cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Three Representatives" and Construction of Chinese Communist Party in 21st Century

The “three representatives" raised by Jiang Zemin is a key to carrying out Deng Xiaoping's political ideas. The concept is formed in response to new problems arising at the turn of the century that face the Party. Actually it is meant, in essence, to ensure that the Party maintains the advanced quality. The key point lies in the word “representative",maintains the extensiivt representation. The author points out that to adhere to this idea is not without difficulty. The worst problem is how to integrate the “three representatives". Emphasis should be put on the quality of the Party as pioneers of the working class. The author concludes that “three representatives" can serve as a guideline in Party construction.
In vivo development of transferred mouse embryos conceived in vitro in simple and complex media

Ovulated mouse ova were fertilized in vitro and cultured to the four-cell stage in simple medium (modified Earle's balanced salts solution, EBSS) supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and in complex media (modified Ham's F-10 medium, Gibco, Grand Island, NY) with and without human cord serum supplementation. Fertilization and cleavage to the four-cell stage were the same for the three groups. Embryos in cohorts of six were transferred into oviducts of 14 to 16 pseudopregnant recipients per group. Pregnancy rates were higher for the EBSS/BSA and Ham's F-10 groups (36%) than for the Ham's F-10/cord serum group (19%). The percentage of embryos that developed into fetuses in the pregnant recipients was also higher for the Ham's F-10 group (47%) and the EBSS/BSA group (33%) than for the Ham's F-10/cord serum group (22%). The average fetal weights 17 days after transfer for the EBSS/BSA embryo group was 659±40mg and for the Ham's F-10 group was 666±20mg, higher ( P P
pH regulation of K+ efflux from myocytes in isolated rat hearts:87Rb,7Li, and31P NMR studies

This study investigates the effects of intracellular (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe) on the efflux of Rb+ and Li+ in isolated rat hearts.87Rb and7Li NMR were used to measure Rb+ and Li+ content, r...
Introduction and disease overview

The term ‘epidemic’ has evolved dramatically from its first use by Homer and Hippocrates, through the Middle Ages when it defined the rapid propagation of diseases like the plague, to the 19th century when it was used to describe infectious diseases, and later in the 20th century where the term is applied to noninfectious diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Training O'odham as Desert Archaeologists: A Historical Remembrance

ABSTRACTSurvey and excavation of road transects on the O'odham Reservation in 1973, using BIA-funded O'odham trainees, expanded reservation prehistory beyond the four sites (Jackrabbit Ruin, Valshni Village, Ash Hill, and Ventana Cave) excavated in the 1930s and 1940s. O'odham trainees were taken to Ventana Cave and Snaketown to facilitate site and artifact recognition, thus using previous excavations in an educational capacity. Julian Hayden provided an open ear and willingness to visit sites located by survey and thereby contributed indirectly to the interpretation of data that proved significant in those early days of Papaguerian research. This O'odham archaeological program became a model for other BIA-funded National Park Service surveys on Indian reservations in Arizona and New Mexico.
Vortex precession in thin elliptical ferromagnetic nanodisks

Abstract The magnetostatic energy is calculated for a magnetic vortex in a noncircular elliptical nanodisk. It is well-known that the energy of a vortex in the circular disk is minimized though an ansatz that eliminates the magnetostatic charge at the disk edge. Beginning with this ansatz for the circular disk, a conformal mapping of a circle interior onto the interior of an ellipse results in the magnetization of the elliptical disk. This magnetization in the interior of an ellipse also has no magnetostatic charge at the disk edge also minimizing the magnetostatic energy. As expected the energy has a quadratic dependence on the displacement of the vortex core from the ellipse center, but reflecting the lower symmetry of the ellipse. Through numerical integration of the magnetostatic integral a general expression for the energy is obtained for ellipticity values from 1.0 to about 0.3. Finally a general expression for the gyrotropic frequency as described by the Thiele equation is obtained.
"I Cannot Be Worried": Living with Chagas Disease in Tropical Bolivia.

Background Chagas disease (CD) profoundly affects the social and emotional dimensions of patients’ lives, and disproportionately impacts poor, marginalized populations in Latin America. Biomedical treatment for CD fails to reach up to 99% of the people affected, and in any case seldom addresses the emotional health or socioeconomic conditions of patients. This study examines patient strategies for coping with CD in the department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Methodology In this ethnographic study, semistructured interviews took place from March-June 2013 with 63 patients who had previously tested positive for CD. During the fieldwork period, participant observation was conducted and patient family members, providers, community members, and public health officials were consulted. Principal Findings Patients often experienced emotional distress when diagnosed with CD, yet were generally unable to find biomedical treatment. Respondents stressed the need to avoid powerful emotions which would worsen the impact of CD symptoms. To manage CD, patients embraced a calm state of mind, described in Spanish as tranquilidad, which partially empowered them to return to a normal existence. Conclusions In the perceived absence of biomedical treatment options, patients seek their own means of coping with CD diagnosis. Rather than fatalism or resignation, patients’ emphasis on maintaining calm and not worrying about CD represents a pragmatic strategy for restoring a sense of normalcy and control to their lives. Programs focused on treatment of CD should remain mindful of the emotional and social impact of the disease on patients.
1.12 – Circadian Regulation of Endocrine Functions

