cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The issue cycle: conceptualizing long-term global political change

A conceptual framework for the analysis of global political change is presented and illustrated with examples drawn from the Cold War. The most important issues on an agenda, the critical issues, go through identifiable stages: genesis, crisis, ritualization, dormancy, decision making, and authoritative allocation. The effects of the different stages on behavior of international actors is examined in a preliminary fashion, and a theoretical rationale is offered. Each stage, treated in detail, relates to the others in terms of differences in behavior associated with each stage, the evolving of relationships among actors, and the resolution of issues. The concluding section elaborates the research implications.
The complexity of knowledge representation

Representing knowledge in forms appropriate for rapid common-sense reasoning is a challenging current problem in artificial intelligence. We review certain recent results which suggest that complexity theory has an important role to play in this field.
An Exploratory Salesforce Study Of The Relationship Between Leader-Member Exchange And Motivation, Role Stress, And Manager Evaluation

With the movement in the U.S. economy toward a total quality environment, there will be a greater focus on relationships building within an organization. This study sought to empirically explore the association between sales manager salesperson relationships and salesperson motivation, stress, and evaluation of the manager. Results suggest that cadres (high quality relationships) are higher on extrinsic and intrinsic instrumentality, extrinsic valence, and evaluation of their manager. Cadres are lower on the role overload, role insufficiency, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are offered.
Introduction to the special issue on tone rows and tropes

This special issue of the Journal of Mathematics and Music is devoted principally to a classification of twelve-tone rows, and secondarily to the reception and potential utility of that enterprise....
The Industrial Ecology of the Automobile

For the last 100 years, virtually every automobile was an internal combustion vehicle (ICV) powered by either gasoline or diesel and mostly made from steel. Even as the ICV was identified as a source of serious environmental impact, it continued to outcompete others, arguably more environmentally benign, transportation modes. Banning lead from gasoline, requiring catalytic converters, and increasing powertrain efficiency allowed the ICV to respond to environmental criticism and continue its dominance over other transportation technologies. Today, well over one billion ICVs are in use worldwide.
Historical Repetition and Development Narratives in Guyana’s Coastal Drainage and Irrigation System

This article takes a critical look at the historiography of development in Guyana as it appears in archival materials and the primary (governmental and nongovernmental reports) and secondary (scholarly) literature. I ask why development schemes were so heavily focused on drainage and irrigation (D&I), how this focus was justified, and whether there is another way to think about the possibilities for development in Guyana in the future. It is argued that, in Guyana, various development actors attempt to relocate what they perceive to be the previous regimes failures through discourses on racial and political difference. Their solutions to these problems are often subsequently portrayed as corrections to the failures of the previous regime despite the significant repetition of certain themes. Finally, it offers insight into how these development projects might be reconsidered.
Abstract 1822: An integrated approach to identify clinically relevant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer.

Despite growing appreciation of the number and importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in normal physiology and diseases, the knowledge on cancer-related lncRNAs is still limited. We utilized probes from array-based expression profiles that are uniquely mapped to annotated lncRNAs to investigate the expression of 10,207 lncRNAs in about 1,300 tumor samples over four different cancer types. By integrating the expression profiles of these lncRNAs with clinical outcome and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA), we identified lncRNAs that are associated with specific cancer subtypes and clinical prognosis, and predicted those that are potential drivers of cancer progression. We further validated our computational predictions by experimentally confirming the oncogenic functions of two novel lncRNAs in prostate cancer. Our results demonstrate that public genomic data contain a wealth of information on disease-relevant non-coding RNAs, and integrating orthogonal datasets and clinical information could facilitate the discovery of clinically relevant lncRNAs and help prioritize their functional studies. Citation Format: X. Shirley Liu. An integrated approach to identify clinically relevant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1822 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
The Trucking Industry and the National Recovery Administration

R ELATIONSHIPS between government and business have been studied by historians, political scientists, and the legal profession. Although many generalizations have been drawn from the studies, few of them have been based on detailed examinations of the interaction of particular groups of businessmen and individual government agencies. The rarity of case histories on the subject is not the result of absence of source materials. The National Archives alone has large collections of records documenting the relationships between individual firms, as well as groups representing a number of firms, and regulatory agencies of the Federal Government. The records of the National Recovery Administration, for example, include correspondence and reports containing information on the interaction of businessmen in over six hundred industries with public administrators of NRA. It is the purpose of this paper to show by use of these records how self-regulation (the description of NRA's friends) or government regulation (the description of its foes) affected the trucking industry. The experiences of this industry were not unique among industries for which codes were approved. On the other hand, no one industry was typical. And while generalizations about the impact of NRA upon industry as a whole are possible and suggestive, there is something to be gained by looking at experiences of particular industries in a concrete way.
Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe 50 Co 50 Powders

