cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac health and fitness of Colorado male/female firefighters.

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is documented as the leading cause of mortality in on-duty firefighters. Aims To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, cardiorespiratory fitness levels and the association between them in firefighters in Colorado, USA. Methods This study included male and female Colorado firefighters. MetS was identified where three or more metabolic abnormalities were present, using Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Cardiorespiratory fitness (indicated by VO2 max) was evaluated with the Bruce protocol. Poisson regression was conducted to examine the association between MetS components and VO2 max. Results Among the 947 male and 76 female study subjects, MetS was present in 9% of all firefighters, in 5% of females and 10% of males. The mean age was 37 ± 10 years. MetS prevalence increased with age (from 3% at age <30 to 17% at 50 and older, data not shown). In addition, 35% had one and 19% had two abnormal MetS components and 49% of participants did not meet the minimum recommended VO2 max of 42.0 ml/kg/min. VO2 max was negatively associated with abnormal MetS components (incident rate ratios = 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.94-0.96, P < 0.001). Conclusions About one in 10 of these Colorado firefighters had MetS and nearly half had insufficient cardiorespiratory fitness. Comprehensive CVD risk management and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement are essential for firefighter health and safety.
Flagellar swimming in viscoelastic fluids: role of fluid elastic stress revealed by simulations based on experimental data.

Many important biological functions depend on microorganisms9 ability to move in viscoelastic fluids such as mucus and wet soil. The effects of fluid elasticity on motility remain poorly understood, partly because the swimmer strokes depend on the properties of the fluid medium, which obfuscates the mechanisms responsible for observed behavioural changes. In this study, we use experimental data on the gaits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii swimming in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids as inputs to numerical simulations that decouple the swimmer gait and fluid type in order to isolate the effect of fluid elasticity on swimming. In viscoelastic fluids, cells employing the Newtonian gait swim faster but generate larger stresses and use more power, and as a result the viscoelastic gait is more efficient. Furthermore, we show that fundamental principles of swimming based on viscous fluid theory miss important flow dynamics: fluid elasticity provides an elastic memory effect that increases both the forward and backward speeds, and (unlike purely viscous fluids) larger fluid stress accumulates around flagella moving tangent to the swimming direction, compared with the normal direction.
Ni-catalysed regioselective 1,2-diarylation of unactivated olefins by stabilizing Heck intermediates as pyridylsilyl-coordinated transient metallacycles

We report a Ni-catalysed diarylation of unactivated olefins in dimethylpyridylvinylsilane by intercepting Heck C(sp3)–NiX intermediates, derived from aryl halides, with arylzinc reagents. This approach utilizes a modifiable pyridylsilyl moiety as a coordinating group that plays a dual role of intercepting oxidative addition species to promote Heck carbometallation, and stabilizing the Heck C(sp3)–NiX intermediates as transient metallacycles to suppress β-hydride elimination, and facilitate transmetalation/reductive elimination. This method affords 1,2-diarylethylsilanes, which can be readily oxidized to 1,2-diarylethanols that occur as structural motifs in 3-aryl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and dihydrostilbenoid natural products.
Glimpsing speech in temporally and spectro-temporally modulated noise

Speech recognition in fluctuating maskers is influenced by the spectro-temporal properties of the noise. Three experiments examined different temporal and spectro-temporal noise properties. Experiment 1 replicated previous work by highlighting maximum performance at a temporal gating rate of 4–8 Hz. Experiment 2 involved spectro-temporal glimpses. Performance was best with the largest glimpses, and performance with small glimpses approached that for continuous noise matched to the average level of the modulated noise. Better performance occurred with periodic than for random spectro-temporal glimpses. Finally, time and frequency for spectro-temporal glimpses were dissociated in experiment 3. Larger spectral glimpses were more beneficial than smaller, and minimum performance was observed at a gating rate of 4–8 Hz. The current results involving continuous speech in gated noise (slower and larger glimpses most advantageous) run counter to several results involving gated and/or filtered speech, where a larger number of smaller speech samples is often advantageous. This is because mechanisms of masking dominate, negating the advantages of better speech-information sampling. It is suggested that spectro-temporal glimpsing combines temporal glimpsing with additional processes of simultaneous masking and uncomodulation, and continuous speech in gated noise is a better model for real-world glimpsing than is gated and/or filtered speech.Speech recognition in fluctuating maskers is influenced by the spectro-temporal properties of the noise. Three experiments examined different temporal and spectro-temporal noise properties. Experiment 1 replicated previous work by highlighting maximum performance at a temporal gating rate of 4–8 Hz. Experiment 2 involved spectro-temporal glimpses. Performance was best with the largest glimpses, and performance with small glimpses approached that for continuous noise matched to the average level of the modulated noise. Better performance occurred with periodic than for random spectro-temporal glimpses. Finally, time and frequency for spectro-temporal glimpses were dissociated in experiment 3. Larger spectral glimpses were more beneficial than smaller, and minimum performance was observed at a gating rate of 4–8 Hz. The current results involving continuous speech in gated noise (slower and larger glimpses most advantageous) run counter to several results involving gated and/or filtered speech, where a large...
Jewish Identities: Educating for Multiple and Moving Targets

