cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radial averaging of domains, estimates for Dirichlet integrals and applications

RADIAL AVERAGING OF DOMAINS, ESTIMATES FOR DIRICHLET INTEGRALS AND APPLICATIONS by Moshe Marcus Let & = {D,,...,D } be a family of domains in the plane, containing the origin. We define a radial averaging transformation R. on S by which we obtain a starlike domain D . When & is such that the domains D,,...^ are obtained from a fixed domain D by rotation or reflexion, ft. becomes j\ a radial symmetrization. One of the results we present is an inequality relating the conformal radius of D to the conformal radii of D, ,...,D at the origin. This result includes, as particular cases, the radial symmetrization results of Szego [11] (for starlike domains), Marcus [7] (for general domains) and Aharonov and Kirwan [1]. The inequality for the conformal radii is obtained via an inequality for conformal capacities, which seems to be of independent interest. A number of applications in the theory of functions are discussed. Here we introduce a definition of a class of functions {f}, analytic in the unit disk | §| 0 the set CL (f^) is open (relative to M) and that for 0 0.) We now keep j fixed. Let P1 = (x- y-Jefi . Kt(f.) and x x x a ^ D j f . ( P ) = A , . Denote by Kc(P,) the open d i s k of r a d i u s 6, c e n t e r e d at I>1. If 0 X ("X A ) 4r6 (x -x ) Since this holds for every j, we obtain (under the same assumptions) (1-9) **(x ,A ) ^l*(x ^ ) + [S (x.-x ) ] 1 / . From (1.9) it follows that: (1.10) |f*(P)-f*(P' ) | (i = 1,2), in na, b,(f*) such that: (1.11) |PX-P2 | = 6 k6. Suppose f*(P1) A2 and A + k5 £*(x2,A2). On the other hand inequality (1.9) holds for these values of X T > X 2 > ^ T * ^ 9 ' H e n c e we obtain: 2 > l + t 6 -( i2 ) 2 ] 1 / 2 -* I1"2 > ' which is a contradiction to (1.11). Definition 1.3. Let feB(M) and denote: = {(x5y) |0 < f(x,y) < 1} PI M; YA(f) = {(x,y) |f(x,y) = A} 0 M, 0 < A < 1. A Suppose that f€C(Q(f)). Let PQ = (xQ,y0) be an interior point of Cl(f) and f (PQ) = AQ. We shall say that PQ is a regular point of f, if Sf/5y j4 0 at all the points of the set Y-x PI {x = xQ} and if this set is contained in the interior of fi(f). Otherwise we shall say that PQ is a critical point and AQ a critical value of f on x = x . Lemma 1.2. Let feB(M) n C(n(f)). Suppose that AQ, (0 < 7\Q < 1) , is not a critical value of f on x = x , (0 < xQ < 1) . Then l(x,~k;±) eC in a neighborhood of (xQ,A ) . Proof. Since feB(M), y-v intersects the line x = xn at a 0 finite number of points {p. , . . . ,P.} . Let P. = (x ,y.) and suppose that y, < y2 <...< y,. Then the sequence has alternating signs. Let y. = y.(x,A) be the inverse function (with respect to *j «J y) of A = f(x,y), in a neighborhood of p.. Then for
Mechanical Stretch Up-regulates MicroRNA-26a and Induces Human Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy by Suppressing Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β

Airway smooth muscle hypertrophy is one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling in severe asthma. Several human diseases have been now associated with dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Here, we identify miR-26a as a hypertrophic miRNA of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We show that stretch selectively induces the transcription of miR-26a located in the locus 3p21.3 of human chromosome 3. The transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) directly activates miR-26a expression through the transcriptional machinery upon stretch. Furthermore, stretch or enforced expression of miR-26a induces HASMC hypertrophy, and miR-26 knockdown reverses this effect, suggesting that miR-26a is a hypertrophic gene. We identify glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), an anti-hypertrophic protein, as a target gene of miR-26a. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that miR-26a directly interact with the 3′-untranslated repeat of the GSK-3β mRNA. Stretch or enforced expression of miR-26a attenuates the endogenous GSK-3β protein levels followed by the induction of HASMC hypertrophy. miR-26 knockdown reverses this effect, suggesting that miR-26a-induced hypertrophy occurs via its target gene GSK-3β. Overall, as a first time, our study unveils that miR-26a is a mechanosensitive gene, and it plays an important role in the regulation of HASMC hypertrophy.
NONMET II: A Program for the Analysis of Contingency Tables and other Types of Nonmetric Data by Weighted Least Squares

If the lioF indicates that the dummy variable model adequately represents the data (i.e., all significant specification error has been removed), complex hypotheses based upon the model parameters may be tested by means of the general linear hypothesis: The user then specifies a series of dummy variables to represent the effect of the independent variables (factors) that define the original table. The program will then obtain estimates of model parameters from the general linear model:
Impact of Multiple Types of Childhood Trauma Exposure on Risk of Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Alcoholic Inpatients