The prominent circadian rhythms of the endocrine system are important for our broader understanding of physiology and behavior, in both health and disease. There is now much evidence that disruptions in the circadian domain, due to either external factors such as shift work or internal factors such as sleep disturbances, can lead to physiological and psychological pathologies. There is interest and urgency in understanding how time is coordinated in the body. A master circadian clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. While this is the only tissue in which autonomous rhythms are self-sustaining, the molecular machinery is present in most peripheral cells. Rather than imposing time on the body then, the SCN entrains local clocks in a tissue-specific manner. These peripheral clocks then participate in controlling rhythmic transcription of genes associated with local tissue function. In this chapter, we examine the interplay between brain and peripheral clocks in the control of endocrine rhythms.
Overexpression of a critical target of rapamycin, translation regulatory protein 4E-BP1, is largely restricted to locally advanced breast and prostate cancers and is lost with tumor invasiveness

5020 We characterized the molecular and biochemical changes in the regulation of mRNA translation associated with tumor restriction to locally advanced disease or progression to metastasis. A key event involved in tumor progression, the ability of tumor cells to maintain protein synthesis, has not been investigated in restriction of tumors to locally advanced disease. We show that restriction of mRNA translation, probably resulting from hypoxia, limits tumor cell growth to local disease, and is deregulated with progression to metastatic disease. Locally advanced breast and prostate cancers are associated with remarkable overexpression of rapamycin target, translation regulatory protein 4E-BP1, which is activated by hypoxia and promotes translation of angiogenic mRNAs. With progression of breast and prostate tumors to metastasis, 4E-BP1 over-expression is largely lost. Tumor progression to invasive disease is also associated with upregulation (3-5 fold) of the translation initiation factor eIF4G. Studies used pre-treatment tumor biopsies from locally advanced breast cancers (LABC), invasive ductal and lobular breast cancers, and locally advanced or invasive prostate cancers. We determined the changes in the translational apparatus that confer adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia and promote angiogenesis. Using immunohistochemical staining of tissue arrays and conventional sections with specific antibodies, a single key alteration of the translational apparatus was found in the mTOR/rapamycin arm of the translation pathway involving strong overexpression of the 4E-BP1 gene. 4E-BP1 was overexpressed (approximately 20 fold) compared to normal breast epithelium in 92% of LABC tumors (n=35) and 85% of locally advanced prostate tumors (n=100, up to Gleason 6). With advancement of prostate cancer to more than Gleason 7, 4E-BP1 levels declined to below that of normal matched prostate tissue (n=100). Accordingly, in invasive breast ductal carcinomas (n=40) and invasive lobular carcinomas (n=47), 4E-BP1 was only overexpressed by 3 fold in 50% of tumors and at normal levels in the remainder. The translation initiation factor eIF4G is the most limiting factor which is essential for mRNA translation, and is needed in larger amounts for efficient translation of angiogenic mRNAs such as VEGF and anti-apoptotic mRNAs such as Bcl2 which initiate translation by internal ribosome entry. eIF4G was overexpressed by more than 5 fold in 60% of LABC tumors (similar to the number that proceed to invasive disease), and greater than 80% of invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas. Thus, 4E-BP1 may be a tumor suppressor that participates in restricting progression to locally advanced disease, and locally advanced breast and prostate cancers may be better targets for rapamycin treatment than metastatic disease.
The Common Fold: Utilizing the Four-Fold to Dewarp Printed Documents from a Single Image

Handheld cameras are currently the device of choice for performing document digitization, due to their convenience, ubiquity and high performance at low cost. Software methods process a captured image, to rectify distortions and reconstruct the original document. Existing methods struggle to reconstruct a flattened version given a single image of a document distorted by folding. We propose a novel non-parametric page dewarping approach from a single image based on deep learning to identify creases due to folds on the paper. Our method then performs a 2D boundary method based on polynomial regression, and a Coons patch, to get a flattened reconstruction. We found our method improves OCR word accuracy by more than 2.5 times when compared to the original distorted image.
Moisture and Oxygen Barrier Properties of Cellulose Nanomaterial-Based Films

