cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Firefighters and on-duty deaths from coronary heart disease: a case control study

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is responsible for 45% of on-duty deaths among United States firefighters. We sought to identify occupational and personal risk factors associated with on-duty CHD death. We performed a case-control study, selecting 52 male firefighters whose CHD deaths were investigated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We selected two control populations: 51 male firefighters who died of on-duty trauma; and 310 male firefighters examined in 1996/1997, whose vital status and continued professional activity were re-documented in 1998. The circadian pattern of CHD deaths was associated with emergency response calls: 77% of CHD deaths and 61% of emergency dispatches occurred between noon and midnight. Compared to non-emergency duties, fire suppression (OR = 64.1, 95% CI 7.4–556); training (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 1.8–31.3) and alarm response (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.1–28.8) carried significantly higher relative risks of CHD death. Compared to the active firefighters, the CHD victims had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate regression models: age ≥ 45 years (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.6–15.9), current smoking (OR 7.0, 95% CI 2.8–17.4), hypertension (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.0–11.1), and a prior diagnosis of arterial-occlusive disease (OR 15.6, 95% CI 3.5–68.6). Our findings strongly support that most on-duty CHD fatalities are work-precipitated and occur in firefighters with underlying CHD. Improved fitness promotion, medical screening and medical management could prevent many of these premature deaths.
A reduced model of the human arterial system

In order to explain the wide variety of wave shapes and impedance patterns in humans, a reduced model of the human arterial system is proposed. As opposed to T-tube models constructed for other species, in this modified T-tube model of the human arterial tree the lower element of the T further bifurcates into two circulations, one to the splanchnic bed and the other to the lower limb. This model accurately reproduced experimental findings and can be used to obtain realistic impedance patterns and possible stroke volumes from measurements of arterial pressure waveforms along the tree.
On the status of low back vowels in Kentucky English: More evidence of merger

In an effort to provide greater understanding of the mechanisms of the diffusion of the low back vowel merger in American English, this study presents a detailed acoustic analysis of low back vowel systems in the speech of 114 native nonurban Kentucky speakers of English. The study reveals unexpected instances of merger in areas of the state that cannot be explained by current theories of merger. In this respect, it argues that these instances of low back vowel merger, while they may be an expansion of an existing merger, result from a distinct mechanism of merger, that is, merger by glide loss. It is predicted that as elements of traditional Southern phonology recede, similar merger will be widespread across the South.This research has been supported by grants from the Kentucky NSF EPSCoR Research Enhancement Grant Program and the Institute for Regional Analysis and Public Policy at Morehead State University. An earlier version of this work was presented at the South Atlantic American Dialect Society session at SECOL 72.
Levels-of-processing effect on internal source monitoring in schizophrenia

Background Recognition can be normalized in schizophrenia by providing patients with semantic organizational strategies through a levels-of-processing (LOP) framework. However, patients may rely primarily on familiarity effects, making recognition less sensitive than source monitoring to the strength of the episodic memory trace. The current study investigates whether providing semantic organizational strategies can also normalize patients’ internal source-monitoring performance.
Hypothesized evolutionary trends in zoospore ultrastructural characters in Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota)

Chytridiales is an order of zoosporic fungi currently comprising species representing 19 genera. Although morphologically and genetically diverse, these taxa have in common a zoospore with a suite of ultrastructural characters unique among Chytridiomycota. However, multiple states have been reported for almost every character that defines the Chytridiales zoospore. Two zoospore types have been recognized, each corresponding to a family. Here we examine zoospore ultrastructure of 52 isolates in Chytridiales and assess states for six characters to hypothesize evolutionary trends, using parsimony ancestral state reconstruction for evolutionary analysis. Based on suites of character states, we describe four additional zoospore types in Chytridiales. Five of the six characters ([i] location of the nucleus, [ii] morphology of the kinetosome-associated structure, [iii] complexity of the microtubular root, [iv] microbody-lipid globule complex cisterna structure and [v] thickness of the flagellar plug) revealed ancestral and derived states. The sixth character, structure of the paracrystalline inclusion, did not resolve ancestral and derived states. In each of the lineages within Chytridiales, the evolutionary trend appears to have been from a more complex zoospore to a less complex zoospore with reduced features. As we isolate and analyze additional taxa, we discover new ultrastructural character states that assist in taxon delineation and phylogenetic interpretation.
On homogenization of activated laminates in 1D-space and time†

