cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Analysis of and Predictive Model Development for Weather Reroute Advisory Use

In response to severe weather conditions, traffic management coordinators specify reroutes to route air traffic around affected regions of airspace. Providing analysis and recommendations of available reroute options would assist the traffic management coordinators in making more efficient rerouting decisions. These recommendations can be developed by examining historical data to determine which previous reroute options were used in similar weather and traffic conditions. Essentially, using previous information to inform future decisions. This paper describes the initial steps and methodology used towards this goal. A method to extract relevant features from the large volume of weather data to quantify the convective weather scenario during a particular time range is presented. Similar routes are clustered. A description of the algorithm to identify which cluster of reroute advisories were actually followed by pilots is described. Models built for fifteen of the top twenty most frequently used reroute clusters correctly predict the use of the cluster for over 60 of the test examples. Results are preliminary but indicate that the methodology is worth pursuing with modifications based on insight gained from this analysis.
Beyond statistics: what is really important in medicine?

Clinicians should apply clinical reasoning when interpreting trial results, and researchers should find better ways of measuring “soft” outcomes, such as quality of life.
Discovery in Droplets

In the summer of 2009, Daniel Chiu’s prescient review in Analytical Chemistry described droplet microfluidics, an emerging concept and malleable analytical tool.1 The article primarily discussed the potential of single droplets to aid in the study of immensely complex systems, such as single cells and organelles. But droplets, by way of miniaturization and parallelization, were also clearly poised to survey much broader swathes of chemical and biological space in discovery-oriented high-throughput experimentation. Picoliter-scale analysis coupled with microfluidic integration could very realistically deliver million-fold improvements in throughput, potentially revolutionizing diverse applications from protein engineering to drug lead identification. The technology needed to tackle these difficult problems was still just emerging, but 2009 featured a dramatic expansion in microfluidic componentry for generating and manipulating large quantities of droplets (e.g., incubation, picoinjection, sorting, etc.). Today they collectively form the microfluidic circuit engineer’s standard palette of parts. Microfluidic circuit component integration, once largely concerned with moving bulk fluid between reactions and separation-based analysis channels, has entered a digital renaissance. Single devices now generate, handle, and analyze sample collections that vastly eclipse the capabilities of even the most sophisticated robotic automation. This review highlights recent (primarily 2013-2015) themes in technology development that continue to build the foundation of droplet-based discovery platforms, and new challenges in droplet-scale information storage and retrieval that have coalesced around these new platforms.
Identity and Power Use in Exchange Networks

We introduce a theoretical argument about how the fairness identity influences exchange behaviors in negotiated exchange networks. To test this argument, we use data from a laboratory experiment. R...
Facility-based constraints to exchange transfusions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings.

Facility-based constraints to exchange transfusions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in pediatric dentistry residency programs: a survey of program directors.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of clinical training on atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) among pediatric dentistry residency programs and assess program directors' attitudes toward ART. METHODS All U.S. Pediatric Dentistry residency programs' directors were asked to complete a web-based survey. Sixty-one of the 76 directors (80 percent) completed the survey, with no significant response bias. RESULTS Eighty-nine percent of the responding programs provided clinical instruction on ART. Of these, 30 percent provided ART training often/very often. ART was used mostly in single-surface cavities (43 percent) and as an interim treatment in primary teeth (57 percent). Factors associated with ART clinical training included not placing amalgams in primary teeth (P<.03) and having directors with positive attitudes toward ART (P<.001). Factors associated with directors' positive attitudes included believing that child's caries risk (P<.006), professional guidelines (P<.003), and patient insurance status (P<.04) were all important in selecting restorative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Atraumatic restorative therapy appears to be underused in pediatric dentistry residency programs in the United States. Residency directors' attitudes were highly predictive of the amount of clinical training provided, suggesting that directors need to be better informed about the use of ART.
Young adult and parent stakeholder perspectives on participation in patient-centered comparative effectiveness research

Aim: Explore perspectives of adolescent and young adult (AYA) and parent stakeholders regarding their engagement in comparative effectiveness research (CER) evaluating cholesterol screening and treatment strategies for 17–21 year olds. Methods: All nine AYAs and parent stakeholders participating in a 20-member panel of AYAs, parents and professionals (i.e., clinicians, researchers, policy makers, payers), completed a quantitative survey and a semistructured interview at the completion of the core CER study. Results & Conclusion: AYAs and parents stakeholders emphasized the role of power differentials regarding shared knowledge, relationships and trust, and logistics. To mitigate power differentials, stakeholders recommended more materials, clearer definition of roles and in-person meetings. Perceived positive outcomes included diversity of perspectives provided, better understanding their own health and decision-making and improving CER.
Inherent Conformational Preferences of Ac-Gln-Gln-NHBn: Sidechain Hydrogen Bonding Supports a β-Turn in the Gas Phase

