cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and follow-up of acquired uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity.

Objective To describe the role of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and subsequent follow-up of uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV). Uterine EMV, previously known as arteriovenous malformation (AVM), is a rare but cannot-miss finding often associated with prior pregnancy or uterine surgery and is typically suspected when a vascular mass is found on ultrasound. Color Doppler imaging will demonstrate high-velocity, low-impedance flow, with more significant shunts demonstrating higher peak systolic velocity (PSV). If not already diagnosed by ultrasound, accurate recognition during hysteroscopy is mandatory prior to any uterine instrumentation, as biopsy or curettage can lead to unanticipated massive hemorrhage. While many cases of EMV may resolve spontaneously, actively bleeding patients may require treatment with embolization, a procedure that may decrease ovarian reserve and impair fertility, though favorable reproductive outcomes have been reported. Others have reported success with hysteroscopic management using a bipolar electrosurgical loop. Design Case report. Setting Academic hospital system. Patient(s) We describe a 22-year-old G2P1011 who presented to the emergency department with heavy vaginal bleeding and a negative urine human chorionic gonadotropin 9 weeks following a first-trimester termination of pregnancy. Her ultrasound demonstrated a heterogeneous 2.6×2.3×2.6 cm vascular mass in the endometrial canal that was initially interpreted as retained products of conception. Unfortunately, PSV in the lesion was not measured. During observation, bleeding continued, and her hemoglobin dropped from 8.3 g/dL to 6.9 g/dL the next morning. She was transfused 2 units of blood and taken to the operating room for hysteroscopic evaluation and possible uterine curettage. Intervention(s) Hysteroscopy revealed a large pulsating 2cm bluish vascular mass that was recognized as a uterine EMV and the procedure was terminated with the plan for embolization. Given fertility concerns, the diagnosis was confirmed with MRI/MRA, which identified a 2.7cm mass-like process with early post-contrast enhancement in the arterial phase. An angiogram demonstrated bilaterally enlarged tortuous uterine arteries perfusing a hypervascular EMV that was treated with selective bilateral uterine artery embolization. Main Outcome Measure(s) Further bleeding or evidence of EMV. Result(s) Follow-up office hysteroscopy at 2 weeks demonstrated a 2 cm raised area of tissue without pulsations. At 6 weeks post-procedure, bleeding had ceased, and office hysteroscopy revealed only a small 0.5 cm calcified nodule with a circumferential pseudo-decidual reaction. Conclusion(s) Hysteroscopy may be used to diagnose EMV when ultrasound is not conclusive. Recognition of the pulsating vascular appearance of EMV on hysteroscopy is critical in preventing hemorrhage from inappropriate curettage. Resolution of the lesion following embolization can be readily demonstrated with office hysteroscopy.
Nipping Blackouts in the Bud: Introducing a Novel Cascading Failure Network

Cascading blackouts are the oldest major unsolved technical problem in power system engineering, highly visible since the Northeast Blackout of 1965 in North America. In this article, we review some cascading blackouts and past work on the problem. New metrics measure network stress to identify and reduce the risk of cascading failures.
Are Clients Being Improperly Denied Coverage for an Eating Disorder When in a Residential Treatment Center

Individuals struggling with eating disorder diagnoses purse higher levels of care to treat the medical, behavioral, and psychiatric aspects of their disorders. The criteria for coverage at a higher...
The Spatial Diffusion of Social Conformity in the United States and Russia: The Case of Voting Participation

Social interaction combined with social conformity spreads social norms, attitudes, and behaviors through a society. This research examines such a process geographically for compliance with the norm that good citizens should vote. The diffusion of conformist behavior affects the local degree of conformity with the norm and produces highly specific and predictable patterns of behavior across a country. These are demonstrated with qualitative and quantitative spatial analyses of voter turnout in the United States and Russia.
An introduction to simulation using GPSS/H

From the Publisher: Employs the same painstaking thoroughness and accuracy in introducing the GPSS language that made the 1974 book so popular. Includes an educational version, GPSS/H from Wolverine Software, for personal computers that is as powerful, except in file size, as the package that costs commercial users over -5,000. Available in two versions: one with 5 1/4' disks, and one with 3 1/2' disks.
Diatom mineralization of silicic acid

Silicic acid binding, possibly at a membrane site is suggested as the first step in Si(OH)4 metabolism in the marine diatom Nitzschia angularis. We estimate 1738±133 Si(OH)4 binding sites·μm-2 cell surface and a turnover of 4–12 Si(OH)4 molecules·s-1 at maximum transport velocity. All studies were carried out using 68Ge(OH)4 as a tracer for Si(OH)4.
Synthesis of Al–Al3Ti Composites using Pulse Discharge Sintering Process

Al-Al 3 Ti in-situ composites with various mol%Ti of 0, 6.25, 9.40 and 12.5 were fabricated by sintering the mixed elemental powder using pulse discharge sintering process. Full density was achieved, especially for the low Ti content composites by this sintering process, except for the Al-12.5Ti composite, for which a longer sintering time is required. It was found that inducing Al 3 Ti phase into Al alloy is an effective way in improving the Young's modulus. The composites with Ti content lower than 9.4 mol%, show a Young's modulus of around 110 GPa while maintaining reasonable ductility. Further increase in Ti content may lead to a brittle material at room temperature due to the excessive Al 3 Ti volume fraction, though the Young's modulus can be further increased.
Mechanism of Copper(I)-Catalyzed 5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazole Formation from Azide and Terminal Alkyne.

