cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of faint radio sources with optically luminous interacting disk galaxies

THE question of when galaxies and stars started to form in the early Universe is one of the most fundamental in cosmology. Faint radio sources (with fluxes of a few microjanskys or less) may be these early galaxies; radio surveys have shown them to be increasingly common as fainter levels are reached1-7, suggesting that they are an important constituent of the early Universe. Many of these sources were identified with faint blue galaxies—some of which have peculiar morphology (perhaps arising from inter actions) 1,8-10 or with galaxies hosting enhanced star formation activity10-12, but lack of optical resolution has made the nature of these identifications rather uncertain. Here we present the results of a very deep radio survey, obtained with the Very Large Array, of a field imaged with the Wide Field Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. We find that most of the microjansky sources are indeed faint blue galaxies, with light profiles resembling disk galaxies. More than half of these galaxies occur in pairs or small groups, compared to fewer than ten per cent of nearby galaxies. We conclude that the microjansky sources are luminous disk galaxies, in a starburst (or post-starburst) phase that was triggered by interactions or mergers. Only a few show evidence for an active nucleus2,13,14, which is the other possible power source for the emission.
Semantic feature knowledge in persons with aphasia: The role of commonality, distinctiveness, and importance

Background: Semantic knowledge refers to the information that a person knows about the world. Semantic representations comprise semantic features that may be categorised based on distinctiveness and importance. The expressive and receptive language problems experienced by people with aphasia may relate to deficits in their semantic feature knowledge. Thus understanding impairments in semantic knowledge in persons with aphasia is key to the rehabilitation process. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in distinctive feature knowledge across importance levels in people with aphasia grouped according to their ability to distinguish target words from semantically related foils. The relationship of feature knowledge and comprehension and naming abilities was also examined. The primary hypothesis was that participants who had difficulty choosing among semantically related foils would have significantly more difficulty with identification of distinctive features than common features as c...
Chapter 2 Retinal pigment epithelial cell contributions to the electroretinogram and electrooculogram

2. Circui t o f the E R G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.1. Vol tages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2. Resis tances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
All Aboard! The Polar Express Is Traveling to Science—Understanding the States of Matter while Differentiating Instruction for Young Learners

ABSTRACTThis standards-based science lesson introduces young learners to scientific inquiry and critical thinking by using activities to demonstrate three phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). By learning about the states of matter through a 5E instructional approach, students are encouraged to observe changes in the states of matter and to discuss their understanding in both small and large group forums. Student participants will be involved in hands-on activities along with small and large group discourse while actively learning about the states of matter and enjoying a hot chocolate demonstration with sampling. Developmentally appropriate instructional approaches are emphasized throughout this lesson.
Stability of heavy and superheavy elements

We review several important experimental and theoretical developments that during the past decade have revived interest in the stability properties of the heaviest elements. On the experimental side two accomplishments stand out. One is the extension of the known elements to 107Ns, 108Hs and 109Mt. The other is the collection of an extensive body of data on the transition between asymmetric and symmetric fission in the region close to proton number Z=2*50 and neutron number N=2*82. On the theoretical side it has become dear that some models that appropriately account for the most important nuclear-structure aspects are sufficiently reliable for meaningful applications to new regions of nuclei and to studies of new phenomena. We discuss here in particular the importance of a 'few-parameter approach' and of solving a Schrodinger equation for accurately obtaining microscopic effects. We show how such models now more reliably than earlier describe the stability properties of the heaviest elements when the following important points are treated carefully. In fission studies very precise shape specifications are necessary in the saddle-point region and beyond. Coulomb redistribution effects and higher-multipole effects are important for determining the ground-state masses. We review how consideration of these effects has influenced theoretical work in the last decade and present some current results on alpha -decay, beta -decay and fission properties in the heaviest region.
Unburied Higgs boson: Jet substructure techniques for searching for Higgs’ decay into gluons

Many models of physics beyond the standard model yield exotic Higgs decays. Some of these, particularly those in which the Higgs decays to light quarks or gluons, can be very difficult to discover experimentally. Here we introduce a new set of jet substructure techniques designed to search for such a Higgs when its dominant decay is into gluons via light, uncolored resonances. We study this scenario in both $V+h$ and $t\overline{t}+h$ production channels, and find both channels lead to discovery at the LHC with $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ at $\mathcal{L}\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Differential Expression of Wnt Genes in Normal and Flat Variants of PC 12 Cells, a Cell Line Responsive to Ectopic Wnt1 Expression

