cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Spectrum of Nuclear DNA-Related Mitochondrial Disorders

We review the clinical presentations of nuclear DNA-related mitochondrial diseases, including those due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of the respiratory chain (RC) (“direct hits”), those involving ancillary factors needed for the assembly or stability of the RC (“indirect hits”), those affecting the intergenomic cross-talk, and those due to alterations in the protein milieu of the RC.
Procedural maze level generation with evolutionary cellular automata

Maze running games represent a popular genre of video games and the design of playable mazes provides an interesting research challenge in procedural content generation for computational intelligence research in games. In this paper, we attack the problem of creating playable mazes by using genetic algorithms to evolve cellular automata rules that lead to playable mazes. More specifically, a fixed number of evolved-rule applications generates maze like patterns on a cellular automata grid and a region merging algorithm then generates the final, playable maze. Since maze path lengths correlate with maze playability, the genetic algorithm searches for cellular automata rules that lead to longer path lengths. Results from two types of cellular automata and three different fitness functions of path length show that our approach results in a variety of interesting, playable mazes with longer path lengths and complex paths.
Anisotropy Induced In A Semi-Flexible Polymer by a Liquid- Crystalline Solvent

We outline a simple analytical scheme for treating the anisotropy of a semi-flexible polymer in a nematic field (e. g. that due to a liquid crystalline solvent). The rotational-isomer-state- model is used to describe the internal conformation energies, and the aligning field is assumed to interact separately with each of the main-chain monomers. We consider polyethylene-type molecules in which the valence angle is fixed at its tetrahedral value and the dihedral angles of successive monomers are constrained to 0° (“trans”) and ±120° (“gauche”). this simplification allows us to label monomer states in terms of absolute space-fixed (diamond) lattice directions and to avoid thereby the complications of the usual transformations between local coordinate frames. We calculate monomer-monomer angular correlations and individual bond alignments as a function of gauche energy and nematic field strength, and compare our results with recent measurements. Finally, we comment on the relevance of our approach to the study of long-range orientational ordering in model membranes and polymer mels.
Tests of neutrino interaction models with the MicroBooNE detector

I measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. I evaluate three neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of $800$ MeV, using an exposure corresponding to $5.0\times10^{19}$ protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. I find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity, but I show an indication that the observed multiplicity fractions deviate from GENIE expectations.
On the Spiral-Induced Nonlinear Dissipative Process to the Evolution of the Galactic Disk

It is well known that in dynamical systems governed by long-range forces, the secular evolution of the system is driven predominantly by collective effects. In the current paper, we report the discovery of such a collective dissipation process induced by a self-sustained spiral density wave, which leads to important secular evolution effects in spiral galaxies.
The Coevolution Of Social Movements

Movements develop in coevolution with regimes and other actors in their environments. Movement trajectories evolve through stochastic processes and are constrained, but not determined, by structures. Coevolution provides a theoretical structure for organizing existing understandings of social movements and sharpening future research. Stochastic thinking is essential for recognizing the both the volatility and path dependence of collective action and its underlying structural constraints. Formal models of diffusion, adaptive learning, mutual reinforcement, and inter-actor competition are developed and compared with empirical protest series. Responses to exogenous reinforcement, mutual adaptation in which failure is as important as success, and inter-actor competition are the most plausible mechanisms to account for empirical patterns. Trajectories of action depend upon the number of discrete random actors. Overall, the analysis suggests that movement dynamics are shaped more by interactions with other acto...
Methylammonium iodide and its effect as an intrinsic defect in perovskite structure and device performance

Abstract Organo-metal halides are the new generation of functional materials formed on a perovskite framework, ABX3. Despite the high throughput of these semiconductors, they are prone to long-term degradation. A degradation process that is still far from understood. This might be attributed to the complex nature of the organic compound in the A site of the perovskite structure. In this work, we disturb the perovskite structure, methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), by inducing intrinsic defects in it using different ratios of the precursors. The presence of excess CH3NH3I (MAI) creates vacancies in the structure, resulting in higher degrees of crystallization and lower decomposition rate. The deviations from the norm in the crystalline lattice highlight the role of MAI in the degradation process. Depending on the concentration, excess MAI may also liberate halide ions. These halide ions then act as dopants and change the bandgap of the perovskite semiconductors. The dark current density in the photodetectors fabricated based on these materials increases from 10−12 to 10−8 Acm−2, as the concentration of MAI in the perovskite decreases, with the exception of the base concentration. However, MAI possess a disordered molecular structure which may result in formation of trap vacancies. Therefore, the concentration of MAI in the perovskite structure must be adjusted such that formation of [PbI6(CH3NH3) n]m clusters are possible.
Balloon-Based Concept Vehicle for Extreme Terrain Mobility

