cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Catalytic Mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase Studied by 18O Exchange

Measurement by mass spectrometry of the exchange of 18O between CO2 and H2O at chemical equilibrium has yielded the rates of two steps in the hydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase II. First, the rate of interconversion of CO2 and \(HCO_3^ - \), R1, occurs without rate-limiting proton transfer. Second, the rate of release from the enzyme of water bearing substrate oxygen RH20 occurs with rate-limiting proton transfer. The effects of three types of inhibitors on these rates is reported. Anions inhibit R1 and RH20 with the same inhibition constant by binding to the enzyme’s active site. Cu2+ and Hg2+ inhibit RH20 with KI near 1 x 10−7 M apparently by blocking the proton transfer step; these metal ions have negligible effects on R1. Phenol inhibits R1 with KI of 16 mM at pH 7.4 and enhances RH20, probably by binding to 18O-labeled enzyme.
Shell structure of collective states in Fe 56 , Fe 58 , and Fe 60

Conventional shell-model calculations of the iron isotopes with $A=56\ensuremath{-}60$ are discussed. The calculated level spectra are in good agreement with experiment. The calculations of $E2$ observables are in reasonable agreement with experiment when added effective charges of $1.0e$ are used for both neutrons and protons. The neutron effective charge is significantly different from one appropriate ($1.9e$) for $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$. There is a strong state dependence in the effective $M1$ operator, and calculations of $M1$ observables are in general disagreement with experiment. An analysis of the structure of ground-state bands and yrast levels is made in terms of a simple rotational model. In all even isotopes, the intrinsic quadrupole moments in the ground-state "band" shrink dramatically with increasing $J$. There is evidence of a band crossing in all three even isotopes, but no evidence is found for an abrupt shape change in the ground-state bands of these nuclei. It is concluded that no simple rotational model gives a good description of the low-lying states of the iron isotopes.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{59}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$, calculated levels. $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$, calculated $B(M1)$, $B(E2)$, $\ensuremath{\mu}$, branching ratios. Shell model, Vervier interaction, Horie-Ogawa interaction, effective operators. Comparison with experiment and rotational model.
Occupational exposures to new dry cleaning solvents: High-flashpoint hydrocarbons and butylal

ABSTRACTThe dry cleaning industry is moving away from using perchloroethylene. Occupational exposures to two alternative dry cleaning solvents, butylal and high-flashpoint hydrocarbons, have not been well characterized. We evaluated four dry cleaning shops that used these alternative solvents. The shops were staffed by Korean- and Cantonese-speaking owners, and Korean-, Cantonese-, and Spanish-speaking employees. Because most workers had limited English proficiency we used language services in our evaluations. In two shops we collected personal and area air samples for butylal. We also collected air samples for formaldehyde and butanol, potential hydrolysis products of butylal. Because there are no occupational exposure limits for butylal, we assessed employee health risks using control banding tools. In the remaining two shops we collected personal and area air samples for high-flashpoint hydrocarbon solvents.In all shops the highest personal airborne exposures occurred when workers loaded and unloaded t...
Mentality Analysis of The Clients with Self-suspected HIV Infection in VCT

[Objective] To understand the different mentality of clients with self-suspected HIV infection in VCT, look for the best way to carry out VCT services, and provide a strong platform to break the vicious cycle of AIDS epidemic caused by fear and discrimination. [Methods]A retrospective analysis was conducted on the cause, association, and formation of subconscious or unconscious issues provided by 782 clients with self-suspected HIV infection. [Results]The character of the people determined on the body feeling extent of psychological stimulating. Most people had the psychological and behavioral abnormalities against AIDS in different levels. [Conclusion]People have 2 basic needs of love and being loved. If they are not satisfied, negative emotional responses such as anxiety, resentment, giving up on themselves as well as escapism and irresponsible desire may generate. The goal of VCT services is to reduce the intent of irresponsible and self-destruction in clients.
Ion chromatography for simultaneous determination of oxalate and citric acid residues in urine and plasm

Objective:To apply an ICS method to simultaneously determine of oxalate and citric acid residues in urine and plasm.Methods:The method was based on ICS separation under the condition of isocratic eluent with 0～50 mmol/L KOH and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min by using of the IonPAC AS18 analytical column and suppressed conductivity detector.Results:It was showed that this method has good relativity(r0.9994) and good analytic precision(RSD%5.0).The samples′average recoveries rates were 87.8%～101% and the detection limit 0.008～0.012 μg/ml.Conclusion:Its advantages are simple operation,quickness,high sensitivity and precise results.This method can be applied widely and suitable for trace analysis of water samples.
A Framework for Unique Ring Signatures.

