cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adoptive chemoimmunotherapy of a Moloney lymphoma.

Adult BALB/c mice were inoculated with BALB/c Moloney lymphoma cells. On day 6, mice with palpable tumors received sublethal cyclophosphamide (CY) and BALB/c or DBA 2 spleen cells. All untreated mice died with tumor on days 8-12. Spleen cells alone had no effect. All mice treated with CY alone died with tumor by day 30, as did all mice treated with CY plus cells from non-immune donors or from DBA donors immunized against normal BALB/c tissue. By contrast, treatment with CY plus cells from BALB/c or DBA/2 donors immunized with antigenically-related murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) was moderately effective — 30 of 65 mice lived beyond day 60 and 14 of 65 beyond day 100. Lethal X-irradiation of the immune cells abolished their efficacy. Thus, an established antigenic lymphoma was inhibited or eradicated by a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy with spleen cells from syngeneic or H-2-compatible donors, but only if the cells were viable and were derived from donors pre-immunized against tumor-associated antigens. Finally, when lethal X-irradiation was substituted for sublethal CY, immunotherapy was not effective, probably because the tumor cells were far less sensitive to X-ray than to CY. Des souris BALB/c adultes ont ete inoculees avec des cellules BALB/c de lymphome de Moloney. Au sixieme jour, les souris porteuses de tumeurs palpables ont recu une dose sublethale de cyclophosphamide (CY) et des cellules spheniques BALB\c et DBA/2. Toutes les souris cancereuses non traitees sont mortes entre les huitieme et douzieme jours. Les cellules spleniques seules n'ont eu aucun effet. Toutes les souris cancereuses traitees au CY seul sont mortes dans un delai de 30 jours, de měme que toutes les souris traitees avec du CY et des cellules de donneurs non immuns ou de donneurs DBA immunises contre le tissu BALB/c normal. Par contre, le traitement comportant du CY et des cellules de donneurs BALB/c ou DBA/2 immunises avec le virus du sarcome murin (Moloney) apparente au point de vue antigenique a ete moderement efficace — 30 souris sur 65 ont survecu au-dela du 60e jour et 14 sur 65 au-dela du 100e jour. Une irradiation lethale des cellules immunes leur a ǒte leur efficacite. Un lymphome antigenique etabli a donc ete inhibe ou eradique par la chimiotherapie conjuguee a l'immunotherapie avec des cellules spleniques de donneurs syngeneiques ou H-2-compatibles, mais il fallait que les cellules soient viables et proviennent de donneurs pre-immunises contre les antigenes associes a la tumeur. Finalement, lorsque l'irradiation lethale est remplacee par le CY a dose sublethale, l'immunotherapie n'a aucun effet, probablement parce que les tumeurs sont beacoup moins sensibles aux rayons X qu'au CY.
Macromolecular chromogenic substrates for measuring proteinase activity.

Background: Proteinase activities are often measured using chromogenic substrates that are much smaller than physiological substrates. Methods: The hydrodynamic size of macromolecular substrates (macrosubstrates) prepared by linking small chromogenic substrates to polyethylene glycol was determined by gel filtration. Efficiency of macrosubstrate cleavage by proteinases and α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes was monitored spectrophotometrically. Results: Macrosubstrates had hydrodynamic radii of ∼20 A, similar to proteins with a molecular weight of 18 000. Different macrosubstrates served as efficient substrates for chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin. Linking small substrates to a polymer variably affected substrate efficiency, with the impact on activity ranging from a 60-fold decrease to a 30-fold increase. Proteinases complexed with α2-macroglobulin had ∼10-fold lower activity vs macrosubstrates than small substrates. Conclusions: Macrosubstrates are efficient substrates that allow decreased measurement of sterically hindered proteinase molecules such as α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes. Thus, macrosubstrates may provide more accurate functional assays of proteinases such as coagulation factors.
Is it time to revisit the classification guidelines for primary progressive aphasia

Hair-splitting details of syndromic classification can hardly be expected to generate much excitement. As in all areas of science, however, sound nosology and uniform nomenclature are important for progress in neurology. This is particularly true for the neurodegenerative syndromes, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), where heterogeneity of phenotype and cellular pathology has defied attempts to find coherent clinicopathologic correlations.
Driving performance and behaviors: a comparison of gender differences in Parkinson's disease

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine gender differences by comparing self-reported driving behaviors, clinical tests, and on-road driving performance in a cohort of men and women drivers with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: In this prospective observational study, we analyzed data of a convenience sample of 63 men (mean age = 70.9 ± 6.6 years) and 21 women (mean age 67.1 ± 7.3 years) with diagnosed PD. All participants underwent a comprehensive driving evaluation by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist. Results: On average, both men and women were active drivers (driving ∼4.6 times/week). A substantial proportion of both groups avoided driving at night (40% of men versus 46% of women), during rush hour, and in heavy traffic (36% of men versus 57% of women), although the differences were not significant. Both groups reported some avoidance behaviors: making left-hand turns (9.7% men versus 9.5% women), driving in the rain (12.9% men versus 19.0% women), or on the inte...
Are Racial Disparities in Preterm Birth Larger in Hypersegregated Areas

