cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A bleeding risk index for estimating the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy

purpose: To construct and test prospectively a bleeding risk index for estimating the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting long-term anticoagulant therapy. patients and methods: In an inception cohort of 617 patients starting long-term anticoagulant therapy in one hospital, data were gathered retrospectively and bleeding was classified using reliable explicit criteria. We constructed a bleeding risk index by identifying and weighting independent predictors of major bleeding using a multivariate proportional-hazards model. The bleeding risk index was tested in 394 other patients prospectively identified in a second hospital. The index was compared to physicians' predictions. results: Major bleeding developed before discharge in 61 of all 1,011 patients (6%). The bleeding risk index included four independent risk factors for major in-hospital bleeding: the number of specific comorbid conditions; heparin use in patients aged 60 years or older; maximal prothrombin or partial thromboplastin time 2.0 or more times control; liver dysfunction worsening during therapy. In the testing group, the index predicted major bleeding, which occurred in 3% of 235 low-risk patients, 16% of 96 middle-risk patients, and 19% of 63 high-risk patients (p <0.001). The bleeding risk index performed as well as physicians' predictions, and integration of the bleeding risk index with physicians' predictions led to a classification system that was more sensitive (p = 0.03) than physicians' predictions alone. In 86% of patients with a high risk of major bleeding, we identified specific ways of improving therapy, e.g., avoiding overanticoagulation and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. conclusion: The bleeding risk index provides valid estimates of the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting long-term anticoagulant therapy and complements physicians' predictions. The possibility that bleeding can be prevented in high-risk patients warrants prospective evaluation.
Systems of Silence: Word/less Fragments of Race in Autoethnography

This essay offers a continuation of the dialogue of desire proposed by Anna Deavere Smith and Cornell West to find a language that speaks the complexity of race while simultaneously creating supportive productive diverse communities. As a white performative autoethnographer, a methodological skepticism of language's ability to represent race seems a critically productive space to speak into this desire. In our racialized copresence with one another, how does language function to perpetuate racial hegemonies, and then, how can autoethnography performatively interrupt hegemonic practices for the purpose of reimagining and repositioning agency? What follows are fragmented responses to that question, refracted critical self-reflexions representing my own struggle to construct pieces of the language that Smith and West speak of.
Overcoming Barriers to Translation from Experimental Stroke Models

The current understanding of stroke pathophysiology and the recognition of advantages and disadvantages of animal models are providing a renewed incentive for translational research. However, when neuroprotective drugs that work in animal models for adult stroke fail when tested in humans, this can result in major setbacks for developing stroke therapy. In this review, we will define key challenges and complexities in translational stroke research. In part 1, we focus on how to choose an appropriate experimental stroke model, role of species, strain, sex and age of animals, morphological and functional differences between the brain of humans and animals, and protection of cerebral gray matter (instead of both gray and white matter). In part 2, we discuss preclinical pitfalls, including physiological monitoring, role of anesthesia, dosing and side effects, therapeutic window, and outcome measures. In part 3, we focus on the ischemic penumbra as a target of neuroprotection in experimental and clinical stroke. By recognizing the advances in stroke basic science, translational research is moving forward in the development of new effective acute stroke treatments. Success in this endeavor requires increased interactions and cooperation between basic scientists and clinical researchers.
The Unobserved Returns to Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the PSID

This paper resolves a longstanding empirical puzzle: that most entrepreneurs persist despite lower initial earnings and earnings growth. I hypothesize that consumption is a better measure of self-employment returns than reported income, suffering from fewer biases. Using 38 years of longitudinal data, I find that individuals in self-employment report earning 26.2% less, but consume 4.5% more. This increase comes from persistence, with consumption growing 0.85% more annually in self-employment. Increased consumption is not offset by lower savings or higher uncertainty, and those who fail in self-employment do not incur observable losses in lifetime consumption. Lastly, individuals work more in self-employment.
Floating Thoracic Spine After Double, Noncontiguous Three-Column Spinal Fractures

Background Double, noncontiguous, 3-column spinal injuries are a rare phenomenon most often caused by high-energy trauma. The resulting multilevel, fracture-dislocation injuries represent 2 separate 3-column lesions and produce a floating spine segment between the 2 fracture dislocation sites. Only a few cases of these rare, posttraumatic injuries have been reported previously; however, all of these included a combination of injuries in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine. Case Description We present the first report of a case of double-level spinal injury isolated to the thoracic spine, with an intermediate floating spinal segment in a 48-year-old man after a 30-foot fall. In our case, the standard 3 above and 2 below pedicle instrumentation was not sufficient to stabilize the thoracic spine. Conclusions We consider the evaluation and surgical management of these fractures and discuss how a standard “3 above-2 below” approach may not be sufficient to stabilize these unstable injuries. In the case of severe, noncontiguous double chance fractures of the spine, we recommend a more extensive anteroposterior approach to reduce the risk of hardware failure and worsening spinal deformity.
Histamine, pentagastrin, methyl xanthines and adenyl cyclase activity in acid secretion.