We describe a new concept for surface mobility on planetary bodies with atmospheres. BALLET (BALloon Locomotion for Extreme Terrain) is a balloon mobility concept with 6 evenly-distributed suspended payload modules each serving as a foot for locomotion over currently inaccessible rugged terrain on Mars and Titan. BALLET achieves its benefits through several innovations. While the physics of BALLET will apply on Venus, the environmental conditions and available component technology limit our consideration to Mars and Titan.
A hybrid evolutionary system for automatic software repair

This paper presents an automatic software repair system that combines the characteristic components of several typical evolutionary computation based repair approaches into a unified repair framework so as to take advantage of their respective component strengths. We exploit both the redundancy assumption and repair templates to create a search space of candidate repairs. Then we employ a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with a low-granularity patch representation to explore this search space, in order to find simple patches. In order to further reduce the search space and alleviate patch overfitting we introduce replacement similarity and insertion relevance to select more related statements as promising fix ingredients, and we adopt anti-patterns to customize the available operation types for each likely-buggy statement. We evaluate our system on 224 real bugs from the Defects4J dataset in comparison with the state-of-the-art repair approaches. The evaluation results show that the proposed system can fix 111 out of those 224 bugs in terms of passing all test cases, achieving substantial performance improvements over the state-of-the-art. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability of ARJA-e to fix multi-location bugs that are unlikely to be addressed by most of existing repair approaches.
Changes in Levels of HCV-RNA and Hepatitis C Viral Antigen Associated with Interferon-alpha Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA can be detected in the serum of most patients with chronic hepatitis C using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. During therapy with interferon-a, levels of HCV-RNA tend to fall in parallel with serum aminotransferase activities. Generally, in patients whose serum aminotransferases reach normal levels, HCV-RNA becomes undetectable. When hepatitis relapses after interferon (IFN) is stopped, HCV-RNA promptly reappears in serum. Patients with a sustained response to interferon have persistently normal serum aminotransferases and undetectable HCV-RNA after stopping interferon. Hepatitis C viral antigen is detectable by immunostaining of liver in the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The intensity of staining for HCV antigen (HCVAg) before therapy may be a useful predictor of response to treatment. HCVAg staining decreases with IFN therapy and may become undetectable in patients who respond with normalization of serum aminotransferases and loss of HCV-RNA from serum. Thus, HCV-RNA in serum and HCVAg in liver appear to be useful markers of HCV infection to follow during therapy with IFN-α. Low levels of these markers may indicate an increased likelihood of responding to IFN therapy. Their absence at the end of therapy does not necessarily predict that relapse of hepatitis will not occur. However, their prolonged absence, months or even years after stopping IFN, appears to be a feature of a sustained response to IFN.
So You Want to be a Change Agent

This paper analyzes a range of theories of change agency for the purpose of exploring possible ways for individuals to practice social change that are inspired by Jungian thought. The methodology for this paper is a narration of varioustheories of social and organizational change. The study uses variations of the story of the Rainmaker, told by C. G. Jung, to explore the connection between individual and social change. The conclusion considers the contribution thatJungian theory can make to the resolution of the tensions that are inevitably engendered by the thoughtful facilitation of social change
Peroperative transluminal angioplasty

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the operative procedure for peroperative transluminal angioplasty. The linear extrusion balloon catheter operates on principles significantly different from those of coaxial balloons. A nonelastomeric balloon of relatively fixed maximum diameter is inverted into a catheter body. Upon inflation with saline, the balloon everts out of the body, unrolling onto the luminal surface much like an unrolling carpet. Occluder pads are applied to the exposed superficial femoral artery and profunda femoris. Along with occluding the lumen, they allow traction on the arteries via their silicone tapes. They are applied by passing one end of the tape under the artery and latching it to the pad, which is held by a clamp. A Velcro covering assists placement by reducing slippage on the artery. The calibration of the distance to the lesion from the arteriotomy and of the diameter of the uninvolved artery adjacent to the plaque is the first step in intraoperative angioplasty. This is performed with a latex balloon catheter that is inserted through the arteriotomy in a partially inflated state. Sterile saline is used to purge the catheter of air and to inflate the balloon.
BodyWire: A 6.3-pJ/b 30-Mb/s −30-dB SIR-Tolerant Broadband Interference-Robust Human Body Communication Transceiver Using Time Domain Interference Rejection