AbstractWnt genes encode secreted growth factor-like proteins that participate in growth regulation, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Ectopic expression of Wnt1 converts the PC 12 neural crest-derived rat pheochromocytoma cell line from a round phenotype that express chromaffin markers to flat adherent cells (termed PC12/Wnt1) that do not express them. A pool of spontaneously flat variants of PC 12 cells (PC12/flat) is phenotypically similar to the PC12/Wnt1 cells, but does not express Wnt1. Here we describe the expression of 13 Wnt genes in wild type PC 12, PC12/flat and PC12/Wnt1 cells. Wild type PC12 expressed Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt6, Wnt10a and Wnt11. Compared with expression in wild type cells, both PC12/flat and PC12/Wnt1 cells lost most or all expression of Wnt3a and Wnt4 and gained expression of Wnt7b, Wnt5a and Wnt6 expression was higher in PC12/Wnt1 cells than in PC 12 or PC12/flat. Wnt3 was expressed at low levels in both PC12 and PC12/flat, but was absent in PC12/Wnt1 cells. Wnt10a an...
Radiative Cooling and Viscous Dissipation in Molecular Accretion Disks at the Nuclei of Galaxies

Key processes are examined in the heating and cooling of molecular gas with emphasis on environments for water masers at the nuclei of galaxies. The exchange of infrared radiation between the gas and dust grains is evaluated in determining the cooling of the gas and in determining the thermal coupling between the gas and the dust grains. Calculations are performed for the transport of continuum radiation through an optically thick slab to assess the temperatures of the dust grains. The highly refined observational description of the subparsec circumnuclear disk in the galaxy NGC 4258 serves as a focus. The viscous dissipation that is inherent in an accretion disk is reconsidered as a source of heat to create the masing environment. Based on our cooling rates, the input of energy that is required to create the bulk of the observed masing gas is evaluated and is found to be comparable in magnitude (per unit surface area) to that generated by the viscous dissipation. To be effective in actually creating the masing environment, the distribution for the viscous dissipation of heat with distance from the midplane of the disk must be quite different from the distribution of the mass. Tentative evidence that this is plausible is discussed. One consequence is the likely presence of a component of the disk at the midplane that is colder and much more massive than the masing gas. The recent interpretation that the inner disk of NGC 4258 may be advective is especially useful for this description, since the viscous dissipation at the location of the masers tends to be enhanced. A significant temperature difference between the gas and the grains, which is necessary for masing, is found to result regardless of whether the heating in these environments is provided by viscous dissipation or by X-rays.
A UNIFYING PRINCIPLE OF MEMORY SPAN, FORGETTING, AND SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

Lists of 5 to 10 digits, spoken at the rate of 2 digits per second, were presented to 10 Ss. The last digit in each list also occurred earlier in the list, and S's task was to write down the digit that followed the last one on its prior occurrence. The data were analyzed as measures of memory span, forgetting, and the serial position effect. These three phenomena were then related to one another by means of a principle that described how the probability of recall of each item in a list varied as a function of the numbers of preceding and following items. The effects of presentation rate and delayed recall were also discussed.
Clinical Assessment of Gang Violence Risk Through History and Physical Exam

Primary-care clinicians can assess gang involvement and gang violence risk during the routine history and physical exam. This paper forwards a model for history and risk assessment. The objective of creating the model was to develop a practical prototype for clinicians to use in this assessment. The history and physical exam variables were determined by a study of the etiology and correlates of gang membership and gang violence. The history and physical risk assessment tool is based on standard patient care algorithms. It worLÂ· best in a managed care setting with a high incentive for violence prevention and cost reduction, and where access to a broad range of traditional and nontraditional referral sources exists. Representative referrals are discussed.
Discrete approximations to real-valued leaf sequencing problems in radiation therapy

For a given mxn nonnegative real matrix A, a segmentation with 1-norm relative error e is a set of pairs (@a,S)={(@a"1,S"1),(@a"2,S"2),...,(@a"k,S"k)}, where each @a"i is a positive number and S"i is an mxn binary matrix, and e=|A-@?"i"="1^k@a"iS"i|"1/|A|"1, where |A|"1 is the 1-norm of a vector which consists of all the entries of the matrix A. In certain radiation therapy applications, given A and positive scalars @c,@d, we consider the optimization problem of finding a segmentation (@a,S) that minimizes z=@?"i"="1^k@a"i+@ck+@de subject to certain constraints on S"i. This problem poses a major challenge in preparing a clinically acceptable treatment plan for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and is known to be NP-hard. Known discrete IMRT algorithms use alternative objectives for this problem and an L-level entrywise approximation A@? (i.e. each entry in A is approximated by the closest entry in a set of L equally-spaced integers), and produce a segmentation that satisfies A@?=@?"i"="1^k@a@?"iS"i. In this paper we present two algorithms that focus on the original non-discretized intensity matrix and consider measures of delivery quality and complexity (@?@a"i+@ck) as well as approximation error e. The first algorithm uses a set partitioning approach to approximate A by a matrix A@? that leads to segmentations with smaller k for a given e. The second algorithm uses a constrained least square approach to post-process a segmentation {(@a@?"i,S"i)} of A@? to replace @a@?"i with real-valued @a"i in order to reduce k and e.
Use of rainfall-induced optical scintillations to measure path-averaged rain parameters

