tended to decrease and 18:1 to increase in response to AFB 1 treatment with both diets in both phospholipids. The high-corn oil diet was found to increase 18:2, 22:6, and total unsaturation in PC and PE, while the ratio of 20:4 to 18:2 tended to decrease in these phospholipids, γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase, an indicator of liver damage, was significantly increased in AFB 1 -treated animals, with the greatest increase over controls in those fed the high-fat diet.
Normalization of multidirectional red and NIR reflectances with the SAVI

Directional reflectance measurements were made over a semi-desert gramma grassland at various times of the growing season. View angle measurements from +40 to -40 degrees were made at various solar zenith angles and soil moisture conditions. The sensitivity of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to bidirectional measurements was assessed for purposes of improving remote temporal monitoring of vegetation dynamics. The SAVI view angle response was found to be symmetric about nadir while the NDVI response was strongly anisotropic. This enabled the view angle behavior of the SAVI to be normalized with a cosine function. In contrast to the NDVI, the SAVI was able to minimize soil moisture and shadow influences for all measurement conditions.
Bridging the therapeutic continuum of drug development, regulation and use

The goals of any scholarly journal are to efficiently and elegantly archive and transmit information, integrate and synthesize knowledge and offer perspective. One requirement to achieve these obje...
A Two Surface Model for Transient Nonproportional Cyclic Plasticity, Part 2: Comparison of Theory With Experiments

For the two surface cyclic plasticity model introduced in Part 1, methods for determination of model parameters are described. The model is specialized to axial-torsional loading of a thin-walled tubular specimen, and applied to non-proportional, room-temperature cycling of type 304 stainless steel. Computer simulations for two complex histories show good general agreement with experimental data obtained by the author.
Interfacial Characterization with Spectrum-Lines and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Changes in the electron energy-loss near-edge fine structure (ELNES) of the O-K and Co-L edges have been characterized in cobalt oxide in the vicinity of a boundary between periclase-(CoO) and spinel- (Co3O4) structured phases. The data were acquired with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) equipped with an imaging filter and operated in spectrum-line mode. Independent spectral features were identified by multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) of the raw data. The MSA of the spectrum-image acquired at the Co-L edge indicated a transition over ∼ 12 nm in the spectral features at the phase boundary. The variation of the ELNES at the O-K edge varied appreciably only in the interface region, whereas that at the Co-L edge also indicated subtle gradients in both phases adjacent to the interface area. These gradients are consistent with a change in the average oxidation state of the cobalt cations in the vicinity of the interface. A second independent component of the ELNES was also identified at the Co-L edge. Possible interpretations of this second component are discussed.
Preschoolers' understanding of others' mental attitudes towards pretend happenings

One question about early understanding of the mind concerns when young children realize that pretence involves persons' thoughts or mental attitudes. Two experiments explored this understanding in 3- and 4-year-olds. In focal pretence tasks, children judged the thoughts of an absent puppet (Study 1) or person (Study 2) regarding a transformation of an initial pretence stipulation. For comparison, children completed a benchmark false belief task (Study 1) or a modified trick task (Study 2). Overall, children responded accurately when assessing another person's pretence-directed thoughts but less so when reasoning about someone else's beliefs. By age 3 years, children appropriately assessed others' thoughts towards pretend happenings, demonstrating that they view pretence as both mentalistic and subjective.
ON THE DIVISOR CLASS GROUP OF 3-FOLD SINGULARITIES

In this note we calculate the divisor class number of an isolated canonical singularity , which is assumed to be nondegenerate with respect to its Newton polyhedron, in terms of a suitable set of monomials whose residue classes form a basis for the Milnor algebra of f.
Multi-band, multi-mode, low-power CMOS receiver front-end for sub-GHz ISM/SRD band with narrow channel spacing