For a long time, the prevailing approach to Jewish identity has been dominated by a “survivalist” perspective focused on the threats of assimilation and intermarriage rather than the new realities created by modernity which allowed a variety of new ways of being Jewish to emerge. The widespread anxiety about group survival in the field of Jewish education has led to a survivalist paradigm that has tended to narrow the field’s theoretical conceptions of Jewish identity and identity in general, resulting in largely static and monolithic formulations. Instead, drawing upon the work of multiple disciplines, the authors argue for a shift from thinking about identity as some “thing” that someone “has” toward identities as being multiple and shifting processes that people practice and rehearse. The chapter concludes with examples of scholarship from various disciplines that approach identity formation in light of such a shift and with pedagogical applications and implications for the shift within the field of Jewish education, specifically.
Dielectric Constant of Alkali Halide Crystals Containing OH- Substitutional Impurities

Frohliche’s generalized theory of the static dielectric constant is applied to a KCl crystal containing OH− substitutional impurities. Dipolar interaction between nearest neighbours is considered and local ordering is taken into account using short-range order theory. The results agree well with experiment except in the very low temperature region. The simplicity of the theoretical model and the long relaxation time in this temperature region (which affects the accuracy of the experimental results) probably both contribute to the disagreement at low temperatures.
Limited Risk of Kidney Stone Formation During Long-Term Calcium Citrate Supplementation in Nonstone Forming Subjects

AbstractThe physiological and physicochemical effects of long-term calcium citrate supplementation (25mmol, calcium per day) were assessed in 7 normal premenopausal women. Calcium citrate increased urinary calcium from 3.27 ± 0.42mmol, per day (standard deviation) before treatment to 5.16 ± 0.75mmol, per day after 1-month of treatment (p <0.0125). After 3 months of treatment urinary calcium decreased from the 1-month value to 4.54 ± 0.67mmol, per day (p <0.0125) but remained higher than the pretreatment value (p <0.0125). Fractional intestinal calcium absorption and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels decreased marginally at 1 month of calcium citrate therapy, from 0.457 ± 0.092 to 0.374 ± 0.035 (p <0.05) and from 103 ± 7 to 77 ± 14 pmol./l. (p <0.05), respectively. After 3 months of treatment fractional intestinal calcium absorption decreased further to 0.341 ± 0.061 (p <0.0125 compared to pretreatment), whereas serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D remained unchanged at 82 ± 14pmol./l.Calcium citrate treatment...
Identification of linear systems using rational approximation techniques

Given measured frequency response data from a linear system (amplitude ratio and phase shift) at a significant number of frequencies, one can use a recently developed rational approximation algorithm to find a reasonable model of the system (in the transfer function form) with H∞-norm error estimates. The H∞-norm error can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the order of the approximant and therefore leads to models which are sufficient for robust controller designs. The algorithm uses FFT type calculations which make it convenient to use and computationally well behaved. The use of the algorithm for system identification along with some aids developed to make it easier to use will be described.
La formación profesional on line en La Salle ARLEP

En este texto se presentan las motivaciones y los factores (disponibilidad tecnologica, calidad de los contenidos por emplear, modelopedagogico, perfil del alumnado y oferta diferenciada) que han llevado aLa Salle ARLEP (Asociacion Regional Lasaliana Espana Portugal) a disenary configurar su propuesta de formacion profesional on line, tambien llamada FP a distancia, aunque emplearemos el termino on line. La FP en linea vive un momento de esplendor gracias a la conexion de la formacion con las nuevas tecnologias. Este es ya un camino sin retorno, en el cual el ADN lasaliano nos impulsa a incursionar con creatividad en este apasionante escenario, siendo sus protagonistas.
Identification and quantification of the decarboxylated analogue of Pigments Red 57 and 57:1 in the color additives D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 7, and their lakes, using a chelating agent and UHPLC.

Pigment Red 57 (Colour Index No. 15850, PR57) and Pigment Red 57:1 (Colour Index No. 15850:1, PR57:1) are certifiable in the USA as the color additives D&C Red No. 6 (R6) and D&C Red No. 7 (R7) for...
Diagnostic accuracy of b800 and b1500 DWI-MRI of the pelvis to detect residual rectal adenocarcinoma: a multi-reader study.

