cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A microstructural dry-snow metamorphism model for kinetic crystal growth

Historically, dry-snow metamorphism has been classified by the thermal environment and thermodynamic processes in a snowpack. Snow experiencing predominantly macroscopic isothermal conditions develops different microstructure than snow subjected to large temperature gradients. As such, much previous research has been categorized by and limited to specific thermal conditions. The current research expands a generalized approach for the movement of heat and mass to include a snow crystal kinetic growth model. An existing spiral defect propagation theory for kinetic growth on simple faceted geometry is utilized. Primary crystal habit as a function of temperature is incorporated. A model of heat and mass transfer through an ice and pore structure is coupled with phase-change thermodynamics during kinetic growth. A kinetic growth microstructure model is developed and integrated into heat and mass transfer representations, which are solved using finite-difference techniques. The kinetic morphology model approximates frequently observed hopper-type crystals. The snow microstructure is allowed to change at every step, resulting in a transient description of kinetic growth metamorphism. Variable kinetic growth rates are demonstrated based on temperature and on crystallographic orientation relative to a temperature gradient. Crystals preferentially aligned with the temperature gradient have significantly higher growth rates, supporting previous observations of predominant crystal habits developing under temperature gradient conditions. Grain-size dispersion increase with time is demonstrated and supported experimentally in the literature. A dominant grain growth theory based on crystallographic orientation that has been previously postulated is supported. A broad range of metamorphic geometric parameters and thermal conditions may now be simulated with a single model.
Developmental Differences in Early Adolescent Aggression: A Gene × Environment × Intervention Analysis

Aggression-related problems such as assault and homicide among adolescents and young adults exact considerable social and economic costs. Although progress has been made, additional research is needed to help combat this persistent problem. Several lines of research indicate that parental hostility is an especially potent predictor of adolescent aggression, although most longitudinal research has focused on clarifying the direction of effects. In this study, we used longitudinal data from the PROSPER project (N = 580; 54.8 % female), a primarily rural Caucasian preventative intervention sample, to examine developmental change in early- to mid-adolescent aggressive behavior problems (age 11–16 years). In addition, we examined maternal hostility as a predictor of developmental change in aggression and the PROSPER preventative intervention, designed to reduce substance use and aggression, as a potential influence on this association. Lastly, several studies indicate that variation in the DRD4 7-repeat gene moderates both parenting and intervention influences on externalizing behavior. Accordingly, we examined the potential moderating role of DRD4. As hypothesized, there was a significant maternal hostility by intervention interaction indicating that the intervention reduced the negative impact of maternal hostility on adolescent change in aggressive behavior problems. DRD4 7-repeat status (7+ vs. 7−) further conditioned this association whereby control group 7+ adolescents with hostile mothers showed increasing aggressive behavior problems. In contrast, aggression decreased for 7+ adolescents with similarly hostile mothers in the intervention. Implications for prevention are discussed as well as current perspectives in candidate gene-by-environment interaction research.
Preliminaries for a Spherical Compliant Mechanism: Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Kinematics

The kinematic portion of a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) is developed as a generalization from planar to spherical mechanisms. The topology of the spherical compliant segment and its rigid-body equivalent are derived from planar models by analogy. The nomenclature for the spherical PRBM is chosen to facilitate comparison with the planar PRBM. The motion of the compliant segment is calculated using FEA and PRBM parameters are determined. The characteristic radius and parametric angle coefficient are found to decrease as the angle subtended by the beam increases. The parameterization limit increases with increasing beam angle. The spherical PRBM is identical to the planar PRBM in the limiting case when beam angles become very small.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Information matrices for Laplace and Pareto mixtures

The Fisher information matrices for a mixture of two Laplace distributions and for a mixture of two Pareto distributions are derived. Numerical tabulations of the matrices are also provided for practical purposes. The work is motivated by two real-life examples.
Quality of Thermally Grown Oxides in 4H-SiC over Nitrogen or Phosphorus Implanted Regions

Current SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) have regions of the gate electrode that overlaps the source/drain contact implant. The source/drain region is electrically isolated from this gate electrode extension by the gate insulator. Typically, the gate insulator is established through a controlled thermal oxidation step. The performance of the electrical isolation between the gate electrode and the source/drain implant region is studied using MOS systems for the nitrogen and phosphorus implant species. The dielectric strength of thermal oxide grown over a phosphorus implanted region is about four times lower than a non-implanted region and about two times lower than the nitrogen implanted region for the same implant and anneal conditions.
A Comparison of Steady State and Transient Thermography Techniques Using a Healing Tendon Model