In this paper, I discuss observations indicating that homogenization, in its standard version based on weak compactness, generally does not work for dynamic materials with arbitrary material geometry. A remarkable exception is represented by the spatial-temporal laminates where such compactness can be established. For the slow (timelike) laminates, this was done in [18] with the use of energy bound. In the present work, a similar result is established for the fast (spacelike) laminates, this time with the use of momentum flux bound.
Multiple-antennas and isotropically random unitary inputs: the received signal density in closed form

An important open problem in multiple-antenna communications theory is to compute the capacity of a wireless link subject to flat Rayleigh block-fading, with no channel-state information (CSI) available either to the transmitter or to the receiver. The isotropically random (i.r.) unitary matrix-having orthonormal columns, and a probability density that is invariant to premultiplication by an independent unitary matrix-plays a central role in the calculation of capacity and in some special cases happens to be capacity-achieving. We take an important step toward computing this capacity by obtaining, in closed form, the probability density of the received signal when transmitting i.r. unitary matrices. The technique is based on analytically computing the expectation of an exponential quadratic function of an i.r. unitary matrix and makes use of a Fourier integral representation of the constituent Dirac delta functions in the underlying density. Our formula for the received signal density enables us to evaluate the mutual information for any case of interest, something that could previously only be done for single transmit and receive antennas. Numerical results show that at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the mutual information is maximized for M=min(N, T/2) transmit antennas, where N is the number of receive antennas and T is the length of the coherence interval, whereas at low SNR, the mutual information is maximized by allocating all transmit power to a single antenna.
What is the relationship between the global structures of apo and holo proteins

It is well known that ligand binding and release may induce a wide range of structural changes in a receptor protein, varying from small movements of loops or side chains in the binding pocket to large-scale domain hinge-bending and shear motions or even partial unfolding that facilitates the capture and release of a ligand. An interesting question is what in general are the conformational changes triggered by ligand binding? The aim of this work is analyze the magnitude of structural changes in a protein resulting from ligand binding to assess if the state of ligand binding needs to be included in template-based protein structure prediction algorithms. To address this issue, a nonredundant dataset of 521 paired protein structures in the ligand-free and ligand-bound form was created and used to estimate the degree of both local and global structure similarity between the apo and holo forms. In most cases, the proteins undergo relatively small conformational rearrangements of their tertiary structure upon ligand binding/release (most root-mean-square-deviations from native, RMSD, are <1 A). However, a clear difference was observed between single- and multiple-domain proteins. For the latter, RMSD changes greater than 1 A and sometimes larger were found for almost 1/3 of the cases; these are mainly associated with large-scale hinge-bending movements of entire domains. The changes in the mutual orientation of individual domains in multiple-domain proteins upon ligand binding were investigated using a mechanistic model based on mass-weighted principal axes as well as interface buried surface calculations. Some preferences toward the anticipated mechanism of protein domain movements are predictable based on the examination of just the ligand-free structural form. These results have applications to protein structure prediction, particularly in the context of protein domain assembly, if additional information concerning ligand binding is exploited.
Selective stabilization of triplex DNA by anthraquinone sulfonamide derivatives.

A series of cationic anthraquinone derivatives was investigated for their ability to stabilize duplex and triplex DNA. Thermal denaturation experiments demonstrate that each of these compounds stabilizes the [poly(dT)·poly(dA)×poly(dT)] triplex without significantly affecting the [poly(dT)·poly(dA)] duplex. The amount of stabilization is determined by the number and placement of the cationic substituents on the anthraquinone skeleton. The stabilization arises primarily from higher affinity binding of the quinones to the triplex relative to the duplex structures. Phosphorescence quenching and viscometric titrations indicate that the quinones bind to the triplex by intercalation.
Overtraining and Staleness: The Importance of Psychological Monitoring

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the overtraining and staleness literature and to highlight the contributions and influence of William P. Morgan in this area of study. Nearly two decades ago, Morgan and colleagues published their seminal paper on the psychological monitoring of athletes during overtraining. Prior to this point, much of the research focused on physiological variables associated with overtraining and staleness. However, Morgan's research provided evidence of a dose-response relationship between training volume and psychological variables (e.g., mood states), and that psychological monitoring may be useful in preventing staleness. A rationale is provided for Morgan's use of the terms overtraining and staleness, and his studies on the prevalence and incidence of staleness still remain as some of the few studies to examine this issue. The systematic research efforts of William P. Morgan and the researchers he has trained continue to have an impact on the fiel...
Susceptibility of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae and Adults to Four Insecticides

