cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation for a school-based physical activity intervention for 6th- and 7th-grade boys: reach, dose, and fidelity

The purpose was to evaluate the reach, dose, and fidelity of Guys Only Activity for Life (G.O.A.L.), a 7-week pilot intervention conducted from February to March 2011 to increase 6th and 7th grade boys' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). One middle school was randomly assigned to the G.O.A.L. intervention and another from the same urban school district in the Midwestern U.S. to a comparison condition. Thirty boys, ages 10-14 years, participated in each school. The intervention, guided by the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), consisted of a 90-min after-school physical activity club 4 days/week and one motivational interviewing session with a registered (school) nurse. Data were gathered via attendance records, club observations, heart rate monitors, audio-taping of motivational interviewing sessions, and surveys. On average boys attended the club 2.11 days/week (SD=.86). A trained independent process evaluator reported that the physical activity club instructors provided the boys with the opportunity for a mean of 25.8 min/day of MVPA. Using a four-point Likert scale (1=disagree a lot; 4=agree a lot), the process evaluator perceived that the club was delivered with high fidelity and adherence to the underlying theories (M=3.48; SD=0.39). Sessions with the nurse lasted an average of 13 min, 29 s. All boys attended. Two trained independent coders indicated that the nurse demonstrated at least beginning proficiency for all tasks associated with motivational interviewing, with the exception of using sufficient open- as opposed to closed-ended questions and reflections compared to questions. Fidelity related to session delivery and adherence to the theories was high (M=3.83; SD=0.19). The process evaluation data indicated that strategies are needed to increase attendance and boys' MVPA during the club time.
Altered Expression of p27 and Skp2 Proteins in Prostate Cancer of African-American Patients

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate the clinical relevance of altered patterns of p27 and Skp2 expression in African-American patients with localized prostate cancer. The abundance of p27, an inhibitor of cell proliferation, is controlled by Skp2-dependent proteolysis. Experimental Design : A well-characterized cohort of 162 African-Americans who underwent radical prostatectomy at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center of New York between 1990 and 2000 was studied. We analyzed p27 and Skp2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Altered expression of p27 (defined as Results: Altered expression of p27 and Skp2 was observed in 112 of 162 (69.1%) and 93 of 162 (57.4%) cases, respectively. Inverse patterns of Skp2 and p27 protein expression were seen in 87 of 162 (53.7%) cases. A marginally significant association was found between Skp2 overexpression and extracapsular extension ( P = 0.065). Moreover, patients with Skp2 overexpression had a 2.77 years decreased median time to PSA recurrence compared with patients with low Skp2 expression; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, only tumor grade and stage independently predicted PSA recurrence in this cohort. Conclusions: Our data suggest a role for Skp2 overexpression in prostate cancer pathogenesis that might not be exclusively related to p27 degradation. More studies are needed to determine the mechanistic role of Skp2 in prostate cancer.
Bone marrow transplantation in children

Transplantation of haematopoietic cells describes those procedures by which pluripotential stem cells are collected and transferred from a donor to a recipient. In some cases the donor and recipient may represent the same individual as a form of 'self' or autologous transplantation. In the clinical context, the term bone marrow transplantation also defines the clinical and biological changes that persist for many months following the procedure, and which are sometimes associated with considerable morbidity. For example, the transplanted immune system has to re-educate itself by responding again to many of the infectious antigens commonly encountered in early childhood, in order to generate new memory lymphoid cells, and this means the post-transplant period can be a time of high infection risk. The foundations of marrow transplantation lie in studies performed over 30 years ago in which it was found that mice exposed to radiation doses sufficient to ablate the haematopoietic system could be saved by subsequent infusion of marrow cells obtained from either the animal itself prior to irradiation (autologous transplant), a genetically identical animal (syngeneic transplant), or from a genetically non-identical animal (allogeneic transplant). Although this article is titled bone marrow transplantation, other sources of stem cells exist, and these may be considered for transplantation. Stem
Near-vertical multiple ScS phases and vertically averaged mantle properties

