cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peoples Temple, Jim Jones, and Black America

This paper explores the significance of the Peoples Temple social movement in the United States understood as a prefiguring of the post-Civil Rights era crisis in African American life, culture, and politics. The study explores the Peoples Temple movement and small holocaust in relationship to policy choices made in the immediate decade following the publication of Martin Luther King' last book, Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? Peoples Temple was an early development that forecast the "chaos" that was chosen over racial reconciliation, leading to an aftermath epitomized in the War on Drugs. The study presents primary source data assembled to assess the significance of the Peoples Temple movement to African American life in the decade following the death of Martin Lither King and the emergence of the War on Drugs in the United States.
Childhood Sexual Abuse in Adolescents Adjudicated for Sexual Offenses Mental Health Consequences and Sexual Offending Behaviors

Most studies on the mental health consequences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) focus predominantly on CSA survivors who do not commit sexual offenses. The current study examined the effects of CSA on 498 male adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses who represent the small portion of CSA survivors who engage in sexual offenses. The prevalence of internalizing symptoms, parental attachment difficulties, specific sexual offending behaviors, and risk for sexually offending were compared among participants with and without a history of CSA. Results indicated that participants with a history of CSA were more likely to be diagnosed with major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder than those who did not report a history of CSA. A history of CSA was also positively correlated with risk for sexually offending and with specific offense patterns and consensual sexual behaviors. No significant differences emerged on parental attachment difficulties. These results highlight that adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses with a history of CSA present with differences in sexual and psychological functioning as well as markedly different offending patterns when compared with those without a CSA history. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Experimental envenomization of hairless mice by Loxosceles arizonica Gertsch and Mulaik and Loxosceles devia Gertsch and Mulaik (Araneae: Scytodidae).

Concern about the toxic potential of various species of Loxosceles has increased recently as a result of well documented evidence of necrotic arachnidism in man caused by Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik and L. laeta (Nicolet). Several studies using different species of Loxosceles and several test subjects have been published. Keh (1968, J. Med. Ent. 5 (4): 495–47) described necrotic arachnidism in rabbits caused by L. unicolor Keyserling. Russell et al. (1969, Toxicon 7: 109–17) list several reports of necrotic arachnidism of humans caused by L. arizonica Gertsch & Mulaik and L. unicolor. Under laboratory conditions they observed similar effects on rabbits receiving induced bites from females of both species. Grothaus (1968, Tech. Monogr. U. S. Navy Dis. Vector Center 1 (1): 1–65) found that dermal necrosis in CD-1 white mice caused by L. reclusa was minimal, but systemic reactions were severe. In Zealand white rabbits he found extensive dermal necrosis. To add to the indications of toxicity of species of Loxosceles , we tested L. arizonica and L. devia Gertsch & Mulaik on hairless mice. These mice were female offspring of a cross between HR/CH (hairless) and C57BL/1 or C3H parents.
Perspectives on Aging and the Elderly in the Hebrew Bible

The texts in the Hebrew Bible dealing with old age and the elderly should be understood in light of multiple contexts—the socioeconomic settings of real life in ancient Israel; the material indicat...
When Should Environmental Awareness Be a Policy Goal

Since the 1970s, governments have increasingly sought to achieve greater environmental awareness among their citizens using “soft” policy instruments like education and pro-social campaigns. The assumption has been that greater awareness among populations would result in changes in individuals’ behaviors, and reduce aggregate effects of environmental degradation in ways that could not easily be addressed through “hard” regulatory or economic instruments. Decades later, governments still invest in environmental campaigns and education, but the evidence for their effects on material improvements to the environment and societal benefits is not always clear. This chapter addresses why this is the case and categorizes the conditions under which governments may be most likely to find environmental awareness to be a rational target in pursuit of improvements in environmental conditions, and society may be most able to meet these challenges.
Evidence-based Medicine in Facial Plastic Surgery: Current State and Future Directions

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) encompasses the evaluation and application of best available evidence, incorporation of clinical experience, and emphasis on patient preference and values. Different scales are used to rate levels of evidence. Translating available data for interventions to clinical practice guidelines requires an assessment of both the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation. Essential to the practice of EBM is evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention through outcome measures. This article discusses principles essential to EBM, resources commonly used in EBM practice, and the strengths and limitations of EBM in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Steric effects and aurophilic interactions in crystals of Au2(μ-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)X2 and Au2(μ-1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane)X2 (X = Cl, Br, I)