We propose a simple, general, and unified framework for constructing unique ring signatures that simplify and capture the spirit of linkable ring signatures. The framework, which can be efficiently instantiated in the random oracle and the standard model, is obtained by generalizing the Bellare-Goldwasser “PRF made public” paradigm. Security of the first instantiation can be tightly related to the DDH problem. The scheme leads to the most efficient linkable/unique ring signature in the random oracle model, for a given level of provable security. The second one based on stronger assumptions partly simplifies and slightly improves sublinear size traceable ring signature of Fujisaki. Both of the improvements would be difficult without the general framework in hand.
Functional Tissue Engineering of Ligament and Tendon Injuries

This chapter reviews the properties of normal and healing ligaments and tendons and discusses the current functional tissue engineering (FTE) methods, which include the use of growth factors, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, and the use of scaffolding as well as external mechanical stimuli, aimed at enhancing tendon and ligament healing. The major function of ligaments and tendons include maintaining the proper anatomical alignment of the skeleton and guiding joint motions. They accomplish this by transmitting forces along their longitudinal axis but their biomechanical properties are measured in uniaxial tension. They demonstrate nonlinear behavior, which is governed by the recruitment of collagen. This allows ligaments to maintain normal joint laxity in response to low loads and also to stiffen dramatically in response to high loads, preventing excessive joint displacements. The events of healing of ligaments and tendons are divided into four overlapping phases: hemorrhage, inflammation, repair (proliferation), and remodeling. Following injury, the hemorrhagic and inflammatory phases occur over the first several days. Minutes after the ligament injury, blood collects and forms a platelet-rich fibrin clot at the injury site. The hemorrhage phase of the injury forms a lattice for many following cellular events. FTE has generated many significant developments; for example, there is a class of biodegradable metallic scaffolds, namely porous magnesium or magnesium oxide, that have the advantage of initial stiffness to provide the needed stability for the ligament to heal while performing its function. The degradation rate of these “smart” scaffolds could also be controlled as they are replaced by the neotissue.
Negative affect as a moderator of the relationship between hookup motives and hookup consequences

ABSTRACTObjective: The current study examined the extent to which negative affect moderates the relationships between distinct hookup motives and hookup consequences. Participants: Data were collected from 271 heavy-drinking undergraduate college students. Methods: Students from 3 US universities completed online surveys assessing hooking up–related motives, behaviors, and consequences. Results: The results showed that conformity motives to hookup and negative affect predicted hookup consequences. Furthermore, negative affect moderated the relationship between hooking up for relationship reasons and hookup consequences. Specifically, among students with high negative affect, hooking up to secure a long-term relationship was positively associated with hookup consequences whereas among students with low negative affect, securing a long-term relationship was negatively associated with hookup consequences. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role that motives and negative affect play in the prediction o...
Iron‐Promotion of Silica‐Supported Copper Catalysts for Furfural Hydrodeoxygenation

The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of furfural is an important reaction for the production of biofuels because its product, 2-methylfuran, has excellent fuel properties: it can be added easily to the existing gasoline pool and it is renewable and, therefore, carbon neutral. The reaction network of hydrodeoxygenation is a two-step reaction from furfural to furfuryl alcohol and then to 2-methylfuran. Silica-supported Cu is a mild hydrogenation catalyst that is selective for the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. We have found that Fe-containing Cu-based catalysts show much higher reactivity and very high selectivity towards 2-methylfuran (85 %+). It is of interest to understand the structural and chemical effects of the Fe promotion (0.15 % w/w) over the Cu catalyst (1 % Cu w/w) and characterize the species responsible for the high hydrogenation performance. Our investigations indicate that after the catalyst is pretreated in hydrogen, Cu is reduced fully, whereas Fe is only reduced partially (a mixture of FeIII and FeII is observed). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy suggests that FeII species are present on the catalyst surface, as indicated by the adsorption of NO.
Non-circular cone beam CT trajectories: A preliminary investigation on a clinical scanner

The use of cone beam CT (CBCT) image guidance in interventional and therapeutic procedures is becoming increasingly common. Clinical systems consist of a kV x-ray source mounted opposite a flat panel digital detector often on a C-arm system. The source and detector typically rotate in a circle about the patient. However data acquired in such a circular cone beam manner provides insufficient coverage of the object and thus the reconstructed image volume is degraded by artifacts. Several combinations of trajectories and exact analytical reconstruction algorithms have been proposed to overcome these artifacts, however to the knowledge of the authors few if any of these have been studied with data acquired from a real system, with the exception of the widely used standard helical trajectory. An apparatus for performing non-circular scans without altering a clinical scanner has been constructed and the accuracy of achieving a specified trajectory verified. A Defrise style disk phantom was fabricated to test the reduction of cone angle artifacts. Reconstruction results are shown.
Prospective evaluation of surgical palliative care immersion training for general surgery residents