Near-vertical multiple ScS (S waves reflected at the core-mantle boundary) phases are among the cleanest seismic phases traveling over several thousand kilometers in the Earth’s mantle and are useful for constraining the average attenuation and shear wave speed in the whole mantle. However, the available multiple ScS pairs are limited. We took advantage of the recent dramatic increase in the number of global broadband stations and made a thorough computer-assisted search for high-quality data of multiple ScS pairs. We could find 220 station-event pairs which provided us with robust local estimates of average Q (quality factor) and two-way shear wave travel times. With the assumption that geometric focusing caused by lateral velocity heterogeneity does not seriously affect the amplitude measurements, the Q values exhibit strong short-range lateral variations, with very high and very low Q regions adjacent to each other. The mantle beneath seismic station KIP (Hawaii) has normal Q and shear wave speed, which supports the result of earlier studies. The mantle beneath station AFI (Samoa Islands) has a very high Q, possibly larger than 1400, and the slowest shear wave speed. The stations on the upper plate of the Tonga and Japan subduction zones yield average to low Q values. In contrast, the stations on the trenchward side of the upper plate of some subduction zones, e.g., station LVC (Chile) and station PET (Kamchatka, Russia), indicate high Q values, larger than 1000. We found no obvious correlation between Q and shear wave speed, which suggests that different factors like temperature, composition, anisotropy, etc., are controlling these properties in the mantle of different tectonic environments.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty and/or kyphoplasty is an effective and safe treatment for painful vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma (MM)

7610 Background: Painful vertebral compression fractures are a major source of morbidity in MM. Vertebroplasty involves percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into a vertebral body...
Panic disorder: impact on quality of life.

The author reviews selected data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study of a probability sample of over 18,000 adults living in five U.S. communities. The data indicate that panic disorder, like major depression, is associated with impairments in quality of life. These impairments need to be considered in planning treatment and evaluating the efficacy of its outcome.
A topological perspective on cycling robots for full tree coverage

We study the topology of the space of coverings for a metric tree with disks embedded in the tree. Focusing on the coverings with excess one disk, we prove that its topological structure is that of a Cayley graph of the permutation group \(S_{n}\). What follows is a centralized algorithm for stabilizing periodic swarm coverings based upon feedback control with the designed vector field on a maximal subset of the space, removing discontinuity loci.
The Value of Grit for Chickens and Turkeys

Abstract SINCE chickens and turkeys are not equipped with teeth, the gizzard must take over the function of reducing the size of the coarse particles of food so that it can be acted upon efficiently by the enzymes concerned in digestion and assimilation. This grinding process is aided considerably by furnishing the birds with a hard, insoluble grit which, upon being consumed by the chicken or turkey, passes to the gizzard and remains there for a considerable period of time (Kaupp and Ivey, 1923), passing on through the remainder of the digestive tract only after it has been reduced by the grinding process to a size no longer capable of aiding in the attrition of the coarse particles of food. Upon finding that the gizzards of hens fed crushed limestone or crushed oyster shell contained approximately the same amounts of mineral material as hens fed granite grit, Waite (1935) concluded that …
Elastic Properties of Foams with Tetrakaidecahedral Cells Using Finite Element Analysis

A finite element method based micromechanics has been used for predicting the orthotropic properties of foams which have tetrakaidecahedral unit-cells. Both equi-sided and Kelvin-elongated tetrakaidecahedrons are studied. The results for elastic constants from the FE models agree well with that of available analytical models. The struts were modeled using both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam elements. It is found that classical beam theory over predicts the elastic moduli when the struts have smaller length to thickness ratio. Nomenclature a1 = Length of the representative volume element a2 = Width of the representative volume element a3 = Height of the representative volume element V = Volume of the representative volume element fij = Force in the direction i when displacement is applied in the direction j ∆1, ∆2, ∆3 = Components of an arbitrary displacement vector ∆ in the principal X, Y, and Z directions U = Strain energy of the system e1, e2, e3 = Strain components in the principal X, Y, and Z directions U0 = Strain energy density of the system [C] = Stiffness matrix of the foam eij = Macro-strain ui = Displacement in the i direction e0 = Applied macro-strain Ei
A Non-Canonical Role for β-Secretase in the Retina

It has long been established that β-Secretase (BACE) plays a critical role in the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s Disease patients, but it is only recently that the importance of β-secretases in retinal pathophysiology has been recognized. BACE expression is elevated in response to stress, and downregulation results in lysosomal abnormalities and mitochondrial changes. Inhibition of BACE can lead to reduced retinal function, retinal thinning, lipofuscin accumulation and vascular dysfunction in mice. Furthermore, BACE inhibition accelerates choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. We propose that BACE plays an important role in retinal homeostasis and that BACE upregulation in response to stress is a protective measure.
Interpreting Results from a Comparative Study of Lesion Detectability for 6 Different PET Systems

The article by Kadrmas and Christian ([1][1]), which appears in this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine , is a well-written account of a comprehensive study that compares lesion detectability of 6 different commercial PET imaging systems, including 2 state-of-the-art high-resolution dedicated
Empirical Research on Urban Household's Watermelon Consumption Behavior——Taking Beijing and Zhengzhou City as Examples

Based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey carried in Beijing and Zhengzhou city,this paper analyzed the basic features of the watermelon consuming behavior and factors affecting the watermelon purchase decision-making process as well as consumer's evaluation on watermelon. The results showed that watermelon played an important role in fruit consumption in summer,and the proportion of watermelon outdoor consumption would gradually increase. The two priorities affecting consumers' purchase intention were taste and fresh. Different consumer groups had different watermelon consumption behaviors. At last,some relevant suggestions were proposed.
Prehospital care of the patient with an injured chest.

