cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segmenting meetings into agenda items by extracting implicit supervision from human note-taking

Splitting a meeting into segments such that each segment contains discussions on exactly one agenda item is useful for tasks such as retrieval and summarization of agenda item discussions. However, accurate topic segmentation of meetings is a difficult task. In this paper, we investigate the idea of acquiring implicit supervision from human meeting participants to solve the segmentation problem. Specifically we have implemented and tested a note taking interface that gives value to users by helping them organize and retrieve their notes easily, but that also extracts a segmentation of the meeting based on note taking behavior. We show that the segmentation so obtained achieves a Pk value of 0.212 which improves upon an unsupervised baseline by 45% relative, and compares favorably with a current state-of-the-art algorithm. Most importantly, we achieve this performance without any features or algorithms in the classic sense.
Yoke Analog Vertical Deflection Systems

The yoke analog consists of a series RC network connected across the yoke. If the time constant of this network is exactly equal to the L/R time constant of the yoke, the voltage across the resistor of the RC network will, at all times, be the same as the voltage across the inductive component of the yoke. Since a linear current ramp through the yoke requires a constant voltage across its inductive component, linear scan can be achieved by sensing the analog voltage, comparing it to a D.C. reference voltage and amplifying any error voltage so as to change the yoke current in the required manner. The discussion compares the yoke analog system with conventional systems and cites the relative merits of the analog approach. The generalized design procedures for yoke analog systems are discussed and one particular circuit is covered in detail.
A new concept and surgical technique for the treatment of large omphaloceles

The omphalocele, a congenital abdominal defect, is still associated with difficulties in surgical management. In the medium and large forms, the liver may also partly or entirely herniate, allowing only staged surgical reintegration using technical artifices. Our procedure, performed in a series of nine patients, consists of a two-stage resection of the avascular membrane. In the first stage the remaining membrane is resutured to the skin edge; integration of two-thirds of the omphalocele is obtained. After 10 – 14 days suturing of the abdominal wall is possible. In large omphaloceles where eventration persists, suturing of the abdominal wall should be performed by the age of 1 year.
Feasibility of multimodality therapy including extended resections in stage IVA thymoma

Objective Extended resections for advanced-stage thymomas are not commonly performed because of the potential morbidity in the face of unclear survival or palliative benefit. We reviewed our experience with multimodality treatment for Masaoka stage IVA thymomas for feasibility and outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of a single-institution surgical database. Data included patient demographics, preoperative staging and treatment, perioperative events, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes. Results During the period from 1996 to 2006, 18 patients who had Masaoka stage IVA thymoma underwent surgical resection. All patients received preoperative chemotherapy. Four patients with extensive pleural involvement underwent concomitant extrapleural pneumonectomy and postoperative hemithoracic radiation. Complete resection was achieved in 12 (67%) patients. There was no operative mortality. With a median follow-up of 32.2 months (range 1.4–129.9 months), 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survivals were 91%, 78%, and 65%, respectively, and median survival has not yet been reached. Conclusion Multimodality therapy including extended surgical resection can be performed in select patients with stage IVA thymoma with low morbidity and mortality and can result in excellent long-term survival.
EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF FORCE REFLECTING HAND CONTROLLER

Abstract This paper describes the time-domain identification of the three translational degrees-of-freedom of a six degree-of-freedom hand controller, used to teleoperate Robonaut, a humanoid robotic assistant developed by NASA. Each axis is independently identified due to the decoupled nature of the manipulator design. Results of the identification experiments are presented, including implications of assumptions of decoupling and linearity. Future work will include identification of the rotational degrees of freedom of the FRHC gimbal, development of a linear parameter varying model, and incorporation of this model into a simulation of the bilateral teleoperation system.
Objective and self-reported factors associated with food-environment perceptions and fruit-and-vegetable consumption: a multilevel analysis.

Introduction Few studies have assessed how people’s perceptions of their neighborhood environment compare with objective measures or how self-reported and objective neighborhood measures relate to consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Basis for the use of localized hypothermia during radical pelvic surgery

Controlled tissue cooling has been used therapeutically for decades to mitigate the negative effects of traumatic, ischemic, and surgical insults. Finley proposes that since recovery of urinary continence and erectile function is improved when localized hypothermia is used during radical prostatectomy, similar benefits might be observed for other types of radical pelvic surgery.
HIV‐1 Load Quantitation: A 17‐Year Perspective

During the past decade and a half, quantitation of plasma-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level, or HIV-1 load, has been validated in clinical practice and clinical trials as an important surrogate marker of HIV-1 disease progression and of the potency and durability of antiretroviral regimens. This review highlights some of the history, accomplishments, and impact of Tom Merigan's laboratory on the use of HIV-1 load as a marker, as well as on updating technologies for determining HIV-1 load, their performance, interpretation of the results, and their use in clinical practice.
A fluorometric method for determining trace quantities of fluoride