Steady state and transient thermal techniques were used to define the thermal signatures of surgically sectioned and sham-operated common calcanean tendons in four dogs. All limbs were imaged from the lateral side using an Inframetrics 525 system at - 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. Individual video frames were used to compute absolute surface temperatures and rewarm curves for five predetermined 1 cm2 skin areas. Angiography was performed at each observation period to correlate changes in vascular morphology and thermal data. Thermal signatures and angiograms were similar in all animals before surgery. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, the absolute surface temperatures of the entire lateral crus area were elevated in three of four animals. During weeks 6 and 8, the surface temperatures, rewarm curves, and angiograms returned to presurgical values for the controls. Skin areas over the repaired tendons remained warmer and were shown to correlate with vascular proliferation by transient but not steady state techniques. Steady state and transient thermal imaging techniques can be used to detect vascular changes in the area around a healing tendon. However, our data indicate that transient thermal techniques are more suitable than steady state methods for localizing vascular disturbances in tissues. Thermographic imaging techniques may become a reliable noninvasive method to monitor wound healing processes if starting temperatures, cool down techniques, and time intervals for data collection are fully evaluated in future studies using transient thermal imaging protocols.
Determination of nucleoside composition of ribonucleic acid by gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract A procedure for analyzing microgram quantities of RNA for nucleoside composition, including pseudouridine, is described. It involves enzymically digesting RNA to the constituent nucleosides, reducing the reaction mixture to dryness, and forming trimethylsilyl derivatives by treating with N,O -bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide without first removing salt and protein. Gas-liquid chromatography of an aliquot of nucleoside derivatives containing 10 μg or less of total nucleosides is performed with linear temperature programming. Chromatography time is less than 40 min.
Death Anxiety, Death Depression, and Death Obsession:

In a sample of 67 students, scores from Templer's and the Collett-Lester death anxiety scales, Templer, et al.'s death depression scale, and Abdel-Khalek's death obsession scale were only moderately associated, suggesting that the scales are measuring somewhat different constructs.
The Arabidopsis ACT7 Actin Gene Is Expressed in Rapidly Developing Tissues and Responds to Several External Stimuli

ACT7 encodes one of the six distinct and ancient subclasses of actin protein in the complex Arabidopsis actin gene family. We determined the sequence and structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana ACT7 actin gene and investigated its tissue-specific expression and regulation. The ACT7 mRNA levels varied by 128-fold among several different tissues and organs. The highest levels of ACT7 mRNA were found in rapidly expanding vegetative organs, the lowest in pollen. A translational fusion with the 5[prime] end of ACT7 (1.9 kb) joined to the [beta]-glucoronidase reporter gene was strongly and preferentially expressed in all young, developing vegetative tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. ACT7 was the only Arabidopsis actin gene strongly expressed in the hypocotyl and seed coat. Although no [beta]-glucoronidase expression was seen in developing ovules or immature seeds, strong expression was seen in dry seeds and immediately after imbibition in the entire seedling. ACT7 was the only Arabidopsis actin gene to respond strongly to auxin, other hormone treatments, light regime, and wounding, and may be the primary actin gene responding to external stimuli. The ACT7 promoter sequence contains a remarkable number of motifs with sequence similarity to putative phytohormone response elements.
Performance Theory of Diagonal Conducting Wall Magnetohydrodynamic Accelerators

The theoretical performance of diagonal conducting wall crossed-field accelerators is examined on the basis of an infinite segmentation assumption using a cross-plane averaged generalized Ohm s law for a partially ionized gas, including ion slip. The desired accelerator performance relationships are derived from the cross-plane averaged Ohm s law by imposing appropriate configuration and loading constraints. A current-dependent effective voltage drop model is also incorporated to account for cold-wall boundary layer effects, including gasdynamic variations, discharge constriction, and electrode falls. Definition of dimensionless electric fields and current densities leads to the construction of graphical performance diagrams, which further illuminate the rudimentary behavior of crossed-field accelerator operation.
CD44: a validated target for improved delivery of cancer therapeutics.

Introduction: Advances in cancer therapeutics, namely more effective and less toxic treatments, will occur with targeting strategies that enhance the tumor biodistribution and thwart normal tissue exposure of the drug. This review focuses on cancer drug targeting approaches that exploit the expression of the cell-surface proteoglycan family, CD44, on the tumor cell surface followed by some form of ligand binding and induced CD44 internalization and intracellular drug release: in effect using this as a ‘Trojan Horse’ to more selectively access tumor cells. Areas covered: This review defines the origins of evidence for a linkage between CD44 expression and malignancy, and invokes contemporary views of the importance of putative CD44+ cancer stem cells in disease resistance. Although the primary emphasis is on the most advanced and developed paths, those that have either made it to the clinic or are well-poised to get there, a wide scope of additional approaches at various preclinical stages is also briefly ...
The use of processed silicone to retain the implant-supported tissue-borne overdenture

