cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Stability of Speculative Profits in the Foreign Exchanges

There is evidence that simple trading rules can make measured profits in the foreign exchange markets. Are these profits stable in the sense of not going to zero as time goes on, and not changing radically from period to period? This paper uses the X-statistic to measure risk-adjusted profits, on the assumption that risk premia are not time-varying, or more generally are approximately the same on the days the speculator is in the asset as for the whole period. It appears that profits are not approaching zero in later periods, and the volatility of profits appears reasonable in light of the noisiness of foreign exchange markets.
Glutamate Microstimulation of Local Inhibitory Circuits in the Supraoptic Nucleus From Rat Hypothalamus Slices

Wuarin, Jean-Pierre. Glutamate microstimulation of local inhibitory circuits in the supraoptic nucleus from rat hypothalamus slices. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3180–3186, 1997. The hypothesis of a local ...
Structural and electronic properties of glassy GeSe 2 surfaces

We report first-principles structural models of surfaces of glassy ${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ $(g\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}).$ The structural properties of bulk and surface $g\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ are compared with recent experimental data. The first diffraction peaks in the partial structure factors are accurately reproduced in both the surface and bulk models. We also examine the transition of the local bonding environment from the bulk to the surface. The surface reconstruction involves creation of several edge-sharing tetrahedra and electronic states are easily delocalized through rings formed in the reconstruction.
The elusive (C5Me4H)3Lu : Its synthesis and LnZ3/K/N2 reactivity

The previously inaccessible smallest member of the (C 5 Me 4 H) 3 Ln series, (C 5 Me 4 H) 3 Lu, has been synthesized from [(C5Me4H)2Lu] [(μ-Ph) 2 BPh 2 ] and KC 5 Me 4 H and reduced with potassium under dinitrogen to form [(C5Me4H)2(THF)Lu]2(μ-η 2 :η 2 -N2).
Ladder Approximations of Irrational Numbers

(1986). Ladder Approximations of Irrational Numbers. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 95-105.
The pressure behavior of alpha cristobalite

Structural and volume compressibility data for two a cristobalite samples were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at pressures up to -1.6 GPa. As with the other silica polymorphs that have been studied at high pressure, the change of the SiO-Si angle is correlated with the volume compressibility. The Si-O bond lengths and the O-Si-O angles remain essentially unchanged. The bulk modulus was determined to be 11.5(7) GPa with a pressure derivative of 9(2). Both crystals underwent reversible structural phase transitions in the pressure interval 1.18-1.60 GPa.
Considerations on pharmaceutical research and development of innovative drugs

The research and development(RD) of innovative drugs should follow its own rules.The evaluation of innovative drugs should apply different strategies for investigational new drug applications(INDs)for phase 1,2 and 3 and new drug application(NDA).Due to limited knowledge and experiences,there are some problems on RD and evaluation of innovative drugs.This article is intended to introduce considerations and important issues on pharmaceutical research and development of innovative drugs,based on some experiences in innovative drugs evaluation and FDA and EMEA's guidelines on CMC information of INDs.
Volume discharges and treeing — A primer

Since this paper is directed to the practical electrical designer who uses electrical insulation as only one of several elements in a complete design, it is assumed that he is not familiar with the more theoretical investigations of how and why insulations fail under high voltage stresses. For this reason, in attempting to discuss the subject of Volume Discharges and Treeing — which is a highly theoretical subject — we are approaching it in a very elementary fashion. If this simple approach helps some of you to a better understanding of electrical breakdown, we need not apologize to those who are expert in the area.
A scrotal ulcer with degenerating inguinal lymph nodes in an HIV positive patient – infection or malignancy?

A 48 year old Caucasian gentleman presented to ED with a six week history of a large right sided groin mass and right hemi scrotal ulcer with associated weight loss and fevers. He had a past medical history of HIV with a CD4 count of 100 cells/mm3. Initial treatment with antibiotics failed to resolve the groin mass. Subsequent biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum with an associated degenerating inguinal lymph node and spread to the pelvic lymph nodes bilaterally. Curative management was declined by the patient.
Thermolysis Reaction Actuating Pumps, TRAP

Pumping forces provided by the thermolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate are implemented to drive 2.53 micro liters of the deionized water section. Pumping speeds of up to 3 mm/s in a 300 × 300 µn cross-section channel were achieved. The higher decomposition temperatures are, the faster the liquid section movements are.
Chateaubriand and the Congress

