cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae Identifies New Genes, Noncoding RNAs, and Antisense Activity

To fully understand how bacteria respond to their environment, it is essential to assess genome-wide transcriptional activity. New high-throughput sequencing technologies make it possible to query the transcriptome of an organism in an efficient unbiased manner. We applied a strand-specific method to sequence bacterial transcripts using Illumina's high-throughput sequencing technology. The resulting sequences were used to construct genome-wide transcriptional profiles. Novel bioinformatics analyses were developed and used in combination with proteomics data for the qualitative classification of transcriptional activity in defined regions. As expected, most transcriptional activity was consistent with predictions from the genome annotation. Importantly, we identified and confirmed transcriptional activity in areas of the genome inconsistent with the annotation and in unannotated regions. Further analyses revealed potential RpoN-dependent promoter sequences upstream of several noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), suggesting a role for these ncRNAs in RpoN-dependent phenotypes. We were also able to validate a number of transcriptional start sites, many of which were consistent with predicted promoter motifs. Overall, our approach provides an efficient way to survey global transcriptional activity in bacteria and enables rapid discovery of specific areas in the genome that merit further investigation.
Computation of probabilistic hazard maps and source parameter estimation for volcanic ash transport and dispersion

Volcanic ash advisory centers are charged with forecasting the movement of volcanic ash plumes, for aviation, health and safety preparation. Deterministic mathematical equations model the advection and dispersion of these plumes. However initial plume conditions - height, profile of particle location, volcanic vent parameters - are known only approximately at best, and other features of the governing system such as the windfield are stochastic. These uncertainties make forecasting plume motion difficult. As a result of these uncertainties, ash advisories based on a deterministic approach tend to be conservative, and many times over/under estimate the extent of a plume. This paper presents an end-to-end framework for generating a probabilistic approach to ash plume forecasting. This framework uses an ensemble of solutions, guided by Conjugate Unscented Transform (CUT) method for evaluating expectation integrals. This ensemble is used to construct a polynomial chaos expansion that can be sampled cheaply, to provide a probabilistic model forecast. The CUT method is then combined with a minimum variance condition, to provide a full posterior pdf of the uncertain source parameters, based on observed satellite imagery.The April 2010 eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland is employed as a test example. The puff advection/dispersion model is used to hindcast the motion of the ash plume through time, concentrating on the period 14-16 April 2010. Variability in the height and particle loading of that eruption is introduced through a volcano column model called bent. Output uncertainty due to the assumed uncertain input parameter probability distributions, and a probabilistic spatial-temporal estimate of ash presence are computed.
Interactions between Newly Synthesized Glycoproteins, Calnexin and a Network of Resident Chaperones in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Calnexin is a membrane-bound lectin and a molecular chaperone that binds newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To analyze the oligomeric properties of calnexin and calnexin-substrate complexes, sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation and chemical cross-linking were used. After CHAPS solubilization of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, the unoccupied calnexin behaved as a monomer sedimenting at 3.5 S20,W. For calnexin-substrate complexes the S-values ranged between 3.5–8 S20,W, the size increasing with the molecular weight of the substrate. Influenza hemagglutinin, a well-characterized substrate associated with calnexin in complexes that sedimented at 5–5.5 S20,W. The majority of stable complexes extracted from cells, appeared to contain a single calnexin and a single substrate molecule, with about one third of the calnexin in the cell being unoccupied or present in weak associations. However, when chemical cross-linking was performed in intact cells, the calnexin-substrate complexes and calnexin itself was found to be part of a much larger heterogeneous protein network that included other ER proteins. Pulse-chase analysis of influenza-infected cells combined with chemical cross-linking showed that HA was part of large, heterogeneous, cross-linked entities during the early phases of folding, but no longer after homotrimer assembly. The network of weakly associated resident ER chaperones which included BiP, GRP94, calreticulin, calnexin, and other proteins, may serve as a matrix that binds early folding and assembly intermediates and restricts their exit from the ER.
'We're Not Running a Charity Here:' Rethinking Public Interest Lawyers’ Relationships with Bottom-Line-Driven Pro Bono Programs