Applications of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years. One conceivable path lies in their commercial applications for packaging, in which their barrier properties will play an important role in determining their competiveness with conventional materials. This review critically analyzes the performance of CNMs acting as a barrier against moisture and oxygen permeation in CNM films, CNM-coated polymers and papers, and CNM-reinforced polymer composites, gives some insights into remaining challenges, and brings an overall perspective of compositing CNMs with other materials to achieve balanced properties adequate for barrier packaging. In general, CNMs are a poor moisture barrier but excellent oxygen barrier in the dry state and are still good below 65% relative humidity. The addition of CNMs can improve the oxygen barrier of the resulting polymer composites; however, neat CNM coatings and films can afford better oxygen barrier properties than dispersed CNMs in coa...
Measurement of deep structured experiences as a binary phenomenon

We developed a procedure for measuring ‘deep structured experiences’ based on a conceptualization of such experiences being binary (i.e. present or absent at a given moment) rather than continuous....
Stochastic Resonance and First Arrival Time for Excitable Systems

We study the noise induced thermally activated barrier crossing of Brownian particles that hop in a piecewise linear potential. Using the exact analytic solutions and via numerical simulations not only we explore the dependence for the first passage time of a single particle but also we calculate the first arrival time for one particle out of N particles. The first arrival time decreases as the number of particles increases as expected. We then explore the thermally activated barrier crossing rate of the system in the presence of time varying signal. The dependence of signal to noise ratio SNR as well as the power amplification ( $$\eta $$ ) on model parameters is explored. $$\eta $$ and SNR depict a pronounced peak at particular noise strength. In the presence of N particles, $$\eta $$ is considerably amplified as N steps up showing the weak periodic signal plays a vital role in controlling the noise induced dynamics of the system. Moreover, for the sake of generality, the viscous friction $$\gamma $$ is considered to decrease exponentially when the temperature T of the medium increases ( $$\gamma =Be^{-A T}$$ ) as proposed originally by Reynolds (Philos Trans R Soc Lond 177:157, 1886).
Estimation of Graphlet Counts in Massive Networks

Graphlets are induced subgraphs of a large network and are important for understanding and modeling complex networks. Despite their practical importance, graphlets have been severely limited to applications and domains with relatively small graphs. Most previous work has focused on exact algorithms ; however, it is often too expensive to compute graphlets exactly in massive networks with billions of edges, and finding an approximate count is usually sufficient for many applications. In this paper, we propose an unbiased graphlet estimation framework that is: (a) fast with large speedups compared to the state of the art; (b) parallel with nearly linear speedups; (c) accurate with less than 1% relative error; (d) scalable and space efficient for massive networks with billions of edges; and (e) effective for a variety of real-world settings as well as estimating global and local graphlet statistics (e.g., counts). On 300 networks from 20 domains, we obtain <1% relative error for all graphlets. This is vastly more accurate than the existing methods while using less data. Moreover, it takes a few seconds on billion edge graphs (as opposed to days/weeks). These are by far the largest graphlet computations to date.
Generating Topic-Oriented Summaries Using Neural Attention.

Summarizing a document requires identifying the important parts of the document with an objective of providing a quick overview to a reader. However, a long article can span several topics and a single summary cannot do justice to all the topics. Further, the interests of readers can vary and the notion of importance can change across them. Existing summarization algorithms generate a single summary and are not capable of generating multiple summaries tuned to the interests of the readers. In this paper, we propose an attention based RNN framework to generate multiple summaries of a single document tuned to different topics of interest. Our method outperforms existing baselines and our results suggest that the attention of generative networks can be successfully biased to look at sentences relevant to a topic and effectively used to generate topic-tuned summaries.
IL-22 promotes allergic airway inflammation in epicutaneously sensitized mice

Background Serum IL-22 levels are increased in patients with atopic dermatitis, which commonly precedes asthma in the atopic march. Epicutaneous sensitization in mice results in TH2-dominated skin inflammation that mimics atopic dermatitis and sensitizes the airways for antigen challenge–induced allergic inflammation characterized by the presence of both eosinophils and neutrophils. Epicutaneous sensitization results in increased serum levels of IL-22. Objective We sought to determine the role of IL-22 in antigen-driven airway allergic inflammation after inhalation challenge in epicutaneously sensitized mice. Methods Wild-type (WT) and Il22−/− mice were sensitized epicutaneously or immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intranasally with antigen. OVA T-cell receptor–specific T cells were TH22 polarized in vitro. Airway inflammation, mRNA levels in the lungs, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were examined. Results Epicutaneous sensitization preferentially elicited an IL-22 response compared with intraperitoneal immunization. Intranasal challenge of mice epicutaneously sensitized with OVA elicited in the lungs Il22 mRNA expression, IL-22 production, and accumulation of CD3+CD4+IL-22+ T cells that coexpressed IL-17A and TNF-α. Epicutaneously sensitized Il22−/− mice exhibited diminished eosinophil and neutrophil airway infiltration and decreased AHR after intranasal OVA challenge. Production of IL-13, IL-17A, and TNF-α was normal, but IFN-γ production was increased in lung cells from airway-challenged and epicutaneously sensitized Il22−/− mice. Intranasal instillation of IFN-γ–neutralizing antibody partially reversed the defect in eosinophil recruitment. WT recipients of TH22-polarized WT, but not IL-22–deficient, T-cell receptor OVA-specific T cells, which secrete both IL-17A and TNF-α, had neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation and AHR on intranasal OVA challenge. Intranasal instillation of IL-22 with TNF-α, but not IL-17A, elicited neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation and AHR in WT mice, suggesting that loss of IL-22 synergy with TNF-α contributed to defective recruitment of neutrophils into the airways of Il22−/− mice. TNF-α, but not IL-22, blockade at the time of antigen inhalation challenge inhibited airway inflammation in epicutaneously sensitized mice. Conclusion Epicutaneous sensitization promotes generation of antigen-specific IL-22–producing T cells that promote airway inflammation and AHR after antigen challenge, suggesting that IL-22 plays an important role in the atopic march.
Targeting the Unique Mechanism of Bacterial 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase

The bacterial metabolite 1-deoxy-d-xyulose 5-phosphate (DXP) is essential in bacterial central metabolism feeding into isoprenoid, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), and pyridoxal phosphate de novo biosynthesis. Halting its production through the inhibition of DXP synthase is an attractive strategy for the development of novel antibiotics. Recent work has revealed that DXP synthase utilizes a unique random sequential mechanism that requires formation of a ternary complex among pyruvate-derived C2α-lactylthiamin diphosphate (LThDP), d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (d-GAP), and enzyme, setting it apart from all other known ThDP-dependent enzymes. Herein, we describe the development of bisubstrate inhibitors bearing an acetylphosphonate (AP) pyruvate mimic and a distal negative charge mimicking the phosphoryl group of d-GAP, designed to target the unique form of DXP synthase that binds LThDP and d-GAP in a ternary complex. A d-phenylalanine-derived triazole acetylphosphonate (d-PheTrAP) emerged as the most potent inhi...
Stress Responses: pH

The balance between hydronium and hydroxyl ion concentrations in aqueous solution is most commonly represented by pH, the negative logarithm of hydronium concentration. pH affects microbial growth in numerous ways. In any given environment, from geothermal springs to human tissues, pH determines which species survive. Extracellular pH can be a signal for microbial behavior, whereas intracellular pH affects enzyme activity and reaction rates, protein stability, and structure of nucleic acids and many other biological molecules. In theory, every macromolecule is a ‘pH sensor.’ Historically, pH has played many key roles in the development of microbiology. Since ancient times, fermentation has produced storable food products containing inhibitory acids (dairy products and vinegar) or bases (Japanese natto from soybeans; African dadawa from locust beans). In mining, leaching by acidophilic lithotrophs contributes to the recovery of valuable minerals; unfortunately, acidophiles also contribute to the decay of monuments. Changes in pH caused by growth on indicator media are used to identify microbial species – for example, fermentation of sugars in MacConkey media or the respiration of TCA cycle components in Simmons agar. The function of many modern therapeutic agents, including food preservatives, antibiotics, and dental fluoride, requires a transmembrane pH gradient for concentration within the cell.
β-Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Signals Via the Novel Tyrosine Kinase RAFTK

Chemokine receptors are coupled to G-proteins and their activation results in prominent changes in cell migration and growth. The downstream signaling pathways that mediate these effects of chemokines are largely uncharacterized. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP 1β) binding to its cognate receptor CCR5 resulted in activation of the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK), with subsequent activation of the cytoskeletal protein paxillin and the downstream transcriptional activators, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Inhibition of RAFTK by a dominant-negative kinase mutant markedly attenuated JNK/SAPK activity. Thus, RAFTK appears to provide a functional “bridge” for the transmission of CCR5 receptor signaling to the cytoskeleton and nucleus, primary sites of chemotaxis and growth regulation.
Other Malignant Neoplasms of the Kidney Including Metastatic Lesions

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric kidney tumor. Ninety-eight percent of WT are diagnosed under 10 years of age; adult instances are rare. The most common presentation is an abdominal mass. WT may be sporadic or syndrome associated. It is unique among renal parenchymal neoplasms because there is a known precursor lesion, i.e., nephrogenic rests. The pathogenesis of WT is related to consistent genetic findings in WT1 at 11p13 and WT2 at 11p15. The WT1 gene and its transcription factors are responsible for normal renal, gonadal, and cardiac development. Germline mutations of WT1 are found in patients with Denys-Drash and Wilms tumor-aniridia-genitourinary malformation-mental retardation (WAGR) syndromes. The WT2 gene mutation is found in a large proportion of sporadic Wilms tumors and also as a part of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The ontogeny of WT and its complexity has been recently studied and a new revised model with therapeutic and prognostic implications has been proposed.
Epidermal Langerhans' cells and their function in the skin immune system.

