cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EI: A Program for Ecological Inference

The program EI provides a method of inferring individual behavior from aggregate data. It implements the statistical procedures, diagnostics, and graphics from the book A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data (King 1997). Ecological inference, as traditionally defined, is the process of using aggregate (i.e., "ecological") data to infer discrete individual-level relationships of interest when individual-level data are not available. Ecological inferences are required in political science research when individual-level surveys are unavailable (e.g., local or comparative electoral politics), unreliable (racial politics), insufficient (political geography), or infeasible (political history). They are also required in numerous areas of ma jor significance in public policy (e.g., for applying the Voting Rights Act) and other academic disciplines ranging from epidemiology and marketing to sociology and quantitative history.
Changes in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 and -2 in the macaque corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle

To determine the temporal expression of vascular growth factors during the lifespan of the primate corpus luteum, experiments were designed to detect mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2 and to localize protein expression for VEGF in macaque luteal tissue during the menstrual cycle. Corpora lutea (n 3–5/stage) were collected during the early (3–5 days post-luteinizing hormone surge), mid- (6–8 days), mid-late (10–12 days), and late (14–16 days) luteal phase and at menstruation (17–18 days). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products equated to cDNA for VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 in all corpora lutea. VEGF mRNA levels increased (P < 0.05) from early to mid-luteal phase and declined in the late luteal phase and at menstruation. Immunostaining for VEGF was detected in the cytoplasm of steroidogenic luteal cells, with the most intense staining in the early luteal phase. Ang-1 and Ang-2 mRNA expression was low in the early to mid-luteal phase but increased (P < 0.05) at late luteal phase before declining at menstruation. These data suggest transcriptional control of VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2, as well as post-transcriptional control of VEGF, in macaque corpus luteum. Dynamic expression of angiogenic/angiostatic factors appears critical for development, maintenance and regression of the luteal microvasculature during the menstrual cycle.
Nectaring by Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

Abstract Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) are a conspicuous component of the fauna of Nearctic deserts, but little is known about their natural history. We observed a nocturnal aggregation of female velvet ants on the dune-restricted plant Croton californicus var. mohavensis (Euphorbiaceae). We collected 44 female velvet ants on or directly beneath a group of male and female plants during 2 nights. Some individuals were on flowers drinking nectar. The discovery of nocturnal velvet ants on C. californicus marks the first record of nectaring in nocturnal female velvet ants.
Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils, bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal diversity gradient

Latitudinal diversity gradients are underlain by complex combinations of origination, extinction, and shifts in geographic distribution and therefore are best analyzed by integrating paleontological and neontological data. The fossil record of marine bivalves shows, in three successive late Cenozoic time slices, that most clades (operationally here, genera) tend to originate in the tropics and then expand out of the tropics (OTT) to higher latitudes while retaining their tropical presence. This OTT pattern is robust both to assumptions on the preservation potential of taxa and to taxonomic revisions of extant and fossil species. Range expansion of clades may occur via “bridge species,” which violate climate-niche conservatism to bridge the tropical-temperate boundary in most OTT genera. Substantial time lags (∼5 Myr) between the origins of tropical clades and their entry into the temperate zone suggest that OTT events are rare on a per-clade basis. Clades with higher diversification rates within the tropics are the most likely to expand OTT and the most likely to produce multiple bridge species, suggesting that high speciation rates promote the OTT dynamic. Although expansion of thermal tolerances is key to the OTT dynamic, most latitudinally widespread species instead achieve their broad ranges by tracking widespread, spatially-uniform temperatures within the tropics (yielding, via the nonlinear relation between temperature and latitude, a pattern opposite to Rapoport’s rule). This decoupling of range size and temperature tolerance may also explain the differing roles of species and clade ranges in buffering species from background and mass extinctions.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Long Bone in an Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review

Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most common sarcomas of childhood. It usually arises in the soft tissues but may involve bone by several different mechanisms, includ ing direct extension, metastatic spread, as a component of dedifferentiated chondrosar coma or malignant mesenchymoma, or as a primary tumor. Only nine cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of bone have been previously reported, many of them not well documented. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the femur in a 68-year-old woman are presented. Also discussed are the different aspects of skeletal muscle differentiation in bone tumors and the possible explanation for the rarity of primary skeletal rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Surg Pathol 1(4):253-260, 1994
TU-D-204C-04: Machine Learning as New Tool for Predicting Radiotherapy Response