This paper presents a narrow channel bandwidth, ultra low power receiver front-end for 170/433/868/915/950 ISM/SRD bands with channel spacing down to 12.5kHz. A gm-boosted CG-CS current-reuse inductorless LNA provides high linearity and low current capability over wide bandwidth. Passive mixer implemented with non-overlapping clock waveforms reduces RF loading to the LNA, and reduces close in 1/f noise. The IF amplifier uses multi-tanh technique to achieve high linearity at low current consumption. The IC uses various power saving modes and achieves a 39dB voltage conversion gain, 6.5dB NF, −14dBm IIP3, 64dB adjacent channel selectivity at 12.5kHz offset, and 91dB blocker rejection at 10Mhz offset. The front-end consumes 2.8mA from 1.8V regulated supply using 180nm CMOS technology.
Illness as a crisis of meaning: Psycho-spiritual agendas in health care

The term “psychosocial” has come to refer to a host of issues in health care. Its wide, indiscriminate usage in referring to almost any non-biophysical aspect of illness obscures or distorts the experience of illness as a “crisis of meaning.” The term “psycho-spiritual agenda” is introduced to emphasize the problems of meaning associated with illness, and to avoid the potential reductionism, pathological skew, and interventionist bias of conventional “psychosocial” analyses of the illness experience.
Improving the Scalability of Data Center Networks with Traffic-aware Virtual Machine Placement

The scalability of modern data centers has become a practical concern and has attracted significant attention in recent years. In contrast to existing solutions that require changes in the network architecture and the routing protocols, this paper proposes using traffic-aware virtual machine (VM) placement to improve the network scalability. By optimizing the placement of VMs on host machines, traffic patterns among VMs can be better aligned with the communication distance between them, e.g. VMs with large mutual bandwidth usage are assigned to host machines in close proximity. We formulate the VM placement as an optimization problem and prove its hardness. We design a two-tier approximate algorithm that efficiently solves the VM placement problem for very large problem sizes. Given the significant difference in the traffic patterns seen in current data centers and the structural differences of the recently proposed data center architectures, we further conduct a comparative analysis on the impact of the traffic patterns and the network architectures on the potential performance gain of traffic-aware VM placement. We use traffic traces collected from production data centers to evaluate our proposed VM placement algorithm, and we show a significant performance improvement compared to existing general methods that do not take advantage of traffic patterns and data center network characteristics.
Synaptotagmin VII Regulates Ca2+-Dependent Exocytosis of Lysosomes in Fibroblasts

Synaptotagmins (Syts) are transmembrane proteins with two Ca2+-binding C2 domains in their cytosolic region. Syt I, the most widely studied isoform, has been proposed to function as a Ca2+ sensor in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Several of the twelve known Syts are expressed primarily in brain, while a few are ubiquitous (Sudhof, T.C., and J. Rizo. 1996. Neuron. 17: 379–388; Butz, S., R. Fernandez-Chacon, F. Schmitz, R. Jahn, and T.C. Sudhof. 1999. J. Biol. Chem. 274:18290–18296). The ubiquitously expressed Syt VII binds syntaxin at free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) below 10 μM, whereas other isoforms require 200–500 μM [Ca2+] or show no Ca2+-dependent syntaxin binding (Li, C., B. Ullrich, Z. Zhang, R.G.W. Anderson, N. Brose, and T.C. Sudhof. 1995. Nature. 375:594–599). We investigated the involvement of Syt VII in the exocytosis of lysosomes, which is triggered in several cell types at 1–5 μM [Ca2+] (Rodriguez, A., P. Webster, J. Ortego, and N.W. Andrews. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 137:93–104). Here, we show that Syt VII is localized on dense lysosomes in normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts, and that GFP-tagged Syt VII is targeted to lysosomes after transfection. Recombinant fragments containing the C2A domain of Syt VII inhibit Ca2+-triggered secretion of β-hexosaminidase and surface translocation of Lgp120, whereas the C2A domain of the neuronal- specific isoform, Syt I, has no effect. Antibodies against the Syt VII C2A domain are also inhibitory in both assays, indicating that Syt VII plays a key role in the regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosome exocytosis.
Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide Shunt MEMS Switches for Switched Line Phase Shifters

Switches with low insertion loss and high isolation are required for switched line phase shifters and for transmit/receive switches at the front end of communication systems. The design, fabrication, and characteristics of a Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) waveguide capacitive shunt MEMS switch implemented on high resistivity Silicon is presented. The switch has a measured insertion loss and return loss of less than 0.35 dB and greater than 11 dB respectively, over the frequency range of 3 to 50 GHz. The measured isolation is greater than 18 dB at 50 GHz.
The arrested gravel front: stable gravel-sand transitions in rivers Part 1: Simplified analytical solution