Who was responsible for Chateaubriand’s mission to the Congress of Verona, and what was its purpose? For more than a century, these correlative questions have been the focus of a scholarly controversy which began in 1849 with the appearance of Chateaubriand’s Memoires d’outre-tombe. In this celebrated work, he boasts that he employed the Duchess Claire de Duras to win over Villele and then used Villele to force the hand of Montmorency, thus achieving his ambition to attend the Congress. Concerning the role of Juliette Recamier in this intrigue, he maintains a discreet silence.2 But the Souvenirs et correspondance of this astute lady, published ten years later (1859), throws considerable light on this question. Jean Guillaume, Baron Hyde de Neuville, a confident of all parties, indeed gives her full credit for resolving the impasse in favor of the great writer. He asserts in his Memoires (which appeared between 1888–1892), that only the “delicate hand” of Madame Recamier was “capable of touching this situation, bristling with difficulties.”3 In a private conversation with the baron, she confided: Your friend’s cause is gained. He will go to Verona; and he owes this appointment, which he so much desired, not to M. de Villele, but to the Viscount de Montmorency, who has generously put an end to my anxiety.4
Effect of a Treadmill Run to Exhaustion on Performance of Long Addition

Abstract College students (N = 72) took a four-minute test of addition on two separate days, once preceded by an exhausting treadmill run and once without prior exertion. Scores were recorded for speed and accuracy for each minute and for the total four minutes. It was found that the exertion had a significant negative effect on accuracy for the total four minutes as well as for the second and fourth minute. No significant effect of exertion on speed was obtained. When control and experimental conditions were considered together a significant trend in favor of high fitness subjects was found on speed of addition. Significant differences in favor of medium and high fitness subjects were found on accuracy of addition.
Collisional interactions between self-interacting nonrelativistic boson stars: Effective potential analysis and numerical simulations

Scalar particles are a common prediction of many beyond the Standard Model theories. If they are light and cold enough, there is a possibility they may form Bose-Einstein condensates, which will then become gravitationally bound. These boson stars are solitonic solutions to the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations but may be approximated in the nonrelativistic regime with a coupled Schr\"odinger-Poisson system. General properties of single soliton states are derived, including the possibility of quartic self-interactions. Binary collisions between two solitons are then studied, and the effects of different mass ratios, relative phases, self-couplings, and separation distances are characterized, leading to an easy conceptual understanding of how these parameters affect the collision outcome in terms of conservation of energy. Applications to dark matter are discussed.
The opinion of preceptors and students of very early IPPE rotations delivered concurrently with didactic courses

Abstract Introduction The Marshall University School of Pharmacy had the opportunity to create an experiential education program where IPPE education was introduced in their P1 year and was concurrent with didactic coursework. The School begins the delivery of experiential education as soon as the sixth week of the first professional year. Objective To ascertain the opinion of institutional preceptors, community preceptors, and students after the first academic year to discern viewpoints on the effectiveness and value of very early P1 experiential rotations. Methods Institutional and community preceptors and students were assessed by anonymous survey in order to ascertain their respective opinions regarding early P1 experiential education. The results of the preceptors were further divided into institutional and community practice sites. This study was approved by the Marshall University Institutional Review Board. Results Key findings demonstrated that early rotations were perceived as beneficial to the student by both community and institutional preceptors, as well as, the students themselves. Conclusions Most, but not all, preceptors felt early rotations were beneficial to their practice and the student. Institutional preceptors were less likely to perceive a benefit to their practice or to the student than were community preceptors. Students were positive about the early experience. The results of these surveys regarding early experiential rotations should help minimize concerns of both preceptors and those assigned responsibility for constructing experiential programs about implementing early experiential rotations in the curriculum.
Flavored Gauge Mediation with Discrete Non-Abelian Symmetries

We explore the model building and phenomenology of flavored gauge-mediation models of supersymmetry breaking in which the electroweak Higgs doublets and the $SU(2)$ messenger doublets are connected by a discrete non-Abelian symmetry. The embedding of the Higgs and messenger fields into representations of this non-Abelian Higgs-messenger symmetry results in specific relations between the Standard Model Yukawa couplings and the messenger-matter Yukawa interactions. Taking the concrete example of an ${\mathcal{S}}_{3}$ Higgs-messenger symmetry, we demonstrate that, while the minimal implementation of this scenario suffers from a severe $\ensuremath{\mu}/{B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ problem that is well known from ordinary gauge mediation, expanding the Higgs-messenger field content allows for the possibility that $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and ${B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ can be separately tuned, allowing for the possibility of phenomenologically viable models of the soft supersymmetry-breaking terms. We construct toy examples of this type that are consistent with the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson mass.
AgNP/Bi/Nafion-modified Disposable Electrodes for Sensitive Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) Detection in Aerosol Samples