Abstract Background Palliative care competencies in surgical training are recognized to improve the care of surgical patients with advanced or life-threatening illnesses. Formal programs to teach these competencies are lacking. The study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of a unique surgical palliative care immersion training program. Study design A half-day Surgical Palliative Care Immersion Training (SPCIT) was developed using the American College of Surgeon's manual titled “Surgical Palliative Care: A Resident's Guide” as a framework. The training format was modeled after the highly successful University of Arizona Center on Aging's Interprofessional Chief Resident Immersion Training (IP-CRIT) Program to teach palliative care competencies to general surgery residents. Objective and self-assessments were performed at baseline, immediately post training and 5-months after training. For all pre-test, post-test comparisons on Likert scale, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used. For aggregate scores a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. Results Forty of the forty-eight residents (83%) completed the learner's needs assessment survey. Thirty-four (71%) of the forty-eight residents in the residency program participated in the SPCIT. Significant improvement was noted in objective assessment of post-test aggregate scores (Mean difference 2.15, 95% CI 0.52–3.77, p = 0.0083). There was a significant increase in proportion of residents who felt confident in discussing palliative care options (96.5% vs. 27.5%, p Conclusion The newly developed SPCIT program drastically improves knowledge, attitudes and perceived skills of general surgery residents. Similar training can be implemented in other surgical residency programs.
Investigating the Stability of DNA Duplex Hairpins using Optical Tweezers

Covalent modifications and replication errors lead to DNA damage and mutation. Such errors occur frequently throughout the genome, disrupting the stability of the double helix. The 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesion, one of the most widespread forms of DNA damage, mimics guanine with respect to hydrogen bonding, but perturbs base stacking, destabilizing the double helix. Other common forms of damage include mismatches, such at G-T and C-T base pairs, that are unable to form canonical hydrogen bonds. We have investigated the destabilizing effects of three abnormal base pairs (8-oxoG-C, G-T, and C-T) on the thermodynamic stability of DNA hairpins at the single molecule level. Each damaged hairpin shows a distinct pattern of unfolding that allows us to quantify hairpin destabilization. These data are combined with an mFold-based analysis to create energy landscapes of the unfolding pathway for perfectly matched, damaged, and mismatched hairpin duplexes.
Stylistic change as a self-organized critical phenomenon: An archaeological study in complexity

Archaeologists can learn from models of evolution as a self-organized critical phenomenon. Self-organized critical systems are large, interactive systems that organize into a critical state where minor events can trigger chain reactions. Such systems demonstrate power-law distributions in the size of changes, or “avalanches,” that occur. The theory of self-organized criticality is important in that it implies that the evolution of complex systems may be driven more by interactions between agents than by external events or natural selection. Stylistic changes may be examples of avalanches of interconnected events. Evidence for self-organized criticality is shown for stylistic evolution in historical pottery styles from New York State and is used to evaluate the nature of a prehistoric pottery typology from the Southwest.
Preparing for the Future War: The Soviet Military and Industrial Buildup from 1924-1933

On January 21, 1924 V. I. Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik revolution and founder of the Soviet state, died of a cerebral hemorrhage. During the next three years Joseph Stalin consolidated his power over the Soviet state. In 1927 he began preparing the Soviet Union to wage an aggressive war aimed at the heart of Europe, in order to advance Marx's prophesied world proletarian revolution. To achieve this, Stalin's government began the buildup of a massive military industrial infrastructure capable of producing vast quantities of weapons, and other equipment which could support a modern army waging aggressive warfare. To prepare for the anticipated war in Europe, the U.S.S.R. embarked on a revolution in military strategic thought, rapid industrialization, extensive expansion of infrastructure, and widespread economic and industrial espionage. Due to the development of new military theories by Tukhachevsky, Triandafillov and Snitko, as well as its vast expansion of military industrial infrastructure, the Soviet Union was transformed from an agrarian nation incapable of fielding a modern army, into a powerful industrial state capable of waging aggressive warfare.
SKILLS™: The Online Autism Solution

The SKILLS curriculum is a web-based curriculum of (4k) targets for designing and managing applied behavior analysis-based treatment programs for children with autism and related disorders.
Can radiation therapy adequately address positive surgical margins in elderly women (≥70 years) with stage I ER+ breast cancer?

1045Background: Re-excision for positive margin(s) following a lumpectomy for breast cancer is generally recommended. Whether radiation therapy can adequately address positive margins and thereby p...
TnseqDiff: identification of conditionally essential genes in transposon sequencing studies