To compare the sensitivity, specificity and intra-observer and inter-observer agreement of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b800 and b1500 s/mm2 sequences in the detection of residual adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Detection of residual adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant CRT for LARC has become increasingly important and relies on both MRI and endoscopic surveillance. Optimal MRI diffusion b values have yet to be established for this clinical purpose. From our MRI database between 2018 and 2019, we identified a cohort of 28 patients after exclusions who underwent MRI of the rectum before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation with a protocol that included both b800 and b1500 s/mm2 diffusion sequences. Four radiologists experienced in rectal MRI interpreted the post-CRT MRI studies with either b800 DWI or b1500 DWI, and a minimum of 2 weeks later re-interpreted the same studies using the other b value sequence. Surgical pathology or endoscopic follow-up for 1 year without tumor re-growth was used as the reference standard. Descriptive statistics compared accuracy for each reader and for all readers combined between b values. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using kappa statistics. A p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Within the cohort, 19/28 (67.9%) had residual tumor, while 9/28 (32.1%) had a complete response. Among four readers, one reader had increased sensitivity for detection of residual tumor at b1500 s/mm2 (0.737 vs. 0.526, p = 0.046). There was no significant difference between detection of residual tumor at b800 and at b1500 for the rest of the readers. With all readers combined, the pooled sensitivity was 0.724 at b1500 versus 0.605 at b800, but this was not significant (p = 0.119). There was no difference in agreement between readers at the two b value settings (67.8% at b800 vs. 72.0% at b1500), or for any combination of individual readers. Aside from one reader demonstrating increased sensitivity, no significant difference in accuracy parameters or inter-observer agreement was found between MR using b800 and b1500 for the detection of residual tumor after neoadjuvant CRT for LARC. However, there was a suggestion of a trend towards increased sensitivity with b1500, and further studies using larger cohorts may be needed to further investigate this topic.
Effect of catalyst shape and multicomponent diffusion flux models on intraparticle transport-kinetic interactions in the gas-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Abstract Intraparticle Fischer-Tropsch (FT) transport-kinetics interactions for various Fe-based catalyst particle shapes (sphere, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, 4-hole cylinder, modified 4-hole cylinder, and 7-hole cylinder) under typical gas-phase FT process conditions (T = 493–533 K, P = 25–30 bar, and H2/CO = 2) are investigated using different multicomponent diffusion flux models. A Fe-based microkinetic gas-phase FT model is used to describe the intrinsic reaction rates for all reactants and products. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS is used to describe the vapor-liquid equilibrium associated with the FT product distribution. The effect of process conditions and catalyst shape on the effectiveness factor, particle volume-averaged key component concentrations, liquid-to-vapor (L/V) ratios and diesel range concentration profiles, along with methane-based diesel selectivities, are presented. It is found that the solid cylinder has the highest volume-average diesel concentration (ca. 4.4 mol/m3 at T = 493 K and P = 25 bar) when compared to the other shapes. The hollow cylinder and 7-hole cylinder shapes have the lowest intraparticle liquid-to-vapor (L/V) ratio (ca. 0.004 at T = 493 K and P = 25 bar) and the highest effectiveness factor (η) of 0.35. Temperature-based diffusivity correlations do not consider the change in effective diffusivities of the species in the FT reaction network. The simulations show that the inclusion of Knudsen diffusion through the Wilke-Bosanquet and Dusty-Gas Models resulted in an intraparticle FT product distribution that closely approximate literature results.
A Self-Organizing Extreme-Point Tabu-Search Algorithm for Fixed Charge Network Problems with Extensions.

We propose a new self-organizing algorithm for fixed-charge network flow problems based on ghost image (GI) processes as proposed in Glover (1994) and adapted to fixed-charge transportation problems in Glover, Amini and Kochenberger (2005). Our self-organizing GI algorithm iteratively modifies an idealized representation of the problem embodied in a parametric ghost image, enabling all steps to be performed with a primal network flow algorithm operating on the parametric GI. Computational tests are carried out on an extensive set of benchmark problems which includes the previous largest set in the literature, comparing our algorithm to the best methods previously proposed for fixed-charge transportation problems, though our algorithm is not specialized to this class. We also provide comparisons for additional more general fixed-charge network flow problems against Cplex 12.8 to demonstrate that the new self-organizing GI algorithm is effective on large problem instances, finding solutions with statistically equivalent objective values at least 700 times faster. The attractive outcomes produced by the current GI/TS implementation provide a significant advance in our ability to solve fixed-cost network problems efficiently and invites its use for larger instances from a variety of application domains.
Do-not-resuscitate orders and readmission among elderly patients with heart failure in Pennsylvania: An observational study, 2011 - 2014

