cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HPC programming on Intel many-integrated-core hardware with MAGMA port to Xeon Phi

This paper presents the design and implementation of several fundamental dense linear algebra (DLA) algorithms for multicore with Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. In particular, we consider algorithms for solving linear systems. Further, we give an overview of the MAGMA MIC library, an open source, high performance library, that incorporates the developments presented here and, more broadly, provides the DLA functionality equivalent to that of the popular LAPACK library while targeting heterogeneous architectures that feature a mix of multicore CPUs and coprocessors.The LAPACK-compliance simplifies the use of the MAGMA MIC library in applications, while providing them with portably performant DLA. High performance is obtained through the use of the high-performance BLAS, hardware-specific tuning, and a hybridization methodology whereby we split the algorithm into computational tasks of various granularities. Execution of those tasks is properly scheduled over the heterogeneous hardware by minimizing data movements and mapping algorithmic requirements to the architectural strengths of the various heterogeneous hardware components. Our methodology and programming techniques are incorporated into the MAGMA MIC API, which abstracts the application developer fromthe specifics of the Xeon Phi architecture and is therefore applicable to algorithms beyond the scope of DLA.
LIFE EVENTS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENCE

Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity(CVR) to stress has been documented in subsets of adult and childhood populations and has been proposed as a possible mediating link between behavioral risk factors and coronary heart disease. Because little previous work has examined the relationship of CVR to environmental stressors, we studied psychosocial correlates of heart rate(HR) and blood pressure(BP) reactivity in 25 adolescent males ranging in age from 12 to 18. CVR was assessed using a standardized protocol in which HR and BP were periodically measured as subjects completed 3 tasks: mental arithmetic, a competitive video game, and a cold pressor test A structured interview and physical exam, completed prior to CVR testing, provided measures of demographic variables, height, weight, stressful life events(LE), and family social support(SS). Mean CVR across tasks was bimodally distributed, with a small subpopulation of subjects displaying hyperdynamic HR and BP responses. Age and body mass index (wt/ht2) were correlated with systolic BP reactivity (r=0.48, p<0.01; r=-0.30, p=0.08), and SS was inversely associated with diastolic reactivity (r=-0.37, p<0.05). Unexpectedly, LE was strongly and inversely related to mean BP and HR reactivity (r=-0.47, p<0.01; r=-0.40, p<0.05), with the most LE reported by subjects with the least CVR. Possible explanations for this finding include: a) an “inoculation” effect, in which LE serve as opportunities to learn effective means of coping with stress, and b) an effect of exaggerated CVR on the actual cognition and reporting of such events.
In situ growth and structure of fractal silica aggregates in a flame

Abstract We studied flame-generated (fumed) silica particles in situ by static and dynamic light scattering and ex situ by transmission electron microscopy. The growth and aggregation of the particles was followed as a function of height in the flame. The scattered intensity appeared to be consistent with a fractal aggregate structure having a fractal dimension of D = 1.49 (smaller than previously reported ex situ measurements of fumed silica) although the data are too limited to determine D with certainty. From the dynamic light scattering results, corrected for polydispersity, the growth trend appeared to deviate from free-molecular behavior for long residence times. From the electron microscopy, we noted a surprising tendency for the silica monomers to shrink with residence time.
HLA non-A,B,C class I genes: their structure and expression.

Clearly, the human genome includes a group of genes closely related to but distinct from the HLA class I genes encoding the HLA-A, -B, and -C major transplantation antigens. These non-A,B,C class I genes, designated as HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G, are on the short arm of chromosome 6 and part of the HLA class I gene family. Although the human HLA-E, -F, and -G genes have features in common with the murine Qa- and Tla-genes, e.g. little allelic polymorphism, their relationship to the murine Qa- and Tla-region genes remains unclear. It has been suggested that the nonclassical MHC class I molecules function as ligands for gamma-delta T lymphocytes. The speculation is supported by the recent reports of a murine Qa-1 restricted gamma-delta T cell hybridoma and recognition of a TL antigen by gamma delta T cell receptors. The amino acid sequences of the HLA-E, -F, and -G encoded proteins suggest that each protein is likely to fold three-dimensionally into a structure very similar to HLA-A2 and has a capability of presenting a bound peptide at the cell surface. In light of the possible role of bound peptide in the expression of a class I molecule at the cell surface, it is interesting to note that the HLA-E and HLA-F molecules, even in association with beta 2-microglobulin, could not be detected at the cell surface of a transfected B-LCL. In contrast, the HLA-G molecule was found at the surface of transfected B-LCLs. Both HLA-E and HLA-F are less similar in sequence to HLA-A,B,C than is HLA-G. One explanation would be that the HLA-E and -F molecules have a mutation such that they are no longer able to bind peptide. If the HLA-G molecule does function to present peptide to T lymphocytes, there are features unique to HLA-G that should impact on its ability to perform this function. Both the analysis of HLA-G RNA and protein in trophoblasts indicate that HLA-G, unlike HLA-A, -B, -C, is relatively nonpolymorphic. Since HLA-A,B,C polymorphism is thought to increase the number of different peptides that these molecules can bind, HLA-G is likely to be able to bind a relatively limited variety of peptides. HLA-G also differs from HLA-A, -B, and -C in that it seems to only be expressed by placental amniochorionic trophoblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Long-term growth and succession in restored and natural mangrove forests in southwestern Florida