Tn-Seq is a high throughput technique for analysis of transposon mutant libraries to determine conditional essentiality of a gene under an experimental condition. A special feature of the Tn-seq data is that multiple mutants in a gene provides independent evidence to prioritize that gene as being essential. The existing methods do not account for this feature or rely on a high-density transposon library. Moreover, these methods are unable to accommodate complex designs. The method proposed here is specifically designed for the analysis of Tn-Seq data. It utilizes two steps to estimate the conditional essentiality for each gene in the genome. First, it collects evidence of conditional essentiality for each insertion by comparing read counts of that insertion between conditions. Second, it combines insertion-level evidence for the corresponding gene. It deals with data from both low- and high-density transposon libraries and accommodates complex designs. Moreover, it is very fast to implement. The performance of the proposed method was tested on simulated data and experimental Tn-Seq data from Serratia marcescens transposon mutant library used to identify genes that contribute to fitness in a murine model of infection. We describe a new, efficient method for identifying conditionally essential genes in Tn-Seq experiments with high detection sensitivity and specificity. It is implemented as TnseqDiff function in R package Tnseq and can be installed from the Comprehensive R Archive Network, CRAN.
Multi-frequency interpolation in spiral magnetic resonance fingerprinting for correction of off-resonance blurring

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) pulse sequences often employ spiral trajectories for data readout. Spiral k-space acquisitions are vulnerable to blurring in the spatial domain in the presence of static field off-resonance. This work describes a blurring correction algorithm for use in spiral MRF and demonstrates its effectiveness in phantom and in vivo experiments. Results show that image quality of T1 and T2 parametric maps is improved by application of this correction. This MRF correction has negligible effect on the concordance correlation coefficient and improves coefficient of variation in regions of off-resonance relative to uncorrected measurements.
Introduction to a Special Issue on Simulation Studies as a Means of Informing Psychoeducational Testing and Assessment

This introduction provides a brief overview of simulation studies and outlines the organization of this special issue. Simulation studies provide a valuable, albeit underutilized, means of informin...
Abuelos at home: Differential impact on children’s education by family structure

Abstract Improvements in life expectancy have increased interactions between grandchildren and grandparents. This paper examines how grandparent’s co-residence shapes grandchildren’s educational progression by grandchildren’s family structure. Based on a life course perspective approach, I use three waves of novel panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, and ask whether grandparent’s co-residence influence grandchildren’s educational transitions, depending upon grandchildren’s family structure, and whether grandparents’ education influence grandchildren’s educational transitions. This study suggests that grandparents’ co-residence does not have a linear effect on the process of educational attainment, given that its effect maybe positive, negative, of null depending on family structure and the specific roles grandparents assume. It also shows that in countries like Mexico, where the education of older cohorts is fairly low, grandparent’s education is not associated with grandchildren’s school progression.
Nanoscale chemical imaging by extreme ultraviolet laser ablation time of flight spectrometry

Elemental composition imaging in inorganic solids with a spatial resolution of 80 nm and actinide trace analysis by extreme ultraviolet laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry are demonstrated.
Alignment of ACS Inorganic Chemistry Examination Items to the Anchoring Concepts Content Map

The American Chemical Society-Examinations Institute (ACS-EI) released the first ACS Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry Examination in 2016 to better address the two generalized types of inorganic chemistry courses (i.e., at the foundation or second/third-year level and the in-depth or third/fourth-year level). The ACS Inorganic Chemistry Exam that has traditionally been offered addresses the content and skills most associated with a third/fourth-year level course. Topics selected for the foundations level exam were informed by a national survey of inorganic chemistry faculty; however, the topical framework for the survey study was notably different from the test architecture employed by ACS Exams (i.e., the Anchoring Concepts Content Map). We should note that when the foundations level exam was being developed, the Inorganic Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map was not completed; however, now that the ACCM framework has been finalized, there is an opportunity to consider how the foundations and in-de...
Retirement Planning Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics

The goal of this study is to deepen the understanding of how middle age and older Hispanics plan for retirement, where we conducted four focus groups in the Los Angeles area with a total of 38 participants. Our study provides interesting findings, specifically for women since 84 percent of the participants were female. We find that that most participants, whether they were already retired or not, are not well prepared for retirement since they have been unable to save for retirement and have not made specific retirement plans, such as determining desired retirement age, estimating retirement budget, and collecting information about expected retirement benefits. In relation to saving on a regular basis, results were mixed. Some participants are able to save on a regular basis, but others cannot save because they live day to day. Our study contributes to the literature by showing how family experiences and religion play a significant role in retirement planning among this population. We found that the majority of the participants had parents who did not plan for retirement, and very few had parents who were able to save. We also found that many participants do now worry about retirement because they believe “God will provide.” We also found an interesting shift in relation to intergenerational transfers and family networks. While many participants help their parents, most of them do not want to ask children for help and do not expect getting help from them.
Solar Cells and Electrodes

An important potential application of graphene is as a component of a solar cell. Highly conductive, transparent graphene can serve as one or both electrodes, one of which has to let light into the absorbing region of the device. The photovoltaic action of a solar cell occurs as photo-generated carriers, electrons and holes, are generated in (or flow into) a central region of strong electric field, that sends carriers of opposite charge in opposite directions. In the conventional silicon solar cell, the absorbing regions extend beyond the depletion region, containing the electric field, into the oppositely doped electrode regions, by diffusion lengths L on either side.
Mutagenic activities of aflatoxin B 1 and G 1 in Neurospora crassa.

The mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of aflatoxin B1 and G1 were studied with the adenine-3 (ad-3) test system of Neurospora crassa. Aflatoxin B1 and G1 failed to show mutagenicity in resting conidia, but both agents were mutagenic in growing vegetative cultures. The frequencies of ad-3 mutants induced by aflatoxin B1 and G1 (40μg/ml) were 70.7x10-6 survivors and 9.6x10-6 survivors, respectively. Since aflatoxin B1 gave a 177-fold increase over the spontaneous mutation frequency it is a rather potent mutagen, whereas aflatoxin G1 gave only a 24-fold increase and so is only moderately mutagenic.
What Investment Risk Means to You, Illustrated: Strategic Asset Allocation, the Budget Constraint, and the Volatility of Spending during Retirement

In our experience, many investment professionals don’t articulate risk well to clients. This research uniquely and graphically reveals the nature of strategic asset allocation investment risk not only for single-period investors, but also for multi-period investors such as those whose savings are held for retirement. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate and picture the nature of that multi-period consumption risk with spending rules that are subject to a budget constraint and those that aren’t (such as the 4% rule). Risk in a multi-period context means that realized spending may increase with greater SAA risk, but it may instead be worse.
Association Between Prediabetes/Diabetes and Asthma Exacerbations in a Claims-Based Obese Asthma Cohort

Background Metabolic dysfunction may contribute to worsened asthma in obesity. The relationship between prediabetes and diabetes, metabolic conditions more common in obesity, and asthma outcomes is not well characterized. Objective We sought to determine the association between prediabetes/diabetes and asthma exacerbations in an obese asthma cohort. Methods A retrospective cohort of US obese adults with asthma, aged 18-64, was created from a claims-based health services database spanning 2010 to 2015. Individuals with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement were identified, categorized as within normal ( Results A total of 5722 individuals were identified. Higher HgbA1c was associated with higher asthma exacerbation rates. In the fully adjusted model, compared with individuals with normal HbA1c, those in the prediabetes range had a 27% higher rate (95% confidence interval [CI], 5% to 52%), and those in the diabetes range had a 33% higher rate (95% CI, 2% to 73%). Conclusions Prediabetes and diabetes were associated with higher rates of asthma exacerbation among obese adults with asthma. Results support evidence that insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, metabolic features common in prediabetes/diabetes, can influence asthma morbidity.
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System with Unusual Imaging Characteristics (P1.346)

Objective: Case Presentation: Patient JH is a 64 year-old male who presented with fluctuating aphasia in the setting of several months of difficulty with gait and cognition. He previously could walk several miles daily but now can only walk across the room and has had multiple falls. The aphasia largely improved within several hours without intervention. Physical exam was significant for moderate to severe parkinsonism (bradykinesia, hypomimia, shuffling gait with en bloc turning), cognitive impairment (MOCA 22/30), and bilateral corticospinal tract signs. Diagnostics: Extensive serum laboratory testing was unrevealing. MRI brain demonstrated diffuse, linear T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal and enhancement along the white matter throughout perivascular spaces, bilateral cerebral hemispheres, as well as brainstem and cerebellum, without any areas of restricted diffusion. Lumbar puncture revealed normal white blood cell count and glucose with mildly elevated protein (73 mg/dL). Infectious studies, cytology, and flow cytometry were negative. Cerebral angiogram was unremarkable. PET-CT did not reveal occult malignancy. Brain biopsy was performed with pathology consistent with lymphocytic T cell predominant CNS vasculitis. Management and Outcome: JH received IV methylprednisolone (1 gram daily for five days) followed by an oral steroid taper and IV cyclophosphamide with plans for continued cyclophosphamide infusions as an outpatient. Following IV steroid treatment his MOCA improved from 22 to 29 and his gait showed marked improvement. Discussion: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare disease that may present with weeks to months of non-specific neurological symptoms. Imaging, serum and CSF laboratory analysis can be non-diagnostic. Brain biopsy is often necessary to differentiate from mimics like intravascular lymphoma. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial as untreated PACNS can cause permanent disability or death. This case is notable for the unusual MRI findings: diffuse, linear enhancement without areas of restricted diffusion. Background: NA Design/Methods: NA Results: NA Conclusions: NA Disclosure: Dr. Margolius has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yu has nothing to disclose. Dr Manno has nothing to disclose.
Ubiquitin and the DNA double-strand break repair pathway

The ubiquitin system plays a central role in diverse cellular processes including DNA damage response. As such, it is not surprising that its dysfunction contributes to various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. An understanding of the ubiquitin system is, therefore, important in devising treatments for such diseases. In this review, we discuss the central role of ubiquitin in DNA damage response, specifically DNA double-strand break repair. We focus on recent findings on the role of ubiquitin in the DNA double-strand break repair pathway, possible nodes of modulation, and finally their implications for treatment of various diseases.
Advance care planning among ethnic/racial minority older adults: Prevalence of and factors associated with informal talks, durable power of attorney for health care, and living will.