The trauma patient with thoracic injury poses special problems for the paramedic. A chest injury frequently is a signal of other injury and calls attention to the need to transport the patient to the regional trauma center, regardless of triage criteria applicable in any general area. Fluids should be judiciously administered, and pneumatic garments should NOT be applied. Trocar chest tubes should be avoided. Airway management is of prime importance and can be assured and protected by the paramedics. Because time is of prime concern, the patient should be transported to a regional trauma center promptly; for distances of less than 35 miles, ground ambulances with advanced life-support equipment are preferable to air ambulances.
Beta-adrenergic inhibition of electrical and mechanical activity in canine colon: role of cAMP.

The effects of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation on the electrical and mechanical activity of canine colonic circular muscles were compared with forskolin (Fsk), a known stimulator of adenylate cyclase. The actions of isoproterenol (Iso) were mediated by beta 2-receptors. Iso and Fsk increased intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels in both the presence and absence of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas ACh (0.3 microM) alone reduced cAMP levels. These agents caused inhibition of spontaneous and ACh-induced contractions. Inhibition was associated with a reduction in the amplitude and duration of electrical slow waves recorded near the submucosal border. Near the myenteric border, Iso and Fsk hyperpolarized the membrane by up to 30 mV and changed the pattern of electrical rhythmicity. These effects were mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP (1-3 mM). Contractile inhibition with Fsk and Iso was associated with a decrease in the amplitude and duration of Ca2+ transients measured with fura-2 fluoresce...
Original research: The perioperative experience of patients with Parkinson's disease: a qualitative study.

ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to hear from patients with Parkinson's disease about their perioperative experiences and to describe those experiences using the patients’ own words, particularly with regard to antiparkinson medication withholding and symptom exacerbation.MethodWe conducted a d
Transfer reaction code with nonlocal interactions

Abstract We present a suite of codes (NLAT for nonlocal adiabatic transfer) to calculate the transfer cross section for single-nucleon transfer reactions, ( d , N ) or ( N , d ) , including nonlocal nucleon–target interactions, within the adiabatic distorted wave approximation. For this purpose, we implement an iterative method for solving the second order nonlocal differential equation , for both scattering and bound states. The final observables that can be obtained with NLAT are differential angular distributions for the cross sections of A ( d , N ) B or B ( N , d ) A . Details on the implementation of the T -matrix to obtain the final cross sections within the adiabatic distorted wave approximation method are also provided. This code is suitable to be applied for deuteron induced reactions in the range of E d = 10–70 MeV , and provides cross sections with 4% accuracy. Program summary Program title: NLAT Catalogue identifier: AFAY_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AFAY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License , version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 662136 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15253066 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 90. Computer: Dell Poweredge R620 (Intel XEON E5-2650v2) 2.9 GHz Intel Core i5. Operating system: Linux (Debian 7) Mac OSX. RAM: Around 3 GB Classification: 17.8, 17.9, 17.11, 17.16. Nature of problem: Calculates cross sections for deuteron induced single-nucleon transfer reactions using nonlocal potentials within the adiabatic distorted wave approximation. Solution method: See ‘Nature of problem’. Running time: Less than 2 hours. See sample output files without extension for indication of time taken.
Safety of outpatient cardiac exercise programs. Issues regarding medical supervision.

Medical supervision of cardiac exercise programs should be individualized to each patient’s needs. In order for this to be done, several factors must be considered, including the nature of increased risk during exercise due to coronary heart disease, ways to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications during exercise, the types of medical supervision available and their contributions to safety, and the other factors that are influenced by medical supervision, such as program availability and cost and patient reactivity and compliance.
Battery health-conscious online power management for stochastic datacenter demand response

This paper presents a stochastic control framework for optimizing datacenter power management. The paper focuses on datacenters employing lithium-ion batteries for demand response. The use of batteries for demand response can reduce electricity costs, at the expense of battery degradation. We minimize this degradation using a control policy that takes into account uncertainties in power demand. We perform this optimization using a second-order model of battery charge dynamics, coupled with a physics-based model of battery aging via solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that uses battery models capturing diffusion dynamics and nonlinear aging effects, together with a model of demand uncertainty, for datacenter energy management. We formulate this as a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) problem, where uncertain power demand is modeled as a Markov chain. The resulting control policy keeps grid power within a predefined range while minimizing battery degradation.
Improving Service Levels Using Internet of Things Infrastructure in Data Centers

