cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 711: Elimination of multi-drug-resistant breast cancer cells using combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound and low-dose generic chemotherapeutic

PURPOSE Despite medical advances, multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancers continue to challenge the patients. In this study, we seek to evaluate a new strategy in which the combination of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and low-dose generic chemotherapeutic is utilized to attack MDR breast cancer cells. METHOD This strategy, motivated by clinical trials in which HIFU was used to treat breast fibroadenoma, led to the in vitro study during which human triple-negative breast cancer stem cell line BT-549 (ATCC), known for resistance to Docetaxel (DTX), was paradoxically treated with low-dose DTX. Day 1: Each data sample consisted of ∼10K cells grown inside a well of 8-well glass slides (Lab-Tek). Each slide was then filled with growth media, sealed, submerged in 37oC degassed water bath and secured onto a fixture. The targets for HIFU therapy are the center points of the 4 quadrants of each well9s base. The constant HIFU parameters for each slide were acoustic pressure 5MPa, repetition rate 1Hz, focal-zone depth and 30 sec/sonication/center point while duty cycle (DC) ranged 0-50% among slides. After HIFU treatment, the slides were incubated for 24h. Day 2: Cell media for each slide was replaced with fresh media containing [DTX] 0-4 nM prior to repeating HIFU procedure from day 1. Day 4: After 48h of exposure to DTX, cell survivability study was performed to determine the contribution of HIFU-mediated necrosis as well as necrosis mediated by low [DTX] (versus apoptosis by very high [DTX]). RESULTS Cell survivability decreased by increasing [DTX] or DC. In DTX-only group (DC 0%), average survivability was 42.8% (n = 7) for [DTX] 1nM while in HIFU-only group ([DTX] 0 nM), average survivability was 25.1% (n = 7) at DC 30%. In contrast, there was virtually no survivability of breast cancer stem cells for the combination of [DTX] 1nM and DC ≥ 30%. CONCLUSION The combination of HIFU and low-dose Docetaxel was successful in virtually eliminating MDR breast cancer cells in 4 days. Citation Format: Howard Q. Vo, Yoo-Shin Kim, Brian E. O9Neill. Elimination of multi-drug-resistant breast cancer cells using combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound and low-dose generic chemotherapeutic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-711
Growth mindset of anxiety buffers the link between stressful life events and psychological distress and coping strategies

Abstract Beliefs about the malleability of global attributes like personality and intelligence – known as mindsets – are well-established predictors of resilience to challenges in educational contexts. Recent research further suggests that mindsets about anxiety may act in a similar fashion with mental health resilience. In this study we examined whether anxiety mindset would moderate relations between history of stressful life events and psychological distress and coping. Consistent with predictions, relations between number of stressful life events and posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, substance use, and motivations for non-suicidal self-injury were weaker among those with more of a growth mindset relative to those with more of a fixed mindset. These initial results suggest that anxiety mindsets function in a similar way for mental health resilience as how mindsets of intelligence function for academic outcomes.
Anwar and Maqasid: Forging a Muslim Democracy

Charles Allers provides details of the Malaysian opposition leader’s construction of a liberal–democratic and pluralist vision for Malaysia drawing upon Anwar’s interpretations of the overarching objectives of sharia. Allers sketches Anwar’s background of early diverse social and educational experiences and his subsequent leadership role in Islamic activism in the 1970s prior to his joining the United Malays National Organization in 1982, where he became the Malaysian deputy prime minister in 1993. During his tenure in the mid-1990s, Allers argues that he further developed his inclusive and pluralistic perspective, appealing to the concept of maqasid al-sharia for the first time. Though sacked and imprisoned between 1998 and 2004, and 2014–present, Anwar has continued to champion his universal, pluralistic ideology promoting the compatibility of Islam and democracy.
First Benchmark of Relativistic Photoionization Theories against 3D ab initio Simulation

Photoelectron spectra and ionization rates encompassing relativistic intensities and hydrogenlike ions with relativistic binding energies are obtained using a quasiclassical S-matrix approach. These results, along with those based on the imaginary time method, are compared with three-dimensional, ½-period ab initio simulations for a wide range of ionization potentials and electric field amplitudes. Significant differences between the three results are demonstrated. Time-dependent simulations indicate that the peak ionization current can occur before the peak of the electric field.
Looking beyond Culture: Building Successful Multiparty Collaboration