We compared colonization, growth and succession from 1989 to 2000 in a restored mangrove site and in gap and closed canopy sites in a natural mangrove forest. The restored site was created in 1982 and planted with Rhizophora mangle (≈2 m−2) propagules. By 1989, Laguncularia racemosa, with densities up to 12.9 tree m−2, was a dominant in all plots, although densities were greater at edge plots relative to inner plots, and near open water (west plots) relative to further inland (east plots), and in tall mangrove plots relative to scrub plots. Rhizophora mangle (1989 tree densities about 2 m−2) was a codominant in inner and scrub plots, while Avicennia germinans had the lowest densities (<1 tree m−2) in all plots. From 1989 to 2000 L. racemosa experienced reduced recruitment and apparent density-dependent mortality of canopy individuals in plots with high initial densities. Scrub plots experienced high rates of colonization by R. mangle and L. racemosa, rapid growth in height of all species (1989–1996), followed by a dieoff of L. racemosa in later years (1997–2000) as the canopy came to resemble that of tall mangrove plots. Colonization and growth rates were lower in gap and closed canopy regions of the natural forest relative to rates in the restored site. After 11 years, densities of L. racemosa were 10–20× lower and R. mangle slightly less in the gap relative to densities in tall mangrove plots in the restored site at the same age. Although the restored stand had converged with the natural forest by 2000 in terms of some factors such as species richness, vegetation cover, litterfall, and light penetration, trees were still much smaller and stem densities much higher. Full development of mature structure and ecological function will likely require decades more development.
ON THE ORIGIN OF CONVENTION: EVIDENCE FROM COORDINATION GAMES†

We report the results of a coordination game experiment. The experiment carefully distinguishes between conventions based on labels and conventions based on populations. Our labels treatments investigate the abstraction assumptions that underlie the concept of a strategy, while our population treatments investigate the attraction of alternative mutually consistent ways to play under adaptive behaviour. We observe conventions emerging in communities with one population and labels and with two populations and no labels, but the most effective treatment is two labelled populations. We estimate logistic response learning models for individual subject behaviour. Of the models considered, a version of exponential fictitious play fits our data best.
Petrology of Oligocene and early Miocene calc-alkalic volcanism in the Marysvale area, Utah

The Marysvale region, located in the High Plateaus of south-central Utah (Fig. 1), was the site of extensive and prolonged volcanism from middle to late Cenozoic time. The area contains flows, breccias, and pyroclastics some 3,000 m thick covering approximately 1,000 km 2 . The volcanics range in composition from basalt to rhyolite and in age from 30 m.y. to at least 7 m.y. old. The general geology and volcanic stratigraphy of the Marysvale area has been studied by Callaghan and co-workers (Callaghan, 1939; Callaghan and Parker, 1961a, 1961b, 1962a, 1962b; Willard and Callaghan, 1962) and more recently by Steven and Cunningham (Steven and others, 1977; Cunningham and Steven, 1977). The volcanic stratigraphy of the surrounding southern High Plateaus has been described by Rowley and Anderson (Rowley, 1968; Anderson and Rowley, 1975; Rowley and others, 1975), but correlations of volcanic sequences of rocks between the High Plateaus and the Marysvale area remain problematic. The reader is referred to Steven and others (1977) for a comprehensive discussion of the Marysvale stratigraphy.
Ride Quality Evaluation 1. Questionnaire Studies of Airline Passenger Comfort

As part of a larger effort to assess passenger comfort in aircraft, two questionnaires were administered: one to ground-based respondents; the other to passengers in flight. Respondents indicated the importance of various factors influencing their satisfaction with a trip, the perceived importance of various physical factors in determining their level of comfort, and the ease of time spent performing activities in flight. The in-flight sample also provided a rating of their level of comfort and of their willingness to fly again. Comfort ratings were examined in relation to (1) type of respondent, (2) type of aircraft, (3) characteristics of the passengers, (4) ease of performing activities, and (5) willingness to fly again.
Anisotropic vapor phase growth of Ga2O3 crystalline nanobelts