A technique is described for constructing the implant-retained overdenture with heat-polymerized silicone that is processed around undercuts in a round bar framework connecting the implants. An acrylic resin circular rest contacting the bar ensures that the implants are loaded in occlusion for stress distribution over the fixtures.
Survival of the Fastest

Borrowing from Herbert Spencer’s phrase “survival of the fittest,” the documentary film Survival of the Fastest aired just before the 2012 Olympic Games. It recycles the outmoded notion that race i...
Principal components in the PG-X-ray QSO sample

We have performed a spectral principal component analysis for a complete sample of 22 low redshift QSOs with spectra from Lyα to Hα, and found three significant principal components, which account for ∼78% of the spectrum-to-spectrum variance. We present strong arguments that the first principal component represents the Baldwin effect, relating equivalent widths to the luminosity (i.e. accretion rate). The second component represents continuum variations, probably dominated by intrinsic reddening. The third principal component is directly related to broad emission-line width and X-ray spectral index, and therefore probably driven by Eddington accretion ratio, L/LEdd. The third set of relationships tie directly to the optical Principal Component 1 found by Boroson and Green [Boroson, T., Green, R.F., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 80, 109, 1992 (BG92)], and are the primary cause of scatter in the Baldwin relationships.
Vulnerability of early life intervals of Coregonus hoyi to predation by a freshwater mysid, Mysis relicta

The bloater, Coregonus hoyi, deposits its eggs on deep sediments (70–100 m in Lake Michigan), where its eggs and embryos can be exposed to epibenthic predators. We investigated the vulnerability of early life intervals of bloaters to predation by mysids, Mysis relicta, which are mostly epibenthic by day and planktonic at night. Bloaters were raised from spawn in the laboratory and presented to field-collected mysids in laboratory predation trials. Eggs were not ingested by the mysids. Embryonic bloaters were vulnerable to predation by mysids only during the interval between hatching and swim up, usually 1–24 h under laboratory conditions. The mysids required about a day of exposure to this novel prey before they were able to kill significant numbers of the bloater embryos by making successive attacks with their thoracic legs. In experiments with experienced (2 and 3 days with bloater embryos) mysids, a functional response between embryo density and mysid predation rates was apparent. Temperature and the presence of alternative prey (zooplankton) did not alter the ‘kill rate’ (about 2.5 embryos mysid-1d-1) of experienced mysids at high bloater densities (>4 bloaters/mysid). However, more embryos were partially, rather than completely, ingested at 4 versus 9° C and in the presence of zooplankton.
Hydrothermal flames: From phenomenological experimental demonstrations to quantitative understanding

Abstract Investigations of hydrothermal flames were reviewed with three primary objectives: (1) to classify and describe experiments performed to date, (2) to assess the state of the art of experimental instruments and measurement techniques, and (3) to characterize current understanding and outline future research needs of hydrothermal flame processes. For this review, hydrothermal flames are defined as rapid oxidation reactions occurring in a supercritical aqueous environment at sufficient temperature (∼1000 °C and higher) and rate to produce a luminous flame. Under these conditions, chemical kinetics are very fast, with reactions going to completion within 10–100 ms. Hydrothermal flame experiments were divided into two categories: laminar inverse diffusion flames in semi-batch reactor systems and turbulent diffusion flames in continuous reactor systems. Laminar diffusion flame studies have demonstrated the range of temperatures, pressures, and fuel and oxidant types and concentrations from which hydrothermal flames can be produced, while turbulent diffusion flame studies have focused on the application of hydrothermal flames to the remediation of aqueous waste streams. Experimental apparatuses, instrumentation, and techniques used in hydrothermal flame investigations are presented in some detail. Models developed to describe hydrothermal flame processes, especially flow fields in turbulent diffusion flame studies, are presented as well.
Culture and the Ethnographic Interview in Foreign Language Teacher Development

ABSTRACT In order to design and implement foreign language instruction that integrates culture with language, teachers must first have a deep understanding of the target culture and an awareness of their own culturally conditioned and individually formed beliefs, attitudes, and values. This article presents the ethnographic interview as a strategy in foreign language teacher development. Excerpts from preservice teachers' reports on an ethnographic interview assignment provide evidence that the process of conducting the interview facilitates the development of the requisite understanding and awareness.
Adaptation of combined interferometric and phaseplate gradient optics to electrophoresis.