Gas-phase single-conformation spectroscopy is used to study Ac-Gln-Gln-NHBn in order to probe the interplay between sidechain hydrogen bonding and backbone conformational preferences. This small, amide-rich peptide offers many possibilities for backbone-backbone, sidechain-backbone, and sidechain-sidechain interactions. The major conformer observed experimentally features a type-I β-turn with a canonical 10-membered ring C=O-H-N hydrogen bond between backbone amide groups. In addition, the C=O group of each Gln sidechain participates in a seven-membered ring hydrogen bond with the backbone NH of the same residue. Thus, sidechain hydrogen-bonding potential is satisfied in a manner that is consistent with and stabilizes the β-turn secondary structure. This turn-forming propensity may be relevant to pathogenic amyloid formation by polyglutamine segments in human proteins.
Novel Ballistic Processing of Sn-0.7Cu Thick Films

The present paper discusses a novel process (Ballistic Processing) for the ultra-rapid processing of textured and un-textured thick and potentially thin films. The effect of processing velocity (14.6 to 36.1 m/s) on the developed external structure and internal microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu thick film is discussed. Film thicknesses ranging from 6.08 to 12.79 μm were produced and characterized by two-dimensional hypoeutectic microstructures. Both film thickness and dendrite arm spacing decreased with an increase in processing velocity.
Efflux Pumps in Campylobacter: Key Players for Antimicrobial Resistance and Environmental Adaption

Campylobacter jejuni, a Gram-negative organism, is a major enteric pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter is increasingly prevalent, posing a serious threat to public health. Campylobacter species have developed multiple mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance, including active extrusion of antimicrobial agents using efflux transporters. Some of these transporters have been well characterized, revealing their important functions in conferring resistance to antibiotics used for clinical therapy, organic arsenic compounds used for animal production, and antimicrobials naturally present in animal host. Among the characterized efflux transporters in Campylobacter, the CmeABC pump of the resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily serves as the primary efflux system and is essential for Campylobacter colonization in the intestinal tract owing to its key role in bile resistance. Several transcriptional regulators, such as CmeR, CosR, and ArsR, are found to modulate the expression of these efflux transporters in response to the presence of inducers, which are normally the substrates of the corresponding efflux systems. In this chapter, we discuss the current knowledge on antimicrobial transporters in Campylobacter, with an emphasis on structure, function, and regulation. Additionally, we describe inhibition of antimicrobial efflux as a potential approach to combating antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp.
Mesh-based phase contrast Fourier transform imaging

Abstract Traditional x-ray radiography is limited by low attenuation contrast in materials of low electron density. Phase contrast imaging offers the potential to improve the contrast between such materials, but due to the requirements on the spatial coherence of the x-ray beam, practical implementation of such systems with tabletop ( i.e. non-synchrotron) sources has been limited. One phase imaging technique employs multiple fine-pitched gratings. However, the strict manufacturing tolerances and precise alignment requirements have limited the widespread adoption of grating-based techniques. In this work, we have investigated a recently developed technique that utilizes a single grid of much coarser pitch. Our system consisted of a low power 100 µm spot Mo source, a CCD with 22 µm pixel pitch, and either a focused mammography linear grid or a stainless steel woven mesh. Phase is extracted from a single image by windowing and comparing data localized about harmonics of the mesh in the Fourier domain. The effects on the diffraction phase contrast and scattering amplitude images of varying grid types and periods, and of varying the width of the window function used to separate the harmonics were investigated. Using the wire mesh, derivatives of the phase along two orthogonal directions were obtained and combined to form improved phase contrast images.
Stress and the trade-off between hippocampal and striatal memory

Stress can strongly influence memory, in part by modulating the relative engagement of multiple memory systems. Over the last fifteen years, researchers have demonstrated that stress leads striatal, rather than hippocampal, memory to be dominant in both humans and non-human animals. This shift has been proposed to explain the etiology and maintenance of symptoms of stress-related psychopathology. However, it remains unclear how hippocampal and striatal memory are affected individually in order to facilitate this trade-off. Recent studies provide empirical support for (at least) three different pathways by which stress could modulate these memory systems. Evidence for these diverse effects of stress, and circumstances under which each might occur, are discussed.
A Basic ApoE-Based Peptide Mediator to Deliver Proteins across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Long-Term Efficacy, Toxicity, and Mechanism.