BACKGROUND: This study examined the prevalence of single- and multiple-type childhood trauma exposure (CTE) among alcoholic patients undergoing inpatient detoxification and treatment. The relationships between various types of CTE and lifetime psychiatric comorbidities and suicide attempts were also explored. METHODS: A total of 196 alcoholic inpatients were assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for CTE history. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CTE in the entire sample was high (55.1%). Specifically, the prevalence of emotional abuse was 21.4%, physical abuse 31.1%, sexual abuse 24.0%, emotional neglect 20.4%, and physical neglect 19.9%. Regarding multiple types of CTE, 31.7 and 18.9% reported at least 2 and at least 3 CTE types, respectively. Strikingly, among those with at least 1 positive CTQ category, more than half reported 2 or more CTE types. A history of emotional abuse increased the risk of mood disorder, in particular major depressive disorder, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical abuse contributed to the prediction of suicide attempts, while sexual abuse was associated with a diagnosis of anxiety disorder, PTSD, and multiple comobidities (e.g., anxiety and mood disorder). The number of reported CTE types or the total score of the CTQ predicted an increased risk of having single or multiple psychiatric comorbidities as well as suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high rates of a broad range of CTE types and a trend for CTE-specific enhancement of risk for various psychiatric outcomes among alcoholic inpatients. Of note, a dose-response relationship between number of CTE types and risk of psychiatric comorbidities as well as suicide attempts was found. We suggest a wide range of CTE should be included when exploring the effects of CTE or developing prevention and treatment strategies among alcoholic subjects. Language: en
Lower limb alignment control: is it more challenging in lateral compared to medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty?

Abstract Introduction Limb alignment after unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) has a significant impact on outcomes. The literature lacks lateral UKA alignment studies, making our understanding of this issue based on medial UKA. Methods We evaluated limb alignment in 241 patients who underwent medial (229 knees) or lateral (37 knees) UKA. Alignment was measured pre and postoperatively in radiographs and intra-operatively using a navigation system. We compared the percentage of over-correction and the difference between post-operative alignment and navigation measurement. Results Percentage of overcorrection was significantly higher in the lateral UKAs (11%) compared to the medial UKAs (4%). In medial UKAs, the mean difference between the intraoperative alignment and the post-operative was 1.33°. This was significantly lower than the mean 1.86° difference in the lateral UKAs. Conclusions Our data demonstrated an increased risk of “overcorrection,” and greater difficulty in predicting postoperative alignment using computer navigation, when performing lateral UKAs compared to medial UKAs.
Twelve Easy Steps to Becoming an Effective Teaching Assistant

What does it take to be an effective teaching assistant in political science? This is a subject of interest not only to first time graduate teaching assistants, but also to the professors who make use of them, the directors of undergraduate studies who must live with their results, and the directors of graduate studies who must help prepare them for their first teaching jobs. But while the subject of training graduate students to teach is of live interest to numerous people, comparatively little direct attention has been accorded it. While 83% of graduate students say that “enjoyment of teaching” was one of the factors that lead them to enroll in graduate school, a significantly smaller percentage believe that their departments adequately prepare them to serve as teaching assistants, much less to take up the responsibilities of full-time college professors (Golde and Dore 2001). And while research on teaching has exploded since 1998, the chief focus of this research and publication has tended to be on civic education, curriculum development, and the use of technology in the classroom (Kehl 2002). Indeed, no article in PS since its inception in 1968 has ever directly taken up the topic of what sort of characteristics and practices, in general, contribute to making an effective teaching assistant.The author would like to thank the Kaneb Center for Teaching and Learning at the University of Notre Dame for providing the initial spark to this article by inviting him to participate in a panel discussion on becoming an effective teaching assistant. He would also like to thank Walter Nicgorski for encouraging him to turn his presentation into an article and for reading and commenting upon several drafts. Finally, he would like to thank Steve Yoder of PS and the two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions have considerably strengthened the final product.
DNA Repair and the Evolution of Transformation in the Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis

The purpose of the work reported here is to test the hypothesis that natural genetic transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis has evolved as a DNA repair system. Specifically, tests were made to determine whether transformation functions to provide DNA template for the bacteria] cell to use in recombinational repair. The survivorship and the homologous transformation rate as a function of dose of ultraviolet irradiation (UV) was studied in two experimental treatments, in which cells were either transformed before (DNA-UV), or after (UV-DNA), treatment with UV. The results show that there is a qualitative difference in the relationship between the survival of transformed cells (sexual cells) and total cells (primarily asexual cells) in the two treatments. As predicted by the repair hypothesis, in the UV-DNA treatment, transformed cells had greater average survivorship than total cells, while in the DNA-UV treatment this relationship was reversed. There was also a consistent and qualitative difference between the UV-DNA and DNA-UV treatments in the relationship between the homologous transformation rate (transformed cells/total cells) and UV dosage. As predicted by the repair hypothesis, the homologous transformation rate increases with UV dose in the UV-DNA experiments but decreases with UV dose in the DNA-UV treatments. However, the transformation rate for plasmid DNA does not increase in a UV-DNA treatment. These results support the DNA repair hypothesis for the evolution of transformation in particular, and sex generally.
Southeast Alaska: oceanographic habitats and linkages

We provide an overview of the physical oceanographic and geological processes that affect marine biological habitats and production in the marine waters throughout the archipelago and continental shelf of Southeast Alaska. Given the paucity of regional data, our overview summarizes work done in adjacent regions of the Gulf of Alaska shelf and basin, and draws on research carried out in similar settings elsewhere. The geological setting, which critically influences the regional meteorology and oceanography, includes a narrow continental shelf, deep channels that permeate the archipelago, fjords, glaciers and a rugged, mountainous coast. The large-scale meteorology is influenced primarily by seasonal variations in the intensity and position of the Aleutian Low. Winds, freshwater runoff, tides and cross-shelf exchange control the regional oceanography. The large-scale flow field advects mass, heat, salt, nutrients and planktonic organisms northward from British Columbia (and even further south) to the northern Gulf of Alaska along the slope, shelf, and within the channels of Southeast Alaska. The deep channels permeating the island archipelago and narrow continental shelf facilitate communication between basin and interior waters. Water properties and flow fields are subject to large annual variations in response to similarly large variations in winds and coastal freshwater discharge. The complex geological setting leads to large spatial heterogeneity in the physical processes controlling the local circulation fields and mixing, thereby creating numerous and diverse marine biological habitats. These various circulation and mixing processes modify substantially Southeast Alaska water masses and thus influence marine ecosystem processes downstream over the northern and western Gulf of Alaska shelf.
Skill assessment of a hydrodynamic model of circulation over the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf

A numerical hydrodynamic simulation of the Texas–Louisiana continental shelf circulation is compared with hydrographic and moored observations of temperature, salinity, and current velocity. The spatial and temporal structure of the model error suggests that the model is able to reproduce the observed broad-scale features and seasonal patterns faithfully. However, there are energetic features that have small spatial and temporal scales, 30–50 km and 5–12 days, that are not reproduced in the model. These small-scale features are not well resolved concurrently in both space and time by most modern hydrographic and moored measurements, and thus appear as observational noise when comparing observations with numerical simulations. We demonstrate that these features are reproduced statistically within the model in terms of mean and variance, but are not reproduced exactly. Thus, these features create a substantial noise floor that constrain assessments of model skill to large spatial and temporal scales. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Systemische Induktionschemotherapie bei fortgeschrittenem epithelialem Ovarialkarzinom

Das epitheliale Ovarialkarzinom stellt (mit Ausnahme von Keimzelltumoren) bekanntlich den solidesten Tumor mit der hochsten Sensitivitat gegenuber traditionellen zytotoxischen Chemotherapeutika dar. Die inharente Sensitivitat des Ovarialkarzinoms ist in der Tat seit mehr als 50 Jahren bekannt, seit Veroffentlichung der ersten Ergebnisse von Humanstudien zur Untersuchung von Antikrebs- Wirkstoffen, die ursprunglich als chemische Kampfstoffe entwickelt wurden [1, 2].
Effects of Consolidation History on Critical State of Sand

A series of drained biaxial compression tests were conducted on two sands to determine the effects of consolidation history on their critical states. Specimens of each sand were consolidated along at least two separate paths in void ratio-effective stress space, creating several unique consolidation histories. Because the sands were dilative, strains localized during shearing and the evolution to critical state occurred only within the shear band. Digital images were obtained through a plexiglass sidewall throughout each test. Digital image correlation techniques were used to quantify the displacements within the band, and a linear regression technique was used to formulate a displacement function from which strains were computed. The critical state was achieved within the shear band in each test, but the critical state line was found to depend on the initial state and subsequent consolidation history of the sand specimens.
On Hyperbolic Programming with a Single Constraint and Upper-Bounded Variables

The hyperbolic or fractional linear programming problem with only one aggregate constraint is solved by a simple and extremely efficient algorithm. The core step in the iterative procedure is the optimization of a linear function subject to a single linear constraint.
Data Tables for Lorentz and CPT Violation

This work tabulates measured and derived values of coefficients for Lorentz and $CPT$ violation in the standard-model extension. Summary tables are extracted listing maximal attained sensitivities in the matter, photon, and gravity sectors. Tables presenting definitions and properties are also compiled.
The Final Form of Kant's Practical Philosophy