Objectives:: Given the ethnic/racial disparities in end-of-life care, this study aimed to describe and identify factors affecting engagement in three types of advance care planning including inform...
An Introduction to Legal Socialization

Rules are pervasive in human experience. They define much of our public life and reach extensively into our private relationships. The institutions within which we carry on our daily lives are both sources and enforcers of rules. Family, place of worship, school, workplace are all settings in which rules structure and compel the behavior of participants. But rules are not only pervasive; they are largely successful. Much of the time we obey them without thinking because we have learned to do so and our behavioral routines require it. It is seldom necessary to use force, although invoking authority is common. Distinctions are necessary in order to understand rule-governed behavior, however, because compliance does vary considerably across both individuals and situations. Some rules are self-imposed or voluntarily agreed to, whereas others are promulgated and enforced by governmental authority. And despite the efficacy of rules for most of us some individuals seem impervious to their power.
Method in Hegel’s Dialectic-Speculative Logic

This chapter addresses the specific novelty of Hegel’s dialectic-speculative logic in relation to traditional general logic and to Kant’s transcendental logic. As Hegel maintains, such novelty consists in the “scientific method” with which the logical categories and ontological forms of the tradition are taken up and conceived anew. At stake in the “method” is what Hegel calls Behandlung and Darstellung—the treatment and presentation—of logical determinations. This chapter addresses the issue of “method” in Hegel’s logic as that on which hinges the continuity as well as the discontinuity between the logical tradition and Hegel’s reworking of the discipline. It pursues this aim by first bringing to the fore the historical and systematic connection that links Hegel’s dialectic-speculative logic both to traditional formal or general logic and metaphysics and to Kant’s transcendental logic and critique of dogmatic metaphysics. It then turns to some passages in which Hegel thematically addresses the issue of method in his logic. This framework allows me to shed light on the longstanding question of the status of “dialectic” in Hegel’s philosophy: what is the connection between dialectic and method? In what sense is dialectic a method or even the method of (logical) thinking; and in what sense is it not? Both propositions, it is maintained, may actually be true provided that a fundamental clarification is offered of the new meaning that the “method” assumes in Hegel’s logic. Thus, reciprocally, one should also ask in what sense and to what extent the scientific method that Hegel thematizes and also uses in the logic is “dialectical” and in what sense it is (additionally) “speculative.” Indeed, in both regards, Hegel’s position can be usefully understood on the background of his appraisal of traditional formal logic and Kant’s transcendental logic.
The Enfranchised Jury

This is a Book Review of Sonali Chakravarti, Radical Enfranchisement in the Jury Room and in Public Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019). The author is a political theorist whose understanding of the American jury depends on a critical reception of Jurgen Habermas's discourse ethics and Tocqueville's traditionalist (and in her view, flawed) appreciation of the jury. She articulates a vision which places the jury outside of our usual understanding of the rule of law "as a law of rules." She ends with a number of specific suggested reforms, including the end of the Allen charge, an explicit instruction on nullification, and informing the jury of the sentencing consequences of a guilty verdict.
Study of EEG signals for Focus Detection for Cocktail Party Phenomenon using Multiple Sources of Sound

There are several scenarios where individuals must focus on one conversation while multiple conversations are happening around them. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the cocktail party phenomenon. People with impaired hearing lack this ability. The research centers around finding a solution for this problem to eventually develop a hearing aid better suited for better directional intelligibility. A g.Nautilus headset is used in this study to obtain EEG data. In this study, training data is extracted from a headset placed on a test subject's head and is analyzed using a machine learning algorithm. In this study, two experiments were conducted, and data was gathered from eight test subjects. Results show a significant change in terms of accuracy depending upon the environment. The data gathered presents the test subject's ability to listen to one auditory stimulus over the other when directed to do so.
Discovering Discriminative Geometric Features with Self-Supervised Attention for Vehicle Re-Identification and Beyond.

In the literature of vehicle re-identification (ReID), intensive manual labels such as landmarks, critical parts or semantic segmentation masks are often required to improve the performance. Such extra information helps to detect locally geometric features as a part of representation learning for vehicles. In contrast, in this paper, we aim to address the challenge of {\em automatically} learning to detect geometric features as landmarks {\em with no extra labels}. To the best of our knowledge, we are the {\em first} to successfully learn discriminative geometric features for vehicle ReID based on self-supervised attention. Specifically, we implement an end-to-end trainable deep network architecture consisting of three branches: (1) a global branch as backbone for image feature extraction, (2) an attentional branch for producing attention masks, and (3) a self-supervised branch for regularizing the attention learning with rotated images to locate geometric features. %Our network design naturally leads to an end-to-end multi-task joint optimization. We conduct comprehensive experiments on three benchmark datasets for vehicle ReID, \ie VeRi-776, CityFlow-ReID, and VehicleID, and demonstrate our state-of-the-art performance. %of our approach with the capability of capturing informative vehicle parts with no corresponding manual labels. We also show the good generalization of our approach in other ReID tasks such as person ReID and multi-target multi-camera (MTMC) vehicle tracking. {\em Our demo code is attached in the supplementary file.}
233 COVID-19 Related Worries and Sleep Disturbances in Patients Previously Hospitalized with COVID-19 Illness