Radiotherapy outcomes are determined by complex interactions between treatment techniques, cancerpathology, and patient‐related physiological and biological factors. A common obstacle to building maximally predictive treatment outcome models for clinical practice in radiation oncology is the failure to capture this complexity of heterogeneous variable interactions and the ability to apply outcome models across different multi‐institutional data. Methods based on machine learning can identify data patterns, variable interactions, and higher order relationships among prognostic variables. In addition, they have the ability to generalize to unseen data before. In this work, we will provide an overview of the current role of machine learning methods for predicting post‐radiotherapy tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue toxicities (NTCP). We will discuss some of the current challenges in the field and highlight the potential opportunities of machine learning methods for future treatment outcomes research in radiation oncology.
Multilevel summation of electrostatic potentials using graphics processing units

Physical and engineering practicalities involved in microprocessor design have resulted in flat performance growth for traditional single-core microprocessors. The urgent need for continuing increases in the performance of scientific applications requires the use of many-core processors and accelerators such as graphics processing units (GPUs). This paper discusses GPU acceleration of the multilevel summation method for computing electrostatic potentials and forces for a system of charged atoms, which is a problem of paramount importance in biomolecular modeling applications. We present and test a new GPU algorithm for the long-range part of the potentials that computes a cutoff pair potential between lattice points, essentially convolving a fixed 3D lattice of ''weights'' over all sub-cubes of a much larger lattice. The implementation exploits the different memory subsystems provided on the GPU to stream optimally sized data sets through the multiprocessors. We demonstrate for the full multilevel summation calculation speedups of up to 26 using a single GPU and 46 using multiple GPUs, enabling the computation of a high-resolution map of the electrostatic potential for a system of 1.5 million atoms in under 12s.
Predicting decline and survival in severe acute brain injury: the fourth trajectory

Illness trajectories depicting how function declines to death with certain diseases, such as cancer, can help with palliative care. Creutzfeldt and colleagues propose a fourth trajectory is needed for patients with severe acute brain injury to improve decision making and standards of care
Use Alteration: Carbon Deposition

Building on the work of Hally (1983a), this chapter discusses the processes that govern carbon deposition on pottery. This includes a discussion of the carbon patterns on Kalinga cooking vessels and an exploration of the factors that are important in this process. Several experiments are performed to determine how factors such as distance to fire, type of wood, and the presence of moisture affect carbon deposition.
Analysis for supporting real-time computer vision workloads using OpenVX on multicore+GPU platforms

In the automotive industry, there is currently great interest in utilizing computer vision algorithms to support driver-assist and autonomous-control features. OpenVX is an emerging standard for supporting workloads in which such algorithms are applied. OpenVX uses a graph-based software architecture designed to enable efficient computation on heterogeneous platforms that may include CPUs, graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and other accelerators. Unfortunately, in settings where real-time constraints exist, the usage of OpenVX poses certain challenges. In a recent paper, the authors presented a new implementation of OpenVX directed at platforms comprised of CPUs and GPUs that leverages various analytical techniques to enable these challenges to be addressed. In this paper, these analytical techniques are presented and discussed in detail. These techniques enable end-to-end frame processing times to be analytically bounded under OpenVX while encouraging parallelism through pipelining. Additionally, they enable bounds on frame buffering requirements to be determined.
Some Experiments with a Convex IBM Model 2

Using a recent convex formulation of IBM Model 2, we propose a new initialization scheme which has some favorable comparisons to the standard method of initializing IBM Model 2 with IBM Model 1. Additionally, we derive the Viterbi alignment for the convex relaxation of IBM Model 2 and show that it leads to better F-Measure scores than those of IBM Model 2.
Parkour-related death: case report and review of the literature

Closely related to free running, parkour is a running sport that aims to traverse the environment as efficiently as possible, and may involve such stunt-like maneuvers as jumping over urban obstacl...
World Food and Agricultural Potentialities

