cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The negative impact of anemia on radiotherapy and chemoradiation outcomes.

In cancer patients, anemia is common and has been found to impair quality of life and reduce locoregional disease control conferred by radiotherapy. The prognostic importance of anemia in the radiation oncology setting may be related to a reduction of molecular oxygen levels, thereby attenuating radiation-induced damage and ultimate cell death. Substantially higher doses of radiation are required to eradicate malignant cells under the hypoxic conditions commonly identified in solid tumors. Consistent with this, patients with hypoxic solid tumors have been found to have shorter postradiation disease-free survival rates relative to patients with well-oxygenated tumors. An attempt to enhance intratumoral oxygenation via correction of anemia, a highly prevalent but modifiable condition, is therefore a reasonable approach to optimize radiotherapy and chemoradiation outcomes. Clinical studies investigating recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) as an adjunct to radiotherapy have demonstrated its ability to increase and maintain hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the course of radiotherapy. In a study involving anemic patients undergoing chemoradiation for head and neck cancer, epoetin alfa extended locoregional control and survival to rates reported for patients with normal pretreatment Hb levels. Given the high prevalence and prognostic significance of anemia during radiotherapy, strategies that safely and effectively increase Hb levels may be of value for optimizing radiotherapy and chemoradiation outcomes.
Implementation and evaluation of church-based health fairs

From a comprehensive, community health-needs assessment based on the Neuman Systems Model (Neuman, 1995), cardiovascular disease was identified as the priority health concern in one quadrant of a small Midwestern city. The Plan, Do, Check, Act program planning model (Dees&Garcia, 1995) was the basis for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a mini cardiovascular health fair held at 3 churches. Congruence of the program planning model with the roles of the clinical specialist in community health nursing is discussed, followed by a discussion of the health fair goals and objectives, implementation, and formative and summative evaluations.
The precision of TR extrapolation in magnetic resonance image synthesis.

We present a model of noise propagation from acquired magnetic resonance(MR)images to T R ‐extrapolated synthetic images. This model assumes that images acquired at two repetition times T R1 and T R2 are used to generate synthetic images at arbitrary repetition times T R . The predictions of the model are compared with experimentally acquired phantom data, and show excellent agreement. The model is utilized in an analysis of two applications of MRimage synthesis: scan time reduction and multiple‐image synthesis. Scan time is reduced by acquiring data at two short repetition times, and synthesizing at a longer repetition time, with T R1 +T R2 less than T R . For T 1=800 ms, a reduction of 20% in scan time results in a 45% reduction in signal‐to‐noise ratio SNR, when compared to direct acquisition. Reducing scan time by much more than 20% produces large noise levels in the synthetic image, and is unlikely to be useful. In multiple‐image synthesis, images are synthesized at any repetition time in the range 0 to T R1 +T R2 , for contrast optimization. If T 1 =800 ms, and T R1 +T R2 =2000 ms, the optimum combination of T R1 , T R results in synthetic images whose SNR is at worst 22% less than the SNR of directly acquired images. For many values of T R , the synthetic images have SNR superior to that obtainable by direct acquisition.
Towards efficient collaboration in cyber security

Cyber security analysts in different geographical and organizational domains are often largely tasked with similar duties, albeit with domain-specific variations. These analysts necessarily perform much of the same work independently- for instance, analyzing the same list of security bulletins released by largely the same set of software vendors. As such, communication and collaboration between such analysts would be mutually beneficial to the analysts involved, potentially reducing redundancy and offering the opportunity to preemptively alert each other to high-severity security alerts in a more timely fashion. However, several barriers to practical and efficient collaboration exist, and consequently, no such framework exists to support these efforts. In this paper, we discuss the inherent difficulties which make efficient collaboration between cyber security analysts a difficult goal to achieve. We discuss preliminary ideas and concepts towards a collaborative cyber-security framework currently under development, whose goal is to facilitate analyst collaboration across these boundaries. While still in its early stages, we describe work-in-progress towards achieving this goal, including motivation, functionality, concepts, and a high-level description of the proposed system architecture.
MECHANISMS OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACTION: EFFECTS OF LIVER PASSAGE

The evocation of hypertensive cardiovascular renal disease in experimental animals through desoxycorticosterone administration suggests that essential hypertension and its sequellae may be the result of increased activity by endogenous salt-retaining corticosteroids. Such a possibility does not necessarily imply greater production of cortical substances but might represent a defect in removal. Detoxification of gonadal steroids is accomplished in the liver (Engel, 1944; Kochakian, Haskins and Bruce, 1944; Krichesky, Benjamin and Slater, 1943). The experimental data relative to the adrenal steroids are somewhat equivocal. The inactivity of desoxycorticosterone when orally administered (Kuizenga, Nelson and Cartland, 1940), its chemical similarity to progesterone and the identity of at least one of the detoxification products of both substances (Hoffman, Kazmin and Browne, 1943) suggest a common metabolic pathway through the liver. This supposition is supported by the decreased growth and survival rates of ...
Mechanical Signal Transduction: Divergent Communication and the Potential Consequences for Masticatory Muscle