This article explores the relationship between public interest lawyers and large firm pro bono programs. The article posits that large firms are mainly motivated to engage in pro bono for business reasons, and that the result of these so-called “bottom-line” motivations are pro bono programs that actually harm the public interest agencies with which they partner. While some scholars have examined firms’ business-centric motivations for engaging in pro bono work, this article advances the discussion by examining how those bottom-line motivations negatively affect the public interest agencies whose participation in the pro bono system is so critical to its functioning. The article identifies three ways in which firms’ business motivations for engaging in pro bono work negatively affect the public interest agencies with which they partner; specifically: 1) corruption of public interest agencies’ triage priorities; 2) the creation of case management problems at the public interest agency; and 3) the creation of efficiency drags on the public interest program that are not always offset by increased volume of clients served. The article uses anecdotes from the author’s practice as well as an examination of the “deferred associate” phenomenon to illustrate how firms’ business motivations lead to the identified problems.The Article then makes recommendations for how public interest agencies can minimize the negative effects of interaction with bottom-line-motivated pro bono programs. Finally, this article makes two tentative recommendations for how public interest agencies can offset the harms caused by bottom-line-motivated pro bono programs. It suggests that, in order to make triage priorities clearer and more central to pro bono work, public interest agencies request that pro bono partners fund needs assessments and respect their findings. It also suggests that public interest agencies may simply wish to demand direct donations by pro bono partners in order to offset the hidden costs of pro bono relationships.
Robustness Control for Network‐Wide Broadcast in Multihop Wireless Networks

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background—MAC Broadcast Overview and Classification of NWB Algorithms Representative Algorithms Characterizing NWB Unreliability Robustness Control—Solution Space NWB Robustness Solutions Conclusions Exercises References
Il farsi di una grande impresa. La Montecatini fra le due guerre mondiali

The Italian chemical industry has not attracted much interest by the part of economic historians, partly because it is technologically complicated and partly because it has not prospered in the cou...
Issues in the Evolution of Production Economics

MY INITIAL response when Dr. Sundquist assigned me the topic for today's paper was to search for a subtitle that would represent a capsule expression of the subject matter I actually intend to cover. The first subtitle that occurred to me was the question, "Is Production Economics Really Dead?" Initial reactions from my colleagues were sufficiently vigorous to lead me to attempt a second alternative, "If Production Economics Is Not Dead Where Did It Go?"
Developing effective countermeasures against acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication: challenges and limitations

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a chemical hazard in the gas and farming industry. As it is easy to manufacture from common chemicals, it has also become a method of suicide. H2 S exerts its toxicity through its high affinity with metalloproteins, such as cytochrome c oxidase and possibly via its interactions with cysteine residues of various proteins. The latter was recently proposed to acutely alter ion channels with critical implications for cardiac and brain functions. Indeed, during severe H2 S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electromechanical dissociation of the heart. In addition, long-term neurological deficits can develop owing to the direct toxicity of H2 S on neurons combined with the consequences of a prolonged apnea and circulatory failure. Here, we review the challenges impeding efforts to offer an effective treatment against H2 S intoxication using agents that trap free H2 S, and present novel pharmacological approaches aimed at correcting some of the most harmful consequences of H2 S intoxication.
Color Preference of Vespula squamosa

Translucent, white plastic wet traps containing a 1:1 volumetric mixture of heptyl butyrate and octyl butyrate and painted buttercup yellow captured significantly more Vespula squamosa (Drury) from Jan. to Sept., whereas traps painted saturn yellow captured significantly more yellowjackets from Oct. to Dec. than unpainted traps or traps painted other colors. The reflected light determined by regression analysis (r = 0.95) to be the most attractive to the yellowjackets during Jan.–Sept. was in the 590 nm region; it was 520 nm from Oct. to Dec. We therefore concluded that V. squamosa distinguish yellow-orange and green colors.
Youth with type 1 diabetes have worse strain and less pronounced sex differences in early echocardiographic markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy compared to their normoglycemic peers: A RESistance to InSulin in Type 1 ANd Type 2 diabetes (RESISTANT) Study.

Abstract Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity, but limited data are available on early cardiac abnormalities in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated differences in myocardial strain in adolescents with and without T1D. We hypothesized that adolescents with T1D would have worse strain than their normoglycemic peers, which boys would have worse strain than girls, and that strain would correlate with glycemic control and adipokines. Methods We performed fasting laboratory measures and echocardiograms with speckle tracking to evaluate traditional echocardiographic measures in addition to longitudinal (LS) and circumferential (CS) strain, and in adolescents (15 ± 2 years) with (19 boys; 22 girls) and without (16 boys; 32 girls) type 1 diabetes. Results Compared to controls, adolescents with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower CS (− 20.9 vs. − 22.7%, p = 0.02), but not LS (p = 0.83). Boys with T1D had significantly lower LS than girls with T1D (− 17.5 vs. − 19.7%, p = 0.047), adjusted for Tanner stage. The significant sex differences observed in indexed left ventricular mass, left end-diastolic volume, diastolic septal and posterior wall thickness in our controls were lacking in adolescents with T1D. Conclusions Our observations suggest that youth with T1D have worse myocardial strain than normoglycemic peers. In addition, the relatively favorable cardiac profile observed in girls vs. boys in the control group, was attenuated in T1D. These early cardiovascular changes in youth with T1D are concerning and warrant longitudinal and mechanistic studies.
Large-scale Integrated Geophysical Methods in Pilot Survey of Deep Mineral Prospects:An Example of a Gold Deposit in Northeastern Hunan Province