Dosage-mortality regressions were determined for black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), larvae fed cyromazine or pyriproxifen treated media. Cyromazine LC50s for larvae dying before becoming prepupae ranged from 0.25 to 0.28 ppm with dosage-mortality regression slopes between 5.79 and 12.04. Cyromazine LC50s for larvae dying before emergence ranged from 0.13 to 0.19 ppm with dosage-mortality regression slopes between 3.94 and 7.69. Pyriproxifen dosage-mortality regressions were not generated for larvae failing to become prepupae since <32% mortality was recorded at the highest concentration of 1,857 ppm. LC50s for larvae failing to become adults ranged from 0.10 to 0.12 ppm with dosage mortality-regression slopes between 1.67 and 2.32. Lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin dosage-mortality regressions were determined for wild adult black soldier flies and house flies, Musca domestica L., and for susceptible house flies. Our results indicate that the wild house fly, unlike the black soldier fly, population was highly resistant to each of these pyrethroids. Regression slopes for black soldier flies exposed to λ-cyhalothrin were twice as steep as those determined for the wild house fly strain. Accordingly, LC50s for the black soldier fly and susceptible house fly were 10- to 30-fold lower than those determined for wild house flies. The differential sensitivity between wild black soldier flies and house flies might be due to behavioral differences. Adult house flies usually remain in animal facilities with the possibility of every adult receiving pesticide exposure, while black soldier fly adults are typically present only during emergence and oviposition thereby limiting their exposure.
A Cross of Iron: Semiwar: The Korean War and Rearmament

The military buildup that accompanied the Korean War took place in a highly charged political environment. Although Democrats had sat in the Oval Office since 1933 and had controlled Congress during all but two of the intervening years, a conservative coalition had also taken shape and had worked since the late 1930s to forestall liberal legislation on Capitol Hill. Despite a Democratic party resurgence in the election of 1948, and Truman's surprising defeat of the Republican challenger, Congress was increasingly deadlocked on domestic issues and the political climate had become more poisonous than ever. The most toxic element in that poison was McCarthyism, named after Senator Joseph R. McCarthy of Wisconsin, a Republican conservative who made his reputation hunting Communist sympathizers in the federal government. McCarthy's brand of witch–hunting had been the stock–intrade of the Republican right wing since the last years of the New Deal. It had played a prominent part in the Republican party campaigns of 1946 and 1948, and had surfaced again in the violent political battles that culminated in the elections of 1950. One of those battles had involved the so–called McCarran Act, which required Communists to register with the attorney general and authorized the emergency detention of possible spies and saboteurs.
Spherically symmetric monopoles

The task of finding all spherically symmetric three-dimensional point monopoles in a gauge theory with arbitrary compact semisimple group is completely formulated in an Abelian gauge, where the problem is purely group-theoretical. The form of the gauge transformation to the spherically symmetric gauge is explicitly given in the general case. For $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ groups this result is reduced to a simple diagrammatic method which yields all such point monopoles by inspection. Also for $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ groups, a technique is given for efficient construction of the radial differential equations satisfied by the corresponding finite-energy solutions.
Electrophysiology of Epileptic Tissue: What Pathologies are Epileptogenic?

What defines the abnormality of epileptic tissue? What constitutes an epileptic focus? Experimental studies have been carried out for many years to try and answer these questins, and a large number of alterations have been proposed as basic to generation of epileptiform activity (Jasper et al., 1969; Lockard and Ward, 1980; Schwartzkroin and Wheal, 1984; DelgadoEscueta et al., 1986). Yet, our real information about the abnormalities intrinsic to the epileptic condition remains limited. In studying potential causes of abnormal cell electrical activity, we have become familiar with many of the normal properties of neocortical and hippocampal neurons, but have not been able to define the essential nature of the epileptic defect. Morphological, pharmacological, biochemical, and electrophysiological features have been suggested which could be involved in generation of epileptiform activity (Westrum et al., 1964; Heinemann et al., 1977; Woodbury and Kemp, 1977; French and Siggins, 1980; Schwartzkroin and Wyler, 1980; Lux and Heinemann, 1982; Ribak et al., 1982;. Dudek et al., 1983; Grisar et al., 1983; Scheibel et al., 1983; Schwartzkroin, 1983; DeLorenzo, 1984; Johnston and Brown, 1984; Somjen, 1984). For most of these, it remains unclear whether the abnormality is present before, and is responsible for, the development of epileptiform activity, or whether these abnormalities are produced as a result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is this issue of defining causal, rather than correlative features of epileptogenesis that has been so difficult in epilepsy research. The drive for such causality has led to the establishment of a host of animal model systems.
Archimedes' Cattle Problem

(1998). Archimedes' Cattle Problem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 305-319.
Infliximab decreases resource use among patients with Crohn's disease.

