cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying the plant-associated microbiome across aquatic and terrestrial environments: the effects of amplification method on taxa discovery

Plants in terrestrial and aquatic environments contain a diverse microbiome. Yet, the chloroplast and mitochondria organelles of the plant eukaryotic cell originate from free-living cyanobacteria and Rickettsiales. This represents a challenge for sequencing the plant microbiome with universal primers, as ~99% of 16S rRNA sequences may consist of chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences. Peptide nucleic acid clamps offer a potential solution by blocking amplification of host-associated sequences. We assessed the efficacy of chloroplast and mitochondria-blocking clamps against a range of microbial taxa from soil, freshwater and marine environments. While we found that the mitochondrial blocking clamps appear to be a robust method for assessing animal-associated microbiota, Proteobacterial 16S rRNA binds to the chloroplast-blocking clamp, resulting in a strong sequencing bias against this group. We attribute this bias to a conserved 14-bp sequence in the Proteobacteria that matches the 17-bp chloroplast-blocking clamp sequence. By scanning the Greengenes database, we provide a reference list of nearly 1500 taxa that contain this 14-bp sequence, including 48 families such as the Rhodobacteraceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Kiloniellaceae and Caulobacteraceae. To determine where these taxa are found in nature, we mapped this taxa reference list against the Earth Microbiome Project database. These taxa are abundant in a variety of environments, particularly aquatic and semiaquatic freshwater and marine habitats. To facilitate informed decisions on effective use of organelle-blocking clamps, we provide a searchable database of microbial taxa in the Greengenes and Silva databases matching various n-mer oligonucleotides of each PNA sequence.
Proceedings of the 2017 American Bee Research Conference

The 2017 American Bee Research Conference (ABRC) was held January 12-13, 2017 at the Galveston Island Convention Center in Galveston, TX. This was a special joint conference between the American As...
Medical care for obese patients: Advice for health care professionals

More than 60 percent of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, and obese persons are more likely to be ill than those who are not. Obesity presents challenges to physicians and patients and also has a negative impact on health status. Some patients who are obese may delay medical care because of concerns about disparagement by physicians and health care staff, or fear of being weighed. Simple accommodations, such as providing large-sized examination gowns and armless chairs, as well as weighing patients in a private area, may make the medical setting more accessible and more comfortable for obese patients. Extremely obese patients often have special health needs, such as lower extremity edema or respiratory insufficiency that require targeted evaluation and treatment. Although physical examination may be more difficult in obese patients, their disproportionate risk for some illnesses that are amenable to early detection increases the priority for preventive evaluations. Physicians can encourage improvements in healthy behaviors, regardless of the patient's desire for, or success with, weight loss treatment.
Sometimes it Pays to Look Back Before You Leap Ahead

This paper links the view that speech perception capacities develop as a result of innately guided learning processes to earlier conceptions in the language learning literature concerning a Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Consistent with this view, several recent studies demonstrating that infants acquire considerable knowledge about the sound structure of their native language during the first year of life are reviewed. Some implications of considering an LAD as a link between developing speech perception and production capacities are discussed.
Personalized molecular oncology: An initial case series

B27 Effective cancer therapies require the understanding of the many driving genetic and epigenetic alterations characteristic of each tumor. A broad examination of gene expression reflects these underlying changes. Here we explored the use of gene expression profiling in the individualized selection of chemotherapy for patients (pts) with advanced incurable cancer. Methods: With informed consent we obtained fresh frozen tumor samples from 7 pts. Gene expression was evaluated using Affymetrix U-133 Plus 2 GeneChips. The XenoBase (XB-BIS) system generated lists of aberrantly expressed genes in each tumor as well as drugs targeting these genes/proteins. Potential targets for available drugs were evaluated in particular (eg.VEGF, EGFR, TOP2A, ERCC1, RRM1, HER2, etc.). These data were shared with the oncologist (EPL) who selected drugs based upon pt informed consent, appropriate standards of care, available clinical data, and gene/drug data. Results: One stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLCA) pt achieved a near complete response with erlotinib, cisplatin, docetaxel, and bevacizumab (bev) (high EGFR, low ERCC1, high RRM1, and high VEGF). A second NSCLCA pt responded to third-line drugs with etoposide and bev (high TOP2A and VEGF). A recurrent ovarian ca pt had a tumor marker response to gemcitabine and bev (low RRM1, high VEGF) and had stable disease for 4 months on etoposide (high TOP2A) and bev. A renal ca pt showed partial remission after nephrectomy (high VEGF & VEGFR) and is maintained on sunitinib. One heavily pre-treated NSCLCA pt received herceptin (high HER2) and bortezomib with ongoing bev as third-line chemo but withdrew consent for more treatment and died 3 weeks later. A heavily pre-treated plasmacytoma pt responded to empiric bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethesone but relapsed and died before gene/drug data could be utilized. A recurrent lymphoma pt is too early to evaluate. Conclusion: A personalized molecular oncology approach, basing chemotherapy on relative gene expression in tumors, holds promise even at the relatively crude level employed here. Future studies correlating clinical/preclinical responses with gene expression data will permit development of more sophisticated algorithms for predicting the activation status of drug targets and biomarkers of drug efficacy, and determining their true value for predicting clinical behavior and tumor response.
A statistical approach to payload energy management for NASA's Europa Clipper mission