SummaryStudies of acid secretion were made in four dogs with a gastric fistula (GF) and Heidenhain pouch (HP) in response to various doses of histamine, pentagastrin, caffeine, aminophylline, histamine plus caffeine, pentagastrin plus caffeine, and aminophylline. Similar but limited studies were made in 16 volunteers using histamine or pentagastrin with or without caffeine. It was found that pentagastrin-stimulated acid output was not increased by the methyl xanthines in dog and man. Acid output in response to histamine was potentiated by caffeine in the dog but not in the human studies. Neither caffeine nor aminophylline when infused alone stimulated acid output in the dog. At the end of the animal experiments studies were made in vitro of adenyl cyclase activity in fundic and antral mucosa. Adenyl cyclase activity in dog gastric mucosa was not stimulated by histamine or pentagastrin.A preliminary report of this work was published as an abstract in Gastroenterology 60, 649 (1971). These studies were supp...
Child hunger is a prescription for depression in late adolescence and early adulthood

Commentary on: McIntyre L, Williams JV, Lavorato DH, et al. Depression and suicide ideation in late adolescence and early adulthood are an outcome of child hunger. J Affect Disord 2013;150:123–9.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] In cross-sectional studies, food insecurity is associated with poor mental health, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents and adults with children. Much less is known, however, about the long-term effects of food insecurity, and even less is known about the pathways through which the association between food insecurity and depression occur. The present study utilised data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), from 1995 to 2009. Using a single yes/no question that asked “Has [the child]/have you ever experienced being hungry because the family has run out of food or money to buy food?,” the authors … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BAffect%2BDisord%26rft.volume%253D150%26rft.spage%253D123%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.jad.2012.11.029%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23276702%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.029&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23276702&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F3%2F113.atom
The Effectiveness of the Relationship Between User Groups and Data Processing Centers

The article presents the findings of a study which analyzed the quality of the relationship between a data processing center and the user departments. The three departments are the University Book ...
Pemphiginae Associated with the Roots of Conifers in North America (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Keys, descriptions, and biological notes are given for 8 species and 2 subspecies of Pemphiginae which are known to be, or are strongly suspected of being, associated with roots of conifers in North America. The species and subspecies are divided into 3 genera: Prociphilus americanus (Walker), P. carolinsnsis , n. sp., P. piniradicivorus , n. sp., P. alnifoliae alnifoliae (Williams), P. alnifoliae arbutifoliae , n. ssp., P. alnifoliae fitchi Baker & Davidson, Rhizomaria piceae Hartig, Stagona crataegistrobi , n. sp., S. piceaerubensis , n. sp., and S. xylostei (De Geer).
Mechanism of Residue Loss of Hercules AC-528 Components on Plant Foliage

The acaricide and insecticide, Hercules AC-.528 (Delnav), is a mixture of the cis and trans isomers of 2,3-p-dioxanedithiol S,S-bis(O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) along with certain other phosphorodithioates. Loss of the Hercules AC-.528 components from plants resulted from volatilization, hydrolysis, and the formation of more polar derivatives and more potent anticholinesterase agents. The cis and trails isomers of Hercules AC-528 were similar in persistence so that the isomer ratio did not change during residue loss from that of the insecticide initially applied to the plants. No inter-conversion occurred on plants between the cis and trans isomers and the dioxene derivative, which is an impurity in the technical insecticide. The components of Hercules AC-528were only slowly hydrolyzed on the plant surface, but rapidly hydrolyzed when absorbed into the plants. Several of the components were converted to more polar derivatives and more potent anticholinesterase agents when applied to plants. This conversion may be due in part to the formation of phosphorothiolate derivatives. Attempts at chemical oxidation of certain components of Hercules AC-528 to yield the phosphorothiolate derivatives were only partially successful. Several components of technical Hercules AC-528 and certain non-hydrolyzed derivatives formed from the Hercules AC-528 components after application to plants are not determined by the residue analysis procedure of Dunn (1958). The toxicological significance of the organophosphates present in residues of Hercules AC-528 on crops but not determined by the colorimetric method of analysis cannot he fully evaluated with the limited data presented here.
Research keeps lead and zinc viable in high-tech markets

Lead and zinc have long enjoyed widespread use in a variety of applications. To insure growing markets for the future, however, new applications for these durable metals must be developed. Currently, projects are underway to determine the capabilities of lead for such high-technology uses as earthquake damping and nuclear waste containment. Zinc’s capabilities are being developed further, too, particularly in the areas of direct injection die casting, composites and the improvement of coating properties. Other ongoing research initiatives are attempting to better determine the health and environmental influences of these metals.
Inhibitory Effect of Warfarin on the Metastasis of the PAIII Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in the Rat

