cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Economics and Accounting's introducing the classics: Abraham Briloff's 'The gap in GAAP'

The accounting classics series in the International Journal of Economics and Accounting is an important strand in this journal's policy of bringing a critical understanding of auditing and financial reporting. This journal is only interested in the technocratic regression and market studies research, if authors display a degree of critical self-reflection. The tacit ideological thrust of mainstream market studies research is an affirmation of the market and its capacity to deliver economic and social equilibrium results. Market studies publications rarely wear this ideology openly on its sleeve; rather their delivery is slick – sticking to 'the facts' allowing the data to 'speak for itself'. The applause for the market is implicit and its efficacy is taken as 'self-evident' – that's the successful advanced economies work. Of course, that's all changed; we are in deep trouble, and urgently need to revisit Briloff and the lessons he brings us (Cooper, 2008).
On Optimal Stopping Rules

Let y 1,y 2, … be a sequence of random variables with a given joint distribution. Assume that we can observe the y’s sequentially but that we must stop some time, and that if we stop with yn we will receive a payoff x n = f n(y 1, …, y n). What stopping rule will maximize the expected value of the payoff?
A comparative study of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, trypsin, neuropathy target esterase, and spleen cell activation by structurally related organophosphorus compounds

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds can bind to and inactivate several target molecules other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In the present study, five sets of structurally related organophosphorus compounds were used to evaluate the relationships between organophosphorus binding sites of AChE, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), trypsin, and the target molecule(s) involved in inhibition of splenocyte activation by OP compounds. The concentration of each OP compound required to inhibit enzyme activity or splenocyte activation by concanavalin A by 50% was determined. The pattern of IC50 values indicated that AChE, trypsin, NTE, and the molecule(s) involved in inhibition of splenocyte activation are distinct with regard to patterns of inhibition by OP compounds. However, there was a striking similarity in the patterns of inhibition for trypsin and NTE with substantial differences for only 2 of 20 compounds. This pattern suggests similarity in the active sites of these molecules. There were also similarities in the IC50 patterns for lymphocyte activation and trypsin or NTE activity. However, the correlation was not as strong as between NTE and trypsin, and the data suggested the possibility of multiple target molecules for inhibition of splenocyte activation by OP compounds. More importantly, there was essentially no correlation between the pattern of IC50 values for AChE and splenocyte activation. This strongly suggests that acetylcholine and AChE of the type found in the brain are not important in the regulation of splenocyte activation by concanavalin A.
Characteristics of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection.

BACKGROUND There is recent evidence that the incidence of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) appears to be increased in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The current study was conducted to describe the clinical, immunologic, and pathologic characteristics of indolent B-cell lymphoma in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS The current report was a retrospective study of 10 cases of indolent NHL identified from the AIDS-Lymphoma Registry at the University of Southern California School of Medicine. These patients were compared with 336 consecutive patients with systemic intermediate/high-grade AIDS-related NHL who were diagnosed and treated at a single institution. RESULTS The pathology of the indolent cases included follicular lymphoma (five patients), small lymphocytic lymphoma (two patients), and one case each of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), monocytoid B-cell, and marginal zone lymphoma. When comparing the indolent lymphomas with the intermediate/high-grade AIDS-NHL cases, no differences were observed with regard to demographic characteristics or history of prior opportunistic infection. HIV patients with indolent lymphomas were found to have a significantly higher median CD4+ lymphocyte count compared with patients with intermediate/high-grade NHL (531 /mm3 vs. 90 /mm3) (P < 0.0001). Bone marrow involvement was significantly more common in indolent NHL cases (50%) versus intermediate/high-grade NHL cases (17%) (P = 0.02). The median survival for patients with indolent NHL was significantly longer compared with patients with intermediate/high-grade NHL (66.8 months vs. 7.1 months) (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Indolent lymphomas occurring in patients infected with HIV appear to differ from intermediate/high-grade lymphomas with regard to immune status and propensity for bone marrow involvement and prolonged survival. The median survival in the group of HIV-seropositive patients with indolent NHL examined in the current study was found to be comparable to that reported in HIV-negative individuals. Cancer 2002;94:1500–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10368
How Safe Is Safe? Risk in Radiotherapy