Abstract Ga 2 O 3 nanobelts were synthesized by gas reaction at high temperature in the presence of oxygen in ammonia. X-ray diffraction and chemical microanalysis revealed that the nanostructures were Ga 2 O 3 with the monoclinic structure. Electron microscopy study indicated the nanobelts were single crystalline with broad (0 1 0) crystallographic planes. The nanostructures grew anisotropically with the growth direction of [ 6 0 4 ¯ ] . Statistical analysis of the anisotropic morphology of the nanobelts and electron microscopy investigation of the nanobelt tips indicated that both vapor–solid and vapor–liquid–solid mechanisms controlled the growth process. The anisotropic nature of crystallographic morphology is explained in terms of surface energy.
Processing multiple files

Problems faced by an APL user in dealing with multiple files are explained, and a new approach to solve them based on finite-machine techniques is described.
Complexity of dense-linear-system solution on a multiprocessor ring

Abstract Different algorithms, based on Gaussian elimination, for the solution of dense linear systems of equations are discussed for a multiprocessor ring. The number of processors is assumed not to exceed the problem size. A fairly general model for data transfer is proposed, and the algorithms are analyzed with respect to their requirements of arithmetic as well as communication times.
Three-dimensional temporal reconstruction and analysis of plume images

An experiment with two subsonic jets generating a cross-flow was conducted as part of a study of the structural features of temporal reconstruction of plume images. The flow field structure was made visible using a direct injection flow visualization technique. It is shown that image analysis and temporal three-dimensional visualization can provide new information on the vortical structural dynamics of multiple jets in a cross-flow. It is expected that future developments in image analysis, quantification and interpretation, and flow visualization of rocket engine plume images may provide a tool for correlating the engine diagnostic features by interpreting the evolution of the structures in the plume.
The epidemiology of chemical eye injuries.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology and identify categories of agents involved in chemical eye injuries.Methods: Retrospective case series of consecutive cases of chemical eye injury presenting to the emergency department (ED) at a large eye hospital. Six-hundred and thirty-three patients presented to the ED between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009 for treatment of 640 chemical eye injuries. Information was collected via medical record review and chemical agents were classified into logical categories based on the patient-reported intended use of the product. Demographic measures, month of service, work-related status, and visual acuity at presentation were described overall and by chemical agent category.Results: Males were more often observed than females (58.4% vs. 41.6%). The mean age across all categories was 33.6 years. More injuries were observed in warmer months. The mean visual acuity for all available injured eyes was 0.17 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/30 Snellen). The ...
Magnetically anchored camera and percutaneous instruments maintain triangulation and improve cosmesis compared with single-site and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background This study evaluated operative outcomes and ergonomics for a magnetic camera (MAGS) used in conjunction with percutaneous instruments [percutaneous surgical set (PSS)] compared with single-site laparoscopic (SSL) and conventional laparoscopic (LAP) cholecystectomy techniques.
Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs: methadone maintenance and needle-exchange programs to reduce the medical and public health consequences of drug abuse.

Abstract Extensive evaluation studies show that methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) reduces heroin use and associated problems in a cost-effective manner, without negative public health impact. MMT is limited by inadequate funding and understanding of relevant research, extensive regulation, and limits on the freedom of physicians to provide methadone in a variety of medical settings. Broad-based medical, public health, and scientific support exists for expansion of MMT with greater emphasis on consistency and quality, and provision of ancillary services. Programs for the exchange, free distribution, and legal pharmacy sale of needles and syringes reduce injection drug use and prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens; drug abuse treatment and other services are important components. Neither strategy increases existing drug use nor leads to drug use initiation. The scientific literature supports assertions that drug abuse issues should be treated primarily as medical and public health rather than crimina...
Motivation and Moral Development as Determinants of Behavioral Acquiescence and Moral Action

Summary In a study of the influence of motives and moral judgment ability on acquiescent behavior and moral action under varying degrees of social pressure, female undergraduates (n = 80) of two different motivational orientations—safety and esteem—were tested for their level of moral development by means of Kohlberg's schema, and formed into four comparison groups—(a) safety-oriented conventional (stage 3), (b) safety-oriented post-conventional (stage 5), (c) esteem-oriented stage 3, and (d) esteem-oriented stage 5. Either as a member of a three person group and subjected to strong social pressure or alone, Ss were instructed to act as a jury and were given a legal case to deliberate (which presented a complex moral dilemma to solve) and told to reach a verdict. As predicted, the results indicated that the esteem-oriented Ss did not acquiesce and were consistent in the moral action across situations. In the group condition, safety-oriented individuals acquiesced to the social pressure of two confederates...
Myocardial Mass in Morbidly Obese Patients and Changes with Weight Reduction