Introduction: In patients hospitalized for COVID-19 illness, sleep disturbances after discharge may impact quality of life and prognosis. We examined the relationship of COVID-19-related worries with sleep disturbances in patients three months after COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 illness completed a survey three months post-discharge (n=153). We measured COVID- 19-related worry along two domains: worry directly related to the disease (COVID-illness worry) and worry related to the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic (COVID-impact worry). COVID-illness worry included worry regarding: 1) getting COVID again, 2) dying from COVID, 3) family members getting COVID, 4) losing a loved one to COVID, 5) unknowingly infecting others with COVID, 6) having significant financial burdens because of COVID. COVID-impact included worry regarding: 1) employment loss, 2) not having enough food, 3) not having access to medical care/medications, 4) not having access to mental health care/medications, 5) reduction in interactions with other people, 6) separation from family members, 7) being lonely. Patients rated how much they worried about each item on a 4-point scale (not at all, a little, moderately, extremely). Scores on each domain were summed to reflect overall severity. Past month sleep was assessed for insomnia symptoms (none, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) and self-reported sleep duration. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of COVID-illness worry and COVID-impact worry, separately, with sleep measures, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and presence of persistent COVID-related symptoms. Results: The prevalence of insomnia (moderate, severe, or very severe symptoms) and short sleep duration (<6 h/day) was 47.0% and 39.2%, respectively. COVID-illness worry severity was significantly associated with presence of insomnia (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.13-3.23, p=0.016) and short sleep (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.25-3.86, p=0.006). In a separate model, COVID-impact worry severity was significantly associated with presence of insomnia (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.23-3.19, p=0.005) and short sleep (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.26-3.55, p=0.005). Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are common among patients previously hospitalized with COVID-19 illness, and COVID-19 related worries are associated with insomnia and short sleep. Additional research is needed to determine whether addressing COVID-19 related worries reduces sleep disturbance, which in turn may promote post- COVID recovery.
Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nucleos(t)ide Analogs in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major global contributor to liver related morbidity and mortality. Currently available first line therapies offer all oral, highly effective, and safe treatment options for suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and reduce long-term CHB-related complications. This review summarizes some of the more recent real-world data on the safety and effectiveness of oral nucleos(t)ide analogs in the treatment of CHB. Current first line CHB oral treatment options include entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Recent real-world evidence continues to emphasize the highly effective nature of these therapies in suppressing HBV DNA and normalization of alanine aminotransferase. While all of these oral nucleos(t)ide analogs are relatively safe and well-tolerated, we include some recent data illustrating the potential benefit of TAF among CHB patients at risk for chronic kidney disease or osteopenia/osteoporosis. While highly effective and safe oral antiviral therapies are available for CHB treatment, disparities in timely CHB diagnosis and linkage to care and treatment remain. Improvements in HBV screening for early CHB diagnosis as well as effective programs to link known CHB patients into care and treatment are urgently needed.
A Neural Analysis of Intergroup Perception and Evaluation

1 Social Cognitive Perspective 2 “They All look Alike to Me”: Perception and Categorization 3 Affective Evaluations and Prejudice 4 Undoing the Automatic: The Deliberate Control of Prejudice 5 Problems with Suppression and Alternate Approaches to Regulation 6 Summary Keywords: prejudice; stereotyping; discrimination; attitude; emotion; face processing; executive function; amygdala; fusiform; prefrontal cortex
A New Absorption-Line Orbit for the Symbiotic Nova AG Pegasi

Precise cross-correlation absorption-line velocities have been derived using high resolution near infrared coude’ spectra for the symbiotic nova AG Pegasi. A revised weighted orbital solution is presented based on both extant photographic and the new absorption-line velocities.
Side Impact Structures