Abstract The PAIII rodent metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma model was employed to evaluate the effects of dietary warfarin, a prototypic antagonist of thrombin generation, on the lymphatic and pulmonary metastases of the tumor from the tail site of subcutaneous transplantation in male Lobund Wistar (LW) rats. In addition, the anticoagulant effects of warfarin were determined in the same animals. Warfarin, administered in the diet at concentrations equivalent to 0.063, 0.125 or 0.250 mg./kg. b.w. for 30 days had no effect on final body weight, gluteal or iliac lymph node weights. Significant (p
White Matter Dementia: Origin, Development, Progress, and Prospects

The term white matter dementia (WMD) was introduced in 1988 to highlight the role of white matter in the development of dementia. As the concept has been refined with new insights into the structure and function of normal and abnormal white matter, research has expanded to consider normal cognition, network connectivity, novel treatment ideas, and the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia. Emerging data are also identifying new opportunities for dementia prevention by avoidance of acquired vascular and traumatic white matter insults. The idea of WMD promises to continue as a useful construct informing the study of dementia and the understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
Sampling based collision avoidance for UAVs

We present the design and implementation of a path planning algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to avoid collisions with other aircraft. The aircraft are indifferent to the UAV. A sampling based method is developed to generate the avoidance path. The UAV's closed-loop system is used to simulate the trajectory in collision check used in path planning. The generated path is then checked against updated states of the UAV and obstacle aircraft, and a new path will be planned if the original one leads to a collision. The algorithm is validated in Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation (HIL) and real flight experiments. The paper shows that the algorithm is able to generate paths for the UAV to avoid obstacles of different numbers, approaching angles, and speeds.
Shifts in endocrine homeostasis and preventive hormone replacement therapy: extending the Women's Health Initiative globally.

Reducing disease risk for women after menopause is global health issue. A major portion of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) consisted of two clinical trials involving 161,809 post-menopausal women aged 50–79 that tested the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on reducing cardiovascular disease and other secondary outcomes. Previous analyses of the data reveal that HRT should not be recommended for post-menopausal women, but show potential benefits for younger women. Thus, there may be a critical period just prior to or during the early stages of menopause where HRT could be both safe and beneficial. Menopause marks the beginning of a process of non-reversible reduction in estrogen by which estrogen levels decline progressively, followed by a reduction in estrogen receptors. This results in periods of hormone-receptor imbalances, exacerbating the effects of lower serum estrogen and is considered the primarily endocrinal source of menopause symptoms. Eventually a hormone-receptor balance is achieved at a lower level. Here, we purport that the negative outcomes from WHI trials were primarily due to the fact preventive HRT was initiated in women who had already achieved hormone-receptor equilibrium at lower hormonal levels. We argue for further HRT clinical trials in women at varying stages of menopause, including pre-menopause and early menopause, and in women from different countries. Variation across countries and subgroups in how women experience menopause and perceive menopause symptoms suggest that biocultural differences should be considered in both study design and measurement approaches to test the effectiveness of HRT. Particularly, we recommend longitudinal studies to assess changes in hormonal level over time, and to detect the “most effective period” for HRT to reduce health risk for women going through the whole menopause period.
Realism and social structure

Social constructionism is often considered a form of anti-realism. But in contemporary feminist philosophy, an increasing number of philosophers defend views that are well-described as both realist and social constructionist. In this paper, I use the work of Sally Haslanger as an example of realist social constructionism. I argue: (i) that Haslanger is best interpreted as defending metaphysical realism about social structures; (ii) that this type of metaphysical realism about the social world presents challenges to some popular ways of understanding metaphysical realism.
Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway

The PD-1 pathway plays an essential role in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance. However, cancers can subvert the role of this pathway and blind the immune system to their presence. The molecular details of the pathway are discussed.
Ultracompact Field-Effect Plasmonic Modulator

We present an ultracompact electro-absorption (EA) plasmonic modulator based on the field effect inside a metal-insulator-conductive oxide (MIC) structure. The modulator has an effective length of only 800nm, and can potentially work at high speed.
Transformation of hepatitis C antiviral treatment in a national healthcare system following the introduction of direct antiviral agents.