Cardiac weight was determined at autopsy in 27 morbidly obese, but otherwise healthy men (mean weight 168 kg) and women (mean weight 138 kg) who died suddenly, prior to, or shortly after gastric restriction operations for relief of obesity. They had lost no weight. Post-mortem examination revealed no cardiac or other pathology explaining the cause of death. Cardiac weight was also measured in 25 men and women of equivalent baseline weight and body mass index who, after operation, subsisted on a hypocaloric diet for 3-4 months after operation, but then died suddenly. Mean weight losses of this latter group were 45.8 kg in men and 32.9 kg in women. No cardiac abnormalities and no organic causes of death were found at autopsy. Decreases in heart weight were calculated. The baseline measurements demonstrated that cardiac weight in the healthy obese rose with increasingly severe obesity in both sexes, but the increase tended to lessen with more extreme obesity. The generally quoted figures of cardiac weight as a fraction of body weight are 0.043 and 0.040% for men and women, respectively. In the group of morbidly obese men, cardiac weight was 0.035% of body weight or 16% lower than predicted. In morbidly obese women, cardiac weight was 0.030% of body weight or 25% lower than predicted. In men, a 28% body weight reduction due to dietary restriction resulted in a proportionately similar 20% decrease in cardiac weight. In contrast, in women after a 27% loss of body weight, cardiac weight decreased only 5%. Severe dietary restriction with a drastic body weight loss did not result in a disproportionate decrease of cardiac weight in either sex, when final body weight had remained above or in the normal range.
Weight loss intervention for obese older women: improvements in performance and function.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of a 3-month weight loss program for obese older women with short-term laboratory, performance, functional, and life quality outcomes. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a pre- and postintervention design. Community-dwelling women (n = 26) ≥60 years old with BMI ≥30 were enrolled in a 3-month weight loss program promoting prudent diet, behavior modification, and physical activity. The primary emphasis of the program was on health, function, and quality of life. The approach was specifically tailored to older subjects through use of large-font instructional materials, supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, and moderate weight loss and physical activity goals. An initial assessment by a bariatric physician was followed by eight visits with a dietitian and a follow-up physician visit. Measurements included anthropometrics, body composition, laboratories, pedometer, physical performance, Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey (SF-36), Life Space Assessment, and dietary assessment. Results: Eighteen participants completed the program. There was a significant decrease in mean body weight (100 ± 15 vs. 96 ± 18 kg, p = 0.006), with a mean weight loss of 4.3 ± 5.5 kg (range −15.5 to +7.20 kg). Significant improvements were observed for diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, physical performance, pedometer-measured step counts, and step climb and descent. Self-rated physical functioning (SF-36 subscore) and vitality (SF-36 subscore) were also significantly improved. Discussion: It is feasible for self-selected obese older women to achieve a moderate weight loss and increase in physical activity resulting in short-term improvements in laboratory, physical performance, self-reported function, vitality, and life quality outcomes.
Bandwidth and Fidelity on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory: Replicability and Reliability of Saucier's (1998) Item Cluster Subcomponents

Many users of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992) are unaware that Saucier (1998) developed item cluster subcomponents for each broad domain of the instrument similar to the facets of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). In this study, I examined the following: the replicability of the subcomponents in young adult university and middle-aged community samples; whether item keying accounted for additional covariance among items; subcomponent correlations with a measure of socially desirable responding; subcomponent reliabilities; and subcomponent discriminant validity with respect to age-relevant criterion items expected to reflect varying associations with broad and narrow traits. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that all subcomponents were recoverable across samples and that the addition of method factors representing positive and negative item keying improved model fit. The subcomponents correlated no more with a measure of socially desirable responding than their parent domains and showed good average reliability. Correlations with criterion items suggested that subcomponents may prove useful in specifying which elements of NEO-FFI domains are more or less related to variables of interest. I discuss their use for enhancing the precision of findings obtained with NEO-FFI domain scores.
Correlations between neural discharges are related to receptive field properties in cat primary auditory cortex

The functional role of correlated neural activity in auditory cortex for the processing of sounds was explored by investigating whether and how cross-correlation parameters are related to receptive field similarities of neurons. Multi-unit activity was recorded simultaneously from several sites of isofrequency domains in primary auditory cortex. At each site various receptive field properties were determined. From the discharges of pairs of clusters, normalized cross-correlation histograms (CCH) were calculated for extended periods of spontaneous activity and for periods with noise-burst stimulation. In both conditions, most CCHs exhibited a symmetrical positivity near the origin of the CCH, a few to several tens of milliseconds wide. Cross-correlation histograms were characterized with two parameters: the correlation strength, which was estimated from the peak correlation, and the correlation width, i.e. the time period of correlated firing, which was measured as the width of the positivity at half height. It was found that correlation strength increased and correlation width narrowed with increasing similarity of the receptive fields of two clusters. These relationships were observed both in the acoustically-driven and spontaneous conditions. Specifically, correlation strength was most strongly associated with similarity in binaural interaction and in temporal response properties such as response onset, response offset and the temporal pattern of the response. Correlation width was predominantly associated with similarity in characteristic frequency, bandwidth and intensity threshold. Results suggest that correlated activity, reflecting potential mechanisms involved in the neural computation in auditory cortex, provides a means to evaluate the properties of the functional organization of auditory cortex. Systematic relationships were found between correlation properties and the receptive field-based organization of cortical processing, suggesting that similar general mechanisms are utilized in many parts of the sensory cortex. In particular, the magnitude and/or the time period of synchronized firing of neurons is increased if the receptive field properties of the involved neurons are similar.
Public health strategies for prevention and control of HSV-2 in persons who use drugs in the United States

Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) affects HIV acquisition, transmission, and disease progression. Effective medications for genital herpes and for HIV/AIDS exist. Parenteral transmission of HIV among persons who inject drugs is decreasing. Reducing sexual transmission of HIV and HSV-2 among persons who use drugs (PWUD; i.e., heroin, cocaine, “speedball”, crack, methamphetamine through injection or non-injection) necessitates relevant services. Methods We reviewed HSV-2 sero-epidemiology and HSV-2/HIV associations in U.S.-based studies with PWUD and the general literature on HSV-2 prevention and treatment published between 1995 and 2012. We used the 6-factor Kass framework to assess relevant HSV-2 public health strategies and services in terms of their goals and effectiveness; identification of, and minimization of burdens and concerns; fair implementation; and fair balancing of benefits, burdens, and concerns. Results Eleven studies provided HSV-2 serologic test results. High HSV-2 sero-prevalence (range across studies 38–75%) and higher sero-prevalence in HIV-infected PWUD (97–100% in females; 61–74% in males) were reported. Public health strategies for HSV-2 prevention and control in PWUD can include screening or testing; knowledge of HSV-2 status and partner disclosure; education, counseling, and psychosocial risk-reduction interventions; treatment for genital herpes; and HIV antiretroviral medications for HSV-2/HIV co-infected PWUD. Conclusions HSV-2 sero-prevalence is high among PWUD, necessitating research on development and implementation of science-based public health interventions for HSV-2 infection and HSV-2/HIV co-infections, including research on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such interventions, to inform development and implementation of services for PWUD.
On the Zitterbewegung of the relativistic electron

Certain 'inconsistencies' in the derivation of the Zitterbewegung solution for Heisenberg equations for the Dirac electron, reported by Sherry (see ibid., vol.9, p.301-2 (1988)) are shown to be incorrect.
Is Assortative Mating the Cause for the High Frequency of Connexin 26 (Cx 26) Deafness

Recessive mutations at Cx 26 are known to be the cause of nearly half of all genetic deafness in many populations. Since assortative mating is known to increase the variance of continuous traits and the frequency of qualitative genetic phenotypes (such as recessive deafness), it seems possible that the high frequency of Cx 26 deafness may be related to the mating structure of the deaf population. During the past 200 years, improvements in educational, social and economic circumstances have lead to an increase in the fertility of the deaf along with the appearance of assortative mating in many western populations including the United States. The new deaf by deaf mating pool has increased the frequency of common forms of recessive deafness such as Cx 26 because the non-complementary matings which produce many of the deaf offspring from these marriages are proportional to the fourth power of the gene frequency. Existing data on the frequency of non-complementary marriages among the deaf in the 19th century suggest that the incidence of Cx 26 deafness has increased in the past 100 years along with the proportion of deaf children bom to deaf parents. Current observations also suggest that the high frequency of Cx 26 deafness may be confined to populations with a long tradition of intermarriage among the deaf. In Japan, for example, Fuse et al (Neuro report 10:1853, 1999) found Cx 26 deafness in only four of 20 multiplex sibships (20%). The comparable rate for multiplex probands in the U.S. is 49% (Green et al, JAMA 281:2211, 1999). Although we are not aware of data on the frequency of deaf by deaf matings in Japan, they were virtually unheard of in India in the past, and accounted for only about 1% of the marriages of the deaf in a reported survey from China (Liu et al, Chinese Med Genet 5:193, 1988). All of these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in the mating structure may have contributed to differences in the current distribution of this trait throughout the world.
Hyperlipemia and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Polynesian population of Rarotonga