AbstractGoalsSurgery accounts for one half, and hospitalizations for one third, of overall costs for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Infliximab induces remission and heals fistulas in CD but is more costly than traditional therapies. Its impact upon resource use in CD is unknown.StudyThe medical
Rational Screening Approach for Classical Chiral Resolution under Thermodynamic Equilibrium: A Case Study of Diphenyl-Substituted N-Methyl-Piperazine

Separation of racemic mixtures by the formation and crystallization of diastereomeric salts (classical resolution) is an important process in the pharmaceutical industry. We have developed and implemented a high-throughput screening workflow to effectively guide the development and optimization of a thermodynamically favored resolution process. A case study is presented for optical resolution of a diphenyl-substituted N-methyl-piperazine derivative, a racemic compound with a eutectic point of 60% ee. Through a rational screening approach, the effect of equilibrium solubility on resolution efficiency was systematically evaluated with regards to resolving agent, solvent composition, resolving agent stoichiometry, and racemate concentration. An isothermal solubility phase diagram was obtained, and solid-state characterization was performed on the diastereomeric salts to understand their phase behaviors under the optimal resolution conditions. The highest resolution efficiency was achieved when the diastereom...
The influence of ascorbic acid on anaphylaxis in guinea pigs.

Schwarz and Cisloghi1 in 1935 reported that the development of anaphylactic shock in actively sensitized guinea pigs could not be prevented by the simultaneous administration of vitamin C with the shocking antigen. Hochwald2 on the contrary, was able to inhibit the anaphylactic syndrome in a high percentage of guinea pigs similarly treated. He reported also that the administration of ascorbic acid prior to the injection of the shocking dose of antigen completely failed to protect sensitized animals. Lemke3 extended this work further and claimed that a single parenteral injection of vitamin C 30 minutes before either the sensitizing or shocking dose of foreign protein suppressed the development of hypersensitivity and shock. The daily administration of ascorbic acid to actively sensitized guinea pigs protected the animals against shocking doses of antigen several times larger than those uniformly fatal to the controls. Solomonica4 has recently reported that the daily parenteral administration of sodium ascorbate (Cebione, Merck) in 1, 5 or 10 mg. doses for three weeks prior to the sensitizing injection and during also the 3 following weeks, completely protects guinea pigs from a certainly fatal shocking dose of antigen. A high incidence of protection was also afforded animals given Cebione during only the 3 week presensitization period. Irregular results followed the daily injection of sodium ascorbate during the sensitization period; the same was true when the vitamin was given as a single injection either shortly before or mixed with the shocking dose. Von Niekirk5 found that absolutely no protection was conferred upon actively sensitized guinea pigs regardless of whether the sodium ascorbate was administered daily prior to and during the sensitizing period, or shortly before, or mixed with the shocking dose of antigen. Hochwald and Schwarz6 reported that contrary to Hochwald' s2 previous finding, the administration of ascorbic acid failed to protect actively sensitized guinea pigs. These workers also studied the effect of vitamin C on specific precipitin formation in the same animals, and failed to find any significant differences between the titers in control and vitamin treated groups of guinea pigs. This is somewhat un-
What Do I Need to Succeed? Perception of Motivation and Its Role in the Reintegration Process

Internal motivations to abstain from future drug use and to refrain from further criminal activity are major components in changing individual behavior (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Prochaska & Diclemente, 1985), and in particular when changing drug-addictive behavior. According to Ryan (1995), lack of motivation is one of the most frequently cited reasons for relapse and negative treatment outcomes. Prior studies have explored the role of intrinsic motivation to abstain from further drug use on treatment outcomes (Maisto, Carey, & Bradizza, 1999) and its impact on future criminal involvement. Nevertheless, few studies have examined such impact on outcomes for clients participating in a drug treatment program under a seamless treatment rationale (supervision with treatment, Taxman, 1998). In this chapter we will elaborate and expand on current understanding of the importance of motivation on treatment retention and successful rehabilitation, using the perceptions of inmates participating in a prison-based therapeutic community. However, such perceptions may also be held by other (non-incarcerated) substance abusers. Specifically, the current chapter examines perceptions of the importance of motivation to the rehabilitation and reintegration process.
The english juvenile detention centre: A lesson for the U.S.A.?