Receiving radiotherapy could be compared to taking an airplane flight. It can be an uncomfortable and scary process for some people, but it is often necessary to get from point A to point B. In the vast majority of cases, everything goes well. The recent front-page article in the New York Times (‘‘Radiation Offers New Cures, and Ways to Do Harm,’’ Sunday, January 24, 2010) highlights what can happen when the technologically advanced processes do not go well and leads us to ask the question: How safe are our patients? Although radiation oncology does not have the equivalent of the National Transportation Safety Board to provide data on the frequency of accidents, a back-of-the-envelope estimate can be made. The investigation by the New York Times suggests that there were 621 misadministrationsin New York State over an 8-year period from 2001 to 2009. This is likely a substantial underestimation of the problem, as noted by the reporters, because it is based largely on incidents serious enough to be reported to the New York State Department of Health. Nevertheless, if this error rate is representative of the nation as a whole, then, scaling to the U.S. population (308.6 million in the United States vs. 19.5 million in New York State), we calculate that there may be some 1,225 mistreatments per year. Although 1,225 is a large number, considering the large number of radiation treatments that are delivered each year, it is a small fraction of the total number of patients treated. To quantify how small, we estimate that there are currently approximately 740,000 patients in the United States receiving radiation each year. This is based on the fact that approximately 1.5 million people were diagnosed with cancer in 2009 (1), and approximately 50% of cancer patients receive radiation at some point according to statistics from the National Cancer Institute. The estimated rate of misadministrations for each patient is then approximately 0.2% (1 in 600). The question then is, how bad is 0.2%, given that the goal is zero?
The Role of Laser Damping in Trapped Ion Crystals

Publisher Summary Cooling by laser radiation pressure is essential to reach the milliKelvin temperatures at which crystallization can occur. Cooling rates depend on array size and on the position of the ion in the array. Cooling rates can reverse sign so that heating occurs below resonance and cooling occurs above resonance. Cooling rates depend sensitively on trap parameters—for example, trap voltage and frequency. The inhibition of laser cooling is caused by Doppler shifts arising from radio frequency micromotion. Ions in an rf quadrupole trap undergo micromotion oscillations about their equilibrium position at the frequency of the rf trap voltage Ω. In ion arrays, substantial micromotion is always present to balance the mutual Coulomb repulsion of the ions. Micromotion amplitudes are comparable to the wavelength of the cooling radiation and strong Doppler shifts result. Micromotion Doppler shifts can reduce or even reverse the sign of laser cooling in ion crystals relative to single ions. This chapter describes a few experiments that demonstrate spectral broadening and the inhibition of laser cooling by micromotion.
Calcified Postinflammatory Pseudotumor of the Lung: Ct Features

Abstract A densely calcified, large postinflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) in the lung of an 8-year-old girl is presented. The lesion mimicked a chondroid hamartoma on CT. Review of the literature revealed a small but significant incidence of calcification detected in plasma cell granuloma, despite what is commonly written in textbooks of radiologic diagnosis. Inflammatory pseudotumor in children is as likely as in adults to contain calcification and may be more likely to calcify.
Genioglossal hypoglossal motoneurons contact substance P-like immunoreactive nerve terminals in the cat: a dual labeling electron microscopic study

This study investigated the synaptic interactions between hypoglossal motoneurons that project to the genioglossus muscle and substance P (SP) containing immunoreactive nerve terminals. Cholera toxin B conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (CTB-HRP) was injected into the right half of the genioglossus muscle in four anesthetized cats. Two days later, the animals were perfused with acrolein fixative. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was the chromogen used to detect retrogradely labeled cells containing CTB-HRP. The tissues were then processed for immunocytochemistry using an antiserum raised against SP with diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the chromogen. At the light microscopic level, labeled cells were observed primarily ipsilaterally in ventral and ventrolateral subdivisions of the hypoglossal nucleus. The majority of these labeled cells were observed at the level of the area postrema. At the electron microscopic level, SP-like immunoreactive nerve terminals formed synaptic contacts with retrogradely labeled dendrites and perikarya. Nineteen percent of the terminals that contacted retrogradely labeled cells contained SP. These are the first ultrastructural studies demonstrating synaptic interactions between protruder hypoglossal motoneurons and SP terminals. These studies demonstrate that hypoglossal motoneurons which innervate the major protruder muscle of the tongue, the genioglossus muscle, may be modulated by SP. Thus, SP may play a role in the control of protrusive movements of the tongue acting via neurokinin receptors.
Contact poling of the nonlinear optical film for polymer-based electro-optic modulator