STIMATES of world agricultural potentialities can be approached from several points of view. The problem is so complex that it must be broken down into smaller units, by countries and groups of countries, and into smaller functional pieces. Yet we know that what happens in any one country depends on the questions of war or peace and of stagnation or prosperity in other countries. We can try to limit our inquiry to the basic physical and biological potentialities for abundance. What kinds of soil do we have, what will they produce, by what means, and how much? The results of such inquiries suggest that we still have great unused soil resources. Although we need to start with such raw data they do not tell us very much about actual potentialities within the real world we see around us. Agricultural production results from management applied to the soil. We cannot say that it is primarily due to the one or primarily to the other. Some kinds of soil are not suited to production of food and fiber under any known system of management. Many soils are clearly suited to such use, but yields vary widely, even several fold, according to management. Then too, a large part of our soils are essentially useless for crops as we find them in their natural state but can be made highly productive with the skillful application of capital inputs. Above all, we must continually recall that our agricultural production, whatever it is, results from millions and millions of decisions made by individual farm families all over the world, using many hundreds of thousands of unique kinds of soil. A few years ago my associates and I suggested some rough estimates of potential world food production (in Food, Soil, and People. UNESCO, Food and People, Ser. No. 6, 64 pp. New York. 1950). We reached the conclusion that by assuming the general use of practices already being used by good farmers occupying the various kinds of soil the acreage of cropland could be increased by a little over 50 percent, say from 2% billion acres to about 3S or 4 billion acres. Although a part of this increase lies in the temperate or cool-temperate region, such as the United States, Canada, and northern Europe, most of it lies in the Tropics, especially in South America and Africa and in some of the larger islands. In the Peace River Country of northern Alberta alone a
Twinning effects on strength and plasticity of metallic materials

Twins are domain crystals inside their parent crystals, where they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The formation and growth of twins result in substantial evolution of microstructures and properties in a large variety of metallic materials. Twin boundaries that separate two crystals effectively strengthen the material by impeding mobile dislocations, and increase the ductility and work-hardening capability of metallic materials. The articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin overview the synthesis and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metallic materials, as well as plasticity dominated by mechanical twinning.
Optical Properties of a Dispersively-Coupled High Finesse Cavity and Micromechanical Membrane

The linear optical properties of a dispersively coupled high finesse cavity and a micromechanical membrane with high mechanical quality factor Q are studied. We demonstrated a system with 150,000 cavity finesse and 106 mechanical Q.
Petrogenesis of coeval sodic and potassic alkaline magmas at Spanish Peaks, Colorado: Magmatism related to the opening of the Rio Grande rift

Abstract Approximately coeval, relatively primitive (∼5–10% MgO with exception of a trachyandesite) alkaline mafic dikes and sills at or near Spanish Peaks, CO are divided into relatively sodic and potassic varieties on the basis of K 2 O/Na 2 O. Many of these dikes are true lamprophyres. In spite of variable alkali element ratios, the alkaline rocks share a number of geochemical similarities: high LIL element contents, high Ba and similar Sr, Nd and Hf isotope ratios near that of Bulk Earth. One important difference is that the potassic rocks are characterized by lower Al 2 O 3 contents, typically less than 12 wt.%, than the sodic dikes/sills which typically have more than 13 wt.% Al 2 O 3 , and this difference is independent of MgO content. We attribute the distinct Al 2 O 3 contents to varying pressure during melting: a mica-bearing, Al-poor vein assemblage for the potassic magmas melted at higher pressure than an aluminous amphibole-bearing vein assemblage for the sodic magmas. Remarkable isotopic and trace element similarities with approximately contemporaneous, nearby Rio Grande rift-related basalts in the San Luis Valley, indicate that the magmatism at Spanish Peaks was rift-related, and that lithosphere sources were shared between some rift magmas and those at Spanish Peaks. High Zn/Fe ratios in the Spanish Peaks mafic rocks point to a clinopyroxene- and garnet-rich source such as lithosphere veined by pyroxenite or eclogite. Lithospheric melting was possibly triggered by foundering of cool, dense lithosphere beneath the Rio Grande rift during the initiation of rifting with the potassic parent magmas generated by higher pressure melting of the foundered lithosphere than the sodic parent magmas. This process, caused by gravitational instability of the lithosphere (Elkins-Tanton, 2007) may be common beneath active continental rifts.
19 THE INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background The risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic inflammation associated with RA may promote an increased risk of both CV risk factors and outcomes (CV morbidity and mortality). The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of CV risk factors among subjects with RA compared to those without RA, both at the time of RA diagnosis and during the disease course. Methods We examined an already assembled retrospective population-based incidence cohort of all Rochester, MN, residents with RA (defined according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria) first diagnosed between 1955 and 1995, and an age and sex matched non-RA cohort. Each subject in the non-RA cohort was assigned an index date corresponding to the RA incidence date (baseline) of their matched RA patient. All subjects were followed up longitudinally through their complete (inpatient, outpatient) medical records beginning at age 18 years (or migration to Rochester), until death, migration, or January 1st, 2001. CV risk factors (i.e. smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, body mass index) were defined using established criteria. Chi-square tests were used to compare the frequency of each CV risk factor at baseline. The incidence rate of each CV risk factor during follow-up was estimated using person-years methods and the rate ratios (RR) were obtained, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) estimated using an F approximation. Results The study population included 603 RA and 603 non-RA subjects. At baseline, RA subjects were significantly more likely to have been former or current smokers compared with non-RA subjects (p Conclusions While many of the traditional CV risk factors were similar among RA compared with non-RA subjects, there were notable differences, esp. regarding the impact of dyslipidemia, smoking and BMI. The overall impact of risk factors for CV disease among persons with RA may differ in important ways when compared with the general population.
Analysis on Epidemiology Tendency and Prediction of Scarlet Fever in Nanning