A very selective method has been developed for the determination ofμg quantities of fluoride based on the fluorescence quenching by fluoride of the zirconium-flavonol chelate. The fluorescence intensity is read at 460 nm. The reduction in fluorescence intensity caused by the fluoride is a measure of the fluoride concentration present.
Governance and innovation

Abstract I examine the relation between the presence of governance provisions and corporate innovation for a sample of firms between 1984 and 1997. I find a positive relation between four proxies for innovation and the broad Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003) Index. However, in subsample analyses, I find that only those provisions that officers and directors actively adopt are positively related to innovation; coverage by state-level antitakeover legislation is typically unassociated or negatively associated with innovation. The evidence suggests that it is the visibility of officers and directors' actions rather than the potency of the takeover protection that best explains the observed pattern.
Antimicrobial properties of an oxidizer produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia P525.

A compound with both oxidizing properties and antibiotic properties was extracted and purified from broth cultures of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain P525. A four step purification procedure was used to increase its specific activity ~400-fold and to yield a HPLC–UV chromatogram containing a single major peak. Size exclusion chromatography suggests a molecular mass of ~1,150 and UV spectroscopy suggests the presence of a polyene structure consisting of as many as six conjugated double bonds. Biological studies indicate that the compound is bacteriostatic. Enterobacter soli and E. aerogenes cells incubated with the compound exhibit a longer lag phase of growth. The bacteriostatic activity is greater at pH 3 than at pH 5. Bacteria such as B. cenocepacia strain P525 may have value in the agricultural industry as biocontrol agents.
Cell membrane and cytoplasmic epidermal growth factor receptor expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

The significance of over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in pancreatic carcinoma is unclear. In this study, we examined the association between EGFR over-expression (membranous and cytoplasmic), the associated histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in post-resection pancreatic cancer patients. EGFR expression was determined immunohistochemically in 90 patients who underwent resection for pancreatic cancer. Cytoplasmic expression was considered positive if EGFR expression was seen in the cytoplasm in ≥10% of cells. Cell membrane staining was scored from 0 to 3+, with 2+ and 3+ being considered as membrane over-expression. Overall survival and progression-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival curves were compared by the log-rank test. Out of 90 patients, 51 (57%) and 74 (68%) patients had membrane and cytoplasmic EGFR over-expression, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between cell membrane EGFR over-expression and lymph node positivity (P = 0.03). Patients with membrane EGFR over-expression had a shorter median progression-free survival (10.7 vs. 17.0 months, P = 0.02) and overall survival (15.9 months vs. 25.3 months, P = 0.17). Cytoplasmic EFGR over-expression was not significantly associated with recurrence or survival. Membrane EGFR over-expression in resected pancreatic cancer patients was associated with worse clinical outcomes than non-over-expression.
High-momentum-transfer electron scattering from $sup 6$Li in a deformed cluster model

A simplified version of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}d$ cluster formalism developed by Neudatchin, Smirnov, and their collaborators gives good agreement with the most recent elastic and inelastic (2.189-MeV) electron scattering data of Li et al. for momentum transfer ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}6.5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Inclusion of lowest-order effects of dynamical volume deformations of the intercluster density extends the agreement to ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10.5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The contribution of the latter to the elastic form factor may be interpreted as due to an effective spherically symmetric "modulating charge" distribution superimposed upon the smoothly varying distribution responsible for the scattering at lower momentum transfer. This modulating charge is calculated explicitly and exhibits an oscillatory behavior. A similar analysis is carried out in the inelastic channel.
Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers

Ocean container carriers have implemented slow steaming (reduced vessel speeds) in recent years to improve fuel efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, many shippers oppose the practice due to increased pipeline inventory associated with longer transit times. Given this conflict, this article seeks to quantify the costs and benefits of slow steaming relative to carriers and shippers. We simulate a high volume Asia-North America container trade lane to estimate slow steaming impacts under different vessel speeds, volumes and fuel prices. Under current conditions, the results justify slow steaming practices, revealing extra slow steaming as the most beneficial vessel speed with a 20 per cent reduction in total costs and a 43 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Extra slow steaming is also optimal for future volumes and a wide range of fuel prices. Furthermore, the results detail carrier and shipper cost trade-offs, thus offering practical evidence and transparency to the industry on how to create financial equity in facilitating contractual-based agreements for vessel speed standards.
High Concordance of Gene Methylation in Post-Digital Rectal Examination and Post-Biopsy Urine Samples for Prostate Cancer Detection