Poling of nonlinear optical (NLO) film is an important step in building an electro-optic polymer-based modulator. In this paper, an electro-optic modulator based on disperse red 1(DR1) side chained poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA/DR1) nonlinear optical film is designed and fabricated using the standard very large scale integration fabrication procedures. The poling methods are discussed and the contact poling is used to poling the nonlinear optical film. The poling voltage is determined by the measurement of break- down voltage. The refractive indices change before and after contact poling is given. The electro-optical coefficient of 12pm/V is obtained.
Gendered Realities of the Immunity Principle: Why Gender Analysis Needs Feminism

The discipline of international relations has had different reactions to the increased salience of gender advocacy in international politics; some have reacted by asking feminist questions about IR, while others have encouraged the study of gender as a variable disengaged from feminist advocacy. This article takes up this debate simultaneously with current debate on gender and the noncombatant immunity principle. Through a causal analysis of the ineffectiveness of the immunity principle, it argues that feminism is an indispensable empirical and theoretical tool for the study of gender in global politics. Concurrently, it demonstrates that gender stereotypes in the immunity principle are a natural part of the gendered just war narrative, rather than a deviation from normal immunity advocacy. It concludes by arguing that the gendered immunity principle fails to afford any civilians protection, and by suggesting a more effective, feminist reformulation based on empathy.
Effect of Multiparity on Human Maternal Hypersensitivity to Foetal Antigen

ALTHOUGH the infant possesses histocompatibility antigens which differ significantly from those of the mother, the foetal allograft manages to survive the period of gestation without being rejected. To explain this apparent paradox of transplantation immunology, Medawar in 1953 advanced several hypotheses1. These included (1) that the uterus may be an immunologically privileged site; (2) that the foetal antigens are weakly expressed; (3) that there may be an anatomical barrier separating the maternal and foetal circulations, and (4) that pregnancy may be accompanied by some reduction in the immunological capacity of the mother. We have attempted to evaluate one aspect of this problem using an in vitro correlate of cellular hypersensitivity to study the immunological response of the mother's lymphocytes to those of her infant. This technique, the macrophage migration inhibition assay2, measures the elaboration of a soluble material, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), from sensitized lymphocytes after stimulation by specific antigen3,4. Previous work with mice has shown that when peritoneal exudate cells from two genetically different strains were mixed together for 24 h their migration was not inhibited, that is, no MIF was generated, unless one strain had been previously sensitized to the other5. In these conditions, the assay appeared to be measuring a cellular immune response indicating prior sensitization. This is in contrast to the response observed in the standard mixed lymphocyte reaction which measures at 5 days the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into lymphocyte DNA. The latter response records an event of primary sensitization between lymphocytes of individuals with different histocompatibility antigens.
Happiness, economic freedom and culture

The cultural dimension of the subjective well-being (SWB)–economic freedom relationship has been largely absent from the current literature. This article’s argument for the inclusion of culture is twofold. First, culturally distinct groups may view the desirability of freedom in general and economic freedom in particular differently. Second, the inclusion of culture may explain some of the results presented in the existing research, such as positive contributions of freedom to SWB being confined to mostly developed countries. In this article, the respondent-based results use the World Values Survey (WVS) data with over 180 000 subjects in 86 countries and indicate that freedom of choice felt by individuals is an important determinant of SWB along with health and satisfaction with finances. While the respondent-based estimations do not show any variation in the effect of freedom of choice on SWB among different religious affiliations, the cross-section data-set that contains the same countries as in the WV...
SELF PERCEPTION IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS AS MEASURED BY HUMAN FIGURE DRAWINGS

There are a variety of physical, emotional and adjustment problems associated with obesity. This study was designed to explore the relationship between self perception and body image. The “Draw A Person Test” in which the human figure drawing is interpreted as a projection of the subjects self image was administered to 160 adolescents, half obese (more than 25 1bs. overweight by Standard Tables), and half normal in weight. Both groups were matched for sex and age. Patients with serious medical or psychiatric problems were excluded. The physical dimensions of the drawings were obtained by measuring height and width and obtaining a height-width ratio, which we have designated an obesity index. This serves as a relative measure of obesity in the drawing. The data was subjected to a three-factor analysis of variance for a) weight, b) sex and c) age. Statistically significant differences were found for weight and sex, but not for age. The weight by sex interaction approached statistical significance, but none of the remaining interactions were significant. The findings indicate that the obese male projects his obesity into his drawing whereas the obese female does so only minimally. We postulate both conscious and unconscious mechanisms contribute to this finding.
Analysis of the Key Parameters in the Cold Start of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