SummaryBackground Highly effective direct antiviral agents (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) were introduced recently. Their utilisation has been limited by high cost and low access to care. Aim To describe the effect of DAAs on HCV treatment and cure rates in the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) national healthcare system. Methods We identified all HCV antiviral treatment regimens initiated from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2015 (n = 105 369) in the VA national healthcare system, and determined if they resulted in sustained virological response (SVR). Results HCV antiviral treatment rates were low (1981–6679 treatments/year) in the interferon era (1999–2010). The introduction of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in 2013 and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and paritaprevir/ombitasvir/ritonavir/dasabuvir in 2014 were followed by increases in annual treatment rates to 9180 in 2014 and 31 028 in 2015. The number of patients achieving SVR was 1313 in 2010, the last year of the interferon era, and increased 5.6-fold to 7377 in 2014 and 21-fold to 28 084 in 2015. The proportion of treated patients who achieved SVR increased from 19.2% in 1999 and 36.0% in 2010 to 90.5% in 2015. Within 2015, monthly treatment rates ranged from 727 in July to 6868 in September correlating with the availability of funds for DAAs. Conclusions DAAs resulted in a 21-fold increase in the number of patients achieving HCV cure. Treatment rates in 2015 were limited primarily by the availability of funds. Further increases in funding and cost reductions of DAAs in 2016 suggest that the VA could cure the majority of HCV-infected Veterans in VA care within the next few years.
A Unified CFD-Based Approach to a Variety of Problems in Computational Physics

It is shown that many of the equations of mathematical physics describing a diverse range of physical phenomena, for example the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics, Maxwell equations, Schroedinger equation, semiconductor device simulation equations, relativistic gas dynamics equations, equations governing the elastic deformation of solids, equations of general relativity etc. can be written as a set of first-order partial differential equations in conservation law form. As a consequence, the well-developed CFD grid-generation techniques and solution algorithms can be easily applied for the numerical solution of these equations. However the gridding and the numerical algorithm employed must capture the physics of the problem and these requirements may differ substantially depending upon the problem to be solved. For example, the gridding requirements for scattering problems in computational electromagnetics are substantially different from those needed for flowfield simulations in computational aerodynamics. Examples from several disciplines are considered to describe the unified approach and to highlight the application specific differences which must be considered in gridding and in selecting/developing an efficient numerical algorithm.
Effect of in-situ annealing temperature on magnetic domain structure and magnetism of Zr2Co11 thin films

Abstract Rhombohedral Zr 2 Co 11 -based materials have shown very promising magnetic properties, but this rhombohedral phase is elusive and metastable. In this study, nanocrystalline Zr 2 Co 11 films were obtained by magnetron co-sputtering on Si (100) substrate with the in-situ annealing. Temperature dependence of magnetic domain structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Zr 2 Co 11 have been investigated. Proper in-situ annealing temperature enhances the content of hard magnetic phase and improves the magnetic properties. Compared with Zr 2 Co 11 thin films grown at low temperature (823 K) and higher temperatures, thin films with in-situ annealing temperature of 1023 K have coercivity B c ( B c = μ 0 H c ) of 0.15 T and energy product BH max of 16.0 kJ/m 3 . Magnetic Force Microscopy images show the highest bright-dark magnetic domain contrast with highest root-mean-square values of the phase shift for thin film with in-situ annealing temperature of 1023 K. These findings have correlated magnetic domain structure and magnetic properties of Zr 2 Co 11 thin films, and elaborated the effect of different in-situ annealing temperatures on magnetic domain structure.
The Physiology of Executive Functioning

Executive function (EF) has been defined as a multifaceted construct that involves a variety of high-level cognitive abilities (De Frias, Dixon, & Strauss, 2006). For most of the last century, studies of executive functions originated from neuropsychological research that focused on adults with frontal lobe damage (Stuss & Benson, 1986). Results of these studies suggested that lesions in the prefrontal cortex are associated with difficulties in tasks that require the ability to control impulses, plan strategically, and inhibit behaviors (Luria, 1972). Over the years, major features of executive functions have been identified, and these include abilities such as inhibitory control, attention shifting, working memory, goal-directed behavior, and strategic planning (Barkley, 1997; Miyake et al., 2000; Zelazo & Muller, 2002). Although essential components, such as response inhibition and goal-directed behavior, have been identified as important facets of executive function (Weyandt, 2009), to date, there is no agreed upon definition for this construct (Jurado & Rosselli, 2007).
Control-Oriented Modeling of Combustion Phasing on Diesel Engines

Diesel engines can operate with high efficiencies, but this efficient operation is contingent on proper combustion phasing control. As engine complexity increases, model-based control of combustion phasing is becoming more essential. Such a control method requires an efficient model that can predict combustion metrics based on factors such as engine speed, injection timings and fuel equivalence ratio. A mean-value control-oriented model of diesel engine combustion phasing is presented in this paper. This model combines a knock integral model, burn duration prediction model and a Wiebe function to estimate the combustion phasing of a diesel engine. The model is validated with over 500 simulations as well as experimental results and is shown to accurately predict the control phasing of diesel engine.
A phase II study of sirolimus and erlotinib in recurrent/refractory germ cell tumors.