Purpose: We evaluated the concordance between post-digital rectal examination and post-prostate biopsy urine samples using conventional methylation specific polymerase chain reaction analysis of 3 gene promoters in patients with suspected or confirmed prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Voided urine specimens were collected from 17 men after 15-second digital rectal examination and again after transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate for suspected malignancy or for followup biopsy as part of an expectant management protocol. Urine sediment DNA was isolated and subjected to bisulfite modification. Methylation of GSTP1, EDNRB and APC promoters was determined by conventional methylation specific polymerase chain reaction analysis in post-digital rectal examination and post-biopsy samples, and correlated with clinical information.Results: Prostate cancer was detected on prostate biopsy in 12 of 17 patients (71%). Promoter methylation was detected in post-digital rectal examination urine specime...
Continental sources of halocarbons and nitrous oxide

Estimates of continental sources of CFC-11, CFC-12, CCl4, CH3CCl3 and N2O are derived from the atmospheric lifetime experiment in Adrigole, Ireland, and anthropogenic emissions of CCl4 and N2O from Europe have been identified. Relative source strengths are consistent with global budgets for the halocarbons and N2O. Different industrial release patterns for halocarbons are observed for Europe, the western United States and Australia.
The Relationship Between Parents' Verbal Aggressiveness and Responsiveness and Young Adult Children's Attachment Style and Relational Satisfaction with Parents

Guided largely by an attachment theory perspective, a two-part study was conducted to determine the effects of perceived and self-report parent verbal aggression and responsiveness on young adult children's attachment style and relational satisfaction with parents. In part one, 205 undergraduate students completed an in-person self-administered survey. In part two, mail surveys were sent to 389 parents; 79% of parents returned the surveys. As hypothesized, mothers and fathers of children with a secure attachment style were perceived as significantly lower in verbal aggression and higher in responsiveness than parents of children with nonsecure attachment styles. Further, perceived and self-report parent verbal aggression was negatively related to, and perceived and self-report parent responsiveness was positively related to, young adult children's relational satisfaction with both mothers and fathers. Implications for these and other findings are discussed.
A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records

Cunaxidae are predaceous mites found in a variety of habitats. This work provides comprehensive keys to world subfamilies, genera, and species. Diagnoses and historical reviews are provided for subfamilies and genera. Cunaxa boneti, C. denmarki, C. exoterica, C. floridanus, C. lehmanae, C. lukoschusi, C. metzi, C. myabunderensis, C newyorkensis, C. rackae, C. reevesi, and C. reticulatus are moved to Rubroscirus and C. otiosus,﻿ C. valentis, and C. rasile are returned to Rubroscirus. Cunaxoides neopectinatus is moved to Pulaeus. Neocunaxoides pradhani and N. gilbertoi are transferred to Scutopalus. Pulaeus minutus and P. subterraneus are moved to Lupaeus. Pseudobonzia bakari, P. malookensis, and P. shamshadi are transferred to Neobonzia. Dactyloscirus bifidus is transferred to Armascirus. Scirula papillata is reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time. Armascirus ozarkensis, A. primigenius, and Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus are reported from new localities.
Thermal analysis of complex relaxation processes in poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine arylates)

Abstract The goal of this study is to better understand the thermal characteristics and molecular behavior of two poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine arylates). These two polymers were chosen from a combinatorial library of polymers developed by changing the type and size of the two substitutable chain locations. The objective of this work was to describe the origin of the complex relaxation processes that have been observed by thermal analysis methods. DSC, TMA and TSC studies were conducted on poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine dodecyl dodecanedioate), poly(DT 12,10), and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl succinate), poly(DT 2,2), in film and fiber form. DSC experiments on poly(DT 2,2) show only a glass transition at about 80 °C which is characteristic of an amorphous polymer. The DSC of poly(DT 12,10) shows multiple thermal events indicative of a more complex internal structure. The thermally stimulated current (TSC) analysis results for poly(DT 2,2) indicate a region of molecular mobility at about 80 °C consistent with the T g from DSC. For poly(DT 12,10) there is a dipole relaxation process observed at about 40 °C. An additional region of mobility at 60 °C for poly(DT 12,10) fibers is observed. The comparison of conventional TSC with a modified TSC procedure suggests that this process represents a spontaneous reorganization of the internal structure of the solid. The comparison of DSC and TSC results suggests that poly(DT 12,10) has two distinct modes of organization with a transition between these modes at about 60 °C. Previously published results indicate that solid state structure formation is related to two different modes of hydrogen bonding in the internal structure of the solid.
Targeting the function of inner experiences in obsessive compulsive and related disorders

Current versions of cognitive behavior therapy have been shown to be effective for obsessive compulsive and related disorders. Recently there has been an increased shift toward targeting the function of inner experiences (e.g. obsessions, urges to hair pull) over their form or content. A handful of treatments target the function of inner experiences to such a large extent that they might be considered a shift. This paper reviews these treatments and their supporting data in the treatment of obsessive compulsive and related disorders.
On the Erdös–Simonovits–Sós Conjecture about the Anti-Ramsey Number of a Cycle