We apply the theory of plane-wave scattering by spheres to calculate the variance, the space–time covariance, and the temporal-frequency spectrum of the amplitude fluctuations of a light wave passing through rainfall. The development includes the effects of various sizes of raindrops and their associated terminal velocities. We show that the time-lagged covariance function of two vertically spaced sensors can provide a practical remote measurement of path-averaged rain parameters, such as drop-size distribution and rain rate, without any assumptions about the form of the drop-size distribution.
Chemical vapor transport of Nb3Sn

Abstract A chemical vapor transport method has been used to produce free standing thick films of Nb 3 Sn utilizing TeCl 4 as a transport agent. The films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction and by magnetic susceptibility. The dense films display large crystallite size, are stoichiometric by EDX and XRD, and are shown by magnetic studies to exhibit a sharp superconducting transition.
Introversion and the Aesthetic Attitude

(1940). Introversion and the Aesthetic Attitude. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 203-208.
Negative U wave: a highly specific but poorly understood sign of heart disease

A negative U wave is highly specific for the presence of heart disease and is associated with other electrocardiographic abnormalities in more than 90 percent of patients. The three most common conditions associated with a negative U wave are systemic hypertension, aortic and mitral regurgitation and ischemic heart disease. The U wave vector is directed opposite to the QRS axis in the horizontal plane in patients with both left and right ventricular hypertrophy. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the U wave vector tends to be directed away from the site of the akinetic or dyskinetic region. The change from a negative to an upright U wave after a reduction in blood pressure, renal transplantation, insertion of a valve prosthesis or a coronary arterial bypass graft procedure is associated with a decrease in the QRS amplitude but with no consistent changes in T wave polarity. The timing of the U wave apex is dependent on the duration of ventricular repolarization but not on the duration of the QRS complex. This finding and other electrocardiographic observations are explained better by the ventricular relaxation than by the Purkinje fiber repolarization theory of U wave genesis.
Osmotic behavioe of spinach chloroplasts

Abstract 1. 1. When isolated spinach chloroplasts were incubated in the cold in various dilutions of NaCl, sucrose or spinach juice media, the chloroplast volume was found to vary inversely with osmotic pressure of the medium in accordance with the Boyle-Van 't Hoff relation. 2. 2. These volume changes were reversible. 3. 3. Electrolyte analyses of pellets and supernatants indicated that Na + , Cl − , and K + readily penetrated the chloroplast membrane. These results raise the question of whether the observed swelling and shrinking of isolated chloroplasts can be explained in terms of simple semipermeable-membrane equilibria.
Concerning practices of interviewers when using anatomical dolls in child protective services investigations

This research provides information on how frontline interviewers actually use anatomical dolls and the types and frequencies of concerning practices attributable to doll use. Based on reviews of 20...
The effects of test and rework operations on the flow of materials in circuit card assembly

Abstract This paper presents a structured approached for analyzing the effects of test and rework operations on material flow in systems that assemble circuit cards. Stages that effect quality (e.g., vendor preparation of components, pooling, assembly processes, and test and rework) are identified and representative models of each are presented. Each product is treated as a composite of multiple components, each of which is vulnerable to a variety of defects. Test is treated as fallible and rework as imperfect. Several procedures that accomplish rework are considered. Examples demonstrate some fundamental effects of test and rework operations on material flow. Management implications for improving material flow are discussed.
Functional localization of cannabinoid receptors and endogenous cannabinoid production in distinct neuron populations of the hippocampus.

The possible localization of cannabinoid (CB) receptors to glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic terminals impinging upon GABAergic interneurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus was examined using the electrophysiological measurement of neurotransmitter release in brain slices. Whereas activation of cannabinoid receptors via the application of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 significantly and dose-dependently reduced evoked IPSCs recorded from interneurons possessing somata located in the stratum radiatum (S.R.) and stratum oriens (S.O.) lamellae, evoked glutamatergic EPSCs were unaffected in both neuronal populations. However, in agreement with previous reports, WIN55,212-2 significantly reduced EPSCs recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons. Additional experiments confirmed that the effects of WIN55,212-2 on IPSCs were presynaptic and that they could be blocked by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. The involvement of endogenous cannabinoids in the presynaptic inhibition of GABA release was also examined in the interneurons and pyramidal cells using a depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) paradigm. DSI was observed in CA1 pyramidal neurons under control conditions, and its incidence was greatly increased by the cholinergic agonist carbachol. However, DSI was not observed in the S.R. or S.O. interneuron populations, in either the presence or absence of carbachol. Whereas DSI was not present in these interneurons, the inhibitory inputs to these cells were modulated by the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2. These data support the hypothesis that cannabinoid receptors are located on inhibitory, but not excitatory, axon terminals impinging upon hippocampal interneurons, and that CA1 pyramidal neurons, and not interneurons, are capable of generating endogenous cannabinoids during prolonged states of depolarization.
Maximal diffusion-distance within skeletal muscle can be estimated from mitochondrial distributions.