Most rivers exhibit a tendency for the characteristic size of'the bed material to become finer in the downstream direction. In addition, most river sediments also exhibit a paucity of material in the pea gravel range. Because of this paucity the transition in the downstream direction from a gravel-bed stream to a sand-bed stream is usually rather abrupt, and is often marked by a discontinuity in bed slope and stream morphology as well. If the front marking the gravel-sand transition is not to prograde continuously in the direction of the point at which base level is established, e.g. the ocean, then some mechanism must operate to arrest it in place. Here two such mechanisms are examined; abrasion of gravel and basin subsidence (or alternatively base level rise). It is found that either one or a combination of the two can act to stabilize the spatial location of the gravel-sand transition. The present paper is devoted to a simplified analytical solution to the problem that renders the structure of the form...
An imputed dissociation might be an artifact: Further evidence for the generalizability of the observations of Durgin et al. 2010

Abstract We recently showed that palm board measures are systematically inaccurate for full-cue surfaces within reach of one's hand, whereas free-hand gestures and reaching actions are quite accurate for such surfaces (Durgin, Hajnal, Li, Tonge, & Stigliani, 2010). Proffitt and Zadra (2010) claim that our demonstration that palm boards are highly inaccurate is irrelevant to interpreting past and present findings concerning dissociations between verbal reports and palm board estimates. In their paper they offer a theoretical representation of the findings of Bhalla and Proffitt (1999) and argue that our analysis is incompatible with their account. We offer here an alternative account of the findings of Bhalla and Proffitt, based on their actual data (which are fully compatible with our original analysis). We further show how our account generalizes to more recent studies that continue (1) to mistakenly describe null statistical effects on (insensitive) palm boards as evidence of a “dissociation” from (more sensitive) verbal measures that show a similar relative magnitude of change and (2) to introduce uncontrolled demand characteristics.
Exercise, cognition, and the aging brain

We provide a brief review of the literature on exercise effects on brain and cognition. To this end, we focus on both prospective and retrospective human epidemiological studies that have examined the influence of exercise and physical activity on cognition and dementia. We then examine the relatively small set of human randomized clinical trials that have, for the most part, focused on exercise training effects on cognition. Next, we discuss animal research that has examined the molecular, cellular, and behavioral effects of exercise training. Finally, we conclude with a summary and brief discussion of important future directions of research on fitness cognition and brain.
The American Legislative Process as a Signal

The signals of the American legislative process cannot be understood simply by focusing on the formal and technical processes of legislative drafting. Rather, it is important to appreciate the political and institutional dynamics which affect how and to whom signals are sent, and why some signals emerging from the legislative process are clearer than others. Legislative policymaking often does not conform to the textbook ideal of deliberation and clarity. By the way that legislation is drafted, through the use of legislative history and various materials, legislators send signals to agencies, courts, their colleagues and interest groups. How bills are drafted - tight or loose - gives institutions more or less authority to make policy. Accounting for the sometimes absence of clear direction in legislation in the American system, and the consequences of that absence for agencies and courts, raises questions in a comparative context about how the structure of government affects the signals of the legislative process.
Spatial and Environmental Variation in the Fossil Record of Drilling Predation: A Case Study from the Miocene of Central Europe