This paper investigates the heat/mass transfer and electrochemical kinetics in the cathode catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) during cold start below the freezing temperature. A number of key parameters that govern the cold-start operations, such as time constants and the Damkohler number, are defined and their impacts are explored. A lumped parameter model for cell temperature and ice formation is developed and one-dimensional analysis is performed on the reactant transport in the catalyst layer. We found that a dimensionless parameter, defined as ratio of the time constant of cell warmup to that of ice-volume growth, is important for self-startup of fuel cells in subzero conditions, and a high value of tortuosity has profound impact on reactant starvation during cold start. In addition, the reduction in the electrochemical active surface of the catalyst layer due to the ice coverage is found to be a major mechanism leading to cell voltage loss during cold start.
Cylindrical nanocavity and nanowire electrodes for redox cycle dopamine sensing: design, fabrication, and characterization

We investigated the use of a three dimensional, cylindrical nanocavity structure with two working electrodes for use in dopamine sensing using redox cycling. This method of dopamine detection has been an active area of research for many years, with sensor designs developing to smaller and smaller sizes, as detection limits approach those needed for an in vivo dopamine detector. Toward that end, the nanocavity structure, based around a field of vertically oriented nanowires, was conceived, fabricated, and tested for feasibility. Each nanowire serves as one of the working electrodes, while the second is formed as a semi-enclosing cylindrical shell, with an inter-electrode spacing of .2um.
POLYSTYRENE FOAM PRODUCTS EQUATION OF STATE AS A FUNCTION OF POROSITY AND FILL GAS

An accurate EOS for polystyrene foam is necessary for analysis of numerous experiments in shock compression, inertial confinement fusion, and astrophysics. Plastic to gas ratios vary between various samples of foam, according to the density and cell-size of the foam. A matrix of compositions has been investigated, allowing prediction of foam response as a function of the plastic-to-air ratio. The EOS code CHEETAH allows participation of the air in the decomposition reaction of the foam. Differences between air-filled, Ar-blown, and CO{sub 2}-blown foams are investigated, to estimate the importance of allowing air to react with products of polystyrene decomposition. O{sub 2}-blown foams are included in some comparisons, to amplify any consequences of reaction with oxygen in air. He-blown foams are included in some comparisons, to provide an extremum of density. Product pressures are slightly higher for oxygen-containing fill gases than for non-oxygen-containing fill gases. Examination of product species indicates that CO{sub 2} decomposes at high temperatures.
Improvements in vision-based pointer control

Vision-based head trackers have been around for some years and are even beginning to be commercialized, but problems remain with respect to usability. Users without the ability to use traditional pointing devices - the intended audience of such systems - have no alternative if the automatic boot strapping process fails, there is room for improvement in face tracking, and the pointer movement dynamics do not support accurate and efficient pointing. This paper describes a novel head tracking pointer that addresses these problems.
Effects of position and speed on eccentric and concentric isokinetic testing of the shoulder rotators.

This study investigated the effects of position and speed on peak torque values of the shoulder internal and external rotators during concentric and eccentric activity. The dominant shoulder of 9 males and 10 females, 21–33 years, were tested at two velocities (60 and 180°/sec) in two positions (45° glenohumeral abduction and 45° glenohumeral flexion) and two contraction types (eccentric and concentric). Results indicated that 1) concentric internal rotation decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) at the higher speed in males, 2) eccentric external rotation increased significantly (p < 0.003) at the higher speed in females, and 3) peak torque values were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the 45° glenohumeral abduction position compared to the 45° glenohumeral flexion position during eccentric and concentric external rotation for both females and males, and for eccentric internal rotation in females. These findings are useful when planning to progress the intensity of the testing and training of the shoulde...
Buffer management for extensible database systems