Abstract Mitochondrial volume density (V v [mit]) distribution were measured with a test pattern of concentric rings centered upon randomly chosen capillaries in oxidative skeletal muscel cells of two Antarctic fishes, Trematomus newnesi and Notothenia gibberifrons . V v (mit) in both species was highest in the ring closet to the capillary, minimal further from the capillary (at a distance that was characteristic for each species), and rose in the annuli furthest from the capillary. Plots of V v (mit) against total area between each ring and the central capillary fit the form of a second-order polynomial ( r 2 >0.9). If P O2 or blood-borne metabolite concentration predicates the pattern of V v (mit) distribution, minimal V v (mit) is at the same position as the minimum in concentration or gaseous partial pressure of capipllary-supplied commodities. This minimum is the boundary between cylinders of tissue being supplied by adjacent capillaries, and thus delineates the maximal diffusion-distance for capillary-supplied commodities. Maxima diffusion-distance (μm) for T . newnesi = 26.23 ± 1.64; N . gibberifrons = 21.45 ± 0.51. For O 2 , maximal diffusion-distance conventionally is referred to as Krogh's radius, R. With an easily obtained estimate of numerical capillary density, these R values can be used to calculate a capillary tortuosity constant (c[k,0]) and capillary length density (J v [c,f]). c(k,0) values were also determined using an established method, and R and J v (c,f) values calculated from these values did not significantly differ from values determined from mitochondriol distributions. Mitochondriol distribution analysis may more accurately reflect changes in capillary blood flow and heterogeneity of diffusion and solubility constants within muscle than currently existing techniques. Similar distributions of V v (mit) reported for several species of vertebrates suggest wide applicability of the method.
Outside Looking In: Landmark Generalization in the Human Navigational System

The use of landmarks is central to many navigational strategies. Here we use multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to understand how landmarks are coded in the human brain. Subjects were scanned while viewing the interiors and exteriors of campus buildings. Despite their visual dissimilarity, interiors and exteriors corresponding to the same building elicited similar activity patterns in the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and occipital place area (OPA), three regions known to respond strongly to scenes and buildings. Generalization across stimuli depended on knowing the correspondences among them in the PPA but not in the other two regions, suggesting that the PPA is the key region involved in learning the different perceptual instantiations of a landmark. In contrast, generalization depended on the ability to freely retrieve information from memory in RSC, and it did not depend on familiarity or cognitive task in OPA. Together, these results suggest a tripartite division of labor, whereby PPA codes landmark identity, RSC retrieves spatial or conceptual information associated with landmarks, and OPA processes visual features that are important for landmark recognition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A central element of spatial navigation is the ability to recognize the landmarks that mark different places in the world. However, little is known about how the brain performs this function. Here we show that the parahippocampal place area (PPA), a region in human occipitotemporal cortex, exhibits key features of a landmark recognition mechanism. Specifically, the PPA treats different perceptual instantiations of the same landmark as representationally similar, but only when subjects have enough experience to know the correspondences among the stimuli. We also identify two other brain regions that exhibit landmark generalization, but with less sensitivity to familiarity. These results elucidate the brain networks involved in the learning and recognition of navigational landmarks.
Design of liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic processes

Issues related to the conceptual design of liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic (LLPTC) processes are discussed. Based on a generic mathematical model, effects of reaction kinetics and mass transfer on the performance of LLPTC processes are captured in terms of Damkohler numbers. The effects of thermodynamic parameters on the process performance are also discussed. Elucidation of the basic mechanisms leads to the synthesis of two classes of flowsheets for LLPTC processes with recovery and recycle of the phase transfer catalyst. Salient features of operation are identified for both classes. The use of the model in making judicious choices of the reactor phase attributes, the catalyst recovery scheme, the catalyst, and the organic solvent is demonstrated.
A positive energy dynamics and scattering theory for directly interacting relativistic particles