Abstract For use in electrophoresis, a combination of an altered Rayleigh interferometer and a modified Thouvert optical system which uses Wolter's phasephate is described. The combination yields curves simultaneously which show the refractive indices, and the refractive index gradients existing within the electrophoresis cell as well as a true baseline upon which measurements may be based. This type of pattern facilitates the exact location of boundaries and the measurement of their magnitude. The latter measurement may be made by either counting the fringes or determining their displacement in a boundary.
Primary Care Careers Among Recent Graduates of Research-Intensive Private and Public Medical Schools

BACKGROUND Despite a growing need for primary care physicians in the United States, the proportion of medical school graduates pursuing primary care careers has declined over the past decade.
A case for conflict across multiple domains: Memory and language impairments following damage to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Patients with focal lesions to the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG; BA 44/45) exhibit difficulty with language production and comprehension tasks, although the nature of their impairments has been somewhat difficult to characterize. No reported cases suggest that these patients are Broca's aphasics in the classic agrammatic sense. Recent case studies, however, do reveal a consistent pattern of deficit regarding their general cognitive processes: they are reliably impaired on tasks in which conflicting representations must be resolved by implementing top-down cognitive control (e.g., Stroop; memory tasks involving proactive interference). In the present study, we ask whether the language production and comprehension impairments displayed by a patient with circumscribed LIFG damage can best be understood within a general conflict resolution deficit account. We focus on one patient in particular--patient I.G.--and discuss the implications for language processing abilities as a consequence of a general cognitive control disorder. We compared I.G. and other frontal patients to age-matched control participants across four experiments. Experiment 1 tested participants' general conflict resolution abilities within a modified working memory paradigm in an attempt to replicate prior case study findings. We then tested language production abilities on tasks of picture naming (Experiment 2) and verbal fluency (Experiment 3), tasks that generated conflict at the semantic and/or conceptual levels. Experiment 4 tested participants' sentence processing and comprehension abilities using both online (eye movement) and offline measures. In this task, participants carried out spoken instructions containing a syntactic ambiguity, in which early interpretation commitments had to be overridden in order to recover an alternative, intended analysis of sentence meaning. Comparisons of I.G.'s performance with frontal and healthy control participants supported the following claim: I.G. suffers from a general conflict resolution impairment, which affects his ability to produce and comprehend language under specific conditions--namely, when semantic, conceptual, and/or syntactic representations compete and must be resolved.
A modified 3-layer perceptron for control of robot manipulators

A modified three-layer-perceptron neural network model is developed for mapping and classification of spatiotemporal patterns. First a formal definition of an intelligent system and intelligent control scheme for robot control is presented, and the neural network approach is reviewed. Most of the neural networks to date have been very successful in pattern classification for static problems. However, the class of network developed is for control problems. Two simple simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed network as a temporal associative network. >
H3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin influenza virus constructs protect mice from H7N9 challenge

The recent outbreak of H7N9 influenza virus infections in humans in China has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of this strain. Here, we test the efficacy of H3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin universal influenza virus vaccine constructs to protect against H7N9 challenge in mice. Chimeric hemagglutinin constructs protected from viral challenge in the context of different administration routes as well as with a generic oil-in-water adjuvant similar to formulations licensed for use in humans.
Concurrent Visualization in a Production Supercomputing Environment

We describe a concurrent visualization pipeline designed for operation in a production supercomputing environment. The facility was initially developed on the NASA Ames "Columbia" supercomputer for a massively parallel forecast model (GEOS4). During the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, GEOS4 was run 4 times a day under tight time constraints so that its output could be included in an ensemble prediction that was made available to forecasters at the National Hurricane Center. Given this time-critical context, we designed a configurable concurrent pipeline to visualize multiple global fields without significantly affecting the runtime model performance or reliability. We use MPEG compression of the accruing images to facilitate live low-bandwidth distribution of multiple visualization streams to remote sites. We also describe the use of our concurrent visualization framework with a global ocean circulation model, which provides a 864-fold increase in the temporal resolution of practically achievable animations. In both the atmospheric and oceanic circulation models, the application scientists gained new insights into their model dynamics, due to the high temporal resolution animations attainable
Radar images of rough surface scattering: comparison of numerical and analytical models

Rough surface scattering theories are investigated through analysis of radar images. Backscatter results from 10 GHz to 14 GHz under tapered wave illumination are considered for one-dimension (1D) random rough surface realizations which satisfy an impedance boundary condition. Back-projection tomography is applied to form two-dimensional (2D) synthetic aperture radar images from deterministic surface scattered field data at multiple incidence angles and frequencies. Numerical predictions of surface backscattered fields are obtained from an accelerated forward-backward (FB) method and the resulting images are compared with those obtained from approximate scattering theories such as the physical optics (PO) approximation, the small slope approximation (SSA), and the nonlocal SSA (NLSSA). The resulting radar images illustrate scattering sources associated with single and multiple scattering on the boundary, and a ray tracing analysis confirms the locations of time-delayed image points due to double reflections. For single scattering effects, the images demonstrate excellent agreement between analytical and numerical methods in both horizontal and vertical polarizations. For surfaces with RMS height 2.0 cm and correlation length 7.5 cm at normal incidence, multiple-scattering effects are observed and successfully captured when the lowest-order NLSSA is employed.
Strategies for selecting measures for pediatric and maternal child research.