Abstract Drilling predation presents a rare opportunity to quantify ecological interactions in the fossil record. Most large-scale studies have focused on temporal rather than spatial patterns. However, spatial variability patterns may both mask secular trends and provide important insights into geographic and environmental gradients in predation. To explore spatial patterns in predation, bulk samples of mollusks were collected from middle Miocene (Burdigalian and Langhian) marine deposits of Europe, including multiple sites from two adjacent bioprovinces: the Boreal Province and Paratethys. Two facies were sampled: fine-grained and coarse-grained siliciclastics. The sampling scheme allows for a comparison of drilling predation at the local scale (within provinces), regional scale (between provinces), and between facies (within and between provinces). In the Miocene of Europe, statistically significant spatial variations in drilling-predation patterns occur locally, regionally, and among facies (these var...
Calcium supplementation in chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: There is high prevalence of calcium supplementation in the general population and some recent data suggest that this may increase the risk of vascular calcification. Calcium-based binders have been a standard treatment for hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Though as effective as phosphate binders, they provide a source of substantial calcium intake.Areas covered: In addition to the balance studies recently completed to assess the implications of calcium loading in CKD, we also review observational studies and clinical trials involving calcium-based binders. Clinically significant endpoints such as vascular calcification, mortality and bone morphology were evaluated. The existing data are concerning for the role of calcium supplementation and calcium binder use in patients with renal compromise.Expert opinion: There are few guidelines on advised calcium intake in patients with renal failure; however, on the basis of existing data, it may be safer to have the upp...
Association of hematuria on microscopic urinalysis and risk of urinary tract cancer

Purpose: We determined the incidence of urinary tract cancer in patients with hematuria, stratified risk by age, gender and hematuria degree, and examined current best policy recommendations.Materials and Methods: We performed a large, retrospective population based cohort study of patients who underwent microscopic urinalysis during 2004 and 2005 in a large managed care organization. Patients were followed for 3 years for urinary tract cancer.Results: We identified 772,002 patients who underwent urinalysis during the study period. After exclusions due to previous hematuria, age less than 18 years, pregnancy, urinary tract infection, inpatient status and prior urinary tract cancer 309,402 patients were available for analysis, of whom 156,691 had hematuria. The overall 3-year incidence of urinary tract cancer in those with hematuria was 0.68%. Older age (greater than 40 years OR 17.0, 95% CI 11.2–25.7), greater hematuria (greater than 25 red blood cells per high power field OR 4.0, 95% CI 3.5–4.5) and male...
Autonomous Identification and Quantification of Chemical Species with VCAM for use Onboard the ISS

The vehicle cabin atmosphere monitor (VCAM) instrument is designed to autonomously detect and identify trace organic species in the international space station (ISS) cabin air and monitor changes in species concentrations over time after chemical events. The physical instrument is comprised of two subsystems. The first subsystem is a preconcentrator gas chromatograph (PCGC) which separates chemical analytes in time, based on compound specific properties such as molecular weight. The second subsystem is a Mass Spectrometer (MS) which measures the abundance of ionized analytes, separated in the GC phase, at specific mass-to-charge ratios. The VCAM PCGC/MS produces a time-series of mass fractionation patterns, indicative of the chemical compounds present, which is used for subsequent compound detection, identification, and quantification. In order to autonomously identify and quantify chemical species from the PGGC/MS data, VCAM employs a variant of the de-facto industry standard automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system (AMDIS) algorithm developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). AMDIS was chosen first for its superior performance, when compared to a neural network classifier developed in-house and a proprietary, third-party, commercial algorithm, and second for its reputation within the mass spectrometry community. In this paper we provide an overview of AMDIS, including GC peak identification and spectral matching, as well our variations and additions to the core algorithm for performing mass calibration beforehand and species quantification afterward. We also discuss some of the challenges faced creating an independent implementation of AMDIS for delivery to VCAM flight software. Testing our algorithm, both individual components and in its entirety, was a particularly challenging, as the VCAM instrument was still in development and only periodically able to produce validation datasets.
Assessing mechanical integrity of spinal fusion by in situ endochondral osteoinduction in the murine model

Background: Historically, radiographs, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) exams, palpation and histology have been used to assess fusions in a mouse spine. The objective of this study was to develop a faster, cheaper, reproducible test to directly quantify the mechanical integrity of spinal fusions in mice. Methods: Fusions were induced in ten mice spine using a previously described technique of in situ endochondral ossification, harvested with soft tissue, and cast in radiolucent alginate material for handling. Using a validated software package and a customized mechanical apparatus that flexed and extended the spinal column, the amount of intervertebral motion between adjacent vertebral discs was determined with static flexed and extended lateral spine radiographs. Micro-CT images of the same were also blindly reviewed for fusion.
Friendly Habitat, Endangered Species: Ecological Theory and the Demise of a High School Mandarin Program