Internet of things (IoT) is showing promise of digital innovation. It is becoming cheaper and easier to collect data from mechanical, electrical and control systems. It has become practical to perform asset instrumentation, predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance. Data center technologies include generators, uninterruptible power supplies, HVAC systems, liquid chiller loops, and all the power delivery circuits required for the data center. We have ability to measure parameters on a customer-by-customer basis. Creating an IoT platform to collect, store, analyze and deliver actionable intelligence to the right person real-time for predictive maintenance or resolve issues delivers increased customer service level agreements.
From Model Calibration and Validation to Reliable Extrapolations

The purpose of this paper is to propose and explore a validation and predictive assessment process that supports extrapolative predictions for models with known sources of error. In general, the ultimate purpose of most computational models is to make predictions, which are not experimentally observable. As a result assessing the validity of extrapolative predictions is more challenging than situations encountered in classical validation, where model outputs for observed quantities are compared to observations. In this paper a comprehensive approach is proposed to justify extrapolative predictions for models with known sources of error. The connection between model calibration, validation and prediction is made through the introduction of alternative uncertainty models used to model the localized errors. In addition a prediction assessment tool is introduced to characterize the reliability of model predictions in the absence of data. The proposed methodology is applied to an illustrative extrapolation problem involving a misspecified nonlinear oscillator.
Substance Abuse Counselors' Recovery Status and Self-Schemas: Preliminary Implications for Empirically Supported Treatment Implementation.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the relationship between substance abuse counselors' personal recov- ery status, self-schemas, and willingness to use empirically supported treatments for substance use disorders. Methods. A phenomenological qualitative study enrolled 12 practicing substance abuse counselors. Results. Within this sample, recovering counselors tended to see those who suffer from addiction as qualitatively different from those who do not and hence themselves as similar to their patients, while nonrecover- ing counselors tended to see patients as experiencing a specific variety of the same basic human struggles everyone experiences, and hence also felt able to relate to their patients' struggles. Discussion. Since empirically supported treatments may fit more or less neatly within one or the other of these viewpoints, this finding suggests that coun- selors' recovery status and corresponding self-schemas may be related to counselor willingness to learn and practice specific treatments.
The antifungal pipeline: a reality check

Invasive fungal infections are a major medical concern, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this Review, Perfect discusses the antifungal pipeline, including advances in the currently used drug classes, novel molecular targets, drugs that could be repurposed from other areas and the use of immune-directed therapies. Invasive fungal infections continue to appear in record numbers as the immunocompromised population of the world increases, owing partially to the increased number of individuals who are infected with HIV and partially to the successful treatment of serious underlying diseases. The effectiveness of current antifungal therapies — polyenes, flucytosine, azoles and echinocandins (as monotherapies or in combinations for prophylaxis, or as empiric, pre-emptive or specific therapies) — in the management of these infections has plateaued. Although these drugs are clinically useful, they have several limitations, such as off-target toxicity, and drug-resistant fungi are now emerging. New antifungals are therefore needed. In this Review, I discuss the robust and dynamic antifungal pipeline, including results from preclinical academic efforts through to pharmaceutical industry products, and describe the targets, strategies, compounds and potential outcomes.
Comprehensive Analyses of the Mitochondrial Genome

Comprehensive molecular diagnoses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) related disorders must include detection and quantification of every single nucleotide variant (SNV) across the entire coding regions, as well as structural variations such as large deletions with mapping of the breakpoints. Traditionally, diagnosis of mtDNA-related disorders is achieved by employing step-wise procedures, such as PCR based Sanger sequencing for SNV, real time quantitative PCR for heteroplasmy quantification, and array CGH or Southern blot for large structural variations. Although these assays together have good clinical utility, these procedures are tedious and have technical limitations. More importantly, they may yield under-diagnoses or mis-diagnoses for some patients. The clinically validated massively parallel next generation sequencing (NGS) with deep coverage and proper quality control, as described “Zhang-Wong method”, can achieve a one-step cost-effective comprehensive diagnosis with greatly improved diagnostic yield, and is regarded as the “new gold standard” (Zhang et al. Clin. Chem. 58:1322–1331, 2012). The enhanced sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility of simultaneous detection and quantification of mtDNA SNVs, as well as the concurrent detection and junction characterization of single and multiple deletions offer extraordinary value in genetic counseling and patient management.
“You’re Not Listening”: Negotiating and Problematizing Ideal Interaction Through Metatalk About Listening in the Waco Standoff