Human body communication (HBC) utilizes the human body as the communication medium between devices in and around the body, providing an energy-efficient, secure alternative to radio wave communication traditionally used in body area networks (BAN). However, the human antenna effect results in the human body picking up environmental interference affecting HBC transmissions. Most state-of-the-art HBC transceivers utilize narrowband modulation techniques to communicate using frequencies, which are not affected by interference. In this article, we use capacitive termination and voltage mode communication techniques to utilize the human body as a broadband (BB) communication channel enabling as a BB HBC. An integrating dual data rate (I-DDR) receiver utilizing time-domain interference rejection (TD-IR) through integration and periodic sampling is used for interference-robust BB HBC operation. The proposed receiver can achieve higher energy efficiency as it utilizes the full bandwidth of the body for data transmission and does not require any modulation/demodulation. The BB HBC transceiver is fabricated in the TSMC 65-nm technology. Measurement results show 6.3-pJ/bit energy efficiency at a data rate of 30 Mb/s with −30-dB signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) tolerance, making it 18 $\times $ energy efficient compared with state-of-the-art HBC transceivers.
Low-brightness quantum radar

One of the major scientific thrusts from recent years has been to try to harness quantum phenomena to dramatically increase the performance of a wide variety of classical information processing devices. These advances in quantum information science have had a considerable impact on the development of standoff sensors such as quantum radar. In this paper we analyze the theoretical performance of low-brightness quantum radar that uses entangled photon states. We use the detection error probability as a measure of sensing performance and the interception error probability as a measure of stealthiness. We compare the performance of quantum radar against a coherent light sensor (such as lidar) and classical radar. In particular, we restrict our analysis to the performance of low-brightness standoff sensors operating in a noisy environment. We show that, compared to the two classical standoff sensing devices, quantum radar is stealthier, more resilient to jamming, and more accurate for the detection of low reflectivity targets.
Immigrant crossroads: globalization, incorporation, and placemaking in Queens, New York: by Tarry Hum, Ron Hayduk, François Pierre-Louis Jr., and Michael Alan Krasner (editors), Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2021, 392pp., $42.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4399-1594-3.

Global cities and large urban areas are sites where immigration-generated diversity has long been studied, driving important theorising about both immigrant integration and exclusion. Nowhere are t...
Detection of COVID-19 Patients from CT Scan and Chest X-ray Data Using Modified MobileNetV2 and LIME .

The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by the widespread transmission of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of modern history's most challenging issues from a healthcare perspective. At its dawn, still without a vaccine, contagion containment strategies remained most effective in preventing the disease's spread. Patient isolation has been primarily driven by the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, but its initial reach was challenged by low availability and high cost, especially in developing countries. As a means of taking advantage of a preexisting infrastructure for respiratory disease diagnosis, researchers have proposed COVID-19 patient screening based on the results of Chest Computerized Tomography (CT) and Chest Radiographs (X-ray). When paired with artificial-intelligence- and deep-learning-based approaches for analysis, early studies have achieved a comparatively high accuracy in diagnosing the disease. Considering the opportunity to further explore these methods, we implement six different Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (Deep CNN) models-VGG16, MobileNetV2, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50, ResNet101, and VGG19-and use a mixed dataset of CT and X-ray images to classify COVID-19 patients. Preliminary results showed that a modified MobileNetV2 model performs best with an accuracy of 95 ± 1.12% (AUC = 0.816). Notably, a high performance was also observed for the VGG16 model, outperforming several previously proposed models with an accuracy of 98.5 ± 1.19% on the X-ray dataset. Our findings are supported by recent works in the academic literature, which also uphold the higher performance of MobileNetV2 when X-ray, CT, and their mixed datasets are considered. Lastly, we further explain the process of feature extraction using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), which contributes to a better understanding of what features in CT/X-ray images characterize the onset of COVID-19.
Econometrics of information and efficiency

Preface. 1: Introduction to Information. 2: Applied Information Theory. 3: Information Theory in Econometrics. 4: Applications in Control Theory and Operations Research. 5: Economic Theories of Information. 6: Econometrics and Entropy Theory. References. Index.
Leibniz and China: A Commerce of Light

Why was Leibniz so fascinated by Chinese philosophy and culture? What specific forms did his interest take? How did his interest compare with the relative indifference of his philosophical contemporaries and near-contemporaries such as Spinoza and Locke? In this highly original book, Franklin Perkins examines Leibniz's voluminous writings on the subject and suggests that his interest was founded in his own philosophy: the nature of his metaphysical and theological views required him to take Chinese thought seriously. Leibniz was unusual in holding enlightened views about the intellectual profitability of cultural exchange, and in a broad-ranging discussion Perkins charts these views, their historical context, and their social and philosophical ramifications. The result is an illuminating philosophical study which also raises wider questions about the perils and rewards of trying to understand and learn from a different culture.
Workloads, Observables, Benchmarks and Instrumentation