Mandates from the clinical, academic, policy, and ethical arenas concerning evidence-based practice are both welcome and formidable. Although nursing science and the preparation of clinical scientists has improved over the past decades, answering complex clinical questions remains challenging. One common scenario is that we find a research question that is both compelling and pertinent to our practice, and we find a willing population of potential participants to study. Yet designing a research plan that includes valid and reliable measures can be a challenge. We offer a case study from our own research to illustrate the process of selecting measures for clinical research with pediatric and maternal–child populations. We also discern the steps in the process and the criteria to use when selecting measures.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in ADHD as Assessed by Behavior Ratings

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder. Research suggests that ADHD is 4 to 9 times more frequent in males than females, and the possibility of underidentification in females and overidentification in males has been suggested as an explanation for these statistics. As part of the diagnostic process, teachers are frequently asked to complete behavior rating scales. There is a lack of empirical data concerning the extent to which gender differences are evident on such rating scales. This study investigated the use of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale--School Version, with male and female students from ages 5 to 18 years. Results suggest that the ADHD construct is consistent across gender; however, there are differences across gender and ethnicity. For Caucasian children, externalizing behaviors are most salient in terms of discriminating between males and females. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Effect of Continuous Improvement Training on Student Interaction and Engagement.

This article describes a preliminary study investigating whether a specific awareness and training for six teacher-paraprofessional teams would have an effect on the inclusion of six students with ...
Characterization of universal small-subunit rRNA hybridization probes for quantitative molecular microbial ecology studies

Universal oligonucleotide hybridization probes targeting the small-subunit rRNA are commonly used to quantify total microbial representation in environmental samples. Universal probes also serve to normalize results obtained with probes targeting specific phylogenetic groups of microorganisms. In this study, six universal probes were evaluated for stability of probe-target duplexes by using rRNA from nine organisms representing the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Domain-specific variations in dissociation temperatures were observed for all probes. This could lead to a significant bias when these probes are used to quantify microbial populations in environmental samples. We suggest lowering the posthybridization wash stringency for two of the universal probes (S-*-Univ-1390-a-A-18 and S-*-Univ-1392-a-A-15) examined. These two probes were evaluated with traditional and modified hybridization conditions to characterize defined mixtures of rRNAs extracted from pure cultures and rRNA samples obtained from anaerobic digester samples. Probe S-*-Univ-1390-a-A-18 provided excellent estimations of domain-level community composition of these samples and is recommended for future use in microbial ecology studies.
Human Resistin Gene: Molecular Scanning and Evaluation of Association with Insulin Sensitivity and Type 2 Diabetes in Caucasians

Insulin resistance is strongly associated with obesity, but even among obese subjects insulin sensitivity varies widely. Recently, a new adipocyte hormone, resistin, was identified, shown to reduce insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and shown to be increased in obese mice. We used the chromosome 19 draft sequence to determine the genomic structure of human resistin and to screen the exons, introns, and flanking sequences for variation. We screened 44 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 20 nondiabetic family members who were at the extremes of insulin sensitivity. We identified eight noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one GAT microsatellite repeat. Three SNPs, which were in incomplete linkage disequilibrium with each other and had allelic frequencies exceeding 5%, were selected for further study. No SNP was associated with type 2 diabetes, but the SNP in the promoter region was a significant determinant of insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.04) among nondiabetic family members who had undergone iv glucose tolerance tests. The three common SNPs showed statistical significance as determinants of insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.01) in interaction with body mass index. Noncoding SNPs in the resistin gene may influence insulin sensitivity in interaction with obesity, but this finding will need to be confirmed in other populations.
Cardiovascular effects of rectal methohexital in children.