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and tendency of scarlet fever in Nanning,and provide evidence for its control.Methods Epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Nanning from 2004 to 2010 was analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.Epidemiological tendency was predicted by autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA).Results From 2004 to 2010,he average annual incidence rate of scarlet fever was 0.86/100000,and the incidence showed decreasing tendency.The incidence was high in winter and spring.The two peak stages occurred from November to January and from March to May every year.The ratio of male to female was 1.58:1.98.72%of cases were students and children,and 72.05%of cases were children aged 3～7 years.Incidence of urban area was higher than that of county area.Predict incidence is low by ARIMA analysis from 2011 to 2013. Conclusions Kindergartens and schools are the environment with high risk of scarlet fever.Students and kindergartens are focus groups for prevention and control.The surveillance in schools and kindergartens should be further strengthened,and health education must be carried out to reduce the morbidity.
[Neuroblastic migration: embryological aspects and mechanisms].

INTRODUCTION The migration of immature neurons of the cerebrum is genetically programmed from the primitive neuroepithelium before the end of the final mitotic cycle. The orientation of the mitotic spindle determines when a neuroepithelial cell is ready to start migration and the proportion of major genetic material it is destined to receive. DEVELOPMENT The gene LIS1, defective in lissencephaly type 1 of Miller and Dieker, is expressed in the neuroepithelial cells, in the ependyma and the Cajal-Retzius neurons. These transitory fetal cells are the first neurons of the cerebral cortex. Most of the neurons of the cortical plate arrive by means of glial radial cells which guide them towards their destination. Cell adhesion molecules from the neuroblasts themselves, the glial radial cell, the extracellular matrix and perhaps the ependymal cells are important in adhering the neuroblasts to the glial radial cells. Genetic deficiency of these molecules results in defective migration. The mechanism of cellular movement is still not fully understood. Disorders of migration may also be induced by non-genetic factors, such as infarcts or other lesions which damage or destroy the glial radial fibres during the fetal period.
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research

Blending quantitative and qualitative methods is an approach to studying organizational phenomena that seeks to leverage the strengths and compensate for the weaknesses of each method that is used separately. Notably, quantitative data offer greater objectivity and precision but lack richness, while qualitative data provide insight about mechanisms but bring subjectivity. Selecting the appropriate method for a given research question is an essential skill for organizational researchers. High-quality research involves a good fit between the methods used and the nature of the contribution to the literature. This article describes a contingency framework that relates the state of prior theory and research to the design of a current research project, paying particular attention to when to mix qualitative and quantitative data. Whereas contributions to mature literatures are best made with quantitative methods, and contribute to nascent literature’s call for qualitative data, intermediate research is best served by a mix of both approaches.
A Diverse Set of Single-domain Antibodies (VHHs) against the Anthrax Toxin Lethal and Edema Factors Provides a Basis for Construction of a Bispecific Agent That Protects against Anthrax Infection *

Infection with Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, can lead to persistence of lethal secreted toxins in the bloodstream, even after antibiotic treatment. VHH single-domain antibodies have been demonstrated to neutralize diverse bacterial toxins both in vitro and in vivo, with protein properties such as small size and high stability that make them attractive therapeutic candidates. Recently, we reported on VHHs with in vivo activity against the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxins. Here, we characterized a new set of 15 VHHs against the anthrax toxins that act by binding to the edema factor (EF) and/or lethal factor (LF) components. Six of these VHHs are cross-reactive against both EF and LF and recognize the N-terminal domain (LFN, EFN) of their target(s) with subnanomolar affinity. The cross-reactive VHHs block binding of EF/LF to the protective antigen C-terminal binding interface, preventing toxin entry into the cell. Another VHH appears to recognize the LF C-terminal domain and exhibits a kinetic effect on substrate cleavage by LF. A subset of the VHHs neutralized against EF and/or LF in murine macrophage assays, and the neutralizing VHHs that were tested improved survival of mice in a spore model of anthrax infection. Finally, a bispecific VNA (VHH-based neutralizing agent) consisting of two linked toxin-neutralizing VHHs, JMN-D10 and JMO-G1, was fully protective against lethal anthrax spore infection in mice as a single dose. This set of VHHs should facilitate development of new therapeutic VNAs and/or diagnostic agents for anthrax.
Feminization of Poverty