A compact user-level summary, a use-tree, explains system variabilities across benchmarks. The tree provides a clear, static declaration of the relationships among a limited number of major system resources that determine most performance variance. This new approach is especially effective with hardware instrumentation that decouples workload from observation (otherwise, a compact set of observables may be unavailable). A tree supports simple predictions and promotes more meaningful comparisons of workloads. Accounting for the sources of performance variation shown in the tree can inspire new methods of assessment; a "time dilation" technique illustrates this for loosely-coupled systems with local clocks.
Copyright Solutions for Institutional Repositories: A Collaboration with Subject Librarians

Â This work investigates using subject librarians to conduct copyright clearance in an institutional repository (IR). At Utah State University, the library assures copyright clearance for faculty scholarship, thereby garnering input of faculty scholarship into the IR. Currently, subject librarians are not widely participating in routine IR work; however, the in-volvement of subject librarians with the IR offers benefits to the subject librarians and the institution as a whole. This article provides a model for institutions needing new solutions for copyright clearance using subject librarians and discusses the rationale, benefits and challenges of adopting this model.
Supporting Changes in Structure in Causal Model Construction

The term "changes in structure," originating from work in econometrics, refers to structural modifications invoked by actions on a causal model. In this paper we formalize the representation of reversibility of a mechanism in order to support modeling of changes in structure in systems that contain reversible mechanisms. Causal models built on our formalization can answer two new types of queries: (1) When manipulating a causal model (i.e., making an endogenous variable exogenous), which mechanisms are possibly invalidated and can be removed from the model? (2) Which variables may be manipulated in order to invalidate and, effectively, remove a mechanism from a model?.
Will directed parathyroidectomy utilizing the gamma probe or intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay replace bilateral cervical exploration as the preferred operation for primary hyperparathyroidism

The trend toward limited exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degrees HPT) has stemmed from advances in sestamibi scanning, gamma probe technology, and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (iPTH). Prior to widespread application, directed parathyroidectomy must be shown to meet the high standards of conventional cervical exploration. In this prospective, nonrandomized trial, results of parathyroidectomy utilizing the gamma probe, iPTH, or neither technique were evaluated. Altogether, 150 patients underwent parathyroidectomy utilizing the gamma probe (n = 50), iPTH (n = 50), or neither technique (n = 50). Each group was evaluated for operating time, length of hospitalization, cure rate, morbidity, mortality, and cost. A telephone survey was conducted with 25 patients in each group (n = 75) to address patient satisfaction. The gamma probe localized the abnormal gland in 66% of patients and confirmed cure intraoperatively in 84%. In the iPTH group, a more than 50% decrease from baseline occurred in 98%. The mean operating times were 76, 84, and 90 minutes, respectively (p = 0.16); and the mean length of hospitalization was 1 day. The biochemical cure rates were 98%, 100%, and 96%, respectively (p = 0.17). Total costs were $4476, $3918, and $3905, respectively. A total of 96% of patients in all three groups were "very satisfied" with their surgical procedure. Directed parathyroidectomy utilizing the gamma probe or iPTH assay does not significantly alter the operating time, length of hospitalization, cure rate, morbidity, mortality, or patient satisfaction when compared to conventional exploration in our practice. The probe is more expensive and was not a consistently reliable tool for localizing parathyroid pathology. PTH monitoring reliably predicts cure intraoperatively.
Myocardial blood flow and coronary reserve in chronically anemic fetal lambs.

Chronic fetal anemia produces large compensatory increases in coronary blood flow in the near-term fetal lamb. To determine if increased coronary flow in anemic fetuses is associated with decreased...
Dietary cadmium, zinc and copper: effects on chick lung morphology and elastin cross-linking.

MICHAEL LEFEVRE, HELEN HENGANDR. B. RUCKER2Department of Nutrition, University of California,Davis, CA 95616ABSTRACT Day-old White Leghorn cockerels were divided into seven dietary groupsand fed one of the following diets: 7) a casein-based basal diet; 2) a casein-based dietsupplemented with 10 mg/kg cadmium, 3) 100 mg/kg cadmium, 4) or 800 mg/kg zinc;5) a casein-based diet pair-fed to the 100 mg/kg Cd group; 6) a spray-dried nonfatmilk-based diet with no added copper, or 7) a spray-dried nonfat milk-based diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg copper. At termination (5 weeks), the birds were killed, andthe effects of the diets on selected features of lung composition and morphology wereassessed. Body weights were reduced in the 100 mg/kg Cd, pair-fed, and Cu-deficientgroups when compared to their controls (casein-based or milk-based copper-supplemented diets). There were no differences in lung weights (expressed relative to metabolicbody size) among the groups, although copper deficiency did result in a slight decreasein the dry to wet weight ratio of lung. Lung elastin content and the desmosine contentin elastin were significantly lower in the Cu-deficient group and tended to be lower inthe group fed 800 ppm Zn. Significant alterations (enlargement of the tertiary bronchiallumen) in morphology were also observed in lungs from both the 100 mg/kg Cd andCu-deficient groups. Alteration in lung morphology observed in the 100 mg/kg Cdgroup could not be explained by changes in the elastin content of lung. J. Nutr. 112:1344-1352, 1982.INDEXING KEY WORDS cadmium â€¢zinc â€¢copper â€¢elastin â€¢lung
Toughness enhancements in poly(methyl methacrylate) by addition of oriented multiwall carbon nanotubes

The mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were studied as a function of nanotube orientation, length, concentration, and type. Orientation and dispersion were assessed by electron microscopy. A processing parameter study revealed the robust nature of fabricating nanotube/PMMA nanocomposites. An optimal set of extrusion conditions was found for minimizing the aggregate size in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)/PMMA nanocomposites; this set was also used for the fabrication of the MWNT/PMMA composites. Good dispersion was achieved for MWNTs in PMMA at 0.1–10 wt % loading levels (with the best dispersions at the lower loading levels). The orientation of MWNTs in PMMA proved to be the only way to substantially toughen the nanocomposite. A level of 1 wt % MWNTs in PMMA (oriented nanocomposite) exhibited the largest increase in tensile toughness with a 170% improvement over oriented PMMA. Increases in the modulus and yield strength were not nearly as pronounced (and occurred only at the highest loading of MWNTs, which was 10 wt %) with increases of 38 and 25%, respectively. A failure mechanism was proposed in which orientation of the MWNTs (normal to the direction of craze propagation and crack development) enabled them to toughen the brittle PMMA by bridging cracks that developed (via craze precursors) during the tensile test. None of the nanotube/PMMA composites showed mechanical properties close to the values expected from simple rule of mixture and orientation considerations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2690–2702, 2004
Neurological sequelae of end stage renal disease (ESRD).

SIGNIFICANT advances have been made in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of renal disease in the last 15 yr. The application of sophisticated laboratory techniques such as micropuncture, histochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy to renal physiology and pathological anatomy has led to greater understanding of the normal and diseased kidney. In addition, therapeutic modalities such as dialysis and renal transplantation have become commonplace. Thus, improved understanding and treatment of renal disease has resulted in prolonged life for many who formerly were hopelessly afflicted. Such prolongation has resulted in a keener awareness of the complications of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and its treatment. The uremic syndrome is manifested by a variety of abnormal signs and symptoms, many of which are neurological in character. As renal disease progresses and/or persists the signs and symptoms become mor’e apparent. Electrical evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction is almost inevitable. Furthermore, the currently available treatment modalities in renal failure, e.g. dialysis and transplantation, are themselves associated with a number of distinct neurological syndromes. Therefore, this review will be concerned not with the well-described neurologic abnormalities seen in severe acute uremia, e.g. seizures, but rather with the less well studied and in many cases more subtle neurologic dysfunction of end stage renal disease, usually of chronic nature. The signs and symptoms of this dysfunction may merge into those of the full blown uremic syndrome if proper treatment is withheld. Excellent reviews of these areas have been published [l-3], but since the last by Tyler in 1968 [3] much new understanding of the neurologic complications of ESRD and its treatment has been attained. Furthermore, the ability to quantitate the neurologic abnormalities seen before, during, and after dialysis treatment is
Serving the seriously mentally ill in the “least restrictive alternative”: Issues from a federal court consent decree

The last two decades have witnessed numerous legal actions aimed at securing the rights of the mentally disabled to be served in the least restrictive alternative consistent with their needs. This paper examines the effectiveness of a federal court consent decree in placing seriously mentally ill persons in less restrictive settings. The data indicate that, despite a massive investment in community based services in the catchment area affected by the consent decree, persons with serious mental illness in this area are no less likely to be situated in some type of supervised setting (including hospitals, residential programs, and nursing homes) than are those in non-affected areas. These data question the extent to which the original goal of the consent decree, to create a service system that would result in many persons living independently in the community, was realized. The data also call for a rethinking of the issue of restrictiveness in the design of similar efforts in the future.
Oral penicillin in infants.