Geophysical methods play an important role in forecast of deep prospecting. While they face the problem of multiple solutions. Taking a gold deposit in northeastern Hunan as an example,this paper address the issue how to improve the accuracy of prediction of deep prospects using integrated multiple geophysical techniques. In this area,a comprehensive survey has been conducted including large-scale measurements of gravity,precise magnetism and CSAMT( controlled source audio magnetotellurics) to delineate the deep prospecting targets. The geophysical marks of this area were determined through drilling validation and geophysical electric,magnetic logging,indicating outstanding results of the geophysical survey. It demonstrates that the application of integrated geophysical methods to evaluation of deep mineral prospects is fast and effective. It is recommended that such a geophysical exploration model can be spread all over the country.
A 52-year-old man with neurofibromatosis and jaundice

Presentation of Case A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of neurofibromatosis complicated by weight loss, jaundice, and an ampullary mass. The patient had been mentally retarded ...
Odorant-specific spatial patterns in mucosal activity predict perceptual differences among odorants.

1. Using operant techniques, rats were trained to differentially report (i.e., identify) the odorants propanol, carvone, citral, propyl acetate, and ethylacetoacetate. After acquisition training, the animals were tested using a 5 x 5 confusion matrix design. The results of the behavioral tests were used to measure the degree of perceptual dissimilarity between any pair of odorants. These dissimilarity measures were then subjected to multidimensional scaling analysis to establish a two-dimensional perceptual odor space for each rat. 2. At the completion of behavioral testing, the fluorescence changes in the dye di-4-ANEPPS were monitored on the rat's nasal septum and medial surface of the turbinates in response to the same odorants. For each mucosal surface a 6.0 x 6.0 mm area was sampled at 100 contiguous sites with a 10 x 10 photodiode array. 3. Formal statistical analysis indicated a highly significant predictive relationship between the relative position of an odorant's mucosal loci of maximal activity or "hot spot" and the relative position of the same odorant in a psychophysically determined perceptual odor space (F = 15.6, P < 0.001). 4. The results of this study suggest for the first time that odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns serve as the substrate for the perception of odorant quality.
Ultrastructure of Presumptive Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The repopulating potential of bone marrow cells that have been subjected either to cryoprotective or to cryodestructive treatments were assayed by the spleen colony technique. There were four treatments. For each treatment group the ultrastructure of aliquots of the cell suspensions was studied, and an attempt was made to identify the cells responsible for hematopoietic repopulation. The repopulating potential of fresh, glycerolized cells was greater than that of slowly cooled glycerolized cells, and both repopulating potentials were far greater than that of rapidly cooled glycerolized cells. With the exception of one cell type that was constantly well preserved, fresh glycerolized cells and cells frozen at controlled rates showed morphologic disruption. This type of cell was not found in suspensions of bone marrow cells that had been frozen rapidly, and it is proposed that it is the hematopoietic stem cell (presumptive stem cell or PSC). Two observations support the hypothesis that these cells are responsible for effecting hematopoietic repopulation of lethally irradiated mice injected with suspensions of marrow cells frozen to preserve their repopulating potential: (1) They are the only intact cells found in cryopreserved suspensions of marrow cells that effect hematopoietic repopulation. (2) They are not present in suspensions of marrow cells frozen so as to destroy the hematopoietic-repopulating potential.
Finger-powered electrophoretic transport of discrete droplets for portable digital microfluidics.

We report a finger-powered digital microfluidic device based on the electrophoretic transport of discrete droplets (EPD). An array of piezoelectric elements is connected in parallel to metal electrodes immersed in dielectric fluids. When deflected in a controlled sequence via human finger power, the piezoelectric elements charge and actuate droplets across each electrode pair through electrophoretic force. Successful droplet transportation requires the piezoelectric elements to provide both sufficient charge and voltage pulse duration. We quantify these requirements using numerical models to predict the electrical charges induced on the droplets and the corresponding electrophoretic forces. The models are experimentally validated by comparing the predicted and measured droplet translational velocities. We successfully demonstrated transport and merging of aqueous droplets over a range of droplet radii (0.6–0.9 mm). We further showed direct manipulation of body fluids, including droplets of saliva and urine, using our finger-powered EPD device. To facilitate practical implementation of multistep assays based on the approach, a hand/finger-rotated drum system with a programmable pattern of protrusions is designed to induce deflections of multiple piezoelectric elements and demonstrate programmable fluidic functions. An electrode-to-piezoelectric element connection scheme to minimize the number of piezoelectric elements necessary for a sequence of microfluidic functions is also explored. The present work establishes an engineering foundation to enable design and implementation of finger-powered portable EPD microfluidic devices.
Tolstoy's Enigmatic Final Hero: Holy War, Sufism, and the Spiritual Path in Hadji Murat