A new method for modifying electrodes with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) using electrospray deposition for sensitive, selective detection of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in aerosol samples when combined with Bismuth and Nafion coating and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) is reported. Carbon stencil-printed electrodes (CSPEs) fabricated on a polyethylene transparency (PET) sheet were produced for an inexpensive, simple to fabricate, disposable sensor that can be used with the microliter sample volumes for analysis. Sensor performance was improved by modifying the electrode surface with electrospray-deposited AgNPs. The use of electrospray deposition resulted in more uniform particle dispersion across the electrode surface when compared to drop-casting. Using AgNP-modified electrodes combined with Bi and Nafion, experimental detection limits (LODs) of 5.0, 0.5, and 0.1 μg L−1 for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively, were achieved. The linear working ranges were 5.0–400.0 μg L−1, 0.5–400.0 μg L−1, and 0.1–500.0 μg L−1 for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. Interference studies showed Cu(II) was the only metal that interfered with this assay but inference could be eliminated with the addition of ferricyanide directly to the sample solution. This electrochemical sensor was applied for the simultaneous determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) within source particulate matter (PM) samples collected on filters using an aerosol test chamber.
Biogeochemical Models: Implicit versus Explicit Microbiology

Publisher Summary Microbiology examines the smallest level of the organization of life, while biogeochemistry considers the largest. This chapter considers this issue and discusses some aspects of how microbiological understanding is currently incorporated into biogeochemistry. Incorporating microbial community effects into biogeochemical models require efforts at both the microbial and biogeochemical modeling ends:(1) From the microbial side, one needs more research targeted at understanding when and where microbial community effects, either through variations in physiology or through changes in population sizes, have large-scale impacts. Many short-term lab studies have been done but few have attempted to extrapolate to larger spatial and temporal scales. (2) From the biogeochemical modeling side, experiment with models is needed where the microbiology is less implicit by incorporating microbial community effects. Models should consider incorporating response functions that may vary over time with environmental conditions. They should also consider incorporating the size of the active microbial population as a control on the rate of a process. Through collaborative efforts on these two points, one can determine how best to deal with the relevant microbial dynamics in biogeochemical models, and how to predict them.
LARGE DIAMETER HEADS: IS BIGGER ALWAYS BETTER?

Dislocation remains among the most common complications of, and reasons for, revision of both primary and revision total hip arthroplasties in the United States. Hence, there is great interest in maximising stability to prevent this complication. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has allowed us to increase femoral head size, without a clinically important increase in wear. Head size has long been recognised to have a strong influence on the risk of dislocation postoperatively. As femoral head size increases, stability is augmented, secondary to a decrease in component-to-component impingement, which is theoretically eliminated at head sizes greater than 36mm in diameter (however osseous impingement can still occur). Larger head sizes also greatly increase the “jump distance” required for the head to dislocate (in an appropriately positioned cup) and eliminate the need for skirts. Level one studies support the use of larger diameter heads as decreasing the risk of dislocation following primary and revision THA. Larger diameter heads do, however, have negatives with the most recent concern being larger forces imparted upon the trunnion, which may contribute to adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) which have recently been reported in patients with a metal on polyethylene bearing. However, in the series by Cooper et al, 32mm was the most common head size identified with no head sizes >36mm in this series. This suggests that the cause of ALTR is probably multifactorial and while femoral head size may be a contributor, the trunnion itself may be more important including its diameter, length and modulus of elasticity as well as the specific finish of the taper. Finally, when larger femoral head sizes are used in smaller acetabular components, the result is a thinner polyethylene liner, which may increase the risk of liner breakage. Larger diameter bearings may also increase the risk of squeaking in ceramic on ceramic bearing couples. Hence, the decision on femoral head size probably should include a balance between patient risk factors for instability and the risks of increased head size. Hence for revision procedures, and in primary cases where the risk of dislocation is known to be high, the risk of a larger femoral head is probably outweighed by the benefits of enhanced stability if a larger femoral head is utilised.
User Feedback: Alumni on Workplace Presenting and Improving Courses