Many of Immanuel Kant’s chief works in the early 1790s are devoted to practical philosophy. The Critique of Judgment’s treatment of taste and teleology is concerned both with moral psychology and with the view of the world that a morally disposed person should take. In The Metaphysics of Morals, Kant conceives of ordinary moral reasoning as the prioritizing, weighing, and balancing of duties—and of the obligating reasons based on them. Some duties require specific actions or omissions; others, the wide or imperfect duties, require only the setting of ends. In the Groundwork, Kant proposes to identify and establish the supreme principle of morality. Kant in fact offers a system of three formulas: the first identifying the principle by the form of universal law, the second by the motive of the end in itself, and the third by the complete determination of maxims contained in the idea of autonomy or the rational will as universally legislative for a realm of ends.
Androgen replacement after curative radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in hypogonadal men.

ABSTRACT Purpose: We documented the experience of 2 urology practices with the use of testosterone supplementation to treat hypogonadal men who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. We also reviewed the literature for reports of the use of testosterone in men surgically cured of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of clinical records of 2 busy private urology practices was used to compile brief case histories of hypogonadal men treated with testosterone who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Using MEDLINE and BIOSIS Previews (Biological Abstracts, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), the literature was searched for articles describing the use of testosterone in men surgically cured of organ confined prostate cancer. Results: The case records of 7 hypogonadal men who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy were identified. All men had clinical symptoms of hypogonadism and low serum testosterone levels. Each man was treated with an androgen preparation. After variable followup periods no biochemical or clinical evidence of cancer recurrence was found in any of the group. No reports in the literature were found of a similar therapeutic approach for such patients. Conclusions: Based on the clinical experience with this small group of men, and indirect evidence of the safety of this approach from epidemiological and clinical data, further cautious use of testosterone in a carefully selected population seems warranted.
Synthesis of local anesthetics derived from cumic and 3-nitrocumic acids.

The methods of synthesis of a number of dialkylaminoalkanol esters of cumic and 3-nitrocumic acids are presented. A number of the physical constants of these compounds are included. All of these esters have local anesthetic properties. The esters of 3-nitrocumic acid showed this action to a lesser degree.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a method of thermal ablation that is gaining popularity as an acceptable alternative to radical therapy in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Through converging high-energy ultrasound waves, HIFU causes precise coagulative necrosis such that it avoids harm to outside structures and limits the morbidity (primarily urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction) that occurs with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation therapy. Despite being originally pioneered as a method for primary whole-gland ablation in men who may otherwise not be candidates for radical therapy, it is now being tested as a means of focal therapy, particularly when combined with novel MR-imaging techniques, or as salvage therapy following surgical or radiation failure. Its primary advantage remains that it is a repeatable therapy, making it a versatile option either in isolation or as an adjunct to more traditional approaches.
Expansion and Implications of Newborn Screening

Newborn screening (NBS) for phenylketonuria in the early 1960s represented a veritable revolution in public health. It added population screening for prevention of intellectual disability to public health that had been limited to testing and epidemiological follow-up of infectious diseases. Over time, NBS has progressively expanded with additional metabolic and non-metabolic disorders in which early pre-symptomatic detection allows prevention of developmental disability or death. NBS continues to evolve with programs in development to screen for an unprecedented number of conditions. Previously, untreatable conditions, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Fragile X syndrome, have new treatments emerging and are now under debate for screening. The criteria of Wilson and Jungner, previously used to justify screening, are being applied to technologies that allow far more screening options than when these criteria were developed. Genomic and DNA-based NBS could accelerate expansion, though with serious challenges related to cost, ethics, infrastructure, and education.
Comparison of submuscular and open plating of pediatric femur fractures: a retrospective review.

Background Plate osteosynthesis is an accepted method of treatment of pediatric femur fractures. Historically, open plating has been used. Submuscular bridge plating has gained recent popularity due to the theoretical advantages of decreased operative time, decreased blood loss, and decreased risk for infection. The purpose of this study was to compare submuscular bridge plating to open plating of pediatric femur fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 79 patients (80 treated femur fractures) between 1999 and 2011 that underwent either open plating (58 femur fractures) or submuscular bridge plating (22 femur fractures). The outcome measures evaluated were operative time, estimated blood loss, malunion, leg length discrepancy, time to union, infection, unplanned return to the operating room, and length of hospital stay after surgery. Results Among our outcome measures, there was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of operative time, leg length discrepancy, time to union, infection, or length of hospital stay after surgery. There was greater estimated blood loss in the open plating group (P≤0.0001) and greater rotational asymmetry in the submuscular bridge plating group (P=0.005). There was a trend of increased unplanned return to the operating room in the open plating group (5/58 vs. 0/22) although not statistically significant (P=0.32). Conclusions Submuscular bridge plating and open plating seem to be equally viable options for the management of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures. In this study, open plating had an increase in estimated blood loss and a trend of more unplanned returns to the operating room, whereas submuscular bridge plating had an increase in asymptomatic rotational asymmetry. Further larger, prospective, randomized studies are necessary to further evaluate these operative techniques. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level III.
Density Functional Theory Studies of the Electronic Structure of Solid State Actinide Oxides