Considered an incredibly “anomalous” masterpiece, Tolstoy’s last work of fiction, Hadji Murat (1896–1904), renders the life and death of the legendary Avari warrior, Hadji Murat. The novella is aesthetically stunning and surprisingly devoid of Tolstoy’s opinionated authorial voice. With its ideologically muted nature, Hadji Murat has provoked “indecision and controversy” among critics, particularly since it impartially narrates phenomena the moralistic Tolstoy normally decried, like smoking, fornication, and especially violence. In this essay, I reconsider the question of Hadji Murat’s problematic place in Tolstoy’s oeuvre. I focus on the very aspects that have inspired the novella’s designation as an anomaly–Tolstoy’s depictions of brutal violence. Starting with the quagmire of violence, I show that Hadji Murat is not nearly so anomalous, but profoundly connected, precisely through violence, to Tolstoy’s later ideological beliefs. To this end, Islam, which has so far been omitted in scholarly discussions of Hadji Murat, is an essential component of my analysis. In particular, there has been no consideration of ties between Tolstoy’s faith and mainstream Sufi Islam, as practiced in nineteenth-century Chechnya and Dagestan. A form of Islamic spirituality, Sufism informed the military resistance led by imam Shamil and his lieutenant Hadji Murat. Tolstoy, who spent time in the Caucasus, cites Sufi spirituality in early drafts of Hadji Murat. Sufi spirituality is implicitly significant in the novella where it motivates individual actions, especially during crisis moments on the violent battlefield. I argue that Sufism serves as the connecting thread between the violence in Hadji Murat and Tolstoy’s later spiritual beliefs. At different stages of his life, Hadji Murat has different motivations for fighting until he finally takes up the cause of jihad or “holy war” (termed gazavat in the North Caucasus). Tolstoy focuses on this concept, but moves beyond its conventional understanding in Sharia Islam to explore jihad in a wider spiritual context that intersects with Sufism. As I show, “holy war,” broadly conceived by Tolstoy as spiritually-driven warfare, becomes the basis for bringing together outward practice and inner spirituality in Hadji Murat.
Factors leading to rehospitalization for tracheostomized and ventilator-dependent infants through 2 years of age

Factors leading to rehospitalization for tracheostomized and ventilator-dependent infants through 2 years of age
Contour and Angle-Function Based Scoliosis Monitoring: Relaxing the Requirement on Image Quality in the Measurement of Spinal Curvature.

Purpose A method for measuring spinal curvature that provides a useful analog to the Cobb angle and is tolerant of degraded image quality is proposed. Conventional methods require a higher standard of discernibility for vertebra features and suffer high variability. Methods Assumption is made that the natural representation of the spine for the purpose of scoliosis monitoring is that of a continuous curved contour rather than a series of discrete vertebral bodies with individual orientations. The angle that a tangent line to this contour makes with the vertical, expressed as a continuous function of height, is proposed as a metric for characterization of the curve. The Cobb angle can be approximated as the difference between the extrema of this function, and details of the function shape can provide additional markers for tracking curve variation and evolution. A method for deriving the angle function from coronal images of the spine is proposed, and both manual and automatic variants of the procedure are described. Results The method is applied to conventional coronal radiographs and to magnetic resonance (MR) coronal views derived from volumetric acquisitions of the spine. Included in the latter category is an image exhibiting poor discrimination of vertebra features due to motion artifacts. The method permits extraction of the curve and Cobb angles in all cases. Conclusions Because the spine contour is discernible even in low quality images where vertebral endplates may be obscured or poorly contrasted from surrounding tissue, the approach offers improved reliability, applicability across imaging modalities, and, in the case of x-rays, the possibility of a reduced radiation dose. Moreover, since it relies on larger image features and exploits the continuity of the spine, the contour-based approach is expected to reduce the variability associated with Cobb angle measurement.
Extracting parasitic inductances of IGBT power modules with two-port S-parameter measurement

Parasitic inductances of IGBT power modules have a major influence in device operation and circuit performance. They often incur negative effects such as switching oscillations, EMI, extra power losses and stress on the devices. This paper proposes a technique to extract parasitic inductances of IGBT power modules based on two-port scattering (S) parameter measurement. Accurate values of the internal parasitic inductances can be obtained through a step by step analysis using the measured S-parameters. The new approach is experimentally validated with a case study of a commercial 600V IGBT half-bridge power module.
Why I’m Not a Cognitive Psychologist... or a Behaviorist... or a Biologist

