cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in the structure and intracellular locale of the mammalian low-molecular-weight heat shock protein.

Mammalian cells grown at 37 degrees C contain a single low-molecular-weight heat shock (or stress) protein with an apparent mass of 28 kilodaltons (kDa) whose synthesis increases in cells after exposure to elevated temperatures or other forms of physiologic stress. Herein we present data demonstrating that heat shock protein 28 exists in a number of dynamic states depending upon the physiologic state of the cell. Biochemical fractionation of 37 degrees C cells in the absence of nonionic detergent revealed that the 28-kDa protein partitioned approximately equally between the soluble and insoluble fractions. The addition of detergent in the fractionation procedure resulted in all of the protein distributed within the soluble phase. In contrast, in cells first heat shocked and then fractionated in the presence of detergent, most of the 28-kDa protein was found within the insoluble fraction. These biochemical results appeared entirely consistent with indirect immunofluorescence experiments, demonstrating that the 28-kDa protein resided within the perinuclear region of 37 degrees C cells in close proximity to the Golgi complex. After heat shock treatment, the 28-kDa protein relocalized within the nucleus and resisted detergent extraction. The extent of 28-kDa protein redistribution into the nucleus and its detergent insolubility increased as a function of the severity of the heat shock treatment. With time of recovery from the heat treatment there occurred a gradual return of the 28-kDa protein into the detergent-soluble phase. Concomitant with these changes in 28-kDa protein solubility was a corresponding change in the apparent size of the protein as determined by gel filtration. While at 37 degrees C cells the protein exhibited a mass of 200 to 800 kDa; after heat shock the protein assumed sizes of 2 MDa or greater. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we show an accumulation of these aggregates of 28-kDa protein within the nucleus. Finally, we show that the heat-dependent redistribution of the 28-kDa protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was greatly diminished when the cells were first rendered thermotolerant, and we suggest that this simple assay (i.e., 28-kDa protein detergent solubility) may prove useful in evaluating the thermotolerant status of a cell or tissue.
Replacement versus collection and related topics in constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

Abstract While it is known that intuitionistic ZF set theory formulated with Replacement, IZFR, does not prove Collection, it is a longstanding open problem whether IZFR and intuitionistic set theory ZF formulated with Collection, IZF, have the same proof-theoretic strength. It has been conjectured that IZF proves the consistency of IZFR. This paper addresses similar questions but in respect of constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, CZF. It is shown that in the latter context the proof-theoretic strength of Replacement is the same as that of Strong Collection and also that the functional version of the Regular Extension Axiom is as strong as its relational version. Moreover, it is proved that, contrary to IZF, the strength of CZF increases if one adds an axiom asserting that the trichotomous ordinals form a set. Unlike IZF, constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory is amenable to ordinal analysis and the proofs in this paper make pivotal use thereof in the guise of well-ordering proofs for ordinal representation systems.
The Augmented Anastomotic Urethroplasty

Primary anastomotic urethroplasty with complete stricture excision provides for the most successful outcome in bulbar urethral reconstruction. However, there are times when, following stricture excision and urethral spatulation, too much tension would be present for a primary anastomosis. The augmented anastomotic urethroplasty is a combination repair that incorporates the principles of excision and substitution urethroplasty. It is intended for bulbar strictures deemed too long for straightforward primary anastomosis, particularly those with a dense area of scarring and adjacent wider caliber stricture. With this technique, up to 2 or 3 cm of strictured urethra may be excised, followed by reapproximation of either the dorsal or ventral walls. The opposite urethral wall is then closed with an onlay graft. In this chapter, we discuss our graded approach to the management of bulbar strictures and our rationale for utilizing the augmented anastomotic repair and outline our surgical technique.
Magnetic properties of some RAuGa intermetallic compounds

The magnetic moments of the series of intermetallic compounds RAuGa, where R is Sm or one of the heavy rare earth elements, has been measured at temperatures from 2.5 °K to 300 °K in applied fields up to 26kOe. These compounds form in an orthorhombic crystal structure and are isostructural with TiNiSi (a distorted AlB2‐type structure). At high temperatures the reciprocal susceptibility of all the compounds except Sm follows a Curie‐Weiss law; the effective paramagnetic moments are in good agreement with those calculated for free tripositive rare earth ions. The Curie paramagnetic temperatures of the heavy rare earth compounds do not vary linearly with the de Gennes function. At low temperatures only the Gd compound exhibits magnetic ordering. It orders antiferromagnetically with a Neel temperature of 6 °K. It also exhibits metamagnetic behavior. For the other compounds no magnetic ordering is observed although at the lowest temperatures the Tb and Dy compounds give an indication of being close to ordering.
Influence of Al 2 O 3 on the reoxidation of aluminum in molten cryolite