Abstract Background Readmissions for patients with heart failure (HF) continues to be a target of value-based purchasing initiatives. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders—one part of advance care planning (ACP)—have been shown to be related to other patient outcomes but has not been explored as a risk factor for HF readmission. Objectives Examine the association between DNR and 30-day readmissions among elderly patients with HF admitted to hospitals in Pennsylvania. Methods Data included hospital discharges from 2011 to 2014 of patients 65+ years with a primary diagnosis of HF. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between DNR and 30-day readmission. Results Among 107,806 patients, 20.9% were readmitted within 30 days. After controlling for covariates, patients with HF who had a DNR were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.91, p Conclusions Documentation of a DNR may inform efforts to reduce readmissions among elderly patients with HF.
Reinforcement and Fatigue of a Bioinspired Mineral–Organic Bioresorbable Bone Adhesive

Bioresorbable bone adhesives may provide remarkable clinical solutions in areas ranging from fixation and osseointegration of permanent implants to the direct healing and fusion of bones without permanent fixation hardware. Mechanical properties of bone adhesives are critical for their successful application in vivo. Reinforcement of a tetracalcium phosphate-phosphoserine bone adhesive is investigated using three degradable reinforcement strategies: poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) fibers, PLGA sutures, and chitosan lactate. All three approaches lead to higher compressive strengths of the material and better fatigue performance. Reinforcement with PLGA fibers and chitosan lactate results in a 100% probability of survival of samples at 20 MPa maximum compressive stress level, which is almost ten times higher compared to compressive loads observed in the intervertebral discs of the spine in vivo. High adhesive shear strength of 5.1 MPa is achieved for fiber-reinforced bone adhesive by tuning the surface architecture of titanium samples. Finally, biological and biomechanical performance of the fiber-reinforced adhesive is evaluated in a rabbit distal femur osteotomy model, showing the potential of the bone adhesive for clinical use.
Unifying the optoelectronic spectrum at the chip scale

Electronics and photonics have long had a complementary coexistence across multiple application areas. Nonetheless, an ideal partnership of these two realms was made challenging in large part by the enormous frequencies of lightwaves. About two decades ago, this limitation was overcome with the invention of the laser frequency comb. Combs provide a coherent link between electronics and photonics, and because the link is bidirectional, performance attributes previously unique to each can now be shared. Their implementation has been transformative for time keeping, frequency metrology, precision spectroscopy, microwave-generation, ranging and other technologies. More recently still, high-Q nonlinear optical microresonators, have enabled chip-scale frequency combs. I will review efforts to fully integrate comb systems around these new ‘microcombs,’ along with the physical principles of the devices themselves. Finally, I will consider the revolutionary impact this chip-scale unification of the optoelectronic spectrum can have on photonic instrumentation and consumer products.
Racial Disparities in Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a US National Birth Cohort

Importance There are limited data on the racial disparities in the incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in children at the national level. Objective To explore differences in rates of diagnosis of ADHD and use of treatment among children by race and ethnicity. Design, setting, and participants This retrospective cohort study assessed insurance claims data of children born in the US between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2012, who had continuous insurance coverage for at least 4 years. The last date of follow-up included in the cohort was June 30, 2019. Race/ethnicity designations were based on self-report and included non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Data were analyzed between October 2019 and December 2020. Exposures Race and ethnicity. Main outcomes and measures ADHD diagnosis as defined by International Classification of Diseases codes (ninth or tenth editions) and treatment within 1 year of diagnosis, including medication and behavior therapy as defined by billing codes. Data on ADHD diagnosis and treatment were adjusted for sex, region, and household income in a multivariate Cox regression model. Results Among 238 011 children in the cohort (116 093 [48.8%] girls; 15 183 [6.7%] Asian, 14 792 [6.2%] Black, 23 358 [9.8%] Hispanic, and 173 082 [72.7%] White children), 11 401 (4.8%) were diagnosed with ADHD. The cumulative incidence at age 12 was 13.12% (95% CI, 12.79%-13.46%). In multivariate Cox regression adjusting for sex, region, and household income, the hazard ratio for Asian children was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.43-0.53); Black children, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.90); and Hispanic children, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.82) compared with White children. In the first year after diagnosis, 516 preschool children (19.4%) received behavioral therapy only, 860 (32.4%) had medications only, 505 (19.0%) had both, and 774 (29.2%) had no claims associated with either option. A higher percentage of school-aged children (2904 [65.6%]) were prescribed medications, and fewer had therapy only (639 [14.4%]) or no treatment at all (884 [20.0%]). Compared with other groups, White children were more likely to receive some kind of treatment. Asian children had the highest odds of receiving no treatment (odds ratio compared with White children, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42-0.70). Conclusions and relevance Racial and ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are evident. Future study is needed to elucidate the mechanism behind these disparities, with special attention to Asian children. Clinicians should provide racially sensitive care in the evaluation and treatment of ADHD.
Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish.