Abstract Starting from the tensor product of N irreducible positive energy representations of the Poincare group describing N free relativistic particles with arbitrary spins and positive masses, we construct an interacting positive energy representation by modifying the total 4-momentum operator. We first make a transformation to a Hilbert space on which the free total 4-momentum operator equals the product of a dimensionless center-of-mass 4-vector ( (|k| 2 + 1) 1 2 , k) and a free “reduced Hamiltonian” Hr0, which is a positive operator acting only on internal variables, and then replace Hr0 by an interacting reduced Hamiltonian Hr = Hr0 + V, where V commutes with the Lorentz group and is such that Hr is a positive operator. The resulting product form is shown to imply that the wave operators interwine the free and interacting representations so that the S-operator is Lorentz invariant. From a physical point of view the scheme is related to the framework first introduced by Bakamjian and Thomas, in which the Hamiltonian and boost generators are modified, but the above procedure makes a mathematically rigorous discussion much simpler. In the spin-zero case we introduce a natural generalization of the pair potentials of nonrelativistic N-particle Schrodinger theory to the present relativistic setting, study its scattering theory, and point out some problems that do not have analogs at the nonrelativistic level. In the spin - 1 2 case we propose, inspired by the Dirac equation, explicit reduced Hamiltonians to describe atomic energy levels and present arguments making plausible that their eigenvalues are in closer agreement with the experimental data than their nonrelativistic counterparts. We also consider extensions to arbitrary spin and, in the spin - 1 2 case, coupling of a quantized radiation field. In view of eventual applications to “completely integrable” one-dimensional field theories the case of one space dimension is studied as well, both in quantum mechanics and in classical mechanics.
Integrated Hybrid-Simulation of Electric Power and Communications Systems

The modern power grid is strongly integrated with its communication network. While a power system primarily consists of elements that are modeled by continuous equations, a communication system has discrete event dynamics. We model the integrated operation of these two systems with a hybrid modeling and simulation technique. Systematically combining continuous and discrete event system models is necessary for correctly simulating critical system behaviors. This paper discusses an approach based on the discrete event system specification (DEVS) that characterizes the interaction of the two systems formally to preserve simulation correctness. We demonstrate the implementation of our integrated hybrid simulation technique with detailed generator and network models in a wide-area cooperative automatic load-control scenario.
Optimal Stopping and Losses on Subprime Mortgages

Lender losses on mortgage loans arise from a two-stage process. In the first stage, the borrower stops making payments if and when default is optimal. The second stage is a lengthy and costly period during which the lender employs legal remedies to obtain possession and execute a sale of the collateral. This research uses data on subprime mortgage losses to explore the role of borrower and collateral characteristics, and local legal requirements, as well as traditional option variables in the decisions of borrowers and lenders. Although subprime borrowers default earlier, which should reduce lender losses, these borrowers, nevertheless, impose greater realized losses on mortgage lenders.
Regulating Systemic Risk: Towards an Analytical Framework

Systemic risk management is at the forefront of financial regulatory agendas worldwide. The global financial crisis was a powerful demonstration of the inability and unwillingness of financial market participants to carry out the task of safeguarding the stability of the financial system. It also highlighted the enormous direct and indirect costs of addressing systemic crises after they have occurred, as opposed to attempting to prevent them from arising. Governments and international organizations are responding with measures intended to make the financial system more resilient to economic shocks, many of which will be implemented by regulatory bodies over time. These measures suffer, however, from the lack of a theoretical account of how systemic risk propagates within the financial system and why regulatory intervention is needed to disrupt it. In this Article, we address this deficiency by examining how systemic risk is transmitted. We then proceed to explain why, in the absence of regulation, market participants are poorly situated to disrupt the transmission of systemic risk. Finally, we advance a regulatory framework for correcting that market failure.
KRAS Mutations and Primary Resistance of Lung Adenocarcinomas to Gefitinib or Erlotinib

Background Somatic mutations in the gene for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in adenocarcinomas of the lung and are associated with sensitivity to the kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva). Lung adenocarcinomas also harbor activating mutations in the downstream GTPase, KRAS, and mutations in EGFR and KRAS appear to be mutually exclusive.
DQ 65–79, A Peptide Derived from HLA Class II, Mimics p21 to Block T Cell Proliferation

DQ 65–79, a peptide derived from residues 65–79 of the α-chain HLA class II molecule DQA03011, blocks T cell proliferation and induces T cell apoptosis. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we previously identified proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) as an intracellular ligand for DQ 65–79. In this study, we show that three regions of PCNA, residues 81–100, 121–140, and 241–261, interact with DQ 65–79. Residues 241–261 of PCNA also interact with the C terminus (residues 139–160) of the cell cycle regulator, p21, suggesting that DQ 65–79 and p21 might function similarly. We show here that DQ 65–79 competitively inhibits binding of p21 to PCNA and that both DQ 65–79 and p21 139–160 induce T cell apoptosis, suggesting that DQ 65–79 and p21 act similarly to inhibit cell growth.
An embedded multiprocessor computer for proof-of-principle testing of exploratory systems concepts