The complexities of global business and the need for rapid, effective responses to problems that cross borders and span cultures demand an understanding of why transnational multiparty collaborations have failed and why they have succeeded. At the core of this work is 1) understanding the role that culture and identity play in creating a meta-identity built on the strengths of individual and organization identities and the sameness those identities represent; 2) the development of strong connectedness between the parties; and 3) the creation of a shared vision of what is trying to be achieved. Ultimately, the strength of the meta-identity surpasses the strengths of individual identities without the loss of same to transition to a place where collaborative success can occur. This paper reports on the first phase of a mixed methods research program - qualitative data gathered through grounded theory techniques on successful transnational multiparty endeavors and unsuccessful experiences. Findings are summarized from interviews conducted with professionals in a variety of businesses encompassing the government, profit, and non-profit sectors representing six nations and four indigenous populations for the purpose of understanding the behavior of transnational, multiparty collaboration. One implication from this study is that managing cultural differences could be viewed from a hygiene factor perspective, where culture can only play a dissatisfaction role and that collaboration comes from the common factors of building on the strengths of individual identities, development of strong interconnectedness and the creation of a shared vision. The second phase of the research program – a qualitative study - introduces a hypothesized model of transnational multiparty collaboration and promulgates a series of hypotheses as well preliminary scales to model the constructs. This work will be conducted in second half of 2016.
Differentiating "could" from "should": Developmental changes in modal cognition

Young children have difficulty in distinguishing events that violate physical laws (impossible events) from those that violate mere physical regularities (improbable events). They judge both as "impossible." Young children also have difficulty in distinguishing events that violate moral laws (immoral events) from events that violate mere social regularities (unconventional events). They judge both as "wrong." In this set of studies, we explored the possibility that both difficulties arise from a more general deficit in modal cognition, or the way in which children represent and reason about possibilities. Participants (80 children aged 3-10years and 101 adults) were shown impossible, improbable, unconventional, and immoral events and were asked to judge whether the events could occur in real life and whether they would be okay to do. Preschool-aged children not only had difficulty distinguishing law-violating events from regularity-violating events but also had difficulty distinguishing the two modal questions themselves, judging physically abnormal events (e.g., floating in the air) as immoral and judging socially abnormal events (e.g., lying to a parent) as impossible. These findings were replicated in a second study where participants (74 children and 78 adults) judged whether the events under consideration would require magic (a specific consequence of impossibility) or would require punishment (a specific consequence of impermissibility). Our findings imply that young children's modal representations clearly distinguish abnormal events from ordinary events but do not clearly distinguish different types of abnormal events from each other. That is, the distinction between whether an event could occur and whether an event should occur must be learned.
O-16 Lean body weight based dosing achieves comparable systemic pantoprazole exposures for normal-weight and overweight/obese children

Background We previously reported increased AUCtot and decreased CL/F for the commonly prescribed pro-ton pump inhibitor (PPI) and CYP2C19 substrate, pan-toprazole, in obese vs. non-obese children. In light of increasing concerns regarding adverse events associated with high systemic exposure to PPIs in children (e.g., os-teopenia, infection, micronutrient deficiencies), we aimed to identify a pantoprazole dosing strategy appropriate for overweight/obese children, who are six times more likely to suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease and require PPI therapy than normal weight peers. Given that most physiologic metabolic processes occur in lean body tissues, lean body weight (LBW) based doing was imple-mented in this prospective paediatric pharmacokinetic investigation. Methods 62 children (6–17 years of age; 39% Female), genotyped for CYP2C19 *2, *3, *4, *17 alleles (TaqMan), re-ceived a single oral dose of pantoprazole (1.2 mg/kg lean body weight). LBW was calculated via the Janmahasatian equation. Plasma pantoprazole and metabolite concen-trations were measured (HPLC-UV) at 10 time-points, over 8 hours, and pharmacokinetic parameters (PK) generat-ed via non-compartmental techniques (Kinetica 5.0). For children with at least one wild-type CYP2C19 allele (*1), select pantoprazole PK were compared in normal-weight (Body Mass Index (BMI) 10-84th% for age; n=29) and over-weight/obese (BMI ≥85th% for age; n=30) children, using independent student t-test (SPSS v23; α=0.05). Results No statistically significant differences were observed for pantoprazole AUCtot in normal-weight (13.9±32.2 µMolar*h) vs. overweight/obese (14.68±31.03 µMolar*h) children (p=0.9). No statistically significant dif-ferences in pantoprazole CL/F (23.9±16.6 vs. 19.8±25.8 L/h; p=0.5) or Cmax (5.66±3.8 vs. 7.76±4.4 uMolar; p=0.06) were observed between normal-weight and overweight/obese children. Conclusion LBW, rather than total body weight, based dosing is most appropriate to achieve comparable sys-temic exposures to pantoprazole for normal-weight and overweight/obese children. This dosing strategy appears to eliminate the systemic pantoprazole overexposure previously observed in obese children and will likely min-imize their risk for adverse events associated with high-dose PPI therapy. Future pharmacokinetic-pharmacody-namic studies of PPIs may be warranted for overweight and obese children.
Development of a women's mental health curriculum and evolution to a Women's Mental Health Area of Concentration in a psychiatry residency program