Abstract Study Objective: To define the cardiovascular effects of rectal methohexital in children with normal cardiac function. Design: Cardiovascular evaluation of each patient was performed before and after medication. Each patient's predrug results were used as control measurements for comparison with measurements made after methohexital administration. Setting: Inpatient operating room induction area in a privately endowed philanthropic children's hospital. Patients: Forty-seven children age 35 ± 22 months (mean ± SD) scheduled for elective orthopedic or plastic surgery, free of cardiac or pulmonary disease, and receiving no medication with central nervous system activity. Interventions: Control measurements of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and echocardiographic evaluations were obtained on the day before scheduled surgery. Repeat measurements were performed after the onset of methohexital-induced sleep. The time span of the measurements was designed to include the period of peak plasma methohexital concentration. In the preoperative holding area, 30 mglkg of a 10% methohexital solution was administered rectally. If sleep did not occur in 15 minutes, an additional 15 mglkg was given. Measurements and Main Results: HR increased markedly after rectal methohexital [126 ± 23 beats per minute (bpm) to 144 ± 21 bpm, p Conclusions: Rectal methohexital induces sleep in healthy pediatric patients with minimal cardiovascular side effects. The primary effects are increased HR and decreased SV.
Human biliverdin reductase is a leucine zipper-like DNA-binding protein and functions in transcriptional activation of heme oxygenase-1 by oxidative stress.

Abstract Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a serine/threonine kinase that catalyzes reduction of the heme oxygenase (HO) activity product, biliverdin, to bilirubin. A domain of biliverdin reductase (BVR) has primary structural features that resemble leucine zipper proteins. A heptad repeat of five leucines (L1–L5), a basic domain, and a conserved alanine characterize the domain. In hBVR, a lysine replaces L3. The secondary structure model of hBVR predicts an α-helix-turn-β-sheet for this domain. hBVR translated by the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system appears on a nondenaturing gel as a single band with molecular mass of ∼69 kDa. The protein on a denaturing gel separates into two anti-hBVR immunoreactive proteins of ∼39.9 + 34.6 kDa. The dimeric form, but not purified hBVR, binds to a 100-mer DNA fragment corresponding to the mouse HO-1 (hsp32) promoter region encompassing two activator protein (AP-1) sites. The specificity of DNA binding is suggested by the following: (a) hBVR does not bind to the same DNA fragment with one or zero AP-1 sites; (b) a 56-bp random DNA with one AP-1 site does not form a complex with hBVR; (c) in vitro translated HO-1 does not interact with the 100-mer DNA fragment with two AP-1 sites; (d) mutation of Lys143, Leu150, or Leu157 blocks both the formation of the ∼69-kDa specimens and hBVR DNA complex formation; and (e) purified preparations of hBVR or hHO-1 do not bind to DNA with two AP-1 sites. The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion ( ) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. We propose a role for BVR in the signaling cascade for AP-1 complex activation necessary for HO-1 oxidative stress response.
Scalable verification of MPI programs

Large message passing programs today are being deployed on clusters with hundreds, if not thousands of processors. Any programming bugs that happen will be very hard to debug and greatly affect productivity. Although there have been many tools aiming at helping developers debug MPI programs, many of them fail to catch bugs that are caused by non-determinism in MPI codes. In this work, we propose a distributed, scalable framework that can explore all relevant schedules of MPI programs to check for deadlocks, resource leaks, local assertion errors, and other common MPI bugs.
Suicidality and Epilepsy: A Complex Relationship That Remains Misunderstood and Underestimated

Suicidality in people with epilepsy is significantly more frequent than in the general population. The relation between suicidality and epilepsy is multifactorial and bidirectional. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important psychiatric, pharmacologic, and epilepsy-related variables linked to the increased suicidal risk among these patients.
Predictors of the distribution and abundance of a tube sponge and its resident goby

Microhabitat specialists offer tractable systems for studying the role of habitat in determining species' distribution and abundance patterns. While factors under- lying the distribution patterns of these specialists have been studied for decades, few papers have considered factors influencing both the microhabitat and the inhabitant. On the Belizean barrier reef, the obligate sponge-dwelling goby Elacatinus lori inhabits the yellow tube sponge Aplysina fistularis. We used field data and multivariate analyses to simultaneously consider factors influencing sponge and goby distributions. Sponges were non-ran- domly distributed across the reef with density peaking at a depth of 10-20 m. Sponge morphology also varied with depth: sponges tended to be larger and have fewer tubes with increasing depth. Knowing these patterns of sponge distribution and morphology, we considered how they influenced the distribution of two categories of gobies: residents (C18 mm SL) and settlers (\18 mm SL). Maxi- mum tube length, number of sponge tubes, and depth were significant predictors of resident distribution. Residents were most abundant in large sponges with multiple tubes, and were virtually absent from sponges shallower than 10 m. Similarly, maximum tube length and number of sponge tubes were significant predictors of settler distri- bution, with settlers most abundant in large sponges with multiple tubes. The presence or absence of residents in a sponge was not a significant predictor of settler distribu- tion. These results provide us with a clear understanding of where sponges and gobies are found on the reef and support the hypothesis that microhabitat characteristics are good predictors of fish abundance for species that are tightly linked to microhabitat.
Results of the 1983 patterns of care process survey for definitive breast irradiation