This paper discusses the SANDAC V multiprocessor embedded computer hardware and software. Its expandable design provides adequate computing power for testing of various proof-of-principle (POP) exploratory system concepts. It is built from state-of-the-art integrated circuits with ASIC glue chips. A powerful software development system, multiprocessor on-board debugger, and a multitasking operating system kernel provide a user friendly software environment to complement the hardware. Statement of Problem Many exploratory systems concepts need a test bed to prove out the feasibility of applying theory to real-world problems. Often, when there are packaging constraints such as in a re-entry vehicle; the ruggedness, power consumption, size, extensibility, and computational capability of the available embedded computer limit the scope of the experiment. The software development time for complex sophisticated experiments must be short to be able to meet stringent deadlines and budget considerations.
Exciter Impedance and Cross-Axis Sensor Sensitivity Issues in FRF Estimation

This paper studies the effect of shaker impedance and the way this parameter can affect the frequency response measurement (FRF) on structures. Three different shaker designs were used for this study to better understand the effect of the shaker impedance on the force transmissibility characteristic function. Analytical MKC models are used to derive equations and then the experiments were conducted to validate the model. Another effect that is studied here briefly is the cross-sensitivity of the sensors when subjected to lateral forces (or displacements) and bending. It is shown that this effect will lead to non-repeatable measurements, especially in the case of impedance heads.
Incidence of Bloodstream Infections Due to Candida Species and In Vitro Susceptibilities of Isolates Collected from 1998 to 2000 in a Population-Based Active Surveillance Program

To determine the incidence of Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) and antifungal drug resistance, population-based active laboratory surveillance was conducted from October 1998 through September 2000 in two areas of the United States (Baltimore, Md., and the state of Connecticut; combined population, 4.7 million). A total of 1,143 cases were detected, for an average adjusted annual incidence of 10 per 100,000 population or 1.5 per 10,000 hospital days. In 28% of patients, Candida BSI developed prior to or on the day of admission; only 36% of patients were in an intensive care unit at the time of diagnosis. No fewer than 78% of patients had a central catheter in place at the time of diagnosis, and 50% had undergone surgery within the previous 3 months. Candida albicans comprised 45% of the isolates, followed by C. glabrata (24%), C. parapsilosis (13%), and C. tropicalis (12%). Only 1.2% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC, ≥64 μg/ml), compared to 7% of C. glabrata isolates and 6% of C. tropicalis isolates. Only 0.9% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC, ≥1 μg/ml), compared to 19.5% of C. glabrata isolates and 6% of C. tropicalis isolates. Only 4.3% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to flucytosine (MIC, ≥32 μg/ml), compared to <1% of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis isolates and no C. glabrata isolates. As determined by E-test, the MICs of amphotericin B were ≥0.38 μg/ml for 10% of Candida isolates, ≥1 μg/ml for 1.7% of isolates, and ≥2 μg/ml for 0.4% of isolates. Our findings highlight changes in the epidemiology of Candida BSI in the 1990s and provide a basis upon which to conduct further studies of selected high-risk subpopulations.
Free space management for cut-based placement

IP blocks and large macro cells are increasingly prevalent in physical design, actually causing an increase in the available free space for the dust logic. We observe that top-down placement based on recursive bisection with multilevel partitioning performs poorly on these porous designs. However, analytic solvers have the ability to find the natural distribution of cells in the layout. Consequently, we propose an enhancement to cut-based placement called Analytic Constraint Generation (ACG). ACG utilizes an analytic engine to set constraints for the multi-level partitioner. We show that for real industry designs, ACG significantly improves the performance of cut-based placement, as implemented within a state-of-the-art industrial placer.
Elevated baseline plasma phospholipid protein (PLTP) levels are an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and known or suspected coronary artery disease.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the long-term prognostic significance of baseline plasma PLTP levels in a group of well-characterized male patients with diabetes mellitus and known or suspected coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography. Background PLTP is a plasma protein that mediates the net transfer and exchange of phospholipids between lipoproteins. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and elevated plasma levels have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Baseline plasma PLTP levels were measured in 154 male patients with diabetes mellitus who were referred for coronary angiography and followed prospectively for 5 years for the development of all-cause mortality. Results After adjustment for a variety of baseline clinical, angiographic and laboratory parameters, plasma PLTP levels (analyzed as a continuous variable) were an independent predictor of all-cause mortality at 5 years (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.22–2.00; P = 0.0009). Furthermore, in 3 additional multivariate models that also included a wide variety of contemporary biomarkers with established prognostic efficacy (i.e., ST2, GDF-15, Cystatin C, Fibrinogen, and NT-proBNP), PLTP remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality at 5 years. Conclusions Elevated baseline plasma levels of PLTP are associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes and known or suspected coronary disease. Furthermore, this association is independent of a variety of clinical, angiographic, and laboratory variables, including a whole host of contemporary biomarkers with established prognostic efficacy.
Aspects of a product model supporting apparel virtual enterprises