Vertebrate eye development is a complex process that begins near the end of embryo gastrulation and requires the precise coordination of cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Time-lapse imagining offers unique insight to the behavior of cells during eye development because it allows us to visualize oculogenesis in vivo. Zebrafish are an excellent model to visualize this process due to their highly conserved vertebrate eye and their ability to develop rapidly and externally while remaining optically transparent. Time-lapse imaging studies of zebrafish eye development are greatly facilitated by use of the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(rx3:GFP). In the developing forebrain, rx3:GFP expression marks the cells of the single eye field, and GFP continues to be expressed as the eye field evaginates to form an optic vesicle, which then invaginates to form an optic cup. High resolution time lapse imaging of rx3:GFP expression, therefore, allows us to track the eye primordium through time as it develops into the retina. Lightsheet microscopy is an ideal method to image ocular morphogenesis over time due to its ability to penetrate thicker samples for fluorescent imaging, minimize photobleaching and phototoxicity, and image at a high speed. Here, a protocol is provided for time-lapse imaging of ocular morphogenesis using a commercially available lightsheet microscope and an image processing workstation to analyze the resulting data. This protocol details the procedures for embryo anesthesia, embedding in low melting temperature agarose, suspension in the imaging chamber, setting up the imaging parameters, and finally analyzing the imaging data using image analysis software. The resulting dataset can provide valuable insights into the process of ocular morphogenesis, as well as perturbations to this process as a result of genetic mutation, exposure to pharmacological agents, or other experimental manipulations.
Developing best practices for PPE Portraits across 25 sites: a systematic assessment of implementation and spread of adaptations using FRAME.

Adaptation, a form of modification that aims to improve an intervention’s acceptability and sustainability in each context, is essential to successful implementation in some settings. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have rapidly adapted how they deliver patient care. PPE Portraits are a form of adaptation, whereby health workers affix a postcard size portrait of themselves to the front of their personal protective equipment (PPE) to foster human connection during COVID-19. We used the expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions (FRAME) method to better understand the reasoning behind and results of each adaptation. We hypothesized that using the FRAME in conjunction with design-thinking would lead to emerging best practices and that we would find adaptation similarities across sites. Throughout multiple implementations across 25 institutions, we piloted, tracked, and analyzed adaptations using FRAME and design thinking. For each adaptation, we assessed the stage of implementation, whether the change was planned, decision makers involved, level of delivery impacted, fidelity to original intervention, and the goal and reasoning for adaptation. We added three crucial components to the FRAME: original purpose of the adaptation, unintended consequences, and alternative adaptations. When implementing PPE Portraits across settings, from a local assisted living center’s memory unit to a pediatric emergency department, several requests for adaptations arose during early development stages before implementation. Adaptations primarily related to (1) provider convenience and comfort, (2) patient populations, and (3) scale. Providers preferred smaller portraits and rounded (rather than square) laminated edges that could potentially injure a patient. Affixing the portrait with a magnet was rejected given the potential choking hazard the magnetic strip presented for children. Other adaptations, related to ease of dissemination, included slowing the process down during early development and providing buttons, which could be produced easily at scale. The FRAME was used to curate the reasoning for each adaptation and to inform future dissemination. We look forward to utilizing FRAME including our additions and design thinking, to build out a range of PPE Portrait best practices with accompanying costs and benefits.
Stable Rates of Low Vitamin D Status Among Children Despite Increased Testing: A Population-Based Study.

Objective To determine the trends in testing and incidence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in Olmsted County, Minnesota over a 16-year period. Study design The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) was used to identify Olmsted County, Minnesota residents aged 50 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was defined as a total 25(OH)D level of Results There was a 42-fold increase in the proportion of the county's pediatric population tested each year, starting at 3.7 per 10 000 persons in 2002 and increasing to 156.1 per 10 000 persons in 2017. The largest increase in testing occurred in children aged ≥10 years, specifically the females in this age group, in whom we observed a 90-fold increase from 2002 to 2017. During the 16-year period, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (per 10 000 persons) increased from 1.7 in 2002-2003 to 19.9 in 2016-2017, but the proportion that were tested and had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency remained stable, with rates of 21.9% (95% CI, 16.1%-29.1%) in 2006-2007 and 18.5% (95% CI, 16.0%-21.2%) in 2016-2017. Conclusions The proportion of the county's pediatric population who underwent vitamin D testing increased from 2002 to 2017, in parallel to the increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, but the proportion tested that had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency remained stable over time.
Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Resident Workforce.