Constraining and managing energy for spacecraft and their payloads has often posed a challenge for systems engineers, since, by its very definition, energy has two dimensions, time and power, and thus changes can occur along either or both axes at any point in time. The challenge is even greater for missions which have highly dynamic power generation and consumption profiles, and harder still for those which also have a multitude of instruments with unique, episodic, observation profiles. Indeed, that is the very challenge faced by the systems engineers on the Europa Clipper project and its ten instruments. Past solutions to such problems have relied on a variety of metrics: average or maximum energy utilization, peak power utilization, a worse case energy balance, battery state of charge, and many others. In this paper, we will describe why none of the previous approaches were found to be sufficiently suitable and why that led to a novel approach which defines a representative energy usage in statistical terms. This resulted from the need to concurrently satisfy five separate criteria: 1) the payload allocation must be used to size the spacecraft power generation and storage system; 2) the payload allocation must be sub-allocated to each instrument; 3) instruments must be able to verify and report against their allocations without the need to run observation profile simulations; 4) the payload allocation must be based on the Europa Clipper Design Reference Mission; 5) allocations must be reasonably immune to variations in future tour designs. While the need to meet each of these criteria may seem obvious, ensuring that a single metric can satisfy all five simultaneously is not. In addition to describing the method and the thinking behind it, the paper will also show how it was applied to the Europa Clipper project, with a focus on the payload, and how it successfully met all the criteria in the presence of changing observation profiles and tour designs.
Population-based study of QT interval prolongation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) (which is obtained from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and reflects ventricular repolarisation duration) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Our primary purpose is to determine the impact of QTc prolongation on mortality in RA patients. METHODS A population-based inception cohort of patients with RA fulfilling the 1987 ACR criteria in 1988-2007 was identified, with an age- and sex-matched comparison cohort and followed until death, migration or until the end of 2008. Data were collected on ECG variables, medications known to prolong QT interval, electrolytes, cardiovascular risk factors and disease status and RA disease characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine QTc prolongation as predictor of mortality. RESULTS QTc prolongation prior to RA incidence/index date was similar in RA (15%) and non-RA (18%) subjects. During follow-up, the cumulative incidence of QTc prolongation was higher among RA (48% at 20 years after RA incidence) than non-RA (38% at 20 years after index date; p=0.004). Idiopathic QTc prolongation (excluding prolongations explained by ECG changes, medications, etc.) was marginally associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.91-1.81, p=0.16), but was not associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.10; 95% CI:0.43-2.86, p=0.83) in RA. CONCLUSIONS RA patients have a significantly elevated risk of developing QTc prolongation. However, idiopathic prolonged QTc was only marginally associated with all-cause mortality in RA patients. The clinical implications of these findings in RA require further study.
Oncostatic effects of melatonin on MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) breast cancer cells