5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazole (iodotriazole) can be prepared from a copper(I)-catalyzed reaction between azide and terminal alkyne in the presence of an iodinating agent, with 5-protio-1,2,3-triazole (protiotriazole) as the side product. The increasing utilities of iodotriazoles in synthetic and supramolecular chemistry drive the efforts in improving their selective syntheses based on a sound mechanistic understanding. A routinely proposed mechanism takes the cue from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, which includes copper(I) acetylide and triazolide as the early and the late intermediates, respectively. Instead of being protonated to afford protiotriazole, an iodinating agent presumably intercepts the copper(I) triazolide to give iodotriazole. The current work shows that copper(I) triazolide can be iodinated to afford iodotriazoles. However, when the reaction starts from a terminal alkyne as under the practical circumstances, 1-iodoalkyne (iodoalkyne) is an intermediate while copper(I) triazoli...
Boundary extension: Findings and theories

A view of a scene is often remembered as containing information that might have been present just beyond the actual boundaries of that view, and this is referred to as boundary extension. Characteristics of the view (e.g., scene or nonscene; close-up or wide-angle; whether objects are cropped, static, or in motion, emotionally neutral or emotionally charged), display (e.g., aperture shape and size; target duration; retention interval; whether probes of memory involve magnification/minification or change in physical distance), and observer (e.g., allocation of attention; age; planned fixation, gaze direction, and eye movements; monocular or binocular viewing; prior exposure; neurological correlates) that influence boundary extension are reviewed. Proposed mechanisms of boundary extension (perceptual, memory, or motion schema; extension–normalization; attentional selection; errors in source monitoring) are discussed, and possible relationships of boundary extension to other cognitive processes (e.g., repres...
Studies on an ACTH-activated adenyl cyclase from a mouse adrenal tumor

Abstract Adenyl cyclase from an ACTH sensitive adrenal tumor has been reduced to a molecular weight of 3 to 7 million by treatment of a lyophilized preparation of the particulate enzyme in a French pressure cell, a Nossal shaker or by sonication in the presence of both a phospholipid and fluoride. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, dipalmitoyl lecithin, and sphingomyelin were all effective. No “solubilization” was achieved if either phospholipid or fluoride was omitted. The enzyme was activated by ACTH after the fluoride was removed by dialysis. The “soluble” adenyl cyclase was examined with the electron microscope. Negative staining with potassium phosphotungstate revealed a population of vesicular profiles ranging in size from 300–800 A, studded with granules of an average diameter of 90 A. Many of the 90 A granules were distributed singly unattached to the vesicles. A negative stained preparation of phospholipid alone revealed only the vesicular profiles. Following exposure of the particulate or the “soluble” enzyme to fluoride, persistent enzymatic activity was present despite removal of fluoride by dialysis. The addition of more fluoride stimulated the enzymatic activity to levels exceeding that of the undialyzed enzyme, suggesting removal of an inhibitor.
Using the Latest Evidence to Manage Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic condition that is frequently the precursor to cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. This article reviews the current literature on the management of HTN in adults, including diagnosis, determination of treatment goals, implementation of treatment regimens, and differentiation between difficult-to-treat and truly resistant HTN. Information is summarized about how nurse practitioners can empower patients to use home blood pressure monitoring. The article incorporates discussion about new research in HTN management and provides insight into the forthcoming Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure report.
Photo-induced currents in CdZnTe crystals as a function of illumination wavelength

We report variations in the currents of CdZnTe semiconductor crystals during exposure to a series of light emitting diodes of various wavelengths ranging from 470 to 950 nm. The changes in the steady-state current of one CdZnTe crystal with and without illumination along with the time dependence of the illumination effects are discussed. Analysis of the de-trapping and transient bulk currents during and after optical excitation yield insight into the behaviour of charge traps within the crystal. Similar behaviour is observed for illumination of a second CdZnTe crystal suggesting that the overall illumination effects are not crystal dependent.
Activation and Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 8 by Monovalent Cations