Skeletal muscle can readily respond to physiological demands, causing changes in muscle mass and the fiber properties to meet the functional needs. Muscle adaptation is a coordination of endocrine, metabolic, and mechanical signals resulting in changes at the transcriptional and translational levels. New evidence suggests that the signal transduction pathways that are responsive to mechanical changes diverge in the craniofacial and axial muscles. Two regions where sensors for load exist, the sarcolemma and the contractile apparatus, have many proteins that are poised to convert mechanical perturbations into molecular signals and ultimately into changes in gene expression. Changes in the mechanical signal transduction system might contribute to unique physiological and pathologic features of masticatory muscle. This review will define the molecular components that form a new set of intrinsic factors that could lead to myogenic temporomandibular joint disorders.
Brazil-Malvinas Confluence ― 1984

Abstract The Brazil-Malvinas (Falkland) Confluence is marked by a complex array of strongly contrasting water types. In October 1984 two large poleward meanders of South Atlantic thermocline water, separated by a cold-core cyclonic eddy near 40°S and 50°W, were observed west of 46°W. The western feature extended further south, to 43°S, with a geostrophic volume transport for the upper 1500 decibars (db) relative to 1500 db of 22,5 × 106 m3 s−1. The branch to the east has a somewhat weaker baroclinic structure, though it is associated with warmer and more saline surface water. The warmer temperature reflects less atmospheric cooling than experienced within the western branch, which is exposed directly to the cold prevailing westerlies. The western branch is capped by a low salinity layer, the origin of which appears to be a mixture of continental shelf water with surface water from the Brazil Current. Near 39–40°S the surface water at the Confluence front is of very low salinity, yet too warm to be subantarctic water carried in with the Malvinas Current. It is likely that it represents warm river plume water from the Rio de la Plata, that has “folded-over” the northern tip of the cyclonic trough formed by the Malvinas Current and its return to the south. At depth the most concentrated North Atlantic Deep Water is associated with the western branch. This feature continues flowing south, below the Malvinas Current, indicating that the western boundary separation at depth need not be coherent with the thermocline separation position. South of the western branch are two warm-core eddies; the northern eddy is in the process of separation while the southern eddy has been separated for a period of 2–3 months and has undergone thermohaline modification by the late winter atmosphere. These modified warm-core eddies may not re-coalesce with the main thermocline and hence represent a significant salt flux into the subantarctic zone of the South Atlantic.
Moire interferometric alignment and overlay techniques

Moire alignment and overlay measurement techniques with nm-scale precision are demonstrated. Using 0.47-micrometers pitch gratings, a 1-nm alignment resolution is demonstrated. A novel double-period moire grating is used to provide both coarse (approximately 10 micrometers ) and fine (approximately 1 micrometers ) capture ranges for integration with existing stage positioning systems. A new diffraction-order interferometry technique for nm-precision remote overlay readout, with potential application to latent image structures immediately after exposure, is demonstrated.
ON THE CLINICAL USE OF EMMENIN (HUMAN PLACENTAL EXTRACT—COLLIP)*

The correction of menstrual disorders by the use of various products of glandular origin has been tried by hundreds of workers since Knauer (1), in 1896, first demonstrated the effect of ovarian transplants on the endometrium. That the placenta might be a gland of internal secretion producing large amounts of sex hormone was first suggested by Halban (2) in 1905, but proof of this hypothesis was not forthcoming until seven years later when Iscovesco (3) demonstrated, in placental tissues, large quantities of a lipoid principle capable of producing growth and vascularity in the resting tubular tract of the rabbit. The presence of this principle, which we now know to be estrin, was soon corroborated by Aschner (4), Fellner (5), and Frank (6). Ercoli (7), in 1915, secured similar results in guinea pigs and suggested that clinical application be made of this property of placental extracts. In 1926 Zondek and Aschheim (8) succeeded in isolating a second principle from the placenta, an anterior pituitary-like g...
ELASTIC MATERIALS WITH TWO PREFERRED STATES

The apparent energy density, which is the quasiconvexification of the two-well potential, is computed. For the version of elasticity theory based on the apparent energy density, certain minimum-energy and uniqueness theorems are proved
A study of lip movements in speech

(1929). A study of lip movements in speech. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 480-484.
Farm Women And Work

The participation by farm women in on-farm and off-farm work is estimated. In addition, data on the effects of female earnings in agriculture upon farm family income and the variability in farm family income are presented and assessed. It is shown that farm women contribute significantly and substantially to farm family income. Also, it is demonstrated that farm women appear to play an important role in helping farm families manage income instability.
A study of cardiac vectors in the frontal plane.