The influence of Al2O3 content on the reoxidation reaction at 1293 K between CO2 and Al dissolved in molten cryolite was examined. The rate and extent of the reaction were evaluated as the concentration of Al2O3 was varied from 0 to 12 wt pct at 4 pct intervals. The cryolite, under an argon atmosphere, was saturated with Al before CO2 was introduced. High initial reaction rates were observed with a quasisteady state condition established 30 to 60 min after beginning an experiment. Increasing the Al2O3 content of the melt significantly reduced the initial rate, but it was not found to alter the steady rate for a given flow system. This phenomenon was observed for systems where CO2 was passed over or bubbled through the molten cryolite. Bubbling the CO2 through the molten cryolite led to increases in both the initial and steady state rates.
Master event relocation of Gorda Block earthquakes: Implications for deformation

We have used the “master-event” technique to relocate 73 earthquakes in the northern half of the Gorda block. The revised epicenters indicate a systematic eastward bias of ∼30 km in epicenters as published in the ISC Bulletin. The new seismicity pattern reflects a more symmetric distribution of earthquakes about the Gorda Rise, and a reduced degree of seismicity within the Gorda block. Although the level of intraplate activity has apparently been reduced, a significant number of events (10–20) still appears to be related to intraplate deformation. Further relocation studies, coupled with focal mechanism determinations, are necessary to better constrain deformation models for this region.
Rodent models of the human acetylation polymorphism: Comparisons of recombinant acetyltransferases

The acetylation polymorphism is associated with differential susceptibility to drug toxicity and cancers related to aromatic and heterocyclic amine exposures. N-Acetylation is catalyzed by two cytosolic N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and NAT2) which detoxify many carcinogenic aromatic amines. NAT1 and NAT2 also activate (via O-acetylation) the N-hydroxy metabolites of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens to electrophilic intermediates which form DNA adducts and initiate cancer. The classical N-acetylation polymorphism is regulated at the NAT2 locus, which segregates individuals into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator phenotypes. Some human epidemiological studies associate slow acetylator and rapid acetylator phenotypes with increased susceptibility to urinary bladder and colorectal cancers, respectively. The acetylation polymorphism has been characterized in three rodent species (mouse, Syrian hamster, and rat) to test associations between NAT2 acetylator phenotype and susceptibility to aromatic and heterocyclic amine-induced cancers in various tumor target organs. NAT1 and NAT2 from rapid and slow acetylator mouse, Syrian hamster, and rat each have been cloned and sequenced. Recombinant NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes encoded by these genes have been characterized with respect to their catalytic activities for both activation (O-acetylation) and deactivation (N-acetylation) of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens. The acetylation polymorphisms in mouse, Syrian hamster, and rat are herein reviewed and compared as models of the human acetylation polymorphism.
Using kernels for a video-based mouse-replacement interface

Some people cannot use their hands to control a computer mouse due to conditions such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis. For these individuals, there are various mouse-replacement solutions. One approach is to enable them to control the mouse pointer using head motions captured with a web camera. One such system, the Camera Mouse, uses an optical flow approach to track a manually-selected small patch of the subject's face, such as the nostril or the edge of the eyebrow. The optical flow tracker may lose the facial feature when the tracked image patch drifts away from the initially-selected feature or when a user makes a rapid head movement. To address the problem of feature loss, we developed and incorporated the Kernel-Subset-Tracker into the Camera Mouse. The Kernel-Subset-Tracker is an exemplar-based method that uses a training set of representative images to produce online templates for positional tracking. We designed the augmented Camera Mouse so that it can compute these templates in real time, employing kernel techniques traditionally used for classification. We propose three versions of the Kernel-Subset-Tracker, each using a different kernel, and compared their performance to the optical-flow tracker under five different experimental conditions. Our experiments with test subjects show that augmenting the Camera Mouse with the Kernel-Subset-Tracker improves communication bandwidth statistically significantly. Tracking of facial features was accurate, without feature drift, even during rapid head movements and extreme head orientations. We conclude by describing how the Camera Mouse augmented with the Kernel-Subset-Tracker enabled a stroke-victim with severe motion impairments to communicate via an on-screen keyboard.
Simulated productivity of heterogeneous patches in Southern African savanna landscapes using a canopy productivity model