The causes of the racial/ethnic disparity in preterm birth (PTB) remain largely unknown; traditional risk factors such as smoking and prenatal care fail to account for it. The authors examined whether living in metropolitan areas (MAs) with high levels of residential racial segregation along multiple dimensions (hypersegregation) was associated with higher rates of PTB or larger racial disparities in PTB and whether segregation modified the established race-age association in PTB. The authors merged 2000 natality data (n = 1,944,703) with US Census measures of Black-White hypersegregation. They executed two-level hierarchical logistic regression analyses among White and Black mothers in 237 MAs to estimate the odds of PTB by hypersegregation, race, and age, after controlling for covariates. In unadjusted and adjusted models, Black infants in hypersegregated MAs were more likely to be preterm than Black infants in nonhypersegregated MAs (p < 0.001). Black-White PTB disparities were larger in hypersegregated areas than in nonhypersegregated areas (p < 0.001), and the age-race association with PTB was modified by hypersegregation (p < 0.001). Living in a hypersegregated MA had a more pronounced association with PTB among older Black women, and racial disparities in PTB were larger in hypersegregated areas among older mothers (p < 0.001). Since over 40% of Black childbearing women live in hypersegregated areas, residential segregation may be an important social determinant of racial birth disparities.
The role of perceptually represented structure in analogical problem solving.

Current models of analogical reasoning assume that representations of source examples and target problems occur in an amodal format—that is, a representation whose construction and processing are independent of activity in the perceptual and motor cortices of the brain. We examined the possible use of kinesthetic information—perceptual structures associated with the sensation of space and force— in the representation of source examples and target problems. Participants who recreated a source story while acting out the key elements were more likely to access the story when later working on the target problem than were participants who only verbally recreated the story or who verbally recreated it as well as sketched it. We argue that enactment made kinesthetic and spatial features more salient in participants’ source story representations and that this aided performance. These results suggest that current models of analogical reasoning might be improved by including perceptual information as part of their representational schemes.
A process compensated 3-GHz ring oscillator

In this paper, we present a high speed ring oscillator compensated for process, as well as temperature variation. No post-fabrication efforts or external clock reference is required to implement our process compensation scheme. By adding a novel control loop to the ring oscillator and leveraging a low process variation current source, we are able to reduce the typical variation from 10.2% to 2.7% for a 3-GHz three stage inverter chain ring oscillator. The compensation scheme developed in the paper is not limited to applications in ring oscillators, but can be used in all types of VCO designs.
Assignment of responsibility in the case of Lt. Calley

Attitudes toward the trial and conviction of Lt. William Calley were explored in a national survey, completed between May 28 and June 12, 1971, conducted by the Roper Organization staff. Of the 989 respondents, 34% approved of Calley's having been brought to trial and 58% disapproved. Subgroups were identified on the basis of the reasons behind their attitudes. Those who approved because they felt the individual soldier must bear responsibility (AR) and those who disapproved because they felt it unfair to hold Calley individually responsible (DR) showed marked and consistent differences in response to hypothetical questions, queries about legal precedents, and other trial-related questions; the groups were, however, almost equally disenchanted with the Vietnam war. Demographically, DR's tended to be lower in SES and education. Findings are discussed in terms of patterns of integration into the national system; the DR group's hypothesized pattern appears conducive to violence upon orders from authority. Language: en
Role of spectral counting in quantitative proteomics

Spectral count, defined as the total number of spectra identified for a protein, has gained acceptance as a practical, label-free, semiquantitative measure of protein abundance in proteomic studies. In this review, we discuss issues affecting the performance of spectral counting relative to other label-free methods, as well as its limitations. Possible consequences of modifications, which are commonly applied to raw spectral counts to improve abundance estimations, are considered. The use of spectral counting for different types of quantitation studies is explored and critiqued. Different statistical methods and underlying frameworks that have been applied to spectral count analysis are described and compared, and problem areas that undermine confident statistical analysis are considered. Finally, the issue of accurate estimation of false-discovery rates is addressed and identified as a major current challenge in quantitative proteomics.
A new ignition model for spark-ignited engine simulations