Extensible database systems support the creation of new types and new access methods. We describe buffer management strategies for these systems.
Disabilities, Spirituality, and Well-Being in Late Life: Research Foundations for Study and Practice

ABSTRACT Under the impact of increasing longevity and other trends, the number of aging people with disabilities and accompanying limitations and problems is growing. Some disabilities are pre-existing conditions to which aging adds complications. Others represent completely new circumstances to the person for which each lacks habitual coping techniques. Disabilities generate complex ethical issues for individuals and society. They also tend to arouse the personal awareness of spiritual needs. Quantitative, qualitative, and clinical research investigations have demonstrated the predominately beneficial effects of spiritual interventions on the well-being of disabled elders. The findings provide many insights on the importance of including appropriate attention to spirituality in professional interventions, the services provided by lay caregivers, and informal therapies like the spiritual life review. Yet, despite significant progress, spiritual interventions still face many limitations, problems, and defi...
Cortisol Exerts Site‐, Context‐ and Dose‐Dependent Effects on Agonistic Responding in Hamsters

Abstract Site-, context- and dose-dependent actions of intrahypothalamic cortisol administration on the agonistic behaviors of adult male golden hamsters (n = 128 dyads) were examined. When cortisol-treated animals were tested in paired encounters with aggressive cholesterol-treated opponents, chronic (>/= 24 h) cortisol treatment (1 mm implants) induced significant (P medial preoptic area > ventromedial hypothalamus), but aggression in the paraventricular nucleus or third ventricle. In contrast, chronic cortisol treatment in the anterior hypothalamic area resulted in high levels of aggression during paired encounters with submissive opponents, and during territorial aggression tests with juvenile male intruders. Acute (>/= 20 min) cortisol treatment in the anterior hypothalamic area (100 nl injections) induced significant submission after 10(-2) M, but significant aggression after 10(-6) M microinjections in paired encounters with aggressive vehicle-injected opponents. These findings suggest glucocorticoid-sensitive mechanisms within the anterior hypothalamus modulate aggressive responding during intrasexual social encounters.
Non-visualization of sentinel lymph node in patients with breast cancer

Histological evaluation of the first draining lymph node (sentinel node) in the axilla of patients with breast cancer has dramatically altered the surgical approach to these patients, with sparing of the axilla if no tumour cells are identified. In a fraction of patients imaged after peri-tumoural injection of the breast, there is no visualization of the sentinel node. We retrospectively analysed the status of patients whose nodes were visualized and of patients whose nodes failed to visualize, to define the variables associated with non-visualization of the sentinel node. Seventy-four breast cancer patients were imaged following peri-tumoural injection of filtered 99Tc(m)-sulfur colloid, immediately and up to 5.5 h post-injection. The scintigraphic data were analysed with reference to the patient's age, histology, grade, site and size of tumour, previous diagnostic procedure and time interval to scan, using univariate analysis and a logistic regression model. A sentinel node was visualized in 53 of 74 women (72%). Comparison of patients with non-visualized versus visualized sentinel nodes disclosed no statistically significant univariate relation to age of the patients (P = 0.10), size of tumour (P = 0.46), site (P = 0.26), histology [invasive ductal carcinoma in 16 of 20 (80%) non-visualized cases, and in 43 of 53 (81%) visualized patients], prior excision biopsy (P = 0.36) and time interval to surgery (P = 0.29). Tumour grade was the only significant variable on univariate analysis (P = 0.03), though multivariate analysis showed that none of the independent parameters were statistically significant. In 39 patients with an upper outer quadrant tumour, the location of the sentinel node was not limited to the axilla and even crossed the midline of the breast. Our results show that none of the independent variables is associated with non-visualization of sentinel lymph node on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy of patients with breast cancer, though the tumour grade may have contributed to non-visualization of this node. The non-axillary drainage from upper outer quadrant tumours suggests the routine use of lymphoscintigraphy prior to axillary dissection.
Geospatial Data Mining for National Security: Land Cover Classification and Semantic Grouping