We have investigated delivery of protein therapeutics from the bloodstream into the brain using a mouse model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a lysosomal disease due to deficiencies in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1). Supraphysiological levels of TPP1 are delivered to the mouse brain by acute intravenous injection when co-administered with K16ApoE, a peptide that in trans mediates passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Chronic treatment of LINCL mice with TPP1 and K16ApoE extended the lifespan from 126 to >294 days, diminished pathology, and slowed locomotor dysfunction. K16ApoE enhanced uptake of a fixable biotin tracer by brain endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that its mechanism involves stimulation of endocytosis. Pharmacokinetic experiments indicated that K16ApoE functions without disrupting the BBB, with minimal effects on overall clearance or uptake by the liver and kidney. K16ApoE has a narrow therapeutic index, with toxicity manifested as lethargy and/or death in mice. To address this, we evaluated variant peptides but found that efficacy and toxicity are associated, suggesting that desired and adverse effects are mechanistically related. Toxicity currently precludes direct clinical application of peptide-mediated delivery in its present form but it remains a useful approach to proof-of-principle studies for biologic therapies to the brain in animal models.
Ten Characteristics of Quality Indexes: Confessions of an Award-Winning Indexer: Towery, Margie. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2016, xi+ 140 pp., $45.00, ISBN 978-1-57387-526-4.

Margie Towery is not a rookie indexer. She has been an indexer for over twenty years. Although she began her career in publishing in 1986, she did not identify herself as a professional indexer unt...
High-frequency modeling, parameterization, and simulation of IPM motor drive systems

Interior-permanent-magnet (IPM) motor drive systems are widely used in industrial applications. As power transistors are made faster, it is important to establish accurate high-frequency (HF) models of IPM motor drive systems so that transient overvoltages, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and motor/converter losses can be predicted more accurately to facilitate system design and verification. In this paper, a HF IPM motor model is proposed. A conventional qd0 IPM motor model is augmented to portray the HF transients. The motor model is parameterized using measured differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) impedance characteristics. In addition, a HF cable model is proposed whose parameters can be established from DM and CM impedance measurements under short- and open-circuit conditions. An αβ0 model is used to implement the cable model in simulation. Both models can readily be implemented using circuit-based simulators, such as LTspice, so that established SPICE transistor models can be used to predict switching transients, EMI and losses.
Multivariate Scale mixtures for joint sparse regularization in multi-task learning

In this paper we address the problem of learning shared sparse representation across several tasks. Assuming that the tasks share a common set of relevant features across all tasks is highly restrictive. This acts as a motivation to look for a generalized model which will be able to learn any correlation structure present between the tasks. We propose a generalized scale mixture distribution, the Multivariate Power Exponential Scale Mixture (M-PESM), as a joint sparsity promoting prior and derive a unified framework which consists of many of the popular Multitask Learning algorithms. Our proposed unified model also has the ability to learn any present correlation structure between tasks which leads to a more robust framework.
Management: A Key to Irrigation Efficiency

Irrigated agriculture accounts for most of the water consumptively used. Losses of irrigation water that occur in its movement from source to ultimate use are described, and some unavoidable water losses in water management are identified. Various cultural practices, irrigation systems and consumptive use data are discussed, in relation to water conservation.
Temperature and distance dependence of plasmon enhanced InAs/InGaAs/GaAs dot-in-a-well near IR emission

Using gold nanorods (AuNRs) as plasmonic structures to couple the InAs QD emitter for enhancing carrier generation and photon emission, temperature dependent PL emission over a range of 10K to room temperature has been studied systematically by varying the GaAs thickness.
Does Dietary Fiber Reduce the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Accumulating evidence has suggested the effects of a higher dietary fiber intake on weight loss and reduced inflammation. In line with this, recent observations presented higher consumption of dietary fiber in relation to the lower risks of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and worsening knee pain. Because both obesity and inflammation are commonly linked with knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and preliminary results have suggested a role of microbiome in both joint disorders, we hypothesized that increased dietary fiber intakes might confer benefits in reducing the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and/or delaying disease progression. In this commentary, we sought to provide rationales regarding fiber’s physiological characteristics and its influence in the gut microbiome to postulate a potential link between fiber intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Verification of these hypotheses requires data from observational and experimental studies.
Asian Americans and materialism: Exploring the phenomenon and its why and when.