TPS2638 Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) affect children and young adults, with testicular germ cell tumor the most common cancer in young men. While platinum-based treatment has been successful...
When a heritage speaker wants to be a Spanish teacher: Educational experiences and challenges

This study explored the experiences of eight Latina heritage speakers (HSs) who were enrolled in world language teacher preparation programs at two higher education institutions. Using data from interviews, classroom observations, and other documents, the qualitative multiple‐case study investigated their educational experiences and the challenges involved in attaining initial Spanish teacher certification. Four themes emerged: motivation to become a world language teacher, language awareness, developing professional and pedagogical knowledge, and issues related to the academic program. Recommendations for world language teacher preparation are offered.
Liquid Active Zones for Controlling the Phases of Synaptic Transmission.

Wu et al. (2019) establish that the active zone proteins RIM and RIM-BP undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to tether Ca2+ channels. This important finding sets a new framework to study assembly and function of the presynaptic nerve terminal.
Structural and Functional Annotation of Eukaryotic Genomes with GenSAS

The Genome Sequence Annotation Server (GenSAS, https://www.gensas.org ) is a secure, web-based genome annotation platform for structural and functional annotation, as well as manual curation. Requiring no installation by users, GenSAS integrates popular command line-based, annotation tools under a single, easy-to-use, online interface. GenSAS integrates JBrowse and Apollo, so users can view annotation data and manually curate gene models. Users are guided step by step through the annotation process by embedded instructions and a more in-depth GenSAS User's Guide. In addition to a genome assembly file, users can also upload organism-specific transcript, protein, and RNA-seq read evidence for use in the annotation process. The latest versions of the NCBI RefSeq transcript and protein databases and the SwissProt and TrEMBL protein databases are provided for all users. GenSAS projects can be shared with other GenSAS users enabling collaborative annotation. Once annotation is complete, GenSAS generates the final files of the annotated gene models in common file formats for use with other annotation tools, submission to a repository, and use in publications.
Impact of lighting and attire on 3D scanner performance

This paper considers the impact of lighting and attire on the performance of a previously created low-cost 3D scanning system. It considers the effect of adjusting the lighting configuration and of the subject’s clothing on the quality of the scans and the number and types of objects that can be scanned. The experimentation performed tested different types (colors and textures) of clothing to assess which produced the best scans and multiple lighting configurations. This paper presents the results from this experimentation and, from this, make generalizations about optimizing visible light scanner performance before concluding with a discussion of scanner efficacy.
Quantum‐Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra‐Low‐Carrier‐Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level

A key feature of the topological surface state under a magnetic field is the presence of the zeroth Landau level at the zero energy. Nonetheless, it is challenging to probe the zeroth Landau level due to large electron-hole puddles smearing its energy landscape. Here, by developing ultra-low-carrier density topological insulator Sb2 Te3 films, an extreme quantum limit of the topological surface state is reached and a hidden phase at the zeroth Landau level is uncovered. First, an unexpected quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition near the zeroth Landau level is discovered. Then, through a detailed scaling analysis, it is found that this quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition belongs to a new universality class, implying that the insulating phase discovered here has a fundamentally different origin from those in nontopological systems.
Block-Term Tensor Decomposition Via Constrained Matrix Factorization

In this work, we consider the problem of factoring a third-order tensor into multilinear rank -($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) terms. This model, referred to as the rank-($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) block-term decomposition (BTD), finds many applications in signal processing, especially blind separation of smooth sources and unmixing spectral-spatial data (e.g., hyper-spectral image). On the other hand, finding latent factors of rank-($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) BTD poses a very challenging optimization problem. Some computational tools designed for canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) (e.g., alternating least squares (ALS) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) based algorithms) can be modified to handle rank-($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) BTD. Nonetheless, these methods essentially treat rank-($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) BTD as a special CPD problem. This raises a number of challenges, since rank -($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) BTD can be viewed as a CPD problem with rank-deficient latent factors and high CP rank–and these are known as hard cases for CPD algorithms. In this work, we reformulate the rank-($L_{r},\ L_{r}$, 1) BTD problem as a matrix rank-constrained matrix factorization problem. We propose a simple algorithm that combines alternating optimization and projected gradient. This way, the per-iteration complexity is much smaller than those of the ALS and LM-based algorithms. We also show that the algorithm converges to a stationary point of the problem of interest at a sublinear rate–although nonconvex constraints are involved. Numerical experiments are conducted to showcase the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Marginalised Geographies and Spatialised Identities