Abstract Total cholesterol, total triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and their relation to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were investigated in a population of Polynesian Maoris in Rarotonga who are becoming increasingly westernized. 8.5% of the population had plasma triglyceride elevation (triglyceride ≥ 200 mg/dl), and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in males than females. 5.8% of the population had elevations of total cholesterol (cholesterol ≥ 250 mg/dl), and the proportion with elevation of total cholesterol was similar for males and females. 3.2% of the population had elevations of both triglyceride and cholesterol. HDL cholesterol concentrations were relatively low, and no sex differences were observed at any age. Analysis of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in a subset of those who had hyperlipemia indicated that the elevations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were mainly due to elevations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride, respectively; furthermore, elevations of VLDL triglyceride and LDL cholesterol were significantly correlated with increase in VLDL apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL apo B, respectively. Although an appreciable prevalence of diabetes was observed in this population (male: 6.7%, female: 8.4%), the diabetes could not account for the hyperlipemia. Among 693 subjects between the ages of 30 and 59 years, approx. 3% of males and 1% of females had Q-wave changes, and 16% of females and 4% of males had ST-T changes. Among males with Q-wave abnormalities, hyperlipemia was more frequent. There was also increased frequency of hypertension in those with elevated lipids. The data indicate the occurrence of some hyperlipemia in this population which could be of the familial-combined type; the elevated plasma lipids may contribute to the increased frequency of coronary heart disease.
Meeting the Cool Neighbors. I. Nearby Stars in the NLTT Catalogue: Defining the Sample

We are currently undertaking a program aimed at identifying previously unrecognized late-type dwarfs within 20 pc of the Sun. As a first step, we have cross-referenced Luyten's NLTT proper-motion catalog against the second incremental release of the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) Point Source Catalog and use optical/infrared colors, derived by combining Luyten's mr estimates with 2MASS data, to identify candidate nearby stars. This paper describes the definition of a reference sample of 1245 stars and presents a compilation of literature data for more than one-third of the sample. Only 274 stars have trigonometric parallax measurements, but we have used data for nearby stars with well-determined trigonometric parallaxes to compute color-magnitude relations in the (MV, V-K), (MV, V-I), and (MI, I-J) planes and use those relations to determine photometric parallaxes for NLTT stars with optical photometry. Based on the 2MASS JHKs data alone, we have identified a further 42 ultracool dwarfs (J-Ks > 0.99) and use J-Ks colors to estimate photometric parallaxes. Combining these various techniques, we identify 308 stars with formal distances of less than 20 pc, while a further 46 have distance estimates within 1 σ of our survey limit. Of these 354 stars, 75, including 39 of the ultracool dwarfs, are new to nearby-star catalogs. Two stars with both optical and near-infrared photometry are potential additions to the immediate solar neighborhood, with formal distance estimates of less than 10 pc.
Observing Behavior in Pigeons: The Effect of Reinforcement Probability and Response Cost Using a Symmetrical Choice Procedure

Abstract Observing behavior allows an organism to observe discriminative stimuli without affecting the overall probability of reinforcement. Several explanations have been proposed for what underlies this behavior, including uncertainty reduction and various forms of conditioned reinforcement. In the present research, we attempted to assess the effect of probability of reinforcement using a two-alternative choice procedure. In Experiment 1, the response cost for observing the discriminative stimuli was the same as that for observing the nondiscriminative stimuli. The preference for discriminative stimuli was high at all levels of overall reinforcement probability from 12.5 to 87.5%, but it was highest when the overall probability of reinforcement was low. In Experiment 2, the strength of the preference for the discriminative stimuli was assessed by progressively increasing the response cost to obtain them (while the response cost for obtaining the nondiscriminative stimuli remained low) until the preference was reversed. The lower the reinforcement probability, the greater the response cost to obtain the discriminative stimuli that was required to reverse the preference. The present results offer support for certain conditioned reinforcement accounts of observing behavior. Furthermore, they suggest that the choice procedure, together with the titration of effort to obtain the discriminative stimuli, offers a sensitive test of the preference for discriminative stimuli.
Ultra modular plastic mini AUV platform for VSW mine reconnaissance

The Advanced Marine Systems Lab at FAU has developed a new ultra modular plastic mini AUV for coastal applications including very shallow water MCM. This vehicle is composed of modular injection molded plastic pressure vessels and a cabling system that allows the modules to be rearranged without rewiring bulkheads. The plastic pressure vessels are inexpensive, inherently mass producible, extremely corrosion resistant, and have low magnetic signature. The pressure vessels are small but are sized to fit most standard electronic board standards such as PC104, 3U VME, Compact PCI, STD 32, and even full size PCI. The mini AUV can be anywhere from 4 ft. to 10 ft. in length depending on its mission. A unique feature is the support for hovering capability with optional cross body thruster sections. The vehicle architecture is an adaptation of the Ocean Explorer AUV system and use a LonTalk distributed control network for connecting all sensor and actuator subsystems as smart nodes. The modularity is contained, control, and power makes this vehicle rapidly reconfigurable and easy to repair or upgrade. The small size of this AUV minimize top side support requirements. But because the Mini pressure vessels are still big enough to house most electronics systems almost all the sensor payloads designed for the larger Ocean Explorer AUV can be repacked to fit the Mini. Planned configurations include a rapid environmental assessment and mine reconnaissance package with side scan sonar, video, acoustic modem, Doppler velocity log, altimeter, Doppler current profiler, and CTD. A networkable acoustic modem system has also been developed at FAU and will enable multiple vehicle communications for coordinated multiple vehicle search and survey operations or for remote diver control. 3 AUVs are undergoing development and testing. This paper will present details of the design and construction of the new Mini AUV as well as explores applications to VSM MCM.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Capacity Evaluation of Suspended Ceiling Components, Part 1: Experimental Studies