Abstract 1. 1. The Einthoven triangle has been set forth in the circular form. The circular form correlates easily the polarities written in the six limb leads and the corresponding heart-vector direction in the RLF plane. 2. 2. The average QRS vector was directed toward +45 degrees in normal electrocardiograms, toward +120 degrees in right ventricular hypertrophy, and toward +15 degrees in left ventricular hypertrophy. The average QRS′ vector was directed toward +30 degrees in both complete right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block. The average QRS″ vector was directed toward −165 degrees in complete right bundle branch block, and toward −30 degrees in complete left bundle branch block. 3. 3. In normal electrocardiograms the angle formed by the QRS vector and T vector did not exceed 45 degrees. In right ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular hypertrophy this angle could range between 0 degree and 180 degrees. In complete right bundle branch block the angle formed by the QRS′ vector and QRS″ vector usually exceeded 90 degrees; the average angle was 150 degrees. In complete left bundle branch block the angle formed by the QRS′ vector and QRS″ vector usually did not exceed 90 degrees; the average angle was 45 degrees. 4. 4. The incidence of complete right bundle branch block was 2 per cent, of which 95 per cent were of the Wilson type. The incidence of complete left bundle branch block was 1 per cent. 5. 5. The T vector could not be determined in 4 per cent of right ventricular hypertrophy and in 11 per cent of left ventricular hypertrophy. 6. 6. In the RLF plane the general direction of activation of a single normal ventricle, either right or left, was nearly the same as that of the normal QRS vector. The route of activation of a blocked ventricle, either right or left, was abnormally altered: toward the right in complete right bundle branch block, and toward the left in complete left bundle branch block. 7. 7. The circular form was found to be advantageous in clinical routine electrocardiographic analysis.
Best Effort Session-Level Congestion Control

Congestion caused by a large number of interacting TCP flows at a bottleneck network link is different from that caused by a lesser number of flows sending large amounts of data -the former would require cutting down the number of competing flows, while cutting down the data sending rate is sufficient for the latter. However, since existing congestion control schemes view congestion only from a packet-level perspective, they treat both to be the same, resulting in suboptimal performance. We propose two best effort, search-based, session (or flow) level congestion control strategies for the Internet, to complement existing packet-level congestion control schemes. Our strategies control the number of competing flows to optimize for the flow completion rate and the flow completion time. Furthermore, our session control mechanisms do not require any per-flow state or computation at the routers, make no assumption about input traffic characteristics and requirements, avoid starvation of new flows when existing flows do not leave the system, and do not require any end host TCP modifications. Using evaluations under a wide variety of static and varying traffic load conditions, we demonstrate the significant performance and fairness gains that our session control mechanisms provide.
Preliminary Friction Force Measurements on Small Bowel Lumen When Eliminating Sled Edge Effects

This study aims to produce experimental results for the coefficient of friction (COF) between the small bowel lumen and an edgeless, translating sled. Friction was measured as a function of sled speed under in situ and in vitro conditions. The results indicate that by eliminating edge effects, the COF between a stainless steel sled and the inner surface of the small bowel lumen is decreased. The average COF for in situ testing was found to be slightly lower than in vitro tests. Friction increased with increasing velocity. The friction forces ranged from 0.013 to 0.08 N, and COF values ranged from 0.007 to 0.054 under these conditions.
Do Physician Incentives Affect Hospital Choice? A Progress Report

Abstract The US health reforms of March 2010 introduced new provisions for physicians providing Medicare and Medicaid services to be given financial incentives to control costs. Physician payment mechanisms generating similar incentives are currently used by some health maintenance organizations in California. We describe an ongoing research project in which we investigate physician responses to these payment schemes. The question is whether patients whose physicians have incentives to control hospital costs are admitted to lower-priced hospitals than other patients, all else equal. We provide an initial analysis of California hospital discharge data from 2003, documenting evidence consistent with this hypothesis.
Berry Fruits: Compositional Elements, Biochemical Activities, and the Impact of Their Intake on Human Health, Performance, and Disease

An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Berry fruits, which are commercially cultivated and commonly consumed in fresh and processed forms in North America, include blackberry (Rubus spp.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), cranberry (i.e., the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, distinct from the European cranberry, V. oxycoccus), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Other berry fruits, which are lesser known but consumed in the traditional diets of North American tribal communities, include chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), highbush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum), serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea). In addition, berry fruits such as arctic bramble (Rubus articus), bilberries (Vaccinuim myrtillus; also known as bog whortleberries), black currant (Ri...
PCR primers for nuclear-encoded microsatellites of the groupers Cephalopholis fulva (coney) and Epinephelus guttatus (red hind)

Twenty-one nuclear-encoded microsatellites were isolated from an enriched genomic DNA library of coney, Cephalopholisfulva, and characterized in both C. fulva and red hind, Epinephelusguttatus. The microsatellites include 16 dinucleotide repeats, two trinucleotide repeats, and three tetranucleotide repeats. An additional 11 microsatellites, isolated originally from an enriched genomic DNA library of E. guttatus, were characterized in both E. guttatus and C. fulva. Both grouper species support important commercial and recreational fisheries in the western Atlantic along the coasts of North, Central, and South America.
Residual currents in A.C. discharges.