Abstract Crystals in the isostructural series Au2(μ-dppe)X2 (dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, X = Cl, Br, I) form centrosymmetric, dimeric structures with two short Au⋯Au contacts between the component molecules. We found no evidence for a second polymorph for any member of the Au2(μ-dppe)X2 series, although two polymorphs were observed previously for the related Au2(Ph2As(CH2)2AsPh2)X2 series. Crystals of Au2(μ-dcpe)X2 (where dcpe is 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) show structures that differ appreciably from those of Au2(μ-dppe)X2. The bulky cyclohexyl substituents appear to be playing a major role in eliminating the formation of polymeric or dimeric structures. Au2(μ-dcpe)Cl2 has a monomeric structure without aurophilic interactions. In contrast, Au2(μ-dcpe)Br2 and Au2(μ-dcpe)I2 have similar structures with intramolecular aurophilic interactions. Au2(μ-dcpe)I2 displays a form of aggregation-induced emission. It displays a red-pink luminescence in crystalline form but is non-emissive in solution.
The Measurement of Bacterial Attachment to Surfaces in Static Systems

There have been many laboratory studies that have attempted to measure the adhesive properties of bacteria or their attachment to solid surfaces in laboratory systems. Many of these investigations have used “static” systems, which were still or gently agitated and where there was no directional flow. (Flow cell systems for evaluating adhesion are dealt with elsewhere in this volume.) These static system studies have employed a variety of designs, using numerous types of bacteria, substrata, and environmental conditions. They have usually been carried out in order to evaluate (a) the adhesiveness of specific bacteria, (b) the suitability of particular materials as attachment substrata, or (c) the influence of environmental factors on the attachment process. Some laboratory procedures can also be applied to studies in natural environments (e.g. water, soil, water delivery systems, cooling towers), but they must first be validated in the laboratory. Such methods include microcosopy, analysis of biochemical markers, and nucleic acid hybridization.
Poor outcomes associated with +der(22)t(9;22) and -9/9p in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor

In patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), the prognostic impact of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) is not well-established. We evaluated the prognostic impact of individual ACAs in 152 patients with Ph+ ALL receiving first-line intensive chemotherapy plus either imatinib (n=36), dasatinib (n=74) or ponatinib (n=42). ACAs were identified in 118 patients (78%). Compared to outcomes of patients without ACAs, ACAs were not associated with differences in either relapse-free survival (RFS; P=0.42) or overall survival (OS; P=0.51). When individual ACAs were evaluated, +der(22)t(9;22) and/or -9/9p in the absence of high hyperdiploidy (HeH) was present in 16% of patients and constituted a poor-risk ACA group. Patients with 1 or more poor-risk ACA in the absence of HeH had significantly shorter RFS (5-year RFS rate 33% versus 59%, P=0.01) and OS (5-year OS rate 24% versus 63%, P=0.003). Poor-risk ACAs were prognostic in patients who received imatinib and dasatinib but not in those who received ponatinib. By multivariate analysis, this poor-risk ACA group was independently associated with worse RFS (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.08-3.30], P=0.03) and OS (HR 2.02 [95% CI 1.10-3.71], P=0.02). Patients with Ph+ ALL who have +der(22)t(9;22) and/or -9/9p in the absence of HeH have relatively poor outcomes when treated with chemotherapy plus a TKI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Asymmetric Alkylation of Anthrones, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)- and (+)-Viridicatumtoxins B and Analogues Thereof: Absolute Configuration and Potent Antibacterial Agents

A phase transfer catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of anthrones with cyclic allylic bromides using quinidine- or quinine-derived catalysts is described. Utilizing mild basic conditions and as low as 0.5 mol % catalyst loading, and achieving up to >99:1 dr selectivity, this asymmetric reaction was successfully applied to produce enantioselectively (−)- and (+)-viridicatumtoxins B, and thus allowed assignment of the absolute configuration of this naturally occurring antibiotic. While the developed asymmetric synthesis of C10 substituted anthrones is anticipated to find wider applications in organic synthesis, its immediate application to the construction of a variety of designed enantiopure analogues of viridicatumtoxin B led to the discovery of highly potent, yet simpler analogues of the molecule. These studies are expected to facilitate drug discovery and development efforts toward new antibacterial agents.
Neurophysiology of Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons: Modulation by GABA

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the basic anatomy of the SN and the morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons and the control of these neurons by gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)ergic inputs. The normal functioning of nigrostriatal DA neurons is crucial to a large array of behaviors ranging from voluntary motor function to higher cognitive processes. This remarkable variety of functions is even more impressive when one considers how few SN DA neurons there are relative to the striatum. It suggests that while the cellular mechanisms capable of generating the different firing patterns seen in vivo are intrinsic, afferent input is required to manifest the different firing patterns. The most numerous afferents to nigral DA neurons are GABAergic, and manipulation of GABA receptors on nigrostriatal neurons, principally GABAA receptors, produces dramatic effects on firing pattern, and more modest effects on firing rate, in vivo. The GABA afferent that seems to be most efficacious at modulating the firing pattern of nigrostriatal neurons comes from the axon collaterals of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) projection neuron. Many or most of the afferents to SN contact both the DA and the GABA neurons, providing the basis for a complex series of mono- and polysynaptic responses to both excitatory and inhibitory afferents.
Frontiers of Coupled Cluster Chiroptical Response Theory

