cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Butyrate, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Activates the Human IGF Binding Protein-3 Promoter in Breast Cancer Cells: Molecular Mechanism Involves an Sp1/Sp3 Multiprotein Complex

Specific cell growth stimulators and inhibitors regulate IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), where in turn IGFBP-3 mediates their biological effects. The molecular mechanism(s) by which these factors regulate IGFBP-3 are unknown. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor causing growth arrest and differentiation, increases IGFBP-3 expression. We investigated the molecular mechanism of this induction using an IGFBP-3 promoter reporter system in MCF-7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. IGFBP-3 promoter activity was induced up to 40-fold following a 24-h treatment with sodium butyrate and 46-fold in cells treated with trichostatin A, a pure histone deacetylase inhibitor. Deletion analysis of the IGFBP-3 promoter identified key sodium butyrate-responsive element(s) to a 45-bp region containing consensus binding sites for Sp1 and activating protein-2. Sp1 binding to the Sp1 site and Sp3 to the activating protein-2/GA-box played a functional role in sodium butyrate's activation of the IGFBP-3 promoter, however, with no change in binding direct sodium butyrate regulation was attributed to cofactors. The histone acetyltransferase p300 and histone deacetylase-1 were identified in multiprotein complexes containing DNA bound Sp1 and Sp3, with p300 accumulating following sodium butyrate treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that sodium butyrate increases IGFBP-3 expression by activating the IGFBP-3 promoter via an Sp1/Sp3 multiprotein complex, a mechanism that may be important for other key regulators of IGFBP-3.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial olecranon bursitis: case reports and literature review.

Olecranon bursitis is most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus (80-100% of cases). 20 Patients usually present with bursal pain, fluctuant swelling, overlying cellulitis, and occasionally fevers. However, when more unusual pathogens infect the olecranon bursa, the clinical course is often more subtle and insidious, delaying the diagnosis and leading to inappropriate treatment. We report on three cases of olecranon bursitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in healthy patients with no medical comorbidities or systemic immunosuppresion.
DASPK: A new high order and adaptive time-integration technique with applications to mantle convection with strongly temperature-and pressure-dependent rheology

Abstract A new technique is presented for the efficient time-integration of the equations that describe the slow deformation in the Earth's mantle. This method is based on the adaptive, high order implicit solver for differential-algebraic equations (DASPK) and is independent of the choice of spatial discretization technique. Using a standard finite element package for the spatial discretization, it is shown that the solution of the 2-D convection-diffusion equation for temperature can be performed at much lower computational cost, but at the same or higher accuracy, compared to a traditional implicit second-order method. The solution to the full set of 2-D mantle convection equations is 3 to 4 times more efficient. Both in 2-D and 3-D, the memory and CPU-usage of this implementation depends linearly on the number of grid points and has good properties with respect to vectorization and parallelization. As an application of this technique, convection in the Earth's mantle with strongly temperature and pres...
Targeted Disruption of the Olfactory Mucosa-Specific Cyp2g1 Gene: Impact on Acetaminophen Toxicity in the Lateral Nasal Gland, and Tissue-Selective Effects on Cyp2a5 Expression

CYP2G1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase expressed uniquely in the olfactory mucosa (OM). We have generated Cyp2g1-null mice to identify the roles of CYP2G1 in the biology and the tissue-specific toxicity of xenobiotic compounds in the nose. Homozygous Cyp2g1-null mice are viable and fertile; they show no evidence of embryonic lethality, morphological abnormality, or developmental deficits; and they seem to have normal olfactory ability. However, OM microsomes from Cyp2g1-null mice were found to have significantly lower activities than microsomes from wild-type mice in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone (∼60% decrease) and in the metabolic activation of coumarin (>70% decrease). Unexpectedly, a significant reduction in the expression of the Cyp2a5 gene was found in the liver, the lateral nasal gland (LNG), and, to a lesser extent, the kidney of adult Cyp2g1-null mice. The loss of CYP2G1 expression, and the associated decrease in the hepatic expression of CYP2A5, did not decrease systemic clearance, extent of hepatotoxicity, or OM toxicity of acetaminophen (AP). However, the LNG was protected from AP (at 400 mg/kg) toxicity in the Cyp2g1-null mice. Paradoxically, the LNG did not have detectable CYP2G1, and the decrease in LNG CYP2A5 expression in the Cyp2g1-null mice was not accompanied by decreases in microsomal AP metabolism. We hypothesize that OM CYP2G1 (through a paracrine pathway) or LNG CYP2A5 may indirectly influence resistance of the LNG to chemical toxicity, possibly by regulating gene expression in the LNG through steroid hormones or other endogenous P450 substrates and their metabolites.
The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research