The metal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze hydrolysis of acetyl groups from acetyllysine side chains and are targets of cancer therapeutics. Two bound monovalent cations (MVCs) of unknown function have been previously observed in crystal structures of HDAC8; site 1 is near the active site, whereas site 2 is located >20 Å from the catalytic metal ion. Here we demonstrate that one bound MVC activates catalytic activity (K1/2 = 3.4 mm for K+), whereas the second, weaker-binding MVC (K1/2 = 26 mm for K+) decreases catalytic activity by 11-fold. The weaker binding MVC also enhances the affinity of the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid by 5-fold. The site 1 MVC is coordinated by the side chain of Asp-176 that also forms a hydrogen bond with His-142, one of two histidines important for catalytic activity. The D176A and H142A mutants each increase the K1/2 for potassium inhibition by ≥40-fold, demonstrating that the inhibitory cation binds to site 1. Furthermore, the MVC inhibition is mediated by His-142, suggesting that this residue is protonated for maximal HDAC8 activity. Therefore, His-142 functions either as an electrostatic catalyst or a general acid. The activating MVC binds in the distal site and causes a time-dependent increase in activity, suggesting that the site 2 MVC stabilizes an active conformation of the enzyme. Sodium binds more weakly to both sites and activates HDAC8 to a lesser extent than potassium. Therefore, it is likely that potassium is the predominant MVC bound to HDAC8 in vivo.
An analysis of internet content delivery systems

In the span of only a few years, the Internet has experienced an astronomical increase in the use of specialized content delivery systems, such as content delivery networks and peer-to-peer file sharing systems. Therefore, an understanding of content delivery on the lnternet now requires a detailed understanding of how these systems are used in practice.This paper examines content delivery from the point of view of four content delivery systems: HTTP web traffic, the Akamai content delivery network, and Kazaa and Gnutella peer-to-peer file sharing traffic. We collected a trace of all incoming and outgoing network traffic at the University of Washington, a large university with over 60,000 students, faculty, and staff. From this trace, we isolated and characterized traffic belonging to each of these four delivery classes. Our results (1) quantify, the rapidly increasing importance of new content delivery systems, particularly peer-to-peer networks, (2) characterize the behavior of these systems from the perspectives of clients, objects, and servers, and (3) derive implications for caching in these systems.
Simple Techniques Can Give Pleasurable Results

In an attempt to optimize learning experiences, I am incorporating bits and pieces of "new technology" or alternative teaching approaches into my Chemistry 103 class.
Bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-S)tetrakis(μ-p-hydroxybenzoato-O:O′)dirhodium(II)–tetrakis(μ-butyrato-O:O′)bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-S)dirhodium(II) cocrystal ethanol disolvate

The title structure, [Rh2(C7H5O3)4(C2H6OS)2]·[Rh2(C4H7­O2)4(C2H6OS)2]·2C2H6O, contains two discrete neutral Rh–Rh dimers cocrystallized as the ethanol disolvate. Each dimer is situated on an inversion center. The butyrate chain displays disorder in one C-atom position. In each dimer, the di­methyl sulfoxide ligand (dmso) is bound via S, as expected. The ethanol is a hydrogen-bond acceptor for one p-hydroxy­benzoate hydroxyl group and acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the dmso O atom of a neighboring p-hydroxy­benzoate dirhodium complex. A third hydrogen bond is formed from the other p-hydroxy­benzoate hydroxyl group to the dmso O atom of a butyrate–dirhodium complex.
From Vita contemplativa to vitaactiva: Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Rhetorical Turn

Abstract Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Traite de Vargumentation: la nouvelle rhetorique marked a revolution in twentieth-century rhetorical theory. In this essay, we trace Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's turn from logical positivism and the accepted belief that reason's domain was the vita contemplativa to rhetoric and its use as a reason designed for the vita activa. Our effort to tell the story of their rhetorical turn, which took place between 1944 and 1950, is informed by an account of the context in which they considered questions of reason, responsibility, and action in the wake of World War II.
A catheter tip method for measurement of the instantaneous aortic blood velocity.

A method of determining the instantaneous aortic blood velocity from the pressure difference between two points along the axis of the aorta was derived from the Navier-Stokes equation. Experimental support for the derived formula was obtained in a flow model and in a living animal aorta. The flow model was a small piston pump which produced a known sinusoidal fluid velocity. The velocity computed from the formula compared well with the known values. In the living animal the formula yielded a velocity curve which compared favorably with those in the literature. The pressure difference from which the velocity was computed was obtained through a specially designed double lumen catheter attached to a differential pressure transducer. The method is applicable only to pulsatile flow.
Aphasic subjects' comprehension of synthetic and natural speech.