OBJECTIVES Consumer values, including but not limited to materialism, have received much less attention than other topics within research on Asian Americans. METHODS Across 3 studies (N = 6,955), the author explored the difference between Asian Americans and White/European Americans on materialism, and the mediating and moderating mechanisms. RESULTS Studies 1a-1c found Asian Americans, compared to White/European Americans, more strongly endorsed materialistic values. In Study 2, the author tested a multiple mediation model and demonstrated that Asian Americans, compared to White/European Americans, more strongly endorse materialistic values because they reported higher extrinsic aspirations (i.e., stronger desires for money, image, and popularity). Finally, in Study 3, the author tested a moderation model and found that Asian Americans who are higher on a general tendency to adhere to norms endorse a greater level of materialism than White/European Americans. CONCLUSIONS The author discussed how these results have implications for expanding the research topics within research on Asian Americans, consequences for mental health and provide future directions to counteract materialism. (PsycINFO Database Record
Predictors of anemia and iron status at birth in neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses.

Iron (Fe) status of neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses might be compromised as a consequence of the high prevalence of maternal Fe deficiency and anemia coupled with an increased risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to characterize and identify determinants of anemia in this neonatal population. Umbilical cord blood obtained from 183 neonates was utilized to assess hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, serum Fe, erythropoietin, folate, vitamin B-12, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Associations with maternal Fe status were explored. Cord Hb or SF did not change significantly as a function of gestational age at birth (25–38 wks). Neonates born to women who were obese prior to pregnancy or smoked cigarettes during pregnancy had a 4–5-fold greater odds of anemia at birth. Cord sTfR was the strongest indicator of cord Hb (P < 0.0001), and it was significantly associated with maternal sTfR at mid-gestation (P = 0.01) and delivery (P = 0.002). Cord Fe indicators were significantly associated with cord hepcidin, but not maternal hepcidin. Screening for Fe status in neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses is warranted, especially for those born to smokers or to women who are obese at entry into pregnancy.
Analysis of rotordynamic forces for high inlet pre-swirl rate labyrinth seals

Labyrinth seals are widely used in various kinds of turbo machines and they can change rotordynamic properties of the system by generating forces on the rotor. A linearized model has been widely used by previous researchers to describe the rotordynamic properties of the labyrinth seal. However, recent predictions of the rotordynamic coefficients using a CFD analysis approach have shown that the linearized first-order model could not accurately describe the characteristics for high pre-swirl cases; therefore a second-order model including inertia terms was built and applied for rotordynamic analysis. The results confirmed the necessity of the second-order model in high pre-swirl conditions.
Pharmacokinetics of tazarotene and acitretin in psoriasis.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a prevalent cutaneous condition with severe physical and psychological manifestations. Since the advent of biologics, clinical outcomes in psoriasis have improved. Howeve...
Metadata as Content: Navigating the Intersection of Repositories, Documentation, and Legacy Futures

Documentary Relations of the Southwest (DRSW) is a dataset of bibliographic metadata derived from over 1500 reels of microfilmed documents that trace the history of the southwest from the 16th century until Mexico's independence in 1821. Originally made available to scholars through a now defunct proprietary repository, DRSW’s future is currently being assessed in the context of other repository solutions. While migrating content is a familiar scenario, this migration highlights key challenges in navigating the intersection of legacy design and possible futures for metadata curation and repository selection. This presentation deals with challenges revolving around three paradigms: metadata as content, system documentation generation, and metadata futures for indexing and integration
(295) Potential Targets for Pain Management among Patients with Co-Occurring Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain

Although chronic pain is highly prevalent among patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), it often goes untreated in this clinical setting, partly because of the absence of evidence-based integrated treatments for co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). An important first step to addressing this gap is to examine whether some common targets of psychosocial pain interventions (i.e., pain acceptance and pain catastrophizing) are predictive of core pain outcomes among MMT patients with chronic pain. The present study examined whether pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance uniquely predict pain severity and pain interference, which are IMMPACT-recommended core chronic pain outcome domains, among MMT patients who also have chronic pain. Among 147 MMT patients who completed a battery of self-report measures, 89 participants who met the criteria for chronic pain were included in the final sample. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test whether pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance have additive prediction of pain severity and pain interference above and beyond covariates including age, sex, race, depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress level, and current methadone dose. Both pain catastrophizing (p
Using Machine Learning to Predict Progression in the Gastric Precancerous Process in a Population from a Developing Country Who Underwent a Gastroscopy for Dyspeptic Symptoms