Alumni are an underutilized resource for input on the oral presentation skills employees need at work and what should be taught in oral-presentation-focused business communication courses. Yet they...
Abstract 415: Lipid Profiles in Minority and Non-Minority Veterans following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background Lipid lowering therapy is an established core measure of secondary prevention in coronary artery disease management. The National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult treatment panel III (NCEP ATPIII) guidelines recommend a goal low density lipoprotein (LDL) level less than 100 mg/dL for CAD management. Statins remain the preferred agent for LDL reduction. It is unclear whether race plays a role in lipid control. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study on all patients undergoing PCI at an urban veterans hospital from September 2004 to December 2011. Statin use and lipid profiles at six months post-PCI were compared to pre-PCI values between minorities and non-minorities. Results A total of 1052 patients (60% minorities of which 88% were African American) were analyzed. The mean LDL decreased at six-month follow up in both groups. The mean LDL decreased by 15.2 mg/dL in the minority group and by 15.1 mg/dL in the non-minority group (p Conclusion Both groups exhibited an improvement in LDL levels six months after PCI and while on statin therapy. The mean difference was equivalent for minorities and non-minorities. This improvement was also reflected in the increased proportion of patients meeting ATPIII guidelines in both groups. There was also an increase in the usage of statin therapy in both groups at six months; however, the minority subgroup displayed a greater increase in statin use when compared to the non-minority subgroup.
Seed Predation in Wild Populations of Chamisso Arnica (Arnica chamissonis Less: Asteraceae) and New Host Records for Campiglossa snowi (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

New host records are reported for Campiglossa snowi (Hering), Tephritis leavittensis Blanc, and Trupanea nigricornis (Coquillett) on Arnica chamissonis Less. and C. snowi on Arnica mollis Hook. Campiglossa snowi was the only fruit fly reared from A. chamissonis from 3 different populations from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, over 5 sample years. A total of 1114 specimens of C. snowi were reared from the flower heads of 337 plants averaging 5 flower heads per plant. Seed damage from fly larvae ranged from 0% to 54.8% per capitulum, with an overall average of 18.3% across all years and between 3 sites on the Kenai Peninsula. Infestation rates for individual capitula and entire plants averaged 56.4% and 79.0%, respectively, across all years and sites. Fly abundance was not consistent from year to year, but peaked during 2010, with substantially lower values in years preceding and following the peak. Campiglossa snowi individuals reared from flower heads at additional sites and across multiple states expand the species' known distribution range.
Tumor suppressor p53 transcriptionally regulates Bak expression in pancreatic cancer

4976 Introduction: The threshold for induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is determined by the relative balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Underexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins or relative overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins may result in apoptotic resistance in cancer cells. We have previously shown that Bak, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, is underexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The mechanisms of Bak gene regulation are not clearly defined. Tumor suppressor p53 has been show to upregulate Bax gene expression through direct transcriptional transactivation. We identified two putative p53 transcriptional sites in the Bak promoter with homology to consensus p53-binding motifs. We hypothesize that p53 regulates the transcription of Bak through binding at these motifs. Methods: The human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 (wildtype p53) and MIA-PaCa-2 (mutant p53) were used for all experiments. Bak mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. To demonstrate binding of p53 to the putative sites in the Bak promoter, electromobility shift assays were performed. A Bak promoter/luciferase reporter was also constructed to functionally evaluate Bak gene promoter function. The effect of site-directed mutagenesis of the putative p53 sites was performed and the effect examined in both cell lines. Finally, the effect of restoration of wildtype-p53 in the MIA-PaCa-2 cell line (mutant p53) on Bak transcription was determined. Results: Bak RNA and protein levels were higher in BxPC-3 (wildtype p53) than MIA-PaCa-2 (mutant p53). Gel-shifted products to the putative p53 sites in the Bak promoter was demonstrated in BxPC-3, but not MIA-PaCa-2. Mutation of the putative p53 sites eliminated the gel shift product and reduced promoter activity in the promoter/luciferase construct in BxPC-3, but had no effect in MIA-PaCa-2. Conclusions: Tumor suppressor p53 transcriptionally regulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bak in pancreatic cancer. Loss of functional p53, a common event in pancreatic cancer, may result in suppression of Bak transcription. Therapy targeted at transcriptionally increasing Bak may be a novel method of therapy to increase pro-apoptotic protein content and therefore restore apoptotic sensitivity in pancreatic cancer.
Beyond-use dating of lidocaine alone and in two "magic mouthwash" preparations.