Pilot studies represent a fundamental phase of the research process. The purpose of conducting a pilot study is to examine the feasibility of an approach that is intended to be used in a larger scale study. The roles and limitations of pilot studies are described here using a clinical trial as an example. A pilot study can be used to evaluate the feasibility of recruitment, randomization, retention, assessment procedures, new methods, and implementation of the novel intervention. A pilot study is not a hypothesis testing study. Safety, efficacy and effectiveness are not evaluated in a pilot. Contrary to tradition, a pilot study does not provide a meaningful effect size estimate for planning subsequent studies due to the imprecision inherent in data from small samples. Feasibility results do not necessarily generalize beyond the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the pilot design. A pilot study is a requisite initial step in exploring a novel intervention or an innovative application of an intervention. Pilot results can inform feasibility and identify modifications needed in the design of a larger, ensuing hypothesis testing study. Investigators should be forthright in stating these objectives of a pilot study. Grant reviewers and other stakeholders should expect no more.
Successive approximation procedure for the optimal control of bilinear systems

The optimization of the general time-invariant bilinear system with a quadratic performance criterion is considered. A successive approximation method is applied to the sequence of linear quadratic problems in order to obtain a new efficient iterative scheme. The control is obtained in the form of a linear feedback law. >
Ultrasonic Prediction of Anisotropy in Copper and Copper Alloy Sheets

It is well recognized that the presence of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) results in anisotropy of material properties [1–4]. To predict the plastic deformation response of materials where the texture character dominants, it is noted that a non-intrusive sensor system for on-line, in-process texture monitoring will meet the future demand of high quality in the final product, and total automation in manufacturing processes [5–8]. Several non-destructive techniques can be applied to extract quantitative information concerning anisotropic properties in materials. Ultrasonic techniques are one of them. Previous work has indicated the possibility of inferring texture from ultrasonic velocity measurements [9–11]. Mathematical formalisms have also been developed to relate ultrasonic velocity to texture-induced anisotropy [12–14]. However, few investigations have been performed regarding the nature of metallurgical parameters that affect the obtained ultrasonic velocity information. An understanding of these interdependent relationships will be necessary when trying to use ultrasonic velocity information for the purpose of materials characterization. It is the objective of this investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic velocity measurements as a means for prediction of material anisotropy.
DataScalar architectures

DataScalar architectures improve memory system performance by running computation redundantly across multiple processors, which are each tightly coupled with an associated memory. The program data set (and/or text) is distributed across these memories. In this execution model, each processor broadcasts operands it loads from its local memory to all other units. In this paper, we describe the benefits, costs, and problems associated with the DataScalar model. We also present simulation results of one possible implementation of a DataScalar system. In our simulated implementation, six unmodified SPEC95 binaries ran from 7% slower to 50% faster on two nodes, and from 9% to 100% faster on four nodes, than on a system with a comparable, more traditional memory system. Our intuition and results show that DataScalar architectures work best with codes for which traditional parallelization techniques fail. We conclude with a discussion of how DataScalar systems may accommodate traditional parallel processing, thus improving performance over a much wider range applications than is currently possible with either model.
Evaluation of Insecticides in the Laboratory Against Adult and Larval Stable Flies

Giodrin® ( alpha -methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate dimethyl phosphate), dichlorvos, Bayer 39007 (o-isopropoxyphenyl mcthylcarbamate), and Pyrolan® (3-methyl-lphenyl- 5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) were the most effective compounds tested against adults and larvae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Dimethoate and trichlorfon also were very effective as larvicides. Susceptibility to the different compounds was determined by spraying adult flies in a wind tunnel and exposing larvae in treated CSMA medium. Ninety compounds were evaluated against adults and 181 against larvae.
Association of Preoperative Thrombocytosis and Leukocytosis With Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Ovarian Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether preoperative thrombocytosis or leukocytosis is associated with increased postoperative morbidity or mortality. METHODS Patients with ovarian cancer undergoing primary surgery from 2005 to 2012 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project. Thrombocytosis was defined as platelets greater than 450,000/mm and leukocytosis as white blood cells greater than 10,000/mm. We examined 30-day postoperative complications and mortality. Descriptive statistics and adjusted multivariable logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS We identified 1,072 patients. The incidence of thrombocytosis was 9.6%, leukocytosis was 18.7%, and 4.9% had both. Leukocytosis was associated with major complication (16.5% compared with 10.3%, P=.01) but not postoperative death (3.0% compared with 1.3%, P=.08). Thrombocytosis was also associated with major complication (19.4% compared with 10.7%, P<.01) but not postoperative death (2.9% compared with 1.5%, P=.30). Patients with both thrombocytosis and leukocytosis had increased rates of both major complication (22.6% compared with 10.9%, P<.001) and mortality (5.7% compared with 1.4%, P=.02). In logistic regression adjusting for age, comorbidities, and surgical complexity, major complication remained associated with thrombocytosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-3.74, P<.01) and leukocytosis (adjusted OR 1.78, 95% CI, 1.13-2.80, P=.01). Additionally, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis together were associated with postoperative death (adjusted OR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.4-22.3, P=.02). CONCLUSION Preoperative thrombocytosis or leukocytosis is associated with an increased risk of major postoperative complication. Patients with both thrombocytosis and leukocytosis experienced twice the rate of major complication and a fourfold increase in postoperative death. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Kennedy, Johnson, and the War on Poverty