This article presents a case study examining the demise of a high school Mandarin language program in a school district that appeared to offer an exceptionally friendly habitat for its survival. Though members of the school board majority who voted against funding the program offered rational explanations for their decision (e.g., insufficient fiscal and human resources), other case evidence revealed the influence of emerging political polarization. Using policy ecology theory and event ecology analytic lenses, evidence indicated the fundamental cause of program failure to be political climate change within the district ecosystem resulting from years of community conflict over a high school renovation proposal. The climate shift led to the election of a factionalized school board, whose first budgetary action was to cancel funding for the Mandarin program, despite its popularity and established position within district strategic planning. We argue that much present and prior theory on organizational action lacks the dynamic perspective necessary to account for the type of climate and policy changes described in the present case. Our study thus highlights the usefulness of ecological theory in understanding the threats posed to small yet valued policy species by emerging, politically toned policy streams, school board factionalism, and ideological
An efficient algorithm for hidden surface removal

We give an efficient, randomized hidden surface removal algorithm, with the best time complexity so far. A distinguishing feature of this algorithm is that the expected time spent by this algorithm on junctions which are at the "obstruction level" l, with respect to the viewer, is inversely proportional to l. This provably holds for any input, regardless of the way in which faces are located in the scene, because the expectation is with respect to randomization in the algorithm, and does not depend on the input. In practice, this means that the time complexity is roughly proportional to the size of the actually visible output times logarithm of the average depth complexity of the scene (this logarithm is very small generally).
Effects of Prescribed Weight-Training and Basketball Programs on Selected Basketball Skill Test Scores:

Summary.-To determine the effeas of prescribed weight-training exercises and a prescribed basketball program on scores of four AAHPER basketball skill tests each of 76 seventh grade students ac a junior high school participated on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for 16 class periods in one of three programs (weight-training, basketball, and regular physical education). (a) On the front shot, a significant difference was found between the basketball group and the weight-training group, in favor of the former. (b) No other significant differences were found among the three groups on the other skill tests, speed pass, jump and reach, and dribble. Much research has been conducted on the effects of weight-training on athletic performance. However, the effects of weight-training on the performance of basketball skills by junior high school students has received relatively little attention. McCloy (1934) indicated a belief that development of the upper limbs would improve the performance of athletes and that such development should be promoted early in the life of a student. Chui (1950) found that exposure to a systematic, well-planned weight-training program increased power for the standing Sargent jump, running Sargent jump, and standing broad jump. Berger (1963) studied the effects of strength improvement on vertical jumping ability and concluded that dynamic overload training was more effective than static overload training or training by jumping vertically. Schultz ( 1967), however, found that (a) for improvement in broad jumping, direct practice of broad jumping, alone or with repetitive sprinting or weight-training, was significantly better than weight-training alone and (b) for improvement in a zigzag run, direct practice of the run was more effective than both weight-training and competitive sprinting. Bangerter (1968) noted significant improvement in the vertical jump for trained groups from strengthened knee and/or hip extensors.
SLA and the Emergence of Creoles.

Although the emergence of creoles presupposes naturalistic SLA, current SLA scholarship does not shed much light on the development of creoles with regard to the population-internal mechanisms that produce normalization and autonomization from the creoles’ lexifiers. This is largely due to the fact that research on SLA is focused on individuals rather than on communities of speakers producing their own separate norms, whereas genetic creolistics deals precisely with this particular aspect of language change and speciation. It is not enough to prove that transfer from the first to the second language is possible and can evolve into substrate influence on the emergent vernaculars—transfer is not ineluctable and varies from one learner to another. Additionally, how and why particular features of some speakers spread to a whole population (or to parts thereof), whereas others do not, must be accounted for. Consistent with colonial socioeconomic history, the gradual emergence of creoles suggests a complex evolution that cannot be accounted for with simplistic invocations of either interlanguage or relexification. This article presents limitations in the cross-pollination that has been expected from genetic creolistics and research on SLA.
Summation of Session 1