We review the current state and future prospects of coupled cluster response theory for modeling chiroptical properties in both gas-phase and solvated systems. We first provide an overview of ground-state coupled cluster theory and the analytic derivative approach to computing time-independent properties, and then extend this to time-dependent perturbations. Through the well-established “quasi-energy” approach, we demonstrate the connection between the analytic derivative and response approaches, emphasizing the usefulness of the latter for frequency-dependent chiroptical properties. In addition, we review successes of response theory in the prediction of gas-phase specific rotations and electronic circular dichroism spectra for small molecules and the physical requirements of a robust computational model of such properties. We also discuss the many challenges of extending this reliability to solvated systems through several key examples for which theory and experiment diverge significantly.
CivilServant: Community-Led Experiments in Platform Governance

As online platforms monitor and intervene in the daily lives of billions of people, platforms are being used to govern enduring social problems. Field experiments could inform wise uses of this power if tensions between democratic values and experimentation could be resolved. In this paper, we introduce CivilServant, a novel experimentation infrastructure that online communities and their moderators use to evaluate policies and replicate each others' findings. We situate CivilServant in the political history of policy experiments and present design considerations for community participation, ethics, and replication. Based on two case studies of community-led experiments and public debriefings on the reddit platform, we share findings on community deliberation about experiment results. We also report on uses of evidence, finding that experiments informed moderator practices, community policies, and replications by communities and platforms. We discuss the implications of these findings for evaluating platform governance in an open, democratic, experimenting society.
The effect of 3-indoleacetic acid on the response of Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5 to nicotinamide.

Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5 has been widely used as an assay organism for nicotinic acid (NA) since the development of the method by Snell and Wright (1). Although it has been realized that other substances present in tissue extracts may interfere with the bioassay, the nature of such substances has not been elucidated. During an investigation of tryptophan metabolism in the pea plant, we studied the possible conversion of this compound to nicotinic acid, since such a transformation has been demonstrated to occur in numerous organisms (2-4). The method involved infiltration of tissue with large quantities of tryptophan and subsequent bioassay for nicotinic acid with Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5. Certain anomalous results led us to believe that other metabolites of tryptophan were interfering with the assay. Because 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) is a known plant metabolite of tryptophan (5), we tested it for possible interference with the assay, and, as described below, found that such interference may occur under certain circumstances.
Institutional Bottlenecks: What Can Be Done?

Institutional bottlenecks refer to path-dependent institutional arrangements which contribute to economic stagnation. In his research, Timur Kuran identifies several historical institutional bottlenecks which contributed to economic decline and underdevelopment of the Middle East. We use Kuran’s research as springboard to ask: what can be done about institutional bottlenecks? To answer this question we draw on the work of F.A. Hayek who emphasized the centrality of institutions for social order and the limits on human reason in constructing a preferable state of affairs. We conclude that focus must be on the meta-rules through which the process of institutional evolution takes place. While we cannot know the specific outcomes of this evolutionary process ex ante, we can establish constraints to guide it. Reforms, therefore, should be focused on removing barriers to discovery instead of on selecting specific predefined end states.
Social Support — Insights From Assessment and Experimentation

Although the social support literature is growing rapidly, this field of inquiry like so many others is marked by fuzziness, a multitude of definitions of its major variables, and a lack of information about which characteristics are likely to be typical of those high or low in social support (Heller, 1983; Sarason, Sarason, Hacker & Basham, in press), Another unclear area concerns the effects of socially supportive interventions. What constitutes an effective supportive intervention? What are its important elements? Whom does it help? Is it helpful to everyone or only to those individuals who are lacking in social support?
RediFoam Immobilization System Technique for Stereotactic Body Radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery had been developed in the early sixties in Sweden, and recently adapted at Karolinska Institute to treat the inoperable neoplasms of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. The new method uses a specially designed stereotactic body frame, which is a device equipped with feducial markers. The patient is positioned inside the body frame with the area of interest within the boundaries of the feducial markers. These allow for the localization of the tumor to be treated and the exact positioning of an isocenter, which is essential for the successful administration of multiple treatments. The method for patient repositioning as suggested by the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm is the use of a vacuum bag, which although efficient in patient immobilization, has certain inherent risks. At Staten Island University Hospital we proposed to use a custom fitted rigid body mold. The material used is RediFoam Immobilization System, a two part MDI-based rigid urethane system. When the ingredients are properly mixed the chemical reaction results in a custom impression of the patients contours. Its rigid structure will not be altered by normal use thereby insuring patient immobilization and replication. The system allows to use a smaller number of SBF and provides substantial cost effectiveness.
Introduction G ( V , E )