Land cover classification for the evaluation of land cover changes over certain areas or time periods is crucial for geospatial modeling, environmental crisis evaluation and urban open space planning. Remotely sensed images of various spatial and spectral resolutions make it possible to classify land covers on the level of pixels. Semantic meanings of large regions consisting of hundreds of thousands of pixels cannot be revealed by discrete and individual pixel classes, but can be derived by integrating various groups of pixels using ontologies. This paper combines data of different resolutions for pixel classification by support vector classifiers, and proposes an efficient algorithm to group pixels based on classes of neighboring pixels. The algorithm is linear in the number of pixels of the target area, and is scalable to very large regions. It also re-evaluates imprecise classifications according to neighboring classes for region level semantic interpretations. Experiments on advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data of more than six million pixels show that the proposed approach achieves up to 99.8% cross validation accuracy and 89.25% test accuracy for pixel classification, and can effectively and efficiently group pixels to generate high level semantic concepts.
Alcoholic hypoglycemia as a result of acute challenges of ethanol

Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia was experimentally studied in male albino rats. Intraperitoneal injections of 30% ethanol resulted in a significant decrease in blood-sugar levels (relative to saline-injection control animals) in subjects that had fasted 48 and 72 h. Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia was not found in nonfasted animals.
Codoping studies of physical vapor phase deposition of SrS:Cu

A series of charge compensation investigations on SrS:Cu grown by physical vapor phase are reported. In this study, the trivalent ion, Y, was codoped during SrS growth to substitute on the Sr-site. Although similar EL performance to high temperature annealed sputtered samples was obtained using an annealing temperature of 650°C, our results indicated that the thermal quenching in this material could only be reduced by charge compensation codoping. Preliminary results show that at 300 K the brightness of SrS:Cu, Y was only 15% less than at 10 K. From temperature dependent PL, and high resolution PLE, the physical properties of the defect and the defect reduction mechanisms are determined.
TLD assessment of mouse dosimetry during microCT imaging

Advances in laboratory animal imaging have provided new resources for noninvasive biomedical research. Among these technologies is microcomputed tomography (microCT) which is widely used to obtain high resolution anatomic images of small animals. Because microCT utilizes ionizing radiation for image formation, radiation exposure during imaging is a concern. The objective of this study was to quantify the radiation dose delivered during a standard microCT scan. Radiation dose was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), which were irradiated employing an 80 kVp x-ray source, with 0.5 mm Al filtration and a total of 54 mA s for a full 360 deg rotation of the unit. The TLD data were validated using a 3.2 cm3 CT ion chamber probe. TLD results showed a single microCT scan air kerma of 78.0±5.0 mGy when using a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) anesthesia support module and an air kerma of 92.0±6.0 mGy without the use of the anesthesia module. The validation CT ion chamber study provided a measured radiation air kerma of 81.0±4.0 mGy and 97.0±5.0 mGy with and without the PMMA anesthesia module, respectively. Internal TLD analysis demonstrated an average mouse organ radiation absorbed dose of 76.0±5.0 mGy. The author’s results have defined x-ray exposure for a routine microCT study which must be taken into consideration when performing serial molecular imaging studies involving the microCT imaging modality.
A cloud‐resolving regional simulation of tropical cyclone formation

Abstract The development of Tropical Cyclone Diana (1984) is simulated with a mesoscale model using 1.2 km grid spacing over a regional-scale (>1000 km) domain in the first known experiment of this kind. With only a synoptic-scale disturbance in the initial conditions, the model first develops a mesoscale convective system along a remnant frontal zone, which yields a mesoscale vortex. After a period of quiescence, banded convection organizes about the vortex from isolated, grid-resolved cells, with the system becoming warm-core and intensifying into Tropical Storm Diana.
Credit to Plowright for rinderpest eradication.

I was disappointed that the name of Walter Plowright was not mentioned in the News of the Week story “Rinderpest, deadly for cattle, joins smallpox as a vanquished disease” (D. Normile, 22 October, p. [435][1]). In the late 1950s, Plowright used the newly emerging techniques of tissue culture to serially passage the pathogen such that it lost its ability to cause disease but retained its antigenicity ([ 1 ][2]). The resulting live vaccine produced a lifelong immunity to the disease. He therefore became the equivalent of Jenner in the eradication of smallpox. In recognition of his achievements, Plowright was elected to the Royal Society in 1981 and received the World Food Prize, which honors advances in human development, in 1999. Unfortunately, he died in February of 2010 before the FAO announced the eradication of the disease, which has a huge impact on animal production, especially in Africa. 1. [↵][3] 1. W. Plowright , J. Hyg. Camb. 92, 285 (1984). [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][PubMed][6] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.330.6003.435 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BHyg.%2BCamb.%26rft.volume%253D92%26rft.spage%253D285%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1017%252FS0022172400064524%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F6736639%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1017/S0022172400064524&link_type=DOI [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=6736639&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F330%2F6010%2F1477.1.atom
Increased arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix reorganization in intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep.