I would like to make a few comments about the earliest talks in the day. The later talks in the day concentrated on TS and the effects of dUMP, FdUMP, and various factors related to TS. What the earlier talks point out is that there is a real need to be looking at earlier steps. The transport of CF, for example, and the activation reaction, both have to be considered. As Dave Duch pointed out, for example, his particular cell line seems to be unable to be modulated because it does not activate CF and that could potentially be a mechanism of intrinsic resistance to this kind of modulation phenomenon and I think that should be looked at in more detail. In terms of the transport, the pharmacokinetic data show the 6R-isomer remains at very high levels in the plasma as the natural isomer falls, so that ratio becomes very high. There needs to be more work in looking at the effects of the 6R-isomer and Dr. Rustum, in fact, is interested in doing some of those studies as are some other groups. In terms of the activation, there were two pathways described and I think most people seem to think that the methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase is the one primarily responsible for the effect of CF in these combinations, but the other pathway has not been ruled out yet. An interesting aspect to examine is whether both of those pathways are important or only one of them. In terms of a basic biochemical question, at least two groups reported the normal occurrence of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate which had previously been thought to be an artifact of isolation procedures. Since we don’t have a reaction that uses 5-formyltetrahydrofolate I think it would be interesting to determine the function of that pool. A storage role was postulated, but the levels are very low; it seems that if you were going to store something you’d store higher levels than the minor amount that was reported. The transport and the activation, the steps prior to TS, deserve more investigation.
Neurochemical asymmetries in the albino rat's cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens

The concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the right and left cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens of adult Purdue-Wistar rats. There was more DA in the right cortex and accumbens and a greater concentration of NE in the left striatum. There is more 5-HT in the left striatum and right accumbens, more 5-HIAA in the left cortex, as well as a greater 5-HT turnover in the left accumbens. These results are considered in the light of previous findings concerning the relationship of neurochemical asymmetries and behavioral lateralization.
The heredity-environment continuum: a systems analysis.

We hope to make four points in this metabolic and biochemical analysis of the heredity-environment continuum: first, that metabolic transitions such as differentiation and aging result from the interaction of multiple critical or rate-limiting events; second, that it is necessary to understand these complex interactions in vivo in order to have a rational basis for influencing them; third, that such an understanding must involve a dynamic systems analysis; and fourth, that such an analysis is possible with our present knowledge of biochemistry and computer technology.
Celebrity Biometrics: Norms, New Materialism, and the Agentic Body in Cosmetic Surgery Photography

AbstractThis article offers a critical reading of celebrity media to examine new understandings of the body. Reviewing before-and-after cosmetic surgery images, I argue that celebrity photography surfaces a dual tendency. The body of cosmetic surgery is often conceived as inert raw material, the passive recipient of technological modification. On the other hand the body is also seen as active and unpredictable, in ways that correspond to new materialist understandings of the body. These understandings take shape alongside a biometric dynamic that has made its way into celebrity media as well, one that promises to decode the surgically transformed body. Acknowledging that the body is agentic—lively and willful in its own right, and thus subject to change in ways that both sustain and destabilize normative standards—opens out new perspectives on cosmetic surgery and other body modification practices.
Corona Ellipses

The purpose of this investigation is to give a mathematical theory of the cyclograms of corona obtained by a cathoderay oscillograph. In the case investigated a long wire of small diameter is connected to one terminal of an a-c. source; the other terminal of the source is connected to a concentric cylinder of considerable diameter or to a metal plate at some distance from the wire. A cathoderay oscillograph with two pairs of deflecting plates, at right angles to each other, is so connected that one pair of plates causes deflections of the cathode beam proportional to the values of instantaneous voltage of the source, and the other pair of plates causes deflections proportional to the instantaneous values of the charging and loss current flowing into the wire. As long as the sinusoidal amplitude of the applied voltage is below the visual corona point, the charging current is also sinusoidal, in time quadrature with the voltage. The oscillograph record is therefore an ellipse, with the amplitudes of the voltage and the current as the principal semiaxes. When, however, the minimum ionization voltage is exceeded during a part of each alternation, the cyclogram ceases to be an ellipse, but consists of four portions per cycle, two of which correspond to the intervals of time during which the corona is extinct, and the other two when corona is present, with quite short transients in between. F. W. Peek (A. I. E. E. TRANS., Vol. XLVI, 1927, p.
Frequency Effects on the Efficiency of the Aerodynamic Plasma Actuator