Nanocrystalline stoichiometric FeCo powders were prepared by mechanically alloying elemental Fe and Co powders using a high-energy ball mill. The microstructural evolution was studied as a function of milling time and subsequent annealing using X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The magnetic behavior of the specimens was characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer and a magnetic force microscope. A reduction in grain size coupled with an increase in coercivity was observed as function of milling time. The smallest grain size of 4 nm, which exhibited a coercivity of 122 Oe and magnetization of 2 T at room temperature, was obtained after 240 h of milling. The reduction in grain size during milling was not accompanied by enhanced soft magnetic properties.
Oral verapamil in the prevention of recurrent cerebral ischaemia due to post‐stent vasospasm

SummaryWhat is known and objective Endovascular embolization of basilar tip aneurysms (BTA) is performed to prevent rupture, but little is known regarding post-procedural vasospasm and its consequences. We relate management of post-procedural vasospasm found in cardiovascular literature on this rare post-procedural intracranial complication. Case description A 52-year-old man develops ischaemic strokes after undergoing posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stent-assisted coil embolization of BTA. Work-up suggested that vasospasm was the cause of his strokes. What is new and conclusion Vasospasm after intracranial stenting may share similar pathophysiological features to coronary stenting, resulting in ischaemia. Verapamil should be considered an empiric therapy in prevention of stent-related vasospasm.
The Effects of Repetition of Refutational and Supportive Advertising Appeals

A laboratory experiment compared the effects of repetition of refutational and supportive advertising appeals. When respondents were segmented on the basis of product class experience, several sign...
The Development of Party Identification among Adults: Exploration of a Functional Model

This article proposes a model for the systematic development of adults' party identification, based on voters' need for a way to handle difficult electoral decisions. Several variables are noted which should heighten this need, thus making it more likely that voters will develop party identification. The model is partially tested, in an exploratory way, by analysis of panel data from the United States and Britain, and by cohort analysis of United States elections from 1952 to 1976. I develop the following implications of the model: (1) the “life-cycle” process by which party identification increases with age may be largely a function of difficulty in meeting information costs; (2) the process by which party identification, once it exists, becomes stronger appears to differ from the process by which voters move from independence to identification; (3) class-consciousness, in the presence of class parties, may obviate the need for direct identification with parties; (4) the American electorate appears increasingly to be one in which political change may occur regularly, rather than through the fitful process of realignment.
Analysis on influenza surveillance and antibody level of healthy people in Longgang district of Shenzhen

To analyze the etiology and antibody level of influenza in Longgang District in recent years,and to provide information for the further prevention and control.The etiology and serological surveillance of influenza were analyzed through the influenza surveillance system.The positive rate of isolation of influenza virus in 2007(1.08%)was lower than 2009(6.68%)(χ2=13.03,P=0.000).The positive rates of antibodies against H1N1,H3N2,BY and BV in healthy people in 2007 were 60.5%,82.1%,59.3%,50.2% respectively,and the rates were higher than in 2010(36.2%,37.6%,40.2%,21.9%,37.6%).The differences of the positive rates between 2007 and 2010 had a statistical significance.The positive rates of antibodies against H3N2 and BV were the highest and the lowest respectively,among two years.Antigenic variation and antibody level surveillance of influenza should be enhanced to prevent the influenza pandemic.The surveillance should be strengthened to people who under the age of 5 years old and over 20 years old.
Chinese Soft Power and Immigration Reform: Can Beijing’s Approach to Pursuing Global Talent and Maintaining Domestic Stability Succeed?

During the past few years, the Chinese government has enacted laws and issued regulations to attract foreign talent, facilitate the return of skilled Chinese nationals and better regulate the entry, residence and employment of foreigners. China is quickly becoming a “new immigration country,” with all the political, economic, and social challenges that entails. This article examines the strategic and policy approaches of China’s recent immigration reform within the context of Chinese soft power. It reviews China’s new immigration laws, policies and practices, and analyzes how immigration reform fits into the new generation of Chinese leaders’ agenda of deepening and broadening China’s post-Mao reform. The article also explicates how key changes in China’s new immigration laws and regulations demonstrate that China is entering the global competition for talent while at the same time that its authoritarian government is attempting to maintain domestic stability by improving immigration-related social management.
Free-Standing Self-Assemblies of Gallium Nitride Nanoparticles: A Review

Gallium nitride (GaN) is an III-V semiconductor with a direct band-gap of 3 . 4 e V . GaN has important potentials in white light-emitting diodes, blue lasers, and field effect transistors because of its super thermal stability and excellent optical properties, playing main roles in future lighting to reduce energy cost and sensors to resist radiations. GaN nanomaterials inherit bulk properties of the compound while possess novel photoelectric properties of nanomaterials. The review focuses on self-assemblies of GaN nanoparticles without templates, growth mechanisms of self-assemblies, and potential applications of the assembled nanostructures on renewable energy.
Objective Sleep Duration Is Prospectively Associated With Endothelial Health.