NEW SIDE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHANGES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR SOME 1969 MODEL GENERAL MOTORS CARS. THE RESEARCH COVERED TWO YEARS, DURING WHICH TIME CRASH SITUATIONS WERE SIMULATED AND ANALYZED, FIELD DATA WERE STUDIED, AND VARIOUS APPROACHES TO SIDE PROTECTION WERE INVESTIGATED. A LOW- WEIGHT, HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BEAM WAS DEVELOPED AND POSITIONED HORIZONTALLY IN THE DOOR. IN ADDITION, THE SUPPORTING BODY STRUCTURES WERE REINFORCED. THE RESULTANT STRUCTURE REDUCED PENETRATION INTO THE PASSENGER COMPARTMENT DURING SIDE COLLISION TESTS BY CAUSING A DEFLECTING ACTION BETWEEN THE TWO CARS, AND BY PREVENTING RIDEOVER OF THE STRIKING VEHICLE INTO THE STRUCK CAR. FISHER BODY HAS RECENTLY DEVELOPED THE BASIS FOR A STATIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUE OF TESTING THAT MEASURES THE STRENGTH OF SIDE IMPACT STRUCTURE IN SUCH A WAY AS TO ALLOW TRYOUTS OF DESIGNS EARLY IN THE PROGRAM. BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER OF GM CARS DESIGNED EACH YEAR, THIS WILL CURTAIL THE EXTENSIVE TIME AND COST FACTORS PREVIOUSLY INVOLVED IN DYNAMIC TESTING.
Mentally Defective Language in the Gun Control Act

The oft-quoted argument asserts that “Guns don’t kill people; people kill people.” It is essential, then, that gun legislation clearly address who the people are who should not possess or purchase guns. As the country once again reacts to a tragedy with renewed interest in implementing new gun legislation, we must use caution to clearly identify who should be restricted from acquiring firearms. The Gun Control Act of 1968 and its subsequent amendments fail at this task. When considering the ease with which persons with dangerous mental illnesses may legally purchase firearms because they do not meet technical and vague requirements under the Act — requirements put in place to prevent such persons from possessing firearms — it is clear that the Act fails. Tragic consequences result: six people dead at a grocery store in Tucson, Arizona at the hands of Jared Lee Loughner; twelve people dead at the hands of James E. Holmes in Aurora, Colorado. Additionally, when information to warn against illegal purchase of firearms is not requested due to ill-informed interpretations of the language, tragic consequences result: thirty-three people dead at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University at the hands of Seung Hui Cho. Loughner, Holmes, and Cho had shown signs of mental illness. Loughner, Holmes, and Cho purchased their firearms, the firearms they used for the murders they committed, from federally licensed firearms dealers. Loughner did so legally. Holmes did so legally. Cho did so without vital information regarding his dangerousness ever being reported. These three men slipped through the cracks and fifty-one people died as a result. The cracks exist due to the Act’s language and its interpretation — its defective language. This Article addresses the failure of the Gun Control Act regarding persons with dangerous mental illness who purchase firearms in spite of their status of being dangerously mentally ill. By looking at two headline-grabbing cases, the Article explores the dire consequences of the Act’s vague — and even misleading — language. Alternative approaches, including issuing permits, are suggested as means to help prevent such tragic outcomes and to guide new legislation.
An Analytic Model Predicting the Optimal Range for Maximizing 1-Hop Broadcast Coverage in Dense Wireless Networks

We present an analytic model to predict the optimal range for maximizing 1-hop broadcast coverage in dense ad-hoc wireless networks, using information like network density and node sending rate. We first derive a geometric-based, probabilistic model that describes the expected coverage as a function of range, sending rate and density. Because we can only solve the resulting equations numerically, we next develop extrapolations that find the optimum range for any rate and density given a single precomputed optimum. Finally using simulation, we show that in spite of many simplifications in the model, our extrapolation is able to predict the optimal range to within 16%.
International Experience in Imposing Liability on Directors for Breach of Fiduciary Duty Under Company Law (Международный Опыт Привлечения К Ответственности Членов Совета Директоров Акционерных Обществ)

We examine the practical experience of other countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, UK and USA), with regard to imposing liability of directors for breach of fiduciary duty, and compare this international practice to Russian experience. This article is a revised, updated, and shortened version of Chapter 11 of the Report to Russian Center for Capital Market Development: Comparative Analysis on Legal Regulation of the Liability of Members of the Executive Organs of Companies», http://ssrn.com/abstract=1001990 (Russian version at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1001991) Краткое описание. Настоящая статья продолжает серию публикаций на актуальные темы корпоративного права, основой для которых послужил отчет «О результатах сравнительного анализа правового регулирования ответственности членов органов управления хозяйственных обществ» (далее - отчет), подготовленный в декабре 2006 года группой международных экспертов в области права. В настоящей статье авторы анализируют законодательство различных зарубежных стран (Канада, Франция, Германия, Италия, Корея, Великобритания и США) на предмет их практихеского опыта по привлечению к ответственности членов совета директоров акционерных обществ. В итоге авторы делают обобщающие выводы и проводят краткое сравнение мирового опыта с практикой привлечения директоров к ответственности в России. Данная статья является сокращенной и обновленной версией главы 11 Отчета «О результатах сравнительного анализа правового регулирования ответственности членов органов управления хозяйственных обществ» http://ssrn.com/abstract=1001991.