In 2014, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office on Women's Health emphasized the importance of women's health education, particularly in the realm of behavioral health. In order to support the professional interests of psychiatry trainees, a women's mental health study group (WMHSG) was developed and implemented. The WMHSG aimed primarily to supplement the resident curriculum and promote consideration of careers in women's mental health. After successful implementation, the curriculum was formalized into a Women's Mental Health Area of Concentration within the Department of Psychiatry's residency training program. Participants found the WMHSG to be interesting, to increase knowledge and improve clinical practice, and to facilitate mentorship opportunities. The creation and evolution of a WMHSG into an Area of Concentration offers an example for enhancing training in WMH topics and principles that can be extended to other medical specialties.
Experimental and numerical studies of helium-cooled modular divertors with multiple jets

Abstract As part of the US-Japan PHENIX program, the helium-cooled modular divertor with multiple jets (HEMJ) and a simpler “flat” variant were experimentally studied in a closed helium loop with a redesigned test chamber at coolant inlet temperatures as great as 425 °C, incident heat fluxes as great as 2.2 MW/m2 and prototypical inlet pressures of ∼10 MPa. The data were used to develop correlations for the average Nusselt number and loss coefficient for a range of mass flow rates; these correlations were used in turn to predict the thermal-hydraulic performance of a single divertor module at prototypical conditions. The experimental results suggest that a flat jet array with six holes surrounding one central hole, all of the same diameter, can provide similar average heat transfer coefficients as the HEMJ divertor, albeit with higher pumping power requirements. Because of its smaller cooled surface area, however, this design has lower maximum allowable heat fluxes compared with the HEMJ divertor. Nevertheless, the flat variant could potentially simplify manufacturing and reduce the costs required to fabricate O(106) “finger” modules.
Interaction of Feminism and Social Work in America

Equal opportunity for the advancement of women is essential, but equal responsibility and dynamic leadership are also required for genuine effectiveness
Implementation and evaluation of a women's reproductive health pharmacy elective.

Abstract Background and purpose To create, implement and evaluate an elective course for pharmacy students focusing on women's reproductive health topics. Educational activity and setting A course was developed that included lectures discussing contraception, infertility, preconception care, pregnancy, and postpartum health. Active learning provided in the forms of journal article review and review of drug information resources for medication use in pregnancy were utilized. Workshops provided hands-on experiences with prescription contraceptives and over-the-counter fertility products. Knowledge and skills were assessed with in-class quizzes, journal article presentations, class participation, patient cases, and a final exam. A 46-item survey was administered to students pre- and post-course to assess self-perceived knowledge and confidence in women's reproductive health. Findings A total of 33 students were enrolled in the course. The response rate for the pre-course survey was 100% (n = 33) and for the post-course survey was 91% (n = 30). Students’ confidence in counseling on women's reproductive health topics significantly increased after the course (mean scores 2.62 pre-course and 3.75 post-course, p Discussion and summary A women's reproductive health course was well received by students and increased their self-perceived knowledge and confidence in the areas of prescription contraceptives and over-the-counter fertility products.
Queering narrative voice

Narrative theory has paid less attention to queer possibilities than narrative itself warrants. This essay takes up the specific subject of narrative voice and asks how it might be ‘queered’ by con...
Nature and Evolution of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine

Consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry refers to the skills and knowledge utilized in evaluating and treating the emotional and behavioral conditions in patients who are referred from medical and surgical settings. Many such patients have comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions, and others have emotional and behavioral problems that result from the medical illness either directly or as a reaction to it and its treatment.
Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all women age 65 and over for osteoporosis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the femoral neck. Neither the frequency of screening nor the age at which screening may stop are specified. Women at high risk should begin screening at age 60; however, the criteria for determining which women are at high risk are controversial. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening women younger than 60 or low-risk women aged 60–64. In making their recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force reviewed evidence related to five key questions, each of which is summarized next (1).
Die neue Psychosomatische Medizin, ehemals Konsiliarpsychiatrie, in den USA