6085 Breast Cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States and contributes to over 40,000 deaths in 2004. Low levels of circulating melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, as well as desynchronization of the circadian secretory patterns have been found in patients suffering from breast tumors, suggesting a relationship between pineal function and the carcinogenic process in breast. Consistent with this notion, in vivo studies using the murine mammary tumor model such as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and nitrosomethylurea (NMU) show that administration of melatonin reduced the incidence of mammary tumors. Likewise, direct actions of melatonin on mammary cancer cells are strongly supported by in vitro experiments in which the anti-proliferative as well as the anti-invasive effects of this indoleamine have been demonstrated in ER+ human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Although these studies suggest a therapeutic value of melatonin on mammary cancer, the effect of melatonin in ER- breast cancer and the mechanism by which it reduces the development of mammary tumors are still unknown; hence, the aim of this project is to investigate whether pharmacological (1 μM) and physiological concentrations (1nM (night peak levels) and 10pM (daytime levels)) of melatonin inhibit cell proliferation in both ER+ (MCF-7) and ER- (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate the mechanism through which melatonin elicits its response. MCF-7 cells continuously exposed to pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (1μM) or periodically exposed (1μM /10pM alternating every 12 hours), had no effect on proliferation as measured by MTS assay. Conversely, continuous and periodic exposure of melatonin at pharmacological concentrations to MDA-MB-231 cells lead to a 20% decrease in cell growth after 48 hours. Continuous exposure of melatonin at physiological concentration levels (1nM and10pM) lead to a 10% decrease in cell proliferation after 72 hours in both cell lines; this effect was potentiated with time in the MCF-7 cells (35% inhibition after 96 hours), but remained constant in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Western blot analysis of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, proteins which regulate the G1 phase of cell cycle, isolated from cells treated with melatonin at physiological concentrations for 84 hours revealed that melatonin markedly inhibited expression of these proteins as compared to untreated cells. These results indicate that melatonin modulates cell proliferation in both ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines thereby suggesting that melatonin retard cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin are being investigated in these cell lines.
Helicity maximization below the diffraction limit

Optimally chiral electromagnetic fields with maximized helicity density, recently introduced by Hanifeh et al. [M. Hanifeh, M. Albooyeh, and F. Capolino, ACS Photonics 7, 2682 (2020)], enable chirality characterization of optically small nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate a technique to obtain optimally chiral near fields that leads to the maximization of helicity density under the constraint of constant energy density, beyond the diffraction limit. We show how optimally chiral illumination induces balanced electric and magnetic dipole moments in an achiral dielectric nanoantenna, which leads to generating optimally chiral scattered and total near fields. In particular, we explore helicity and energy densities in the near field of a spherical dielectric nanoantenna illuminated by an optimally chiral combination of azimuthally and radially polarized beams. This beam combination generates parallel induced electric and magnetic dipole moments in the nanoantenna that in turn generate an optimally chiral scattered field with the same helicity sign of the incident field. The application of helicity maximization to near fields results in helicity enhancement at the nanoscale, which is of great advantage in the detection of nanoscale chiral samples, microscopy, and optical manipulation of chiral nanoparticles.
Fall-related traumatic brain injury in children ages 0-4 years

Abstract Introduction : Falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for children in the 0–4 year age group. There is limited literature pertaining to fall-related TBIs in children age 4 and under and the circumstances surrounding these TBIs. This study provides a national estimate and describes actions and products associated with fall-related TBI in this age group. Method : Data analyzed were from the 2001–2013 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program (NEISS–AIP), a nationally representative sample of emergency departments (ED). Case narratives were coded for actions associated with the fall, and product codes were abstracted to determine fall location and product type. All estimates were weighted. Results : An estimated 139,001 children younger than 5 years were treated annually in EDs for nonfatal, unintentional fall-related TBI injuries (total = 1,807,019 during 2001–2013). Overall, child actions (e.g., running) accounted for the greatest proportion of injuries and actions by others (e.g., carrying) was highest for children younger than 1 year. The majority of falls occurred in the home, and involved surfaces, fixtures, furniture, and baby products. Conclusions : Fall-related TBI in young children represents a significant public health burden. The majority of children seen for TBI assessment in EDs were released to home. Prevention efforts that target parent supervision practices and the home environment are indicated. Practical applications : Professionals in contact with parents of young children can remind them to establish a safe home and be attentive to the environment when carrying young children to prevent falls.
Mobility model based on social network concept for VANETs

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) are a particular type of wireless adhoc networks. They are formed when equipping vehicles on the roads with short range wireless communication devices. Validation of mobile ad hoc network protocols relies almost exclusively on simulation. The value of the validation is, therefore, highly dependent on how accurate the movement models used in the simulations are. However, most widely used models are currently very simplistic, their focus being the ease of implementation rather than soundness of foundation. Therefore, simulation results of protocols are often based on randomly generated movement patterns and, therefore, may differ considerably from those that can be obtained by deploying the system in real scenarios. In this we propose a new mobility model based on the social network theory. The mobility model creates movement pattern by taking into consideration the social relationship among the individuals, social relationship that might change depending on the simulation time. We also present the results obtained in validating our model using the realistic vehicular traces.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Primary liver cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for three-quarters of primary liver cancers and less than a third of patients present with curable disease. Liver-directed therapy is essential for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC and the advancement of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has made radiation a safe and effective treatment option in a range of clinical presentations. In this review, we discuss the technical aspects of SBRT and the general approach to treatment of HCC. We explore the use of SBRT for bridging to transplant, downstaging, and the treatment of large tumors and portal vein tumor thrombus. Although there is limited high-quality randomized data, we review the evidence comparing SBRT with other liver-directed therapies and explore areas for future investigation.
Comparing How Different Inquiry-based Approaches Impact Learning Outcomes