Objective This article reviews the role of the epidermal Langerhans' cell in contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Included in this review are sections on the historical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic aspects of the Langerhans' cell. Differences between freshly isolated and cultured Langerhans' cells are reviewed in terms of cell surface markers and functional differences. The different IgE binding structures on the surface of Langerhans' cells are reviewed with discussion of their possible roles. The effects of different cytokines in the microenvironment are also commented upon. Other diseases where the Langerhans' cell is important such as histiocytosis X, HIV-1 infection, and skin graft rejection are briefly reviewed. Data sources English literature search (1974-1994), indexing terms: Langerhans' cells, atopic dermatitis, IgE. Study selection The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent knowledge of Langerhans' cell function and relate this to the allergist/immunologist. Results/conclusions Epidermal Langerhans' cells play a central role in the immune response in exhibiting multiple cell-surface receptors and secreting a variety of cytokines that are important in the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, histiocytosis X, HIV-1 infection, and skin graft rejection.
Bioengineering of the Lower Urinary Tract

The goal of urinary tissue engineering is to develop biologic substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function. Investigators have attempted alternative reconstructive procedures for bladder replacement or repair such as the use of tissue expansion, matrices for tissue regeneration, and tissue engineering with cell transplantation. A critical aspect of regenerating a large portion of bladder tissue is the bioscaffold selection, which could be natural or synthetic polymers. Since cells cannot be implanted in volumes exceeding 3 cubic millimeters, because of the limitations of nutrition and gas exchange, vascularization of the regenerating cells is essential. Culturing the harvested cells from the organ of interest and different types of stem cells are potential sources of cells in tissue regeneration. Ureter and urethra have been other targets for tissue regeneration. Ureteral nonseeded matrices have been used as a scaffold for the ingrowth of ureteral tissue in rats. Also, synthetic biomaterials, tabularized and seeded with autologous cells have been used in urethral reconstruction. Recent progresses suggest that engineered urologic tissues and cell therapy has great potential but challenges remain.
Comparative Physiology of Platelets from Different Species

The mammalian blood platelet contributes to hemostasis as a result of its ability to adhere to exposed subendothelial collagen and to respond to stimuli, including, thromobin and adenosine diphosphate, with formation of platelet aggregates. In general, platelets from companion and food-producing animals, and rodents have similar morphology but vary considerably in size (Clemmons et al. 1983). Platelet volume varies from large (15.1 fl) in cats, to intermediate (7.6 to 8.3 fl) in pig and dog, to small (3.2 to 5.4 fl) in cattle, horse, sheep, rat, guinea pig, and mouse (Jain 1993). With few exceptions, platelets of various species contain a plasma membrane, circumfrential microtubular system, mitochondria, alpha granules, dense bodies, glycogen granules, and an open canalicular system. However, ruminant platelets lack an organized microtubular system and an open canalicular system. Species differences in the number and relative abundance of membrane glycoproteins occur.
Scaling in Nervous Networks

Why are biological structures shaped or organized like they are? For example, why is the brain in the head, why is the cortex folded, why are there cortical areas, why are neurons and arteries shaped like they are, and why do animals have as many limbs as they do? Many aspects of morphology can be usefully treated as networks, including all the examples just mentioned. In this chapter I introduce concepts from network theory, or graph theory, and discuss how we can use these ideas to frame questions and discover principles governing brain and body networks.
Conformable Fractional Approximation by Choquet Integrals

Here we present the conformable fractional quantitative approximation of positive sublinear operators to the unit operator. These are given a precise Choquet integral interpretation. Initially we start with the study of the conformable fractional rate of the convergence of the well-known Bernstein–Kantorovich–Choquet and Bernstein–Durrweyer–Choquet polynomial Choquet-integral operators. Then we study in the fractional sense the very general comonotonic positive sublinear operators based on the representation theorem of Schmeidler [12]. We continue with the conformable fractional approximation by the very general direct Choquet-integral form positive sublinear operators. The case of convexity is also studied thoroughly and the estimates become much simpler. All approximations are given via inequalities involving the modulus of continuity of the approximated function’s higher order conformable fractional derivative. It follows [5].
Rural Cuzco before and after Inka Imperial Conquest: Foodways, Status, and Identity (Maras, Peru)