Study Objectives The mechanisms linking short sleep duration to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial dysregulation may lie along the causal pathway linking sleep duration to cardiovascular risk, although current evidence in humans is based on cross-sectional studies. Our objective was to evaluate the prospective association between objectively assessed sleep duration and clinical indices of endothelial health. Methods A total of 141 medically healthy adults underwent an overnight laboratory sleep study when they were between the ages of 21 and 60 years. Total sleep time was objectively assessed by polysomnography at study entry. Endothelial health, including brachial artery diameter (BAD) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), was measured 18.9 ± 4.6 years later. Medical health and psychiatric status were assessed at both time points. Approximately half of the sample had a lifetime history of major depressive disorder. Results In univariate analyses, shorter sleep duration was associated with increased BAD (β = -0.24, p = .004) and decreased FMD (β = 0.17, p = .042). BAD, but not FMD, remained significantly associated with sleep duration after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) at T2. The association between sleep duration and BAD was stronger than the association between BAD and an aggregate measure of CVD risk including three or more of the following risk factors: male sex, age ≥ 65 years, smoker, BMI ≥ 30, diabetes, hypertension, and MDD. Conclusions Objectively assessed short sleep duration was prospectively associated with increased BAD over a 12- to 30-year period.
Do Tax Directors Face Consequences from Tax Avoidance

I examine the association between tax avoidance and tax director turnover. Specifically, I hand collect the names of tax directors and explore whether tax directors face consequences from making certain tax avoidance decisions. This unique dataset allows me to examine the tax director, who is directly responsible for taxes, which are one of the most significant accounts, and who prior literature has largely ignored due to a lack of availability of data. I find evidence that the tax director is more likely to face consequences, as measured by turnover, when their firm’s effective tax rate is higher than the industry median’s effective tax rate and when the effective tax rate is volatile. Accordingly, these results provide an understanding of the consequences of tax directors’ tax avoidance decisions. In supplemental analysis, I examine samples of firms that engaged in aggressive tax avoidance, had tax-related restatements and had tax-related internal control weaknesses. I do not find evidence that tax directors face consequences, as measured by turnover, compared to a set of matched tax directors for any of the supplemental tests. Overall, these findings suggest that tax directors face consequences related to middle range tax avoidance decisions but do not face consequences from very aggressive tax avoidance and GAAP-related tax decisions.
Guided-Mode Resonance Biosensors: Quantifying the Binding of Neuropeptide Y to its Antibody

We apply the guided-mode resonance sensor principle to record peptide binding dynamics. In particular, we conveniently and expeditiously quantify anti-NPY binding to NeutrAvidin and then NPY binding to anti-NPY.
TEM characterization of irradiated microstructure of Fe-9%Cr ODS and ferritic-martensitic alloys

Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of irradiation dose and dose rate on defect cluster (i.e. dislocation loops and voids) evolution in a model Fe-9%Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel and commercial ferritic-martensitic steels HCM12A and HT9. Complimentary irradiations using Fe2+ ions, protons, or neutrons to doses ranging from 1 to 100 displacements per atom (dpa) at 500 °C are conducted on each alloy. The irradiated microstructures are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dislocation loops exhibit limited growth after 1 dpa upon Fe2+ and proton irradiation, while any voids observed are small and sparse. The average size and number density of loops are statistically invariant between Fe2+, proton, and neutron irradiated specimens at otherwise fixed irradiation conditions of ∼3 dpa, 500 °C. Therefore, we conclude that higher dose rate charged particle irradiations can reproduce the neutron irradiated loop microstructure with temperature shift governed by the invariance theory; this temperature shift is ∼0 °C for the high sink strength alloys studied herein.
Role of NAADP for Calcium Signaling in the Salivary Gland