When President Lyndon B. Johnson declared metaphorical war on poverty in 1964, he set in motion an important, complex, and controversial phase in the history of reform in the United States, whose shockwaves were still being felt in the early 1980s, a time of counterreformation. Although poverty reform in the 1960s influenced the historical profession no less than some others-in the rise of social history, for example-historians concentrated their research efforts on the more distant past. Analysis of the history, workings, consequences, and lessons of the War on Poverty remained largely the business of social scientists, who turned it into a sizable industry. The passage of time and the growing availability of primary sources now invite historical investigation, which has no more apposite starting point than the War on Poverty's genesis. Social scientists explain the War on Poverty's creation in essentially three different ways. Daniel P. Moynihan in his Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding does not treat motive systematically or explicitly, but he builds a powerful implicit argument that the War on Poverty grew out of the rising influence of social science itself. In particular, Moynihan attributes the Community Action Program, which became central to the War on Poverty, to reform-minded, though unscientific, sociologists. A second school of thought emphasizes interest groups and political calculation. Among those who take this approach, Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward have probably been most widely read. President John F. Kennedy and President Johnson, they argue, launched the War on Poverty in order to attract a high percentage of black votes in the 1964 election. Third, the War on Poverty's birth has been explained through the cyclical theory of reform. After a period of dormancy, James Sundquist maintains, the reform impulse once again swept through the American political system, bringing with it a national effort to eradicate poverty. '
Polar magnetic fields and coronal holes during the recent solar minima

The slow decline of solar Cycle 23 combined with the slow rise of Cycle 24 resulted in a very long period of low magnetic activity during the years 2007–2009 with sunspot number reaching the lowest level since 1913. This long solar minimum was characterized by weak polar magnetic fields, smaller polar coronal holes, and a relatively complex coronal morphology with multiple streamers extending to mid latitudes. At the same time, low latitude coronal holes remained present on the Sun until the end of 2008 modulating the solar wind at the Earth in co-rotating, fast solar wind streams. This magnetic configuration was remarkably different from the one observed during the previous two solar minima when coronal streamers were confined near the equator and the fast solar wind was mainly originating from the large coronal holes around the Sun's poles. This paper presents the evolution of the polar magnetic fields and coronal holes during the past minimum, compare it with the previous minima, and discuss the implications for the solar wind near the Earth. It also considers the minimum of Cycle 23 in an historical perspective and, in particular, compares it to the long minima at the turn of the 19th century.
Elevation of prostate specific antigen from bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced granulomatous prostatitis.

AbstractThe serum prostate specific antigen profile of a patient with granulomatous prostatitis owing to bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy suggests that this pathological process may result in an abnormal elevation of this serum tumor marker.
Intersubband relaxation in modulation-doped multiple quantum well structures

Recently, intersubband relaxation In modulation- doped GaAs/AIxGa1-xAs multiple quantum well structures (MD MQWS) has been observed directly by an IR bleaching technique.1,2 The intersubband time constants determined experimentally are surprisingly long (≈10 ps). But, as the well width increases, electron lifetimes decrease. A well width change from 47 to 59 A results in a factor of ~2 decrease in relaxation time.
Characterization of microsatellite loci for Cypripediumkentuckiense (Orchidaceae)

Cypripedium kentuckiense is one of the 15 Cypripedium species found in North America. Its populations are threatened by illegal collection and land conversion. Assessing the level of genetic variation within-and-among populations employing species-specific and variable co-dominant molecular markers such as microsatellite can assist in developing appropriate conservation strategies. For the first time, we report eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for C. kentuckiense. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight and the mean number of alleles across eight loci was 4.13. Mean observed (H o ) and expected heterozygosity (H e ) values were 0.514 and 0.522, respectively. The eight markers reported in this study can be used to estimate genetic diversity, genetic structure, gene flow, and mating system of the species.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with T2N0M0 NSCLC