It is important when contemplating change in the criminal justice system to survey and build upon experience both at home and overseas. In this age of increasing concern with the criminal activity of our youth it has become fashionable in some quarters to adopt a tougher attitude toward delinquent youth. This is manifested by a desire to hold juveniles directly responsible for criminal behavior and to subject them to more punitive sentencing dispositions. In this political climate it might be wise to examine the history of the English juvenile Detention Centre, with its emphasis upon providing a “short, sharp shock” for juveniles who are sent there.
Prolonged QT Syndrome Presenting as Epilepsy

Two patients, ages 19 and 12 years, and a review of 8 previous cases of prolonged QT syndrome presenting as epilepsy are reported from the Department of Neurology and Hospital for Joint Diseases Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York.
Complementing genomics and transcriptomics: Phosphoproteomics illuminates systems biology in prostate cancer

Integration of phosphoproteomics with traditional genomics and transcriptomics provides a more comprehensive overview of the signaling networks in advanced prostate cancer for immediate preclinical and future clinical use. Our recent publication introduces computational approaches for integrating the phosphoproteome, specifically with the intent of identifying important kinase signaling networks in advanced-stage prostate cancer.
Censor Morum? The 17th Amendment, Religious Diversity, and Ideological Extremism in the Senate

The Madisonian formulation suggests that (religious) pluralism is linked to moderate representation when filtered through republican selection. We leverage the quasi-experiment afforded by the ratification of the 17th Amendment to explore whether religious diversity shapes how senators vote. The shift from indirect to direct elections, coupled with roll-call and religious Census data, allows us to test hypotheses derived from differing conceptions of pluralism and the literature on constituency effects in Congress. We find that religious diversity is linked to ideological moderation, but that link weakens considerably in the immediate aftermath of the amendment’s passage.
General spatial distortion correction method for solid-state position sensitive detectors in PET

Solid-state position sensitive detectors such as position sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPD) and position sensitive solid-state photomultipliers (PS-SSPM) are attractive for use in high resolution PET. The position-sensitive design scheme allows the resolution of small crystal elements. It significantly reduces the number of costly preamplifiers and analogue-to-digital converters, and the complexity of interconnection design compared to pixel based array detectors. However, “pin-cushion” distortions are found in the corner of flood histograms generated by Anger logic, which make automatic peak segmentation difficult. Thus, an accurate crystal segmentation algorithm is highly desired. Alternative calculation formulae have been proposed to reduce the “pin-cushion” distortions but they are only effective for certain PSDs. In this paper, we propose a new set of calculation formulae to produce less distorted flood histograms and larger peak separations in the corner. Our hypothesis is that reduced distortions will facilitate crystal segmentation algorithms. This reduced pin-cushion will manifest itself through an increased separation between peaks in the corner of the flood histogram. Our formulae still rely on simple arithmetic of four corner signals with introduction of two parameters which can be easily adjusted for different PSDs. Our formulae have been applied to both clean and noisy flood measurement data from two PSAPDs as well as an dataset from a PS-SSPM. The angles of the lines connecting adjacent peaks in the horizontal and vertical direction are more than 75 degrees from our method, compared to 30–40 degrees from Anger logic in the corner of the flood histograms. The orthogonality of these two lines directly links to distortion reduction. Our formulae give more than 100% increase in peak separations in corners for all data and 20% increase in figure of merit in corners for noisy data. In the future, it will be tested with segmentation algorithms.
Variational Methods for Biomolecular Modeling

Structure, function and dynamics of many biomolecular systems can be characterized by the energetic variational principle and the corresponding systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). This principle allows us to focus on the identification of essential energetic components, the optimal parametrization of energies, and the efficient computational implementation of energy variation or minimization. Given the fact that complex biomolecular systems are structurally non-uniform and their interactions occur through contact interfaces, their free energies are associated with various interfaces as well, such as solute-solvent interface, molecular binding interface, lipid domain interface, and membrane surfaces. This fact motivates the inclusion of interface geometry, particular its curvatures, to the parametrization of free energies. Applications of such interface geometry based energetic variational principles are illustrated through three concrete topics: the multiscale modeling of biomolecular electrostatics and solvation that includes the curvature energy of the molecular surface, the formation of microdomains on lipid membrane due to the geometric and molecular mechanics at the lipid interface, and the mean curvature driven protein localization on membrane surfaces. By further implicitly representing the interface using a phase field function over the entire domain, one can simulate the dynamics of the interface and the corresponding energy variation by evolving the phase field function, achieving significant reduction of the number of degrees of freedom and computational complexity. Strategies for improving the efficiency of computational implementations and for extending applications to coarse-graining or multiscale molecular simulations are outlined.
The Spectrum of Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

It has long been recognized that ventricular tachyarrhythmias generally connote a much worse prognosis compared to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. This is because ventricular tachyarrhythmias often occur in patients with structural heart disease such as atherosclerotic coronary heart disease with prior myocardial infarction and primary or secondary cardiomyopathy (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, sarcoidosis, Chagas’ disease, right ventricular dysplasia, etc.) [1]. However, ventricular tachyarrhythmias can also occur in patients without clinical evidence of structural heart disease as a “primary, “idiopathic” or “functional” entity [2–4].
Impact of intensive lifestyle and metformin therapy on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the diabetes prevention program.