Emerging computer technology, including an infrastructure for virtual enterprises and more capable apparel product development software, is providing an opportunity to re‐invent how apparel is produced. The development of an information‐rich and unambiguous garment product model would help realize this opportunity This product model would improve the effectiveness of product development software and enhance the industry′s ability to distribute work in virtual enterprises. Suggests what such a product mode should contain, how it can be developed and how it would be utilized throughout the product development life cycle to enable apparel virtual enterprises.
Scalp paraffinoma underlying squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract We report the case of an 84-year-old man with multiple squamous cell carcinomas located on his bald scalp, arising in association with underlying paraffinoma. Histologically, poorly differentiated, acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas were located above characteristic pseudocystic spaces. Carcinomas have been reported in association with penile and breast paraffinomas, but we are unaware of any reports of squamous cell carcinoma arising over a scalp paraffinoma.
‘A world turned upside down’: Emotional labour and the professional dominatrix:

The professional dominatrix, who has been underrepresented in the literature on sex work, complicates our understanding of the emotional labour of sex work. The professional dominatrix is paid by c...
Protein phosphatases in pancreatic islets

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. A cardinal feature of most forms of diabetes is the lack of insulin-producing capability, due to the loss of insulin-producing β-cells, impaired glucose-sensitive insulin secretion from the β-cell, or a combination thereof, the reasons for which largely remain elusive. Reversible phosphorylation is an important and versatile mechanism for regulating the biological activity of many intracellular proteins, which, in turn, controls a variety of cellular functions. For instance, significant changes in protein kinase activities and in protein phosphorylation patterns occur subsequent to the stimulation of insulin release by glucose. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms regulating the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the insulin secretory process by the β-cell have been extensively investigated. However, far less is known about the role and regulation of protein dephosphorylation by various protein phosphatases. Herein, we review extant data implicating serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases in various aspects of healthy and diabetic islet biology, ranging from control of hormonal stimulus-secretion coupling to mitogenesis and apoptosis.
Aggregated Seed Dispersal by Spider Monkeys Limits Recruitment to Clumped Patterns in Virola calophylla

The initial spatial pattern of seed deposition influences plant population and community structure, particularly when that pattern persists through recruitment. In a vertebratedispersed rain forest tree, Virola calophylla, we found that spatially aggregated seed deposition strongly influenced the spatial structure of later stages. Seed dispersion was clumped, and seed densities were highest underneath V. calophylla females and the sleeping sites of spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus), the key dispersal agent. Although these site types had the lowest per capita seed-to-seedling survival, they had the highest seedling/sapling densities. Conversely, seed and seedling/sapling densities were lowest, and seed survival was highest, at sites of diurnal seed dispersal by spider monkeys. Negative density-dependent and positive distance-dependent seed survival thinned seed clumps. Nonetheless, the clumped dispersion at sleeping and parental sites persisted to the seedling/sapling stage because differences in seed deposition were large enough to offset differences in seed survival among these site types.
Care of the infant with gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory disease: After the ■ nissen fundoplication ■

In cases of severe gastroesophageal reflux with failed medical management over a period of 3 to 6 months and/or extreme aggravation of respiratory disease, surgical intervention is necessary. The operative choice in infants and the most commonly used and successful surgery for the control of gastroesophageal reflux is the Nissen fundoplication. Care of the infant with a Nissen fundoplication should be focused on meeting the needs of the infant and the family. An understanding of the disease process, effects of fundoplication, and family process are essential for the nurse practitioner in planning care for these infants and their families.
Evaluating Company Growth By Excluding The Earnings Report

For most financial analyst, the challenge of evaluating growth for a company is multifaceted. The first one has to do with the understanding the trajectory of the growth. In most cases, the growth is evaluated by using the income statement, debt ratio, balance sheet, market share, general market condition, and product cycle (Gibson, 2009; Gitman, 2009). The growth trajectory can also be traced by looking at the management strategies (Mayo, 2007). In this case, none of the numbers in traditional calculations is taken into account and the conclusion on the growth trajectory is estimated simply by evaluating management strategies. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that ignoring traditional calculations is realistic and applicable in evaluating many companies on the way to recovery.
Attenuated Francisella novicida transposon mutants protect mice against wild-type challenge.