In this first chapter, we give the interested reader an introduction to the basic research issues concerning queueing, blocking, and transportation networks. We discuss queueing and congestion, why, where, when, and how system tools can be best utilized. The key organizing elements of the chapter include but are not limited to the following: I. Representing a system with a queueing network G(V, E),. II. Analyzing a system’s performance with efficient algorithms f[G(V, E)]. III. Synthesizing a system with optimization procedures G(V, E)∗.
Activation of orexin system facilitates anesthesia emergence and pain control.

Orexin (also known as hypocretin) neurons in the hypothalamus play an essential role in sleep–wake control, feeding, reward, and energy homeostasis. The likelihood of anesthesia and sleep sharing common pathways notwithstanding, it is important to understand the processes underlying emergence from anesthesia. In this study, we investigated the role of the orexin system in anesthesia emergence, by specifically activating orexin neurons utilizing the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) chemogenetic approach. With injection of adeno-associated virus into the orexin-Cre transgenic mouse brain, we expressed the DREADD receptor hM3Dq specifically in orexin neurons and applied the hM3Dq ligand clozapine to activate orexin neurons. We monitored orexin neuronal activities by c-Fos staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recording and examined the consequence of orexin neuronal activation via EEG recording. Our results revealed that the orexin–DREADD mice with activated orexin neurons emerged from anesthesia with significantly shorter latency than the control mice. As an indication of reduced pain sensitivity, these orexin–DREADD mice took longer to respond to the 55 °C thermal stimuli in the hot plate test and exhibited significantly less frequent licking of the formalin-injected paw in the formalin test. Our study suggests that approaches to activate the orexin system can be beneficial in postoperative recovery.
Developing a Freely Accessible/Open Access Resource Management Policy at Duke University Libraries: A Case Study

Freely accessible and open access resources present unique challenges for librarians working with electronic resources. Due to the fact that many of these resources lack high-quality metadata or th...
Principles of weakly ordered domains in intermetallics: the cooperative effects of atomic packing and electronics in Fe2Al5.

Many complex intermetallic structures feature a curious juxtaposition of domains with strict 3D periodicity and regions of much weaker order or incommensurability. This article explores the basic principles leading to such arrangements through an investigation of the weakly ordered channels of Fe2Al5. It starts by experimentally confirming the earlier crystallographic model of the high-temperature form, in which nearly continuous columns of electron density corresponding to disordered Al atoms emerge. Then electronic structure calculations on ordered models are used to determine the factors leading to the formation of these columns. These calculations reveal electronic pseudogaps near 16 electrons/Fe atom, an electron concentration close to the Al-rich side of the phase's homogeneity range. Through a reversed approximation Molecular Orbital (raMO) analysis, these pseudogaps are correlated with the filling of 18-electron configurations on the Fe atoms with the support of isolobal σ Fe–Fe bonds. The resulting preference for 16 electrons/Fe requires a fractional number of Al atoms in the Fe2Al5 unit cell. Density functional theory–chemical pressure (DFT-CP) analysis is then applied to investigate how this nonstoichiometry is accommodated. The CP schemes reveal strong quadrupolar distributions on the Al atoms of the channels, suggestive of soft atomic motions along the undulating electron density observed in the Fourier map that allow the Al positions to shift easily in response to compositional changes. Such a combination of preferred electron counts tied to stoichiometry and continuous paths of CP quadrupoles could provide predictive indicators for the emergence of channels of disordered or incommensurately spaced atoms in intermetallic structures.
The ‘Dark Side’ of Psychological Ownership during Times of Change

ABSTRACTScholars have suggested that psychological ownership can have a ‘dark side’ in organizational contexts but have yet to fully explore its negative outcomes. In this paper, we argue that when...
The epistemic norm of inference and non-epistemic reasons for belief