Objective The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated the ability to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Participants with IGT are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a marked increase in the number and severity of CVD risk factors. We prospectively assessed the impact of our interventions on hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CVD events. Research design and methods The study group consisted of 3,234 individuals with IGT randomly assigned to receive intensive lifestyle intervention, metformin, or placebo. Annual assessment of blood pressure, lipids, electrocardiogram, and CVD events was undertaken. Results Hypertension was present in 30% of participants at study entry and then increased in the placebo and metformin groups, although it significantly decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention. Triglyceride levels fell in all treatment groups, but fell significantly more with intensive lifestyle intervention. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were similar among treatment groups. Intensive lifestyle intervention significantly increased the HDL cholesterol level and reduced the cumulative incidence of the proatherogenic LDL phenotype B. At 3 years of follow-up, the use for pharmacologic therapy to achieve established goals in the intensive lifestyle group was 27-28% less for hypertension and 25% less for hyperlipidemia compared with placebo and metformin groups. Over an average of 3 years, 89 CVD events from 64 participants were positively adjudicated studywide, with no differences among treatment groups. Conclusions Lifestyle intervention improves CVD risk factor status compared with placebo and metformin therapy. Although no differences in CVD events were noted after 3 years, achieved risk factor modifications suggest that longer intervention may reduce CVD event rates.
Microstructure and its relationship with quality and storage stability of extruded products

Abstract Industrial applications of extrusion have originally emerged from the need to process various polymeric materials. Food extrusion processing along with the reported product quality and microstructure, on the other hand, is fairly new. In addition, food extrusion inclines to be more segmented and application oriented. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary, for which the comprehensive estimate of the process performances is not yet available. Due to a great interest in visualizing the various aspects of structure via such techniques as light microscopy, confocal light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and computed tomography, it is now possible to probe into the process of food extrusion in more detail. The purpose of this chapter is to provide extensive microstructural information postextrusion processing on starch- and protein-based feed. The chapter has been inspired both by existing applications of extrusion technology and by emerging visualization techniques. The objective of this effort is to bridge the space between long-term experience in extrusion and the science of extrusion, in order to create a link between the world of extrusion practitioners and that of imaging engineers in the field of food engineering. For this purpose, the generic extrusion process idea has been applied in order to represent and converse the extrusion processing culture and to shape the structure of the chapter content.
Composite-pulse and partially dipolar dephased multiCP for improved quantitative solid-state 13 C NMR

Abstract Improved multiple cross polarization (multiCP) pulse sequences for quickly acquiring quantitative 13C NMR spectra of organic solids are presented. Loss of 13C magnetization due to imperfect read-out and storage pulses in multiCP has been identified as a significant mechanism limiting polarization enhancement for 13C sites with weak couplings to 1H. This problem can be greatly reduced by composite 90° pulses with non-orthogonal phases that flip the magnetization onto the spin-lock field and back to the longitudinal direction for the 1H repolarization period; the observed loss is
Open Oncology Notes: A Qualitative Study of Oncology Patients' Experiences Reading Their Cancer Care Notes.

Purpose:Electronic medical records increasingly allow patients access to clinician notes. Although most believe that open notes benefits patients, some suggest negative consequences. Little is known about the experiences of patients with cancer reading their medical notes; thus we aimed to describe this qualitatively.Methods:We interviewed 20 adults with metastatic or incurable cancer receiving cancer treatment. The semistructured qualitative interviews included four segments: assessing their overall experience reading notes, discussing how notes affected their cancer care experiences, reading a real note with the interviewer, and making suggestions for improvement. We used a constant comparison approach to analyze these qualitative data.Results:We found four themes. Patients reported that notes resulted in the following: (1) increased comprehension; (2) ameliorated uncertainty, relieved anxiety, and facilitated control; (3) increased trust; and (4) for a subset of patients, increased anxiety. Patients de...
Steady-state analysis of PWM tapped-inductor buck DC-DC converter in CCM

This paper presents the steady-state analysis of a pulse-width modulated tapped-inductor buck dc-dc converter operating in continuous-conduction mode. The steady-state waveforms are presented. The steady-state voltage gain is derived. The minimum inductance required for converter operation in CCM is derived. The expressions for the power losses in each converter component and hence, the overall efficiency of the converter are determined. The expression to estimate the filter capacitance is presented. A design example of the tapped-inductor buck converter with supply voltage 12 V, output voltage 5 V, and output power 10 W is given. Simulation results are provided to verify the correctness of the theoretical predictions.
High-Risk Pregnancy