Background. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Morbidity and mortality from gastric cancer may be decreased by identification of those that are at high risk for progression in the gastric precancerous process so that they can be monitored over time for early detection and implementation of preventive strategies. Method. Using machine learning, we developed prediction models for gastric precancerous progression in a population from a developing country with a high rate of gastric cancer who underwent gastroscopies for dyspeptic symptoms. In the data imputed for completeness, we divided the data into a training and a validation test set. Using the training set, we used the random forest method to rank potential predictors based on their predictive importance. Using predictors identified by the random forest method, we conducted best subset linear regressions with the leave-one-out cross-validation approach to select predictors for overall progression and progression to dysplasia or cancer. We validated the models in the test set using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results. We observed for all models that complete intestinal metaplasia and incomplete intestinal metaplasia were the strongest predictors for further progression in the precancerous process. We also observed that a diagnosis of no gastritis, superficial gastritis, or antral diffuse gastritis at baseline was a predictor of no progression in the gastric precancerous process. The sensitivities and specificities were 86% and 79% for the general model and 100% and 82% for the location-specific model, respectively. Conclusion. We developed prediction models to identify gastroscopy patients that are more likely to progress in the gastric precancerous process, among whom routine follow-up gastroscopies can be targeted to prevent gastric cancer. Future external validation is needed.
Nonfluorinated Superhydrophobic Chemical Coatings on Polyester Fabric Prepared with Kinetically Controlled Hydrolyzed Methyltrimethoxysilane

Nonfluorinated chemical coatings to generate durable water repellency have become increasingly important as a method of improving materials and product performance. Here we report a kinetically con...
Manipulating the Magnetization of a Nanomagnet with Surface Acoustic Waves: Spin-Rotation Mechanism

A century ago, Samuel Barnett magnetized a large body by mechanical rotation, and Albert Einstein and Wander de Haas observed rotation of a solid produced by a change in its magnetization. These effects are weak when the rotation is slow, but local mechanical rotations produced by high-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are very fast. The authors show that one can reverse the moment of a nanomagnet on a solid's surface via SAWs generated by short voltage pulses, for logic and memory applications.
A Stochastic Multiscale Model of Cardiac Thin Filament Activation Using Brownian-Langevin Dynamics

We use Brownian-Langevin dynamics principles to derive a coarse-graining multiscale myofilament model that can describe the thin-filament activation process during contraction. The model links atomistic molecular simulations of protein-protein interactions in the thin-filament regulatory unit to sarcomere-level activation dynamics. We first calculate the molecular interaction energy between tropomyosin and actin surface using Brownian dynamics simulations. This energy profile is then generalized to account for the observed tropomyosin transitions between its regulatory stable states. The generalized energy landscape then served as a basis for developing a filament-scale model using Langevin dynamics. This integrated analysis, spanning molecular to thin-filament scales, is capable of tracking the events of the tropomyosin conformational changes as it moves over the actin surface. The tropomyosin coil with flexible overlap regions between adjacent tropomyosins is represented in the model as a system of coupled stochastic ordinary differential equations. The proposed multiscale approach provides a more detailed molecular connection between tropomyosin dynamics, the trompomyosin-actin interaction-energy landscape, and the generated force by the sarcomere.
Breast Cancer on Instagram: A Descriptive Study

Background : Breast cancer has an impact not only on those who are diagnosed, but also on their social network, creating an even greater need for the availability of reliable information and support. Methods : The purpose of this study was to document the content of posts on the highly popular social media platform, Instagram. Posts were garnered and analyzed from Instagram using the hashtag #breastcancer. Data were collected at three different points in time in 2018 and were then aggregated. Results : The most common attributes were highlighting an individual story ( n = 76), discussing support for those with breast cancer ( n = 75), discussing treatment ( n = 55), or promoting an alternative treatment or product ( n = 24). Posts that contained images of people were more likely highlight an individual story ( P = 0.001) and discuss treatment ( P = 0.046). Conclusions : Future research can focus on best practices for developing breast cancer‑related information on social media. Keywords : Breast cancer, Instagram, social media
Post-Secondary Ready:Does the STEM curriculum Matter?

A high quality STEM preparatory curriculum can help students develop foundational skills and knowledge they require to successfully pursue a variety of college majors and future careers. In particular, use of STEM-related curricula, such as the curriculum found in STEM schools and PLTW schools, has been recommended as a strategy for increasing students’ college readiness and reducing barriers to college entrance and success. The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ postsecondary Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) preparedness for entering academic and career pathways. The authors examined college and career readiness of students in grades 11-12 who attended: (a) schools implementing Project Lead the Way curriculum (PLTW schools), (b) Texas inclusive STEM high schools that do not implement PLTW curriculum (T-STEM schools), and (c) schools that do not implement any STEM curriculum or PLTW curriculum (non-STEM/non-PLTW schools). The results of this study indicated that T-STEM schools had the highest rate of student career readiness when compared to PLTW and non-PLTW/non-STEM schools. However, non-PLTW/non-STEM schools had the highest rate of student college readiness when compared to the other two school types. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between college readiness and career readiness. These findings lay the groundwork for educators to continue modifying educational curricula to support students’ academic readiness for their future careers.
Space Vehicle Navigation, Guidance, and Control

Abstract : The report contains a summary of space vehicle guidance and control plus an extensive bibliography of the subject area. This report is intended to encompass only the interplanetary portion of the space vehicle flight. Launch vehicle guidance and control is covered in RSIC-494, entitled Methods of Launch Vehicle Control. However, some fringe information in the area of orbital flight is included in the bibliography which may be applicable to interplanetary flight.
Fluorescein-mediated sonodynamic therapy in a rat glioma model.