Abstract A point by point determination is made of the residual current flowing during the reignition period of an a.c. arc between pure graphite electrodes in atmospheric air.The air pressure is varied from 0.14 to 5.4 atmospheres absolute and the gap varied from 1/4 to 5 mm. Alternating current of 6o cycles per second is supplied to the arc by a io Kv. power transformer and the r.m.s. discharge current is limited by ohmic resistance to values between o.o5 and 2 amperes. The residual current rises to a peak shortly after the voltage reverses and the current then decreases as the recovery voltage increases to its reignition value. The peak of the residual current increases directly with the r.m.s. current of the arc, and is essentially independent of both the length of the gap and the pressure of the gas. The reignition voltage is shown to be a function of the value of residual current existing just prior to ignition. The rate of decay of residual current decreases as gas pressure and gap length are increased.
Cancer's deadly signature

Theories of cancer biology have long held that the metastatic process originates with rare cells within the primary tumor. A new study using expression array analysis has identified a molecular signature of metastatic potential within the bulk of the primary tumor. This suggests that the majority of tumor cells have the potential to metastasize and presents exciting clinical and therapeutic applications.
An Arostrate Population of the Copepod, Acartia Lilljeborgii Giesbrecht (Calanoida, Acartiidae), From St. Lucia, West Indies

Die Verbreitung von Acartia lilljeborgii wird untersucht und uber eine Population aus St. Lucia, Westindien, berichtet, welche keine Rostralfaden besitzt. Fur dieses Fehlen von Rostralfaden wurden genetische Unterschiede angenommen. Alle anderen Populationen scheinen Rostralfaden zu besitzen. Steuers ursprungliche Aufteilung in "Acarticae rostratae" und "Acartiae arostratae" legt zu viel Gewicht auf die An- und Abwesenheit von Rostralfaden und sollte aufgegeben werden.
Pilgrims and Pilgrimages as Peacemakers in Christianity, Judaism and Islam

The series “Compostela International Studies in Pilgrimage History and Culture” is currently a four-volume series dedicated to a multidisciplinary approach to the study of pilgrimage. Pilgrims and ...
The distribution of cholinesterases in plant species

Abstract The neostigmine-inhibited hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine has been found in extracts prepared from 23 species from five of the 24 families assayed: Characeae, Cruciferae, Graminae, Leguminosae, and Solanaceae but not present in 33 other species. In no case was activity found in all species tested from the five positive families. In extracts prepared from Phaseolus aureus Roxb. there was an agent which decolorizes the product formed in the calorimetric assay used for assaying cholinesterase. This decolorant is heat-inactivated and partially dialyzable.
Two approaches to nonlinear decomposition

Unlike the situation for the linear case, nonlinear programming problems rapidly become numerically very difficult to solve, as the number of variables grows. For this reason, the solution of large-scale nonlinear problems requires some form of decomposition or partitioning. This involves breaking the problem down into a master problem and one or more subproblems, which are all solved iteratively, exchanging information between the subproblems on one hand and the master on the other hand, yielding approximate solutions nearer and nearer to the true optimum. In this paper, we consider two basically different approaches to nonlinear decomposition, which we shall call the relaxedmaster problem approach and the directmaster problem approach. After transforming the problem into two-stage form, and considering some related properties, we briefly review the Kbonsjo (1969) relaxed master decomposition algorithm. A direct master problem decomposition algorithm is then presented. Some material on subdifferentiable ...
Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-reticuline. A new strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of isoquinolines via enantioselective epoxidation or dihydroxylation

Abstract A new strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines7 − 9 has been developed. The route involves introduction of asymmetry via enantioselective epoxidation or dihydroxylafion of corresponding stilbene precursors followed by aminolysis and Pomeranz-Fritsch cyclization. The strategy has been successfully applied to the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-reticuline (9), the key-intermediate in the synthesis of morphine alkaloids on the biomimetic route.
Stick-Slip Dynamics of a Stressed Ion Crystal

We study the control of the rotation of a laser-cooled ion crystal in a Penning trap by a rotating electric field perturbation. We show that application of a small torque produces sudden angular jumps or “slips” of the crystal orientation spaced by intervals when the crystal is phase locked or “stuck” relative to the rotating perturbation. The distribution of angular slips is described by a power law, where the power-law exponent depends on the applied torque. We believe this system is driven by a constant force and small perturbations or thermal effects trigger the slips.
Muscarine binding sites in bovine adrenal medulla