Summary 1. Penicillin (20,000 units in water) was given to twenty-two infants ranging in age from one week to 5 months and ranging in weight from 6 to 12 pounds. 2. Serum levels were determined one-half, one, two, three, four, and six hours after ingestion of the penicillin. 3. At one-half hour, the average of six measurements was 0.880 unit per cubic centimeter. At one hour the average of twenty-two measurements was 0.584 unit per cubic centimeter. At two hours the average of ten measurements was 0.360 unit per cubic centimeter. At three hours the average of twenty-two measurements was 0.265 unit per cubic centimeter. At four hours the average of five measurements was 0.045 unit per cubic centimeter. At six hours no penicillin was found in the serum of the five infants tested. 4. All the levels up to and including three hours after ingestion were therapeutically adequate. 5. Some of the factors which might be involved in producing high, sustained levels in young infants after oral administration of penicillin are discussed.
On routing in lossy wireless networks with realistic channel models

This paper concerns routing performance in lossy wireless networks with Rayleigh fading channel. We investigate the efficiency of a few representative deterministic and opportunistic routing protocols under light-loaded traffic conditions. This work deviates from existing work that assumes idealistic packet reception, and is thus of practical relevant. Our study shows that opportunistic routing significantly outperforms its deterministic counterparts in average effective progress in a single hop transmission. In deterministic routing schemes, tuning of parameters based on node density is critical to achieve optimal performance.
Development of 12 novel microsatellite loci for invasive Chinese privet ( Ligustrum sinense ) from its introduced range

Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) is a shrub native to Southeast Asia and invasive in the eastern United States, representing a significant threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health, particularly in riparian habitats. We developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci from four widely distributed populations within the introduced range. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.58 per locus. We found only 2 instances of significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and none of the loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These loci provide a valuable tool to study the diversity and invasion history of this introduced species.
An activating Gs alpha mutation is present in fibrous dysplasia of bone in the McCune-Albright syndrome

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a sporadic disease characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait spots, and multiple endocrinopathies. The etiology of fibrous dysplasia is unknown. Activating mutations of codon 201 in the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of Gs, the G-protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase, have been found in all affected MAS tissues that have been studied. Initial attempts to amplify DNA from decalcified paraffin-embedded bone specimens from MAS patients were unsuccessful. Therefore, we analyzed DNA from frozen surgical bone specimens from five MAS patients using polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Most of the cells in four specimens of dysplastic bone contained a heterozygous mutation encoding substitution of Arg201 of Gs alpha with His, but the mutation was barely detectable in peripheral blood specimens from the patients. Only a small amount of mutant allele was detected in a specimen of normal cortical bone from the fifth patient, although this patient had a high proportion of mutation in other, affected tissues. The mosaic distribution of mutant alleles is consistent with an embryological somatic cell mutation of the Gs alpha gene in MAS. The presence of an activating mutation of Gs alpha in osteoblastic progenitor cells may cause them to exhibit increased proliferation and abnormal differentiation, thereby producing the lesions of fibrous dysplasia.
Calorimetric insights into the synthesis of templated materials

Abstract Major recent advances In situ calorimetric studies of zeolite synthesis have been performed under conditions where the growing templated zeolite remains in contact with its aqueous solution. Nanoparticles form first, then aggregate to form the zeolite. As surface area decreases, hydroxyl ions begin to desorb from the shrinking surface of the growing crystals, raising the pH, causing a shift from exothermic to endothermic enthalpy of reaction, and slowing the completion of synthesis.
Does the magnitude of mitral regurgitation determine hemodynamic response to vasodilation in chronic congestive heart failure

Although it is usually assumed that direct-acting vasodilators improve cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) by altering left ventricular preload and afterload, several studies have suggested that most of the benefit occurs as a result of a reduction in associated mitral regurgitation (MR), which is present in the majority of patients with severe CHF. To test his hypothesis, the hemodynamic response to oral hydralazine was examined in CHF patients with competent mitral prostheses (group 1) and patients with CHF due to severe MR and left ventricular dysfunction (group 2). Both groups demonstrated significant increases in cardiac, stroke volume, and stroke work indices, although these were greater in group 2. Only group 2 experienced a significant reduction in left ventricular filling pressure. Thus, the presence of MR is not essential for hemodynamic improvement hut is associated with significantly greater responses.
Flow cytometry analysis of proliferative lesions at the gastrocystoplasty anastomosis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Proliferative epithelial metaplasia that develops in the anastomotic line after gastrocystoplasty has unknown malignant potential. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle profiles is used to predict the neoplastic progression of metaplastic lesions in other proliferative epithelium. We used this technique to evaluate transitional cell metaplasia in rat gastrocystoplasty specimens.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 prepubescent female Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to an experimental group (gastrocystoplasty) or a control group (sham operation). At 21 to 27 months (mean 24.9) after operation 12 rats per group survived to sacrifice. Metaplastic lesions were microdissected to yield a minimum of 104 cells for DNA flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis. Transitional cell epithelium from sham specimens and gastric epithelium from experimental animals served as controls.Results: Transitional cell hyperplasia and metaplasia with cyst formation were found in the anastomotic line in all 12 ...
Fern sporophagy in Coleoptera from the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile, with descriptions of two new genera in Cryptophagidae and Mycetophagidae