Given a positive integer $n$ and a family ${\cal F}$ of graphs, let $f(n,{\cal F})$ denote the maximum number of colours in an edge-colouring of $K_n$ such that no subgraph of $K_n$ belonging to ${\cal F}$ has distinct colours on its edges. Erdos, Simonovits and Sos [6] conjectured for fixed $k$ with $k\geq3$ that $f(n,C_k)\,{=}\, (\frac{k-2}{2}+\frac{1}{k-1})n + O(1)$. This has been proved for $k\leq7$. For general $k$, in this paper we improve the previous bound of $(k-2)n-\big({{k\,{-}\,1}\atop{2}}\big)$ to $f(n,C_k)\leq (\frac{k+1}{2}-\frac{2}{k-1})n - (k-2)$. For even $k$, we further improve it to $\frac{k}{2}n-(k-2)$. We also prove that $f(n,\{C_k,C_{k+1},C_{k+2}\})\leq (\frac{k-2}{2}+\frac{1}{k-1})n-1$, which is sharp.
Intercept Centering and Time Coding in Latent Difference Score Models.

Latent difference score (LDS) models combine benefits derived from autoregressive and latent growth curve models allowing for time-dependent influences and systematic change. The specification and ...
Electric birefringence of electrolytes near charged surfaces, I

We investigate electric birefringence of aqueous electrolyte solutions near a negatively charged silica glass surface using evanescent wave laser polarimetry (EWLP). By probing changes in the polarization state of visible light totally internally reflected at the solid-liquid interface, EWLP facilitates unprecedented measurements of electric-field-induced birefringence in a thin electrolyte film, O (150 nm), adsorbed on the glass surface. For aqueous NaCl and MgCl 2 solutions (1-100 mM), these measurements reveal Kerr law behavior over a range of pH and solution concentrations. The Kerr coefficients are, however, several orders of magnitude larger than values normally obtained from bulk electric birefringence measurements. We propose that formation of anisotropic, polarizable ionic clusters near the glass surface is the source of these observations. Orientation of the clusters by the electric field is confined in the plane defined by the glass/electrolyte interface and is attributed to rearrangement of the constituent ions. Birefringence relaxation measurements reveal relaxation times, r, many orders of magnitude larger than typically observed in molecular fluids. These measurements also show that r is independent of both the electrolyte concentration, c, and pH. We discuss these latter observations in terms of an ion redistribution process, wherein the intrinsic surface adsorption-desorption rates of ions in the clusters determine the time constant for relaxation of surface birefringence.
The structure of Stoehr's GlycerinȨther

Stoehr's Glycerinather has been shown to be the ether ofcis 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl) dioxane.
Crystallization relationship between poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] crystals

Abstract Whenever solution grown α-form (3D) crystals of poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] (PBPP) are heated in the thermotropic region between T(1) and Tm (the isotropic temperature) they transform into 2D pseudohexagonal, δ-form crystals. Upon rapid quenching a film into liquid nitrogen, the δ-form is ‘frozen-in’ and remains in this form when warmed up to room temperature. Further heating close to T(1) produces hexagonal ordering ascertained in the ( a∗b∗ ) plane providing (hk0) reflections which are related to the monoclinic α-form of PBPP; this has been confirmed by electron diffraction measurements.
Large solutions to non-monotone semilinear elliptic systems

Abstract We present the existence of entire large positive radial solutions for the non-monotonic system Δ u = p ( | x | ) g ( v ) , Δ v = q ( | x | ) f ( u ) on R n where n ⩾ 3 . The functions f and g satisfy a Keller–Osserman type condition while nonnegative functions p and q are required to satisfy the decay conditions ∫ 0 ∞ t p ( t ) d t ∞ and ∫ 0 ∞ t q ( t ) d t ∞ . Further, p and q are such that min ( p , q ) does not have compact support.
A status report on the TICCIT project

In September of this year, two TICCIT systems installed at Phoenix College and the Alexandria Campus of Northern Virginia Community College will be operating with students in mathematics and English courses. This will begin the first phase of a two-year study involving the evaluation, improvement, and the demonstration of the concepts of learner-controlled courseware administered by a low-cost computer-controlled television system.
Main-chain complementarity in protein-protein recognition

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://peds.oxfordjournals.org".
GCP-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