Purpose Beyond-use dating (BUD) of lidocaine alone and in two “magic mouthwash” preparations stored in amber oral syringes at room temperature was determined. Methods Two formulations of mouthwash containing oral topical lidocaine 2% (viscous), diphenhydramine 2.5 mg/mL, and aluminum hydroxide–magnesium hydroxide–simethicone were prepared in 1:1:1 and 1:2.5:2.5 ratios, divided into 3-mL samples, and stored in unit-dose oral amber syringes. Unit-dose single-product lidocaine samples were also prepared to serve as controls and stored in oral amber syringes. The lidocaine concentrations in these samples were measured periodically for 90 days. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for system suitability, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, linearity, and robustness. Results Based on the calculated percentages versus the initial concentration and the results from an analysis of variance comparing the two formulations, a BUD of 21 days is deemed appropriate for both magic mouthwash formulations. Based on the stability data, published safety concerns, and lack of efficacy in combination, packaging and dispensing lidocaine separately from other ingredients are recommended when administering magic mouthwash mixtures. Utilizing a 90-day BUD, lidocaine can be packaged separately from other magic mouthwash ingredients in individual dosage units and applied to the oral cavity using the swish-and-spit method. The delivery of the diphenhydramine and aluminum hydroxide–magnesium hydroxide–simethicone could be separated, allowing for a swish-and-swallow method of administration. Conclusion A BUD of 21 days is recommended for lidocaine prepared with diphenhydramine and aluminum hydroxide–magnesium hydroxide–simethicone in ratios of 1:1:1 and 1:2.5:2.5 and stored at room temperature in amber oral plastic syringes.
A Large Scale Quantitative Exploration of Modeling Strategies for Content Scoring

We explore various supervised learning strategies for automated scoring of content knowledge for a large corpus of 130 different content-based questions spanning four subject areas (Science, Math, English Language Arts, and Social Studies) and containing over 230,000 responses scored by human raters. Based on our analyses, we provide specific recommendations for content scoring. These are based on patterns observed across multiple questions and assessments and are, therefore, likely to generalize to other scenarios and prove useful to the community as automated content scoring becomes more popular in schools and classrooms.
Stranger than (Science) Fiction: Environmental Dystopia in Hollywood Sci-Fi

This chapter examines three films within the science fiction genre that focus on different types of environmental disaster: in Interstellar , the problem is hinted to be overpopulation, soil depletion, and loss of biodiversity; in Children of Men , it is suggested to be pollution; in Allegiant , it is radioactive fallout that has devastated the land. The chapter focuses on the potential causes for environmental problems while also placing these issues in environmental and political context, including Zika, Brexit, climate change, and nuclear disasters like Chernobyl. All three films contain heavily dystopian perspectives about environmental damage. but also glimmers of optimism , which is consistent with the science fiction generic form.
18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals

The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of ...
Exploring communication media options in an inter-organizational disaster response coordination network using agent-based simulation

Abstract Large-scale disasters require rapid, well-coordinated responses from many organizations. This coordination involves extensive communication about specific needs, resource availability, optimal sizes and packaging of goods, and location and timing of deliveries. Faster, more accurate communication within the disaster response network translates to more effective response at the disaster site. This article presents a modeling project that assessed the effects of distinct communication media on response times within a centralized network. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides support and coordination among numerous responding agencies. An initial agent-based simulation model incorporated data from participant interviews and FEMA documentation about communication processes among response organization representatives. This model tracked effects of meetings, meeting scheduling, and bulletins on time required to complete the processing of requests. Following a second round of interviews and detailed observations during a national disaster exercise, we built a second agent-based simulation model that varied usage of email, phone, and face-to-face communications alongside a centralized information system and tracked the processing of anticipated, standard, and non-standard resource requests. Results show significant effects of different combinations of communication media on response times. Recommendations based on the study include: resist the temptation to schedule more than one meeting per day; use bulletins to disseminate information updates; supplement the centralized information system with direct interpersonal communication media such as email; and for unusual or difficult requests enable representatives to have in-person conversations or the closest alternative such as video teleconferencing with screen-sharing.
Intermittency and Anisotropy in the Ionized Interstellar Medium