Listening is typically taken for granted in interaction, and yet it has potential to become a conversational issue when one participant is not listening to the other’s satisfaction. This study focuses on that issue in the context of the crisis negotiations that took place during the standoff between the FBI and the Branch Davidians, in the Spring of 1993. Using concepts from grounded practical theory, it explores the intersection of talk and listening through analysis of “listening” as metatalk. The essay describes interactions in which the metatalk of listening reveals implicit negotiations about the meaning of listening and idealizing features of interaction. Implications reflect on the communication practices of listening, metatalk about listening, and crisis negotiation.
PathoGene™: a pathogen coding sequence discovery and analysis resource

PathoGene is a web-based resource that streamlines the process of predicting genes in microorganisms and designs PCR primers for amplification to facilitate sequence analysis and experimentation. PathoGene currently supports primer design for every complete microbial, viral, and fungal genome as cataloged in GenBank by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The resulting primers can then be subjected to a stand-alone Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system called PathoBLAST in which the predicted PCR product and/or primers can be compared against the genome of interest or a similar genome to find related genes or estimate primer quality.
Possible Reasons for Low Scientific Literacy of Slovak Students in Some Natural Science Subjects.

Background: The results of international studies have concluded the low level of science literacy in natural science subjects of Slovak students. These studies also showed that this state can be positively influenced by various innovations, which are implemented into the teaching process of above-mentioned subjects.Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify existing problems and try to search for possible reasons of scientific literacy declination. We focused our attention toward the learning process, its elements and teacher–student interaction in this process. In our opinion, it should be possible to find some approaches on how to improve the results of the learning process and thus science literacy in the next PISA evaluation.Sample: Our research included 62 high school teachers from Slovakia, who do teach Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.Design and methods: The research was documented in a non-standardized questionnaire where the teachers were asked closed questions using a Likert response s...
Conflict, Cohesion, and Comrades in Arms: Social Implications of Robotics in the Military

Current thinking about military leadership rests on an historic set of understandings, norms, and values, including ideas like honor, courage, and character. And leadership provides the backbone for military organization. But emerging technological advances will have effects on the ways in which warfighters exercise autonomy and agency at all levels of the military organization. Warfighters will increasingly be called upon to work with robots (including being paired with a robot as a sort of robot–human hybrid), to supervise robots, and perhaps even to take orders from robots. Can traditional military understandings of leadership and character be reconciled with these technological advances or does the paradigm of military leadership require a fundamental rethinking?
Neurocognitive Comorbidities in Pediatric Epilepsy: Lessons in the Laboratory and Clinical Profile.

Abstract Children with epilepsy are at risk for a variety of neurocognitive comorbidities. Animal models have increased our understanding about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the association between seizures and these comorbidities. This article starts with an overview of the current data on animal model research, studying the influence of early-life seizures, followed by a summary of potential cellular and molecular mechanisms by which seizures can affect cognitive development. We then describe specific abnormal neuropsychological profiles that accompany specific pediatric epilepsy syndromes. Finally, we offer a potential guideline to the treatment and management of children with epilepsy and its neurocognitive comorbidities.
Abstract 14408: Hyperamylinemia Increases IL-1β Synthesis in the Heart via Peroxidative Sarcolemmal Injury

Introduction: Failing hearts of patients with obesity or type-2 diabetes contain large deposits of amylin, a diabetogenic hormone co-secreted with insulin. Hypothesis: Amylin deposition destabilizes the sarcolemma leading to peroxidative sarcolemmal damage and inflammation. Methods: The relationship of amylin deposition with the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) were tested in myocardial tissue from patients with heart failure (HF) and obesity (BMI≥30; O-HF; N=7) or type-2 diabetes (D-HF; n=5) vs. organ donors with BMI Results: Myocyte amylin uptake is associated with increased levels of 4-HNE, MDA and IL-1β. Compared to Ctl, amylin-MDA is 3.1-fold increased in O-HF (p Conclusion: These data suggest that exacerbated synthesis of IL-1β is a critical stress-activated signaling pathway in response to the interaction of aggregated amylin with myocytes.
My oh Miley Cyrus: analysing online comments from television performances in 2009, 2013, and 2015

The tone of comments posted to entertainment websites is used to analyse the attitudes of audiences exposed to televised performances by singer/actress Miley Cyrus in 2009, 2013, and 2015. Signific...
P-QRS-T localization in ECG using deep learning