BACKGROUND Genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) is a nutritional supplement that can inhibit prostate cancer growth experimentally and clinically. It is composed predominantly of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, which have anti-cancer properties. Although genistein is well studied, the properties of GCP are not well defined. The goal of this work was to better characterize the signaling pathways impacted by GCP in an effort to optimize its efficacy. METHODS Cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated by MTS proliferation, caspase-based assays, and flow cytometry. Modulation of androgen receptor (AR) levels and activation status of signaling molecules were monitored by immunoblot analysis. AR function was measured by evaluating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) message and protein levels and by reporter assays. RESULTS GCP inhibited proliferation of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent LNCaP-p53GOF and 22Rv1 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and cells were more responsive in the presence of androgen. GCP markedly suppressed mTOR-p70S6K signaling while Akt and p53 were only modestly modulated. GCP significantly attenuated androgen signaling as evidenced by diminished AR protein levels and a consequent reduction in transcriptional activity and PSA expression. AR expression was enhanced by de-repression of translation with inhibitors of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and by inhibition of proteasome-dependent degradation. Neither inhibitor could counteract GCP-mediated AR downregulation, suggesting the involvement of a mechanism(s) independent of these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GCP mediates growth inhibition and apoptosis through multiple mechanisms including (1) molecular mimicry of androgen ablation (via AR downregulation) and (2) by providing an AR-independent, pro-apoptotic signal (mTOR inhibition). Prostate 67: 521–535, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Does institutional quality impact innovation? Evidence from cross-country patent grant data

This article contributes to the literature on institutions and economic growth by conducting an empirical examination of the links between innovation and institutions. Using cross-country data and the instrumental variable method, this study finds that institutional arrangements explain much of the cross country variations in patent production. Our results also imply that controlling for institutional quality, geographic related variables are not significant in explaining patent production. This article also finds evidence to support the idea that in the long run human capital accumulation is an important factor in shaping institutions.
A protocol for a lung neovascularization model in rodents

By providing insight into the cellular events of vascular injury and repair, experimental model systems seek to promote timely therapeutic strategies for human disease. The goal of many current studies of neovascularization is to identify cells critical to the process and their role in vascular channel assembly. We propose here a protocol to analyze, in an in vivo rodent model, vessel and capillary remodeling (reorganization and growth) in the injured lung. Sequential analyses of stages in the assembly of vascular structures, and of relevant cell types, provide further opportunities to study the molecular and cellular determinants of lung neovascularization.
Settling Control with Reference Redesign for Dual Actuator Hard Disk Drive Systems

Abstract This paper considers settling control for a dual actuator system for hard disk drives consisting of a coarse actuator(voice coil motor) and a fine actuator(peizoelectric transducer, PZT). The design method proposed in this paper is called the dual actuator reference trajectory re-design(RTRD). In the RTRD, the design is divided into three steps. In the first step, the coarse actuator loop is designed to be stable via active damping and achieve the basic performance. In the second step, the fine actuator path is designed by loop shaping for superior performance of the overall system. Finally the reference signals are generated for both VCM and PZT actuators. In the dual rate RTRD : the coarse actuator works at slow sampling frequency and the fine actuator works at fast sampling frequency. The “soft switching” technique is applied for gradually introducing the fine actuator(PZT actuator), which may shorten the settling time and achieve smoother settling response. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by simulations.
Cerebral Asymmetries in Processing Strategies for Letter and Symbol Trigrams

Abstract Several studies have shown that laterally presented consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) strings produce both superior performance, and a more wholistic processing strategy in the right visual field/left hemisphere (RVF/LHEM), and a more sequential strategy in the inferior left visual field (LVF). To determine whether these strategies are applied to other types of trigrams subjects ( n = 30) were asked to identify consonant and symbol trigrams briefly projected unilaterally to the LVF or RVF, or bilaterally (the same trigram in both fields—BVF). A second group of subjects ( n = 30) first practiced pronouncing consonant trigrams and then viewed them tachistoscopically. Both tasks yield RVF advantages. Symbols are processed more wholistically in the LVF, more sequentially in the RVF and in an intermediate pattern when presented bilaterally. In contrast, subjects seem to chunk letters as bigrams, and do so equally well in all fields, and visual field differences in strategies emerge for consonants only when they are pronounced. Pronounceability of consonant trigrams, assessed with ratings and vocal reaction times, was predicted by orthographic regularity. Since the RHEM has limited phonetic skills, but it, like the LHEM, is privy to information on orthographic regularity, the error pattern on consonant strings indicates non-phonetic processing, whereas the RVF wholistic strategy for consonant–vowel–consonant strings appears to reflect phonetic processing.
SU-FF-T-33: A New Formula for Normal Tissue Complication (NTCP) as a Function of Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) in the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) Model