Many cities now collect, aggregate and oftentimes visualise data to identify neighbourhoods in need of greater policing, public assistance or restructuring. And the rhetoric about these initiatives usually includes claims that the use of digital technologies, social media platforms, and collected data will make city officials more accountable, enable greater citizen input, and improve the overall quality of urban life. As this chapter argues, however, many of these practices function to aggravate already existing racial–spatial divisions, construct and reinforce existing topologies of power, and deleteriously mediate and threaten neighbourhood identities. Specifically, this chapter investigates data-driven constructions of geographic knowledge and state power, particularly as manifested through certain affective technologies of safety and security, such as crowdsourcing smartphone applications, the digital visualisation of crime, and the more recent phenomenon of predictive policing. Relying in part on Richard Grusin’s theory of premediation, I argue that the more recent and growing phenomenon of predictive policing, wherein cities use data to help predict future crimes, tends to target lower class neighbourhoods and functions to premediate and reinforce existing socio-economic disparities. Similarly, citizen-sourcing smartphone apps that encourage residents to report problems in their neighbourhoods may allow for greater agency and citizen engagement, on the one hand, but also become indicative of neoliberal techniques that shape productive, autonomous, and self-regulating citizens and ordered socio-spatial constructs.
The CELLEX is comparable to the UVAR-XTS for the treatment of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Background Two extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) instruments, the CELLEX and the UVARXTS are currently being used "off-label" in the US for treatment of graft versus host disease (GVHD). Our study compared the performance of the two instruments in the setting of acute and chronic GVHD. Study design and methods We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of patients with steroid refractory or steroid resistant GVHD undergoing ECP at Barnes Jewish Hospital. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the comparative efficacy of the two instruments with respect to steroid dose reduction (≥50% from baseline) and clinical improvement in GVHD. Chi-square/Fisher exact tests were used to compare the incidence of adverse events, while multivariate Cox regression was employed to assess a potential difference in mortality between the two instrument treatment cohorts. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no significant difference in the odds of steroid dose reduction (OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-3.90, p = 0.50) or clinical improvement (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 0.63-6.41, p = 0.24) between the two instrument treatment cohorts. The frequency of adverse events (CELLEX 45.4%; UVAR XTS 40.5%, p = 0.55) was also comparable between the cohorts. There was no significant difference in mortality of either acute or chronic GVHD patients when treated by the CELLEX as compared to the UVAR-XTS (aHR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.35-1.25, p = 0.20). Conclusion The efficacy and safety of the two ECP instruments, the CELLEX and the UVAR-XTS, are comparable for the treatment of acute and chronic GVHD.
Machine learning for functional group identification in vibrational spectroscopy: A pedagogical lab for undergraduate chemistry students

Here we report a computational activity that introduces undergraduate physical chemistry students to machine learning (ML) in the context of vibrational spectroscopy. In the first part of the activity, students use ML binary classification algorithms to distinguish between carbonyl-containing and non-carbonyl-containing molecules on the basis of their infrared absorption spectra and test modifications to this basic analysis. In a further extension of the activity, students implement a multiclass classification to predict whether carbonyl-containing molecules contain a ketone, a carboxylic acid, or another carbonyl group. This activity is designed to introduce students both to the basic workflow of a ML classification analysis and to some of the ways in which machine learning analyses can fail. We provide a comprehensive handout for the activity, including theoretical background and a detailed protocol, as well as datasets and code to implement the exercise in Python or Mathematica.
Exploring how tobacco advertisements are associated with tobacco use susceptibility in tobacco naive adolescents from the PATH study.

Abstract Adolescents' susceptibility to pro-tobacco marketing advertisements puts them at risk for initiating and continued use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to quantify the cross-sectional association between tobacco ad exposure and tobacco use susceptibility (e.g., curiosity about tobacco products, willingness, and future intention to try tobacco products) among tobacco-naive adolescents. Data came from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a nationally-representative sample of US adolescents ages 12–17. We used logistic regression to examine (1) characteristics associated with tobacco ad exposure; (2) associations between tobacco ad exposures (by product type/venue) and tobacco use susceptibility (among tobacco-naive adolescents only). The results suggested that higher household income, living with tobacco user(s), substance use history, and mental health problem(s) were associated with increased odds of tobacco marketing exposure. Among tobacco naive adolescents (N = 9455), tobacco ads exposure was positively associated with tobacco use susceptibility, compared with the non-exposure group. Seeing cigarettes/other non-ENDS tobacco products only was associated with a 1.64 increase in odds being susceptible to tobacco use; tobacco ads exposure via website and/or social media sites only (cigarette/other non-ENDS tobacco, AOR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.25–2.81; ENDS, AOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.43–3.55) was associated with higher odds of tobacco use susceptibility, compared to the non-exposure group. With rapidly increasing rates of ENDS use in adolescents, it is crucial that advertisements promoting the initiation and continued use of ENDS are strictly regulated, especially among advertisements that are online and on social media sites.
Risk Assessment for Performance-Driven Building Design with BIM-Based Parametric Methods.