Abstract The presence of muscarinic binding sites in the bovine adrenal medulla was investigated using [3H]QNB and the bovine adrenal medulla. Scatchard analysis combined with computer analysis yielded data consistent with a two binding site configuration. KDs of 0.15 and 14 nM and Bmaxs of 29 and 210 fmol/mg protein, respectively, were observed. Displacement of [3H]QNB by various cholinergic agents is, in order decreasing potency: QNB, dexetimide, atropine, scopolamine, imipramine, desipramine, oxotremorine, pilocarpine, acetylcholine, methacholine and carbachol. These results demonstrate the presence of more than one muscarine binding site in the bovine adrenal gland.
Abnormal embryonic development induced by antiserum: a rapid method to isolate the responsible galactoprotein antigens.

It has been well established that heterologous antiserum against whole rat kidney homogenate when injected into pregnant rats during the organogenetic period may induce abnormal embryonic development. A one-step rapid method has been developed to isolate the responsible rat renal antigens by lectin-affinity chromatography using soy bean agglutinin (SBA) or ricinus com-munis agglutinin (RCA120). The purified antigens appeared to be galactoproteins with terminal nonreducing D-galactose and/or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Rabbit antisera produced against the galactoproteins were potent teratogenic agents.
Improved parameterization of seagrass blade dynamics and wave attenuation based on numerical and laboratory experiments

Seagrass blade dynamics were explored through numerical and laboratory experiments in order to improve parameterization of wave attenuation by submerged aquatic vegetation in the presence of a background current. In the numerical model, a single blade was modeled as a series of rigid plates attached by torsion springs. For the laboratory model, strips of low-density polyethylene were placed in a recirculating wave flume. A new form of the Keulegan—Carpenter number based on the horizontal excursion of the blade tip was found to be an excellent predictor of drag coefficient. An algebraic model for predicting wave attenuation was developed based on the following observations. During the portion of the wave period when the fluid velocities are highest, the blade motion is almost completely arrested and the vast majority of the turbulence production occurs during this time. Turbulence production when the blade is pronated is accurately predicted by the maximum fluid velocity over the wave period. The relative contribution to the total turbulence production over the wave period is determined by the relative strength of the waves and the current. Therefore, using a simple algebraic fit, the total depth-integrated, time-averaged turbulence production can be accurately predicted by two flow parameters: the maximum fluid velocity over the wave period, and a non-dimensional number that compares the wave and current velocities. By fitting the algebraic model to data from a particular site, it can be used to efficiently estimate wave attenuation and drag coefficient in seagrass exposed to waves with a background current.
Nonlinear characterization of concurrent energy harvesting from galloping and base excitations

An energy harvester is proposed to concurrently harness energy from base and galloping excitations. This harvester consists of a triangular cross-sectional tip mass attached to a multilayered piezoelectric cantilever beam and placed in an incompressible flow and subjected to a harmonic base excitation in the cross-flow direction. A coupled nonlinear-distributed-parameter model is developed representing the dynamics of the transverse degree of freedom and the generated voltage. The galloping force and moment are modeled by using a nonlinear quasi-steady approximation. Under combined loadings and when the excitation frequency is away from the global natural frequency of the harvester, the response of the harvester mainly contains these two harmonic frequencies. Thus, the harvester’s response is generally aperiodic and is either periodic with large period (i.e., period- $$n$$ ), or quasi-periodic, or chaotic. To characterize the harvester’s response under a combination of vibratory base excitations and aerodynamic loading, we use modern methods of nonlinear dynamics, such as phase portraits, power spectra, and Poincare sections. A further analysis is then performed to determine the effects of the wind speed, frequency excitation, base acceleration, and electrical load resistance on the performance of the harvester under separate loadings.
Response familiarization and paired-associate learning

Eighty Ss were given 0, 10, 20, or 40 familiarization trials with trigrams which were subsequently used as the response items in a paired-associates learning task. Familiarity was shown to be a negatively accelerated increasing function of the number of familiarization trials. Number of correct responses on the paired-associate task was found to be directly related to experimentally produced familiarity with the response items. The results were discussed in terms of the two-stage conception of paired-associate learning advanced by Underwood and Schulz (1960) .
Genetic and economic responses to breeding programs that consider mastitis.