Purpose: Use of biological outcome predictions in treatment planning represents a potential improvement over purely dose‐based planning. To promote increased use of outcome predictions, a mathematical tool is developed for the widely‐used Lyman phenomenological model of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Method and Materials: A simpler‐appearing formula that accurately approximates the Lyman model for NTCP is introduced. The new equation for NTCP as a function of the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) is similar to the LQ formula for single‐fraction single‐cell survival. Results: To within 0.2%, the Lyman formula for a uniformly irradiated OAR is given by an analytical representation similar to the LQ formula for single‐fraction cell survival, with tissue parameters derived from those in the Lyman formula. The formula differs from that of the LQ model for cell kill in that the parameter corresponding to the α/β ratio is negative. Simple equations are given to calculate formula parameters from m and TD 50 for organs at risk (OARs) in the Lyman model. Likewise, equations are given for calculating m and TD 50 from parameters in the new formulae. The role of the volume‐effect parameter n is not changed from the Lyman model, and is used to calculate EUD for non‐uniformly irradiated OARs based on the Kutcher‐Burman (K‐B) reduction algorithm. A table of parameter values is presented derived from published Lyman parameter fits to the Emami compilation of normal tissue complications. Conclusion: New linear‐quadratic type formulae are shown to be useful in depicting the results of the LKB model for NTCP for inhomogeneously‐irradiated OARs. Transformation formulae are given for the LQ‐NTCP parameters in terms of the Lyman parameters m and TD 50, and tables of LQ‐NTCP parameters are given, based on published Lyman model fits to various OARs. An equation is given for the EUD corresponding to pre‐selected levels of NTCP.
Linear programming in some Ramsey problems

Abstract We derive new upper bounds for the classical two-color Ramsey numbers R(4, 5) ≤ 27, R(5, 5) ≤ 52, and R(4, 6) ≤ 43; the previous best upper bounds known for these numbers were 28, 53, and 44, respectively. The new bounds are obtained by solving large integer linear programs and with the help of other computer algorithms.
Influence of Salts and Aggregation of Gluten Proteins on Reduction and Extraction of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits of Wheat

ABSTRACT High-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of wheat were extracted by various combinations of reducing agents, salt solutions, and solvents. Preferential extraction of 1D-encoded HMW-GS occurred when flours were extracted with Tris-HCl SDS buffer at pH 6.8 containing 6% mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MESNA) and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Similar effects were also found when dithiothreitol or β-mercaptoethanol were used in conjunction with nonchaotropic salts. If flours were first extracted with 50% 1-propanol, the extraction procedure yielded all HMW-GS, even in the presence of MESNA or high levels of salts. Addition of alcohols or chaotropes to the Tris buffer solutions containing MESNA or of solutions containing salt also extracted all HMW-GS. The HMW-GS reported most important in baking quality were found preferentially extracted by nonchaotropic salts and reducing agents. This is related to gluten aggregation and the gliadin-glutenin interaction and structure.
Dirichlet analysis for inverse multinomial with both quota and quota-free cells

Abstract For a broad variety of quota-sampling problems, the moment structure for the total frequency in various cells at stopping time is studied, as well as the cross moments, covariances, and correlations. Previously, we considered two different types of quotas: frequency vs. run quotas. In this paper, the effect of having quota-free cells present is considered. Our main strategy is to relate the cell frequencies at stopping time to the total number of observations needed to reach the stopping time. For the case of α frequency quota and γ quota-free cells, we consider the problem of stopping as soon as any J of the α frequency quotas are satisfied. The main tool that we use is the Dirichlet integrals which are defined here, but the reader should consult [3] and [4] for further background. Another method, called the generalized probability generating function (gpgf), is also used for confirmation of the various results. The paper terminates with an example of how to use the results of this paper in a two-stage sampling (with a fixed sample size n in the first stage) to make the covariances between certain total cell frequencies equal to zero (i.e., uncorrelated) at stopping time.
A programmable multi-blackboard architecture for dialogue processing systems

In current Natural Language Processing Systems, different components for different processing tasks and input/ output modalities have to be integrated. Once integrated, the interactions between the components have to be specified. Interactions in dialogue systems can be complex due in part to the many states the system can be in. When porting the system to another domain, parts of the integration process have to be repeated. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a multi-blackboard architecture that is controlled by a set of expert-system like rules. These rules may contain typed variables. Variables can be substituted by representations with an appropriate type stored in the blackboards. Furthermore, the representations in the blackboards allow to represent partial information and to leave disjunctions unresolved. Moreover, the conditions of the rule may depend on the specificity of the representations with which the variables are instantiated. For this reason, the interaction is information-driven. The described system has been implemented and has been integrated with the speech recognizer JANUS.
Using game creation for teaching computer programming to high school students and teachers

In this paper we describe a two-week residential summer game camp for rising 9th and 10th grade students and a four-week high school teacher professional development course. We present survey results that indicate our approach results in increased computer programming knowledge and self-confidence for both students and teachers. Our project aims to use a holistic game creation approach to increase student interest in computer science by directly teaching to students in a summer camp, instructing the teachers during a 4-week professional development course, and finally by supporting teachers as they use our curriculum in their high schools.
Coping with the cold: temperature and mating activity of male sagebrush crickets Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae).