The feminization of poverty refers to a series of arguments about the gendered nature of poverty, which vary by author. They usually refer to women being poorer than men and to women heads of households being poorer than other types of women or men who are heads of households. The debates around the nature of the feminization of poverty have led to a rich debate that remains unresolved. Feminist social scientists have pointed out the need to refine the arguments that support the feminization of poverty thesis, to contextualize statistical analysis of poverty, and to include the interaction of gender with other variables such as race and ethnicity to improve their analysis. Keywords: family structure; poverty; women
Distinct role of IL-1β in instigating disease in Sharpin cpdm mice

Mice deficient in SHARPIN (Sharpincpdm mice), a member of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), develop severe dermatitis associated with systemic inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that components of the TNF-signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1R signaling are required to provoke skin inflammation in Sharpincpdm mice. However, whether IL-1α or IL-1β, both of which signals through IL-1R, instigates skin inflammation and systemic disease is not known. Here, we have performed extensive cellular analysis of pre-diseased and diseased Sharpincpdm mice and demonstrated that cellular dysregulation precedes skin inflammation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a specific role for IL-1β, but not IL-1α, in instigating dermatitis in Sharpincpdm mice. Our results altogether demonstrate distinct roles of SHARPIN in initiating systemic inflammation and dermatitis. Furthermore, skin inflammation in Sharpincpdm mice is specifically modulated by IL-1β, highlighting the importance of specific targeted therapies in the IL-1 signaling blockade.
Models of Caries Formation around Dental Composite Restorations.

The main reason cited for the replacement of dental composite restorations is the recurrence of caries. Numerous models—both in vitro, with acid gels or bacterial biofilms, and in situ, with dental...
Mourning and memory in the twittersphere

AbstractEmerging work in the field of social media and mourning suggests that social media spaces have changed the landscape of grief by encouraging mourners to form communities online, post public statements about loss, and maintain continuing bonds with the deceased. While existing studies restrict their analyses to public or private online spaces, we examine a space that is suited to both private communication and information broadcast. In this paper, we analyse mentions of deceased Twitter users and find that Twitter facilitates multiple types of mourning behaviours previously identified in isolation within other online spaces. While some Twitter users engage directly with the deceased and display evidence of continuing bonds, others use Twitter to comment on the death of high profile individuals or individuals whose death sparked their interest – often connecting these deaths to broader topics, including current events and calls for social change. Overall, our findings suggest that Twitter is a uniqu...
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis: Support for a Foregone Conclusion?:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is generally accepted as the definitive treatment for advanced knee arthritis after patients fail nonoperative treatments; however, the safety and efficacy of TKA compared to continued nonoperative treatment has never been proven in high-quality, randomized controlled trials. Recently, a 2015 Danish study published a 12-month follow-up on a cohort of patients randomized to either a TKA or continued nonsurgical management for advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). The authors reported significantly greater improvement in the TKA group in functional outcome scores such as the overall Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4 score), the KOOS subscales, EQ-5D descriptive index, and timed get up-and-go and 20-m walk tests; however, patients in the TKA did suffer significantly more serious adverse events (SAE). The authors concluded that TKA combined with additional nonoperative care postoperatively is more efficacious than nonsurgical treatment alone in terms of improving pain, function, and quality of life at 12 months but is associated with more SAE. The purpose of this review is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this trial, interpret its outcomes within the context of prior literature, and evaluate the validity of its conclusions.
Role of plant nutrition on alleviating nematode parasitism

The effect of increasing soil nutrient supply on alleviating the effect of Pratylenchus penetrans, Heterodera glycines, and Meloidogyne incognita on H. glycines resistant (‘Bryan’), tolerant (‘G88–20092’), and susceptible (‘Tracy M’) soybean (Glycine max) cultivars was tested under greenhouse (26 ± 2°C) conditions by inoculating 1-week-old seedlings with 0 (control) to 9,000 range (Exp. I), or 0 and 6,000 (Exp. II and III) nematodes and fertilizing twice weekly (tap water other times, Exp. I and II) or daily (Exp. III) with normal strength Hoagland Solution over five to six weeks. In Experiment I, infection was proportional to inoculum level but varied by cultivar and nematode. Shoot weight and N content of the susceptible cultivar, by H. glycines and M. incognita, and the tolerant cultivar, by M. incognita, were decreased in Experiments I and II. While daily fertilization alleviated nematode-induced stress by decreasing the numbers of P. penetrans in the tolerant cultivar and H. glycines and M. incognita in the susceptible cultivar, it decreased nodulation.
The Brain Sciences Against the Welfare State