There is an important disagreement in contemporary epistemology over the possibility of non-epistemic reasons for belief. Many epistemologists argue that non-epistemic reasons cannot be good or normative reasons for holding beliefs: non-epistemic reasons might be good reasons for a subject to bring herself to hold a belief, the argument goes, but they do not offer any normative support for the belief itself. Non-epistemic reasons, as they say, are just the wrong kind of reason for belief. Other epistemologists, however, argue that there can be cases where non-epistemic reasons directly offer normative support for the beliefs a subject holds. My aim in this paper is to remove an apparent obstacle for the view that there can be non-epistemic normative reasons for belief, by showing that the existence of non-epistemic reasons for belief does not conflict with epistemic standards for the assessment of inferences. More specifically, I aim to show that the following principles are compatible. Epistemic norm of inference (ENI): necessarily, for all subjects S and inferences I: I is a good inference for S only if S can gain a (doxastically) epistemically justified belief in I’s conclusion on the basis of I’s premises. Non-epistemic reasons for belief (NERB): possibly, for some subject S, reason R, and belief B: R is a good (i.e., normative) reason for S to hold B, and R is not an epistemic reason for B. Guidance: for all subjects S, potential reasons R, and beliefs/actions φ: In order for R to count as a normative reason for S to φ, it must be possible for S to take R into account as relevant to the determination of whether S ought to φ. One might naturally think that these principles conflict, for if there are non-epistemic reasons for belief, then they must guide deliberation, and in guiding deliberation, they would violate epistemic standards. The aim of this paper is to show that no such conflict need arise. Section 2 of the paper sets out the concept of an inference, and sketches an epistemic framework for the assessment of inferences and arguments. Section 3 sets out the distinction between normative and motivating reasons, discusses motivational internalism about reasons, and briefly defends the view that there can be non-epistemic reasons for beliefs. Section 4 shows that non-epistemic reasons for belief are compatible with epistemic standards for inference and with a deliberative guidance constraint on normative reasons, because any time a reason R is a good non-epistemic reason for a subject S to hold a belief B, there is an epistemically good inference available to S which takes R as a premise and which concludes with the meta-belief that S ought to hold B. So the paper employs an indirect level-connecting principle between normative reasons for φ-ing and epistemic reasons for believing that one ought to φ. The paper ends with clarifications of that level-connecting principle, and responses to three objections.
A tree money grows on: the first inclusive molecular phylogeny of the economically important pink shrimp (Decapoda : Farfantepenaeus) reveals cryptic diversity

Species of Farfantepenaeus support economically important shrimp fisheries throughout the Western Hemisphere, necessitating proper fisheries management. To be effective, species management should be informed of the potential presence of cryptic species and of the evolutionary forces driving biodiversity. This is best accomplished through a robust phylogenetic framework and evidence-based species delimitation. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny and species delimitation analyses of shrimps belonging to the genus Farfantepenaeus. Targeting three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, and COI), gene trees and a phylogeny for the genus were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. In general, the phylogenetic relationships inferred here largely agree with those recovered from morphological data, including the most recent designation of F. isabelae as sister to F. subtilis. Molecular divergence was found between northern and southern populations of F. brasiliensis, suggesting the existence of unrecognised subspecies. However, previous recognition of F. duorarum and F. notialis as two distinct species was not supported by this study. The phylogeny inferred here also uncovers a phylogeographic signal of latitudinal speciation in the genus. The study presented here provides valuable insight into the evolutionary history of Farfantepenaeus, improving our ability to effectively manage these economically important species.
A Systematic Approach for the design of Metallic Delay Lenses

A major disadvantage of natural dielectric lenses is the excessive physical weight of the dielectric material. Artificial dielectric lenses are proposed to replace the actual dielectric and overcome this disadvantage. In this paper, we introduce a systematic and comprehensive method for the design of metallic delay lenses. Previous approaches suggest analytical formulas based on effective medium theories for the evaluation of the effective electromagnetic properties of artificial dielectrics. The method presented in this paper goes beyond the applicability of the theoretical methods, since it is applicable for periodic structures with larger metallic elements that are desired in practice. To validate this method, a metallic delay lens comprising of copper spheres is used as a proof of concept demonstrator and favorably compared with the solid lenses.
Shear-band cavities and strain hardening in a metallic glass revealed with phase-contrast x-ray tomography

Abstract Using high-energy x-ray tomography we show that deformed Zr-based metallic-glass samples contain large amounts of shear-band cavities (internal cracks). Since the investigated samples were unloaded prior to fracture, the three-dimensionally reconstructed samples can be used to determine the true load-bearing area, which leads to the conclusion that the samples have hardened considerably during deformation. We propose how such apparent strain hardening can be caused by a change in friction condition between the detached surfaces instead of searching for an intrinsic hardening mechanism. These results indicate the importance of knowing the true load-bearing area for correct flow-stress determinations of metallic glasses.
The winding road of the uvaretin class of natural products: from total synthesis to bioactive agent discovery