Eight breeding programs were evaluated with a simulation study using discounted gene flow. Discounted economic responses and annual genetic changes were calculated. The evaluation was over 25 periods of 13 mo and the population modeled was DHI cows served by AI sires in the US. A breeding program without regard for mastitis gave annual genetic increases of 53.5 kg milk, 2.24 kg fat, .020 cases of mastitis, and an economic response of $98.24. Including SCC or mastitis in selection indexes that maximize economic gain reduced the rate of improvement in yield traits by 1 to 2% but did not reduce clinical mastitis. Instead these indexes slowed the rate of increase in clinical mastitis by 20 to 25% and increased response in economic merit by less than 1%. Restricted selection, which permitted no genetic change in mastitis, reduced the rates of improvement by up to 27% for yield and 17% for economic response. Direct selection against mastitis is unrealistic due to lack of field data on clinical mastitis. Indirect selection would be less efficient than predicted here, due in part to incomplete enrollment in SCC testing program. Simultaneous improvement of both yield and mastitis apparently is not economically desirable due to the antagonistic genetic correlation between yield and mastitis and to the relatively greater economic value and higher heritability of yield.
Testicular maintenance and its inhibition in pituitary-transplanted rats.

Transplants of immature pituitaries placed under the renal capsule of hypophysectomized adult rats resulted in maintenance of testicular weight and apparently normal seminiferous tubular function. This maintenance was not due to pituitary remnants in the sella turcica, as shown by inspection of serial sections through the pituitary capsule, and other evidence. In these animals, stereotaxic placement of crystalline testosterone propionate in the hypothalamic median eminence region resulted in significant decreases in testicular weight and histologically determined atrophy of the testes, seminal vesicles and prostates. Similar implantation of cholesterol was without effect. The pituitary-transplanted rats did not grow, and adrenals were severely atrophic although adrenal weight was significantly above the hypophysectomy level. It was concluded that the testicular maintenance noted in this and other studies in some hypophysectomized, pituitary-transplanted rats is due to humoral influences coming from the hy...
The Rule of Law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

No problem is more important or more vexing for international lawyers than that of promoting the rule of law in international affairs. International law is criticized by our colleagues in the academy and at the bar as excessively indeterminate and incomplete in its substance, as undemocratic and beholden to displays of power in its means of formation, and as so rarely subject to mandatory interpretation and application by disinterested and authoritative tribunals as to call into question its capacity to substitute law and legal process for resort to violence and coercion. Some who encounter the system, including national legislators and judges, respond by dismissing international law as more political than legal and by regarding the idea of promoting the rule of law in international affairs as too abstract and idealistic to warrant practical contributions on their part. In the last half-century, this cynicism has been stoked by upheavals in the law of the sea. There was, and to some extent remains, a widespread perception that a coastal state dissatisfied with the international law of the sea is free to change the law itself by making and enforcing a unilateral claim at any time, perhaps de facto at first but ultimately de jure} Elegant theories of customary international law are deployed to reinforce that view, distressingly even by lawyers with no ethical obli
Delayed diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient

Chronic Q fever caused by Coxiella burnetii is uncommon in the United States and is most often associated with infective endocarditis. We present a 52-year-old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement and rheumatoid arthritis treated with Etanercept with chronic Q fever manifesting as prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. Explanted valve tissue showed organisms confirmed to be C. burnetii by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) sequencing. She subsequently reported consumption of unpasteurized cow milk which was the likely source of C. burnetii. She continues to do well 6 months after valve replacement on oral doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.
The phonon spectra of γ‐ and β‐CuBr

A previously paper on CuI, is repeated for CuBr. A rigid ion, second neighbor ionic model proposed by Banerjee and Varshni is used to fit the inelastic neutron scattering data of Prevot et al. for the γ phase of CuBr. The model consists of a long range Coulomb contribution calculated directly and short range parameters calculated for the best fit to the data. The dispersion curves of β-CuBr are calculated using the same model. The long range Coulomb contributions are again calculated directly. The short range parameters for the ideal wurtzite structure are calculated by Euler transformations of the zinc blende short range interaction matrices. Because of the nonideal structure of β-CuBr and because of the expansion of the lattice with the increase in temperature, some small corrections are necessary. With these long range and short range contributions, the dispersion curves for β-CuBr are calculated. Eine fruher fur CuJ durchgefuhrte Arbeit wird fur CuBr wiederholt. Ein Modell starrer Ionen zweiter Nachbarn, das von Banerjee und Varshni vorgeschlagen wurde, wird fur die Anpassung der inelastischen Neutronenstreuungswerte von Prevot et al. fur die γ-Phase von CuBr benutzt. Das Modell besteht aus einem langreichweitigen Coulombbeitrag, der direkt berechnet wird und kurzreichweitigen Parametern, die fur eine beste Anpassung an die Werte berechnet werden. Die Dispersionskurven von β-CuBr werden mit demselben Modell berechnet. Die langreichweitigen Coulombbeitrage werden wieden direkt berechnet. Die kurzreichweitigen Parameter fur die ideale Wurtzitstruktur werden durch Eulertransformation der kurzreichweitigen Wechselwirkungsmatrizen fur Zinkblende berechnet. Wegen der nichtidealen Struktur von β-CuBr und der Ausdehnung des Gitters mit steigender Temperatur sind geringe Korrekturen notwendig. Mit diesen lang- und kurzreichweitigen Beitragen werden die Dispersionskurven fur β-CuBr berechnet.
Structural failures in abdominal aortic aneurysm stentgrafts: Threat to durability and challenge to technology