In den USA wurde die Konsiliarpsychiatrie in 2004 als Teilgebietsbezeichnung innerhalb des Fachgebietes Psychiatrie offiziell anerkannt. Diese Zusatzqualifikation erhielt die neue Bezeichnung Psychosomatic Medicine. In Deutschland gibt es wiederum seit 1992 neben dem Fachgebiet der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie ein Fachgebiet namens Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, dessen historische Entwicklung anders verlief als die der „neueren“ Psychosomatic Medicine/Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry in den USA. Wahrend in den USA die konsiliar-liaisonpsychiatrische Versorgung von Patienten mit somatopsychischer Komorbiditat somit aus einer Hand erfolgt, gibt es in den deutschsprachigen Landern eine zum Teil doppelstrangige facharztliche Versorgung dieser Patienten durch die beiden genannten Fachgebiete. Die Psychosomatic Medicine/Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry in den USA hat sich aus der Psychiatrie am Allgemeinkrankenhaus sowie aus dem psychoanalytischen Behandlungsansatz entwickelt. Moderne Entwicklungen in der biologischen Psychiatrie haben zusatzlich in solchen Settings die Optionen einer psychopharmakologischen Therapie erweitert. Das deutsche Fachgebiet der Psychosomatik hat seine Wurzeln in der Psychoanalyse und der Inneren Medizin. Der vorliegende Beitrag von Thomas Wise hat das Ziel, Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten dieser beiden Richtungen aus der US-amerikanischen Sicht zu diskutieren, um dem deutschsprachigen Leser eine Verortung der hierzulande gangigen Modelle im internationalen Kontext zu ermoglichen. (Kommentar d. Hrsg.)
Psychological Components of Type A Behavior

Time urgency is, as I shall demonstrate in Chapter 3, the major overt type A behavior (TAB) component. It is essentially a persistent feeling the TAB person has that there is not or will not be sufficient time to accomplish the things that he or she feels should be done.
Competition and Convergence of Bank Regulation in NAFTA

This chapter considers the bank regulatory game in NAFTA and beyond. U.S. banks face a higher regulatory burden than banks in Canada, Mexico, and the European Union. Consequently, national treatment granted by the United States is not comparable to reciprocal treatment. The attraction of the U.S. banking market to foreign banks is given by the large U.S. financial market and the key role of the U.S. dollar, factors that have enhanced the bargaining power of U.S. regulators. These advantages will be eroded by the formation of the European monetary union. Regulatory harmonization in NAFTA would be enhanced if member countries were to follow the EU principle of mutual recognition of national standards. Such a principle would also speed up regulatory convergence at the global level.
Surgical Principles in the Primary Closure of Bladder Exstrophy

The functional closure of bladder exstrophy requires initial secure bladder closure followed by epispadias repair and finally bladder neck reconstruction for continence.1 Good functional and cosmetic results are best obtained with closure and follow-up performed by a team dedicated to the management of this very complex anomaly.
Informed consent for biobank-dependent research.

In biobanking human tissues, protocols acceptable to researchers, such as using tissue for undiscussed future purposes without reobtaining subjects' consent, are not always sufficient in the view of potential subjects.
A Study on Effect of Top and Bottom Metal Plates on Stress Induced Voiding of Nose Type Single Via Structure

Stress Induced Voiding of a nose type Single Via is studied. Typical nose type single via stress voiding structure has top and bottom wide metal plates originating from the pads and tapering to a narrow metal line connected by single via enabling the Kelvin type of measurements. In this paper, effect of removal of either of the top or bottom metal plates on the formation of stress induced voids at an elevated temperature is studied and results are characterized. It is found from the study that presence of bottom metal plates is vital for the void accumulation resulting in stress voiding failure.
Mindfulness and health behaviors in college students: The moderating role of sleep

Objective: To examine the moderating effects of subjective sleep quality (SSQ) and sleep duration on the relationships between mindfulness and health behaviors (i.e. nutrition and exercise) among undergraduate students. The unique influence of the five facets (i.e. factors) of mindfulness (i.e. observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonreactivity to inner experience and nonjudging of inner experience) on students' health behaviors was also explored. Participants: Three hundred fifty seven undergraduate students enrolled in U.S. colleges. Methods: Students completed an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. Results: SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. The observe facet of mindfulness was the most predictive of nutrition behavior, whereas the observe and describe facets were the most predictive of exercise behavior. Conclusions: Interventions that target mindfulness and sleep quality may help promote healthy eating and increased exercise engagement in college students.
Iceberg: dynamic analysis of Java synchronized methods for investigating runtime performance variability

Writing multi-threaded code for both correctness and performance is difficult. Often programmers strive for correctness, which may lead to an overly conservative use of synchronization primitives. Even when correct, however, synchronized regions of code (critical sections) may introduce performance variability that causes unexpected software hangs and can be considered a performance bug. These performance bugs are occasional, hard to predict, and may negatively impact the overall user experience. In this paper we present a tool called Iceberg for finding potential software hangs in Java programs. Our focus is on identifying synchronized methods with high variability in their execution time-in particular, if they occasionally run much longer than normal. The key feature of Iceberg is that it records the runtime of every individual execution of a synchronized method, looking for outliers among them, rather than aggregating the runtime the way previous profilers have done. We calibrate our tool using a suite of microbenchmarks with known variability in their critical sections and then tested it with three real world programs. Our results document several cases where our tool finds high variability that could cause real software hangs.
Economics of Making Roadway Pavements Resilient to Climate Change: Use of Discounted Cash Flow and Real Options Analysis