Abstract Background Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with completely resected stage II and III NSCLC. However, its role in patients with stage IB NSCLC disease remains unclear. We evaluated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in a large data set of patients with completely resected T2N0M0 NSCLC. Methods Patients with pathologic stage T2N0M0 NSCLC who underwent complete (R0) resection between 2004 and 2011 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base and classified into four groups based on tumor size: 3.1 to 3.9 cm, 4 to 4.9 cm, 5 to 5.9 cm, and 6 to 7 cm. Patients who died within 1 month after their operation were excluded. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and compared by log-rank test. Results Among the 25,267 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were 4996 (19.7%) who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved median and 5-year overall survival compared with observation for all tumor size groups. In patients with T2 tumors smaller than 4 cm, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved median and 5-year overall survival in univariate (101.6 versus 68.2 months [67% versus 55%], hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.72, p p p Conclusions In patients with completely resected T2N0M0, adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in all tumor size groups. The benefit in patients with tumors smaller than 4 cm strongly suggests a role for chemotherapy in this patient population and counters its current status as an exclusion criteria for adjuvant trials.
Ultra-low-power intelligent PWM controller for vibration energy harvesting power supplies

A method and circuit for pulse width modulation (PWM) control of a buck-boost DC-DC converter used in energy harvesting for powering ultra low power sensor systems from vibrations is presented. The impedance of the transducer, the environmental parameters where the system is deployed, and the load to be driven necessitate an adaptive DC-DC converter. The circuit used to control the gate of the switching transistor of the converter must be highly energy efficient and achieve a balance between accuracy and excessive power draw. The simulations presented show the operation of the PWM controller. The average power draw is estimated to be less than 20µW.
Impact of removing mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections from central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2014.

Central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) event data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network from 2014, the first year of required use of the mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) definition, were analyzed to assess the impact of removing MBI-LCBI events from CLABSI rates. CLABSI rates decreased significantly in some location types after removing MBI-LCBI events, and MBI-LCBI events will be removed from publicly reported CLABSI rates.
Retinal Proteoglycans Act as Cellular Receptors for Basement Membrane Assembly to Control Astrocyte Migration and Angiogenesis.

The basement membrane is crucial for cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, but how it is assembled on the cell surface remains unclear. Here, we find that ablation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans in the neuroretina disrupts the retinal basement membrane, leading to arrested astrocyte migration and reduced angiogenesis. Using genetic deletion and time-lapse imaging, we show that retinal astrocytes require neuronal-derived PDGF as a chemoattractive cue and the retinal basement membrane as a migratory substrate. Genetic ablation of heparan sulfates does not produce the same defects as GAG null mutants. In contrast, enzymatic removal of heparan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates together inhibits de novo laminin network assembly. These results indicate that both heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans participate in retinal basement membrane assembly, thus promoting astrocyte migration and angiogenesis.
Promises and challenges of the transnational approach

ABSTRACTThe State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents, edited by Portes and Fernandez-Kelly, is a path-breaking comparative study that theoretically elaborates and empirically documents the salient role of immigrant organizations in the advent of transnationalism. The volume provides original insight into three controversies related to the origin and practice of transnationalism, the relationship between migration and development, and the connection between transnationalism and assimilation. The volume is a significant step towards a theory of international migration that integrates the State, grassroots organizations, and migrant transnationalism in its explanation.
HMC-Sim-2.0: A co-design infrastructure for exploring custom memory cube operations

Abstract The recent advent of stacked memory devices has led to a resurgence of research associated with the fundamental memory hierarchy and associated memory pipeline. The bandwidth advantages provided by stacked logic and DRAM devices have inspired research associated with eliminating the bandwidth bottlenecks associated with many applications in high performance computing. These augmented memory subsystems stand to change the landscape of high performance computing algorithm optimization. In addition to the two aforementioned focus areas, a third area of research is emerging to explore augmenting the stacked memory logic layer with additional operations. This first generation of Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) devices provided rudimentary atomic memory operations. The Gen2 Hybrid Memory Cube devices provide more expressive atomic memory operations that include primitive integer arithmetic operations. Despite the inclusion of more expressive arithmetic operations, many users have expressed interest in more complex and potentially orthogonal custom memory cube , or CMC, operations in future revisions of the Hybrid Memory Cube specification. This work presents recent development associated with the HMC-Sim Hybrid Memory Cube simulation framework that provides users a powerful infrastructure to experiment and research augmented custom memory cube, or CMC, operations within the current Gen2 Hybrid Memory Cube device infrastructure. The goal of this approach is to provide computer architects the ability to experiment with augmentations to future memory devices in the scope of co-designing the future of scalable high performance computing instruments. We provide an overview of extending the original HMC-Sim simulation infrastructure to include support for CMC operations with requiring users to modify the core simulation code base. In addition, we provide a sample series of CMC operations that implement near-memory mutexes and demonstrate their efficacy using central locking and barrier synchronization algorithms traditionally found in parallel programming models and runtime libraries.
Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: Overview of the 2017 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline.