This paper describes a work using the capabilities of deep neural networks to predict key wave locations in a cardiac complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as part of a challenge introduced by Physionet, a provider of ECG collections, on detecting critical waveforms that contain essen­tial information in cardiology. The key waves include P-wave, QRS-wave, and T-wave. Recent attempts to extract hierarchical features of cardiac complexes have been reported in literature, but finding the accurate position of critical cardiac waves has been a challenge in the ECG signal processing research. This study investigates multiple architectures and learning rates of the deep neural networks and adopts a four-step procedure to find the best one that can predict the wave locations. A remarkable rate of 96.2% of accuracy in the localization task has been achieved. This study consists of four parts to produce output predictions; obtaining the cardiac complexes from QT Databse (QTDB); introduce multiple architectures, including fully-connected networks, LeNet-style ConvNet with dropout, LeNet-style ConvNet without dropout and train these networks; use an unseen test set to calculate the accuracy of the system with different tolerance in each wave interval; compare all these architectures together to analyze the most suitable architecture for this task.
Otologic symptom improvement through TMD therapy.

Objective: To compare, under laboratory conditions, the efficacy of different polishing systems for various light-curing restorative materials. Method and Materials: Class 5 cavities were prepared in 65 human teeth and filled with 5 different light-curing restorative materials. To increase the number of samples, an extra 585 Class 5 cavities were made in resin disks and filled with the 5 different restorative materials. All restorations were polished with 13 polishing procedures commonly used in dental practice. The restoration surfaces were evaluated micromorphologically by means of SEM. A quantitative analysis of the polishing result was performed with the surface tester with waveline profilometry. The time required to achieve a polished surface was also measured. Results: Surfaces of all 5 restorative materials showed a satisfactory finish after treatment. SEM analysis and profilometry showed good surface qualities with large smooth, homogenous areas with low roughness. All polished surfaces were smoother than natural dental enamel. Sof-Lex, Super Snap, and Bush composite finished set 5430 systems showed the best areas with a smooth and homogenous surface. The extra effort required with several systems resulted in a smooth final restoration. Conclusion: The surface produced by the carbide finisher H134Q was rough, so it is useful for effective contouring of restorations. Application of the finishers H282K and H22ALGK led to a high share in good surface quality, which could be enhanced by using polishing paste as a final working step. The instruments H22GK and the systems One Gloss and Enhance were not recommendable. In comparison, the combination of H134Q and H22ALGK was effective, at the same time preserving tissue and saving time in finishing light-cured Class 5 restorations. The use of polishing paste as a final step is recommended.
The Interaction Between Filarial Parasites and Human Monocyte/Macrophage Populations

Lymphatic filariasis is a mafor tropical disease affecting approximately 120 million people worldwide. Patent infection, by and large, is clinically asymptomatic but is associated with the inability of T cells to proliferate or produce IFN-γ in response to parasite antigen. Monocyte dysfunction is one hypothesis felt to explain the lack of an antigen-specific T cell response. In fact, monocytes from filaria-infected individuals have been shown to be studded with internalized filarial antigens. Understanding how the phenotype and the function of these monocytes are altered through the internalization of these parasite antigens is one of the areas our laboratory has focused on. In fact, the existence and/or function of alternatively activated macrophages in murine models of filarial infections have been extensively studied. Whether this population of macrophages can be induced in human filarial infections is the main focus of this review.
On distinguishing justifiable from unjustifiable paternalism.

Limiting the right of patients to make their own medical decisions can be justified only when a patient lacks the competence to do so or pose a threat to others. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Engaged Archaeology: Whose Community? Which Public?

In this discussion, I treat community archaeology as a subset of public archaeology and consider the issues of community archaeology as a preamble to discussion of wider issues engendered by archaeologists attempting to orient their efforts to a public sphere. The most undertheorized aspect of community archaeology is the idea of community itself. Although archaeologists often discuss the competing concerns of various interest groups, such groups are either regarded as subgroups of a single community or as competing communities, but the term community is defined with a description of a particular set of people or simply left undefined. Here, I problematize the concept of community on three fronts: (1) any individual belongs to multiple communities; (2) community archaeology frequently reifies imaginary communities, which have been created by the archaeologists; and (3) community archaeology needs to consider not only descendant and local communities, but also those communities with political and economic power.
The Clostridium perfringens ɛ-Toxin