We present the results of temporally- and spatially-resolved neutral density measurements and direct measurements of force produced by the aerodynamic plasma actuator (a dielectric barrier discharge plasma in which an asymmetric arrangement of electrodes leads to momentum coupling into neutral air). Specifically, we make measurements of low-duty-cycle plasma discharges that, although not practical for operational use of the device, yield insight into the mechanism of the actuator's operation and the relationship between the charged/neutral particle interactions and the overall inertia of the neutral fluid. Our measurements indicate that the momentum coupling between the charged particles in the plasma and the neutral particles in the air occurs on timescales much shorter than that for the bulk fluid motion. As a consequence, we conclude that in terms of modeling the fluid flow, it is sufficient to treat the actuator as a heat and momentum input into a small control volume, or even as an input on a boundary, depending on the scale size of the model in question. Nonetheless, our measurements of force production on different waveforms indicate that the amount of momentum coupled to the fluid is a strong function of the details of the plasma discharge.
Mutants of Gossypium hirsutum: Effect on Pink Bollworm in Arizona

Several mutants in upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., sustained less seed damage from pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), than the check cultivars ‘Deltapine 16’, ‘Deltapine 61’, ‘Stoneville 7A’, and ‘Stoneville 213’. These mutants were as follows: glabrous, early-maturing, high-terpenoid (gossypol and related compounds), Okra-leaf and Super Okra-leaf. Earlier studies had shown that glabrous, nectariless, glabrous-nectariless, and highly pubescent mutants, and an upland cotton of complex background (AET-5), had sustained less seed damage than the check cultivars. Cottons having as much as or more seed damage than checks were Red plant, late-maturing, glandless, and frego-bract, and also strains carrying exotic cytoplasms from 6 other Gossypium spp. Practically all the cottons tested that showed resistance to PBW were earlier maturing and yielded less lint than the check cultivars. Exceptions were: ‘Westburn M’, slightly earlier, with significantly lower seed damage, and with a slightly lower lint yield the 1st season but a significantly higher yield the 2nd season; ‘DES 56’, significantly earlier, with slightly lower seed damage, and with a comparable lint yield the 1st season, and a significantly higher lint yield the 2nd season; and Stoneville 7A Okra-leaf, significantly earlier, with significantly less seed damage, and with slightly lower lint yields. No single character reduced seed damage sufficiently to be adequate for PBW control.
A Biography of the Angoumois Grain Moth

About two hundred years ago Monsieur Baron, a physician in the Commune of Lucon in the Province of Poitu (the Departments of Vendee, Deux-Sevres, and Vienne of modern France), discovered that the barley in his granary was giving rise to many active little buff-colored moths. Wishing to know more about these strange insects, the doctor made observations of their habits and also sent specimens for identification to Monsieur R. A. F. de Reaumur, the celebrated naturalist and inventor. M. de Reaumur proceeded to study their activities and structure, and later included an account of his findings in his well-known Memoires pour Servir a l'Histoire des Insectes , published in Paris, 1734 to 1736.
Deposition of ordered two-phase materials using microfluidic print nozzles with acoustic focusing

The deposition of multiphase materials with microstructural control would enable new fabrication modalities, such as spatial variation in composition and the integration of microstructure and structural features. In this work, acoustically-excited microfluidic print nozzles were used to tailor the microstructure of printed composite filaments consisting of SiC fibers, solid BaTiO3 spheres, or hollow SiO2 spheres in an epoxy matrix. The results demonstrate that acoustic focusing is a promising technique to control microparticles and deposit two-phase ordered structures using a single nozzle. In addition to tuning the microstructure within a single print line, the overall concentration of particles can be increased by focusing the particle stream in a branched geometry, enabling the deposition of material with higher particle volume fractions than the initial ink composition. We show that even modest volume fractions of acoustically-focused and concentrated SiC fibers can produce printed composite filaments with unprecedented control over microstructural ordering that exhibit strengths rivaling polymer-matrix composites with higher volume fractions of stiffer fibers.