This study investigated the ability of aphasic patients with mild auditory comprehension problems to respond to synthetic speech produced by an inexpensive speech synthesizer attached to a personal...
Pulse Radiolysis of Supercritical Water. 2. Reaction of Nitrobenzene with Hydrated Electrons and Hydroxyl Radicals

The rate constants for the reactions of nitrobenzene with the hydroxyl radical (OH{sup {sm_bullet}}) and hydrated electron ((e{sup -}){sub aq}) in water have been measured from room temperature to 400 {sup o}C using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy. The diffusion-limited reaction of nitrobenzene with (e{sup 0}){sub aq} exhibits temperature-insensitive activation energy up to 300 {sup o}C, indicating that the activation energy for electron diffusion remains high over this range. The (e{sup -}){sub aq} reactivity is explained as a long-range electron transfer, and the results are interpreted in terms of extended Marcus theory and Smoluchowski relationships. At 380 {sup o}C, the rate constant has a density dependence similar to that previously reported for other (e{sup -}){sub aq} scavenging reactions. The reaction rate of nitrobenzene with OH{sup {sm_bullet}} is very insensitive to temperature from room temperature up to 300 {sup o}C, in agreement with previous studies. Above 300 {sup o}C, the rate constant increases as the critical temperature is approached and exceeded. Time-resolved electronic absorption spectra of the nitrobenzene radiolysis transients reveal complex kinetics involving multiple absorbing species.
On an Algebra of Sets of Finite Sequences

The algebras studied in this paper were suggested to the author by William Craig as a possible substitute for cylindric algebras. Both kinds of algebras may be considered as algebraic versions of first-order logic. Cylindric algebras can be introduced as follows. Let Y be a first-order language, and let % be an Y-structure. We assume that Y has a simple infinite sequence v0, vi, . * * of individual variables, and we take as known what it means for a sequence x = of elements of % to satisfy a formula b of Y in A. Let He be the collection of all sequences x
Tumescent dermasanding with cryospraying. A new wrinkle on the treatment of rhytids.

background The art of dermasanding has been recently rediscovered, revived, and refined. This renewed interest follows on the wake of intense interest in the new carbon dioxide resurfacing lasers. Tumescent dermasanding with cryospraying is a simple, inexpensive, highly effective, reliable, and safe method of wrinkle removal. Personal experience with over 130 patients with ongoing refinement of existing dermasanding techniques plus the addition of tumescent analgesia, cryospraying, and specific postoperative instructions has resulted in outcomes at least equivalent to those obtained with laser resurfacing. methods A detailed description and pictorial display of preparation, treatment, and postoperative care is presented. Its special attributes as well as its shortcomings versus laser resurfacing are briefly described. conclusion Strict attention to detail should produce excellent, consistent, and reproducible results with minimal complications.
The impact of positron emission tomography imaging on the clinical management of patients with epilepsy

Clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of human epilepsy has a 30-year history, but it is still searching for its exact role among rapidly advancing neuroimaging techniques. The vast majority of epilepsy PET studies used this technique to improve detection of epileptic foci for surgical resection. Here, we review the main trends emerging from three decades of PET research in epilepsy, with a particular emphasis on how PET imaging has impacted on the clinical management of patients with intractable epilepsy. While reviewing the latest studies, we also present an argument for a changing role of PET and molecular imaging in the future, with an increasing focus on epileptogenesis and newly discovered molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. These new applications will be facilitated by technological advances, such as the use of integrated PET/MRI systems and utilization of novel radiotracers, which may also enhance phenotype–genotype correlations and assist rational, individualized treatment strategies.
A general acid-base mechanism for the stabilization of a tetrahedral adduct in a serine-carboxyl peptidase: a computational study.