Abstract The amount of spark energy deposited into the combustion chamber is key to an optimum ignition as one can end up with misfires when this energy is low or with other undesired effects on engine performance and byproducts when it is high. Experimentally, up to now, no one has been able to correlate the combustion outcome accurately to the spark parameters in a controllable way. Theoretical investigation and computer modeling is leading to a better understanding of how spark flames propagate. A new computational approach to ignition dynamics is presented here for spark-ignited (SI) engine combustion simulations. Our computational model, using the MPI communication library, attempts to solve temporal and spatial equations of the electromagnetic (EM) equations in conjunction with the well-known Navier-Stokes equations of the standard KIVA-3 engine code. The interaction between the gas and the flame (plasma) kernel in the spark region is computed through the momentum and energy exchange between these two fields. Preliminary results show a distinct spatial distribution of physical quantities at the flame front and within the inflammation zone. A slight change in the spark discharge current has significant impact on the combustion and emissions. Enhanced accuracy of spark ignition modeling might help us better compute the early flame propagation and its influence on the cyclic variability of engines, potentially leading to design of new spark plugs.
Assessment of Experimental Bt Events Against Fall Armyworm and Corn Earworm in Field Corn

Performance of experimental Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) MON events alone and pyramided with MON810 were evaluated over 3 yr in Georgia and Alabama. Ability of events to prevent whorl defoliation by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and natural ear feeding damage by the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) was assessed. In each year, near-isogenic hybrids with novel single transformation events and crosses pyramided with the MON810 event were compared with the standard single MON810 event and nontransformed susceptible control. Events were tested for resistance to whorl damage by manual infestations of fall armyworm and ear damage by natural infestations of corn earworm. All Bt events tested reduced fall armyworm whorl damage ratings per plant compared with the susceptible hybrid. All Bt treatments also had considerably less ear infestation and damage by corn earworm compared with the nontransgenic isoline. The MON841, MION849, and MON851 events reduced ear damage by H. zea but were not as effective as other novel events and were not advanced for further testing after the 1999 season. Pyramiding events compared with single events did not improve control of fall armyworm whorl damage, but they generally did prevent more ear damage by corn earworm. The MON84006 event singly and pyramided with MON810 had superior control of whorl-stage damage by S. frugiperda and ear damage by H. zea compared with MON810. Deployment of new events and genes could provide additional tools for managing the potential for insect resistance to Bt toxins. Furthermore, improved control of whorl and ear infestations by H. zea and S. frugiperda would increase the flexibility of planting corn, Zea mays L., and permit double cropping of corn in areas where these pests perennially reach damaging levels.
The Racial Paradox of the Corporate Law Firm

Although nonwhites now account for nearly one-fifth of new attorneys, they still make up less than four percent of the partners at large law firms. Most commentators have blamed some combination of firm discrimination and minority disinterest for this disparity. In this Article, the author uses several new sources of data to explore this phenomenon, finding significant support for the following findings. Each of the major nonwhite groups (Asians, Hispanics and blacks) are as interested during law school in careers with large firms as are whites. Large law firms use very large hiring preferences for blacks, with the result that blacks are overrepresented among firm hires (relative to their numbers among law graduates) and tend to have much lower grades than their white counterparts. The large preferences are plausibly linked to a variety of counterproductive mechanisms that cumulatively produce very high black attrition from firms and consequently low partnership rates. Similar patterns, on a less intense scale, affect Hispanics entering large firms. While many questions are open, the author concludes that aggressive racial preferences at the law school and law firm level tend to undermine in some ways the careers of young attorneys and may, in the end, contribute to the continuing white dominance of large-firm partnerships.
Pharmacokinetics of sarpogrelate hydrochloride in hemodialysis patients

維持期の血液透析患者12例に対し透析日, 非透析日それぞれに, セロトニンタイプ2受容体の選択的拮抗薬であるsarpogrelate hydrochloride 100mgを経口で単回投与し, 経時的に血漿中のsarporelate hydrochloride未変化体および主要代謝物M-1の濃度を測定した. 同時に血漿セロトニン濃度に対する薬剤投与の影響を調べた. また, 透析日にはダイアライザーの前後で採血し, 薬剤の透析クリアランスを算出した. 薬物動態は透析日, 非透析日で差がなく, 非透析日の未変化体とM-1の最高血中濃度 (Cmax) はそれぞれ437.1±381.3ng/ml, 28.3±4.5ng/ml, 半減期 (T1/2) は0.9±0.3h, 1.5±0.4hであり健常人での報告と類似した値であった. Tmaxは未変化体で2.2±1.3h, M-1で2.5±2.2hであり, 健常人での報告に比べて遅延がみられた. 未変化体とM-1の透析クリアランスはそれぞれ0.84ml/min, -2.54ml/minであり透析性はほとんどないと考えられた. 薬動力学的パラメータを用いて, 健常人の常用量であるsarpogrelate hydrochloride 100mg錠, 3錠を3分服で連日服用した場合を想定して求めたシミュレーションでは未変化体, M-1ともに蓄積性はないと考えられた. 以上の結果より血液透析患者に対して本薬剤は健常人と同じ用法用量での投与が可能であると考えられた. また血液透析患者の血漿セロトニン濃度は正常範囲にありsarpogrelate hydrochlorideの投与や, 透析により有意な変化を示さなかった.
Relationships Among Tomato Planting Date, Potato Aphids (Homopetra: Aphididea), and Natural Enemies