To date, there are currently many variations of inquiry-based instruction including problem-based learning (PBL), lecture prior to problem solving, and case-based learning (CBL). While each claim to support problem-solving, they also include different levels of student- centeredness and instructor support. From an educational perspective, further clarity is needed to determine which model best supports learning outcomes such as conceptual knowledge, causal reasoning, and self-efficacy. While various meta-analyses have been conducted to ascertain how inquiry-based instruction compares with lecture-based approaches, there are few studies that directly compare these methods. To address this gap, this study looked at the effects of PBL, lecture prior to problem-solving, and CBL on students conceptual knowledge, causal reasoning, and self-efficacy (N = 91). While no significant difference was found on self-efficacy, the results found that learners in the PBL group performed highest on conceptual knowledge. In terms of causal reasoning, the PBL group outperformed other conditions on correctly identified connections. However, the PBL condition also had the highest number of incorrectly identified concepts. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
Evaluation of batch fraction, corn silage inclusion level, and mixing duration on long particle distribution of finishing diets for beef cattle.

Background: Differing fractions of a batch of feed, differing ingredient characteristics, and inadequate mix time can lead to non-uniformity within a mix of feed. Methods: The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with seven replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) batch fraction (BF; n = 5); 2) corn silage inclusion level (CSLVL; n = 2) 15% or 30% inclusion (dry matter basis); and 3) mixing duration (DR; n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using a binomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separator was used to separate fractions of the total mixed ration (TMR). Results: No interactions between BF, CSLVL, and DR were detected ( P ≥ 0.31) for any dependent variables. There was an increase ( P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve from the first BF compared to the last BF. CSLVL altered ( P = 0.01) retention on the 19 mm sieve. Increasing DR from 20 to 25 revolutions had no appreciable influence ( P = 0.23) on particles greater than 19 mm. CSLVL ( P = 0.01) and DR ( P = 0.01) altered particle retention on the 8 mm sieve. BF ( P = 0.01), CSLVL ( P = 0.01), and DR ( P = 0.02), influenced particle retention on the 4 mm sieve. CSLVL impacted ( P ≤ 0.01) particles remaining in the bottom pan and particles greater than 4 mm. BF ( P = 0.01) and CSLVL ( P = 0.01) altered particles greater than 8 mm. Conclusions: These data indicate that BF and CSLVL fed alters particle size distribution that in turn could alter dry matter intake, dietary net energy content, and influence daily gain. Mixing DR had no appreciable influence on particle size distribution of the TMR.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Drives Dysfunction of the Liver Lymphatic System

Abstract Background and Aims As the incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) continues to rise, understanding how normal liver functions are affected during disease is required before developing novel therapeutics which could reduce morbidity and mortality. However, very little is understood about how the transport of proteins and cells from the liver by the lymphatic vasculature is affected by inflammatory mediators or during disease. Methods To answer these questions, we utilized a well-validated mouse model of NASH and exposure to highly oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). In addition to single cell sequencing, multiplexed immunofluorescence and metabolomic analysis of liver lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC)s we evaluated lymphatic permeability and transport both in vitro and in vivo. Results Confirming similarities between human and mouse liver lymphatic vasculature in NASH, we found that the lymphatic vasculature expands as disease progresses and results in the downregulation of genes important to lymphatic identity and function. We also demonstrate, in mice with NASH, that fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran does not accumulate in the liver draining lymph node upon intrahepatic injection, a defect that was rescued with therapeutic administration of the lymphatic growth factor, recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor C (rVEGFC). Similarly, exposure to oxLDL reduced the amount of FITC-dextran in the portal draining lymph node and through an LEC monolayer. We provide evidence that the mechanism by which oxLDL impacts lymphatic permeability is via a reduction in Prox1 expression which decreases lymphatic specific gene expression, impedes LEC metabolism and reorganizes the highly permeable lymphatic cell-cell junctions which are a defining feature of lymphatic capillaries. Conclusions We identify oxLDL as a major contributor to decreased lymphatic permeability in the liver, a change which is consistent with decreased protein homeostasis and increased inflammation during chronic liver disease.
Stroke Treatment, Early Management, and Secondary Prevention