Herein, we disclose the development of a synthetic route to gain access to the uvaretin class of chalcone natural products. In this, the construction of a small library was achieved, and the collection was evaluated for cytotoxicity and other biological properties. Uvaretin (1) was accessed via a seven-step route in an overall yield of 15.1%. Within this route, the unsaturated enone variant of uvaretin (2), also a natural product, was accessed in a 16.7% yield over six steps. This route provides a nearly three-fold increase in yields of 1 and 2 in comparison to the previous synthetic route accessing them in 5.8% and 3.0% overall yields, respectively. Evaluation of 1 and 2 revealed IC50 values between 2.0 and 5.1 μM in the cancerous cell lines HeLa, U937, A549, and MIA PaCa-2. Screening of the whole chalcone library set led to the discovery of over 30 compounds, within six cancerous cell lines, possessing single digit μM IC50 activity as sole agents. Furthermore, multiple library members were found to possess promising potentiating properties with known chemotherapeutic agents.
A new stonefly species (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from the Interior Highlands USA, with morphological and molecular comparison to other congeneric species

Thirty-one species of Nearctic Perlesta Banks, 1906 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) are recognized. A new species is described from western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, USA, Perlestasublobata South & DeWalt, sp. nov., from the adult male, adult female, and egg. Perlestasublobata males are differentiated from other congeners by a combination of a prominent ventral caecum and a distinct dorsal extension of the lateral sclerites of the aedeagus. A preliminary molecular phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for Perlesta based on 17 congeners and three outgroup taxa using partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data. Illustrations, stereomicroscope images, and scanning electron micrographs support the description and comparison to other Perlesta.
Effects of Bracing on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Following Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures in Neurologically Intact Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background:We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials to determine the effect of the use of an orthosis (as compared with no orthosis) on clinical and radiographic outcomes in neurologically intact patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. Optimal nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar bu
Radiation oncology program directors’ attitudes towards 27 discrete palliative care skills.

62Background: Dedicated conferences in palliative care have been proposed as an ACGME requirement for radiation oncology (RO) residency programs. We assessed RO program directors’ attitudes towards...
Exploring the Impacts of Different Score Resolution Procedures on Person Fit and Estimated Achievement in Rater-Mediated Assessments

Scoring procedures for many rater-mediated performance assessments include score resolution procedures in which a third rater adjudicates discrepancies between two raters’ ratings of the same perfo...
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) mediates inflammatory mechanical pain

Persistent tactile pain is a poorly managed symptom of inflammatory and neuropathic injury. To develop therapies for this maladaptive sensation, the underlying molecular mediators must be identified. Using knockout mice and pharmacological inhibitors, we identified transient receptor canonical 5 (TRPC5) as a key contributor to the persistent tactile pain that occurs in many inflammatory and neuropathic preclinical rodent models. TRPC5 inhibition was effective in injuries associated with elevated levels of the bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Exogenous application of LPC induced TRPC5-dependent behavioral mechanical allodynia, neuronal mechanical hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. In vitro, LPC activated both homomeric mouse and human TRPC5 channels, which upon examination of human dorsal root ganglia tissue, were expressed in 75% of human sensory neurons. Based on these results, TRPC5 inhibitors should be pursued as personalized therapy for spontaneous and tactile pain in conditions where elevated LPC is a biomarker.
Improved Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Obliteration With 3-Dimensional Rotational Digital Subtraction Angiography for Radiosurgical Planning: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is well-established. Radiographic advantages exist for 3-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiography (3DRA) over 2-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D DSA) in delineating AVM nidus structure for SRS treatment planning. However, currently there is limited to no data directly comparing 2D DSA versus 3DRA in terms of patient outcomes. Objective To investigate whether the use of 3DRA over 2D DSA in radiosurgical treatment planning for AVMs associates with improved clinical outcomes. Methods All AVM patients treated with SRS at our institution between the years 2000 and 2018 were identified. Primary outcomes were obliteration rates and time to obliteration (TTO); secondary outcomes included rates of post-SRS hemorrhage, salvage therapy, and symptomatic radionecrosis. A minimum of 12 mo of follow-up imaging/angiogram post-SRS was required, or alternatively evidence of obliteration on angiogram prior to 12 mo post-SRS. Single predictor and multivariable Cox regression and logistic regression models were constructed to test for association between radiographic, clinical, and treatment factors with outcomes. Results A total of 75 patients were included. Total 17 patients received 3DRA and 58 patients received 2D DSA, with a median follow-up of 3.29 yr. The 3DRA is significantly associated with improved TTO on single predictor (HR 2.87, 1.29-6.12; P = .0109) and multivariable analysis (HR 2.448, 1.076-5.750; P = .0330) and increased odds of achieving obliteration by 3 yr post-SRS on single predictor analysis (OR 6.044, 1.405-26.009; P = .0157). Conclusion The 3DRA over 2D DSA in SRS treatment planning for AVMs may result in improved TTO and 3-yr obliteration rates. Further investigation and prospective study are warranted.
The Prognostic Value of Axillary Staging Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has historically been characterized by high rates of recurrence and poor survival; however, there have been significant improvements in systemic therapy. We sought to investigate modern treatment of IBC and define the yield and prognostic significance of axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Women with clinical stage T4d, N0–N3, M0 IBC from 2012 to 2016 in the National Cancer Database were included. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression were used to assess mortality by receptor subtype and nodal status. We identified 5265 patients; 37% hormone receptor (HR) +/HER2 − , 19% HR +/HER2 + , 18% HR −/HER2 + , and 26% triple-negative, and 5-year overall survival was 51.6%. Only 34% were treated according to guidelines with NAC, modified radical mastectomy, and adjuvant radiation. Pathologically positive lymph nodes (ypN +) after NAC varied by subtype and clinical nodal status (cN) ranging from 82% in cN + HR +/HER2 − patients to 19% in cN0 HR −/HER2 + patients. ypN + strongly correlated with survival in all subtypes with the most pronounced impact in HR +/HER2 + patients, with 90% 5-year overall survival in ypN0 versus 66% for ypN + (HR 4.29, 95% CI 1.58–11.70, p = 0.03). Five-year survival in M0 IBC is 51.6%. Positive nodes after NAC varied by subtype and clinical N status but is sufficiently high and provided meaningful prognostication in all subtypes to support continued routine pathologic assessment. Future study is warranted to identify reliable, less morbid, methods of staging the axilla in IBC patients appropriate for deescalation of axillary surgery.
CGPE: an integrated online server for Cancer Gene and Pathway Exploration.