* Abbreviations: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 PD — : program director Pediatric residency programs must ensure residents achieve competence, despite disruptions from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.1,2 We conducted a national survey of pediatric program directors (PDs) to determine the extent of disruptions in pediatric resident training and frequency of resident redeployment and COVID-19 illness. We performed a national cross-sectional, electronic survey of pediatric PDs from May to July 2020. We received Institutional Review Board approval from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. We developed our survey after literature review, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing. In our survey, we included questions about program characteristics, pandemic emergency stage, impact on patient care, and resident illness and exposure. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education established 3 pandemic emergency stages, in which some … Address correspondence to Monique M. Naifeh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N Children’s Ave, Suite 12300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. E-mail: Monique-naifeh{at}ouhsc.edu
Analyzing the relationships between city opioid deaths and socioeconomic factors.

Background: The opioid crisis has been increasing in severity over the past several decades. Every year, thousands of people die due to opioid-related issues. The factors that play into the causes of this are complex. Our study aimed to see how commute times, city budget for roads, and city budget for arts and culture contribute to the city's overall opioid death rates. We know that overdose rates are more common in cities rather than rural areas, therefore making one major city per state as part of our design. Methods: We collected data from one city per state (n = 50) and ran two ANOVA tests and 11 logistical regression tests. Both types of tests were run on IBM SPSS Statistical software version 25 at its default settings with a confidence interval set to 95 percent. Opioid deaths were the dependent variable, whereas commute time, budget for roads, and budget for arts and culture were the independent variables. Results: Commute time yielded a significant result in almost all the tests it was included in: Table 1, 0.033; Table 3, 0.000; Figure 4, 0.000; Figure 5, 0.000. Budget for roads also showed significant results in most of its tests as well: Table 1, 0.003; Table 2, 0.047; Figure 3, 0.001. Budget for arts and culture showed significant results but not in a pattern that we could interpret: Table 1, 0.002; Table 2, 0.021; Table 4, 0.013. Conclusions: Commute time and the budget for roads are likely to play a role in their city's opioid crisis. Understanding where a city fits in relation to these results may better help them prepare and reduce opioid death rates.
Update from the Animal Science Undergraduate Teaching Section—2015

Undergraduate student enrollment in the Animal Science department continues to increase. A total of 1,051 undergraduate students set another new record this fall. Placement numbers also remain high, with over 97% of graduates either entering graduate or professional school or gaining employment within six months of graduation
DNA homology and immunological cross-reactivity between Aeromonas hydrophila cytotonic toxin and cholera toxin.

DNA colony hybridization with three 18- to 20-base-long synthetic oligonucleotide probes for cholera toxin (CT) was used to screen 12 clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. Under stringent hybridizing (overnight at 40 degrees C) and washing (1 h at 50 degrees C) conditions, nine strains reacted with the 32P-labeled CT probes. Concentrated (10x) cell-free supernatants or lysates from eight cultures, heated at 56 degrees C for 20 min, produced cytotonic effects in Y-1 mouse adrenal cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and caused a 1.5- to 22-fold increase in production of cyclic AMP in CHO cells. Preincubation with anti-CT reduced the CHO cell titer of cell lysates by 10-fold. In the GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, heated supernatants and lysates gave readings equivalent to 3.5 to 100 ng of CT. Three proteins with molecular weights of 89,900, 37,000, and 11,000 reacted with anti-CT on immunoblots of cell lysates from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. These results suggest that there is DNA homology and immunological cross-reactivity between CT and the A. hydrophila cytotonic toxin. Images
Identifying Sea Level Rise Vulnerability using GIS: Development of a Transit Inundation Modeling Method

Sea level rise inundation poses risk to critical transportation infrastructure as the threat of climate change continues. Although mitigation efforts are being implemented, these practices are not timely enough to avoid all potential impact. Therefore, adaptation practices are essential to building resilience and protecting transportation facilities, specifically public transit (rail and bus) networks. This research establishes a method, Transit Inundation Modeling Method (TIMM), used to identify transit infrastructure systems that are vulnerable to sea level rise using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). TIMM allows transit agencies to begin adapting by identifying at-risk links and nodes based on various sea level rise inundation levels. This method is applied to a case study application on the Philadelphia County transit system (railway and bus routes). This case study is used to determine the method’s applicability and relevance to a real world transit network. By using this method to identify vulnerabilities, transit agencies throughout the nation can begin to implement adaptation practices (elevate, relocate or reinforce) in order to protect existing facilities as well as plan for future transit projects.
Suicide Risk Factors In Alcohol Abuse

The "clinical model" approach to estimating suicide risk assumes that persons sharing specific attributes will also share certain indicators of vulnerability to suicide. This would warrant an empirically derived risk assessment scale applicable only to persons with those attributes. Nine hundred seventy eight persons at risk for suicide who met our criteria for alcohol abuse were interviewed at length and followed for two years, during which 53 (5.5 percent) committed suicide. Eleven variables which best differentiated those who suicided from those who did not in an index set were then applied to an independent validation set. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Isolation and Culture of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)