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on ɛ-toxin produced by the Clostridium perfringens types B and D but not A, C or E. They are responsible for producing severe and rapidly fatal enterotoxaemia: C. perfringens type B enterotoxaemia infection of lambs causes lamb dysentery while type D enterotoxaemia causes pulpy kidney disease in sheep and lambs. Several vaccines exist for the prevention of C. perfringens enterotoxaemia. The vaccines are based on formaldehydetreated cell filtrates or whole-cell cultures. The vaccines confer a high degree of protection in animals. The immunogenicity of the ɛ-toxin in the preparations has been reported to be variable and a more defined and consistent vaccine may be preferable. Immunity to a single epitope on the toxin has been shown to be sufficient to protect against purified ɛ-toxin and C. perfringens type D infection. Comparison of the etxB and etxD genes revealed two nucleotide differences within the open reading flame resulting in a single amino acid substitution. ɛ-Toxin was expressed from the etxB promoter in Escherichia coli, although only at low levels. ɛ-Prototoxin is preceded by a signal peptide resulting in the export of the prototoxin from C. perfringens.
Antiretroviral Adherence Trajectories Among Black Americans Living with HIV

Black people living with HIV (BPLWH) are less likely to adhere to antiretroviral treatment than are members of other racial/ethnic groups. Data were combined from two studies of BPLWH (n = 239) to estimate adherence trajectories using a semiparametric, group-based modeling strategy over three time-points (spanning 6 months). Analyses identified three groups of individuals (high-stable, moderately low-stable, low-decreasing). Multinomial logistic regressions were used to predict trajectory membership with multiple levels of socio-ecological factors (structural, institutional/health system, community, interpersonal/network, individual). Older age was associated with being in the high-stable group, whereas substance use, lower perceived treatment effectiveness, and lower quality healthcare ratings were related to being in the moderately low-stable group. In sum, multiple socio-ecological factors contribute to adherence among BPLWH and thus could be targeted in future intervention efforts.
Pediatric aphakic glaucoma: a study of 65 patients.

Abstract PURPOSE: The anterior segment findings of children with glaucoma following pediatric cataract extraction were studied to determine the mechanism of this complication. METHODS: The clinical records of 65 children with glaucoma cared for by the author were studied. Patients with bilateral lensectomy followed by bilateral glaucoma, bilateral lensectomy followed by unilateral glaucoma, and unilateral lens surgery followed by glaucoma were identified and studied. RESULTS: It was determined that vitreous cutting instruments were used for 80% of the lensectomy procedures, with 77% of the lens procedures done in the first year. Eighty-seven percent of the patients were recognized to have glaucoma two or more years after their lensectomy. Preoperative gonioscopy revealed no consistent angle defect, while postoperative gonioscopy revealed a near constant (96%) but variable angle defect characterized by blockage of the trabecular meshwork by an acquired repositioning of the iris against the posterior trabecular meshwork, associated with abnormal pigmentation and synechia formation. CONCLUSION: The results reported document the development of a characteristic acquired filtration angle deformity in children with glaucoma following early lensectomy frequently associated with significant residual lens tissue and unassociated with evidence of chronic anterior segment inflammation.
Lean Management: Inventory, Waste Management

In this chapter, we introduce the concept of lean management as it relates to ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). The main objectives of medical organizations, including ASCs, are compatible with the concepts of lean management. The practice management goals at ASCs mainly center on care that is more convenient for patients, with higher satisfaction and lower healthcare costs. Lean management aims to keep the items that add value while eliminating waste. We discuss different tools, such as Six Sigma and the 5S Method (sort, simplify, sweep, standardize, sustain), which can be effective for incorporating lean into ASCs. We list the seven wastes as related to ASCs with examples given and possible solutions discussed. Lean implementation is a time intensive and continuous improvement journey. It requires commitment from everyone in the enterprise. Application and implementation of lean principles and philosophies in ASC daily activities are essential to decrease waste, improve efficiency and quality, and ultimately lead to better and safer patient care.
A differential effect of release bursts on the stop voicing judgments of native French and English listeners

Removing the release burst from original word-final English /g/ tokens influenced the stop voicing judgments of native French but not native English subjects. The results suggest that the French subjects gave greater weight to release burst information because stops are usually released in the word-final position of French words.
Tenofovir Alafenamide for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis: What Can We DISCOVER About Its True Value?