The actinide oxides have been extensively studied in the context of the nuclear fuel cycle. They are also of fundamental interest as members of a class of strongly correlated materials, the Mott insulators. Their complex physical and chemical properties make them challenging systems to characterize, both experimentally and theoretically. Chiefly, this is because actinide oxides can exhibit both electronic localization and electronic delocalization and have partially occupied f orbitals, which can lead to multiple possibilities for ground states. Of particular concern for theoretical work is that the large number of competing states display strong correlations which are dffcult to capture with computationally tractable methods.
Passive Immunity in Neonatal Dogs

The transfer of colostrum from the bitch to the pup in the first 48 hours of life is critical to the overall health of the neonatal dogs.It has been stated that pups that did not receive colostrum in the first 2 days after birth as well as those that received colostrum with specific immunoglobulins in low concentraion,be given the superimmunized combined canine antiserum.In this study thirty-five hybridized pups were obtained from 5 bitched.The pups were allotted to 5 groups at birth.Group A was a control group and was allowed to suckle colostrum.Group B D pups received 30 mL /kg of superimmunized combined canine antiserum by OR route at birth.Group C E pups received 30 mL /Kg of superimmunized combined canine antiserum by SC route at birth.Group D E pups were allowed to suckle colostrum also.Group B C were separated from the bitch for 48 hours to prevent colostral abtibody absorption and were fed a commercially available milk replacer by oral or stomach tube.Blood samples were collected from all of the pups at birth,on day 2(48 hours) and day 5.The hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of canine parvovirus,parainfluenza virus,and infectious hepatitis virus were determinted by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test.The results indicated that pups receiving colostrum in the first 2 days after birth can be passively immunised using the superimmunized combined canine antiserum by OR or SC route(groupB C).The pups receive colostrum but specific immunoglobulin in low concentrations,be given the superimmunized combined canine antiserum by OR or SC route also can raise the specific immunoglobulin concentrations(group-DE).
Quantum cascade laser on silicon

The mid-infrared spectral region, 2–20 μm, is of great interest for sensing and detection applications, in part because the vibrational transition energies of numerous molecules fall in that region. Silicon photonics is a promising technology to address many of these applications on a single integrated, low-cost platform. Near-infrared light sources, heterogeneously integrated on silicon, have existed for more than a decade, and there have been numerous incorporations of mid-infrared optical devices on silicon platforms. However, no lasers fully integrated onto silicon have previously been demonstrated for wavelengths longer than 2.0 μm. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first quantum cascade lasers on silicon emitting 4.8 μm light, integrated with silicon-on-nitride-on-insulator (SONOI) waveguides, and operating in pulsed mode at room temperature. The broadband and versatile nature of both quantum cascade lasers and the SONOI platform suggests that this development can be expanded to build photonic integrated circuits throughout the near- and mid-infrared on the same chip.
Assessing the sun glint effect on the data bias of CrIS shortwave surface channels near 3.7 μm

The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership NPP satellite was successfully launched on 28 October 2011. The on-board Cross-track Infrared Sounder CrIS provides the hyperspectral infrared radiance covering a spectral range of 3.92–15.4 μm, inheriting the task to improve numerical weather prediction NWP from previous hyperspectral sounders. The so-called sun glint effect results in large biases in CrIS shortwave surface channels near 3.7 μm and therefore impedes the usage of those channels in the operational data assimilation, because the data biases are required to be evaluated appropriately by any data assimilation system. This work assesses the sun glint effect on bias characteristics of those shortwave surface channels near 3.7 μm, with the help of a sun glint model developed in the community radiative transfer model CRTM. It is demonstrated that the daytime biases of those shortwave surface channels are decreased markedly after applying sun glint correction with values close to 0 K. The dependence of daytime biases on sensor zenith angles is also eliminated by using the sun glint model. It is seen that the differences between daytime and night-time biases can reach 0.6 K near mid-latitudes in the southern hemisphere after including the sun glint effect, which implies that the sun glint model needs further enhancement. Overall, the direct assimilation of CrIS shortwave surface channels near 3.7 μm is possibly accomplished by utilizing the sun glint model implemented in CRTM during both daytime and night-time.
Sickle Erythrocyte-Endothelial Interactions in Microcirculation: The Role of von Willebrand Factor and Implications for Vasoocclusion