A daily model of terrestrial productivity is used to simulate the annual productivity of heterogeneous vegetation structure at three savanna/woodland sites along a large moisture gradient in southern Africa. The horizontal distributions of vegetation structural parameters are derived from the three-dimensional canopy structure generated from detailed field observations of the vegetation at each site. Rainfall and daily climatic data are used to drive the model, resulting in a spatially explicit estimate of vegetation productivity in 100 m2 patches over an area 810,000 m2 (8,100 patches per site). Production is resolved into tree and grass components for each subplot. The model simulates the relative contribution of trees and grasses to net primary productivity (NPP) along the rainfall gradient. These simulated production estimates agree with previously published estimates of productivity in southern African savannas. Water-use efficiency of each site is directly related to the structural composition of the site and the differing water-use efficiencies for tree and grass functional types. To assess the role of spatial scale in governing estimates of vegetation productivity in heterogeneous landscapes, spatial aggregation is performed on the canopy mosaic at the northern-most (wettest) site for 625 m2, 2500 m2 and 5625 m2 resolutions. These simulations result in similar overall patterns of average NPP for both trees and grasses, but drastically reduced distributions of productivity due to reduced structural heterogeneity. In particular, the aggregation of the detailed spatial mosaic to coarser resolutions is seen to eliminate information regarding demographic processes such as regeneration and mortality, and the dependence of grass productivity on over-story density. These results indicate that models of system productivity in savanna/woodland ecosystems must retain high spatial resolution to adequately characterize multi-year structural responses and to accurately represent the contribution of grass biomass to overall ecosystem production.
How Well Does It Fit? An Organizational Culture Approach to Assessing Technology Use Among Homeless Service Providers

This pilot study examines how organizational culture affects staff members' use of a homeless management information system (HMIS). Organizational culture and sociotechnical theories suggest that the goodness of fit between organizations and technology is critical to successful implementation and use. The sample included seven homeless service providers and 41 individuals. The study tested two hypotheses. First, organizational culture influences staff members' behavior. Second, organizational culture and individual characteristics interact to influence staff members' behavior. Results indicated strong interaction effects between organizational culture and gender. Women in the sample report higher average levels of HMIS use than men, but the difference diminishes as organizations grow more rigid, proficient, or resistant. Further, organizational rigidity, proficiency, and resistance are positively related to HMIS use. The findings of this pilot study suggest diffusing new technologies like the HMIS is a co...
Layout debugging demonstration by FIB circuit edit

The FIB circuit editing is widely used in FA field, such as debugging, root cause demonstration and validating design changes. In this study, we will demonstrate the ability and benefit for circuit debugging, and the loading effect assumption was demonstrated by FIB circuit editing that the solution would easily be made. Meanwhile, the advanced circuit editing procedure will be introduced to improve the success rate in this investigation.
INTERLEUKIN-15 AUGMENTS LAK CELL ACTIVITY GENERATED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD (CB). † 1726

INTERLEUKIN-15 AUGMENTS LAK CELL ACTIVITY GENERATED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD (CB). † 1726
Critical current as a function of film thickness for spray pyrolyzed films of TlBa2Ca2Cu3Oy

Abstract It is imperative for tape applications to produce thicker films of TlBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y with high critical current density on polycrystalline substrates (a useful figure of merit is the critical current per unit width, with a reasonable goal being 10 A mm −1 ). We have studied the critical current density at 77 K, 0 T ( J c ) as a function of film thickness in the range 2 to 10 μm. A key parameter for obtaining a high J c was found to be the film density; films with relative density > 82% showed much higher values of J c . Based on average values, J c was found to peak at 60 kA cm −2 for samples 2.5 to 5 μm thick (corresponding to 3 A mm −1 for 5 μm thick samples), and to decrease for thicker samples, yielding 3 to 3.5 A mm −1 from 5 to 10 μm. There are individual segments with values as high as 8.4 A mm −1 .
Population control in snails by natural inhibitors.

IN many areas of the world diseases such as schistosomiasis caused by trematodes, still cause misery to millions of people and much damage to livestock. Because a specific mollusc, often a snail, is necessary for the completion of the trematode life cycle, the elimination of that host would eradicate the disease. According to Southgate1 none of the molluscicides currently available is ideal. Among their disadvantages are toxicity to organisms such as fish and the relatively high concentrations required for their effect. Here we describe a naturally occurring population inhibitor from snail cultures which because of its specificity and potency suggests another approach to mollusc control. The data presented below indicate that such substance is produced in cultures of at least two species of snails. Discovery of this inhibitor came about through an investigation into the chemical and physiological basis for the inhibition of population growth which occurs in crowded snail cultures.
An environmental decision framework applied to marine engine control technologies