The QM/MM MD and free energy simulations show that serine−carboxyl peptidases (sedolisins) may stabilize the tetrahedral intermediates and tetrahedral adducts primarily through a general acid−base mechanism involving Asp (Asp164 for kumamolisin-As) rather than the oxyanion−hole interactions as in the cases of serine proteases.
Detection of numerical chromosome anomalies in interphase cells of ovarian carcinomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used in interphase cells of 30 ovarian carcinomas to detect numerical changes in copy number of 13 different centromeres (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, and X). Thirty-seven percent of samples (11/30) were near diploid and demonstrated only minor changes in centromere copy number, involving gain and/or loss of one or a few centromeres. The most common changes included loss of centromeres 4, 6, 17, and 18 and gain of centromere 1. The remaining 63% of samples were hyperdiploid and demonstrated a general increase in copy number of most or all centromeres examined. Among these samples, the centromere of chromosome 1 was most often found to be at higher copy number. Centromeres that were less often at increased copy or deleted within the hyperdiploid samples include centromeres 4, 17, 18, and X. These results suggest that tumor-suppressor genes that are located on chromosomes 4, 6, 17, and 18 may be involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Genes Chromosom Cancer 16:120–129 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nodal distribution and its significance in FIGO stage IIIc endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of nodal disease in FIGO Stage IIIc endometrial cancer (EC) and to evaluate whether nodal distribution is related to recurrence and survival. Methods. Charts from EC patients with FIGO Stage IIIc disease from 1989 to 1998 were abstracted for clinicopathologic data, pelvic (PLN) and para-aortic (PALN) nodal involvement, number of positive/removed nodes, and extranodal disease spread. Patterns of nodal distribution were evaluated for site of first recurrence and survival. Associations between variables were tested by χ 2 and Wilcoxon rank sums. Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. Of 607 EC patients evaluated, 47 were identified with FIGO Stage IIIc disease. All 47 patients underwent hysterectomy and PLN sampling, and 42/47 had PALN sampling. The median number of PLN removed was 16 (range 2–35), and the median number of PALN was 7 (0–18). Stage IIIc disease was defined by positive PLN alone in 43%, positive PLN and PALN in 40%, and positive PALN alone in 17%. Positive peritoneal cytology and/or adnexal metastasis were present in 12 patients. Only 1/12 of these patients had isolated positive PLN whereas 11/12 had positive PALN ( P = 0.007). An increasing number of positive PLN was associated with PALN metastasis ( P = 0.0001), and of the 10 patients with bilateral PLN involvement, 9/10 also had positive PALN ( P = 0.001). Sites of first recurrence were similar regardless of whether PALN were positive. At a median follow-up of 37 months, the 3-year survival estimate was 70% for patients with positive PALN versus 87% for those with isolated PLN disease ( P = 0.22). For all patients neither the total number of positive PLN nor the total number of PLN or PALN removed was associated with survival. Conclusions. PALN involvement is common in patients with FIGO Stage IIIc endometrial cancer, suggesting that PLN sampling alone may result in underdiagnosis of disease. Patients with positive PALN had more extensive disease, but survival and patterns of failure were not significantly different from those with disease confined to PLN, suggesting that lymph node dissection may have a therapeutic role.
Photometrics in astronomy

Abstract The recent growth of astrophysics emphasizes the differences that exist between the photometric nomenclature of physics and that of astronomy. Astronomers employ such concepts as “brightness,” “luminosity,” and “magnitude”; but these same words are used with entirely different meanings by astronomers and by physicists. The paper shows how photometric concepts of the two groups can be correlated and made more precise.
Suppression of collisional shifts in a strongly interacting lattice clock.

Optical lattice clocks with extremely stable frequency are possible when many atoms are interrogated simultaneously, but this precision may come at the cost of systematic inaccuracy resulting from atomic interactions. Density-dependent frequency shifts can occur even in a clock that uses fermionic atoms if they are subject to inhomogeneous optical excitation. However, sufficiently strong interactions can suppress collisional shifts in lattice sites containing more than one atom. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach with a strontium lattice clock by reducing both the collisional frequency shift and its uncertainty to the level of 10−17. This result eliminates the compromise between precision and accuracy in a many-particle system; both will continue to improve as the number of particles increases.
The effect of progesterone on the activity-wheel running of ovariectomized rats.

Abstract Progesterone treatment failed to significantly depress activity-wheel activity elicited by food deprivation in either ovariectomized or ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats. These results indicate: (1) that the lack of effect of progesterone on the activity of ovariectomized rats is not due only to their already low level of activity; and (2) that the depressant effect of progesterone on activity in the estrogen-treated ovariectomized rat is, to a large extent, a specific inhibition of estrogen facilitation of activity, rather than a nonspecific activity depressant effect.
THE RENAL LESION OF EXPERIMENTAL CANTHARIDIN POISONING

Although the study of experimental nephritis by physiological methods shows that the most striking effect of cantharidin is injury of the blood vessels, the great abundance of mitotic figures in the tubular epithelium in the stage of repair points to an equally widespread and severe epithelial injury. Caution must therefore be observed in ascribing the physiological disturbances of kidney function caused by cantharidin as due exclusively to a vascular injury, and in regarding cantharidin nephritis as a pure type of vascular nephritis.
From the field to the web: implementing best-practice recommendations in documentary linguistics

New methods of documenting languages with digital technologies has led to a multitude of different formats that are difficult to reuse over time. To overcome the problems surrounding the portability of digital language documentation, linguists are in the process of formulating best-practice recommendations to increase the likelihood of their work's long-term survival. This paper describes the implementation of a comprehensive set of current best-practice recommendations pertaining to content, format, discovery, access, citation, preservation, and rights in the context of the language documentation efforts of the Texas German Dialect Project. This project is different from others in that it is not primarily concerned with digitizing and archiving existing recordings. Instead, the archive it is creating is the end-result of a research project whose workflow begins with data-collection in the filed and ends with depositing digitized and annotated language materials in a web-accessible digital archive of Texas German. This paper shows how a number of conflicting best-practice recommendations can be resolved, thereby satisfying the diverse needs of academic research, teaching, and outreach to the community. As such, the results reported here are an important contribution to the search for strategies guaranteeing the long-term survival of digital language documentation resources.
Techniques for rapid biochemical screening of large numbers of cell clones.