. The effect of temperature on male sexual displays is well documented but its role in mediating the differential mating success of males is less well established. Male sagebrush crickets Cyphoderris strepitans Morris and Gwynne occur in high-elevation sagebrush meadows in mountainous areas of the western U.S.A., and often are observed singing at temperatures as low −8 to −4 °C to attract sexually receptive females. Males exhibit differential mating success based on their previous mating experience: virgin males have a higher probability of obtaining a mating than do non-virgin males of securing an additional mating. This differential mating success is mediated in part by an unusual form of nuptial feeding behaviour. Females feed on males’ hind wings at mating and the costs imposed on males as a consequence of this behaviour constrain male mating success. In the present study, to determine whether sagebrush crickets are capable of some degree of thermoregulation, and also to investigate whether this ability is influenced by male mating experience, thoracic temperatures of males of varying mating status were measured in relation to ambient temperature throughout the breeding season. A full factorial model examining the effect of site of capture, mating status, body mass and ambient temperature reveals that only ambient temperature has a significant effect on thoracic temperature after controlling for all other factors. It is concluded that differences in the calling times of virgin and non-virgin males and their ability to secure mates does not result from differences in their ability to cope physiologically with low temperatures.
Time Series Data Mining: A Retail Application

Modern technologies have allowed for the amassment of data at a rate never encountered before. Organizations are now able to routinely collect and process massive volumes of data. A plethora of regularly collected information can be ordered using an appropriate time interval. The data would thus be developed into a time series. Time series data mining methodology identifies commonalities between sets of time-ordered data. Time series data mining detects similar time series using a technique known as dynamic time warping (DTW). This research provides a practical application of time series data mining. A real-world data set was provided to the authors by dunnhumby. A time series data mining analysis is performed using retail grocery store chain data and results are provided.
A reduced basis method with exact-solution certificates for steady symmetric coercive equations

Abstract We introduce a reduced basis method that computes rigorous upper and lower bounds of the energy associated with the infinite-dimensional weak solution of parametrized steady symmetric coercive partial differential equations with piecewise polynomial forcing and operators that admit decompositions that are affine in functions of parameters. The construction of the upper bound appeals to the standard primal variational argument; the construction of the lower bound appeals to the complementary variational principle. We identify algebraic conditions for the reduced basis approximation of the dual variable that results in an exact satisfaction of the dual feasibility conditions and hence a rigorous lower bound. The formulation permits an offline–online computational decomposition such that, in the online stage, the approximation and exact certificates can be evaluated in complexity independent of the underlying finite element discretization. We demonstrate the technique in two numerical examples: a one-dimensional reaction–diffusion problem with a parametrized diffusivity constant; a planar linear elasticity problem with a geometry deformation. We confirm in both cases that the method produces guaranteed upper and lower bounds of the energy at any parameter value, for any finite element discretization, and for any reduced basis approximation.
The use of repeated measures analysis of variance for plaque and gingival indices

Clinical trials for anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque agents commonly use the mean of Silness and Loe plaque indices and Loe and Silness gingival indices as response variables. The aim of this report is to determine if data from anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis clinical trials using Silness and Loe plaque indices and Loe and Silness gingival indices satisfy conditions necessary for the use of the univariate or multivariate approach to repeated measures. These conditions are multivariate normality, homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices, and for the univariate approach, a type-H variance-covariance matrix. Data from 5 separate clinical trials representing a wide range in sample size, pretreatment mean gingival and plaque indices and treatment effects were used to test these conditions. Either the univariate or multivariate approach to repeated measures was found to be appropriate for both responses of the 5 clinical trials. Thus, means of Silness & Loe and Loe and Silness gingival indices meet the necessary conditions for use of either the univariate and/or multivariate approach to repeated measures. However, significant time-treatment interactions are a common occurrence in these types of clinical trials and must be evaluated carefully. The analyses in this study were carried out using SAS. Other mainframe statistical software packages and many micro-computer statistical software packages have routines to analyze repeated measures experiments with analysis of variance methods. However, some of the packages may omit the multivariate approach to repeated measures or may not include interactions between within-subject and between-subject effects. These packages should be used with caution.
Being and Becoming a Mathematics Teacher Educator in and for Differing Contexts: Some lessons learned