This paper develops a decision framework for considering emission control technologies on marine engines, informed by standard decision theory, with an open structure that may be adapted by operators with specific vessel and technology attributes different from those provided here. Attributes relate objectives important to choosing control technologies with specific alternatives that may meet several of the objectives differently. The transparent framework enables multiple stakeholders to understand how different subjective judgments and varying attribute properties may result in different technology choices. Standard scoring techniques ensure that attributes are not biased by subjective scoring and that weights are the primary quantitative input where subjective preferences are exercised. An expected value decision structure is adopted that considers probabilities (likelihood) that a given alternative can meet its claims; alternative decision criteria are discussed. Capital and annual costs are combined using a net present value approach. An iterative approach is advocated that allows for screening and disqualifying alternatives that do not meet minimum conditions for acceptance, such as engine warranty or U.S. Coast Guard requirements. This decision framework assists vessel operators in considering explicitly important attributes and in representing choices clearly to other stakeholders concerned about reducing air pollution from vessels. This general decision structure may also be applied similarly to other environmental controls in marine applications.
Relationship between American College of Radiology in-training examination scores and American Board of Radiology written examination scores Part 2. Multi-institutional study

Rationale and Objectives. The authors assessed the relationship between resident performance on the American College of Radiology in-training examination and subsequent American Board of Radiology written examination. Materials and Methods. Percentile scores from the in-training examination (low score, Results. The mean in-training examination scores were significantly higher in the high-score than the low-score written board examination group (P = .0001). There was a significant correlation between the in-training examination score and the written board examination score (P = .0001). The crude all-high in-training scores—written board scores odds ratio was 9.618, and the adjusted all-high odds ratio was 7.595. The final model included resident AOA status. Conclusion. Resident average in-training examination score was a strong predictor of the written board examination score, as noted in the earlier report. The resident with a low in-training examination score is at risk for poor performance on the written board examination.
Listening in organizations: An analysis of error structures in models of listening competency

Who do organizational members perceive as competent listeners? The Organizational Listening Survey was used to recall listening behaviors and attitudes through self‐ and other‐reports of typical interactions of employees participating in communication training. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a single General factor model was proposed. While the results were defensible, analysis of the error structures suggested that three additional factors were reliably discriminable and somewhat predictive of impressions of listening effectiveness and satisfaction with the work relationship. Similarly, a General factor plus two “error factors” was seen to be useful in describing perceptions of co‐workers.
O.S. bridge between academia and reality

This paper presents a different approach to solving the dilemma of balancing the theory and the practice in an undergraduate operating systems course. We are in the process of implementing a laboratory that allows students to experiment with a copy of the 386BSD Unix System. Students are guided through exercises with increasing complexity, from a single exercise of initializing a new file system to more complicated team projects. The laboratory does not require a set of machines dedicated to the Operating Systems Class which is the reason many instructors choose to use simulators or small academic operating systems. This is accomplished through the use of recent removable disk technology that provides enough speed and capacity to load the source code of a real system. This approach provides a more in-depth study of a system students are more likely to encounter when they leave school. It also allows students to work in teams in an environment closer to the real world and provides a strong foundation for students wishing to enter graduate school with intentions to specialize in the area of operating systems development.
An X-ray diffraction technique for analyzing basal-plane stacking faults in GaN

An X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique for analyzing basal-plane stacking faults (BSFs) is introduced and tested on GaN. The analysis considers the coexistence of multiple X-ray broadening terms including tilt, twist, limited coherence length, and inhomogeneous strain. By measuring and fitting a series of symmetric and asymmetric reflections planes, we deduce the lattice tilt, twist, lateral coherence length, and inhomogeneous strain contributions, which allow us to determine the existence of any additional broadening in m-plane GaN. We found that in fact certain ω-scans do have excess broadening and that their lattice plane dependence is similar to the functional dependence of BSFs derived for powder XRD (θ/2θ-scan). Applying such functional dependence allows us to estimate the BSF densities (I1- and I2-type). The typical stacking fault density was estimated to be 1 × 106/cm in m-plane GaN grown on m-plane sapphire by MOCVD, while the relative densities of I1- and I2-type are sample dependent. In contrast to the m-plane GaN, stacking faults in GaN on c-plane sapphire do not contribute significantly to Bragg peak broadening and are below the detection limit.
OSSE impact analysis of airborne ocean surveys for improving upper-ocean dynamical and thermodynamical forecasts in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract A prototype, rigorously validated ocean Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) system is used to evaluate the impact of different sampling strategies for rapid-response airborne ocean profile surveys in the eastern interior Gulf of Mexico. Impacts are assessed with respect to improving ocean analyses, and forecasts initialized from those analyses, for two applications: improving oil spill forecasts and improving the ocean model response to tropical cyclone (TC) forcing. Rapid model error growth in this region requires that repeat surveys be conducted frequently in time, with separation of less than 4 days required to approach maximum error reduction in model analyses. Substantial additional error reduction in model dynamical fields is achieved by deploying deep (1000 m) AXCTDs instead of shallow (400 m) AXBTs. Shallow AXBTs constrain the ocean thermal field over the upper 400 m nearly as well as deep AXCTDs. However, in addition to constraining ocean fields over a greater depth range, AXCTDs also measure salinity profiles and more accurately constrain upper-ocean density than AXBTs, leading to a more accurate representation of upper ocean pressure and velocity fields. Sampling AXCTD profiles over a one-half degree array compared to one degree leads to substantial additional error reduction by constraining variability with horizontal scales too small to be corrected by satellite altimetry assimilation. A 2-day lag in availability of airborne profiles does not increase errors in dynamical ocean fields, but it does increase errors in upper-ocean thermal field including Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP), demonstrating that these profiles must be rapidly made available for assimilation to improve TC forecasts. The additional error reduction in ocean analyses achieved by assimilation of airborne surveys translates into significantly improved forecasts persisting over time intervals ranging between 1 and 2 weeks for most model variables but several weeks for TCHP. In particular, upper-ocean temperature forecasts can be significantly improved for an extended interval of time by conducting airborne profile surveys.
A Modular Design Approach to Improve the Life Cycle Performance Derived From Optimized Closed-Loop Supply Chain