In order to explore how neoliberal ideology shapes theories and practices of the new brain sciences, this chapter closely reads a study that integrates neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and behavioral economics. One of the goals of this analysis is to understand the basic underlying theory that connects the different neuroliberal discourses, and although many individual scientists might reject my characterization of their fields, I will argue that their work is only possible because of the belief in the idea of discoverable biological determinism. In short, neuroscientists, evolutionary psychologists, and behavioral economists must accept the rejection of the psychoanalytic unconscious in order to promote a theory of non-conscious thinking that is derived from mental programs determined by evolutionary forces. Moreover, this mode of new social Darwinism is reliant on the idea that inherited mental traits can be connected to specific brain regions, neurons, and genes, and even when there is a recognition of the roles played by culture, learning, experience, and subjectivity, the need to articulate a universal form of human nature overrides all other sources that could shape thinking and behavior.
Forecasting youth adjustment at age 15 from school readiness profiles at 54 months

A person-oriented approach examined the extent to which patterns of school readiness across social and cognitive domains in 944 typically-developing 54-month-old children forecast academic achievem...
Residential Location Choice in the Era of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

This study examines the potential changes in residential location choice in a scenario where shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are a popular mode of travel in the Atlanta metropolitan area. This hy...
Hormones and Female Sexual Behavior

Female sexual behavior has been an active area of investigation for over 75 years. Sexual behaviors can be subdivided into three functional components, which are useful in studying neuroendocrine regulation of female sexual responsiveness: copulatory, paracopulatory, and progestative behaviors. Besides influencing these behaviors, the fluctuating ovarian hormones influence sexual motivation in virtually all species. In addition, sexual behavior and reproductive physiology are both influenced by external factors, typically received from the male. The interactions between hormones and the social environment influence short- and long-term modulation of sexual behaviors and reproductive physiology as well as the cellular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
An Attempt to Intervene in the Confusion: Standing Requirements for Rule 24 Intervenors

Suppose you live near a minimum-security, short-term facility used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service to house aliens awaiting processing, exclusion, or asylum.' You discover that, contrary to representations by government officials, many of your "neighbors" are convicted felons who have completed jail sentences in the United States and are awaiting a determination of their alien status. A group of these aliens then start a riot in which forty escape from the facility. You fear that more convicted felons might escape into your neighborhood. You then learn that an elected official is suing the Department of Justice over the situation. You later discover, though, that much of his suit centers not around the danger to innocent citizens, but on a political matter. In addition, given the problems encountered by other members of Congress in trying to gain standing to sue in similar cases,2 you are concerned that the case will not get into court on the strength of the official's stake alone. As a result, you, along with some other homeowners, try to intervene in the suit. Your application to intervene meets the requirements for permissive intervention under Federal
Evaluating Technologies for Higher Education: E-Services

Delivering high quality e-services are paramount for any business or organization to thrive in today's world. This is also true in higher education, where institutions face high expectations to deliver services that facilitate robust student experiences and are in line with societal goals of lowering costs while delivering more educational value. Through an exploratory literature review, this study seeks to fill in gaps in the literature by clearly defining higher education administrative e-services and anchor their importance in societal and institutional goals to improve undergraduate degree attainment. This paper sets the stage for further research into the critical factors that drive the adoption and use of e-services in higher education.
The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment, parenting support, and risk for child physical abuse.

Abstract The use of corporal punishment (CP) is a strong risk factor for many poor outcomes for children including child maltreatment. The use of CP occurs within social contexts which are important to understand. Although it is known that perceived social norms regarding CP are related to its use, the specific role that a mother’s primary support person plays in influencing attitudes toward and use of CP remains unknown. The current study assessed linkages between maternal perceived social support in parenting and perceived injunctive norms of CP from her primary source of support, with maternal attitudes toward and use of CP. Survey data were collected from female primary caregivers (N = 436) of children age 2 to 7 years (mean age = 3.7) enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in Southeastern Louisiana. Most frequently, the biological father of the child (37.9%) and the maternal grandmother of the child (24.2%) were identified as the participant’s primary source of social support in parenting. Perceived injunctive norms of this support person toward CP use were significantly and positively associated with attitudes toward, AOR = 5.97, 95% CI = [4.04, 8.82], and use of CP, AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = [2.55, 5.59]. However, perceived social support was not associated with these outcomes and also did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce maternal risk for child physical abuse and use of CP must include the mother’s primary source of social support if they are to be successful.
Promoting Bike Helmet Safety for Urban Children Through a Culturally Tailored Educational Video Intervention