Coordination of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in parotid acini is crucial for controlling the secretion of primary saliva. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated acidic-organelle Ca2+ release as a participant in agonist-evoked signaling dynamics of the parotid acinar cell. Furthermore, results implicated a potential role for the potent Ca2+ releasing second messenger NAADP in these events. The current study interrogated a direct role of NAADP for Ca2+ signaling in the parotid salivary gland acinar cell. Use of live-cell Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp methods, and confocal microscopy revealed for the first time NAADP can evoke or enhance Ca2+ dynamics in parotid acini. These results were compared with pancreatic acini, a morphologically similar cell type previously shown to display NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals. Findings presented here may be relevant in establishing new therapeutic targets for those suffering from xerostomia produced by hypofunctioning salivary glands.
River Flow Impacts Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Surface Sediments in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Meiobenthic community structure in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been shown to be driven by geographical differences due to inshore–offshore gradients and location relative to river discharge. Samples collected along three transects spanning Mobile Bay, Alabama, showed significant differences in meiobenthic communities east of the bay compared to those sampled from the west. In contrast, analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities from the same sediment samples shows that the inshore–offshore gradient has minimal impact on their community structure. Significant differences in community structure were observed for Bacteria and Archaea between the east and west samples, but there was no difference in richness or diversity. Grouped by sediment type, higher richness was observed in silty samples compared to sandy samples. Significant differences were also observed among sediment types for community structure with bacteria communities in silty samples having more anaerobic sulfate reducers compared to aerobic heterotrophs, which had higher abundances in sandy sediments. This is likely due to increased organic matter in the silty sediments from the overlying river leading to low oxygen habitats. Most archaeal sequences represented poorly characterized high-level taxa, limiting interpretation of their distributions. Overlap between groups based on transect and sediment characteristics made determining which factor is more important in structuring bacterial and archaeal communities difficult. However, both factors are driven by discharge from the Mobile River. Although inshore–offshore gradients do not affect Bacteria or Archaea to the same extent as the meiobenthic communities, all three groups are strongly affected by sediment characteristics.
Perspective and Direction for Future Developments on Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases are mediated by synergistic action of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and misfolding and deposition of specific proteins in the brain tissue (Fig. 10.1) (Farooqui, 2009a). Among neurotraumatic diseases, the onset of stroke may be modulated by age, genes, diet, and lifestyle. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are caused by mechanical insults to the spinal cord and brain tissues (Farooqui and Horrocks, 2007), whereas stroke is a metabolic insult induced by severe reduction or blockade in cerebral blood flow. In contrast, neurodegenerative diseases occur in familial and sporadic forms. Familial mutations play an important role in protein misfolding and aggregation, but the majority of cases of neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic, indicating that other factors namely age, diet, lifestyle may also contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (Farooqui and Horrocks, 2007).
Sex Differences in Peer Selection and Socialization for Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood and the Influence of Marital and Parental Status.

Background Peer selection and socialization influences for alcohol and other substance use have been a prominent area of research especially, though not exclusively, across adolescence. This study used 4-wave prospective data from 1,004 young adults to evaluate selection and socialization influences for young adults' alcohol use and friends' alcohol use from late adolescence to later young adulthood, and incorporated the time-varying predictors of marital and parental status. In addition, sex differences in peer selection and socialization processes were tested. Methods Participants were recruited from high schools, and assessments were based on self-reports initially collected in adolescence (at age 17.0 years) via paper-and-pencil surveys and in young adulthood at ages 23.8, 28.9, and 33.5 years via computer-based individual interviews (computer-assisted personal interview and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing). Initial sampling included a 76% participation rate, and the retention rate was 83%. Cross-lagged panel regression models were used to evaluate hypotheses about peer selection and socialization. Results Findings indicated that friend selection processes were stronger than socialization processes across adolescence to young adulthood. Adopting marital and (especially) parental roles was negatively associated with young adults' alcohol use and percentage of friends using alcohol, and the magnitude of these relationships was stronger and more consistent for females. Conclusions These findings indicated that across the adolescence-to-young adulthood transition, peer selection processes were more influential than peer socialization. Marital and parental roles were associated with both lower young adult alcohol use and a lower percentage of friends using alcohol, with stronger role-related effects for females relative to males.
Prevention of Postoperative Wound Infections

Surgery creates most hospital infections, injuries, accidents, invalidity and death in the global healthcare system. The number of surgically treated patients per year is high and increasing.
A Parent-focused Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program: Development, Acceptability, and Feasibility