Any unexpected or unanticipated medical or obstetric condition associated with a pregnancy with an actual or potential hazard to the health or well-being of the mother or fetus is considered a high-risk pregnancy. There is no exact definition of risk in pregnancy, as risk may be perceived in different ways by the woman and her health care provider. Women with complicated pregnancies may require lifestyle changes, medication regimens, technical support, and even hospitalization. Nurses can foster an environment of security and trust during preconception, antenatal, intrapartal, and postnatal care to enhance the health and well-being of mother and fetus.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Osteomyelitis of the Skull.

Background Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common herpesvirus infection that can result in acute varicella/chickenpox, as well as delayed activation in herpes zoster/shingles. Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is a rare presentation of VZV reactivation, involving 1% of cases and resulting in lesion formation along the seventh cranial nerve distribution. We report the first case of a patient who presented with acute calvarial osteomyelitis after VZV reactivation and Propionibacterium acnes suprainfection. Clinical Presentation A 41-year-old man with a history of VZV presented with a 6-month history of chest pain, flulike symptoms, and left-sided headaches. Several concomitant external calvarial lesions were identified, and imaging was concerning for an infectious or neoplastic etiology. The patient underwent surgical debridement, and pathologic samples identified coinfection with P. acnes and VZV. Antibacterial and antiviral therapy resulted in a good outcome. Conclusion Osteomyelitis resulting as a complication of VZV infection is rare, particularly in the calvaria. This is the first reported case of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome−type VZV infection being complicated by osteomyelitis of the calvaria. Our case also demonstrates the diagnosis of VZV osteomyelitis through the use of current pathologic methods.
Nuclear Nomads: Finding a New Island.

This qualitative study describes a small community of people in Hawai’i who were affiliated with Enewetak, an atoll exposed to nuclear testing by the United States after World War II. Pattern match...
Synthesizing broadband propagation-invariant space-time wave packets using transmissive phase plates.

Space-time wave packets are a class of pulsed optical beams that are diffraction-free and dispersion-free in free space by virtue of introducing a tight correlation between the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom of the field. Such wave packets have been recently synthesized in a novel configuration that makes use of a spatial light modulator to realize the required spatio-temporal correlations. This arrangement combines pulse-modulation and beam-shaping to assign one spatial frequency to each wavelength according to a prescribed correlation function. Relying on a spatial light modulator results in several limitations by virtue of their pixelation, small area, and low energy-handling capability. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of space-time wave packets with one spatial dimension kept uniform – that is, light sheets – using transparent transmissive phase plates produced by a gray-scale lithography process. We confirm the diffraction-free behavior of wave packets having a bandwidth of 0.25 nm (filtered from a typical femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser) and 30 nm (a multi-terawatt femtosecond laser). This work paves the way for developing versatile high-energy light bullets for applications in nonlinear optics and laser machining.
The Human Relations Myth Unveiled

This chapter examines the origins of the human relations myth, the effect it has had on the evolution of work teams, and the distortions and misconceptions about selfmanagement that have resulted. While the human relations ideology has had an enormous effect on the management theory and practice for the last seventy years, most popularized accounts fail to show how the famous Hawthorne studies were really a quest for improving managerial control over workers. In this chapter, the famous relay test room experiments are deconstructed, revealing how these early experiments increased managerial control under the facade of humane supervision. Human relations approaches to work teams often inhibit a real transformation to democratic self-management. Many current misconceptions and distortions of selfmanagement, rooted in fallacies and myths propagated by the human relations movement, are also discussed.
Lipoprotein lipase: new roles for an 'old' enzyme.

Purpose of review Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) is well known for its lipolytic action in blood lipoprotein triglyceride catabolism. This article summarizes the recent mechanistic and molecular studies on elucidating the 'unconventional' roles of LpL in mediating biological events related to immune cell response and lipid transport in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tissue degenerative disorders. Recent findings Several approaches to inactivate the inhibitors that block LpL enzymatic activity have reestablished the importance of systemic LpL activity in reducing CVD risk. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that focal arterial expression of LpL relates to aortic macrophage levels and inflammatory processes. In the hematopoietic origin, LpL also plays a role in modulating hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and circulating blood cell levels and phenotypes. Finally, building upon the strong genetic evidence on the association with assorted brain disorders, a new era in exploring the mechanistic insights into the functions and activity of LpL in brain that impacts central nerve systems has begun. Summary A better understanding of the molecular action of LpL will help to devise novel strategies for intervention of a number of diseases, including blood cell or metabolic disorders, as well to inhibit pathways related to CVD and tissue degenerative processes.
Too (Psychologically) Close for Comfort? Comparing Verbal Immediacy among Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) and Non-ACOAs.