The major breakthrough in acute stroke treatment occurred in 1995, when it was published that IV tPA was effective in reducing disability in acute ischemic patients within 3 hours after onset of symptoms. Attention has since shifted to acute stroke being at the centerpiece of stroke management. Twenty years later, stent retrieval devices were demonstrated to be effective in reducing disability in select patients. Treatment windows are also being extended for appropriately selected patients. Despite the proven efficacy of these interventions, however, most stroke patients will not have access to these treatments for a number of reasons. Regardless, most strokes are attributed to modifiable risk factors, and primary and secondary prevention for cerebrovascular disease should be equally championed. The comprehensive stroke neurologist needs to be skilled at evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic options for not only patients who present early to the hospital but also patients who present past the window for acute intervention. Updates and recommendations for management guidelines which are endorsed by the American Heart Association should be reviewed (http://my.americanheart.org/professional/index.jsp).
DeepEverest: Accelerating Declarative Top-K Queries for Deep Neural Network Interpretation [Technical Report].

We develop, implement, and evaluate DeepEverest, a system for the efficient execution of interpretation by example queries over the activation values of a deep neural network. DeepEverest consists of an efficient indexing technique and a query execution algorithm with various optimizations. Experiments with our prototype implementation show that DeepEverest, using less than 20% of the storage of full materialization, significantly accelerates individual queries by up to 62x and consistently outperforms other methods on multi-query workloads that simulate DNN interpretation processes.
Psychosocial, Functional, and Emotional Correlates of Long-Term Opioid Use in Patients with Chronic Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Case–Control Study

The opiate epidemic has severe medical and social consequences. Opioids are commonly prescribed in patients with chronic pain, and are a main contributor to the opiate epidemic. The adverse effects of long-term opioid usage have been studied primarily in dependence/addiction disorders, but not in chronic pain. Here, we examine the added iatrogenic effects, psychology, and brain morphology of long-term opioid use in matched patients with chronic pain with and without opioid use (case–controlled design). We compared psychosocial, functional, and psychological measures between patients with chronic back pain (CBP) who were managing their pain with or without opioids, thereby controlling for the effect of pain on these outcomes. In addition, we investigated brain morphological differences associated with long-term opioid usage. We recruited 58 patients with CBP, 29 of them on long-term opioids and 29 who did not use opioids, and who were matched in terms of age, sex, pain intensity, and pain duration. Questionnaires were used to assess pain quality, pain psychology, negative and positive emotions, physical, cognitive, sensory, and motor functions, quality of life, and personality traits. Patients with CBP on opioids displayed more negative emotion, poorer physical function, and more pain interference (p < 0.001), whereas there were no statistical differences in cognitive and motor functions and personality traits. Voxel-based morphometry using structural brain imaging data identified decreased gray matter density of the dorsal paracingulate cortex (family-wise error-corrected p < 0.05) in patients with opioids, which was associated with negative emotion (p = 0.03). Finally, a volumetric analysis of hippocampal subfields identified lower volume of the left presubiculum in patients on opioids (p < 0.001). Long-term opioid use in chronic pain is associated with adverse negative emotion and disabilities, as well as decreased gray matter volumes of specific brain regions.
Prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD detected by vibration controlled transient elastography among US adults: Results from NHANES 2017-2018.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common in the adult population. In the United States, the overall burden of NAFLD is unknown due to challenges with population-level NAFLD detection. The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of NAFLD and significant NAFLD fibrosis and identify factors associated with them in the U.S. Methods Data came from the 2017-2018 cycle of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We defined NAFLD by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores of ≥248 dB/m in absence of excessive alcohol use and viral hepatitis. We defined significant fibrosis as Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) liver stiffness measurements (LSM) value ≥7.9 kPa. We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) for associations with NAFLD and significant NAFLD fibrosis using multivariable logistic regression. Results Overall, among 4,024 individuals aged ≥20 years included in the analysis, 56.7% had NAFLD by CAP. In comparison, when defined by elevated liver enzymes, NAFLD prevalence was 12.4%. The prevalence of significant NAFLD fibrosis by VCTE LSM was 14.5%. NAFLD prevalence increased with age, was higher among men than women and among Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. Individuals who were obese, had metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes were more likely to have NAFLD compared to those that who were not obese or without MetS/diabetes. Inadequate physical activity (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.08) was also a factor associated with NAFLD. MetS, high waist circumstance, diabetes and hypertension were independently associated with significant NAFLD fibrosis. Conclusions NAFLD and significant NAFLD fibrosis are highly prevalent in U.S. general population.
Electrically stimulated auras as a potential biomarker of the epileptogenic zone.