Description The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and US Department of Defense (DoD) revised the 2010 clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of opioid therapy for chronic pain, considering the specific needs of the VA and DoD and new evidence regarding prescribing opioid medication for non-end-of-life-related chronic pain. This paper summarizes the major recommendations and compares them with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline for prescribing opioids. Patient population This Opioid Therapy CPG was developed for VA-DoD service members, veterans, and their families. Methods The VA/DoD Evidence-Based Practice Work Group convened a VA/DoD guideline renewal development effort and conformed to the guidelines established by the VA/DoD Joint Executive Council (JEC) and VA/DoD Health Executive Council (HEC). The panel developed questions, searched and evaluated the literature, developed recommendations using GRADE methodology, and developed algorithms. Passage of the CARA Act by Congress compelled consideration and comparison with the CDC opioid therapy guideline mid-development. Results There were 18 recommendations made. This article focuses on guideline development and key recommendations with CDC comparisons taken from four major areas, including: initiation and continuation of opioids;type, dose, follow-up, and taper of opioids;risk mitigation;acute pain. Conclusions Guideline development and recommendations are presented. There was substantial overlap with the CDC opioid guideline. Additionally, there were items particularly relevant to the VA-DoD, including risk mitigation, suicide prevention, and preventing opioid use disorder in young patients. Our guideline highlights avoiding opioid therapy longer than 90 days as a critical juncture.
Deceived, Disgusted, and Defensive: Motivated Processing of Anti-Tobacco Advertisements

A 2 × 2 experiment was conducted, where participants watched anti-tobacco messages that varied in deception (content portraying tobacco companies as dishonest) and disgust (negative graphic images) content. Psychophysiological measures, self-report, and a recognition test were used to test hypotheses generated from the motivated cognition framework. The results of this study indicate that messages containing both deception and disgust push viewers into a cascade of defensive responses reflected by increased self-reported unpleasantness, reduced resources allocated to encoding, worsened recognition memory, and dampened emotional responses compared to messages depicting one attribute or neither. Findings from this study demonstrate the value of applying a motivated cognition theoretical framework in research on responses to emotional content in health messages and support previous research on defensive processing and message design of anti-tobacco messages.
Use of a fiber optic distributed temperature sensing system for thermal response testing of ground-coupled heat exchangers

Abstract A thermal response test (TRT) is commonly conducted at a site proposed for the installation of a ground-coupled heat pump system. The purpose of the TRT is to gather local data to infer thermal properties of the soil. Accurately estimating soil thermal properties enables designers to size the geofield appropriately and supports improved simulations of ground heat exchanger (GHX) systems to better estimate the system performance over both shorter-term and longer-term intervals. This paper reports on the use of a fiber optic distributed temperature sensing system to spatially resolve the temperatures along the entire length of a U-tube within a vertical bore geothermal well. The fiber optic probe inside the U-tube provides spatial temperature data at a 2-m resolution throughout the duration of a TRT. The spatial temperature data within the U-tubes provided by a fiber optic probe offers the potential to determine other characteristics of a test bore, such as ground properties as a function of depth, which will enable much more accurate ground heat exchanger models in the future. An added outcome of this technique is a direct means to observe stratification of fluid temperatures which is another indicator of differences in ground properties that may occur along the depth of a vertical bore.
Persistent Dentoalveolar Pain Disorder: A Comprehensive Review.

Abstract Introduction Persistent dentoalveolar pain of idiopathic origin represents a diagnostic challenge for the dentist and physician alike. Disagreement on taxonomy and diagnostic criteria presents a significant limit to the advancement of research in the field. Patients struggle with a lack of knowledge by dental and medical professionals, diagnostic delays, and unnecessary treatments. Methods A PubMed search was performed as of January 1, 2017 by using the terms atypical odontalgia, phantom tooth pain, persistent idiopathic facial pain, painful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy, idiopathic toothache, persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder, nonodontogenic tooth pain, and continuous neuropathic orofacial pain. Three hundred forty-five abstracts were screened, and 128 articles that were pertinent to the topic went through full-text reading. Results Case reports and narrative reviews constitute the majority of available literature. Several retrospective case-control studies investigated the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnostic processes. Treatment strategies were evaluated in only 7 open-label and 2 randomized controlled trials. Conclusions Persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder is likely neuropathic in origin, but pathophysiological mechanisms to explain the onset and persistence of the pain are still far from understood. A correct diagnosis should be established before treatments are performed. Researchers should reach an agreement on the diagnostic criteria to enable a coherent research path to better understand the condition and reduce patient suffering.
Precision mass ratio of He + 3 to HD +