. Fern sporophagy is reported in species of Cryptophagidae, Mycetophagidae and Anthribidae occurring on the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. The following taxa are described and/or discussed: Cryptophagidae: Cryptothelypterus gen.n., with five species: C.obrieni sp.n., C.pteropilosus sp.n., C.selkirki (Bruce) comb.n., C.skottsbergi (Bruce) comb.n., and C.splendens (Bruce) comb.n.; Mycetophagidae: Filicivora gen.n., with one species, F.chilensis (Philippi & Philippi) comb.n.; and Anthribidae: Opisolia lenis Jordan. A key to the species of Cryptothelypterus is provided. Convergent adaptations for fern sporophagy in these groups are discussed, hypotheses are given for the evolution of this habit, and comments are made on wing atrophy.
Fluorine Toxicosis and Industry

With the expansion of certain types of industrialization into agricultural areas, fluorosis in livestock has become an important toxicologic problem in some places in the United States and many other countries. Fluorine has beneficial effects when ingested in small amounts, but toxic and adverse effects when ingested in excessive amounts. Many sources may contribute to the total fluorine intake of animals. Various factors influence biologic responses of livestock to ingested fluorides. Fluorosis can be correctly diagnosed and evaluated by qualified individuals. Some methods and procedures are helpful in alleviating fluorine toxicosis. Several programs may be used for settlements and solutions of fluorosis problems. Standards and a comprehensive guide for use in diagnosing and evaluating fluorosis in livestock have been compiled.
EMPLOYMENT CYCLES AND PROCESS INNOVATION IN REGIONAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE

Regional employment cycles, the demand for skilled and unskilled labor, and process innovations are analyzed in the context of an industry product cycle. Employment fluctuations caused by endogenous technological change lead to spatial decentralization of production facilities through capital relocation and spatial divisions of labor. A capital investment profile suggested by the product cycle scenario is related to employment cycles. A price system for output is outlined in terms of wages and profits over the product cycle.
Studies in American Racial Development: An Interim Report

Introduction In 2004, Karen Orren and Stephen Skowronek argued that the subfield of American political development, or APD, was becoming "a veritable cottage industry."1 Its laborers shared critical perspectives on prevailing scholar ship that "suggested new lines of inquiry" on many topics, including "race relations."2 However, Orren and Skow ronek worried that shared critiques were not enough to sustain this emergent intellectual enterprise, whose diverse scholarship increasingly made it hard to say anything about "the development of the American polity overall."3 In response, without offering a "full-blown theory of Amer ican political development," they sought to lay out "the ground on which theory building might now profitably proceed."4 Soon after Desmond S. King and I contended that the APD literature especially lacked "theoretical frame works adequate for analyzing race." Drawing on Orren and Skowronek among other scholars, we sketched what we see as a promising approach, focusing on the role of
Collection of fission and activation product elements from fresh and ocean waters: A comparison of traditional and novel sorbents

Monitoring natural waters for the inadvertent release of radioactive fission products produced as a result of nuclear power generation downstream from these facilities is essential for maintaining water quality. To this end, we evaluated sorbents for simultaneous in-situ large volume extraction of radionuclides with both soft (e.g., Ag) and hard metal (e.g., Co, Zr, Nb, Ba, and Cs) or anionic (e.g., Ru, Te, Sb) character. In this study, we evaluated a number of conventional and novel nanoporous sorbents in both fresh and salt waters. In most cases, the nanoporous sorbents demonstrated enhanced retention of analytes. Salinity had significant effects upon sorbent performance and was most significant for hard cations, specifically Cs and Ba. The presence of natural organic matter had little effect on the ability of chemisorbents to extract target elements.
Magnetization time decay in CrO/sub 2/ tape

Measurements are reported of the bulk saturation magnetization, the coercive field, and the rate of magnetization decay per decade of time of IBM 3480 CrO/sub 2/ tape over the temperature range 1.6 K >
Effect of tyrothricin upon fibrinolysis mediated by streptokinase.

Summary1. Tyrothricin, or one or more of its components, reacts with streptokinase to prevent the activation of plasminogen and formation of plasmin. 2. Treatment of plasminogen with tyrothricin does not inhibit the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase. Plasminogen probably reacts with tyrothricin, preventing the inhibition of the added streptokinase by the antibiotic. 3. Tyrothricin does not inhibit the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin. 4. Penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin, and sulfamerazine did not inhibit the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase nor the fibrinolytic activity of the plasmin.
Oral documents in concept and in situ, part II: managerial decrees