In this self-study, I examine how differing locations and cultural contexts shaped my understandings of being and becoming a mathematics teacher educator. The purpose was to improve my own practice, accompanied by the hope that what I learned could also be potentially beneficial to other teacher educators. I selected three sustained, collaborative professional development opportunities in markedly different locations and cultural contexts in the USA as the focus for this study. Qualitative approaches were used to select and analyze artifacts from databases for each of these locations. This study reaffirmed my belief that developing a practice that positions mathematics teaching and learning as sense-making requires not only growth in knowledge of mathematics content and pedagogy but also a major shift in perspective. With the help of critical friends, I identified that worthwhile tasks, productive discourse, and supportive learning environments were key elements in my support of such a shift in perspectiv...
The Distribution of Wealth and Welfare in the Presence of Incomplete Annuity Markets

This paper examines the implications of the absence of complete annuity markets on the distribution of wealth and welfare of agents whose saving decisions are obtained under uncertainty regarding the length of their life. The absence of annuities is shown to yield a unique nondegenerate intragenerational distribution of wealth, which is fully characterized. This characterization is then used to evaluate the Pareto desirability of an annuity system. Alternative welfare criteria that can be used when the proposed change has differential impacts on the initial state of subsequent generations are considered.
Quantifying rate enhancements for acid catalysis in CO2‐enriched high‐temperature water

Thermodynamic calculations revealed that 10 to 100-fold increases in reaction rate are obtainable with added CO2 (0.1–1 MPa) for an acid-catalyzed reaction in hightemperature liquid water (HTW) that is first order in H 1 concentration. These calculations suggest that CO2 is most effective as a rate-enhancing additive in HTW at lower temperatures (150–2008C). When compared with increased temperature as a competitive option for accelerating acid-catalyzed reactions in HTW, CO2 addition generally carries a lower pressure penalty (and no temperature penalty) for the model acid-catalyzed reaction with activation energies of up to 35 kcal/mol. An experimental survey revealed that CO2 addition is effective for achieving increased reaction rates for dibenzyl ether hydrolysis in HTW, but that bisphenol A cleavage, methyl benzoate hydrolysis, and o-phthalic acid decarboxylation were not significantly impacted by added CO2. This behavior is consistent with previous results for these reactions wherein mineral acid, rather than CO2, was added to lower the pH. A summary of experimental results reported for reactions in CO2-enriched HTW revealed that product yields of some reactions can be increased by a factor of 23 with added CO2. Taken collectively, these results suggest that CO2 addition may be a practical technique for making HTW more attractive as a reaction medium for acid-catalyzed organic synthesis. 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 54: 516–528, 2008
An Exploratory Study of Staff Capture at the South African Inspectorate of Prisons.

When prison inspectorates are co-opted or “captured” by those they are monitoring, their ability to bring transparency, accountability, and a human rights culture to prisons becomes harder. Using survey data from 102 staff at the South African Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons (JIOP), this exploratory study measured the severity of staff capture (i.e., they were not protecting the exclusive interests of prisoners) and potential correlates of capture. Overall, study participants exhibited significant levels of capture with ordinary least squares regression indicating higher levels of capture among staff that were African, thought about someday working for the Department of Correctional Services, felt powerless when prison officials ignored them, and if prison officials respected their work (ps < .05). Length of JIOP employment was not associated with capture. These findings suggest that the JIOP's policy of not renewing many staffs' three-year contracts could ironically be putting them at risk for capture.
Influence of flow injection angle on a leading-edge horseshoe vortex

Abstract Junction flows that develop at the base of protruding obstructions occur in many applications. An unsteady horseshoe vortex is formed as a component of these junction flows, which increases the local heat transfer on the associated endwall. Augmenting this junction flow can be achieved through the injection of fluid upstream of the obstruction. This experimental study evaluated the effects of injection angle for a two-dimensional slot placed upstream of a vane leading-edge with four injection angles of 90°, 65°, 45°, and 30°. Results showed that high momentum injection increased the endwall heat transfer at each slot angle while low momentum injection resulted in a relatively lower augmentation of endwall heat transfer. A leading-edge vortex turning into the endwall was formed at the junction in the stagnation plane for high momentum injection at 90° and 65° while a leading-edge vortex turning away from the wall was formed for 45° and 30° injection. For low momentum injection, a vortex turning into the endwall was formed at all injection angles.
Regularity of critical invariant circles of the standard nontwist map

We study critical invariant circles of several noble rotation numbers at the edge of break-up for an area-preserving map of the cylinder, which violates the twist condition. These circles admit essentially unique parametrizations by rotational coordinates. We present a high accuracy computation of about 10 7 Fourier coefficients. This allows us to compute the regularity of the conjugating maps and to show that, to the extent of numerical precision, it only depends on the tail of the continued fraction expansion.
Santa Anna of Mexico – By Will Fowler

In this compelling biography of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the author sets the record straight about the man who served Mexico six times as president yet is vilified today as a tyrant and traitor...