Child sexual abuse (CSA) affects nearly 60,000 children in the U.S. annually. Although prevention efforts targeting adults in the community and school-aged children have been somewhat successful, there is a clear gap in the current prevention efforts: parents. Generalized parent-education (PE) programs have effectively reduced the rates of physical abuse and neglect; however, currently no PE program targets risk factors for CSA specifically. We sought to develop a brief parent-focused CSA prevention module to be added onto existing PE programs thereby leveraging the skills and implementation infrastructure to ensure sustainability. In three phases, we developed the curriculum, refined content and presentation while simultaneously developing and psychometrically evaluating a measurement tool, and conducted an acceptability and feasibility pilot. These phases are described in detail such that intervention scientists wishing to develop a module to be added onto existing programs can follow our procedures. The results of each phase are described so that the reader can see how information gleaned in one part of a phase informed subsequent phases of research. This was an iterative process of development, refinement, and piloting. The resultant parent-focused CSA prevention module is designed to be added onto extant evidence-based PE programs. The module, and the additive approach of the intervention, will be evaluated in a future randomized controlled trial.
Nanoscale regulation of L-type calcium channels differentiates between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies.

Abstract Background Subcellular localization and function of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) play an important role in regulating contraction of cardiomyocytes. Understanding how this is affected by the disruption of transverse tubules during heart failure could lead to new insights into the disease. Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from healthy donor hearts, as well as from patients with cardiomyopathies and with left ventricular assist devices. Scanning ion conductance and confocal microscopy was used to study membrane structures in the cells. Super-resolution scanning patch-clamp was used to examine LTCC function in different microdomains. Computational modeling predicted the impact of these changes to arrhythmogenesis at the whole-heart level. Findings We showed that loss of structural organization in failing myocytes leads to re-distribution of functional LTCCs from the T-tubules to the sarcolemma. In ischemic cardiomyopathy, the increased LTCC open probability in the T-tubules depends on the phosphorylation by protein kinase A, whereas in dilated cardiomyopathy, the increased LTCC opening probability in the sarcolemma results from enhanced phosphorylation by calcium-calmodulin kinase II. LVAD implantation corrected LTCCs pathophysiological activity, although it did not improve their distribution. Using computational modeling in a 3D anatomically-realistic human ventricular model, we showed how LTCC location and activity can trigger heart rhythm disorders of different severity. Interpretation Our findings demonstrate that LTCC redistribution and function differentiate between disease aetiologies. The subcellular changes observed in specific microdomains could be the consequence of the action of distinct protein kinases. Funding This work was supported by NIH grant (ROI-HL 126802 to NT-JG) and British Heart Foundation (grant RG/17/13/33173 to JG, project grant PG/16/17/32069 to RAC). Funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing of the report
The effect of welding ultraviolet on the antioxidant function and DNA of workers

Objective: To explore the skin damage, oxidative damage and DNA damage of welding workers caused by ultra violet. Methods: From 1 May to 30 June 2017, 125 welding workers were selected as the contact group, which was divided into 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-year-working age groups with 25 workers in each group and 25 healthy volunteers as the control group. The workers in the contact group were investigated with questionnaires on the distribution and wearing of protective equipment; the subjects in the two groups were examined in dermatology, and the peripheral blood was collected to detect the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and DNA damage of mononuclear cells, and the influence of ultraviolet on the above indexes was analyzed. Results: The distribution rates of welding mask, dust mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 96.0% (120/125) , 98.4% (123/125) , respectively, and the distribution rates of welding gloves were 64.8% (81/125) ; the wearing rates of welding mask and goggles were 100.0% (125/125) , 90.4% (113/125) , and the wearing rates of dust mask and welding gloves were 89.6% (112/125) and 64.0% (80/125) , respectively. The acute skin injuries such as hand and face peeling and skin pruritus were serious in the 2-year-working age group, and the chronic skin injuries such as insensitive and numbness and verrucous vegetations were the main manifestations in the 10-year-working age group. Compared with the control group, T-AOC in peripheral blood of workers exposed to 6, 8 and 10 years decreased significantly, and DNA content in comet tail of workers exposed to various working years increased significantly (P<0.05) , while DNA content in comet tail increased with working years (F=1501.130, P<0.05) . Conclusion: UV welding can cause skin damage, reduce the antioxidant capacity of the body, and increase DNA damage with the increase of working age.
Hypocrisy is Vicious, Value-Expressing Inconsistency