“Science” is under increasing amounts of scrutiny. Concerns about reproducibility, reduced institutional support, and intensified competition has been highlighted in recent years, but segregated science endangers scientific discovery above all. Segregated science can be interdisciplinary (biology vs psychology) or intradisciplinary (behaviorism vs cognitive psychology). The advancement of science and public knowledge depends on the unification of all disciplines to better understand the phenomena scientists study. We suggest that engendering collaborations across scientific disciplines produces better-designed research and appropriate interpretations, and increases career-long success. I am not a cognitive psychologist, behaviorist, or biologist because I am a neuroscientist.
Winners and Losers of the Ballot: Electronic vs. Traditional Paper Voting Systems in Brazil

Scholars concur that free and fair elections are essential for proper democratic functioning, but our understanding of the political effects of democratic voting systems is incomplete. This article mitigates the gap by exploiting the gradual transformation of voting systems and ballot structures in Brazil’s 1998 executive elections to study the relationship between voting systems and viable and nonviable candidates’ vote shares, using regression discontinuity design. It finds that the introduction of electronic voting concentrated vote shares among viable candidates and thus exhibited electoral bias. We posit that this result occurred because viable candidates were better able to communicate the information that electronic voters needed to cast valid ballots than were their nonviable counterparts. The article uses survey data to demonstrate that electronic voters responded to changes in ballot design and internalized the information viable candidates made available to them.
It Is All About Heart Rate. Or Is It

Although beta-blockers have been widely used to treat various cardiovascular disorders since the introduction of propranolol in the 1950s, the mechanism whereby clinical benefit is derived is still not entirely clear. There has been a fundamental question as to whether the quantitative contribution
6 – EXPRESSION IN THE METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST Pichia pastoris

The pichia pastoris expression system has gained acceptance as an important host organism for the production of foreign proteins. This chapter provides a basic understanding of the P. pastoris expression system and deals with various questions related to it, essentially describing how this system works. The chapter explains the proteins that are most likely to work well in the system, the problems to anticipate while using it, and potential solutions. The chapter discusses the success of the P. pastoris system and exclaims that opportunities still exist to increase the range of proteins that can be expressed in the system. The discussion concludes with the fact that studies are required to address problems associated with the secretion of mammalian proteins from P. pastoris . There are certain questions that need to be resolved, which require further study of this expression system. Thus, a better understanding of P. pastoris proteases and, in particular, the identification of those responsible for the degradation of some foreign proteins would aid in the development of strategies to eliminate or circumvent their effects.
Slipping Rib Syndrome and Other Causes of Chest Wall Pain

Chest pain is one of the most common complaints causing patients to seek medical attention. The vast majority of these patients will have a “benign,” nonlife-threatening cause for their chest pain with many of them being labeled with “chest wall syndrome,” a broad term encompassing all causes of musculoskeletal pain. This chapter reviews some of the bone- and cartilage-related causes of chest wall syndrome focusing on the slipping rib syndrome, as well as briefly reviewing other pathologies the practitioner may encounter.
Sociomarkers and biomarkers: predictive modeling in identifying pediatric asthma patients at risk of hospital revisits

The importance of social components of health has been emphasized both in epidemiology and public health. This paper highlights the significant impact of social components on health outcomes in a novel way. Introducing the concept of sociomarkers, which are measurable indicators of social conditions in which a patient is embedded, we employed a machine learning approach that uses both biomarkers and sociomarkers to identify asthma patients at risk of a hospital revisit after an initial visit with an accuracy of 66%. The analysis has been performed over an integrated dataset consisting of individual-level patient information such as gender, race, insurance type, and age, along with ZIP code-level sociomarkers such as poverty level, blight prevalence, and housing quality. Using this uniquely integrated database, we then compare the traditional biomarker-based risk model and the sociomarker-based risk model. A biomarker-based predictive model yields an accuracy of 65% and the sociomarker-based model predicts with an accuracy of 61%. Without knowing specific symptom-related features, the sociomarker-based model can correctly predict two out of three patients at risk. We systematically show that sociomarkers play an important role in predicting health outcomes at the individual level in pediatric asthma cases. Additionally, by merging multiple data sources with detailed neighborhood-level data, we directly measure the importance of residential conditions for predicting individual health outcomes.
Human Reliability as a Science—A Divergence on Models

Human reliability analysis is a discipline that focuses on understanding and assessing human behavior during its interactions with complex engineered systems. Central to the discipline are human reliability models and data collection efforts. This paper briefly reviews the state of the art in human reliability analysis and evaluates it against a set of criteria that can be established when it is viewed as a science.
Micro-Scale Analysis of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sandy Soil through SEM/FIB Imaging