Growing concerns for the environment should make every designer more carefully consider product design for the life cycle (DFLC). Although modularity is recognized for its potential to incorporate life cycle considerations into product architecture design, most modular design methods in the literature concentrate on generating highly-modular product architectures but lack the capability for assessing life cycle consequences of these modules in a supply chain. This paper proposes a methodology to find a robust modular architecture with minimal life cycle costs and environmental impacts at the design configuration stage. The objective of the proposed methodology is not to maximize modularity, but to adopt life cycle costing and life cycle assessment of a product in a closed-loop supply chain to identify the most beneficial modular structure. Further, capacity influence of the existing processing facilities in the supply chain on life cycle costs and environmental impacts is evaluated and discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Global changes in mining laws, agreements and tax systems

Abstract During the 1990s there has been a shift in exploration investment by multinational mining companies into regions that were previously closed or considered too risky. Many nations have introduced changes to their mineral policies, mining laws, and fiscal systems, and the author traces some of the major regulatory trends in developing, developed and transition economies. The author discusses trends in mining laws and provides data on current fiscal systems in 25 tax jurisdictions. The author concludes that the effect of recent changes has been to reduce barriers to entry and lower risk, thus encouraging increased investment in an ever-increasing number of countries.
Photoreactivation of ultraviolet-induced suppression of division in Chilomonas paramecium☆

Abstract The two phases of division-suppression found after UV-irradiation of Chilomonas paramecium populations were examined for photoreactivability. The second, or delayed, phase was readily photoreactivated whether the tests were run on cultures growing in complete medium, on nitrogen-depleted cells in nitrogen-deficient medium, or nitrogen-depleted cells returned to complete medium. Photoreactivability declined as cells progressed toward division, and could not be demonstrated if PR exposure was performed later than a few hours before the first post-UV division. Photoreactivability was prolonged when division was prevented by nitrogen deprivation. The initial, or immediate, phase of division-suppression was also photoreactivable, but this, for unknown reasons, could only be demonstrated if lag was prolonged by nitrogen-deprivation. These results may be interpreted as indicating that both phases of the division-suppression are the result of UV-damage to DNA, and that there is retention of photoreactivating enzyme complement even under conditions of nitrogen depletion. It is noted, however, that UV may produce photoreactivable lesions in cell constituents other than DNA, and that these may also account for either or both of the two phases of division-suppression.
Psychological aspects of cancer in children, adolescents, and their families

Abstract With improving medical management and survival of children and adolescents with cancer, increasing attention is being focused on the quality of life for the patient and family. This review will discuss the psychological aspects of various phases in the illness process and highlight major issues in intervention. It is concluded that the psychological care of children and adolescents with cancer can serve as a model for comprehensive care in other pediatric disorders as well.
Selection and use of SNP markers for animal identification and paternity analysis in U.S. beef cattle.