AbstractAn increase in the number of extreme weather events and gradual shifts in climate parameters due to a changing climate pose a serious threat to the nation’s roadway infrastructure. A system...
Mercury Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification in Great Salt Lake Ecosystems

Historic and ongoing mercury (Hg) contamination of Great Salt Lake (GSL) has resulted in concern of Hg toxicity for both humans and wildlife. Although Hg levels in GSL surface waters are below Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s aquatic life standard, anoxic waters of the deep brine layer at the bottom of the stratified south arm of GSL contain some of the highest concentrations of methylmercury ever measured for a natural water body. High Hg concentrations in muscle from three species of ducks at GSL exceeded EPA screening levels and resulted in the world’s first waterfowl consumption advisory due to Hg. Because the greatest concerns of Hg toxicity at GSL are its potential negative impacts to birds and hunters who target waterfowl, Hg research in this ecosystem has focused on birds and their common prey (brine shrimp and brine flies). Hg concentrations in brine shrimp and brine fly larvae pose a low to moderate toxicity risk for birds, but GSL has been identified as an avian Hg hotspot with Hg blood levels commonly exceeding toxicity benchmarks. Hg in waterfowl increases as they feed higher on the food chain.
Assessing, Deliberating, Responding: An Annotated Bibliography for a Post-Truth Age

The Infosphere Probe is a project geared toward re-envisioning some features of traditional annotated bibliography assignments in an attempt to empower contemporary information citizens. By challenging students to assess the information circulating in their everyday lives, the Infosphere Probe explores strategies with which contemporary classrooms might nurture and cultivate empowered information practices that appreciate lived information cultures traditionally neglected within academic discourse.
Infective endocarditis initially manifesting as pseudogout

Infective endocarditis is a commonly encountered disease in which diagnosis is often challenging due to the variety of clinical manifestations. Early identification is key due to risk of mortality without treatment. In this case, a 31-year-old man presented with pseudogout of the right ankle and COVID-19 infection. Further workup showed blood cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus, and the diagnosis of infective endocarditis was confirmed by echocardiography. Independently, pseudogout and infective endocarditis result in activation of the innate immune system and can manifest with joint inflammation. Their co-occurrence likely resulted in an augmented inflammatory response due to overlap in their pathophysiologic pathways.
Drawing the Sea Near: Satoumi and Coral Reef Conservation in Okinawa: by C. Anne Claus, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2020, 256 pp., $27 (paperback), ISBN: 9781517906627

What does socially just and inclusive conservation look like, or better yet, feel, smell, and taste like? Scholars have discussed the violence of transnational conservation practices that have disp...
Shifts in gut and vaginal microbiomes are associated with cancer recurrence time in women with ovarian cancer.

Many studies investigating the human microbiome-cancer interface have focused on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancers. Outside of human papillomavirus driving cervical cancer, little is known about the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and other gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between ovarian cancer, platinum-free interval (PFI) length, and vaginal and gut microbiomes. We observed that Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal communities were less common in women with ovarian cancer, as compared to existing datasets of similarly aged women without cancer. Primary platinum-resistance (PPR) disease is strongly associated with survivability under one year, and we found over one-third of patients with PPR (PFI 20% relative abundance), while only one platinum super-sensitive (PFI > 24 months, n = 23) patient had an Escherichia-dominated microbiome. Additionally, L. iners was associated with little, or no, gross residual disease, while other Lactobacillus species were dominant in women with >1 cm gross residual disease. In the gut microbiome, we found patients with PPR disease to have lower phylogenetic diversity than platinum-sensitive patients. The trends we observe in women with ovarian cancer and PPR disease, such as the absence of Lactobacillus and presence of Escherichia in the vaginal microbiome as well as low gut microbiome phylogenetic diversity have all been linked to other diseases and/or pro-inflammatory states, including bacterial vaginosis and autoimmune disorders. Future prospective studies are necessary to explore the translational potential and underlying mechanisms driving these associations.
Compression of the vascular wall to create a friction fit in a vascular anastomotic coupler.