State expansion brings cultural change or persistence, and foodways reveal how status and identity result from these events. We examine diet choices and food service at two large villages in the Inka imperial heartland (Cuzco, Peru). Yunkaray was occupied during the time of early Inka expansion (eleventh to fifteenth centuries), whereas Cheqoq housed a late imperial (fifteenth to sixteenth centuries) multiethnic retainer population serving the Inka nobility. We use faunal remains and ceramic assemblages to reveal the uneven process of “Inkanization” and find that migrated retainer laborers had greater affinities with Inka practices than early Inka marriage partners.
Pneumococcal Vaccination Utilization Among Hispanic Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Cross-Sectional Assessment of Claims.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cancer-related cause of death in the United States. However, survivorship has been increasing. Both cancer survivors and underserved populations experience unique health-related challenges and disparities that may exist among long-term CRC survivors as it relates to routine preventive care, specifically pneumococcal (PNM) vaccination. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between long-term CRC survival and the receipt of PNM vaccine among Hispanic Medicare recipients compared with non-Hispanic populations. Methods This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare claims data examining ethnic differences in the receipt of PNM vaccination among long-term CRC survivors. Multivariable logistic regression models considered Hispanic ethnicity while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity score, age, tumor stage, and SEER registry. Results Our sample revealed 32,501 long-term CRC survivors, and 1509 identified as Hispanic (4.64%) based on an established SEER algorithm. In total, 16,252 CRC survivors, or 50.00% of our sample, received a PNM vaccination. We found that Hispanic CRC survivors had 10% decreased odds of having received a PNM vaccine compared with non-Hispanic survivors (P=.03). Conclusions Disparities likely exist in the utilization of PNM vaccination among long-term CRC survivors. Among Medicare beneficiaries, the use of claims data regarding PNM vaccination highlights the relatively poor utilization of guideline-directed preventive care.
3D Stereophotogrammetry versus Traditional Craniofacial Anthropometry: Comparing Measurements from the 3D Facial Norms Database to Farkas’s North American Norms.

Introduction Datasets of soft-tissue craniofacial anthropometric norms collected with the use of different methods are available, but there is little understanding of how the measurements compare. Here we compare a set of standard facial measurements between 2 large datasets: the 3D Facial Norms (3DFN) dataset collected with the use of 3D stereophotogrammetry (n = 2454), and the Farkas craniofacial norms collected with the use of direct anthropometry (n = 2326). Methods A common set of 24 craniofacial linear distances were compared by computing standardized effect sizes (Cohen d) for each measurement to describe the overall direction and magnitude of the difference between the 2 datasets. Results Variables with higher mean d values (suggesting greater discrepancy across datasets) included measurements involving the ear landmark tragion, the landmark nasion, the width of nasolabial structures, the vermilion portion of the lips, and palpebral fissure length. Variables with lower mean d values included smaller midline measurements involving the lips and lower face and horizontal distance measures between the eyes. Eight measurements showed a significant negative correlation (P Conclusions There are considerable differences between the 3DFN and Farkas norms. In addition to the measurement methods, other factors accounting for discrepancies may include secular trends in craniofacial morphology or differences in ethnic composition.
Rheological study of elastomeric nanocomposites

Abstract The present chapter aims to review the current knowledge on viscoelasticity of rubber composites filled with nanofillers (carbon and silica particles). The linearity and non-linearity (Payne effect) viscoelasticity have been reported from an experimental and theoretical point of view. We conclude that the mechanism of particle-particle interaction between fillers (from the power law on the equilibrium modulus Ge and the critical strain γc) is relevant to explain the non-linearity effect in nanocomposites. Furthermore, the nanocomposites exhibit complex shear-rheological properties, so the description of their flow behavior is still a challenge. From a fundamental point of view, we tried to understand how the nanofiller particles modify the properties of the polymer matrix. Actually, due to different and possible flow conditions, the influence of the nano-filler nature or concentration on the shear viscosity was qualitative discussed in terms of interactions (particle-particle and particle-elastomer) and their influence on the extrudate swell and wall slip in processing machines. Finally, the compression set of rubber nanocomposites has been investigated. The results from the literature are scarce and qualitative. It is then quite difficult to have a clear trend of the influence of nanofillers on the compression set variations. Therefore, a better understanding is needed in terms of linearity and non-linearity for controlling this important property required in many industrial applications.
APOL1 Genotyping in Potential African American Living Kidney Donors: Utility and Cost-Effectiveness.

Background: Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) variants predispose to nondiabetic kidney disease in African American (AA) patients. Here, we share our experience with APOL1 genotyping of AA potential living kidney donors and offer a perspective on its utility and cost-effectiveness in this population. Methods: Since May 2017, all potential AA living kidney donors at our center underwent APOL1 genotyping early in the donor evaluation process. APOL1 high-risk individuals were declined, whereas those with low-risk genotype continued with further evaluation and testing. Results: One out of 26 potential donors had high-risk genotype and was therefore declined. The rest were eligible to continue the donor evaluation process and 7 of them underwent donor nephrectomy without any complications. A crude cost analysis utilizing our sample suggested probable cost-effectiveness of APOL1 genotyping as it can prevent earlier onset of chronic kidney disease in AA donors. Conclusion: We propose a role for systematically incorporating APOL1 genotyping in the evaluation and informed consent process of potential AA donors while acknowledging the controversial considerations associated with it.
CrossVis: A visual analytics system for exploring heterogeneous multivariate data with applications to materials and climate sciences