Abstract Electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is often performed in patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) prior to epilepsy surgery, with the goal of identifying functional cortex and preserving it postoperatively. ESM may also evoke a patient’s typical seizure semiology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sites at which typical auras are evoked during ESM are associated with other known clinical and electrophysiologic biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone: the seizure onset zone (SOZ), the early spread zone (ES), and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). We found that the sites at which auras were provoked were not consistently associated with known biomarkers (p = 0.09). We conclude that evoked auras during ESM may reflect electrical spread rather than true epileptogenicity, and that a larger study is needed to assess their potential value as independent epileptic biomarkers.
The Body Politic: Planning History, Design, and Public Health

Guest editor Stephen J. Ramos introduces the special issue, themed “The Body Politic: Planning History, Design, and Public Health.” The issue has five contributions from Australia, South Africa, Northern Europe, and the United States. Throughout its history, planning is continually tasked with both modernization and reflexive modernization simultaneously. The duality serves as an instrument of the state in the broader governance negotiation of private capital accumulation and public welfare. The contemporary COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to reconsider relationships between planning, design, and public health, and the politics and policies that constitute and mediate these relationships. The hope is for the special issue to inspire empathy for a more civic, international body politic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Planning History is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
INCIDENCE AND OUTCOMES OF LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS DURING HOSPITALIZATION: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH NALOXONE.

BACKGROUND We describe the clinical course of medical and surgical patients who received naloxone on general hospital wards for suspected opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD). METHODS From May 2018 through October 2020, patients who received naloxone on hospital wards were identified and records reviewed for incidence and clinical course. RESULTS There were 86,030 medical and 106,807 surgical admissions. Naloxone was administered to 99 (incidence 11.5 [95%CI 9.4-14.0] per 10,000 admissions) medical and 63 (5.9 [95%CI 4.5-7.5]) surgical patients, P < 0.001. Median oral morphine equivalents administered within 24-hour before naloxone was 32 [15, 64] and 60 [32, 88] mg for medical and surgical patients, respectively, P = 0.002. Rapid response team was activated in 69 (69.7%) vs. 42 (66.7%) and critical care transfers in 51 (51.5%) vs. 30 (47.6%) medical and surgical patients respectively. In-hospital mortality was 21 (21.2%) vs. 2 (3.2%) and discharge to hospice 12 (12.1%) vs. 1 (1.6%), for medical and surgical patients respectively, P = 0.001. Naloxone did not reverse OIRD in 38 (23%) patients, and these patients had more transfers to the intensive care unit and 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION Medical inpatients are more likely to suffer OIRD than surgical inpatients despite lower opioid dose. Definitive OIRD was confirmed in 77% of patients because immediate naloxone response, while 23% of patients did not respond and this subset were more likely to need higher level of care and had higher 30-day mortality. Careful monitoring of mental and respiratory variables is necessary when opiates are used in hospital.
Unsuspected rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm into the right atrium: Associated coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis, and bacterial endocarditis∗

Abstract A case is reported of an 18-year-old male with presubclavian coarctation of the aorta repaired seven years previously who developed bacterial endocarditis due to a group G beta hemolytic streptococcus. Signs of aortic stenosis were noted before and during the endocarditis and were accompanied by left ventricular hypertrophy which had progressed since the repair of the coarctation. The infection was well controlled by penicillin-streptomycin therapy when the patient developed appendicitis. Symptoms of the latter improved and then suddenly worsened a week later. Appendiceal rupture was suspected but the patient died suddenly before surgery could be performed. Necropsy revealed recurrent stenosis at the site of the surgical anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta, aortic valvular stenosis developing on a congenitally bicuspid valve, and subacute appendicitis. An unsuspected finding was a rupture of a mycotic aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium. Pertinent articles pertaining to the unusual features of this case are briefly reviewed.
Economic Benefits Resulting From Irrigation Water Use: Theory and an Application to Groundwater Use

Traditional economic analysis using a crop production function approachhas assumed that all variable factors, including irrigation water, arefully employed in the crop production process. However, this paper firstdemonstrates that economic benefits of irrigation water areoverestimated when the crop production function, and therefore theirrigation water demand function, is expressed in terms of irrigationwater supplied, rather than consumptive irrigation water use. Second,the paper demonstrates that the magnitude of the estimation bias isproportional to the rate of irrigation water losses through leaching,runoff and evaporation. Consequently, the model misspecification problemwould lead to increased irrigation water use and reduce incentives forfarmers to adopt improved irrigation technologies.
Alimony Treatment for a Single Payment