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has gained much attention in soil improvement studies, where it can enhance the physical properties of sandy soil. Small-scale sand cylinder tests were conducted to investigate the formation and failure of calcium carbonate precipitation bonding between individual sand particles. Bonding formation by precipitation was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis verified the existence of calcium, carbon, and oxygen, which could form CaCO3 after MICP-treatment. Focused-ion-beam milling was applied to study the interior structure of calcium carbonate precipitation during the MICP process.
Insights from the Quantification of the Study of Populism

Research on populist parties and their voters has produced several books, edited volumes, and peer-reviewed articles that examine these in a comparative context. Country and topic experts defined t...
Solarization to control downy brome (Bromus tectorum) for small-scale ecological restoration

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a common impediment to ecological restoration, because its seedbank remains viable after repeated treatment with herbicides. Soil solarization has been used in ecological restoration to control seedbanks of invasive plants. Here we test the efficacy of soil solarization to reduce B. tectorum cover and establish native plants at a site in B. tectorum's core invasive range with a long history of disturbance and infestation. Solarization raised soil temperatures by as much as 13 C and reduced B. tectorum densities by approximately 20-fold. In 30 plots solarized for 0 to 101 d, B. tectorum emerged in inverse abundance to treatment duration. Broadleaf weeds were less abundant than B. tectorum before treatment, and diminished under solarization, but their response to solarization was weaker than B. tectorum's, and they emerged in greater numbers than B. tectorum 2 to 3 yr after treatment. When seeded after solarization, a native perennial bunchgrass, squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey], did not differ in abundance between solarized and control plots. Solarization may facilitate B. tectorum control on a small scale without jeopardizing the establishment of native plants, but only if treatment durations are long and subsequent management of broadleaf weeds and remnant B. tectorum is planned.
Violent victimization and perpetration as distinct risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts

This study examined associations among violent victimization, perpetration, and suicide attempts in youth reporting suicide ideation, within an ideation-to-action framework of suicide. Data on 821 ...
Expansion in Finite Simple Groups of Lie Type

Expansion in Cayley graphs Expander graphs: Basic theory Expansion in Cayley graphs, and Kazhdan's property (T) Quasirandom groups The Balog-Szemeredi-Gowers lemma, and the Bourgain-Gamburd expansion machine Product theorems, pivot arguments, and the Larsen-Pink non-concentration inequality Non-concentration in subgroups Sieving and expanders Related articles Cayley graphs the algebra of groups The Lang-Weil bound The spectral theorem and its converses for unbounded self-adjoint operators Notes on Lie algebras Notes on groups of Lie type Bibliography Index
An external exposome-wide association study of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Abstract It is widely recognized that exogenous factors play an important role in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). However, only a few external environmental factors have been studied, often separately, with no attempt to examine the totality of the external environment, or the external exposome. We conducted an external exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) using the Florida Vital Statistics Birth Records including 819,399 women with live births in 2010–2013. A total of 5784 factors characterizing women’s surrounding natural, built, and social environment during pregnancy from 10 data sources were collected, harmonized, integrated, and spatiotemporally linked to the women based on pregnancy periods using 250 m buffers around their geocoded residential addresses. A random 50:50 split divided the data into discovery and replication sets, and a 3-phase procedure was used. In phase 1, associations between HDP and individual factors were examined, and Bonferroni adjustment was performed. In phase 2, an elastic net model was used to perform variable selection among significant variables from phase 1. In phase 3, a multivariable logistic regression model including all variables selected by the elastic net model was fitted. Variables that were significant in both the discovery and replication sets were retained. Among the 528 and 490 variables identified in Phase 1, 232 and 224 were selected by the elastic net model in Phase 2, and 67 and 48 variables remained statistically significant in Phase 3 in the discovery and replication sets, respectively. A total of 12 variables were significant in both the discovery and replication sets, including air toxicants (e.g., 2,2,4-trimethylpentane), meteorological factors (e.g., omega or vertical velocity at 125mb pressure level), neighborhood crime and safety (e.g., burglary rate), and neighborhood sociodemographic status (e.g., urbanization). This is the first large external exposome study of HDP. It confirmed some of the previously reported associations and generated unexpected predictors within the environment that may warrant more focused evaluation.
Correction to: The MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE)

Correction to: Space Sci. Rev. (2020) 216: 61 This article unfortunately was published without the Electronic Supplementary Material mentioned in the article text. With the publication of this correction the ESM “radio_occ_mvn_ssrlikev32.pro” is now available online.
Robust 60-GHz Beamforming for UAVs: Experimental Analysis of Hovering, Blockage, and Beam Selection