Malignant gliomas have a dismal prognosis and significant efforts are being made to develop more effective treatments. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging modality for cancer treatment which combines ultrasound with sonosensitizers to produce a localized cytotoxic effect. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of SDT with fluorescein (FL) and low-intensity focused ultrasound in inhibiting the growth of ectopic gliomas implanted in the rat’s subcutaneous tissue. In vivo cytotoxicity of FL-SDT was evaluated in C6 rat glioma cells which were inoculated subcutaneously. Tumor specific extracellular FL extravasation and accumulation was assessed with IVIS imaging in rats receiving systemic FL. Effects of FL-SDT with focused low-intensity ultrasound on tumor growth, and histological features of the rat’s tumors were investigated. Treatment related apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed using hematoxylin & eosin, and apoptosis-specific staining. IVIS imaging revealed a high degree of FL accumulation within the tumor, with a nearly threefold increase in tumoral epifluorescence signal over background. SDT significantly inhibited outgrowth of ectopic C6 gliomas across all three FUS exposure conditions. TUNEL and active caspase-3 staining did not reveal conclusive trends across control and SDT condition for apoptosis. Our results suggest that SDT with FL and low-intensity FUS is effective in inhibiting the growth of ectopic malignant gliomas in rats. The selective FL extravasation and accumulation in the tumor areas where the blood–brain barrier is damaged suggests the tumor-specificity of the treatment. The possibility to use this treatment in intracranial models and in human gliomas will have to be explored in further studies.
“Revealing the extraordinary in the ordinary”: rhythmanalysis and employment related geographical mobilities of Newfoundland and Labrador home care workers

This paper uses an intersectional rhythmanalysis approach to examine the predominantly female, working-class home care workers’ employment-related geographical mobility (E-RGM) (their mobility to, ...
ℋ 2 Optimized PID Control of Quad-Copter Platform with Wind Disturbance

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) scheme is the most commonly used algorithm for designing the controllers for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, tuning PID gains is a non trivial task. A number of methods have been developed for tuning the PID gains for UAV systems. However, these methods do not handle wind disturbances, which is a major concern for small UAVs. In this paper, we propose a new method for determining optimized PID gains in the ℋ 2 optimal control framework, which achieves improved wind disturbance rejection. The proposed method compares the classical PID control law with the ℋ 2 optimal controller to determine the ℋ 2 optimal PID gains, and involves solving a convex optimization problem. The proposed controller is tested in two scenarios, namely, vertical velocity control, and vertical position control. The results are compared with the existing LQR based PID tuning method.
Analytical Method of Determining the Length of Transition Spiral

There is no intention on the part of the writer to advance a new theory for the transition spiral design, but rather to consolidate what has already been known into some well defined expressions th...
PanNDE: A modular architecture for high-performance NDE simulation

Abstract PanNDE is a C++ software package for simulating field physics encountered in nondestructive evaluation (NDE), with application across a range of engineering and scientific domains. A modular architecture enables flexible configuration for key components of NDE simulation covering 3D visualization compatibility, data import and export, distributed memory parallelism, and solver composition. The current software package delivers an implementation for high-performance computing (HPC) simulation for 3D elastodynamics. The architecture and extant modules provide a basis for incremental development to target improvements in performance and extensibility for additional physics, while minimizing the rework required to expand or alter functionality as use needs evolve. This paper presents a description of the motivation, architecture, and implementation behind PanNDE. Example cases demonstrate a validated elastodynamic guided wave solution for a layered anisotropic part, and a complex geometry simulation to demonstrate usability and 3D visualization.
Storying Dreaming and Learning