To determine the role of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in adhesion of sickle (SS) erythrocytes in microvascular flow conditions, we have perfused the ex vivo mesocecum vasculature of the rat with desmopressin, an analogue of vasopressin that causes the release of endothelial vWF. Analysis of vWF in the venous effluent of the isolated vasculature showed mainly the presence of extra-large molecular weight forms characteristic of endothelial vWF, which in the presence of desmopressin showed an average increase of 54%. Also, desmopressin induced a significant increase in adhesion of washed oxygenated (oxy) unseparated SS erythrocytes, accompanied by a persistent microvascular obstruction and a pronounced increase in the peripheral resistance (PRU). In contrast, infusion of SS deformable discocytes (SS2) in desmopressin-perfused vasculature resulted in a significant adhesion but not in persistent vasoocclusion, showing that SS2 discocytes alone are not sufficient for microvascular obstruction. Furthermore, SS4 erythrocytes (dense discocytes and irreversibly sickled erythrocytes) caused a persistent microvascular blockage and a significantly higher PRU than SS2 discocytes. However, the increase in PRU for SS4 erythrocytes following desmopressin treatment was 50% less compared with a corresponding increase for SS2 discocytes over the control values, which showed a smaller effect of desmopressin on the hemodynamic behavior of SS4 dense erythrocytes. Incubation of desmopressin-treated vasculature with anti-vWF antibodies resulted in a pronounced decrease in adhesion and significantly improved hemodynamic behavior of SS cells. Also, in untreated vasculature, similarly incubated with anti-vWF antibodies, there was almost complete inhibition of adhesion. Under the described perfusion conditions, antibodies to fibronectin and thrombospondin, as well as incubation of SS erythrocytes with anti-vWF antibodies did not affect adhesion. These results are compatible with a model for SS vasoocclusion in which extra-large vWF-mediated adhesion of deformable SS erythrocytes is the first step followed by an accelerated entrapment of dense SS erythrocytes.
Arthrodesis of the hip in wide abduction.

Abduction arthrodesis provides the following conditions favorable to union: a large area of contact between cancellous-bone surfaces with excellent circulation, firm apposition, and good immobilization. Important to the maintenance of contact at the site of fusion is the axial impaction provided by the tightness of the adductor muscles.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Behavior of DDT in Model Membranes

DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane] and related compounds have been used extensively as insecticides. More recently these compounds, particularly DDT and DOE [1,1dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethene], have been the center of a heated controversy in relation to their environmental behavior. Both compounds are distributed widely in the environment, tend to be concentrated in food chains and there is evidence that certain wildlife populations may be affected as a consequence. Despite the continued interest in these compounds over a number of years, the molecular basis of their toxic action is not understood.
The Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Surgically Managed, p16-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has a favorable prognosis, and p16 immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker of high-risk HPV infection and strong prognosticator. Given this favorable prognosis, treatment de-escalation for p16-positive OPSCC is now being considered with the goal of decreasing treatment-associated morbidity without compromising tumor control. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in this setting is becoming increasingly unclear. Objective To compare survival between surgically managed patients with p16-positive OPSCC who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy alone. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study of patients with OPSCC diagnosed from June 1996 to June 2010, with follow-up through December 2014, at a single tertiary referral center. One hundred ninety-five surgically managed, p16-positive patients without a history of head and neck cancer or distant metastasis at time of diagnosis were included. Exposures Patients were dichotomized into adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival was the primary outcome, and disease-free survival was the secondary outcome. Propensity-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival. Results The study included 195 patients with p16-positive, surgically managed OPSCC. Median duration of follow-up was 87 months (interquartile range, 68-116 months). Ninety patients received adjunct chemoradiotherapy (mean age, 54.3 years), 88 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (mean age, 56.4 years), and 17 patients received surgery alone. The 5-year overall survival rate for patients who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 82% (95% CI, 73%-90%) and 84% (95% CI, 76%-91%) for patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy alone. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for patients who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 79% (95% CI, 71%-88%) and 79% (95% CI, 70%-88%) for patients who received radiotherapy alone. After weighting cases by the inverse probability of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and controlling for age, comorbidity, smoking, pathological T stage, and pathological N stage, the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy was not significantly associated with disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.59-1.42) but was associated with a statistically insignificant yet clinically meaningful increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.91-2.33). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with p16-positive OPSCC managed surgically with adjuvant radiotherapy, the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy provided no additional disease-free survival benefit and was associated with worse overall survival. These results should help inform future clinical trials aiming to deescalate treatment for p16-positive patients.
Reliability assessment of a large population of 3.3 kV, 45 A 4H-SIC MOSFETs