Summary Cancer Gene and Pathway Explorer (CGPE) is developed to guide biological and clinical researchers, especially those with limited informatics and programming skills, performing preliminary cancer-related biomedical research using transcriptional data and publications. CGPE enables three user-friendly online analytical and visualization modules without requiring any local deployment. The GenePub HotIndex applies natural language processing, statistics and association discovery to provide analytical results on gene-specific PubMed publications, including gene-specific research trends, cancer types correlations, top-related genes and the WordCloud of publication profiles. The OnlineGSEA enables Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and results visualizations through an easy-to-follow interface for public or in-house transcriptional datasets, integrating the GSEA algorithm and preprocessed public TCGA and GEO datasets. The preprocessed datasets ensure gene sets analysis with appropriate pathway alternation and gene signatures. The CellLine Search presents evidence-based guidance for cell line selections with combined information on cell line dependency, gene expressions and pathway activity maps, which are valuable knowledge to have before conducting gene-related experiments. In a nutshell, the CGPE webserver provides a user-friendly, visual, intuitive and informative bioinformatics tool that allows biomedical researchers to perform efficient analyses and preliminary studies on in-house and publicly available bioinformatics data. Availability and implementation The webserver is freely available online at https://cgpe.soic.iupui.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Abstract IA22: Understanding causes of Inferior Survival in Adolescent and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Outcomes of AYA patients with ALL remain markedly worse when compared with those of their younger counterparts, as evidenced by a dramatic decline in 5-year survival ( Citation Format: Smita Bhatia. Understanding causes of Inferior Survival in Adolescent and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
How many and from where? Assessing the sensitivity of exposure durations calculated from paired bedrock 14 C/ 10 Be measurements in glacial troughs

We present a sensitivity analysis of the isochron approach of Goehring et al. (2013) for paired measurements of in situ14C/10Be from glacially sculpted bedrock surfaces. This analysis tests how sensitive the resulting exposure durations from this technique are to both the number of samples analyzed and their locations along a glacial trough transect, using a dataset from Goehring et al. (2011) as a test case. A simple equally weighted combinatorial approach was employed to (1) generate non-repetitive combinations of n subsets of samples arranged from the ten possible samples (where n < 10), and (2) estimate the exposure duration and uncertainty for each set of simulations. Results from the Goehring et al. (2011) data indicate that five samples evenly distributed along a transect parallel to the ice margin are the minimum number of samples required for this method, while eight or more samples provide an optimal combination of accuracy and precision at the 1σ level. These findings should be applicable to paired in situ14C/10Be measurements from other polished bedrock troughs at glacial margins, but need further experimental confirmation.
Influence of Infrastructure Financing on Financial Sustainability of Water Service Providers in Kenya