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted millimeter-wave (mmWave) base stations as well as aerial backhaul links will enable on-demand deployment of network resources. However, prior work has shown aerial links are prone to the frequent disruption caused by: 1) constant hovering due to GPS inaccuracies that impact narrow beamwidths; 2) blockages in the direct line of sight; and 3) suboptimal beam selection, especially if reduced angular sectors are searched in a highly dynamic environment. This article characterizes the impact of each of these phenomena for aerial mmWave links and proposes methods to distinctly identify when they occur in isolation or in combination during deployment. Furthermore, it also proposes corrective actions at the UAV, appropriate for the specific type(s) of impacting events: physical displacement from its earlier location, angular rotation around its vertical axis, or beamwidth adjustment. Our approach relies on exploiting the information contained in the angular domain of a large data set of experimentally collected beam-selection outcomes, under the above practical scenarios. We incorporate GPS accuracy models and antenna radiation patterns to create a robust model of potential outages. We then propose device-agnostic algorithms that jointly optimize UAVs’ physical movement and the beamforming procedure. The experimental results obtained by mounting a pair of 60-GHz channel sounders on M600 DJI UAVs reveal loss reduction of up to 74.7%, translated into 260% physical layer bit-rate improvement compared to the classical 802.11ad standards-defined approach.
The lumpen in Marx’s works and its relevance for contemporary political struggle:

The role of class struggle in historical materialism and Marx’s works is central in explaining political, social, and historical phenomena. While the two main classes, the proletariat and bourgeois...
The novel form of amyloidosis derived from EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) preferentially affects the lower gastrointestinal tract of elderly femalesa.

Aims To characterise the clinicopathological features of amyloidosis due to EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), a newly described amyloid type. Methods and results We identified cases by searching the Mayo Clinic amyloid liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry typing database for specimens with the universal amyloid signature proteins, abundant EFEMP1 spectra and absence of other specific amyloid precursor proteins. We also developed an immunohistochemical stain for EFEMP1 applicable to formalin-fixed tissue sections and performed electron microscopy in one case. We identified 33 specimens from 32 patients with EFEMP1 amyloid. Most patients were female (91%) with a mean age of 75 years, and most specimens (94%) were from the bowel. EFEMP1 amyloid was incidentally identified in specimens biopsied/resected for a variety of clinical indications. In bowel specimens, EFEMP1 amyloid involved blood vessels and interstitium of the lamina propria, submucosa and/or muscularis propria. Although the EFEMP1 deposits were weakly to moderately Congo red-positive with absent to weak birefringence, they were strongly positive for EFEMP1 by immunohistochemistry, had the characteristic fibrillar ultrastructure of amyloid and were readily identified by mass spectrometry. Conclusions EFEMP1 amyloid is a recently described novel amyloid type that predominantly affects the bowel of elderly females. Because EFEMP1 amyloid is only weakly Congo red-positive, it may be overlooked without a high index of suspicion. However, its characteristic microanatomical distribution is highlighted by immunohistochemistry and its identity is readily confirmed by mass spectrometry. Based on its distinctive features, we propose that EFEMP1 amyloidosis be considered a new amyloid type.
Know your roles: Alleviating the academic-professional tension in the case analysis genre

Abstract The case analysis, a prominent genre within business administration and information systems (IS) programs, is challenging for students because of competing demands to perform both academic/learner and professional/mock-consultant roles. We examine case analysis student writing that sits in the middle of the pedagogical to professional continuum (Gardner, 2012), where the academic-professional tension is most prominent. The data come from an upper-level IS course at an English-medium American branch campus in the Middle East where we collaborated with IS faculty to scaffold a particular case analysis genre, the case development. In this genre, students analyze their own experiential narrative about a place they visit and make technology-based recommendations to improve the experience. Using systemic functional linguistics (SFL), we unpack the linguistic features of case developments where students attempted to navigate this academic-professional tension. We contrast examples of students who successfully navigated between these two roles with less effective student writing. We conclude by presenting a mentor text that highlights the linguistic features of a case analysis that eases this tension with a productive coexistence of learner and professional roles. Our analysis has implications for helping both students navigate between these roles and teachers conceptualize assignments that explicitly articulate their goals.
COVID and Cuomo: Using the CERC Model to Evaluate Strategic Uses of Twitter on Pandemic Communications