Abstract Mutant cell lines derived from a variety of organisms can be isolated when a sufficient number of clones are screened. We describe techniques which can be used to clone up to 104 cells/h. The construction of a simple multiple pipet is outlined and its operation in conjunction with multitest culture trays and an efficient replicator is described. The techniques permit screening of any cells able to grow clonally in culture.
Dibenzanthracene 1:2:5:6 as a Carcinogenic Agent

Introduction In 1931, an editorial in the London Lancet (1) furnished the following admirably brief and succinct summary of the early phase of the work done with dibenzanthracene: “In February, 1929, a method for the synthesis of 1:2:5:6 dibenzanthracene was published in a German chemical journal, having no connexion with cancer research [Clar, 2]. This is only one of a great number of new compounds constantly being produced by organic chemists, and there would have been nothing to draw attention to its possibilities as a carcinogenetic agent, had not Mr. I. Hieger, working at the Cancer Hospital under the general direction of Prof. E. L. Kennaway, been on the lookout for new compounds closely related to benzanthracene. For he had previously noticed the resemblance between the fluorescence spectrum of benzanthracene and that of a cancer-producing coal tar, and the association had led him to seek a pure chemical substance which would replace coal tar as a carcinogenetic agent. Benzanthracene itself, which consists of four benzene rings fused together, has only feeble cancer-producing power; in a series of 70 mice painted with it, only one papilloma appeared. But the addition of one more benzene ring in a certain position (dibenzanthracene) has given 58 cancers and 9 papillomas in 190 mice, of which 104 lived more than six months…. The two compounds which, up to the present, have been found most active differ from the almost inactive parent substance, benzanthracene, in that the molecule, as shown in the conventional graphic formula, is extended at the lower left-hand corner, in one case by the iso propyl group ![][1] CH—in the other by a fifth benzene ring. The question whether this type of molecular structure has any general significance in cancer production must be decided by much further work…. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Computability in structures representing a Scott set

Continuing work begun in [10], we utilize a notion of forcing for which the generic objects are structures and which allows us to determine whether these “generic” structures compute certain sets and enumerations. The forcing conditions are bounded complexity types which are consistent with a given theory and are elements of a given Scott set. These generic structures will “represent” this given Scott set, in the sense that the structure has a certain weak saturation property with respect to bounded complexity types in the Scott set. For example, if ? is a nonstandard model of PA, then ? represents the Scott set ? = n∈ω | ?⊧“the nth prime divides a” | a∈?.
Determination of Liquid Diffusion Coefficients along a Liquidus Phase Boundary

A method for determination of liquid phase diffusion coefficients along the liquidus curve in a binary alloy is presented. The technique is similar to that proposed by Watson and Hunt [1] but is more applicable to a larger selection of alloy systems. The technique utilizes temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) to produce compositional adjustments along the length of a stationary sample placed in a temperature gradient. Diffusion coefficients as a function of position and, hence, temperature in the sample are calculated from measurement of the compositional changes occurring during TGZM and the temperature profile in the alloy. Since coefficients can be measured over a wide range of temperatures, the activation energy for diffusion can also be determined. The technique is demonstrated for a Cu-85 wt pct Sn alloy.
Joint photometric registration and optical flowestimation

This paper presents a method that estimates both the photometric mapping and the dense motion field in image sequences. The method extends the Horn-Schunck type dense variational optical flow estimation approach with the use of intensity mapping functions in an alternating optimization scheme. The intensity mapping functions are also updated through the iterations with the help of weighted histograms, where the weights reflect the visibility of pixels in one image from the other. We include experiments with both synthetic and real imagery to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Neurologic and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in young children with early-treated combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cobalamin C type

Abnormal neurodevelopment has been widely reported in combined methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and homocystinuria, cblC type (cblC disease), but neurodevelopmental phenotypes in cblC have not previously been systematically studied. We sought to further characterize developmental neurology in children with molecularly-confirmed cblC. Thirteen children at our center with cblC, born since implementation of expanded newborn screening in New York State, undertook standard-of-care evaluations with a pediatric neurologist and pediatric ophthalmologist. At most recent follow-up (mean age 50 months, range 9-84 months), of twelve children with early-onset cblC, three (25%) had a history of clinical seizures and two (17%) meet criteria for microcephaly. A majority of children had hypotonia and nystagmus. Twelve out of thirteen (92%) underwent neurodevelopmental evaluation (mean age 41 months; range 9-76 months), each child tested with standardized parental interviews and, where possible, age- and disability-appropriate neuropsychological batteries. All patients showed evidence of developmental delay with the exception of one patient with a genotype predictive of attenuated disease and near-normal biochemical parameters. Neurodevelopmental deficits were noted most prominently in motor skills, with relative preservation of socialization and communication skills. Nine children with early-onset cblC underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) at mean age of 47 months (range 6-81 months); common abnormalities included callosal thinning, craniocaudally short pons, and increased T2 FLAIR signal in periventricular and periatrial white matter. Our study further characterizes variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes in treated cblC, and provides insights into the etiopathogenesis of disordered neurodevelopment frequently encountered in cblC. Plasma homocysteine and MMA, routinely measured at clinical follow-up, may be poor predictors for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Additional data from large, prospective, multi-center natural history studies are required to more accurately define the role of these metabolites and others, as well as that of other genetic and environmental factors in the etiopathogenesis of the neurologic components of this disorder.
Degradation phenomena of two linear aliphatic polyester fibres used in medicine and surgery