Human-derived endothelial cells can now be routinely harvested from human umbilical veins. Studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have been conducted with cells from passage 2 to 5. It is now also possible to cryopreserve primary and early-passaged HUVEC for future propagation and for forwarding to an end user by express courier. Stored HUVEC have been stably retrieved even after several years. These retrieval techniques have facilitated the deployment of HUVEC for many studies, including those for homeostasis, inflammatory disorders, atherosclerosis, cancer, and microbial adhesion and invasion. In this unit, we will delineate the procedure for harvesting, propagation, and storage of HUVEC.
Effectiveness and feasibility of a software tool to help patients communicate with doctors about problems they face with their medication regimen (EMPATHy): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Low-income, Mexican-American patients with diabetes exhibit high rates of medication nonadherence, poor blood sugar control and serious complications, and often have difficulty communicating their concerns about the medication regimen to physicians. Interventions led by community health workers, non-professional community members who are trained to work with patients to improve engagement and communication during the medical visit, have had mixed success in improving outcomes. The primary objective of this project is to pilot test a prototype software toolkit called “EMPATHy” that a community health worker can administer to help patients identify the most important barriers to adherence that they face and discuss these barriers with their doctor. The EMPATHy toolkit will be piloted in an ongoing intervention (Coached Care) in which community health workers are trained to be “coaches” to meet with patients before the medical visit and help them prepare a list of important questions for the doctor. A total of 190 Mexican-American patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes will be recruited from December 2014 through June 2015 and will be randomly assigned to complete either a single Coached Care intervention visit with no software tools or a Coached Care visit incorporating the EMPATHy software toolkit. The primary endpoints are (1) the development of a “contextualized plan of care” (i.e., a plan of care that addresses a barrier to medication adherence in the patient’s daily life) with the doctor, determined from an audio recording of the medical visit, and (2) attainment of a concrete behavioral goal set during the intervention session, assessed in a 2-week follow-up phone call to the patient. The statistical analysis will include logistic regression models and is powered to detect a 50% increase in the primary endpoints. The study will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of a software tool to help patients communicate with doctors about problems they face with their medications. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02324036 Registered 16 December 2014.
Tsunami Modeling, Fluid Load Simulation, and Validation Using Geospatial Field Data

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated, interdisciplinary methodology incorporating multiphysics, multiscale numerical modeling and simulation from tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation to subsequent coupled structural response and associated fluid loads. This novel, cohesive approach performs these simulations across a large spectrum of scales, enabling structural engineers to take full advantage of the detail available in recent advances in tsunami modeling, geospatial data collection, and computational structural mechanics. Extensive seismic networks, geodetic instruments, and water-level stations provide unprecedented data sets, enabling one to model, simulate and reconstruct tsunami events with high fidelity. A number of coordinated, ground-based surveys also collect valuable, time-sensitive quantitative information to improve understanding of structural response to tsunami loading following events. Recently, some of these surveys include high-resolution LIDAR measurements, which provide...
Analytical determination of duct fitting loss-coefficients

Abstract Loss-coefficient data for 9 ductwork fittings were generated utilizing a commercially-available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. A total of 159 unique coefficients were generated for the various flow and geometry conditions. The computer code was used to produce pressure field data necessary to compute the loss coefficients, as well as to produce flow field and static pressure plots that offer insight into the physics of the flow field. The agreements between the published experimental and representative computational results were generally within the ±15% error bounds, with 2 notable exceptions. The exceptions were for the round die-stamped smooth radius and the round 5-gore radius elbows, where the loss coefficients obtained computationally were insensitive to diameter change with r/D constant at 1.5. The reason for the differences between the computational and published results are thought to be due to absolute roughness differences. The agreement in the other cases has led to the conclusion that computational techniques could be accurately utilized to verify and expand duct fitting databases.
Patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect and branch pulmonary artery stenosis: A possible new syndrome

Abstract This report describes 3 family members affected by a constellation of congenital heart defects with possible autosomal dominant transmission.
Maximum mandibular opening in patients with and without a history of TMJ dysfunction

It was shown that there was no direct connection between maximum jaw opening and a history of TMJ symptoms (Fig. 7). An accurate diagnosis requires the evaluation of a wide range of signs and symptoms through both a history and a clinical examination.
Response to the maternal pheromone in the rat as protection against necrotizing enterocolitis

Abstract Rat pups between the ages of 14 and 27 days are strongly attracted to a pheromone carried in the feces of the mother. It is hypothesized that this pheromone has deoxycholic acid as an essential component and that its ingestion through maternal feces protects the young rat against necrotizing enterocolitis, a highly lethal disease of the gastrointestinal tract.
Evaluation of Polarization Diversity Performance