A precision measurement of the mass ratio of ${}^{3}$He${}^{+}$ and HD${}^{+}$ shows a discrepancy of more than 4 standard deviations with respect to the current literature values of the masses of the proton, deuteron, and nucleus of ${}^{3}$He.
Swallow Studies in Preterm Infants: Indications and Interpretation

Please view the video clip (Video 1) showing the results of a videofluoroscopic swallow study (also known as a modified barium swallow study). Video 1. Click here to view the video. The most likely clinical scenario of the infant in this video is a: The videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), also known as a modified barium swallow study , is a form of instrumental assessment of swallow function. It is conducted in the radiology department by a speech-language pathologist in collaboration with a radiologist; thus, the patient needs to be stable to allow transfer to this location. The infant’s caregivers and …
Silicon with Columnar Microporous Architecture for Ultrahigh Total Energy-Storage Capacity and with Highly Reversible Lithiation Performance

The continuous miniaturization of microelectronic devices places an ever increasing demand on energy-storage capacities of on-chip Li-ion batteries. The search for positive electrodes for such batteries inevitably leads to Si because of its very high mass specific capacity (∼4200 mAh/g for Li4.4Si). Although Si thin films and nanowires can provide very high specific capacities, their storage capacities (measured as coulombs per unit area) are, however, very limited. We report here a new Si electrode architecture, having columnar micropores, which provides a very high mass specific Li-storage capacity (∼1212 mAh/g), and the highest total Li-storage capacity (∼1.21 mAh/cm2) relative to other Si electrodes. These capacities are sustainable for over 200 cycles. It is shown that columnar microporous Si architecture can store a greater amount of charge (∼250%) than solid-Si, due to the increased surface area provided by the columnar pores. Further, the most exciting finding of this study is that the pore walls ...
Isolator-Less Near-Field RFID Reader for Sub-Cranial Powering/Data Link of Millimeter-Sized Implants

Implants for brain–machine interface (BMI) systems require both wireless powering and data communication to be practical for reliable long-term use. Sub-cranial radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers can receive backscattered data, while providing wireless power to operate the implant. This paper presents a novel reader architecture for an efficient near-field fully integrated RFID reader meant to deliver power to and receive data from BMI implants, where a modified Class-E/Fodd power amplifier (PA) with a current-sense resistor differentially drives a single segmented antenna and acts simultaneously as TX and RX. It operates at 309 MHz and has 54% efficiency. The non-linearity of the switching PA is able to demodulate the backscattered signal to baseband. And the data can be recovered from a current-sense resistor without the need for bulky RF isolators, separate RX/TX antennas, or different frequencies for data/power delivery. The reader, as tested with a proprietary RFID tag through pig-skin and cow-bone, can deliver a maximum of 790 $\mu \text{W}$ to an implant through the skull while consuming 39.4 mW of power. It has a 2-Mb/s data rate with a bit error rate of less than 1e–6.
Reducing pediatric caries and obesity risk in South Asian immigrants: randomized controlled trial of common health/risk factor approach

This paper describes the design and methods of a multi-phase study to reduce early childhood caries and obesity in vulnerable South Asian (SA) immigrants in the United States. Early childhood caries and obesity are the most common diseases of early childhood. Risk factors for both diseases are rooted in early childhood feeding practices such as bottle feeding and intake of sweets and sweetened beverages. The Common Health/Risk Factor Approach to addressing oral health is widely promoted by the WHO and other policy makers. This approach recognizes links between oral health and other diseases of modernity. Our CHALO! (“Child Health Action to Lower Obesity and Oral health risk”--from a Hindi word meaning "Let's go!") study targets SA families at high risk for early childhood caries and obesity. CHALO! addresses common risk factors associated with these two common diseases of childhood. This two part project includes a randomized controlled trial, and a Knowledge Translation campaign. A randomized controlled trial will enroll n = 360 families from pediatric practices serving South Asians in the New York metro area. The intervention group will receive home visits by SA community health workers at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 months of age. Controls will receive culturally tailored educational material. Primary outcomes-- cariogenic and obesogenic feeding practices at 6, 12, and 18 months-- will be assessed with the MySmileBuddy iPad based tool. Secondary outcomes include: oral hygiene practices, anthropometrics, and caries incidence at 18 months. A public education campaign will focus on both families and health care providers. There are few Common Health/Risk Factor Approach published studies on obesity and oral health risk in children, despite health morbidity and costs associated with both conditions. CHALO! comprises a multi-level interventions designed to promote culturally competent, sustainable change. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03077425 .
Vestire: Social Divesting and Impact Investing in New Materialism