This report has documented the U.S.A. national averages for the results of the Process Survey for the 1983 Patterns of Care Study (PCS) for the processes of evaluation, work-up, and treatment for definitive breast irradiation. All women had been treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer. The data were collected from 191 patient charts which were randomly selected from five strata of radiotherapy practice to represent the U.S.A. national averages. Clinical and pathological characteristics of the primary tumor and regional lymph node status were similar to reported series as of 1983. Analysis of this Process Survey showed high compliance with the 1983 PCS standards of best current management of breast cancer. However, there was a wide variation in the technical delivery of the radiation fields and radiation doses used. There was good compliance with the use of documentation of the radiation treatments with simulation films, port films, implant films, and field descriptions. No systematic difference was seen amongst the various strata of radiotherapy practice. Although compliance with the majority of the parameters was relatively high, the small but important areas of lack of compliance with the standards of best current management document an incomplete transfer of technology to the radiation oncology community as a whole in 1983. Separate analysis for the outcome of treatment for these cases will be necessary to correlate process with outcome.
Low-Loss 5.15&#8211;5.70-GHz RF MEMS Switchable Filter for Wireless LAN Applications

Low-loss 3.6-GHz fixed and 5.15-5.70-GHz RF microelectromechanical systems switchable filters were designed and fabricated on quartz substrates. Detailed design equations for the capacitively loaded coupled open-loop lambda/2 resonators are given and the realization of the tunable filter using these equations is discussed. The use of capacitively loaded coupled open-loop lambda/2 resonators made it possible to realize the fixed and switchable filters with unloaded Q of around 150 resulting in a -1.4-dB insertion loss. The measured -1-dB bandwidth for the 3.6-GHz fixed and 5.15-5.70-GHz switchable filters were 4% and 5%, respectively. To our knowledge, this represents the lowest loss planar tunable filter to-date in the 4-6-GHz frequency range
Kripke and the Mind-Body Problem

Summary Mind-body identity theories are standardly supposed to be logically contingent. Kripke defends a quasi-Cartesian property dualism by observing that bodies and minds or mental and neurophysiological events or event-types can always be assigned distinct rigid designators. The concept of rigid designation implies that possibly nonidentical rigidly designated bodies and minds are necessarily and therefore actually nonidentical. But Kripke's argument does not refute materialist reductions that affirm the actual identity of minds and bodies while admitting only the possible nonidentity of ncwigidly designated mental and material entities. This limits the adequate expression of contingent materialist theories, but does not defeat materialism per se. The mind-body problem like other genuine ontological issues resists stipulative semantic-philosophical resolution. Resume Dans le probleme corps-esprit, les theories identitaires sont supposeees etre logiquement contingentes. Kripke defend un dualisme quasiment cartesien des proprietes en observant qu'aux corps et aux esprits (ou aux evenements ou types ?evenements mentaux et neurophysiologiques) peuvent toujours etre associes des designateurs rigides distincts. Le concept meme de designation rigide implique que des corps et des esprits qui peuvent ne pas etre identiquement rigidement designes sont pour cette raison necessairement non identiques. Mais ľ argument de Kripke ne refute pas les reductions materialistes qui affirment ľ identite effective du corps et de ľ esprit tout en admettant la non-identite possible ? entitfe mentales et materielles non rigidement designees. Ceci limite ľ expression adequate de theories materialistes contingentes, mais ne refute pas le materialisme en soi. Comme ? autres points veritablement ontologiques, le probleme corps-esprit n'admet pas de solution reposant sur une stipulation semantico-philosophique. Zusammenfassung Theorien der Geist-Korper ldentitat werden ublicherweise fur logisch kontingent ausgege-ben. Kripke vertritt einen quasi-Cartesianischen Eigenschaftsdualismus, indem er dafur halt, dass Korpern und Seelen oder mentalen und neurophysiologischen Ereignissen oder Ereignistypen immer verschiedene starre Designatoren zugeordnet werden konnen. Der Begriff der starren Designation impliziert, dass moglicherweise nicht identische, starr bezeichnete Korper und Seelen notwendigerweise und deshalb tatsachlich nicht identisch sind. Kripkes Argument widerlegt jedoch nicht materialistische Reduktionen, die die tatsachliche Identitat von Korpern und Seelen behaupten, wahrend sie nur die mogliche Nichtidentitat von nicht starr bezeichneten, mentalen und materialen Entitaten zulassen. Dies schrankt die adaquate Formulierung von Kontingenten materialistischen Theorien ein, zerstort aber nicht den Materialismus als solchen. Das Geist-Kor-perproblem – wie andere echt ontologischen Fragen – widersetzt sich einer Losung durch semantisch-philosophische Stipulation.
Research on the Conceptual Design of Fleet FSO Tactics Communication System under the Influence of Atmospheric Turbulence in Marine Surface Layer