This is the prepublication, author-produced version of a manuscript accepted for publication in Annals of Internal Medicine. This version does not include post-acceptance editing and formatting. The American College of Physicians, the publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, is not responsible for the content or presentation of the author-produced accepted version of the manuscript or any version that a third party derives from it. Readers who wish to access the definitive published version of this manuscript and any ancillary material related to this manuscript (e.g., correspondence, corrections, editorials, linked articles) should go to Annals.org or to the print issue in which the article appears. Those who cite this manuscript should cite the published version, as it is the official version of record.
Data Mining of Assessments to Generate Learner Remediation Teams: Method, Efficacy, and Perceptions in an Undergraduate Engineering Pilot Offering:

This research developed an approach to integrate the complementary benefits of digitized assessments and peer learning. Its basic premise and associated hypotheses are that by using student assessm...
Short-Term Long-Term Compute-in-Memory Architecture: A Hybrid Spin/CMOS Approach Supporting Intrinsic Consolidation

Biological memory structures impart enormous retention capacity while automatically providing vital functions for chronological information management and update the resolution of the domain and episodic knowledge. A crucial requirement for hardware realization of such cortical operations found in biology is to first design both short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Herein, these memory features are realized via a beyond-CMOS-based learning approach derived from the repeated input information and retrieval of the encoded data. We first propose a new binary STM-LTM architecture with composite synapse of the spin Hall effect-driven magnetic tunnel junction (SHE-MTJ) and capacitive memory bit cell to mimic the behavior of biological synapses. This STM-LTM platform realizes the memory potentiation through a continual update process using STM-to-LTM transfer, which is applied to neural networks based on the established capacitive crossbar. We then propose a hardware-enabled and customized STM-LTM transition algorithm for the platform considering the real hardware parameters. We validate the functionality of the design using SPICE simulations that show the proposed synapse has the potential of reaching ~30.2-pJ energy consumption for STM-to-LTM transfer and 65 pJ during STM programming. We further analyze the correlation between energy, array size, and STM-to-LTM threshold utilizing the MNIST data set.
Game Theory and Biology Inspired Flight Control for Autonomous UAVs Operating in Contested Environments

A self-organizing swarm of autonomous unmanned areal vehicles (UAVs) can provide a quick response to cyber-attacks in austere civilian and military environments. However, if a UAV swarm relies on centralized control, synchronization of swarm members, pre-planned actions or rule-based systems, it may not provide adequate and timely response against cyber attacks. We introduce game theory (GT) and biology inspired flight control algorithms to be run by each autonomous UAV to detect, localize and counteract rogue electromagnetic signal emitters. Each UAV positions itself such that the swarm tracks mobile adversaries while maintaining uniform node distribution and connectivity of the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). UAVs use only their respective local neighbor information to determine their individual actions. Simulation experiments in OPNET show that our algorithms can provide an adequate area coverage over mobile interference sources. Our solution can be employed for civilian and military applications that require agile responses in dynamic environments.
Trends in excess returns in currency and bond markets

Abstract Recent empirical evidence finds that asset prices are characterized by processes subject to permanent shocks that cumulate into trends. By contrast, theoretical and empirical research usually treats excess returns as following processes subject to purely temporary shocks. The implicit assumption behind this treatment is that the permanent shocks to asset prices cancel out when they are combined to form excess returns. In this paper, we test this hypothesis for foreign exchange and bond returns. Surprisingly, we reject the hypothesis for a wide range of returns, suggesting that there are trends in excess returns. We offer two possible explanations for the presence of these trends. Monte Carlo experiments show that either explanation could produce trends in excess returns in finite samples consistent with our empirical findings.
PFCA: A Programmable FIB Caching Architecture

Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM) chips are used to store Forwarding Information Bases (FIB) in modern routers. TCAM provides next-hop lookup for IP packets at the line-rate. However, TCAM is expensive and energy-consuming; in addition, the constant FIB growth may lead to TCAM overflow problem. Yet only a small portion of FIB entries carries the most of network traffic. Thus, FIB caching, namely, installing the most popular entries in a fast memory, e.g., TCAM, may significantly minimize TCAM usage. To date, FIB caching architecture has not been widely deployed in backbone routers due to high cache-miss latency and the lack of an efficient cache replacement strategy. In this work, we leverage the concept of the programmable data plane to design a Programmable FIB Caching Architecture (PFCA) with two levels of cache. We present a pipeline-based algorithm to detect the least popular prefixes in a cache for a victim selection. We tested the prototype of PFCA using real traffic traces and an FIB with more than 599K entries, and showed that PFCA can be implemented using P4 programmable data plane language. Our results show that PFCA achieves 99.8% hit ratio for Level-1 cache with 20K entries and nearly 99.9% hit ratio for Level-2 cache with 40K entries. We also demonstrate that PFCA significantly reduces the number of BGP updates in the cache and thus makes the cache more stable.
A darker cryosphere in a warming world

Dust and black carbon deposition in high-mountain Asia darkens snow and ice, increases sunlight absorption and causes melt — a reinforcing feedback. Now research shows the increasing importance of dust over black carbon at higher altitude, and the sensitivity of aerosol transport and delivery to Arctic sea-ice melt.