We are responsible for dreaming together, learning and teaching with all learners, especially for newcomers including asylum-seeking families, refugees, and immigrants. How do we support the education of children whose families have migrated from all over the world in this era’s combined crises? We promote stories as an effective way to honor, understand, and learn from people who have different family histories and different experiences from ourselves. We believe that through storying we can support all children’s learning. Through story, our brains and hearts have “license” to work together to make sense. This meaning can be associated with social and emotional aspects of life, with cognitive and knowledge-building learning, or can open spaces for art to express things that languages cannot. Children are experts at combining factual reality and fantasy as they try to make sense of their worlds. I use the metaphor of a circle in which children are the throughlines as we guide each other to “dream together” through storying about the interrelationship of life and learning. And while the work of scholars, activists, and authors, supports the circles like strong spiderwebs, the children’s voices make the music of the meaning. In this discussion of theorists, activists, artists, and other adults, children appear and on the scenes as experts in a metaphorical way of hiding and seeking.
Quantum integrated photonics

Integrated Photonic circuits provide a scalable and stable platform for realizing quantum information technologies. In this talk I will discuss integrated photonic chips for the production, manipulation and storage of quantum bits (qubits). I will present two platforms for quantum photonics: one based on Silicon which leverages the high density of Silicon Photonic technologies, and the other based on Aluminum Nitride (AlN) which operates at visible/UV wavelengths and is highly suited for the realization of hybrid quantum systems based on atoms and solid state emitters. Lastly, I will present our related work on integrated photonic packaging at AIM Photonics Test, Assembling and Packaging (TAP) facility. The packaging capabilities include die, laser and fiber attach – all of which enable the realization of complex quantum photonic circuits.
NASA Ikhana Project Status: FAA Pilot Training and ABS-B Flight Tests

This is an overview of the Ikhana Project Status to include MQ-9 Ikhana Pilot training provided to the FAA Aviation Safety Inspector pilots, MQ-9 Ikhana ADS-B Flight test results.
Occurrence and Mechanisms of Microbial Oxidation of Manganese

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses occurrence and mechanisms of microbial oxidation of Manganese. It examines the biogeochemistry and microbiology of manganese. The chapter focuses on two aspects of the field in which recent progress has been made: field studies of Mn(II) oxidation, including newly developed methods for measuring rates of Mn(II) oxidation and a (2) synopsis of some of the field data that unequivocally establishes the importance of microbes in Mn(II) oxidation in natural systems. The chapter also presents a brief synopsis of some of the field data that unequivocally establishes the importance of microbes in Mn(II) oxidation in natural systems. Finally, the chapter discusses the recent physiological, structural, and biochemical studies of microbial manganese oxidation. In this context, it presents an overview of the chemistry and biology of manganese, which must be understood in order to properly appreciates the field and laboratory studies.
Experience with intra-amniotic hypertonic saline injections: Aburel's procedure

Abstract After the twelfth week of pregnancy, intra-amniotic instillation of 20 per cent NaCl solution was performed successfully in 56 of 60 cases. The indications for termination were therapeutic abortion, missed abortion, and fetal death. The average injection-delivery time was 38 hours. This time was dependent upon the amount of saline instilled but independent of the volume of amniotic fluid removed, the patient's age, gestational period, and parity. A sickle cell crisis produced by intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline is discussed and the danger of performing Aburel's procedure in patients with hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic disease is stressed. No hemorrhages or lacerations were experienced and the morbidity rate was 5 per cent. The placenta was retained for more than one hour in 27 per cent of the cases. The average hospital confinement was 62 hours if the case of sickle cell crisis is excluded. Physiologic alterations in blood volume, electroencephalogram, serum sodium, hemoglobin, and hematocrit are discussed in relation to the safeguards necessary to maintain minimal morbidity and mortality rates.
The Concept of Capitalism

Any study of the rise of capitalism, of its origins and evolution, necessarily presupposes a certain conception of capitalism. It is the purpose of this chapter to put forth the conception upon which this book’s study of capitalism is based, namely: Capitalism is an indirect system of governance for economic relationships.
Relationship between actin-myosin interaction and myosin light chain phosphorylation in human placental smooth muscle.

Abstract Myosin in human term placentas was recently characterized (see reference 11), and in the present study the regulation of actin-myosin interaction in placental smooth muscle was examined. It was found that the 17,500 mw light chain of the placental myosin can be phosphorylated or dephosphorylated in vitro by endogenous myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase enzymes. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of placental actomyosin increases about fourfold upon myosin phosphorylation. As both the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions depend on the presence of divalent cations, the state of myosin phosphorylation could be fixed with the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). In the course of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation experiments, aliquots of the reaction mixture were mixed with EDTA and the actomyosin fractions with varying degrees of phosphorylation were isolated by Sepharose-4B chromatography. By analysis of the actomyosin samples, a quantitative relationship was established between the degree of myosin phosphorylation and actomyosin ATPase activity. With respect to the role of calcium, it was found that the placental myosin light chain kinase is active only in the presence of calcium, but there is no further calcium requirement for actin-myosin interaction. The contractile state of smooth muscle in the placental villi and in the wall of placental blood vessels is instrumental in the maintenance of blood flow. Thus, the state of myosin phosphorylation is an important factor in the regulation of uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation. The placenta is a unique and accessible source of human smooth muscle proteins. The myosin phosphorylation system described in this paper appears to be a good model for the study of the pharmacologic and hormonal regulation of smooth muscle contractility.
The immediate and long-term outcome of obstetric birth trauma: I. Brachial plexus paralysis☆