The author concludes that, contrary to the IRS and the Tax Court’s position, a single lump sum payment to a divorced spouse can qualify for alimony treatment in some circumstances subject to the front-loading rules. The author also contends that to conform to the requirement of the alimony provision, a payment of a divorced spouse’s legal or medical expenses under a divorce or separation instrument should qualify for alimony treatment even though those payments usually will not satisfy the literal terms of the statute.
Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake

The planktonic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), was composed almost entirely of rotifers in 1966 and 1967. Adult pelagic crustacean taxa were rare. Their paucity was attributed to predation by kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), which had been stocked in 1961. During a park-wide survey of 24 lakes in 1988, Mowich Lake was the only one that did not contain at least one planktonic crustacean species. Given the apparent persistence of the unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, the first objective of this study was to document the interannual variation in the taxonomic structure of the zooplankton assemblages in the lake from 1988 through 1999. A second objective was to determine if it was possible to predict the taxonomic composition of the pelagic crustacean zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake prior to the stocking of kokanee salmon. The Mowich Lake zooplankton assemblages in 1988–1999 were consistent with those in 1966 and 1967. Crustacean taxa were extremely rare, but they included most of the primary taxa collected from 23 MORA lakes surveyed in 1988. Nonetheless, the 1988 collections showed that the September rotifer assemblage in Mowich Lake was similar to 10 of the 24 lakes sampled. Seven of the 10 lakes were dominated by cladocerans, primarily Daphnia rosea and Holopedium gibberum. Therefore, it appeared that either one or both of these species may have numerically dominated the crustacean zooplankton assemblage in the lake prior to 1961.
Mining Interval Time Series

Data mining can be used to extensively automate the data analysis process. Techniques for mining interval time series, however, have not been considered. Such time series are common in many applications. In this paper, we investigate mining techniques for such time series. Specifically, we propose a technique to discover temporal containment relationships. An item A is said to contain an item B if an event of type B occurs during the time span of an event of type A, and this is a frequent relationship in the data set. Mining such relationships allows the user to gain insight on the temporal relationships among various items. We implement the technique and analyze trace data collected from a real database application. Experimental results indicate that the proposed mining technique can discover interesting results. We also introduce a quantization technique as a preprocessing step to generalize the method to all time series.
The Harvard College Observatory Plate Collection

The Harvard College Observatory plate collection is unique in the world in several aspects. First, it is the largest, with a total of approximately half a million plates. Second, because Harvard set up stations very early in the southern hemisphere, the collection covers the entire sky. In fact, the southern hemisphere coverage is slightly better than the northern. Third, the collection is unique in the length of the time interval over which the plates were taken. The first plates were acquired in the northern hemisphere in 1885, and in the southern hemisphere in 1891. There is a substantial gap in the late 1950s and 1960s, but patrol plates were then taken up to 1989. Fourth, the collection contains a very large number of images of a given object. For B = 15 mag or brighter, from several hundred to a thousand or more images can be found; for B = 17.5 mag, one can locate from a few to several hundred images.
The Next Frontier For Openness: Wireless Communications

For wireless communications, the United States has fostered competition rather than openness. This has permitted the emergence of vertically integrated end-to-end providers, creating problems of reduced hardware innovation, software applications, user choice, and content access. To deal with these emerging issues and create multi-level forms of competition, one remedial policy to will suffice: a Carterfone-style separation of the link between equipment and network provision for wireless.
Trypanosoma cruzi Triggers an Early Type I IFN Response In Vivo at the Site of Intradermal Infection

Early interactions between the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and mammalian hosts at primary sites of infection (skin and mucosal membranes) are predicted to be critical determinants of parasite survival and dissemination in the host. To investigate the early host response triggered by three different strains of T. cruzi at a local infection site, changes in host gene expression were monitored in a murine intradermal infection model using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Robust induction of IFN-stimulated genes was observed in excised skin 24 h postinfection where the level of IFN-stimulated gene induction was parasite strain-dependent, with the least virulent strain triggering a muted IFN response. Infection of mice immunodepleted of IFN-gamma-producing cells or infection of IFN-gamma-deficient mice had minimal impact on the IFN response generated in T. cruzi-infected mice. In contrast, infection of mice lacking the type I IFN receptor demonstrated that type I IFNs are largely responsible for the IFN response generated at the site of infection. These data highlight type I IFNs as important components of the innate immune response to T. cruzi at the site of inoculation and their role in shaping the early transcriptional response to this pathogen.
Relative vulnerability of the forests along southeastern African coasts to cyclones