Interactions among tomato planting date, population growth of the potato aphid (PA), Macrosiphum euphoria (Thomas), and natural enemies were investigated. Studies showed that PA were influenced directly by planting date, and significantly higher aphid densities developed on young plants. Older plants supported low numbers of PA. Plant age also influenced population growth of PA indirectly through the interaction between green peach aphids (CPA), Mazes Persia (Seltzer), and natural enemies. In one season of this study, CPA developed populations on early planted tomatoes, and this population supported parasites. The early season parasite population was resident when PA immigrated, providing high levels of PA parasitism. Preservation of early season GPA as a host for aphid parasites in the management of PA is discussed.
E-013 Novel dual approach treatment of an internal carotid artery traumatic pseudoaneurysm

Background Traumatic pseudoaneurysm formation related to transection of the internal carotid artery is an uncommon injury associated with skull base fractures. Rarely these aneurysms can extend through the fracture site and into the spheoid sinus. While stenting is a documented approach for addressing the vascular injuries, it is of limited use in treating aneurysms that project into the paranasal sinuses. Standard coiling is also of limited utility due to the lack of surrounding structures for support and, therefore, is prone to certain recurrence. Due to the curvature of the carotid siphon and the close proximity of the ophthalmic artery, placement of a covered stent is not feasible with current technology. The use of flow diverting devices may be beneficial but are not commercially available at this point and the long term implications are not fully understood. We present a novel method of combined endoscopic and endovascular techniques for treating these dangerous lesions. Materials and methods A 23-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle accident with traumatic brain injury began experiencing epistaxis 3 weeks after her injury. The ENT service felt the source to be related to the left posterior nasal septum and embolization was requested. Diagnostic cerebral angiography revealed a 5 mm pseudoaneurysm projecting from the internal carotid artery into the sphenoid sinus. The distal internal maxillary artery was unremarkable but was embolized due to continued concern for a septal source of epistaxis. The next day the aneurysm was coiled with balloon assistance with good immediate angiographic result. The patient was taken the following day to the operating room and the sphenoid sinus was endoscopically opened, packed with denuded nasal mucosa harvested from the nasal cavity and reinforced with fat and then sealed with a bone fragment. The next day the patient was loaded with Plavix and aspirin, and a Neuroform stent was placed across the injured vascular segment and aneurysm neck. Results The aneurysm was angiographically well treated without residual during the initial coil procedure. There was irregularity of the carotid artery adjacent and distal to the aneurysm, likely representing further regions of injury. Surgically reinforcing the sphenoid sinus did not alter the angiographic appearance of the aneurysm. Placement of a stent across the aneurysm and adjacent areas of injury did not result in any acute angiographic changes. The patient did not suffer any adverse neurologic sequelae. Follow-up angiography is pending and will be presented if available. Conclusion Traumatic pseudoaneurysms projecting into the paranasal sinuses can be safely and perhaps more efficaciously treated with a combined endoscopic and endovascular approach.
Relation of Entoptic Stray Light to Flicker and the Perception of Movement.

Under certain conditions, flicker is seen in the visual field surrounding the test-object, presented against a dark background, when this object subtends only a small visual angle. Unlike flicker in the test-object itself, field flicker has received little or no study. It appears when the test-object is very bright, or large, or when the flicker of the test-object is much below its critical fusion frequency. The question arises whether the phenomenon is due either to some sort of neural interaction, or to entoptic stray light. Recently considerable evidence has been adduced to make it entirely probable that it arises from the latter source. To determine this conclusively, 2 tests were made. Using monocular vision and locating the image of the test-object on the “blind spot” where no neural interaction can take place, field flicker was not abolished. On the other hand, when 2 test-objects equal in all respects are alternately presented on 2 different parts of the visual field, the first disappearing as the...
Grant Gorr reflects on a decade of experience as a top talent recruiter and president of the ACRP Kansas City Chapter

![Figure][1] How did you first become interested in clinical research, and can you describe the career path you’ve followed? I first became interested in clinical research in 2005. I work in business development for Aerotek, a company that focuses on clinical research staffing, and it had
Wetland ecosystem comparison using a suite of plant assessment measures