Hypocrisy is a ubiquitous feature of moral and political life, and accusations of hypocrisy a ubiquitous feature of moral and political discourse. Yet it has been curiously under-theorized in analytic philosophy. Fortunately, the last decade has seen a boomlet of articles that address hypocrisy in order to explain and justify conditions on the so-called “standing” to blame (Wallace 2010; Friedman 2013; Bell 2013; Todd 2017; Herstein 2017; Roadevin 2018; Fritz and Miller 2018). Nevertheless, much of this more recent literature does not adequately address the question, “what is hypocrisy?” In this paper, I develop and defend an account of hypocrisy as vicious, value-expressing inconsistency. I show how this account solves some traditional and some novel philosophical puzzles concerning hypocrisy and affords a deeper understanding of the features of hypocrisy emphasized by other prominent accounts.
Inversion and Complementarity in ‘Two in One’

This article applies the theoretical coordinates of inversion and 'cultural cannibalism' to Myles na Gopaleen's 1954 short story ‘Two in One’ to open it up as a multivalent parable that sustains several interrelated layers of meaning – biographical, political, aesthetic, cultural – each of which shares in the common element of an intense ambivalence. After exploring these themes by submitting 'Two in One' to queer and postcolonial readings, the article focuses on the story as a cultural parable that reflects Brian O’Nolan’s position as an Irish writer at mid-century, including his literary 'incorporations' of James Joyce. Ultimately, it is argued that in its striking imagery of taxidermy and cannibalism, ‘Two in One’ expresses the combination of strongly antithetical viewpoints that operates in such works of cultural transfer.To read the article, click Download or View PDF.
The emerging role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are common and diverse, and they can affect nearly any organ system. Much of the pathogenesis of these diseases is related to dysregulated cytokine activity. Historically, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have been treated with medications that nonspecifically suppress the immune system. mAbs that block the action of pathogenic cytokines emerged 2 decades ago and have become widely useful. More recently, agents that simultaneously block multiple pathogenic cytokines via inhibition of the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway have emerged and are becoming increasingly important. These small-molecule inhibitors, collectively termed JAK inhibitors, are US Food and Drug Administration–approved in a few autoimmune/inflammatory disorders and are being evaluated in many others. Here, we review the biology of the JAK–signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and the use of JAK inhibitors to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases across medical subspecialties.
T T ¯ deformation of random matrices

We define and study the $T\overline{T}$ deformation of a random matrix model: showing a consistent definition requires the inclusion of both the perturbative and the nonperturbative solutions to the flow equation. The deformed model is well defined for arbitrary values of the coupling, exhibiting a phase transition for the critical value in which the spectrum complexifies. The transition is between a single- and a double-cut phase, typically third order and in the same universality class as the Gross-Witten transition in lattice gauge theory. The $T\overline{T}$ deformation of a double scaled model is more subtle and complicated, and we are not able to give a compelling definition, although we discuss obstacles and possible alternatives. Quantitative comparisons with finite cutoff Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity are presented.
Far-infrared absorption of undoped and Br-doped carbon nanofiber powder in stacked-cup cone configuration

We performed room-temperature far-infrared ($40--650\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) transmission measurements on undoped and bromine-doped powder samples of carbon nanofibers in stacked-cup cone geometry. The transmission spectra show enhanced transmittance after bromine doping and all spectra were fit to a Drude-Lorentz (DL) model. A decreased metallic conductivity along with a redshift of the lowest semiconducting gap was found with doped samples. A significant decrease in the scattering rate upon heavy doping has been qualitatively explained as partial ordering of intercalated dopant ions. Absorption spectra were derived from the transmission spectra under the assumption of nondispersive reflectance and subsequently compared with DL-model-derived spectra. The free-carrier density of the $n$-type powder and the electronic mean free path were estimated and compared with reported values for single-walled nanotubes and pyrolytic graphite.
Survival in Middle Ear Malignancy: A Population-Based Analysis Based on the SEER Database

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and survival outcomes of patients with middle ear malignancies at a population level.Study DesignRetrospective cohort stu...
Surgery for Ventricular Tachycardia

The treatment of drug-refractory chronic ventricular tachycardia (VT) has undergone a revolution over the last 50 years. We now have automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy with pace-terminating capabilities, and catheter ablation of VT has refined mapping and improved methods of lesion generation. Between 1980 and 1993, Houston Methodist Hospital became a leader in the diagnosis and surgical ablation of VT and other arrhythmias. This is a brief account of that period and some of the experiences and lessons that have led to significant advances used today.
Evaluation of the GE Foundation-Supported Coaching & Demonstration Schools Initiative in Erie Public Schools, SY 2012-2013