The forests of southeastern Africa are vulnerable to damage imposed by tropical cyclones operating in the South Indian Ocean. We undertook a geographical analysis to determine the relative vulnerability of forests given tropical cyclones recorded during the 1959–2008 storm seasons. From this analysis, eastern coastal forests of Madagascar seem to be the most vulnerable, although return intervals for severe storms vary along the eastern coast, and are shorter (about 10 years) through the central portion of the country. Therefore, the central lowland to upper montane rainforests on the eastern coast seem to be more vulnerable to damage from tropical cyclones than others in the area. While not as extensive, western coastal forests of Madagascar are also as vulnerable in part due to the recurvature of storms in the Mozambique Channel. Though the coastal forests of Mozambique are all nearly equal in terms of vulnerability, the return interval for severe storms to this area is highly variable. The inland Miombo forests of southeast Africa are less vulnerable to damage from tropical cyclones; however, portions of western Mozambique and Zimbabwe have experienced strong tropical storms in the last 50 years. A number of caveats and limitations associated with the data and analyses are noted. Given the broad scale of the study, the relative vulnerability and the return intervals for severe storms should be considered general representations of these phenomena for the southeastern African coast and the island of Madagascar.
Dissociation of sensitivities to tumor promotion and progression in outbred and inbred SENCAR mice.

Abstract The sensitivity of outbred SENCAR mice and inbred SENCAR (SSIN) mice to multistage carcinogenesis was studied. Tumors were induced using either 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene or N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine as initiators and 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or benzoyl peroxide as promoting agents. Although the number of papillomas per mouse was higher in SSIN than in outbred SENCAR mice, the number of carcinomas observed in the SSIN strain was significantly lower regardless of the initiator or promoter used. It was also observed that the expression of markers of premalignant progression ( i.e. , dysplasia, expression of keratin K13, and loss of keratin K1 expression) was markedly suppressed in SSIN papillomas. After 50 wk of promotion with 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, the pattern of expression of K13 and K1 in SSIN mice was comparable to the pattern observed in outbred SENCAR mice after 10 to 20 wk of promotion with 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. It was also observed that 67% of the tumors induced in SSIN mice by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene exhibited a mutation in codon 61 of the Ha- ras -1 gene. This latter finding suggests that the differences observed in tumor progression between the inbred strain and the outbred stock are not related to a genetic alteration in the Ha- ras -1 gene but rather to an independent event that we have postulated to involve a putative suppressor gene. The data reported here suggest that the putative gene(s) that confers susceptibility to tumor promotion was segregated from the gene(s) involved in tumor progression during selection and inbreeding of the SENCAR mouse stock.
Coinductive logic programming and its applications

Coinduction has recently been introduced as a powerful technique for reasoning about unfounded sets, unbounded structures, and interactive computations. Where induction corresponds to least fixed point semantics, coinduction corresponds to greatest fixed point semantics. In this paper we discuss the introduction of coinduction into logic programming. We discuss applications of coinductive logic programming to verification and model checking, lazy evaluation, concurrent logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning.
An investigation of the interaural time difference threshold for speech.

The interaural time difference threshold for speech has been reported to be approximately 35 μsec (Cherry & Sayers, 1956), a value substantially larger than the 6 ~sec reported for broadband noise signals by other experimenters (e.g., Tobias & Zerlin, 1959). In the two studies just mentioned, however, different subjects and psychoacoustical methods were employed; thus, it is unclear whether larger interaural time differences are needed to lateralize speech signals. The purpose of this experiment, therefore, was to compare lateralization performance for speech and nonspeech stimuli. Interaural time difference thresholds were obtained for speech, speech spectrum noise, speech multiplied noise, and 200-, 500-, and 1,000-Hz sinusoids for the same subjects using a 2 IFC experimental paradigm. Under these conditions, speech and speech-multiplied noise yielded essentially the same interaural time difference thresholds.
Design of H.264 video encoder with C to RTL design tool

In this, we present a design methodology to use C-to-RTL design tool for H.264 video encoder hardware design. We applied the HLS (High Level Synthesis) design methodology to design function blocks for H.264 video encoder IP. We give a comparison of a conventional RTL design methodology and the C-to-RTL design methodology in aspect of human resources and design time. We present how H.264 video encoder is designed using HLS design flow and how to improve verification method by reusing testbench for C level simulation and RTL simulation. We could develop H.264 SD and HD video encoder IP and embedded in DTV SoC successfully.