Bicycle-related falls are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Use of bicycle helmets substantially reduces risk of severe traumatic brain injury but compliance with this safety practice is particularly low in urban children. We recruited eleven 8- to 15-year-old youth to participate in focus groups to inform the creation of a video promoting helmet use. Key emerging themes included that youth were responsible for keeping themselves safe and that most youth had cell phones with cases to protect them. A video was created that linked the concept of use of cases to protect phones to use of helmets to protect heads. Soliciting information from urban youth was helpful for developing this educational video.
Perceptual changes to progressive resistance training with and without blood flow restriction.

The purpose was to examine changes in the perceptual responses to lifting a very low load (15% one repetition maximum (1RM)) with and without (15/0) different pressures [40% (15/40) and 80% (15/80)...
Trespassers?: Asian Americans and the battle for suburbia: by Willow S. Lung-Amam, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2017, 250 pp., US$29.95 (paperback)

In this remarkable and beautifully written book, Willow S. Lung-Amam makes an important contribution to the growing body of literature that recovers diverse suburban experiences. Tracing the histor...
Immunologic findings precede rapid lupus flare after transient steroid therapy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares elicit progressive organ damage, leading to disability and early mortality. This study evaluated clinical and immunologic factors associated with impending flare in the Biomarkers of Lupus Disease study. Autoantibodies and 32 soluble mediators were measured by multiplex assays, immune pathway activation by gene expression module scores, and immune cell subset frequencies and activation states by flow cytometry. After providing baseline samples, participants received transient steroids to suppress disease and were followed until flare. Flare occurred early (within 60 days of baseline) in 21 participants and late (90–165 days) in 13. At baseline, compared to the late flare group, the early flare group had differential gene expression in monocyte, T cell, interferon, and inflammation modules, as well as significantly higher frequencies of activated (aCD11b+) neutrophils and monocytes, and activated (CD86hi) naive B cells. Random forest models showed three subgroups of early flare patients, distinguished by greater baseline frequencies of aCD11b+ monocytes, or CD86hi naive B cells, or both. Increases in these cell populations were the most accurate biomarkers for early flare in this study. These results suggest that SLE flares may arise from an overlapping spectrum of lymphoid and myeloid mechanisms in different patients.
Reward Strategies for R&D

Top management's commitment to a course of business action is reflected, in part, by its choice of reward systems for its managers and employees. As technical executives view RD how important reward systems are perceived for motivation; and how effective reward systems are when measured quantitatively by the narrow output measure of patents issued. FREQUENCY OF USE OF REWARD SYSTEMS The reward systems discussed by 33 research directors at a 1990 IRI Special Interest Session are rank-ordered in Table 1, in the column labeled "33 Large Companies" (1,2). (Table 1 omitted) A few comments about the table are necessary: Visible recognition for patents could not be distinguished clearly from visible recognition for extra effort by those who deserved awards but were not in a position to patent. Small and medium monetary awards were grouped into a continuum: from the token patent awards that had been in effect for decades to the more contemporary awards of a few thousand dollars. Salary also covers bonuses, and options and other stakes in the venture. The more recent of the two academic studies asked respondents to report on the frequency of use of reward systems in their organizations. The results of this reporting are shown in Table 1, in the column labeled "111 Small Companies." From this summary, it can be seen that frequency of use is nearly equally divided between intrinsic (non-monetary) and monetary awards. Positive intrinsic experiences included visible recognition of achievers, and frequent use of small recognition tools such as dinners, tickets and mementos for patents. …
High expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 and BMP7 are associated with higher immune cell infiltration and better survival in estrogen receptor‑positive breast cancer