Abstract In light of extensive human impact on wetlands it is necessary that we develop an effective way to monitor the effects of impact in order to prevent further destruction. One method is plant community assessment, specifically Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA), which is common, but can be subjective. In this case study, we implement FQA, as well as specific morphological and chemical assessment measures over a two-year period in order to compare two wetlands in the Lake George watershed in the Adirondack mountains and their response to human impact. While the wetlands studied demonstrated very different water chemistry profiles makeups, FQA did not reveal substantial differences between plant communities. However, more specific analyses of plant morphology and tissue chemistry did reveal significant differences that reflected the level of impact at these two sites. Namely, the simple plant Lemna minor had consistently shorter roots and Nuphar lutea contained higher amounts of nitrogen in above ground tissues when growing in an anthropogenically impacted wetland. We suggest that FQA and specific plant morphology and tissue chemistry measurements be performed concurrently to provide indication of both long- and short-term effects of human impact in wetland ecosystems.
Metabolic parameters that predict response to clomiphene citrate in obese oligo-ovulatory women

Objective: To determine whether the presence of insulin resistance in obese subjects would adversely affect the rate of ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate. Results: Fasting hyperinsulinemia was associated with the failure to ovulate in response to clomiphene. In addition, other parameters found to correlate with insulin resistance and clomiphene citrate non-response were elevations of total and free testosterone and lower serum sex hormone-binding globulin. Conclusions: The existence of the presence of endocrine abnormalities associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may serve as clinical indicators to help predict which obese patients are likely to respond to clomiphene citrate therapy.
Reducing Questionnaire Length by Incidence Sampling: Balanced Incomplete Block Designs Versus Random Sampling of Questions

The length of a questionnaire is sometimes a major source of concern for marketing researchers because long questionnaires may affect the rate of response to a survey, prevent the researchers from using a quicker or less costly interview method such as a telephone interview, and generate noisy data due to respondent fatigue and boredom. Incidence sampling, that is, sampling of the questions as well as the respondents, has been suggested as a way of dealing with these potential problems. The researcher simply partitions the original questionnaire by selecting samples of a set of questions and then administers each partition to a sample of respondents.
Laser-based ignition of H2/O2 and D2/O2 through resonance multiphoton excitation of H and D atoms: the first-report of a deuterium isotope effect in laser ignition

Previously we reported the first example of a strong and sensitive wavelength dependence on the ignition properties of premixed gases.1-5 We demonstrated that there is a sharp wavelength dependence on the amount of laser energy necessary to ignite a premixed flow of H2/O2 at atmospheric pressure. The wavelength dependence exhibits a spectral profile that is similar to the two-photon fluorescence excitation spectrum of flame oxygen atoms, and the respective peaks correspond to exactly the same wavelength near 225.6 nm. We showed that the resonant formation of a laser-produced microplasma was important in the efficient (−0.5-mJ) ignition of these premixed gases.
A hybrid neural network-based behavioral model of microwave active components

In this work, the development, implementation and verification of a novel behavioral model for microwave active components is presented. The application of neural networks to microwave device modeling has been demonstrated to be very useful. In order to model an active component such a packaged amplifier, it is necessary to produce models of the active components as well as the passive elements of the module. This is typically a lengthy, specialized process. The authors demonstrate a simplified process of developing models for discrete transistors and packaged amplifiers using common device measurements, and integrating neural network techniques within the behavioral modeling process.
Novel business models and policy directions based on SE4ALL global framework for minigrids

More than 620 million people live without access to electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa. With Sub-Saharan Africa uniquely positioned as the only continent with a rising population without electricity access, an estimated one billion people shall gain access by 2040, but because of the population growth, about 645 million people shall remain without it. However, even with considerable efforts in rural electrification, investment in the power sector is so far insufficient to reverse the trend and achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. Rural electrification is best served either by grid extension, mini-grids or standalone systems. The UN SE4ALL global tracking framework provides a tier system that acts as a measurement evaluation for electricity access and global comparison. The framework also assists with the classification for electrification solutions such as mini-grids based on the regular use of appliances and attributes of electricity supply. In light of having a standard framework, the successful planning, implementation, operation and maintenance of mini-grids is not a guarantee since each project is tailor-made. In this paper, a conventional rural electrification development scheme is presented that aims to eliminate business model and policy making complexities in mini-grids. The focus is on minimizing risks, upfront costs, and policy interventions while maximizing investor attraction, profitability, security for grid operators and reliable or inexpensive energy for the population.
Genetics of Lipodystrophy

Lipodystrophy disorders are characterized by selective loss of fat tissue with metabolic complications including insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and nonalcoholic liver disease. These complications can be life-threatening, affect quality of life, and result in increased health care costs. Genetic discoveries have been particularly helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases, and have shown that mutations affect pathways involved in adipocyte differentiation and survival, lipid droplet formation, and lipid synthesis. In addition, genetic testing can identify patients whose phenotypes are not clearly apparent, but who may still be affected by severe metabolic complications.
Book Review of Working Scared (Or Not at All): The Lost Decade, Great Recession, and Restoring the Shattered American Dream

Four words immediately came to mind after reading Working Scared: 'I feel your pain.' From its dedication to 'American workers' and continuing throughout its 195 pages, this book presents a collection of sobering statistics and revealing interviews about post-Great-Recession America, the changing American labor market, and lingering effects of the late 2000s financial crisis upon U.S. residents' lives. Interspersed with numerous graphs, tables, and research findings are quotes from 'real people' who were negatively impacted by recent economic events. These quotes put a human 'face' on otherwise sterile facts and figures and this blend of quantitative and qualitative data holds readers' interest.
169 NEW APPROACH TO TENDON COVERAGE USING INTEGRA.