Abstract A previously reported microvascular coupler was shown to effectively create vascular anastomoses, but was too large for practical clinical use. To safely reduce coupler size, certain failure modes needed to be better understood. The coupler functions, in part, by compressing the vessel wall between two concentric rings, creating a friction fit that anchors the device to the vessel. This work investigates the relationship between vessel wall compression and resulting friction fit strength to ensure reducing coupler size will not unduly increase the risk that this friction fit might fail. Vascular walls were compressed to a specified strain and the tensile force required to overcome the resulting friction was measured. Experiments were conducted with various vessel types (Porcine common carotid artery, splenic artery, and jugular vein), across a range of compressive strains (55–95%), and by using either PEEK or HDPE to compress the vessel. Tensile force was increased at a rate of 5 g/min or held constant for 24 h. For experiments with incrementally increasing force, the force at failure varied with compressive strain via a power function. At 70% compression, PEEK produced 4.6 times stronger friction fits than HDPE, and common carotid arteries and splenic arteries produced 1.8 and 1.3 times stronger fits than jugular veins respectively. For experiments where tensile force was applied for 24 h, much lower forces were required to overcome friction. These results were compared to friction fit failure in a coupler prototype and it was found that the prototypes failed at just 30% of the force required to cause vessel slip under the other test conditions. These results were used to develop a model that predicts the probability of device failure via vessel slipping (one design, smaller than previously reported, was estimated to fail at maximum in vivo axial stress once in 500 anastomoses, a potentially safe level of risk).
“Come Along and Ride on a Fantastic Voyage” 1 : My Journey Through Rap Music Lyrics

In 1982, when I was 12 years old, I cashed out my piggy bank and made my first big purchase on my own: a cassette tape by rap group Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. Little did I know this purchase would set me down a path that would change my life forever and bring me right to where I am today-writting an essay about my research on rap music, which I have conducted over the last decade. In this essay, I’ll take you on my journey, describing how my love of rap music transformed into a research agenda that involved analyzing rap lyrics as a means to examine the intersection of music, culture and social identity, particularly as it applies to rap and minority youth in disadvantaged communities.
FOUNDATIONALLY JUSTIFIED PERCEPTUAL BELIEFS AND THE PROBLEM OF THE SPECKLED HEN

Many epistemologists accept some version of the following foundationalist epistemic principle: if one has an experience as if p then one has prima facie justification that p. I argue that this principle faces a challenge that it inherits from classical foundationalism: the problem of the speckled hen. The crux of the problem is that some properties are presented in experience at a level of determinacy that outstrips our recognitional capacities. I argue for an amendment to the principle that adds to its antecedent the requirement that the subject have a recognitional capacity with respect to the given property.
Risk Assessment/Violence Prediction, Juvenile Sexual Offenders

Mental health professionals are called upon to evaluate risk in juveniles adjudicated for sexual offenses (JSOs) to inform a variety of decisions (e.g., level of care, inclusion on public registries). Evaluators conducting such evaluations face significant challenges given the limited predictive validity evidence currently available regarding measures for assessing JSOs' sexual recidivism risk. The instruments studied most frequently with the strongest evidence to date are the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II and the Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism. Evaluators may choose to use such instruments to structure their evaluations and ensure the consideration of empirically supported risk factors, but should acknowledge their limitations. Additionally, evaluators should focus on short-term risk and the ongoing development of juveniles, emphasize the low base rates of sexual recidivism and demonstrated effectiveness of treatment in this population, and identify the conditions under which risk would likely be effectively mitigated. Keywords: forensic psychology; adolescence; juvenile sex offenders; recidivism; risk assessment
Sharp, Local Synchrony Among Putative Feed-Forward Inhibitory Interneurons of Rabbit Somatosensory Cortex

Swadlow, Harvey A., Irina N. Beloozerova, and Mikhail G. Sirota. Sharp, local synchrony among putative feed-forward inhibitory interneurons of rabbit somatosensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 567–...
Resveratrol-Induced Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Growth in Vitro Is Dependent on VACM-1/CUL5 NEDD8ylation Status

Expression of the VACM-1/CUL5 gene, a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, inhibits cellular proliferation in endothelial cell lines in vitro through a mechanism involving its post-translational modification by an ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8. Factors that regulate VACM-1/CUL5 NEDD8ylation have not been investigated. We have shown that Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, enhances the antiproliferative effect of VACM-1/CUL5. In this study, we investigated the effect of Resveratrol on VACM-1/CUL5 and NEDD8 expression and localization in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) in vitro. To determine if the antiproliferative effect of Resveratrol is dependent on VACM-1/CUL5 NEDD8ylation, we used NEDD8-aldehyde (N8a), an inhibitor of de-NEDD8ylation. Our growth assay results showed that Resveratrol decreased cell growth, while N8a increased cell growth at 24 hours. Importantly, Resveratrol attenuated the proliferative stimuli of N8a (n = 4, p < 0.05). Immunocytochemistry results showe...
The relationship between sphere dominance and nonpathological behavior with a further examination of the somato-affective sphere