Increased arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix reorganization in intrauterine growth–restricted fetal sheep
Determination of organic carbon in marine sediments by persulfate oxidation

Abstract A method has been developed to determine the organic C content of marine sediments using a persulfate oxidation with subsequent measurement of CO 2 by a non-dispersive IR detector. The procedure has been successfully applied to both estuarine and high-carbonate oceanic sediments. Samples analyzed by this method and a commercial elemental analyzer showed no significant difference in organic C content.
Jordan elements in a free associative algebra, I

Abstract Let A be a free associative algebra on a set X . The elements of the Lie subalgebra of A generated by X are called Lie elements and the elements of the Jordan subalgebra of A generated by 1 and X are called Jordan elements. The criteria of Specht-Wever and of Friedrichs enable one to determine whether an element of A is a Lie element. A formula of Witt gives the dimensions of the homogeneous components of the space of Lie elements. There is a well-known theorem of Cohn concerning Jordan elements from which complete results analogous to those for Lie elements can be obtained when X has three or fewer elements. It is possible to solve these problems completely for the space of simple Jordan elements, which is defined to be the smallest subspace of A containing 1 and invariant under the Jordan multiplications by elements of X . We establish a relationship between the simple Jordan elements and the Lie elements of odd degree (Section 7, Theorem 6). Using this relationship, we obtain a criterion, analogous to the Specht-Wever criterion, for determining whether an element of A is a simple Jordan element (Section 9, Theorem 8). We then give a formula for the dimensions of the homogeneous components of the space of simple Jordan elements (Section 10, Theorem 9). The symmetrized product of the elements a 1 ,…, a r , of an associative algebra is defined to be the average over all permutations a of {1,…, r} of the products a 1 σ … a rσ . In the course of proving the results above a formula is obtained, expressing the Jordan product of a r and x in terms of the Bernoulli numbers and symmetrized products of odd degree Lie elements in a and x (Section 8, Theorem 7).
Radiation pneumonitis complicated by Pneumocystis carinii

Abstract Case histories are presented of two patients with documented fatal Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis after large volume pulmonary irradiation and one patient who was reported previously. These three case histories suggest that opportunistic infection with pneumocystis should be considered in the immunosuppressed host who is thought to have radiation pneumonitis under the following conditions; if the patient (1) fails to respond to appropriate management, (2) develops symptoms at a time which is atypically early for the appearance of radiation pneumonitis, or (3) develops pulmonary symptoms following unusually low biologic radiation dose-fractionation schedules. We suggest that such individuals should be treated early in their clinical course with oral pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, perhaps even without a pathologic diagnosis; there is a serious morbidity of lung biopsy in patients with other pulmonary pathology and low morbidity of such therapy. Possibly even patients with lymphopenia who have received large volume pulmonary irradiation should be considered for prophylactic treatment.
Modeling of magnetic properties of polymer bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets with surface modifications

Abstract The effects of surface modification on the magnetic properties of polymer-bonded Nd–Fe–B magnets have been studied. Two sets of Nd–Fe–B powders, coated and uncoated, were blended and compression molded with polyphenylene sulfide in isotropic form. Their magnetic properties were measured using a Helmholtz coil and a SQUID. The results showed that the effect of the coating significantly improved the irreversible loss in flux and energy product of the polymer-bonded magnets. The results have been interpreted using an isotropic model of hysteresis that takes into account energy losses. The modeling showed that the presence of soft magnetic materials in the Nd–Fe–B powders caused by oxidation reduces the interaction among magnetic particles, however, the coating treatment alters the magnetic properties by increasing the remanence of polymer-bonded magnets via increasing the interparticle coupling coefficient.
The effects of subliminal and supraliminal suggestion on verbal productivity.