Background Reconstruction of soft tissue defects over exposed tendons remains a problematic process often requiring extensive flap procedures to minimize tendon adhesions to the overlying tissue. Integra is a skin substitute widely used in burn reconstruction and has been used previously in this regard to cover tendinous structures. However, Integra9s use in tendon reconstruction and the postoperative functionality of the tendons has not been well documented. Methods Forty-two patients (35 men and 7 women; mean age 38.6 ± 17.6 years) with exposed tendons of the upper or lower extremity due to trauma (37 patients), cancer excision (2), or chronic wounds (3) were reconstructed using Integra in a typical two-stage procedure. The range in defect size was 4 to 336 cm2. Over the course of follow-up, graft take, tendon function, and adverse complications were assessed. Results All patients healed with an average split-thickness skin graft take rate of 92.5% ± 6.1 (range 80-100%). Likewise, following physical therapy the 33 patients not lost to follow-up achieved an average range of motion of 91.2% ± 6.5 (range 80-100%). In all cases, the patients did not require postoperative hospitalization. Conclusion Integra offers a convenient, efficient operative procedure with minimal surgical morbidity, while demonstrating good overall cosmesis and tendon function. Thus, Integra may offer an alternative option for immediate tendon coverage in both the upper and lower extremities.
Paradigm Shift: Learning Is a Two-Way Street Between American Universities and Asian International Students

This introductory chapter presents key rationales, the main argument, and the organization of the book. It argues that there is a power asymmetry between Asian students and American universities, and this power asymmetry provides one of the fundamental social contexts in which Asian international students at American universities are situated. This power asymmetry also sets up the academic discourse for studying these international students with a traditional deficit framework that emphasizes their adjustment and adaptation. It argues for the urgency to shift from the deficit framework to the one calling for proactive institutional efforts engaging both international students and American university to bring about successful experiences of international students.
This Is Not Dixie: Racist Violence in Kansas, 1861-1927

Review of: "This Is Not Dixie: Racist Violence in Kansas, 1861–1927," by Brent M. S. Campney
Generating a Reliable Reference Standard Set for Syndromic Case Classification

Objective: To generate and measure the reliability for a reference standard set with representative cases from seven broad syndromic case definitions and several narrower syndromic definitions used for biosurveillance. Design: From 527,228 eligible patients between 1990 and 2003, we generated a set of patients potentially positive for seven syndromes by classifying all eligible patients according to their ICD-9 primary discharge diagnoses. We selected a representative subset of the cases for chart review by physicians, who read emergency department reports and assigned values to 14 variables related to the seven syndromes. Measurements: (1) Positive predictive value of the ICD-9 diagnoses; (2) prevalence of the syndromic definitions and related variables; (3) agreement between physician raters demonstrated by κ, κ corrected for bias and prevalence, and Finn's r ; and (4) reliability of the reference standard classifications demonstrated by generalizability coefficients. Conclusion: Of the 27 syndromes generated by the 14 variables, 21 showed high enough prevalence, agreement, and reliability to be used as reference standard definitions against which an automated syndromic classifier could be compared. Syndromic definitions that showed poor agreement or low prevalence include febrile botulinic syndrome, febrile and nonfebrile rash syndrome, respiratory syndrome explained by a nonrespiratory or noninfectious diagnosis, and febrile and nonfebrile gastrointestinal syndrome explained by a nongastrointestinal or noninfectious diagnosis.
Physicians' Perceptions of Hope and How Hope Informs Interactions With Patients: A Qualitative, Exploratory Study.

Objectives:Today some studies of physicians’ perceptions of hope are available, but not studies of how hope informs patient care. The objectives of this qualitative study were to describe the ways ...
Steinberg's theorem for crystallographic complex reflection groups

Abstract Popov classified crystallographic complex reflection groups by determining lattices they stabilize. These analogs of affine Weyl groups have infinite order and are generated by reflections about affine hyperplanes; most arise as the semi-direct product of a finite complex reflection group and a full rank lattice. Steinberg's regularity theorem asserts that the regular orbits under the action of a reflection group are exactly the orbits lying off of reflecting hyperplanes. This theorem holds for finite reflection groups (real or complex) and also affine Weyl groups but fails for some crystallographic complex reflection groups. We determine when Steinberg's regularity theorem holds for the infinite family of crystallographic complex reflection groups. We include crystallographic groups built on finite Coxeter groups.
General Conclusions About Spatial Econometrics