A variety of structural defects or failures have appeared in the majority of commercially developed stentgrafts for endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Some have resulted in device withdrawal; others have been dealt with by device modification. Newer devices have been designed to avoid some of these failure modes but, because many have not become apparent until as late as 2 years, these corrective measures will require long-term follow-up to establish device durability. Typically, routine surveillance has missed these problems or discovered them late and, when fully investigated, most structural problems have been more prevalent than initially suspected and/or increased with time. However, analyses documenting the full extent and clinical consequences of these structural failures have not been openly reported. This lack of information, and the nature of the structural failures themselves, have undermined confidence in the durability of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), mandated indefinite periodic surveillance, and further increased its costs. Prospects for controlling the described failure modes in the future are good in terms of most device- and operator-specific causes, but aneurysm-specific causes may be more difficult to overcome. Until durability is established by improved technology and long-term follow-up, a more conservative application of EVAR has been suggested, with its use limited primarily to patients with large AAAs (>5.5 cm diameter), favorable anatomy for EVAR, and associated comorbidities that significantly increase the patient's risk for open repair as well as decrease their longevity outlook. The history of these structural failures and the corrective measures taken, as well as their current impact on EVAR are presented in this article.
Requirements on Damage Functions

A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for brittle solids is presented. It is shown that damage functions, if not appropriately formulated, could lead to internal contradiction manifested in stress reversals. A solution strategy to circumvent this problem along with examples is provided.
Conservative Voices in the Western Messenger: William Greenleaf Eliot and Harm Jan Huidekoper

The Western Messenger (1835-41) has often been given honorable mention in American literary history and has some reputation as one of the best-written magazines to appear in the early American West.1 Many scholars who are at all familiar with the Messenger associate it primarily with American Transcendentalism and often mention it as a precursor of the Dial. Indeed, it did defend the right of Ralph Waldo Emerson and several others to express the "New Views," and a few articles which did so were excerpted by Perry Miller for his authoritative anthology The Transcendentalists.2 However, the material appearing in its five full years of monthly publication cannot so easily be reduced to a single theme.3 The magazine's original intention was to serve as an
A Study of the Early History of Soot Formation in Various Hydrocarbon Diffusion Flames

Abstract Diffusion flames of methane, ethane, ethene, acetylene, propane, allene 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene and benzene in coflowing normal atmospheric air were investigated by analyzing samples of malerials collected on fine probes inserted into the flames. To focus attention on early slages of soot formation, small flames (heights 2cm to 4cm) on a burner 1.6cm in diameter were studied, and the more heavily sooting fuels were diluted with nitrogen (up to a nitrogen mole fraction of 90% for acetylene). Radiation-corrected thermocouples were employed to measure temperatures in the regions of earliest soot deposits, and the distances from the point of earliest deposit to that of the first visible soot emissions of radiation were also recorded. Scanning electron micrography (SEM) and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (ESCA) were applied lo the samples to investigate changes in soot morphology with increasing axial distance. The results showed the earliest deposils to be highly fuel-specific but later deposits to...
Exhaustive allelic transmission disequilibrium tests as a new approach to genome-wide association studies

Genome-wide disease-association mapping has been heralded as the study design of the next generation, but the lack of analytical methods to use genotype data fully is a large stumbling block. Here we describe an algorithm and statistical method that efficiently and exhaustively exploits haplotype information by subjecting alleles (a marker or contiguous sets of markers) from sliding windows of all sizes to transmission disequilibrium tests. By applying our method to simulated data and to Hirschsprung disease, we show that it can detect both common and rare disease variants of small effect. These results show that the theoretical benefits of genome-wide association studies are at last realizable.
Can studies of tolerance ever lead to therapy

Studies in murine models have suggested that regulatory T (Treg) cells can be generated by any antigen and such antigen specific Treg cells not only prevent but also reverse unwanted immunity. Another key finding of these experimental studies is that Treg cells could possibly be used therapeutically to ameliorate disease because of their ability to interfere with the execution of effector programmes of fully differentiated T effector cells. However, more work is needed before these findings can be safely translated into better targeted therapy and prevention of unwanted immune responses in clinical settings.
Organic carbon partitioning as a basis for predicting the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in sediments