DNA marker technology represents a promising means for determining the genetic identity and kinship of an animal. Compared with other types of DNA markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are attractive because they are abundant, genetically stable, and amenable to high-throughput automated analysis. In cattle, the challenge has been to identify a minimal set of SNPs with sufficient power for use in a variety of popular breeds and crossbred populations. This report describes a set of 32 highly informative SNP markers distributed among 18 autosomes and both sex chromosomes. Informativity of these SNPs in U.S. beef cattle populations was estimated from the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies in two panels: one consisting of 96 purebred sires representing 17 popular breeds, and another with 154 purebred American Angus from six herds in four Midwestern states. Based on frequency data from these panels, the estimated probability that two randomly selected, unrelated individuals will possess identical genotypes for all 32 loci was 2.0 × 10−13 for multi-breed composite populations and 1.9 × 10−10 for purebred Angus populations. The probability that a randomly chosen candidate sire will be excluded from paternity was estimated to be 99.9% and 99.4% for the same respective populations. The DNA immediately surrounding the 32 target SNPs was sequenced in the 96 sires of the multi-breed panel and found to contain an additional 183 polymorphic sites. Knowledge of these additional sites, together with the 32 target SNPs, allows the design of robust, accurate genotype assays on a variety of high-throughput SNP genotyping platforms.
Regulation of interferon-β activity by fibroblast cells

Exogenously administered interferons are rapidly cleared from the body. Several pharmacological mechanisms have been implicated in this clearance; however, they do not entirely explain the different clearance rates of the interferons. Cultured cells were studied for their ability to regulate interferon levels in vitro. Preparations of MuIFN-alpha, MuIFN-beta, and MuIFN-gamma were exposed to cells in culture and monitored for any loss in titer. MuIFN-beta titers were found to be significantly reduced following exposure to mouse L-929 fibroblast cells. The reduction of MuIFN-beta activity appeared to be specific for fibroblasts, since the reduction occurred following exposure to L-cells and to mouse embryo fibroblasts, but not to mouse reticuloendothelial cells. Moreover, the ability of the mouse fibroblast cells to reduce MuIFN-beta titers was blocked if the cells were pre-treated with actinomycin D, suggesting that de novo RNA synthesis was required. The titers of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma were not reduced following exposure to either fibroblast or reticuloendothelial cells. Thus, the reduction of interferon titer by fibroblasts was IFN-beta specific. Similarly, HuIFN-beta titers were reduced following exposure to human fibroblasts. The ability of fibroblast cells to reduce IFN-beta titers was also found to be species-specific, since human fibroblast cells reduced the titer of HuIFN-beta but not MuIFN-beta while murine fibroblasts reduced the titer of MuIFN-beta but not HuIFN-beta. These results suggest that IFN-beta-treated fibroblasts specifically regulate their response to IFN-beta by reducing the titer of the IFN-beta activity.
An Inequality for Complex Matrices

Abstract It is shown that the inequality Σ ij a ij z j z j ⩾ |Σ j z j 2 |(for all z =[z 1 ,…,z n ]b τ ∈ C n ) implies that the matrix ( A =(a ij )) is invertible with ‖A-1‖ ⩽ ‖A‖. The result extends to linear operators on a complex Hilbert space with conjugation.
Optical properties of III-nitride microcavities

In this paper, we summarize recent results obtained by our group, together with our collaborators, on the fabrication andoptical studies of 111-nitride micro-disk, micro-ring, and micro-pyramid cavities. Optical properties have been measured.Optical resonance modes have been observed and compared for different microstructures.Keywords: microcavities, Ill-nitrides, wide bandgap, multiple quantum wells, optical transition, optical resonance modes
Large scale, highly ordered assembly of nanowire parallel arrays by differential roll printing

A differential roll printing strategy is developed to enable large-scale and uniform assembly of highly aligned and ordered nanowire arrays on various rigid and flexible substrate materials. The dynamics of the process are explored by tuning the linear sliding motion of the roller with respect to the rolling motion, clearly demonstrating the importance of the differential rolling process in the controlled assembly of nanowires. The potency and versatility of the method is further demonstrated by fabrication of nanowire transistor arrays on flexible substrates.
Localization of Amylase in Major Salivary Glands of the Guinea Pig

The localization of amylase activity in the major salivary glands of adult male and female guinea pigs was determined by a substrate film technique. Parotid and submandibular glands showed intense activity localized to the acini. Only a weak reaction in the lumen of intralobular ducts was observed in sublingual glands. The sex differences in amylase activity reported in other commonly studied laboratory rodents were not detected in this species.
Control of polypeptide hormones by enzymatic degradation.