Purpose – “Oral documents in concept and in situ, part I” aims to conceptualize and provide a means to empirically observe an oral document. Part II aims to report the results of continued analysis of the oral data gathered to increase understanding of one type of document, i.e. a managerial decree, which is also conceptualized and empirically observed. Additionally, the results further validate the oral document concept.Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzes oral data by: exploring how they adhere to the articulation of the concept of an oral document; and reporting on an investigation that operationalizes the properties of documents to facilitate empirically observing managerial decrees.Findings – The results reveal one type of oral document, i.e. a managerial decree, being used in practice. This outcome further validates and further clarifies the concept of an oral document. Additionally, three new properties of documentary practice are identified.Research limitations/implications – The meth...
Crystallization kinetics and structure evolution of a polylactic acid during melt and cold crystallization

The isothermal melt and cold crystallization and the evolutions of the mobile and rigid amorphous fractions during the crystallization are fully investigated for a polylactic acid using differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization kinetics is analyzed through fitting the Avrami equation to two different sets of crystallinity data, one obtained from the crystallization extherms and one from the enthalpies of melting and cold crystallization. Both sets yield similar results, indicating the consistency between these two methodologies. The cold crystallization shows clearly faster crystallization rate and has a higher activation energy of 172.3 ± 8.9 versus 109.6 ± 8.8 kJ mol−1 for the melt crystallization. The Avrami exponent of the cold crystallization seems to decrease with increasing crystallization temperature, whereas the exponent of melt crystallization is relatively constant. In addition to the crystalline phase, properties of the mobile and rigid amorphous fractions are also studied and compared. With the increase in crystallinity, the glass transition temperature (T g) of the mobile amorphous phase is found to decrease during the cold crystallization, whereas T g decreases and then increases during the melt crystallization, indicating slightly different environment formed. However, no obvious difference is found regarding the heat capacity change at T g nor the cooperative length scale associated with T g. Furthermore, the rigid amorphous fraction is determined and found to be 30 % at the maximum crystallinity for the both cold- and melt-crystallized samples.
The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction and ADHD Symptoms in Middle School Students: Using a Bifactor Model.

Objective: ADHD is associated with increased academic and social difficulties and comorbid psychopathology which may lead to decreased life satisfaction (LS). Methods: The current study utilized a ...
Resonant transfer and excitation in collisions of Li-like F6+ and Ca17+ with light targets

Theoretical cross sections for resonant transfer and excitation followed by a stabilizing radiative transition are compared with experimental data for ${\mathrm{F}}^{6+}$+${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{17+}$+${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{17+}$+He collisions. Extensive calculations of radiative and nonradiative rates were performed with the Hartree-Fock atomic model for Be-like fluorine and calcium. The energy dependence and the main features of the experimental data are explained well by our calculations in the impulse approximation. The calculated and experimental absolute cross sections are also in agreement within the quoted experimental uncertainties.
Methylene blue blocks cGMP production and disrupts directed migration of microglia to nerve lesions in the leech CNS.

Migration and accumulation of microglial cells at sites of injury are important for nerve repair. Recent studies on the leech central nervous system (CNS), in which synapse regeneration is successful, have shown that nitric oxide (NO) generated immediately after injury by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) stops migrating microglia at the lesion. The present study obtained results indicating that NO may act earlier, on microglia migration, and aimed to determine mechanisms underlying NO's effects. Injury induced cGMP immunoreactivity at the lesion in a pattern similar to that of eNOS activity, immunoreactivity, and microglial cell accumulation, which were all focused there. The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor methylene blue (MB) at 60 microM abolished cGMP immunoreactivity at lesions and blocked microglial cell migration and accumulation without interfering with axon conduction. Time-lapse video microscopy of microglia in living nerve cords showed MB did not reduce cell movement but reduced directed movement, with significantly more cells moving away from the lesion or reversing direction and fewer cells moving toward the lesion. The results indicate a new role for NO, directing the microglial cell migration as well as stopping it, and show that NO's action may be mediated by cGMP.
A Wearable User's Dashboard and Turn Signals

Walking with a wearable computer should be more like driving a car. With a car, much of the attention is dedicated to the environment around you: looking for pedestrians, watching for stop signs, and staying in your lane. Occasionally, when everything looks clear, you might look at the speedometer, fuel gauge, or radio station displayed on the dashboard. These displays are arranged and designed so that you can monitor the car's state with a glance. Yet the displays don't intrude-the author determines when and how often he looks at them. He manages his own attention.
On the construction of holograms and halftone pictures with an ink plotter

A simple program for producing simulated intensity patterns on an ink plotter is described, and the results of the application of the program to the construction of a computergenerated hologram and a halftone picture are presented.
Image Reconstruction of the Interior of Bodies That Diffuse Radiation

A method for reconstructing images from projections is described. The unique aspect of the procedure is that the reconstruction of the internal structure can be carried out for objects that diffuse the incident radiation. The method may be used with photons, phonons, neutrons, and many other kinds of radiation. The procedure has applications to medical imaging, industrial imaging, and geophysical imaging.