This chapter summarizes general findings gleaned from the ten chapters constituting the spatial econometrics part of this book. It highlights that many nonstandard data analytic tools exist that are available to a spatial analyst, ones needing to be tried on ever improving collections of data. It also alludes to future developments in spatial econometrics.
State lines, fire lines, and lines of authority: Rangeland fire management and bottom-up cooperative federalism

Environmental governance on federal lands in the US West has been transformed by the increasing authority of state and local governments and nongovernmental actors in decision-making and policy implementation. Rangeland Fire Protection Associations (RFPAs), state-authorized volunteer fire response teams made up of resource users in remote rangeland landscapes, are emblematic of recent innovations in federal land management that involve enhanced authority and responsibility on the part of non-federal actors. RFPAs are a model of community-based fire management that meets local landowners’ interests in property protection while providing fire control and conservation benefits to state and federal land management agencies. This study examines the role of state agencies and policies as mediators between communities and federal agencies by comparing the design and implementation of RFPA programs in the states of Oregon and Idaho. We find that small differences in these state programs led to potentially important distinctions in agency-resource user relationships and in the resulting patterns of policy implementation. The RFPA experience suggests that state policy design and institutionalization can strongly shape the evolution of intergovernmental and agency-community dynamics.
Government and Housing in the United States

— L'auteur examine d'abord les reglementations restrictives qui permettent aux pouvoirs locaux d'exercer une action sur la construction d'habitations.On trouve deja en 1901, une loi de l'Etat de Ne...
Controlling the Spread of Resistant Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit

As is detailed carefully throughout this text, antimicrobial resistance has surfaced as a major challenge to modern medicine in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The challenges presented by burgeoning antimicrobial resistance are magnified in the intensive care unit (ICU), where aggressive, invasive care of severely ill patients sets up a perfect storm for resistant pathogens. ICU patients frequently develop nosocomial infections, which are often severe, difficult to treat, and, in some populations, recurrent [1]. Extensive exposure to antimicrobial agents, colonization with nosocomial bacteria, and prolonged immunosuppression put ICU patients at high risk for infection from resistant pathogens. Some of the most aggressive resistant pathogens have become endemic in hospital environments, and many of these pathogens have established residence in intensive care units [2–4]. Examples of such pathogens are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and some carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter baumannii). The rise of extensive drug resistance and pan-resistance among nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria has made controlling the spread of these organisms in the ICU environment even more important. In addition, some consider C. difficile infection a multidrug-resistant pathogen because it is selected out by antibacterial therapy.
Getting ready for a unit in Alice 2.2 : week 1/event-processing in Alice 2.2: pre-conference workshop/tutorial presentation

Carnegie Mellon's Alice is a freely downloadable teaching tool that uses 3D graphics to create a fun and engaging first programming experience. Incorporating a unit using Alice in an applications, graphical art, or web design course will introduce students to fundamental programming concepts and hopefully interest a diverse group of students in taking additional coursework in computing. Participants in this hands-on workshop/tutorial sequence who have no Alice experience will learn the Alice 2.2 environment, and all participants will leave with materials for a 2-week instructional unit in Alice 2.2. As participants work through the unit materials, pedagogical considerations will be presented and discussed. The primary audience for the workshop and tutorial sequence is middle school and high school technology teachers and college professors interested in using Alice in a course for non-majors. With that said, anyone simply wanting to learn Alice will enjoy the workshop and tutorial. No previous experience with Alice is needed; however, participants with knowledge of Alice will find value in the unit materials and other pedagogical aspects of the workshop. The workshop stands on its own; tutorial participants should either attend the workshop or have some familiarity with Alice. Each participant will receive a hard copy and the link to a soft copy of lesson plans, handouts, and rubrics for four structured activities and a lesson plan and rubric for a fifth, open-ended activity, all using Alice. Additionally, one general information handout and two tips-and-tricks handouts will be included. The soft copy will also include completed activities and additional sample Alice worlds/programs.
Strategy for Optimization of Molecular Materials for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics

The objective of our research is to develop a fundamental understanding of relationship between chemical structure and nonlinear optical properties in order to optimize molecular materials for applications in the newly emerging technology of photonics. We have developed a comprehensive program in our Photonics Research Laboratory where the strategy for optimization of the molecular materials includes four principal stages: (i) optimization at the molecular level, (ii) optimization at the bulk level, (iii) experimental studies, and (iv) investigation of device processes. This comprehensive approach with an interactive feedback between different stages has been the key to the great success we have achieved. In this article, we provide examples of our approach and accomplishments in relation to third-order optical nonlinearity.
The Consequences of the Interaction of Cosmic Rays with Galactic Center Molecular Clouds