Studied individuals who manifested a sphere dominance of either „motoric,” „somato-affective,” or „ideational” by identifying, respectively, commensurate social role orientations of „turning against others,” „turning against the self,” and „avoidance of others.” Sixty undergraduates were seleted from a larger group of 450 via a screening device. Ss who manifested psychopathology were discarded, and smaller groups of 5 each were formed (ages ranged from 18 to 24). These groups were: motoric males, motoric females, somato-affective males, somato-affective females, ideational males and ideational females. All groups were given a Rorschach, which was scored genetically, as well as an intelligence test. The results indicate that the fifferent spheres of dominance can be observed in normal people by genetic Rorschach interpretation. Individuals who manifest the somato-affective sphere were seen as developmentally inferior to the ideational sphere, as was that of the motoric sphere. No relationship was found between intelligence and genetic scores.
Learning Effects in Cell Manufacturing

Manufacturing cells offer the promise of short lead times and lower costs. In order to fulfill that promise, both technical and human factors must be engineered properly. We report on the experience of a large automobile components manufacturing plant in its initial efforts to implement cell manufacturing. We present an alternative to classic volume-based models of manufacturing learning effects. The scrap costs experienced in six manufacturing cells over a complete model year form the test dataset for model evaluation. The new model shows a better fit to the data. Various enhancements of performance measurement and reporting systems for manufacturing in general, and cells in particular, are discussed.
Modeling the prosody of hidden events for improved word recognition.

We investigate a new approach for using speech prosody as a knowledge source for speech recognition. The idea is to penalize word hypotheses that are inconsistent with prosodic features such as duration and pitch. To model the interaction between words and prosody we modify the language model to represent hidden events such as sentence boundaries and various forms of disfluency, and combine with it decision trees that predict such events from prosodic features. N-best rescoring experiments on the Switchboard corpus show a small but consistent reduction of word error as a result of this modeling. We conclude with a preliminary analysis of the types of errors that are corrected by the prosodically informed model.
CPW phase shifter using barium strontium titanate thin film on silicon substrate

In this paper the design and development of a coplanar waveguide phase shifter on high resistivity silicon substrate is presented. This design makes use of BaSrTiO/sub 3/ thin film (50% dielectric tunability) grown on SiO/sub 2//poly-Si by RF sputtering method. A new process flow has been developed to enable full compatibility for direct integration with current CMOS technology. Other important features of this design are the bilateral interdigital structure, and the inclusion of a polysilicon layer for improved performance.
Halfway Through an Amazing Journey

As I begin my second, 5-year term in this interesting, challenging, and rewarding position, it is hard to believe that I am just beyond the halfway point in my tenure as the Editor-in-Chief of Stroke . Feedback from many sources, including our readers, contributors, and members of the various masthead groups, has been almost uniformly positive about the content and direction of Stroke , the preeminent journal in the cerebrovascular field. As all of you are aware, Stroke has added many features over the past 5 years and has increased substantially the rapidity of the review process and the appearance of accepted articles online and in print. Accomplishing these goals has required considerable efforts from our reviewers, masthead group members, and, most importantly, the Associate Editors, Vice Editor, and full-time office staff. I thank all of you for your diligence, hard work, and willingness …
A new edge detection algorithm: Fast and localizing to a single pixel

Commonly used methods of edge detection are unable to localize the edges to single pixel, and hence yield thick lines. Edge detection by Haar transform is investigated. The method can localize the edge to single pixels, and its computational complexity is lower than the Sobel operator method by a factor of more than two. The Haar transform method is as efficient as other methods for curved edges, and visibly better for straight edges. >
The Effects of Paraphrasing Interventions on Problem‐Solving Accuracy for Children at Risk for Math Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness of paraphrasing interventions on mathematics word problem-solving accuracy in third grade children (N = 72) at risk for mathematics disabilities (MD). Three instructional conditions directed students’ attention through paraphrasing, via writing, to different propositions within word problems. Students were randomly assigned to one of four intervention conditions: paraphrase question propositions (restate), paraphrase relevant propositions (relevant) and paraphrase all propositions (complete) or an untreated control. A mixed ANCOVA indicated that paraphrasing relevant and complete propositions significantly increased posttest accuracy when compared to the control and restate condition. Results from the study provide support for the effectiveness of paraphrasing interventions that directs students to restate/paraphrase propositions of mathematics word problems relative to the control condition.
Correlates of ADL difficulty in a large hemodialysis cohort.