Abstract We present a new visual analytics system, called CrossVis, that allows flexible exploration of multivariate data with heterogeneous data types. After presenting the design requirements, which were derived from prior collaborations with domain experts, we introduce key features of CrossVis beginning with a tabular data model that coordinates multiple linked views and performance enhancements that enable scalable exploration of complex data. Next, we introduce extensions to the parallel coordinates plot, which include new axis representations for numerical, temporal, categorical, and image data, an embedded bivariate axis option, dynamic selections, focus+context axis scaling, and graphical indicators of key statistical values. We demonstrate the practical effectiveness of CrossVis through two scientific use cases; one focused on understanding neural network image classifications from a genetic engineering project and another involving general exploration of a large and complex data set of historical hurricane observations. We conclude with discussions regarding domain expert feedback, future enhancements to address limitations, and the interdisciplinary process used to design CrossVis.
Epidemiological characteristics of mosquito-borne diseases in Liuzhou, 2005-2016

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mosquito-borne diseases in Liuzhou city during 2005-2016, so as to provide scientific basis for the risk assessment and the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted. Results A total of 149 cases of 3 kinds of mosquito-borne diseases were reported accumulatively in Liuzhou during 2005-2016 with the annual average incidence of 0.35/10 000, of whom there were 72 cases (3 cases died) with epidemic encephalitis B, 74 cases with malaria and 3 cases with dengue fever (all were imported cases) . Sanjiang County had the highest mosquito-borne disease incidence of 1.29/10 000. Onset time mainly concentrated in June to August, which was accounted for 73.15% (109/149) . The average onset age was 35.93 years old, and male and female ratio was 7.22∶1. Epidemic encephalitis B was mainly distributed in under 10 years old age group with local cases. Malaria was mainly distributed in between 20 to 50 years old group, 39 cases were imported cases. Conclusions The mosquito borne infectious diseases in Liuzhou are mainly children B encephalitis and imported malaria cases, and case monitoring and media comprehensive treatment should be strengthened. Key words: Arbovirus infections; Epidemiological characteristics; Surveillance
Deep Learning Classification of Lipid Droplets in Quantitative Phase Images

We report the application of supervised machine learning to the automated classification of lipid-droplets in label-free, quantitative-phase images. By comparing various machine learning methods that are publicly available and commonly used in biomedical imaging and remote sensing, we found convolutional neural networks to outperform others, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We describe our imaging approach, the implementation of all machine learning methods that we compared, and their performance in computational requirements, training resource needs, and accuracy. Overall, our results indicate that quantitative-phase imaging coupled to machine learning enables accurate lipid droplet classification in single living cells. As such, the present paradigm presents an excellent replacement candidate of the more common fluorescent and Raman imaging modalities by enabling label-free, ultra-low phototoxicity and deeper insight into the thermodynamics of metabolism at the single-cell level.
Impairment of glymphatic flow secondary to large terminal internal carotid artery aneurysm: Case report.

HIGHLIGHTS • We report the first case of aneurysm-associated VRS resulting in hydrocephalus. • We discuss the effects of cerebral glymphatic-mediated circulation and aneurysms. • Aneurysm mass effect disrupts glymphatic drainage along lenticulostriate arteries • Symptomatic enlarged VRS can be effectively treated with shunt or cyst fenestration
Uncorrelated Modes of the Nonlinear Power Spectrum

Nonlinear evolution causes the galaxy power spectrum to become broadly correlated over different wavenumbers. It is shown that prewhitening the power spectrum - transforming the power spectrum in such a way that the noise covariance becomes proportional to the unit matrix - greatly narrows the covariance of power. The eigenfunctions of the covariance of the prewhitened nonlinear power spectrum provide a set of almost uncorrelated nonlinear modes somewhat analogous to the Fourier modes of the power spectrum itself in the linear, Gaussian regime. These almost uncorrelated modes make it possible to construct a near minimum variance estimator and Fisher matrix of the prewhitened nonlinear power spectrum analogous to the Feldman-Kaiser-Peacock estimator of the linear power spectrum. The paper concludes with summary recipes, in gourmet, fine, and fastfood versions, of how to measure the prewhitened nonlinear power spectrum from a galaxy survey in the FKP approximation. An Appendix presents FFTLog, a code for taking the fast Fourier or Hankel transform of a periodic sequence of logarithmically spaced points, which proves useful in some of the manipulations.
In vivo Compositional Changes in the Articular Cartilage of the Patellofemoral Joint following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE To compare T1ρ relaxation times of the medial and lateral regions of the patella and femoral trochlea at 6 and 12 months post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the ACLR and contralateral limb. Greater T1ρ relaxation times are associated with a lesser proteoglycan density of articular cartilage. METHODS Twenty individuals (11 males, 9 females; age=22±3.9yrs; mass=76.11±13.48kg; height=178.32±12.32) who underwent a previous unilateral ACLR using a patellar tendon autograft. Magnetic resonance images from both limbs were acquired at 6 and 12 months post-ACLR. Voxel by voxel T1ρ relaxation times were calculated using a five-image sequence. The medial and lateral regions of the femoral trochlea and patellar articular cartilage were manually segmented on both limbs. Separate limb (ACLR and contralateral limb) by time (6-months and 12-months) ANOVAs were performed for each region (P<0.05). RESULTS For the medial patella and lateral trochlea, T1ρ relaxation times increased in both limbs between 6 and 12-months post-ACLR (medial patella: P=0.012; lateral trochlea: P=0.043). For the lateral patella, T1ρ relaxation times were significantly greater on the contralateral limb compared to the ACLR limb (P=0.001). The T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea on the ACLR limb were significantly greater at 6 (P=0.005) and 12-months (P<0.001) compared to the contralateral limb. T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea significantly increased from 6 to 12-months on the ACLR limb (P=0.003). CONCLUSION Changes in T1ρ relaxation times occur within the first 12 months following ACLR in specific regions of the patellofemoral joint on the ACLR and contralateral limb.
Manually scanned single fiber optical coherence tomography for skin cancer characterization