We consider that the diffuse GeV, TeV and the FeI 6.4keV line emission from the inner 20 ×10 of the Galactic center, as observed with Fermi, HESS, Chandra, XMM-Newton and Suzaku, results from the interaction of cosmic ray electrons with the neutral gas and that the emission can be explained in the context of nonthermal bremsstrahlung mechanism. Synchrotron radio emission from this region is measured from multi-frequency radio continuum observations of the Galactic center using the Green Bank Telescope. The interaction of low energy cosmic ray electrons with the gas in the Galactic center infer high values of cosmic ray ionization, heating rates as well as strong FeI Kα line emission at 6.4keV. The high energy tail of cosmic ray particles interacting with neutral gas produces nonthermal bremsstrahlung emission at GeV γ-rays. The spectrum of diffuse γ-ray emission detected by Fermi reflects the energy distribution of electrons producing radio synchrotron emission from the Galactic center.
Association of Racial and Socioeconomic Diversity with Implicit Bias in Acute Care Surgery

This study assesses whether racial and socioeconomic diversity mitigates the existence of implicit bias in the field of trauma care among surgical health care professionals.
Breast Cancer Risk and Insulin Resistance: Post Genome-Wide Gene–Environment Interaction Study Using a Random Survival Forest

Obesity-insulin connections have been considered potential risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, and the association between insulin resistance (IR) genotypes and phenotypes can be modified by obesity-lifestyle factors, affecting breast cancer risk. In this study, we explored the role of IR in those pathways at the genome-wide level. We identified IR-genetic factors and selected lifestyles to generate risk profiles for postmenopausal breast cancer. Using large-scale cohort data from postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, our previous genome-wide association gene-behavior interaction study identified 58 loci for associations with IR phenotypes (homeostatic model assessment-IR, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia). We evaluated those single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and additional 31 lifestyles in relation to breast cancer risk by conducting a two-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis. We identified the most predictive genetic and lifestyle variables in overall and subgroup analyses [stratified by body mass index (BMI), exercise, and dietary fat intake]. Two SNPs (LINC00460 rs17254590 and MKLN1 rs117911989), exogenous factors related to lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogen, BMI, and dietary alcohol consumption were the most common influential factors across the analyses. Individual SNPs did not have significant associations with breast cancer, but SNPs and lifestyles combined synergistically increased the risk of breast cancer in a gene-behavior, dose-dependent manner. These findings may contribute to more accurate predictions of breast cancer and suggest potential intervention strategies for women with specific genetic and lifestyle factors to reduce their breast cancer risk. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify insulin resistance SNPs in combination with lifestyle as synergistic factors for breast cancer risk, suggesting lifestyle changes can prevent breast cancer in women who carry the risk genotypes.
Performative by-products: The emergence of waste reuse strategies at the Blue Lagoon

Materials and landscapes associated with waste are perceived as objectionable. By reactivating and embracing waste conditions as desirable opportunities for diverse programmes rooted in economy, ec...
Design of Energy Storage Friendly Regulation Signals using Empirical Mode Decomposition

This paper presents an energy storage friendly regulation signal design method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have a very fast response rate and excellent ramping capability, making them ideal resources for providing fast regulation services. However, the limitation in energy storage capacity prevents the BESS from following non-energy neutral signals for prolonged durations. The existing BESS-friendly regulation signal design uses the filter-based approach, which cannot guarantee the resultant fast changing signals are energy neutral. The EMD-based approach decomposes the raw regulation signal into an energy-neutral, fast-changing component and a slow-changing component. The fast and slow regulation signals obtained using the proposed method are compared with the PJM RegD and RegA signals. Simulation results and cost-benefit analysis demonstrate that both generators and BESSs have achieved better performance in terms of revenue, response rate, and lifetime when responding to the EMD-based regulation signals compared with the filter-based RegA and RegD signals.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma:a case report and literature renew

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). Methods We reported the detailed clinical and pathologic presentation of a patient with SMZL, and monitored fellow-up to 16 years. Results Patients present with splenomegaly. SMZL usually involve bone marrow, peripheral blood and hilar splenic lympha nodes. Peripheral lymph nodes and nonhematolymphoid organs can be involved as well, but to a lesser extent.Microscopically, tumor cells are small to medium in size, with dispersed chromation. Tumor cells are slgM(+),CD+20, CD+79a,, bcl-2(+), CD-3, CD-5, CD-10, CD-23 and CyclinDl(-). Conclusion SMZL is a rare low-grade B-cell lymphoma with an indolent clinical course. Spleneetomy and chemotherapy are effective treatment but SMZL cannot be completely cured and may transform to large B-cell lymphoma at last. Key words: Lymphoma; Spleen; Pathology, clinical; Immunohistochemistry; Therapy; Prognosis