Background: Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) have shown poorer psychosocial outcomes compared to their counterparts (non-ACOAs). These poorer outcomes, however, are not consistently present bet...
Planning-Phase Estimation of Construction Time for a Large Portfolio of Highway Projects

AbstractEstimation of highway project construction time prior to design development has received comparatively little focus from researchers. State transportation agencies (STAs) and their manageme...
Abstract 346: Manipulating P2Y2 Receptor Biased Signaling to Limit Pro-thrombotic Gene Expression in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

Recently we reported that in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) regulates the pro-thrombotic gene tissue factor (TF) expression through positive a...
Driver licensing, motor-vehicle crashes, and moving violations among older adults

Abstract Introduction Driving is important for well-being among older adults, but age-related conditions are associated with driving reduction or cessation and increased crash risk for older drivers. Our objectives were to describe population-based rates of older drivers’ licensing and per-driver rates of crashes and moving violations. Methods: We examined individual-level statewide driver licensing, crash, and traffic citation data among all New Jersey drivers aged ≥ 65 and a 35- to 54-year-old comparison group during 2010–2014. Rate ratios (RR) of crashes and moving violations were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Overall, 86% of males and 71% of females aged ≥ 65 held a valid driver’s license. Older drivers had 27% lower per-driver crash rates than middle-aged drivers (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.74)—with appreciable differences by sex—but 40% higher fatal crash rates (RR: 1.40 [1.24, 1.58]). Moving violation rates among older drivers were 72% lower than middle-aged drivers (RR: 0.28 [0.28, 0.28]). Conclusion: The majority of older adults are licensed, with substantial variation by age and sex. Older drivers have higher rates of fatal crashes but lower rates of moving violations compared with middle-aged drivers. Practical applications: Future research is needed to understand the extent to which older adults drive and to identify opportunities to further reduce risk of crashes and resultant injuries among older adults.
Using Narrative Game Design to Increase Children's Physical Activity: Exploratory Thematic Analysis.

Background: Physical activity is crucial for child obesity prevention and intervention. Narratives embedded in active games can increase children’s physical activity. Objective: Little is known about the narrative characteristics that would motivate children to exercise. We attempted to fill the gaps in understanding regarding narrative design for active video games. Methods: In this exploratory study, four animated narratives of different genres were professionally generated. Children (N=41) between the ages of 8 and 12 years were interviewed to identify their preferences. Sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using exploratory thematic analysis. Results: Findings revealed that the children rated the dystopian science fiction story as their favorite across all weight, race, and gender groups. The physical activity-friendly narrative strategies included virtuous characters, extraordinary character actions, interesting plots, super powers, and engaging cliffhangers. Alternatively, information not related to physical activity, difficult-to-follow plot lines, passive protagonists, and repetitive narrative tropes were less appealing for physical activity. Conclusions: This research provides preliminary evidence that narratives have characteristics that may increase child physical activity when playing active games. Future empirical studies should verify and test these design principles.
Surgical Aspects of Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain in children is one of the commonest clinical presentations to the primary physician (general practitioner or paediatrician). This chapter outlines the salient features in the history and examination that would help to differentiate between the different common causes of abdominal pain. Also discussed are the common causes of abdominal pain for different age groups and the key differentiating features for some common conditions. Potential ‘red flags’ that could be pointers to specific problems are highlighted as a quick and easy guide to managing children with abdominal pain.
Rapport Building with Social Robots as a Method for Improving Mission Debriefing in Human-Robot Teams

Conflicts may arise at any time during military debriefing meetings, especially in high intensity deployed settings. When such conflicts arise, it takes time to get everyone back into a receptive state of mind so that they engage in reflective discussion rather than unproductive arguing. It has been proposed by some that the use of social robots equipped with social abilities such as emotion regulation through rapport building may help to deescalate these situations to facilitate critical operational decisions. However, in military settings, the same AI agent used in the pre-brief of a mission may not be the same one used in the debrief. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a brief rapport-building session with a social robot could create a connection between a human and a robot agent, and whether consistency in the embodiment of the robot agent was necessary for maintaining this connection once formed. We report the results of a pilot study conducted at the United States Air Force Academy which simulated a military mission (i.e., Gravity and Strike). Participants’ connection with the agent, sense of trust, and overall likeability revealed that early rapport building can be beneficial for military missions.