In this work, we report results for the 3 lot, 77 device-per-lot high temperature-reverse bias (HTRB) test, as well as work on gate oxide reliability for 3.3 kV devices in relation to the presence of material defects. The work indicates that large scale reliable operation of 3.3 kV 4H-SIC MOSFETs is achievable using conventional 4H-SiC device processing techniques and DMOS device structures, despite the prevalence of measurable surface morphology on 3.3 kV SiC epilayers. No correlation was found between dislocation content and MOS capacitor breakdown field, measured on over 14 cm2 of combined tested 4H-SIC MOS gate area.
Candidates and Voters: Ideology, Valence, and Representation in U.S Elections

Candidates and Voters extends our understanding of voting, elections, and representation by elaborating a simple theory of voting choice based on voters' interest in policy and in the suitability of candidates to hold elective office ('leadership valence'). Voters' choices must be understood in the context of the choices between opposing candidates they are offered on these two dimensions. Drawing on extensive analysis of US House races, Stone shows that although voters lack the information that many analysts assume they need to function in a democracy, they are most often able to choose the better candidate on the policy and valence dimensions. In addition, candidates, when they decide whether and how to run, anticipate the interests that drive voters. The book shows that elections tend to produce outcomes on policy and leadership valence consistent with voters' interests, and challenges skeptical views of how well the electoral process works.
Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Vulva: Is Distinction from Epithelioid Sarcoma Possible? A Pathologic and Immunohistochemical Study

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) and malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) have heretofore been regarded as two separate clinicopathologic entities. However, they have some histologic similarities, and both represent histogenetic and phenotypic enigmas. This study reports the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings of four vulvar neoplasms occurring in young women that represented diagnostic dilemmas because of their similarity to both ES and MRT. Only one case had the classic histologic features of ES, whereas, in our opinion, the other three cases fulfilled the histologic criteria of MRT, despite the fact that two of the three cases were reported earlier as examples of ES. Neither electron microscopy nor immunohistochemistry has been found to be helpful in separating ES from MRT, mainly because they share several ultrastructural and immunophenotypic features. The behavior of these vulvar tumors--ours and the few published examples of ES--is generally aggressive, more in keeping with MRT than classic ES. We believe that some, if not most, putative ES of the vulva are in fact MRT, a neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis.
How to tell the truth about climate change

ABSTRACTScientific knowledge, it is argued, is insufficient to overcome climate skepticism. Spiritual truth is proposed as a way to do so. First, the cases of Eric Holthaus and Paul Kingsnorth are examined. Though they knew about climate change, they were only able to tell the truth and act on it after a personal collapse that transformed them. Telling the truth in this way carried a political force that their previous advocacy did not. These figures help animate and adapt Foucault’s notion of spiritual truth for climate change. Finally, this theory of spiritual truth is compared to Naomi Klein’s argument that climate science determines political truth and Bruno Latour’s argument that politics should decide the truth of climate science. Spiritual truth accommodates the insights these perspectives provide while adding transformation as a key element for telling the truth about climate change.
Modeling of natural gas fueled quadruple cycle for power applications

Abstract Performance improvement being a major need of the power sector aims at increasing efficiency, lowering air pollutants and ultimately cost. This paper explores a quadruple cycle, a hybrid of solid oxide fuel cell integrated with gas turbine, steam turbine and organic Rankine cycle totaling four cycles (SOFC-GT-ST-ORC), fueled primarily by natural gas for stationary power generation. A mathematical model of the configuration of the quadruple cycle is developed and the performance investigated through a parametric study of the thermodynamic components. The power output, efficiency and other results were validated with those found in literature. The quadruple cycle produced an efficiency of 66.1% with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, R134a as the organic working fluid. This efficiency exceeded the performance of traditional thermodynamic cycles like single steam cycle, combined and triple cycle at similar operating conditions. Lastly, the quadruple cycle presents a potential for optimization with waste heat recovery.
Test challenges and solutions for emerging non-volatile memories

At the end of Silicon roadmap, keeping the leakage power in tolerable limit has become one of the biggest challenges. Several promising non-volatile memories (NVMs) are being investigated by the scientific community to address the issue. Some of the NVMs such as Spin-Transfer Torque RAM, Magnetic RAM, Resistive RAM, Phase Change Memory and Ferroelectric RAM have already entered the mainstream computing. However, the unique characteristics of these NVMs bring new fault models such as statistical and stochastic retention failures, magnetic and thermal tolerance failures, voltage droop and ground bounce induced read and write failures and long latency failures. In this work, we summarize new test failure mechanisms in NVMs and associated test challenges. We also propose new test methodologies, test patterns and Design-for-Test (DFT) techniques to characterize new failure models and compress test time.
Laptop orchestras, robotic drummers, singing machines, and musical kitchenware: learning programming, algorithms, user interface design, and science through the arts