Abstract The changes of pH levels and tensile breaking strength of two synthetic biodegradable polymers, polyglycolic acid and poly(glycolide-lactide) were examined as a function of time of immersion and γ irradiation in in vitro conditions. It was found that (1) the pH of the solution containing the polymers would decrease with time as degradation proceeded; (2) all of the pH-time curves exhibited sigmoidal shape and consisted of three distinctive regions - early, accelerated, and later stages; (3) the lengths of these three regions were a function of γ irradiation and increasing the radiation dosage shortened the time required for the accelerated region to occur; and (4) the appearance of the drastic pH changes coincided with loss of tensile breaking strength. It was suggested that the destruction of the tie-chain segments in the first stage of degradation and the subsequent relaxation of crystal blocks were related to the drastic decrease in pH levels and loss of tensile breaking strength.
How to Convert a Walk-in Hood into a Manufacturing Facility: Demonstration of a Continuous, High-Temperature Cyclization to Process Solids in Flow

An intramolecular thermal cyclization protocol was developed in a flow reactor to take advantage of the high pressures and temperatures that are easily obtained in small scale autoclave reactors that have been modified to handle slurries. This reactor was equipped with a fill/empty pumping system to enable easy and nearly complete transfer of slurries. The reaction conditions were designed to take advantage of the insolubility of the product in order to separate it from residual starting material by filtration after short reaction times. Recycling of the filtrate maximized the yield and throughput while minimizing decomposition. Recycles were accomplished using a strip to dryness protocol that was easily performed in a rotary evaporator. This new equipment set was designed with lab-hood manufacturing in mind, a minimized footprint, and the system was completely automated for charging, emptying, rinsing, and reacting. Additional efforts for quick screening and alternate modes of addition were also investig...
Simple and useful endoscopic technique in the re-establishment of esophageal patency for the treatment of a completely obstructed esophagus

Complete esophageal obstruction by benign or malignant diseases is an extremely morbid condition resulting in a very poor quality of life. Nutritional support through gastrostomy feeding or total parenteral nutrition is required to sustain life for such a patient. Re-establishment of esophageal patency allows for resumption of oral intake resulting in a marked improvement in the quality of life and avoids the complications associated with nutritional support through alternate routes. We describe a simple, safe, and effective endoscopic technique in the re-establishment of esophageal luminal patency.
Characterization of triplet states of axially symmetric benzenes using the zeeman effect

By means of low temperature spectroscopy of single crystals of sym-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and sym-tribromobenzene (TBB) we have determined that the principal Herzberg-Teller origins in the S_0 → T_1 transition correspond to out-of-plane vibrations. The assigned active modes for TCB are: 205 cm^(−1) (e"), 144 cm^(−1) (a"2) from phosphorescence; 119 cm^(−1) (e" or a"2) from absorption. For TBB the assigned modes are: 203 cm^(−1) (e") from phosphorescence; 166, 207 cm^(−1) (e" or a"2) from absorption. The singlet-triplet transitions are dominated by these vibronic origins, and the electronic origins are relatively weak and manifest crystal field induced interactions as evidenced by the Zeeman effect analysis. The appearance of these low frequency out-of-plane modes indicates that the halogen atom motion induced mixing of the pi and sigma type electronic states is dominating the transition mechanism.
Effects of surface roughness, oxidation level, and liquid subcooling on the minimum film boiling temperature

The effects of surface roughness, oxidation level, and liquid subcooling on the minimum film boiling temperature, T min, during quenching of a nuclear fuel rod were investigated experimentally. An instrumented nuclear fuel rod simulator (FRS) was designed and fabricated with different combinations of cladding (Inconel and Zircaloy) and filler (BN and Al2O3) materials. Surface roughness was varied by polishing the FRS with different grades of emery cloth, whereas oxidation level was varied by heating the FRS in an oven under carefully controlled conditions for different time periods. An eddy-current device was used to nondestructively measure the oxide layer thickness on the FRS. Quenching experiments were conducted in a subcooled water bath and the value of T min was determined from the measured temperature transients. For the FRS explored in the experiments, the minimum film boiling temperature was found to depend strongly on the liquid subcooling, oxidation level, and surface roughness.
Background service QoS in a UMTS network