the tactics communication system using FSO technology is one of the potential applications in fleet. The influence of atmospheric turbulence in marine surface layer to FSO communication is analyzed using the theory of light propagation in the atmosphere based on the Rytov approximation under the suitable assumptions of isotropic kolmogorov spectrum of turbulence, and the BER of FSO communication system and atmospheric turbulence are combined in terms of signal detect theory. Finally the conceptual design of shipboard FSO tactics communication system is presented and the limitation in application for the effect of atmospheric turbulence in marine surface layer is also brought forward.
The p53-dependent G1 Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathway and Ataxia-Telangiectasia

The p53 protein is a critical participant in a signal transduction pathway which mediates a G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in mammalian cells after ionizing irradiation. Cells from patients with the cancer-prone, radiation-sensitive disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), exhibit suboptimal (delayed and/or defective) induction of p53 protein after ionizing radiation with some dependence on dose. Other protein products which participate in this signal transduction pathway, including p21WAF1/CIP1, Gadd45, and Mdm2, are also suboptimally induced in AT cells after ionizing radiation. Induction of p53 is also abnormal in AT cells following treatment with methylmethanesulfonate and bleomycin but appears relatively normal following treatment with UV-C irradiation or the topoisomerase inhibitors, etoposide and camptothecin. These results demonstrate a specific defect in this p53-dependent signal transduction pathway in AT cells. Potential models for this observed specificity of the AT defect as measured by p53 induction include problems with responses to: (a) single-strand, but not double-strand, DNA breaks; or (b) chemically, but not enzymatically, generated DNA ends.
Training in context: Toward a person-by-situation view of voluntary training

The purpose of this field study of 327 nonfaculty university professionals was to examine the joint relationship of conscientiousness and context on two dependent variables: motivation and participation in voluntary training systems. Drawing on the principles of person-by-situation theories of personality, this study examined how the relationship between conscientiousness and training is moderated by social cues and managerial status. The findings from a field study indicated that the relationship between conscientiousness and motivation to learn was moderated by the favorableness of social cues from coworkers and supervisors. Results also indicated the relationship between conscientiousness and training participation was moderated by managerial status. The findings bolster research on the importance of situational factors on the decision to participate in voluntary training.
The relation of the condylar path to the articular eminence in mandibular protrusion.

Abstract No Abstract Available. Taken in part from a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry.
Context-aware control of smart objects via human-machine communication

Brain-machine interface (BMI) is a promising technology that can provide accessibility to sensors and actuators using limited physical interaction. This technology can benefit millions of people with physical disabilities, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and limb problems. However, its practical application depends critically on the accuracy of interpreting the commands received through BMI. This paper presents two techniques that exploit contextual awareness to improve the accuracy of communication using BMIs. We first present a technique that reduces the false interpretation probability significantly by analyzing the current system state. Then, we quantify the benefits of automating actions with the help of previously learned patterns. Experimental evaluations using a commercial BMI headset and a virtual reality environment show 2.6× decrease in the completion time of a navigation task.
The Shift from Adequacy to Equity in Federal Education Policymaking: A Proposal for How ESEA Could Reshape the State Role in Education Finance

ESEA's original intent was to provide educational assistance to less privileged students. However, ESEA's supplemental funding for students and teachers has often been inadequate in addressing pervasive and systematic disparities in fiscal resources. These disparities exist between states, within states, and within school districts. In the spirit of the original legislation, this article proposes addressing educational fiscal inequities via a new program within ESEA that would reward states for reforming their education finance systems to address inequities between and within states, and within districts. The program would effectively steer federal resources to encourage thoughtful work to reform and recalibrate state- and district-level finance mechanisms. It would be designed as a competitive grant program built upon the framework of Race to the Top. This article articulates a rationale for the program, especially the need for a renewed federal focus on opportunity-to-learn, reviews relevant research, o...
Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome : value of colonic color Doppler sonography

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 presents with a gastrointestinal prodrome. During this prodrome the disease may be difficult to differentiate from acute colitis and other hemorrhagic gastrointestinal diseases. We have found that color Doppler sonography in patients with E. coli-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome of the colon demonstrates a strikingly avascular, thick-walled colon. In the correct clinical setting, this finding should allow a diagnosis during the prodromal phase.