Abstract Hormone levels may be controlled not only by the rate of synthesis of the hormone but also by the rate of destruction. The enzymes that destroy polypeptide hormones seem to be involved in controlling hormone concentration. There is evidence that these enzymes may control the destruction of insulin, glucagon, parathyroid hormone, and possibly calcitonin. Published reports indicate that two types of degradative control mechanisms exist. One mechanism tends to keep hormone levels constant; the other tends to keep constant some physiological variable controlled by the hormone. The first type of control system opposes any and all changes in hormone levels, tending to maintain hormone concentration within a narrow range. The second opposes changes in some physiological variable by manipulating hormone concentrations appropriately. Mechanisms which control hormone destruction would tend to oppose the over and under production of hormone seen in various endocrine diseases. However, a loss of control over destruction might be a primary cause of endocrine disease.
Effects of Titanium Oxide on Equilibria Among Refractory Phases in the System CaO‐MgO‐Iron Oxide

The role of titanium oxide in some important refractory systems was elucidated by studying selected equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-iron oxide-titanium oxide at O2 pressures of 0.21 atm (air) and 10−9 atm and under the extreme reducing conditions imposed by the presence of metallic Ti in contact with the oxide phases. Solidus relations were determined for the system CaO-MgO-TiO2 in air; 6 composition triangles were delineated, within each of which 3 crystalline phases coexist in equilibrium with liquid at a constant solidus temperature. The solidus temperatures range from 1407° to 1670°C. There is also a composition area within which MgO coexists with a Ca4Ti3O10-Ca3Ti2O7 solid solution, with solidus temperatures varying continuously from 1659° to 1670°C. Studies of reactions between MgO and titanium oxide in contact with metallic Ti in a closed system indicate that the mutual solubility between MgO and TiO at 1400°C is very small. Addition of 5 wt% TiO2 to the system CaO-MgO-iron oxide at 1500°C in air and in 10−9 atm O2 decreases the amount of iron oxide which can be absorbed by a CaO-MgO body without formation of a liquid phase; hence, titanium oxide has a strong deleterious effect on the refractoriness of such bodies.
On sound transmission into a stiffened cylindrical shell with rings and stringers treated as discrete elements

In the context of the transmission of airborne noise into an aircraft fuselage, a mathematical model is presented for the transmission of an oblique plane sound wave into a finite cylindrical shell stiffened by stringers and ring frames. The rings and stringers are modeled as discrete structural elements. The numerical case studied was typical of a narrow-bodied jet transport fuselage. The numerical results show that the ring-frequency dip in the transmission loss curve that is present for a monocoque shell is still present in the case of a stiffened shell. The ring frequency effect is a result of the cylindrical geometry of the shell. Below the ring frequency, stiffening does not appear to have any significant effect on transmission loss, but above the ring frequency, stiffeners can enhance the transmission loss of a cylindrical shell.
The Complexity of Descriptive Representation and Bureaucracy: The Case of South Africa

ABSTRACT This article uses the South African case to look at the concept of descriptive representation—an important element in the theory of representative bureaucracy. Considerable literature has examined the relationship between descriptive representation, or the number of members of an identity group that are present in a public sector organization, and active representation, the extent to which those representatives pursue the interests of those they are presumed to represent. Less studied is the descriptive representation side of the equation. Descriptive representation should not be seen as simply a matter of counting the numbers of members of identity groups in an organization. Rather, one should also ask whether the identity groups that are to be privileged for representation make sense. This article explores the extent to which challenges in identity formation and classification alter passive representation and the potential for active representation. We consider how those targeted for representa...
On the fundamental theorem of linear state variable feedback

The important theorem due to Rosenbrock, concerning the limits of linear state variable feedback in modifying the dynamics of constant linear multivariable systems, is obtained from state space considerations. This approach illuminates the results which were originally obtained by polynomial system matrix methods.
The ignition of binary alloys of uranium

Experiments determine the effect of alloying additives on the ignition of uranium. Data on oxidation rates, ignition temperatures, and burning curves are provided in the report.
Age-related differences in adults' macrospatial cognitive processes

Young and elderly adults' performance was compared on the Landmark Selection Task, designed to assess perceptual selection, and the Scrambled Route Task, designed to assess temporospatial integration. Age-related performance decrements were found on both tasks. Subjects' scores on psychometric tests hypothesized as involving some of the same processes as these experimental tasks yielded positive correlations to measures of task performance. Unexpectedly, self-estimates of wayfinding and distance estimation skills were negatively correlated to experimental task performance for elderly adults. Results were discussed in the context of declines in the effectiveness of selective attention, which is considered critical to perceptual selection, and in the proficiency of working memory, which is considered central to temporospatial integration.
Control of an Over-Actuated Single-Degree-of-Freedom Excitation System