The need to understand how ceiling systems perform during an earthquake is becoming increasingly important for the design or retrofit of new buildings to meet higher performance objectives. However, few studies have been conducted on suspension ceiling systems to identify where they are vulnerable. This first of two companion articles presents the results of an experimental program designed at the University of Nevada, Reno to evaluate the seismic capacity of suspended ceiling components. Forty-two monotonic and cyclic tests were performed to obtain the shear and bending capacities of ceiling joints as well as failure capacities of ceiling panels and hanger wires. The failure mechanisms observed in each of the components are described and used to develop seismic fragility curves for different suspended ceiling components.
Autoimmune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis.

Although the role of bacterial infection as the major determinant in the development of acute pyelonephritis has been well documented for years, the nature of the renal scarring typical of chronic “atrophic” pyelonephritis has been a matter of controversy for at least three decades. In the past, recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney was thought to be responsible for the pathologic entity of “chronic pyelonephritis.” However, more recent studies suggest that recurrent bacteriuria, in the absence of some form of obstructive uropathy, rarely produces chronic pyelonephritis. The close association between vesicoureteral reflux and chronic pyelonephritis has also been firmly established and has been observed to occur frequently in the absence of urinary tract infection. However, the mechanism by which vesicoureteral reflux injures the kidney has not been firmly established. A number of observations have suggested that some normal component of urine, particularly Tamm-Horsfall protein, might serve as an an...
Conceptual level and therapeutic responsiveness among counselor trainees

This study examined the relationship between conceptual level (CL) and therapeutic responsiveness (TR) among counselor trainees. It was hypothesized that trainees with high CL’s would be more able to formulate clinical impressions, be aware of their affective states, and make more effective verbal explorations to challenging and provocative client statements than their low CL counterparts. Additionally, it was hypothesized that empathy (EU) could be predicted from TR. Sixty-nine trainees from two master’s level counseling programs were assessed for CL (using the “This I Believe” Test) and for TR (using the Therapeutic Response Measure), and empathy (using the Emphathic Understanding Scale). Consistent with the literature the high CL participants functioned better as counselors on the TR task, although contrary to prediction, neither the high nor the low CL groups functioned well on this task. Significant differences between high CL and low CL’s were found for: awareness of affect p<.05; ability to respond effectively p<.01, and for overall TR, p<.001. Findings support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between CL and TR, and that TR is a predictor of empathic responding p<.05.
Contemporary endovascular embolotherapy for meningioma

Preoperative endovascular tumor embolization has been used for 40 years. Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumor in which preoperative embolization has been most extensively described in the literature. Advocates of embolization report that it reduces operative blood-loss, and softens the tumor, thus making surgery safer and easier. Opponents suggest that it adds additional risk and cost for patients without controlled studies showing conclusive benefit. The literature suggests a 3 to 6% neurological complication rate related to embolization. The combined external and internal carotid artery blood supply and complex anastomoses of the meninges can make embolization challenging. Positive outcomes require thorough knowledge of the pertinent vascular anatomy, familiarity with the neurovascular equipment and embolics, and meticulous technique. There remains debate on several aspects of embolization, including tumors most appropriate for embolization, embolic agent of choice, ideal size of embolic, and the choice of vessel(s) to embolize. This detailed review of pertinent vascular anatomy, embolization technique, results, and complications should allow practitioners to maximize treatment outcomes in this setting.
Spontaneous Regulation of Emotions in Preschool Children Who Stutter: Preliminary Findings.

Purpose Emotional regulation of preschool children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) was assessed through use of a disappointing gift (DG) procedure (P. M. Cole, 1986; C. Saa...
Solvent Effects for Nonadiabatic Proton Transfer in the Benzophenone/N,N-Dimethylaniline Contact Radical Ion Pair

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy is employed in determining the dynamics of proton transfer within a variety of substituted benzophenones/N,N-dimethylaniline in a series of alkanenitrile solvents. A correlation of the rate constants for proton transfer with driving force reveals a normal region and an inverted region for proton transfer. The kinetics are analyzed within two theoretical frameworks for nonadiabatic proton transfer. The Borgis−Hynes model, which is based upon a low-frequency promoting mode that modulates the tunneling frequency, is found to be only in qualitative accord with the experiment. The Lee−Hynes model, which not only includes a low-frequency promoting mode but also allows for contributions from vibrational excitation of the proton reaction coordinate in the reactant and product states, is found to give an excellent fit to the experimental data.
TDR Program Performance in Florida