Fashion, with its social gloss of being the most transient of commodities in postmodern Western capitalistic societies, undergirds the hunt for the next “it” item in our modern liquid worlds (Bauman 2006). In fashion, as post-Marxist socialist Zygmunt Bauman argues, there is a perpetuum mobile, or social dynamic, in which progress is articulated as each individual’s avoidance of exclusion (Marx 2015 [1867]: 85). As individuals fear exclusion, the individual’s relation to fashion fulfills a continuous cycle of becoming, a hedonic treadmill with temporary happiness, via materialistic consumption, as its constant goal (Bauman 2010). However, the rise of secondhand markets in the liquid West and consumers’ engagement in both the brick-and-mortar and ecommerce varieties thereof undercut dialectical revolutions of consumption habits for the newest and shiniest of baubles. Taking a new materialist approach to lives and values of clothes, I show how females are oriented toward a particular type of (in)vestment that is underrecognized and undervalued under the lights that cast the pursuit of fashion as superficial. In other words, at the root of the term investment is vestire, to clothe, already suggesting that popular (mis)conceptions about fashion’s frivolity lacks material evidence. Using auto-ethnography as my primary method and the Buffalo Exchange secondhand chain of stores and particularly the East Village, Manhattan location as my primary field site, I illustrate the cycling through of clothing and the changes in these commodities’ value. I complicate the easy narratives that Western political economists have used to explain away Marx’s theory on value and commodity fetishism. The lifecycle of commodities, as symptomized in the classic macroeconomic example of guns versus butter, shows a production possibility frontier circumscribed by the assumption that consumption is a one-time deal. Yet, consuming and wearing secondhand clothing can be upheld by new materialism as a socially impactful (in)vestment. As I show in this case study, in the secondhand market for luxe designer garments, the concept of value changes quickly as it moves through hands in the handed-down, preowned, preloved nebulas that make value itself amorphous. Moreover, as shown by the entrepreneurial example of Brass, alternative extra-industry solutions to accessing such (in)vestments can close the wardrobe gap for women.
The Constraints of Innovation

While this “in” joke from the gay community pokes fun at the speed with which lesbians are said to meet and set up house together, it serves to illustrate that the career trajectories of same-sex relationships tend to differ substantially from those of heterosexual couples. Despite the similarities of all couple relationships and increasing efforts from the general and gay press to normalize what are often referred to as “alternative” family forms, gay and lesbian couple relationships are still, by and large, creative enterprises carried out under unconventional circumstances.
Sparse Channel Estimation in Millimeter-Wave Communications via Parameter Perturbed OMP

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising technology for next-generation wireless networks with its available broad spectrum. Along with massive number of antennas employed at both end of the transceiver, the number of unknown channel coefficients become extremely large. Thanks to sparse nature of mmWave links, this paper proposes a parameter perturbation based sparse recovery technique for mmWave channel estimation. Recently, classical compressive sensing (CS) based sparse recovery techniques have been applied in this area. However, CS based reconstructions are highly effected by basis mismatch problems such as off-the-grid targets, or, equivalently, scattering points. The proposed iterative algorithm called parameter perturbed orthogonal matching pursuit (PPOMP) jointly solves for both the sparse signal, which is the unknown mmWave channel itself, and the basis mismatch due to off-the-grid problem. We verify through extensive numerical results that the proposed PPOMP algorithm achieves significantly better channel estimation performance compared to the state of the art sparse reconstruction techniques.
A Patient- and Family-Centered Model of Feeding and Swallowing Management for Children With Tracheostomies

Purpose With increasing frequency, speech-language pathologists are asked to provide feeding and swallowing evaluations and treatment to children with tracheostomies. The following article provides...
Milk intake and mammographic density in premenopausal women

Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Although diet is associated with breast cancer risk, there are limited studies linking adult diet, including milk intake, with mammographic density. Here, we investigate the association of milk intake with mammographic density in premenopausal women. We analyzed data from 375 cancer-free premenopausal women who had routine screening mammography at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri in 2016. We used Volpara to measure volumetric percent density, dense volume, and non-dense volume. We collected information on recent milk intake (past 12 months), and categorized skim milk and low/reduced-fat milk intake into 4 groups: < 1/week, 1/week, 2–6 times/week, ≥ 1/day, while whole and soy milk intake were categorized into 2 groups: < 1/week, ≥ 1/week. We used multivariable linear regression model to evaluate the associations of milk intake and log-transformed volumetric percent density, dense volume, and non-dense volume. In multivariable analyses, volumetric percent density was 20% (p-value = 0.003) lower in the 1/week group, 14% (p-value = 0.047) lower in the 2–6/week group, and 12% (p-value = 0.144) lower in the ≥ 1/day group (p-trend = 0.011) compared with women who consumed low/reduced-fat milk < 1/week. Attenuated and non-significant associations were observed for low/reduced-fat milk intake and dense volume. There were no associations of whole, skim, and soy milk intake with volumetric percent density and dense volume. Recent low/reduced-fat milk intake was inversely associated with volumetric percent density in premenopausal women. Studies on childhood and adolescent milk intake and adult mammographic density in premenopausal women are needed.
Using qualitative methods to support recovery of endangered species: The case of red-cockaded woodpecker foraging habitat

Abstract Meta-analyses are powerful tools for synthesizing wildlife-habitat relationships, but small sample sizes and complex species-habitat relationships often preclude correlative meta-analyses on endangered species. In this study, we demonstrate qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as a tool that can reliably synthesize habitat-fitness relationships from small sample sizes for species with narrow habitat requirements. We apply QCA to results from a habitat threshold regression tree model and identify habitat thresholds with consistent positive effects on fitness of the federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis; RCW) on the Savannah River Site, USA. We reformulated regression tree results in a QCA framework to examine the consistency of threshold effects on RCW fledgling production at the individual group level (n = 47). Synthesizing regression tree results with QCA revealed alternative combinations of habitat thresholds that in conjunction with group size consistently led to above-average fledgling production for 41 of 47 (88%) individual RCW groups. Importantly, QCA identified unique combinations of habitat thresholds and group size related to above-average fledgling production that were not retained in the regression tree model due to small sample sizes. Synthesizing a small habitat-fitness dataset using QCA provided a tractable method to identify unique combinations of habitat and group size conditions that are consistently important to individual fitness, but may not be detected by meta-analyses that can be biased by small sample sizes. QCA offers a viable approach for synthesis of habitat-fitness relationships and can be extended to address many complex issues in endangered species recovery when correlative meta-analyses are not possible.
Assays for tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells.

Abstract Tyrosine kinases are important for many cellular processes and disruption of their regulation is a factor in diseases like cancer, therefore they are a major target of anticancer drugs. There are many ways to measure tyrosine kinase activity in cells by monitoring endogenous substrate phosphorylation, or by using peptide substrates and incubating them with cell lysates containing active kinases. However, most of these strategies rely on antibodies and/or are limited in how accurately they model the intracellular environment. In cases in which activity needs to be measured in cells, but endogenous substrates are not known and/or suitable phosphospecific antibodies are not available, cell-deliverable peptide substrates can be an alternative and can provide information on activation and inhibition of kinases in intact, live cells. In this chapter, we review this methodology and provide a protocol for measuring Abl kinase activity in human cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a generic antiphosphotyrosine antibody for detection.
Serial Metabolic Evaluation of Perihematomal Tissues in the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Pig Model.

Purpose Perihematomal edema (PHE) occurs in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is often used as surrogate of secondary brain injury. PHE resolves over time, but little is known about the functional integrity of the tissues that recover from edema. In a pig ICH model, we aimed to assess metabolic integrity of perihematoma tissues by using noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Material and Methods Fourteen male Yorkshire pigs with an average age of 8 weeks were intracerebrally injected with autologous blood to produce ICH. Proton MRS data were obtained at 1, 7, and 14 days after ICH using a whole-body 3.0T MRI system. Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-localized 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI) was acquired. The concentration of N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) were measured within the area of PHE, tissues adjacent to the injury with no or negligible edema (ATNE), and contralesional brain tissue. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the evolution of metabolites in perihematomal tissues, with p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results The perihematoma volume gradually decreased from 2.38 ± 1.23 ml to 0.41 ± 0.780 ml (p < 0.001) over 2 weeks. Significant (p < 0.001) reductions in NAA, Cr, and Cho concentrations were found in the PHE and ATNE regions compared to the contralesional hemisphere at day 1 and day 7 after ICH. All three metabolites were significantly (p < 0.001) restored in the PHE tissue on day 14, but remained persistently low in the ATNE area, and unaltered in the contralesional voxel. Conclusions This study highlights the potential of MRS to probe salvageable tissues within the perihematoma in the sub-acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Altered metabolites within the PHE and ATNE regions in addition to edema and hematoma volumes were explored as possible markers for tissue recovery. Perihematomal tissue with PHE demonstrated a more reversible injury compared to the tissue adjacent to the injury without edema, suggesting a potentially beneficial role of edema.