The objective of this study was to evaluate an organic carbon partitioning model for predicting bioavailability of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in sediments, in support of the development of a sediment-quality criterion for the pesticide. Initial 10-d water-only toxicity tests were conducted with the midge Chironomus tentans to define the sensitivity of this species to chlorpyrifos. Two uncontaminated sediments with differing organic carbon contents (approximately 3 and 8.5%) were spiked with varying amounts of chlorpyrifos designed to result in equilibrium interstitial (pore) water concentrations that would bracket the effects concentrations observed in the water-only exposures. Ten-day toxicity tests with Chironomus tentans were conducted with the spiked sediments under conditions similar to those in the water-only exposure. Based on predicted pore-water concentrations of chlorpyrifos, results of the water-only and sediment tests were in close agreement. The water-only LC50 of chlorpyrifos to Chironomus tentans was 70 ng/L, whereas LC50 values based on predicted pore-water concentrations in the two test sediments were 40 and 70 ng/L. Total concentrations of chlorpyrifos measured in pore water from the test sediments were always at least an order of magnitude greater than predicted pore-water concentrations of the pesticide. However, upon correction for that fraction of the measured chlorpyrifos potentially bound to DOC in the pore water, measured and predicted chlorpyrifos concentrations were in much closer agreement, with the former typically about threefold greater than the latter. Overall, these results suggest that within the range of organic carbon tested in the present study, an equilibrium partitioning model based on organic carbon is appropriate for predicting the bioavailability of sediment-associated chlorpyrifos to benthic invertebrates.
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of urologic malignancies: Does it influence diagnostic and treatment decisions?

Abstract Objective It is recognized that multidisciplinary teams may improve management decisions for patients with malignancies. We prospectively studied the effect of such a multidisciplinary approach on the diagnosis and treatment decisions of patients newly presenting with urologic malignancies. Methods Two hundred sixty-nine consecutive new patients presenting to our institution with an outside diagnosis of a urologic malignancy for diagnostic or treatment considerations (2007–2008). All cases were reviewed and discussed at a tumor board with all members of the different subspecialties present. Reevaluation of the outside diagnostic and treatment plan was undertaken. Based on this team review and approach, patients were classified based on changes in diagnosis and/or treatment. Results Cohort was comprised of patients with the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate (34%), bladder (23%), kidney (35%), testicle (5%), and other (1%). Only 35% of patients had no changes in diagnosis or treatment, 38% had a change in diagnosis or treatment, 10% required further analysis (i.e., “other”), and 17% were N/A. Changes in diagnosis were most common in bladder (23%) and renal (17%) cancers. Changes in treatment were most common in bladder cancer (44%), followed by kidney (36%), testicular (29%), then prostate (22%) cancers. A stage effect on diagnostic and treatment considerations was also noted, especially for bladder cancer. Conclusions A multidisciplinary team approach affects the diagnostic and management decisions in a significant number patients with a newly diagnosed urologic malignancy, and thereby seems to have a clinical impact for many of our patients with urologic cancers.
Heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in a tubular reactor

Irreversible, first-order, simultaneous heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in an isothermal tubular reactor under laminar flow conditions are studied. Accurate values of the eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and radial concentration profiles are found for the dilute system. Criteria are given as to when the homogeneous reaction may be neglected with respect to the heterogeneous reaction and vice versa. It is found that for a certain range of the rate parameters well-known limiting solutions apply. Outside this range, the new solutions must be used.
Fusion of operators for heterogeneous periocular recognition at varying ranges

A new compound operator is proposed for heterogeneous periocular recognition.The new operator outperforms three basic operators and three state-of-the-art compound operators.NIR, SWIR, MWIR and LWIR spectra at different standoff distances are considered.A metric is introduced to measure image quality and explain its impact on performance.The new operator does not require training and can be applied to various datasets. Cross-spectral matching of active and passive infrared (IR) periocular images to a visible light periocular image gallery is a challenging research problem. This scenario is motivated by a number of surveillance applications such as recognition of subjects at night or in harsh environmental conditions. This problem becomes even more challenging with a varying standoff distance. To address this problem a new compound operator named GWLH that fuses three local descriptors - Histogram of Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Weber Local Descriptors (WLD) - applied to the outputs of Gabor filters is proposed. The local operators encode both magnitude and phase information. When applied to periocular regions, GWLH outperforms other compound operators that recently appeared in the literature. During performance evaluation LBP, Gabor filters, HOG, and a fusion of HOG and LBP establish a baseline for the performance comparison, while other compound operators such as Gabor followed by HOG and LBP as well as Gabor followed by WLD, LBP and GLBP present the state-of-the-art. The active IR band is presented by short-wave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) and passive IR is presented by mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR). In addition to varying spectrum, we also vary the standoff distance of SWIR and NIR probes. In all but one case of the combination of spectrum and range, GWLH outperforms all the other operators. A sharpness metric is introduced to measure the quality of heterogeneous periocular images and to emphasize the need in development of image enhancement approaches for heterogeneous periocular biometrics. Based on the statistics of the sharpness metric, the performance difference between compound and single operators is increasing proportionally with increasing sharpness metric values.