The performance realizable from the statistical relationship between the fading of signals received on vertically and horizontally polarized antennas has been evaluated by interpretation of the joint distribution of these signals. A brief description is given of special instrumentation which determined the joint distribution as the signals were received. Data were collected at 6.985 and 11.66 megacycles using unmodulated signals transmitted from Red Bank, N.J., and received near St. Louis, Mo. The performance at 11.66 megacycles was very nearly that expected of independent Rayleigh-distributed fading of the vertical and horizontal components of the received signals. At 6.985 megacycles the realizable diversity performance was somewhat less effective than would have been expected with independent fading.
Delayed cystogenesis and increased ciliogenesis associated with the re-expression of polaris in Tg737 mutant mice

Delayed cystogenesis and increased ciliogenesis associated with the re-expression of polaris in Tg737 mutant mice. Background Renal cysts and shortened cilia on renal tubular epithelia have been observed in Tg737 orpk ( orpk ) mutant mice, suggesting a potential connection between cystogenesis and ciliogenesis. To further test this hypothesis we have characterized the progression of cystic disease and cilia expression in orpk , orpk ;Tg737Rsq ( orpk rescue), and Tg737 Δ2-3βGal ;Tg737Rsq (KO rescue) mice. Methods Orpk , orpk rescue, and KO rescue animals were generated and analyzed from postnatal day (P) 0 to P21 ( orpk mutants) or from P0 to P210 ( orpk rescue and KO rescue animals). Proximal tubules (PT) and collecting tubules (CT) were identified by immunohistochemistry using segment-specific lectins and a segment-specific cystic index was calculated. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe and measure cilia expression in cysts from orpk , orpk rescue, and KO rescue animals. Results KO rescue and orpk rescue animals develop adult-onset autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Ultrastructural analysis of cilia expression revealed that cysts from orpk expressed short cilia, whereas cysts from KO rescue animals expressed normal length cilia and cysts from orpk rescue animals expressed cilia that are two to five times longer than wild type. Conclusion While this data is consistent with a role for polaris in ciliogenesis, it does not support a direct connection between ciliogenesis and cystic disease. Similarities in cyst formation and striking differences in cilia expression associated with these ARPKD mouse models indicates that cyst formation and cilia expression are independent phenotypic features regulated by polaris.
When what you type isn’t what they read: The perseverance of stereotypes and expectancies over e-mail

Abstract People form impressions of others by communicating with them, but not all modes of communication transmit information with equal fidelity. E-mail, for instance, is an inherently more limited mode of communication than is voice because of its relative lack of paralinguistic and non-verbal cues. The present research investigated the implication of this distinction for the biasing influence of stereotypes and expectancies. Three experiments demonstrated that racial stereotypes and bogus expectancies influence people’s impressions of a target more strongly over e-mail than voice interactions (Studies 1–3). This occurred despite an experimental design that ensured that the word-for-word content was constant across the two mediums. Follow-up analyses revealed that the effect was due, at least in part, to the greater ambiguity of e-mail versus voice communication (Study 3). Although e-mail affords many benefits, the present research suggests that it may also have some unexpected costs.
Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed on Ni(111)

Abstract We have measured the intensities of the 992 cm −1 (ν 1 ) and 1032 cm −1 (ν 12 ) lines in the Raman spectra of pyridine multilayers adsorbed on a Ni(111) surface, as a function of multilayer thickness. These experiments have been carried out in a standard ultra high vacuum chamber with Auger electron spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy capabilities. We find that the intensity of the 992 cm −1 line decreases linearly with multilayer thickness down to ∼ 5 layers. From these data and spectra of submonolayer quantities of Nitrobenzene on Ni(111) we predict an observable intensity for unenhanced spectra for monolayer amounts of pyridine on Ni(111). Attempts at observation of monolayer pyridine on this surface have been unsuccessful. We conclude that the scattering intensity of chemisorbed pyridine on Ni(111) is not enhanced and is likely less than would be predicted from the gas phase cross section.
Ricardian equivalence in the presence of capital market imperfections

Abstract It is a common claim that Ricardian equivalence fails if capital markets are imperfect. The validity of this claim is examined for the case of informationally imperfect capital markets. We present three alternative models of adverse selection and analyze the effects of debt finance in these models. It is shown that a debt-financed tax cut can lead to Pareto improvement in some cases. In the theoretically most preferable model, however, Ricardian equivalence survives in spite of genuine imperfections in the capital market. The results point to the importance of specifying the exact nature of imperfection.
A few black keys and Maori tattoos: Re‐reading Jane Campion's the piano in PostNegritude time

(2000). A few black keys and Maori tattoos: Re‐reading Jane Campion's the piano in PostNegritude time. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 107-116.