The discovery of pulsars was closely followed by the discovery of dispersion and scattering in the interstellar plasma (ionized interstellar medium - IISM). The rich phenomena of scattering and scintillation have since been successfully modelled as propagation through a statistically uniform plasma turbulence with an isotropic Kolmogorov spectrum of density. However, this enticingly simple model fails to explain the many recent observations, that show anisotropic scattering from highly localized regions of the IISM often referred to as phase screens. I summarize the recent evidence from pulsars and also from very compact AGN sources, which can exhibit rapid scintillation and occasionally ESEs. The unknown astrophysical origin of these phenomena includes thin current sheets, the diffuse remnants of old supernova shells, and plasma filaments surrounding ubiquitous molecular clumps near young hot stars.
The Role of Cultural Anthropology in the Education of Social Service Personnel

Anthropology contributes to the education of social work students through its emphasis on the role of culture and of social context in the delivery of social services. Examples are provided with special emphasis on child abuse and protective services. While anthropology has traditionally been associated with the study of minorities, its role in the critique of other social work concerns is suggested. Anthropologists have generally not looked to social work for an academic and intellectual ally. However. like social work, anthropology evolved late in the last century and became institutionally established early in the 1900's. Like social work, it grew in response to serious public problems, although they were often the problems of empire in exotic settings rather than problems of domestic turmoil. Like social work, anthropology grew from liberal, humanistic concerns for the integrity of individuals and the character and quality of their lives. But, whereas, social work undertook a rehabilitative mission based on case work in situ, anthropology became a descriptive and analytical social "science" operating out of academic strongholds. For social work and anthropology, the separation has prevented recognition of common grounds for discussion, planning, teaching, research and action. As a beginning toward overcoming that separation, this paper represents one anthropologist's view of how cultural anthropological concepts can contribute to social work practice not only in minority communities where anthropologists have been professionally active but among dominant groups as well. 2 While anthropology has often been viewed as a discipline singularly concerned with the exotic and remote, it is important to note that anthropologists have for years worked in
Oxygen transport and intracellular bioenergetics on stimulated cat skeletal muscle.

A unique multiparameter recording of skeletal muscle bioenergetics, biochemistry and biomechanics has permitted determination of novel relationships among hemodynamics, cellular high-energy metabolites and mitochondrial bioenergetics in feline skeletal muscle. The study utilizes 31P NMR, NIR, and NADH fluorescence spectrophotometry, biochemical assays and muscle performance. Seven cats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Calf muscles were stimulated through sciatic nerve electrical stimulation and tension was monitored by a strain gauge connected to the Achilles tendon. We stimulated the muscle to produce several workloads up to Vmax• We also changed Fi02 from normoxia to hypoxia for each %Vmax. From these results, the most sensitive indicators of cellular hypoxia leading to a reduction in muscle performance can be determined. Hemoglobin deoxygenation generally does not correlate with cellular hypoxia, although when the Hb02 drops below 30% saturation there is an increased incidence of cellular hypoxia. The [ADP], which is known to regulate mitochondrial function, has a close relation to the work, not to the hypoxia. On the other hand, the mitochondrial NADH does respond to cellular PO2. The degree of oxidation (NADH decrease) due to the ATP flux shifts with oxygen availability in mild to moderate hypoxia (at Fi02 down to 9%). As cellular hypoxia causes decreases in muscle performance (moderate to severe hypoxia), NADH is being reduced rather than oxidized with increasing workloads.
Targeting defective proteostasis in the collagenopathies

The collagenopathies are a diverse group of diseases caused primarily by mutations in collagen genes. The resulting disruptions in collagen biogenesis can impair development, cause cellular dysfunction, and severely impact connective tissues. Most existing treatment options only address patient symptoms. Yet, while the disease-causing genes and proteins themselves are difficult to target, increasing evidence suggests that resculpting the intracellular proteostasis network, meaning the machineries responsible for producing and ensuring the integrity of collagen, could provide substantial benefit. We present a proteostasis-focused perspective on the collagenopathies, emphasizing progress toward understanding how mechanisms of collagen proteostasis are disrupted in disease. In parallel, we highlight recent advances in small molecule approaches to tune endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis that may prove useful in these disorders.
Data-driven Sustainability in Manufacturing: Selected Examples