Needing assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) is an early indicator of functional decline and has important implications for individuals’ quality of life. However, correlates of need for ADL assistance have received limited attention among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). A multi-center cohort of 742 prevalent HD patients was assessed 2009–2011 and classified as frail, pre-frail and non-frail by the Fried frailty index (recent unintentional weight loss, reported exhaustion, low grip strength, slow walk speed, low physical activity). Patients reported need for assistance with four ADL tasks and identified contributing symptoms/conditions (pain, balance, endurance, weakness, other). Nearly one in five patients needed assistance with one or more ADL. Multivariable analysis showed increased odds for needing ADL assistance among frail (odds ratio [OR], 11.35; 95% CI, 5.50–23.41; P < 0.001) and pre-frail (OR, 1.93; (95% CI, 1.01–3.68; P = 0.046) compared with non-frail patients. In addition, the odds for needing ADL assistance were lower among blacks compared with whites and were higher among patients with diabetes, lung disease, and stroke. Balance, weakness, and “other” (frequently dialysis-related) symptoms/conditions were the most frequently named reasons for ADL difficulty. In addition to interventions such as increasing physical activity that might delay or reverse the process of frailty, the immediate symptoms/conditions to which individuals attribute their ADL difficulty may have clinical relevance for developing targeted management and/or treatment approaches.
Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus.

A case of carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is presented with a review of the classic clinical endoscopic, radiologic, and histologic features. The polypoid pattern of growth of carcinosarcoma results in early obstruction. Local invasion or metastases occur late, if at all. The diagnosis of carcinosarcoma is suggested when biopsy or cytological washings of the pedunculated lesion reveals carcinoma, since pedunculated polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus is very unusual. This neoplasm, although rare, has a better prognosis than carcinoma of the esophagus. Early recognition based on the described characteristic features is emphasized.
Review of cross-cultural issues related to quality of life after spinal cord injury

Quality of life (QOL) is a dynamic concept that means different things to different people, both in the general public and within the research community. Because of this, a common definition of QOL has been hard to achieve. This article reviews cross-cultural issues related to QOL research in spinal cord injury (SCI). Many factors influence QOL for persons with SCI, including observable and objective indicators and subjective self-report ones. The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health is used in this article as a framework to better understand how these factors may influence QOL. A number of important steps are summarized with respect to measurement issues in QOL. A comparison between data from 2 countries (United States and Brazil) using the International SCI QOL Basic Data Set shows similarities in scores and good reliability in the Brazilian sample. Substantial, significant correlations were observed among the SCI QOL Basic Data Set items and the WHOQOL-BREF within the US sample. The article ends with a set of recommendations for the development of cross-cultural measures of QOL for use in the SCI population.
Single Neutral Pion Production by Pions at 1100 Mev

Well-identified events of the type pi /sup -/ + p yields p + pi /sup -/ + pi /sup O were obtained by requiring, in addition to satisfaction of kinematic criteria, that the production of the neutral pion be verified by observation of either a gamma -ray conversion electron pair or a Dalitz-decay pair associated with the interaction. In a scan of 105 Bevatron photographs 70 acceptable events were found. The kinematic behavior of the selected events did not agree with the predictions of the isobar model, but was consistent with the assumption that the events were initiated by a strong pion-pion interaction, with subsequent rescattering of pions by the nucleon. There was some indication that two T = 1 dipion states with total energies of 565 and 750 Mev were involved in the inte ractions. (auth)
MicroRNA-155 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases

MicroRNAs are short non-coding molecules expressed in different tissues and regulate the transcription of different genes. They are highly specific in their action. Upregulation or downregulation of specific microRNAs has been observed during different diseases like cancers, embryogenesis, organogenesis, apoptosis and arthritis. They are also known to be involved in autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs are also found to be stable and easy to validate. Differential expression of microRNA-155 has been studied by different groups in inflammatory diseases including arthritis along with other miRNAs. This suggests that it can be used as a potential biomarker or therapeutic in the autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental studies are needed to explore their role as biomarker or therapeutic.
The effects of interstitial content, heat treatment, and prestrain on the tensile properties of NiAl

Abstract The tensile stress-strain response of polycrystalline NiAl was studied as a function of purity and pretest treatment (annealing and/or prestrain). After annealing at 1100 K for 7200 s (i.e. 2 h) followed by furnace cooling, high-purity and nitrogen-doped alloys exhibited continuous yielding, while conventional-purity or carbon-doped alloys exhibited a distinct yield point and Luders strain. Prestrain by hydrostatic pressurization removed the yield point, but it could be reintroduced by further annealing treatments. Yield points could be reintroduced more rapidly if the specimens were prestrained uniaxially rather than hydrostatically, owing to the arrangement of dislocations into cell structures during uniaxial deformation. The time dependence of the strain aging events followed a t 2 3 relationship. In total, these results suggest that the yield points observed in polycrystalline NiAl result from the pinning of mobile dislocations by interstitials, specifically carbon, i.e. classic static strain aging.