This paper provides results of a laboratory experiment designed to illustrate the theoretical control considerations for an over-actuated excitation system. The experiment is based on control of a beam pinned at one end providing a single rotational degree of freedom and excited by two electrodynamic actuators. Control is achieved through implementation of two different control reference techniques: (1) reference based on linear acceleration autospectral densities (ASD) and cross-spectral densities (CSD) using linear accelerometer feedback and (2) reference based on an angular acceleration ASD using estimates of angular acceleration as feedback. Correlations to the theoretical based predictions were conducted based on common measurements of both linear acceleration and estimates of angular acceleration acquired during each trial.
Having faith, being neutral, and doing justice: Toward a paradigm of responsibility in the comparative study of religions

My aim is to clarify some of the basic parameters of responsibility in the comparative, phenomenological study of religions. In the process I propose some features of a paradigm to guide such study, a paradigm that will reconcile scholarly objectivity, the requirement of justice for the other, and a faith of one's own. I begin by posing several problematic considerations that call for clarification of what constitutes responsibility in the comparative study of religion, drawing on some critical reservations voiced by Arvind Sharma regarding the widespread uncntical employment of the phenomenological approach. My phrasing is deliberate: I do not wish to denigrate the phenomenological approach, only to call for a more responsible use of it. In the interest of 'objectively" apprehending the experiential meaning of religious phenomena, phenomenological study calls for a posture of a certain kind of neutrality known as the epoche. I attempt to clarify precisely what such neutrality involves, i.e., its nature and limitations, first m general and then specifically in connection with the study of religion. Most of the problematic considerations I discuss first can be traced to confusions about the epoche and lack of a clear sense of responsibility to guide its practice. An example of some of these confusions as found in a well regarded textbook is then discussed. I go on to sketch certain crucial parameters of responsibility transcending phenomenological study that as such should serve to guide its practice.
Numerical Simulation of Diamond-Bit Drilling With Air

A simple mathematical model of diamond bit drilling, which accounts for diamond wear is applied for simulating bit performance. The model predicts the influence of weight on bit, rotary speed and bit rotating time on instantaneous rate of drilling, footage, bit wear and cost. A heat transfer model is presented. By application of drilling and heat transfer models, a minimum volumetric air flow rate required for sufficient bit cooling is determined.
Applications of Preference Assessment Procedures in Depression and Agitation Management in Elders with Dementia

Low levels of engagement with leisure activities are commonly seen in older adults with dementia and may lead to decreased social contact, depressed affect, and agitated behaviors. Adults with dementia often have difficulty choosing activities when asked directly about preferences due to cognitive decline, which makes it more difficult to increase their engagement levels. However, simply presenting leisure items without prior knowledge of preferences may be inefficient and may not yield desired results. Long-term care staff need more structured and efficient ways to determine individual preferences and preference assessments (structured choice making opportunities) may offer a solution. Preference assessments have been used to identify effective reinforcers for both individuals with developmental disabilities and older adults with dementia and can provide staff with a brief method for identifying enjoyable activities. This study examined the utility of using stimuli (identified from preference assessments) in behavioral management protocols with 11 elders (mean age = 85.6 years) with dementia in a long-term care setting. Behavioral outcomes of depression and agitation were evaluated at baseline and throughout the intervention. Results indicated positive improvement in behavioral symptoms in 8 of 11 participants. The utility of using preferred items in behavioral management protocols was supported for reducing agitated behaviors but was only partially supported for decreasing depressive symptoms in individuals with dementia.
A real-time applicator position monitoring system for gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy

Purpose: To develop a real-time applicator position monitoring system (RAPS) for intracavitary brachytherapy using an infrared camera and reflective markers. Methods: 3D image-guided brachytherapy requires high accuracy of applicator localization; however, applicator displacement can happen during patient transfer for imaging and treatment delivery. No continuous applicator position monitoring system is currently available. The RAPS system was developed for real-time applicator position monitoring without additional radiation dose to patients. It includes an infrared camera, reflective markers, an infrared illuminator, and image processing software. After reflective markers are firmly attached to the applicator and the patient body, applicator displacement can be measured by computing the relative change in distance between the markers. The reflective markers are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible, which is suitable for MRI-guided HDR brachytherapy paradigm. In our prototype, a Microsoft Kinect sensor with a resolution of 640 by 480 pixels is used as an infrared camera. A phantom study was carried out to compare RAPS' measurements with known displacements ranging from −15 to +15 mm. A reproducibility test was also conducted. Results: The RAPS can achieve 4 frames/s using a laptop with Intel® Core™2 Duo processor. When the pixel size is 0.95 mm, the difference between RAPS' measurements and known shift values varied from 0 to 0.8 mm with the mean value of 0.1 mm and a standard deviation of 0.44 mm. The system reproducibility was within 0.6 mm after ten reposition trials. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the feasibility of a real-time infrared camera based gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy applicator monitoring system. Less than 1 mm accuracy is achieved when using an off-the-shelf infrared camera.