A growing demand for handling uncertainties and risks in performance-driven building design decision-making has challenged conventional design methods. Thus, researchers in this field lean towards viable alternatives to using deterministic design methods, e.g., probabilistic methods. This research addresses the challenges associated with conventional methods of performance-driven building design, i.e., ignoring the existing uncertainties and lacking a systematic framework to incorporate risk assessment in building performance analysis. This research introduces a framework (BIMProbE) to integrate BIM-based parametric tools with building probabilistic performance analysis to facilitate uncertainty analysis and risk assessment in performance-based building design decision-making. A hypothetical building design scenario is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed framework. The results show that the probabilistic method leads to a different performance ranking order than the deterministic method. Also, the probabilistic method allows evaluating design options based on different risk attitudes.
Meaning in Motion: New Cultural Studies of Dance

Dance, whether considered as an art form or embodied social practice, as product or process, is a prime subject for cultural analysis. Yet only recently have studies of dance become concerned with the ideological, theoretical, and social meanings of dance practices, performances, and institutions. In Meaning in Motion , Jane C. Desmond brings together the work of critics who have ventured into the boundaries between dance and cultural studies, and thus maps a little-known and rarely explored critical site. Writing from a broad range of perspectives, contributors from disciplines as varied as art history and anthropology, dance history and political science, philosophy and women’s studies chart the questions and challenges that mark this site. How does dance enact or rework social categories of identity? How do meanings change as dance styles cross borders of race, nationality, or class? How do we talk about materiality and motion, sensation and expressivity, kinesthetics and ideology? The authors engage these issues in a variety of contexts: from popular social dances to the experimentation of the avant-garde; from nineteenth-century ballet and contemporary Afro-Brazilian Carnival dance to hip hop, the dance hall, and film; from the nationalist politics of folk dances to the feminist philosophies of modern dance. Giving definition to a new field of study, Meaning in Motion broadens the scope of dance analysis and extends to cultural studies new ways of approaching matters of embodiment, identity, and representation. Contributors. Ann Cooper Albright, Evan Alderson, Norman Bryson, Cynthia Cohen Bull, Ann Daly, Brenda Dixon Gottschild, Susan Foster, Mark Franko, Marianne Goldberg, Amy Koritz, Susan Kozel, Susan Manning, Randy Martin, Angela McRobbie, Kate Ramsey, Anna Scott, Janet Wolff
The Role of Persuasive Communicators in Implementing Gender-Equity Initiatives

At a time when gender-equity is a celebrated issue, it is unsettling to acknowledge that gender differences in science and mathematics interest and achievement continue. The small number of women who study science and mathematics in high school and beyond, the low representation of women in scientific and technological careers, and some data showing lower levels of female interest and achievement in science and mathematics have generated much debate among the experts who try to explain these events. Physiological explanations for the conspicuous gender differences in science and mathematics have been proffered (Rudisill & Morrison, 1989). However, most researchers tend to agree that the observed gender differences are due to culturally-imposed stereotypes (Hensel, 1989; Kahle & Meece 1994).
Direct CD8:CD4 T cell interactions improve memory recall of CD8 T cells (33.9)

Protection against intracellular pathogens is conferred by CD8 T cells, which require CD4 T cell help to develop into effective memory CD8 T cells. It is believed that CD4 help is provided via licensing of APCs or IL-2 secretion to optimally stimulate CD8 T cells. We propose a new model where T:T interactions also play a role in CD8 T cell memory formation. Here, we show that endogenous CD8 T cells, detected by tetramer enrichment, can acquire MHC class II when responding to infection. Next, we demonstrate that CD11c+ APCs are the main source of this MHC class II. Finally, we show that MHC class II bearing activated CD8 T cells can directly interact with experienced CD4 T cells impacting memory recall responses of CD8 T cells in vivo. These observations suggest that program differentiation of memory CD8 T cells involves a novel direct interaction between CD8 and CD4 T cells. Furthermore, this model may also facilitate the understanding of immune regulation exerted on CD8 T cells depending on the profile of the interacting CD4 T cell population. Support for this Research comes from the National Institutes of Health, Grant: 1RO1AI042373-04, PI: John D. Altman.
Level Set Methods in an EM Framework for Shape Classification and Estimation

In this paper, we propose an Expectation-Maximization (EM) approach to separate a shape database into different shape classes, while simultaneously estimating the shape contours that best exemplify each of the different shape classes. We begin our formulation by employing the level set function as the shape descriptor. Next, for each shape class we assume that there exists an unknown underlying level set function whose zero level set describes the contour that best represents the shapes within that shape class. The level set function for each example shape is modeled as a noisy measurement of the appropriate shape class’s unknown underlying level set function. Based on this measurement model and the judicious introduction of the class labels as hidden data, our EM formulation calculates the labels for shape classification and estimates the shape contours that best typify the different shape classes. This resulting iterative algorithm is computationally efficient, simple, and accurate. We demonstrate the utility and performance of this algorithm by applying it to two medical applications.
Isolation of a Transformation-Defective Deletion Mutant of Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus

A transformation-defective (td) deletion mutant of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (td Mo-MSV) and a transforming component termed Mo-MSV 3 were cloned from a stock of clone 3 Mo-MSV. To define the defect of the transforming function, the RNA of td Mo-MSV was compared with those of Mo-MSV 3 and of another transforming variant termed Mo-MSV 124 and with helper Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The RNA monomers of td Mo-MSV and Mo-MSV 3 comigrated on polyacrylamide gels and were estimated to be 4.8 kilobases (kb) in length. In agreement with previous analyses, the RNA of Mo-MSV 124 measured 5.5 kb and that of Mo-MuLV measured 8.5 kb. The interrelationships among the viral RNAs were studied by fingerprinting and mapping of RNase T(1)-resistant oligonucleotides (T(1)-oligonucleotides) and by identification of T(1)-oligonucleotides present in hybrids formed by a given viral RNA with cDNA's made from another virus. The nontransforming td Mo-MSV RNA lacked most of the Mo-MSV-specific sequence, i.e., the four 3'-proximal T(1)-oligonucleotides of the six T(1)-oligonucleotides that are shared by the Mo-MSV-specific sequences of Mo-MSV 3 and Mo-MSV 124. The remaining two Mo-MSV-specific oligonucleotides identified td Mo-MSV as a deletion mutant of MSV rather than a deletion mutant of Mo-MuLV. td Mo-MSV and Mo-MSV 124 exhibited similar deletions of gag, pol, and env sequences which were less extensive than those of Mo-MSV 3. Hence, td Mo-MSV is not simply a deletion mutant of Mo-MSV 3. In addition to their MSV-specific sequences, all three MSV variants, including td Mo-MSV, shared the terminal sequences probably encoding the proviral long terminal repeat, which differed from their counterpart in Mo-MuLV. This may indirectly contribute to the oncogenic potential of MSV. A comparison of td Mo-MSV sequences with either Mo-MSV 124 or Mo-MSV 3 indicated directly, in a fashion similar to the deletion analyses which defined the src gene of avian sarcoma viruses, that Mo-MuLV-unrelated sequences of Mo-MSV are necessary for transformation. A definition of transformation-specific sequences of Mo-MSV by deletion analysis confirmed and extended previous analyses which have identified Mo-MuLV-unrelated sequences in Mo-MSV RNA and other studies which have described transformation of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts upon transfection with DNAs containing the Mo-MSV-specific sequence.
Fine-grained recognition without part annotations

Scaling up fine-grained recognition to all domains of fine-grained objects is a challenge the computer vision community will need to face in order to realize its goal of recognizing all object categories. Current state-of-the-art techniques rely heavily upon the use of keypoint or part annotations, but scaling up to hundreds or thousands of domains renders this annotation cost-prohibitive for all but the most important categories. In this work we propose a method for fine-grained recognition that uses no part annotations. Our method is based on generating parts using co-segmentation and alignment, which we combine in a discriminative mixture. Experimental results show its efficacy, demonstrating state-of-the-art results even when compared to methods that use part annotations during training.
Probing solute and solvent interactions within binary ionic liquid mixtures

In this communication, we explore solute–solvent and ion–ion interactions within binary ionic liquid mixtures. From the perspective of several solvatochromic reporter probes capable of a range of interactions, we have investigated the influence of mixture composition on the polarity, dielectric, hydrogen bonding interactions, and microfluidity within mixtures afforded by the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflyl)imide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Our results underscore the prevalence of hydrogen bond donor and competitive anion coordination effects, suggesting the possible use of such mixtures in the design and optimization of advanced media for separations or chemical processing.
Self‐Report Measures of Parent‐Adolescent Attachment and Separation‐Individuation: A Selective Review

The authors review and critique three self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment and three self-report measures of parent-adolescent separation-individuation. Relevant issues in the conceptualization and measurement of attachment and separation-individuation constructs are also discussed.
SHAREHOLDER LIMITED LIABILITY AND MEAN‐VARIANCE MODELS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE*

This paper demonstrates that shareholder limited liability imposes a restriction on corporate borrowing and that failure to incorporate this restriction into the analysis yields the “reductio ad absurdum” argument against mean-variance models of optimal capital structure. With corporate income taxes and costless bankruptcy, the firm's value is a monotonically increasing function of debt as long as the amount of debt does not exceed the upper limit imposed by shareholder limited liability. As a result, the introduction of costly bankruptcy into the mean-variance framework is justified.