Francisella tularensis is the bacterial pathogen that causes tularemia in humans and a number of animals. To date, there is no approved vaccine for this widespread and life-threatening disease. The goal of this study was to identify F. tularensis mutants that can be used in the development of a live attenuated vaccine. We screened F. novicida transposon mutants to identify mutants that exhibited reduced growth in mouse macrophages, as these cells are the preferred host cells of Francisella and an essential component of the innate immune system. This approach yielded 16 F. novicida mutants that were 100-fold more attenuated for virulence in a mouse model than the wild-type parental strain. These mutants were then tested to determine their abilities to protect mice against challenge with high doses of wild-type bacteria. Five of the 16 attenuated mutants (with mutations corresponding to dsbB, FTT0742, pdpB, fumA, and carB in the F. tularensis SCHU S4 strain) provided mice with protection against challenge with high doses (>8 × 105 CFU) of wild-type F. novicida. We believe that these findings will be of use in the design of a vaccine against tularemia.
The cell cycle inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 are associated with survival in patients treated by salvage prostatectomy after radiation therapy.

We evaluated p27 KIP1 and p21 WAF1 expression in 52 patients treated by salvage radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for biopsy-proven locally persistent or recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy. We defined low and high expression based on the median value observed in our sample. Five-year distant metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival were 71 and 82%, respectively, for patients with low expression of p21 (≤5%), compared with 94 and 100%, respectively, for those with high expression of p21 (>5%; P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Five-year distant metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival were 71 and 82%, respectively, for patients with low expression of p27 (<50%), compared with 88 and 96%, respectively, for those with high expression of p27 (≥50%; P = 0.06 and 0.01, respectively). These findings indicate that p21 and p27 expression levels are significant predictors of survival for patients selected for salvage prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori and fecal indicator bacteria in five North American rivers

This study examines the use of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) as a predictor of the presence of Helicobacter spp. A combination of standard culture and molecular techniques were used to detect and quantify FIB, Helicobacter spp. and H. pylori from five North American rivers of different size and with different land use characteristics. Primers designed to amplify genes specific to Helicobacter spp. and H. pylori were evaluated for their efficacy in detection and quantification in environmental samples. Helicobacter spp. were detected in 18/33 (55%) of river samples. H. pylori was detected in 11/33 (33%) of river samples. FIB were found in 32/33 (96%) of river samples. When FIB abundance exceeded USEPA water quality standards for single samples, Helicobacter or H. pylori were detected in 7/15 (47%) cases. No numerical correlation was found between the presence of FIB and either Helicobacter spp. or H. pylori. This suggests that the presence of FIB will be of limited use for detection of Helicobacter spp. or H. pylori by public health agencies.
Nitrogen compound distribution in a heating oil

Abstract A Number 1 fuel heating oil was studied for the organo‐nitrogen content. The organo‐nitrogen compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. Three extracts were studied ‐ a basic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride, a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methyl alcohol and a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride. The major constituents of each extract were identified by GC/MS. There were seven major classes of nitrogen compounds detected in each extract. These compounds included alkyl‐substituted carbazoles, indoles, pyrazines, pyridines, pyrroles, quinolines and tetrahydroquinolines. The nitrogen content and distribution was compared to both tar‐sands and shale derived fuels.
The Role of Compensation Criteria to Minimize Face-Time Bias and Support Faculty Career Flexibility: An Approach to Enhance Career Satisfaction in Academic Pathology

Work-life balance is important to recruitment and retention of the younger generation of medical faculty, but medical school flexibility policies have not been fully effective. We have reported that our school's policies are underutilized due to faculty concerns about looking uncommitted to career or team. Since policies include leaves and accommodations that reduce physical presence, faculty may fear "face-time bias," which negatively affects evaluation of those not "seen" at work. Face-time bias is reported to negatively affect salary and career progress. We explored face-time bias on a leadership level and described development of compensation criteria intended to mitigate face-time bias, raise visibility, and reward commitment and contribution to team/group goals. Leaders from 6 partner departments participated in standardized interviews and group meetings. Ten compensation plans were analyzed, and published literature was reviewed. Leaders did not perceive face-time issues but saw team pressure and perception of availability as performance motivators. Compensation plans were multifactor productivity based with many quantifiable criteria; few addressed team contributions. Using these findings, novel compensation criteria were developed based on a published model to mitigate face-time bias associated with team perceptions. Criteria for organizational citizenship to raise visibility and reward group outcomes were included. We conclude that team pressure and perception of availability have the potential to lead to bias and may contribute to underuse of flexibility policies. Recognizing organizational citizenship and cooperative effort via specific criteria in a compensation plan may enhance a culture of flexibility. These novel criteria have been effective in one pilot department.