Abstract The long-term effects of neonatal brachial paralysis were investigated in 59 children from the Collaborative Perinatal Study. The causal or contributory role of adverse obstetric factors is clearly evident. These included large fetal size, dysfunctional and dystocic labor, abnormal presentations, and evidence of fetal distress. Resuscitation was frequently required for affected infants, and low Apgar scores were also common. Paralysis was transitory in 56 infants. In the vast majority of cases, there was no evidence of long-term effects of the perinatal injury and asphyxia as judged by the results of neurological examinations at one year or by psychological test scores at 8 months and at 4 years.
Severe Neonatal Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare form of porphyria, presenting during the neonatal period or during infancy. Clinical features include photosensitive blistering and severe anemia. Wood's lamp fluorescence of the diaper is a useful screening test. We describe a severely affected neonate with systemic involvement due to a homozygous mutation. Because of ongoing severe hemolytic anemia and severe photosensitivity, bone-marrow transplantation was performed, but the patient ultimately succumbed to chemotherapy-induced lung damage, as well as severe pulmonary hypertension, likely due to his chronic hemolytic anemia.
Hydrogen chloride partitioning in a Titan III exhaust cloud diluted with ambient air

Measurements and analysis are presented of the partitioning of HCl between hydrochloric acid aerosol and gaseous HCl in a Titan III exhaust cloud, as the cloud is diluted with humid ambient air. Partitioning was determined by measuring the gaseous HCl concentration with a recently developed airborne Gas Filter Correlation detector and simultaneously with a chemiluminescence detector which measures total HCl. Although equilibrium predictions for HCl aerosol formation indicated that no HCl aerosol should exist in the exhaust cloud for the meteorological conditions of this launch, the measurements indicated significant HCl aerosol formation. These measurements will provide verification for advanced modeling programs now under development.
P–N junction capacitance†

Abstract The voltage intercept of the inverse capacitance squared versus voltage curve, for reverse and slight forward bias, has been measured for a variety of alloyed p-n junction diodes made in two ways : normally, so that the substrate was the weakly doped side of the junction ; and abnormally, so that the alloyed aide of the junction was the more weakly doped. Junction capacitance measurements indicate that the intercept varies only with effective weak-side doping concentration. Results are compared with various theoretical expressions from the literature, and also (favourable) to a new approach which considers the ‘ middle ’ of the junction capacitor to be the intrinsic point (zero not mobile charge) rather than the metallurgical junction.
Double Glacier Volcano, a 'new' Quaternary volcano in the eastern Aleutian volcanic arc

The Double Glacier Volcano (DGV) is a small dome complex of porphyritic hornblende andesite and dacite that is part of the Cook Inlet segment of Quaternary volcanoes of the eastern Aleutian arc. Its discovery reduces the previously described large volcano gap in Cook Inlet segment to a distance similar to that between other volcanoes in the area. DGV lavas are medium-K, calcalkaline andesites and dacites with concentrations of major and minor elements similar to the other Quaternary volcanoes of the Cook Inlet segment. Available K-Ar ages indicate that DGV was active 600–900 ka.
Why Generalisability is not Generalisable

In the United States there is an increasing tendency to view the only educational research worthy of federal funding as that which is designed as an experiment using randomised controls. One of the foundational assumptions underlying this research design is that the results of such research are meant to be generalisable beyond any particular research study. The purpose of this paper is to historicise the assumption of generalisability by explaining the ways in which it is a particularly modern research project. By historicising generalisability, I show the ways in which the current research standards are products of culturally specific historical circumstances. In other words, generalisability is a local phenomenon and not generalisable to other times and places.
On the high resolution infrared spectrum of HCNO

Abstract The ν 1 fundamental of HCNO has been measured with a resolution of 0.05 cm −1 . Although the molecule is unstable, conditions have been established making it possible to measure the high resolution infrared absorption spectrum. The ground state rotational constant B 0 obtained from the ν 1 band agrees with the value obtained from the microwave work within the accuracy of infrared data.