There are conflicted experimental results on the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in cancer. Some results suggest that BMPs act as tumor suppressors while other findings indicate that BMPs are oncogenic factors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of BMP expression and the survival of breast cancer patients utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). High expression levels of BMP1 (P<0.001), BMP3 (P=0.002), BMP5 (P=0.002), BMP7 (P<0.001) and BMPR1A (P<0.001) were associated with better overall survival (OS). On the other hand, high expression levels of BMP6 (P<0.001), BMP8A (P=0.031), BMP8B (P<0.001) and BMPR1B (P=0.005) were associated with worse OS. Most of the BMPs demonstrated differential expression levels between normal and tumor tissues. High expression of BMP7 was found to be significantly associated with better prognosis in both estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive (ER+) (P<0.001) and ER‑negative (ER‑) tumors (P<0.001), whereas high expression of BMP6 was associated with better prognosis only in ER+ tumors (P=0.004); it was associated with worse prognosis in ER‑ tumors (P=0.006). In the ER+ tumors, high expression of BMP7 as well as BMP6 were associated with higher infiltration of anticancer immune cells and cytolytic activity. These results suggest that high expression levels of BMP7 as well as BMP6 possess higher anticancer immunity which results in better prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. In conclusion, BMP expression profiles may be useful for prognostication. Intervention in this pathway may serve to improve outcomes, manage metastatic disease and assist in clinical decision making on optimal therapy based on the risk of recurrence or metastasis.
Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Characteristics of Electrified Snowfall Events

AbstractThis study examines characteristics of lightning in snowfall events (i.e., thundersnow, TSSN) from the perspective of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and the National Environmental...
Joining Forces: Building Collaborative Learning Communities through Family-School-University-Community Partnerships

Two College of Education faculty members describe theirjourneys as “professors in residence” immersed in schoolwidechange efforts at two different partnership schools. Collaborationwith school staff, students’ families, and community agenciesled to the formation of significant alliances that contributed tothe process of school improvement and change. Implicationsfor collaboration among stakeholders, engaged scholarship,and lessons learned are discussed.
Fleeing Drought: The Great Migration to Europe

This chapter examines the relationships between climate change and the international debate over the relocation of millions of migrants from the Middle East and Africa. It describes how prolonged drought has affected the agricultural economics and ways of life of residents in sub-Saharan Africa and how refugees from climate change and civil strife have become intermingled on their way to seek asylum in Europe. The influence of climate change on the two primary drivers of displacement in Africa and the Middle East, poverty and civil conflict, is examined in detail. The increasing numbers of migrants arriving in Europe through dangerous transits in Greece, Italy, and the Mediterranean have led to debates over who should be admitted and who should be turned away, the obligations of host nations, and the social and economic consequences of having new residents. The current legal status of displaced populations as climate refugees will be reviewed, along with efforts of host nations to accommodate to the needs of newly arrived migrants.
Statistical Applications in Educational Measurement

Educational measurement assigns numbers to individuals based on observed data to represent individuals’ educational properties such as abilities, aptitudes, achievements, progress, and performance....
Investigating using a "Social Impact Audit" Tool to support students' decision-making in a Materials Science Course

This innovative practice full paper describes the design, implementation, lessons learned, and student feedback from the creation of a new module "The Final Straw" in a required Engineering Materials Science class for third-year engineering students. This module used the example of single-use plastic straws and material alternatives to make informed decisions that consider the impact of engineering solutions in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts. Students were introduced to the Social Impact Audit (SIA) tool, a macro-enabled Excel workbook, developed by Ansys/Granta, that uses data from the United Nations Environment Programme and Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry to evaluate and compare the social impact of a product's lifecycle. Based upon the social impacts revealed through SIA, students were required to make and justify recommendations on changing the material a straw was made from and/or the nations where the material originated, was manufactured, or disposed in. Student learning was assessed using homework and exam problems. Student feedback was obtained through voluntary surveys. Preliminary results indicate that students found the SIA tool easy to use, but would have liked a more sophisticated analysis of the intersection of social and economic considerations. Additionally, despite being required to focus on social impacts, students often attributed more importance to economic and environmental considerations when making material selection decisions.
Cybersecurity in Brain-Computer Interfaces: RFID-based design-theoretical framework

Abstract Brain Computer Interface BCI is a real-time communication system that connects the brain and external devices. The BCI system can directly convert the information sent by the brain into commands that can drive external devices and replace human limbs or language organs to achieve hu-man communication with the outside world and the external environment Control. In other words, the BCI system can replace the normal peripheral nerve and muscle tissue to achieve communication between the human and the computer or between the human and the external environment. The objective of this paper is to assist the network security for the BCI applications to identify brain activities in a secure real-time mode. To achieve this, we proposed the design of a Radio Frequency Identification RFID-based system having semi− active RFID tags placed outside the brain on the scalp transmit the collected brain activities wirelessly to a devise SC (Scanner Controller) consist of mini-reader and timer integrated together for every patient. Additionally, the paper implemented a novel system prototype interface called BCI Identification System (BCIIS) to assist the patient in the identification process. Given the benefits of RFID, we believed that if the idea is adopted and implemented by industry, it could enhance and provide secure BCI applications.