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs can help manage growth through the exchange of development rights from sending areas targeted for protection ...
A TOXIC FACTOR CAUSING RESISTANCE IN A WILD TOMATO TO THE TOBACCO HORNWORM AND SOME OTHER INSECTS

Resistance in the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum P.I. 134417 to Manduca sexta L. is due primarily to the presence of a toxic factor. A concentrated chloroform extract from the foliage was also toxic to Heliothis zea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii and Myzus persicae. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG EIN TOXISCHER FAKTOR, DER RESISTENZ EINER WILDEN TOMATE GEGEN DEN TABAKSCHWAERMER VERURSACHT Resistenz der wilden Tomate, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum P.I. 134417, gegen den Tabakschwarmer, Manduca sexta L., wird in erster Linie durch einen toxischen Faktor in den Ausscheidungen der zahlreichen Drusenhaare der Blatter verursacht. Ungereinigte Ausscheidungen der Drusenhaare fuhrten bei behandelten Raupen zu 91% Mortalitat nach 6 Stunden. Ein Chloroformextrakt, bei dem wachs- und gummiartige Substanzen, Pigmente und polare Stoffe entfernt worden waren, wirkte in der Dampfphase giftig auf Schwarmerraupen. Der gereinigte Extrakt war ausserdem gegen Heliothis zea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii und Mycus persicae giftig.
Cellular and molecular regulation of cardiac glucose transport

Tremendous advances have recently been achieved in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating glucose transport in the heart and other tissues. An intricate network of signaling molecules and intracellular proteins trigger and mediate the vesicular movement of GLUT vesicles, targeting them to the sarcolemma. Ongoing research in this area promises to further define these mechanisms in the heart, which may lead to potential targets for pharmacologic or gene therapy to modulate glucose transport in the heart.
The DX Center: Evidence for Charge Capture Via an Excited Intermediate State

We review three important experimental results which suggest that electron capture and emission by the DX center in AlxGa1-xAs proceeds via an excited intermediate state: the very different dependencies of the thermal capture and emission rates on alloy composition, the exponential dependence of the thermal capture rate on the quasi-equilibrium Fermi energy, and the thermal activation of the hot electron capture rate. None of these results is readily explained by a conventional lattice relaxation model, in which an electron is captured directly from the lowest lying band edge, but each can be simply explained if the dominant channel for multiphonon capture isvia a transition state which lies well above the band edge. This picture is consistent with recent pseudopotential calculations which predict that the lattice relaxed state (the DX state) is stabilized by capture of more than one electron, since such a model naturally admits the possibility of an intermediate one-electron state.
Implication of spatial uniformity on vicarious calibration using automated test sites

A preferred method of ground-based vicarious calibration is the reflectance-based approach, which requires personnel to be present at a test site during sensor overpass. The Remote Sensing Group at the University of Arizona developed an instrumentation suite and methodology in 2004 to measure the surface and atmospheric characteristics in the absence of personnel. Field campaigns typically occur at a rate of once per month during the academic year, and increase during the summer months. The automated approach allows data to be collected during every overpass of large-footprint sensors such as Terra and Aqua MODIS, and AVHRR, which are continuously collecting data. The large-footprint-sensor site at Railroad Valley is 1 km2. In the absence of personnel, the surface bidirectional reflectance factor is measured using five nadir-viewing radiometers that are currently located at the site. Their locations are chosen based on the topography of the site in an effort to "completely" sample the 1-km2 area. This work quantifies the uncertainty in predicting the surface reflectance of the 1-km2 area based on the point measurements of the automated methodology. It also determines if the number of radiometers, and their positions, are suitable to characterize the site in a spatial sense. These uncertainties are determined through the use of portable spectroradiometers, and high-spatial-resolution QuickBird imagery.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE L-TO-M TRANSITION OF THE BACTERIORHODOPSIN PHOTOCYCLE

Abstract Structural intermediates occurring in the photocycle of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin are trapped by illuminating hydrated, glucose-embedded purple membrane at 170K, 220K, 230K, and 240K. We characterize light-induced changes in protein conformation by electron diffraction difference Fourier maps, and relate these to previous work on photocycle intermediates by infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples illuminated at 170K are confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy to be in the L state; a difference Fourier projection map shows no structural change within the 0.35-nm resolution limit of our data. Difference maps obtained with samples illuminated at 220K, 230K, and 240K, respectively, reveal a progressively larger structural response in helix F when the protein is still in the M state, as judged by the FTIR spectra. Consistent with previous structural studies, an adjustment in the position or in the degree of ordering of helix G accompanies this motion. The model of the photocycle emerging from this and previous studies is that bacteriorhodopsin experiences minimal change in protein structure until a proton is transferred from the Schiff base to Asp 85 . The M intermediate then undergoes a conformational evolution that opens a hydrated "half-channel," allowing the subsequent reprotonation of the Schiff base by Asp 96 .