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the quality of service provided by a cellular network for background services, such as e-mail and text messaging. Data collected from drive testing were used as the means to evaluate different drive routes on a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. Although one type of cellular network was tested, this methodology may be readily adapted to fit other types of cellular networks.
Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases with prinomastat produces abnormalities in fetal growth and development in rats.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in remodeling of the extracellular matrix during embryogenesis and fetal development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prinomastat, a potent selective MMP inhibitor, on fetal growth and development. METHODS: Prinomastat (25, 100, 250 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered to pregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats on gestational days (GD) 6–17. A Cesarian section was carried out on GD 20 and the fetuses were evaluated for viability and skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities. RESULTS: Prinomastat treatment at the 250 mg/kg/day dose produced a decrease in body weight and food consumption in the dams. A dose-dependent increase in post-implantation loss was observed in the 100 and 250 mg/kg/day-dose groups, resulting in only 22% of the dams having viable litters for evaluation at the 250 mg/kg/day dose. Fetal skeletal tissue variations and malformations were present in all prinomastat treated groups and their frequency increased with dose. Variations and malformation in fetal soft tissue were also increased at the 100 and 250 mg/kg/day doses. Prinomastat also interfered with fetal growth of rat embryo cultures in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that MMP inhibition has a profound effect on fetal growth and development in vivo and in vitro. Birth Defects Research (Part B) 77:95–103, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Some Interpretations of Swerling's Case 3 Target Results, with Possible Extensions

The similarity between the distribution lawfor the Swerling Case 3 target model and acertain member of the log-normal family isdemonstrated. This similarity is then used topredict some important features of the detectionprobability characteristic for that model.The predictions are found to be highly accurateand suggest possible extensions of theunderlying method to the case of truly lognormalsignal-to-noise ratios.
A Hydrodynamical Model of Shear Flow over Semi-Infinite Barriers with Application to Density Currents

Abstract Vertically sheared airflow over semi-infinite barriers is investigated with a simple hydrodynamical model. The idealized flow is steady, two-dimensional, neutrally buoyant, and inviscid, bounded on the bottom by a semi-infinite impermeable barrier and on the top by a rigid tropopause lid. With attention further restricted to an exponentially decreasing wind shear, the equations of motion (Euler's equations) reduce, without approximation, to a modified Poisson equation for a pseudo streamfunction and a formula for the Exner function. The free parameters characterizing the model's environment are the tropopause height, the density scale height, the wind speed at ground level, and the wind speed at tropopause level. Additional parameters characterize the barrier geometry. Exact solutions of the equations of motion are obtained for semi-infinite plateau barriers and for a barrier qualitatively resembling the shallow density current associated with some thunderstorm outflows. These solutions are notew...
Functional nonequivalence of sperm in Drosophila pseudoobscura

We report on a form of sperm polymorphism, termed polymegaly, that occurs in species of the Drosophila obscura group. Individual males of species in this group characteristically produce more than one discrete length of nucleated, motile sperm. Hypotheses suggested to explain the evolutionary significance of sperm polymorphism have been either nonadaptive or adaptive, with the latter focusing on sperm competition or nutrient provisioning. These hypotheses assume all sperm types fertilize eggs; however, no data have been gathered to test this assumption. We found that two size classes of sperm are produced and transferred to females in approximately equal numbers by the male; only long sperm persist in significant numbers in female sperm storage organs. Furthermore, we used a DNA-specific dye (bisbenzimide) and sperm-specific antibodies to ask if both sperm types fertilize eggs in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent analyses of fertilized eggs using anti-sperm polyclonal antisera demonstrated that only long sperm participate in fertilization. These data falsify those hypotheses in which all sperm types are assumed to be functionally equivalent (fertilize eggs). Any remaining or new hypotheses for the evolutionary significance of polymegaly must incorporate these findings. Several new areas of research are suggested.
Interactions of porcine follicular fluid with ovarian steroids and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by cultured pituitary cells.

Basal and LHRH-stimulated FSH secretion were suppressed by the addition of porcine follicular fluid extract (pffl) to cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Pig serum had no effect on basal or LHRH-induced LH or FSH secretion. The suppressive effects of pffl were quantitatively and temporally cumulative, since an increase in both the dosage and the length of exposure to pffl resulted in an increased inhibition of basal and LHRH-stimulated FSH secretion. The presence of steroids (estradiol and progesterone or estradiol-progesterone and testosterone) or pretreatment of cell cultures with LHRH enhanced basal 24-h FSH secretion. However, the addition of 0.5% or 0.1% pffl suppressed FSH secretion by 66–75%, whereas 0.02% pffl reduced FSH secretion by only 17%. The greatest suppression of LHRH-induced LH and FSH secretion by pffl occurred when cells were preincubated with pffl for 24 vs. 2 h. Further, higher concentrations of LHRH (2.1 × 10−8 m) overcame the inhibitory effect of 2-h but not 24-h treatment with ...