Social media has presented itself as an essential tool for messaging and communications during health crises, with multiple sources circulating information to the public to steer the masses into a particular direction. The Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Model (CERC) (Reynolds and Seeger, J Health Commun 10:43–55, 2005) has been used to evaluate messaging on social media platforms for effectiveness, as well as providing guidelines on how to arrange pertinent information online. This study will look at Twitter messaging from NYS Governor, Andrew Cuomo, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly looking at the different types of information he gave during five different stages of the pandemic. A total of 406 COVID-related tweets from his official Twitter were collected from January 24, 2020, to April 12, 2020, and thematically analyzed. Tweets were evaluated using the CERC guidelines for relevance, pertinence and overall effectiveness, to “prevent further illness, injury, or death; restores or maintain calm; and engender confidence in the operational response” (Reynolds, J Appl Commun Res 34:249–252, 2006, p. 249). Governor Cuomo followed the majority of the CERC guidelines during different stages of the pandemic but fell the shortest during the initial event phase. Other information like content reactions, shares and likes showed that he received the most engagement during the maintenance phase, but especially when the tweet signified “hope” or reassurance to the public. The implications of this study indicate that public officials can use social media sites, like Twitter, to successfully inform the public in the midst of a modern health crisis. Hopeful messaging is especially well received and utilizing celebrities or well-known figures likeliness in health communications can help reach a broader audience. The use of Twitter for pandemic communications must be coupled and guided with strategic objectives throughout different times that help direct and comfort the public to minimize harm.
Fatal blow: Urbicidal geographies, pax colonial and black sovereignty in the Colombian city:

This article gives ethnographic form to Fanon’s warning that in the colonial world, “zombies are more terrifying than settlers,” by analyzing how racial mythologies produce spatial classifications ...
Biomechanics of Osteoporotic Fracture Care: Advances in Locking Plate and Intramedullary Nail Technology.

SUMMARY Osteoporotic fractures are extremely common and will continue to increase. Methods of internal fixation must address challenges presented by architectural changes of weakened bone. The goals of surgery are to provide mechanically stable internal fixation with minimal biologic insult that provides rapid rehabilitation and early mobilization. Novel techniques and technology that reinforce preservation of periosteal blood supply and utilization of biomechanically stable constructs diminish failure rates. Advents in locking plate technology, intramedullary nail designs, bone augmentation, and multiple implant constructs maximize strength while mitigating axial, torsional, and bending failure modes to provide optimal patient outcomes.
The Kids are Alright

Discussions of adolescence and youth spirituality often focus primarily on the problems that need to be fixed in youth or their context. This essay draws upon positive youth development theory, which asserts that youth are much more than problems or at-risk. It affirms that all youth have resources that can be developed and contributions to make to their communities. This essay reviews the pervasiveness of problem-based approaches in the larger society and contemporary research on the religious lives of youth. It also calls theologians and youth workers to contribute to the shifting perspective of youth by re-imaging youth spiritual maturity as more than “adult like” and to offer a theology of adolescence which explicitly affirms youth engagement as partners with God, right now.
Molecular Strategies to Overcome Salt Stress in Agriculture

Salinity and drought are responsible for much of the yield reduction in agriculture throughout the world. Furthermore, continued salinization of arable land is becoming widespread because of poor local irrigation practices (Tanji, 1990), thus decreasing the yield from previously productive land. Improving plant resistance to salinity and drought stress, both of which lead to cellular osmotic and oxidative problems, is therefore a challenge to be overcome in order to feed the burgeoning world population. Increased salt-tolerance of crop plants would provide sustainable agriculture on marginal lands and could potentially even improve overall crop yield.
Introduction to papers on quadratic dynamics: a progression from seeing to discovering

THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES THE CIRCUMSTANCES under which I had the privilege of discovering in 1980 the set that is the main topic of this book. As will be meticulously documented in Chapters C12 and C14, I actually saw this set in 1979 but bumbled and fumbled for about a year.
Moluscos dulceacuícolas de Costa Rica: Introducción y lista preliminar

Una lista de los moluscos costaricenses de aguas dulces y salobres incluye 50 especies en total, de las cuales tres son introducidas. Pertenecen a l a s familias Unionidae, Mycetopodidae, Corbiculidae, Sphaeriidae, Dreissenidae, Teredinidae (todas: Pelecypoda), y en Gastropoda: Neritidae, Thiaridae, Pilidae, Hydrobiidae, P hy sidae, Ly mnaeidae, Planorbidae y Bulinidae. Se incluye una breve resena historica de la recoleccion de moluscos en Costa Rica.
Laboratory Studies of Gas Tracers for Reaeration

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the rates at which ethylene and propane desorbed from a water bath relative to the rate at which oxygen was absorbed by the same water. The ratios between the oxygen absorption coefficient and the hydrocarbon desorption coefficient are 1.15 and 1.39 for ethylene and propane, respectively. These ratios serve as the basis for a tracer technique for measuring reaeration coefficients of streams. Comparison of 2-parameter and 3-parameter procedures show that the 3-parameter procedure is able to fit the data better in terms of a root-mean-square error. However, estimates of the saturation concentration for dissolved oxygen with the 3-parameter procedure are unrealistic. Therefore, a 2-parameter procedure with the saturation concentration fixed at a literature value for the specific temperature and corrected for barometric pressure was used. The 2-parameter procedure was also used for the hydrocarbon data with the equilibrium concentration fixed at zero.