This evaluation report summarizes the evidence of the implementation and early impacts of the General Electric Foundation’s (GEF) Demonstration Schools Initiative in the Erie Public School district (EPS) conducted by the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE) during the 2012-2013 school year. The Demonstration Schools Initiative provided intensive support to four schools (two elementary, one middle, and one high) implementing the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in mathematics and English language arts. Concurrently during the 20122013 school year, EPS also continued their implementation of another GEF-supported initiative— the Coaching Initiative—using a cadre of instructional coaches in mathematics, science, and ELA for the other schools in the district. In both the Coaching and Demonstration School Initiatives, instructional coaches are key agents of change. Their function is to target and customize the support needed at the building, grade, and teacher levels to shift teachers’ understanding and practice to align to the CCSS. For the Demonstration Schools Initiative, coaches also focused much of their time trying to develop professional learning communities (PLCs) within their schools. This evaluation was designed to answer three overarching questions: 1. Did teachers in the Demonstration Schools gain more knowledge of the CCSS as a result of their participation in the GEF-supported initiative? 2. What were the impacts of the initiative for the teachers in the GEFFoundation supported Demonstration Schools compared to the rest of the district? 3. How did teachers perceive their respective coaches throughout the district? Disciplines Curriculum and Instruction | Educational Administration and Supervision | Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Educational Leadership | Educational Methods | Teacher Education and Professional Development Comments View on the CPRE website. This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_workingpapers/10 CONSORTIUM FOR POLICY RESEARCH IN EDUCATION August 2011 GE Foundation Developing FuturesTM in Education evaluation series Evaluation of the GE FoundationSupported Coaching & Demonstration Schools Initiative in Erie Public Schools, SY 2012-2013 Jonathan Supovitz Cecile Sam Bobbi Newman Anne Darfler W O R K I N G PA P E R
Food and Condiments For the Twenty-First Century: Business, Science, and Policy

We are in the midst of a paradigm shift in the food industry. People are more closely examining the impact of food not only on their health and wellness but also on the environment. Some are also concerned about the relationship between food and animal welfare as well as resource scarcities. Big food conglomerates face competition from upstart rivals.The for-profit companies profiled in this work, Nu-tek Food Science, Lyrical Foods, Hampton Creek, Beyond Meat, Impossible Foods, Modern Meadow, and Rosa Labs, are leading the reinvention of condiments and food. Although picking winners and also-rans represents a difficult endeavor, some of these firms will emerge to successfully challenge less nimble food conglomerates. Sustainable, profitable, and scalable companies that create better products will gain market share and ultimately win out, at least among more discerning consumers.As scientists and entrepreneurs seek to rework our relationship with animals and the planet, policy issues run throughout this work. These include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's standards for products as well as the regulation of cultured meat. The possible consolidation of the U.S. food safety inspection system into one federal agency is also considered.Funders evidence an interest in these non-traditional food startups. A group of major venture capital firms have made a variety of big bets on these firms. Tech billionaires are also in the game. These investments have given the alternative food industry a tremendous shot of creditability.
Accuracy of models of hmF2 used for long-term trend analyses

[1] One of the largest expected ionospheric effects of the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is a decrease in the height of the F2 region peak density, hmF2, by ∼20 km. Analyses of long-term trends of hmF2 in historical data to confirm this change must rely on models of hmF2 based on a limited number of ionogram characteristics, because a full analysis of historical analog (pre–digital age) ionograms to derive the plasma frequency profiles and hmF2 was a tedious and usually rare procedure. This paper discusses the accuracy of three models/formulas of hmF2 that have been used for long-term trend studies, namely (1) the simple parabolic model, which sets hmF2 equal to the ionogram virtual height at 0.834 foF2, (2) the Dudeney (1974, 1983) model, and (3) the Bilitza et al. (1979) model. The models have been validated using ionograms calculated from plasma frequency profiles given by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The best model would be the one with the smallest seasonal and solar cycle variations in the errors, even if it has a systematic error. Analysis of the errors (relative to the IRI) in the three models shows that all three are useful, but at different times of day.
Accessing News Video Libraries through Dynamic Information Extraction, Summarization, and Visualization

The Informedia Project has developed and evaluated surrogates, summary interfaces, and visualizations for accessing a digital video library containing thousands of documents and terabytes of data. This chapter begins with a review of Informedia surrogates for a single video document, including titles, storyboards, and skims. Incorporating textual elements, considering user context and emphasizing phrases over words have all led to better video surrogates. These lessons have driven the development of direct manipulation interfaces and visualization strategies for exploring news video libraries. Summarization strategies employed in the Informedia Project for sets of broadcast news video documents are discussed, concluding with the research challenges in building visual interfaces from vast quantities of image data and imperfect automatic video processing.
Heart Development and T‐box Transcription Factors: Lessons from Avian Embryos