Purpose. To establish the influence of infrastructure financing on financial sustainability of water service providers (WSPs) in Kenya. Design/Method/Research approach. The study adopted the pragmatism research philosophy and an explanatory sequential mixed design targeting some senior managers selected from the eighty-eight registered WSPs in Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data while an interview schedule was used to collect the qualitative data from key informants. The data analysis was done on the bases of descriptive and inferential statistics; the nature and size of relationship was tested using correlation and the regression analysis while the results are presented using tables and graphs. Findings. The study concludes that Infrastructure financing has a positive and statistically significant influence on financial sustainability of WSPs in Kenya. Theoretical implications. The research proves that infrastructure financing has a statistically significant effect on financial sustainability of WSPs in Kenya. Practical implications. Taking into account the findings, it is recommended that the National government via the National treasury and WWDAs should ensure that all funding proposals capture end-to-end financing so as to increase the last mile connectivity. Social implications. The study also identifies the need for the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation (MWSI) to collaborate with key stakeholders in order to tap into local resources and development grants. Originality/Value. The study makes a unique contribution by establishing that infrastructure financing significantly influences financial sustainability of water service providers in Kenya. Research limitations/Future research. There is need to explore the possibility partnerships with communities and NGOs as the sector is highly indebted and unable to service the current loan portfolio. Paper type. Empirical.
Albumin Conjugates of Thiosemicarbazone and Imidazole-2-thione Prochelators: Iron Coordination and Antiproliferative Activity.

The central role of iron in tumor progression and metastasis motivates the development of iron-binding approaches in cancer chemotherapy. Disulfide-based prochelators are reductively activated upon cellular uptake to liberate thiol chelators responsible for iron sequestration. Herein, a trimethyl thiosemicarbazone moiety and the imidazole-2-thione heterocycle are incorporated in this prochelator design. Iron binding of the corresponding tridentate chelators leads to the stabilization of a low-spin ferric center in 2 : 1 ligand-to-metal complexes. Native mass spectrometry experiments show that the prochelators form stable disulfide conjugates with bovine serum albumin, thus affording novel bioconjugate prochelator systems. Antiproliferative activities at sub-micromolar levels are recorded in a panel of breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer cells, along with significantly lower activity in normal fibroblasts.
Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Cycle Slip Trellis Trimming Algorithm

Limited spectral resources and increasing demand for diverse RF applications limit the capabilities of modern RF systems. Recent results in the field of RF Convergence demonstrate that these limitations may be overcome by adopting co-operative and co-design techniques. We designed the Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2) system to provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) and communications services in congested environments with limited spectral access. This system leverages modern two-way ranging (TWR) techniques to provide sub-centimeter ranging precision to flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) in GPS denied environments with only 10 MHz bandwidth. In this study, we extend the CHP2 TWR algorithm to improve robustness against carrier-phase range ambiguities, commonly referred to as “cycle slips”. We propose a resolution method in conjunction with joint distributed coherence and time-of-flight (ToF) tracking to mitigate these ambiguities, with a structure similar to a time-sensitive Viterbi trellis. The proposed “trellis trimming” method measures the likelihood of multiple ranging hypotheses and eliminates paths of least likeliness using Bayesian filters. We demonstrate that this method reduces the probability of incorrectly choosing range ambiguities and significantly improves ranging performance in low-SNR regimes where cycle slips are common.
An animal model of MGUS/SMM to investigate the role of cellular senescence in progression to MM.

8050Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of plasma cells that arises from precursor stages, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and/or smoldering MM (SMM)....
Utility of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier in Preschoolers With Conduct Problems.

This study examined the clinical utility of the “Limited Prosocial Emotions” (LPE) specifier (i.e., prevalence rates, group differences, and predictive utility) in a high-risk preschool sample (N =...
Teaching Controversial Issues in Health Education

(1961). Teaching Controversial Issues in Health Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 19-46.
Like Nixon to China: The Exhibition of Slavery in the Valentine Museum and the Museum of the Confederacy

LIKE NIXON TO CHINA: THE EXHIBITION OF SLAVERY IN THE VALENTINE MUSEUM AND THE MUSEUM OF THE CONFEDERACY Meghan T. Naile, M.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: Dr. John Kneebone, Professor of History, History Department This study analyzes two successful exhibitions on American slavery in the South: In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond, Virginia, 1790-1860 by the Valentine Museum and Before Freedom Came: African American Life in the Antebellum South by the Museum of the Confederacy. It puts the exhibitions in the context of the social history movement, and explains the difficulties exhibiting a sensitive topic. It examines the creation of the exhibitions, the controversies because of the subject, both real and potential, and the overwhelmingly positive reaction.
Three-Dimensional Graphs

For functions of one variable, a unique critical point that is a local maximum is necessarily a global maximum. But this is false in higher dimensions. An example is the graph shown, of the function 3 x e y – x 3 – e 3y : there is only one critical point and it is a local maximum but not a global one.