Abstract Sustainability in manufacturing is an imperative of growing importance to preserve our world’s resources. This paper emphasizes the notion that data collection, data analysis and data-driven control strategies in manufacturing are key to achieve more sustainable manufacturing. This is discussed with selected examples from quality assurance, machine tool design, and worker expertise. Quality assurance is the enabler of high-quality products, low scrap rates, and fault-resistant manufacturing practices. Machine tools are large consumers of energy in manufacturing and need to be designed with resource-efficiency in mind. The worker is another integral component of sustainable manufacturing, enabling highly efficient operations through his or her expertise, which can be demonstrated with the example of manual grinding. The selected examples exemplify how comprehensive data on different temporal and spatial levels enables data-driven sustainability in manufacturing, which helps achieving a truly circular world.
Deep latency: A new insight into a functional HIV cure

Latent HIV reservoir is the main obstacle that prevents a cure for HIV-1 (HIV). While antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling viral replication, it cannot eliminate latent HIV reservoirs in patients. Several strategies have been proposed to combat HIV latency, including bone marrow transplantation to replace blood cells with CCR5-mutated stem cells, gene editing to disrupt the HIV genome, and "Shock and Kill" to reactivate latent HIV followed by an immune clearance. However, high risks and limitations to scale-up in clinics, off-target effects in human genomes or failure to reduce reservoir sizes in patients hampered our current efforts to achieve an HIV cure. This necessitates alternative strategies to control the latent HIV reservoirs. This review will discuss an emerging strategy aimed to deeply silence HIV reservoirs, the development of this concept, its potential and caveats for HIV remission/cure, and prospective directions for silencing the latent HIV, thereby preventing viruses from rebound.
A numerical study of particle friction and initial state effects on the liquefaction of granular assemblies

Abstract Liquefaction of sandy soil due to cyclic loading can result in catastrophic damage to the built environment. Liquefaction has been previously studied through field testing, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. However, the particle-scale behavior of granular materials during the initiation of liquefaction has not been comprehensively quantified. In the current work, the discrete element method is employed to study the effect of global void ratio, initial confining stress, overconsolidation ratio, and particle friction on liquefaction resistance. Mechanical coordination number, local void ratio distribution (LVRD) entropy, fabric anisotropy and average rotational velocity are quantified in each assembly to provide insight into the particle-scale physics governing liquefaction resistance. Results show that lower global void ratio, increased confining stress, higher OCR values, and higher particle friction all increase liquefaction resistance. Immediately prior to the onset of liquefaction, the mechanical coordination number in each assembly sharply decreased to approximately 2.5, with the remaining contacts attributed primarily to particle collision after liquefaction initiation and fabric collapse. Anisotropy induced in the cyclic loading process was due to normal contact force anisotropy, which was more prominent in the specimens with higher initial confining pressures. Liquefaction resistance for overconsolidated specimens was found to be lower than that of normally consolidated specimens at the same void ratio. We observe liquefaction resistance to be sensitive to the coefficient of interparticle sliding friction, especially for lower friction coefficients. Average particle rotational velocities are shown to increase with increasing interparticle friction. The quantity of energy dissipated through frictional sliding was controlled by both the rate of dissipation and the number of loading cycles to liquefaction. In sum, the simulations elucidate significant connections between micromechanical properties and liquefaction response at different initial states and with different particle frictions.
Safe Transition to Pembrolizumab following Ipilimumab-Induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapies with indications for treating several solid cancers. They are associated with immune-related adverse events, which are generally well tolerated. Though rare, severe side effects may be life-threatening. One such adverse event is Guillain-Barre syndrome, which requires cessation of the immunotherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin and/or high-dose steroids to treat. No recommendations have been published regarding restarting cancer treatment after development of immunotherapy-induced Guillain-Barre syndrome. Case Presentation. A 71-year-old gentleman with recurrent, stage IIIB melanoma was started on ipilimumab (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitor) for adjuvant treatment following radical neck dissection and radiation therapy. After completing his third cycle of ipilimumab, he developed rapidly progressive ascending paralysis. He was diagnosed with ipilimumab-induced atypical Guillain-Barre syndrome and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. Ipilimumab was discontinued, and the patient was monitored via surveillance imaging, as there was no evidence of active disease at that time. Several months later, he was found to have recurrent disease involving the lung, requiring right lower lobectomy. Restaging revealed thoracic lymph node involvement, and he was then started on pembrolizumab (programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor). He experienced a complete tumoral response to pembrolizumab, and he tolerated treatment well without recurrent weakness. Conclusions. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare but severe complication associated with immunotherapy. Our findings suggest that in patients with a history of ipilimumab-induced Guillain-Barre syndrome, pembrolizumab may possibly be a safe and effective alternative for cancer therapy.
Zeeman Effect Observations in Class I Methanol Masers