Abstract Members of the T‐box (Tbx) family of transcription factors have diverse regulatory functions in the developing heart and are associated with several human genetic syndromes that include cardiac malformations. Studies in chicken embryos and other animal model systems have been used to define T‐box gene regulatory networks important for heart formation with parallels in limb outgrowth and patterning. In the heart, T‐box gene regulatory networks function in early cardiac lineage diversification and morphogenesis as well as in valvuloseptal development and conduction system maturation. These regulatory networks include inductive interactions with developmentally important signaling pathways and regulation of downstream target gene expression in complexes with other cardiac transcription factors. An additional feature of cardiac T‐box gene networks is complex regulatory relationships among multiple T‐box genes expressed in a given cell type. The focus of this chapter is T‐box family members and the regulatory networks that control diverse aspects of heart development with particular emphasis on experimental embryological approaches in the chicken model system.
Context-aware tracking of moving objects for distance keeping

We propose a robust object tracking algorithm for distance keeping. Taking advantage of a context-based region of interest, we are able to maximize the performance of each sensor, and reduce the computation time since we only focus on the targets inside the region. Tracking targets in road coordinates enables finding the distance-keeping target on any curved road, while a commercial Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system works best on straight roads. We demonstrate that the overall performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of a commercial ACC system. The distance-keeping target can either be used for lane following for a standalone ACC system or an autonomous vehicle. Our object tracking algorithm can also be extended to find the target of interest for lane changing or ramp merging for an autonomous vehicle.
Classical dual-inverted-pendulum control

A cart with two independent inverted pendula, called a dual-inverted-pendulum system, is analyzed and compared to the single-inverted-pendulum system using classical linear methods. Using only the angles of the pendula and the position of the cart, a classical controller is designed that stabilizes the pendula in the inverted position with the cart at the center of the track. Simulations of the transient response to initial conditions are presented. Intuitive reasoning and an insightful approach to the control design are major emphases of this effort.
Incremental multiple concept learning using experiments

The learning method presented here is a general data-driven method that learns multiple discriminant disjunctive descriptions incrementally from experiments assuming perfect classifications. New points are selected for classification by the environment based on the current concept descriptions. Unlike previous methods for acquiring concepts, attributes with finite unordered and infinite totally-ordered domains are integrated into a uniform framework in which concept descriptions are not only constrained by negative examples, but, more importantly, by the current descriptions of other the classes.
How to Rule Out Disjunctive Properties

Are there disjunctive properties? This question is important for at least two reasons. First, disjunctive properties are invoked in defense of certain philosophical theories, especially in the philosophy of mind. Second, the question raises the prior issue of what counts as a genuine property, a central concern in the metaphysics of properties. I argue here, on the basis of general considerations in the metaphysics of properties, that there are no disjunctive properties. Specifically, I argue that genuine properties must guarantee similarity-in-a-respect among their instances, and must inhere in their bearers (two notions to be clarified). Disjunctive properties would fail both requirements. I compare the case of disjunctive properties with �mere Cambridge properties,� determinable properties, and functional properties, and show how my conception of properties remains compatible with determinables and functional properties while ruling out disjunctive and mere Cambridge properties.
Interferon-γ induced expression of MHC antigens facilitates identification of donor cells in chimeric transplant recipients

After whole organ transplantation, donor bone marrow-derived cells migrate out of the graft into the recipient, leading to establishment of chimerism, which is the first step towards the subsequent induction of donor-specific tolerance. In routine immunohistochemical staining, monoclonal antibodies specific for heterotopic MHC alleles are used to identify donor and recipient cells. However, it is difficult to detect these cells using this technique in long-term allograft recipients who have a persistently low donor cell population (microchimerism). Because Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is known to induce expression of MHC class I and class II cell surface molecules, we used this cytokine 12-48 h before sacrifice, to facilitate the identification of donor and recipient cells in the tissues of animals transplanted with either liver (B10-->C3H) or bone marrow (LEW-->BN). In long-term allograft recipients, the use of IFN-gamma for as briefly as 12 h prior to sacrifice, results in marked upregulation of class I and class II antigens, leading to easy identification of ubiquitously distributed low numbers of donor cells.
Chairman's corner

The Mineral Physics Committee is in its sixth year and my chairmanship will draw to an end at the AGU 1990 Spring Meeting. The Committee has agreed to recommend that Steve Kirby be appointed the next chairman. Steve, who is an experimentalist at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif., has contributed a great deal to our understanding of rock deformation and especially the role of phase transitions in the release of stored strain energy. He will be a very able leader who can strengthen our ties to sister disciplines.