With advances in algorithms for sound synthesis and processing, combined with inexpensive computational hardware and sensors, we can now easily build new types of musical instruments, and other real-time interactive expressive devices. These new "instruments" can leverage and extend the expertise of virtuoso performers, expand the palette of sounds available to composers, and encourage new ideas and participation from the young or the musically untrained. These new expressive devices can be expansions of traditional musical instruments, whimsical objects made by augmenting everyday nonmusical objects, or entirely new paradigms for making and controlling sound and graphics. Wired and wireless networking can provide opportunities, yet pose significant challenges, for new forms of group or "orchestral" expression. This talk will look at a variety of new devices, projects, and ensembles created over the last decade or so at Princeton, Stanford, Cal Arts, and elsewhere. Particular emphasis will be given how these have been used to engage students in projects outside of their discipline of focus, whether it be teaching engineering students about music, sound, and user-interface design, or teaching music and art majors about programming, algorithms, networking, and other hard-core computer science topics. Lots of audio/video examples, as well as actual live demonstratons, will be presented.
The Section on the Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (Section 7), 1988–1991

Section 7 was perhaps the smallest section of Division 12 and certainly the most short lived. It was formed in 1988 and disbanded itself only 3 years later, in 1991. The only president it ever had was Arthur Teicher, who also served as representative to Division 12 during most of the section’s existence. Jules Barron also played a prominent role in Section 7, being listed as its president-elect for 3 years but never actually serving as president. Barron of course had been president of Division 12 in 1986, and his continuing influence on the board was important in the division’s approval of the new section.
So You’ve Been Musically Shamed

In July 2014, an anonymous source leaked the raw audio of Britney Spears’s confessional ballad “Alien.” Haters pounced on this star’s denuded voice, gleefully seizing on the viral artifact as a smoking gun for Spears’s deficits and for the pop industry’s artistic fakeries more broadly. My paper situates this flashpoint of Spears-shaming within late-capitalist archives of public humiliation, cyberleaks, and the paternalistic scrutiny of women’s bodies and voices.
Insects of Dominant Shrub Communities at Pawnee and Comanche National Grasslands, Colorado

Terrestrial insects associated with shrubs at Pawnee National Grassland in northeastern Colorado and Comanche National Grassland in southeastern Colorado were identified to family or genus with some taxa to species. Six species of grassland shrubs were sampled using a funnel-bucket method each month from June-September 2014 and 2015. Insect diversity and abundance differed between the grasslands. Chrysomelidae, Cicadellidae, Cleridae, Formicidae, Meloidae, and Miridae were abundant at Pawnee National Grassland, primarily from four-winged saltbush (Atriplex canescens) (Pursh.) Nutt). Acrididae, Aphididae, Chrysomelidae, Cleridae, Coccinellidae, Formicidae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, and Reduviidae collected from sandsage (Artemisia filifolia Torr.), four-winged saltbush, rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex. Pursh), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook) Torr.), skunkbush (Rhus trilobata Nutt.), and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) were abundant at Comanche National Grassland.
Imaging Membrane Curvature inside a Model Immunological Synapse in RBL-2H3 Cells using TIRF Microscopy with Polarized Excitation

Abstract Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with polarized excitation (P-TIRF) can be used to image nanoscale curvature phenomena in live cells. We used P-TIRF to visualize rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3 cells) coming into contact with a supported lipid bilayer, modeling an immunological synapse. These studies help correlate the dynamics of cell surface molecules with the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane during synapse formation.
Re)framing Resistance to Culturally Relevant Education as a Multilevel Learning Problem

Despite evidence of promise, the adoption of culturally relevant educational (CRE) approaches to teaching and learning remains sporadic and underwhelming. In this chapter, we question this state of...
Expanding and sustaining arts-based educational research as practitioner inquiry

As practitioner inquiry is now established as a widely-recognized research tradition and flourishing movement for educational change, we might consider ways that practitioner inquiry could be conce...
Deep learning for accelerated all-dielectric metasurface design

Deep learning has risen to the forefront of many fields in recent years, overcoming challenges previously considered intractable with conventional means. Materials discovery and optimization is one such field, but significant challenges remain, including the requirement of large labeled datasets and one-to-many mapping that arises in solving the inverse problem. Here we demonstrate modeling of complex all-dielectric metasurface systems with deep neural networks, using both the metasurface geometry and knowledge of the underlying physics as inputs. Our deep learning network is highly accurate, achieving an average mean square error of only 1.16 × 10−3 and is over five orders of magnitude faster than conventional electromagnetic simulation software. We further develop a novel method to solve the inverse modeling problem, termed fast forward dictionary search (FFDS), which offers tremendous controls to the designer and only requires an accurate forward neural network model. These techniques significantly increase the viability of more complex all-dielectric metasurface designs and provide opportunities for the future of tailored light matter interactions.