We report the detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the star forming region DR21W. The 44 GHz methanol masers in this source occur in a ∼3” linear structure that runs from northwest to southeast, with the two dominant components at each end, and several weaker maser components in between. Toward a 93 Jy maser in the dominant northwestern component, we find a significant Zeeman detection of −23.4 ± 3.2 Hz. If we use the recently published result of Lankhaar et al. (2018) that the F=5-4 hyperfine transition is responsible for the 44 GHz methanol maser line, then their value of z = −0.92 Hz mG−1 yields a line-of-sight magnetic field of Blos =25.4 ± 3.5 mG. If Class I methanol masers are pumped in high density regions with n∼107–8 cm−3, then magnetic fields in these maser regions should be a few to several tens of mG. Therefore, our result in DR21W is certainly consistent with the expected values. Using the above noted splitting factor in past Zeeman effect detections in Class I methanol masers reported by Sarma & Momjian (2011) and Momjian & Sarma (2017) in the star forming regions OMC-2 and DR21(OH) result in Blos values of 20.0 ± 1.2 mG and 58.2 ± 2.9 mG, respectively. These are also consistent with the expected values.
The impact of increased awareness of acute kidney injury in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on acute kidney injury incidence and reporting: results of a retrospective cohort study.

To evaluate the impact of nephrology integration in the NICU on acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence, provider reporting, and nephrology referral. Cohort study in a single-center NICU from January 2012 to December 2017 (n = 1464). We assessed the impact of clinical practice changes including neonatal-nephrology rounds on the incidence of AKI. AKI occurred in 318 neonates (22%). AKI occurred less frequently in those admitted after clinical practice changes (P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, clinical practice changes were associated with reduced odds of AKI (adjusted odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI 0.22–0.44, P < 0.001). Provider reporting of AKI improved (P < 0.001) and more neonates were referred for nephrology follow-up (P < 0.001). Increased nephrology integration in the NICU was associated with decreased AKI incidence. While recognition of AKI improved, AKI remained poorly reported and nephrology AKI follow-up did not routinely occur. This study supports the importance of increased nephrology involvement in the NICU.
Amplified spontaneous emission of phonons as a likely mechanism for density-dependent velocity saturation in GaN transistors

We show that density-dependent velocity saturation in a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) can be related to the stimulated emission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. As the drift velocity of electrons increases, the drift of the Fermi distribution in reciprocal space results in population inversion and gain for the LO phonons. Once this gain reaches a threshold value, the avalanche-like increase in LO phonon emission causes a rapid loss of electron energy and momentum and leads to drift velocity saturation. Our simple model correctly predicts both the general trend of decreasing saturation velocity with increasing electron density, and the measured experimental values of saturation.
Neuroimaging of the Human Hypothalamus

Multiplanar capability and superior tissue contrast differentiation render magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the preferred method of examination of lesions affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. MR imaging is the modality of choice for evaluating the anatomy and pathologic conditions of the hypothalamus. The MR imaging differential diagnosis of various hypothalamic disease entities relies on understanding the signal characteristics and postcontrast enhancement patterns. MR imaging features in addition to the patient’s demographics and clinical presentation will help the clinician to treat the patient appropriately.
Modulated Reactance Surface Synthesis for Ideal 1-D Leaky-Wave Radiation

Modulated reactance surfaces for ideal 1-D leaky-wave radiation are designed based on complete aperture field synthesis over both propagating and evanescent spectra. For a desired far-zone radiation pattern specified by the visible-region part of the aperture field, the invisible-region part is introduced and optimized such that the total aperture fields render the radiation aperture passive and lossless everywhere. When excited by a surface wave, the resulting modulated reactance surface generates the synthesized near fields and produces the intended far-zone pattern.
Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms.

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of 'Green Tower' lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1300 µmol·m-2·s-1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 µmol·m-2·s-1) and high PPFD (1000 µmol·m-2·s-1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 µmol·m-2·s-1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1000 µmol·m-2·s-1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.
Load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems with time delays

Finite-dimensional decentralized controller design methods are developed for load-frequency control of interconnected multi-area power systems subject to time delays. Each service area may contain different types of governors and turbines, and are subject to different time delays. The controllers proposed for each service area are simple to implement, and they offer freedom in the design parameters, which may be used to improve achievable system performance. They also have integral-action so that the frequency deviation outputs due to constant load disturbances go to zero asymptotically.