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a cross-sectional imaging modality based on low coherence light interferometry. Within dermatology, it has found applications for in vivo diagnostic imaging purposes, as well as to guide Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), due to its ability to visualize skin morphology up to several millimeters in depth. However, standard OCT probes have a large footprint and capture an extended area of the skin, making it difficult to precisely pinpoint clinically relevant location being imaged. Mohs surgeons stand to benefit from a handheld in vivo imaging device that can accurately trace surgical margins. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a single fiber OCT (sfOCT) instrument. Our imaging system features a miniature common path single fiber probe, and a novel speckle decorrelation technique that generates distortion free 2D images from manual scanning.By manually moving the single-fiber probe across the region of interest, the user can perform a lateral OCT scan while visualizing the location of the probe during data acquisition. Using the sfOCT, we have identified normal skin morphology, qualitatively correlated features of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with histopathology, and quantified the disruption of the dermo-epidermal junction OCT pattern in skin tumors-each demonstrating the potential of utilizing sfOCT to differentiate tumor from normal skin. Using this imaging tool, a Mohs surgeon can enhance determination of surgical margins for the first stage of MMS, potentially decreasing the time and number of stages required for complete tumor removal.
WORKSHOP: [For GTAs] Engaging Students and Giving Feedback as a GTA (90 mins)

This session is designed for GTAs from all disciplines to meet other GTAs and to get tips and strategies for engaging students (and keeping them engaged) in online and face-to-face courses, as well as strategies for giving feedback on student assignments or in virtual office hours.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control using a bilinear Carleman linearization-based formulation for chemical processes

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has gained widespread acceptance in industry due to its capability of coping with constraints, handling multiple-input-multiple-output systems and evolving control policy. One significant barrier to the development of MPC is its complexity in computation when encountering nonlinear systems, the resulting feedback delays, and the consequent loss of controller performance as well as stability issues. In this manuscript, we propose a new formulation of MPC for nonlinear systems based on Carleman linearization. The nonlinear dynamic constraints are modeled with bilinear representations. This formulation enables analytical computation of NMPC. Optimization is accelerated by providing sensitivity of the cost function to the control signals. A case study example using a nonlinear isothermal CSTR is presented, demonstrating that the proposed formulation reduces computational efforts.
94 GHz bidirectional variable gain amplifier in 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS for phased array transmit and receive (T/R) applications

This paper presents a bidirectional variable gain amplifier (VGA) for W-band phased array transmit and receive (T/R) application. The VGA is based on cascode topology and employs T-type matching networks combined with load inductor and transistor parasitics to serve for both input and output matching when establishing directional signal flow. The VGA is implemented in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Measurement results show −1∼5.7 dB of gain control range, 9.5 dB NF, and −8.5 dBm IP −1dB at 94 GHz at the expense of 9.9 m W of power dissipation. The reverse isolation is better than −18 dB at 94 GHz. Chip size is 0.56×56 mm2 including pads.
Collaboration: That Awful "C" Word

Variables such as free will, experience, reflection, and self-beliefs have consistently emerged over the last two decades as factors affecting collaboration. The purpose of this article was to help confirm the evidence and, more important, to emphasize the power of self-reflection in successful collaboration. Dewey (1933) knew about the power of thinking, and willingly relinquished his claim on reflectivity in a way that others might consider its significance in educational change. The major premise of this article, in fact, is that reflection guides free will and the personality traits involved in collaboration—the purported change agent of the new century. In addition, the acculturation process is negotiated as a possible resolution to the social, political, cultural, and linguistic conflict embedded in collaboration. Toward that end, Bruffee's (1993) model of acculturation, which suggests a radical reordering of majority to minority perspectives, provides a possible resolution to the constituent empowerment delemma that continues to haunt both proponents and opponents of collaborative reform.