INVESTIGATIONS of "subliminal" influences on behavior are not new in psychology; studies in this area date back to the 19th century. However, judging from recent reviews of the literature by Adams (1957), McConnell, Cutter, and McNeil (1958), Eriksen (1958), and Goldiamond (1958), a resurgence of interest in the area is underway. Most of the studies reviewed by Adams (1957) require a subject to make a stimulus discrimination. In one group of these experiments, the subject knows the nature of the cue but his discrimination is better than chance at stimulus intensities at which he thinks he is guessing. In another group of experiments the subject does not know that a cue to discrimination is being given. Only 9 of the 57 studies in Adam's review do not involve a stimulus discrimination task. Seven of these are essentially operant conditioning studies in which the subject does not realize he is being conditioned because he is unaware of either the reinforcer or the class of responses being reinforced, or of both. The use of subliminal suggestion in movie and television advertising seems to belong with this latter group, for the subject's operant behavior is supposedly brought under control by suggestive cues of which he is not aware. The present study represents an attempt to construct an analogue of this type of situation. The question asked in the first experiment was: "Can one influence frequency of a graphomotor response by suggestions administered visually at subliminal intensities?"
E. coli phosphofructokinase synthesized in vitro from a ColE1 hybrid plasmid.

Abstract A hybrid plasmid, pLC 16-4, from the ColE1-DNA ( E. coli ) bank of Clarke and Carbon (1976) carrying pfkA was used to program an in vitro protein synthesis system from E. coli . Phosphofructokinase was the main product, as determined by enzyme assay, immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was synthesized in vitro without added cAMP at a rate (enzyme/genome/h) ca. 30% the in vivo value, a higher efficiency than usually found in cell free systems. The plasmid molecular weight is ca. 16 · 10 6 daltons.
Thymus-antigen- and immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes in tissue infiltrates of NZB/NZW mice.

Abstract The lymphoid infiltrates in the salivary glands and kidney of NZB/NZW mice were examined by light and fluorescence microscopy. Immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes and plasma cells, and thymus antigen-positive lymphocytes are present in the infiltrates in both organs. The early salivary gland lesions consist predominantly of immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes and plasma cells, whereas thymus antigen-positive lymphocytes are found in later lesions. A mechanism is proposed to explain tissue damage by cellular infiltrates in these animals.
Promoting Education for Sustainability in a Vaishnava (Hindu) Community

Education for a sustainable future aspires to increase pro-environmental behavior. This evaluates a project designed to help a British Vaishnava congregation reduce their ecological footprint by linking “Karma to Climate Change.” It employs a tented educational experience fielded at major Hindu Festivals. Participants are guided through a linked series of spiritual and environmental exhibits, a questionnaire, and a reflective discussion, then encouraged to pledge to change one aspect of their life. Analyses of pledges from the 2007 Janmashtami Festival reveal a desire to improve on actions already initiated and to add small, easily achievable changes.
Ascites in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Association with peritoneal implant of myeloid tissue and therapy

The case of a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and myelofibrosis engrafted upon a longstanding treated case of polycythemia rubra vera and presenting with ascites due to peritoneal implants of myeloid tissue is presented. Comments on the differential diagnosis of ascites in general, and especially in myelofibrosis, are entered. The specific simple methodology for the confirmation of this diagnosis through microscopic examination of the sediment of the ascitic fluid for the detection of megakaryocytes and erythroblasts is presented. Radiotherapy in moderate amounts offers a very effective and long-lasting form of this entity.
Neurovascular responses to sequential deep inspirations assessed via laser-Doppler perfusion changes in dorsal finger skin.

A vasomotor reflex triggered by a rapid and deep inspiration causes arteriolar vasoconstriction and a transient decrease in skin blood flow in most people. This is 1 the inspiratory gasp vascular response (IGVR). The most common site of its measurement has been on the palmar or plantar aspect of the digits and little is known about its features in skin with few or any arterial venous anastomoses (AVAs). A basic aspect of this response that has not been systematically studied is its temporal pattern associated with multiple sequential inspiratory gasps (IG) in the same person. Such information would provide insight as to whether there is any form of adaptation or temporal dependence and may serve as a basis for judging response variability. Thus, the present study was undertaken to characterize the normal pattern of responses in finger dorsum skin in a group of 28 normal persons who performed 21 sequential, uniformly spaced IG, over an interval of 42 min. The results show that IGVR measured on the finger dorsum have a magnitude comparable with that obtained on finger pulp, in spite of the relative dearth of sympathetically controlled AVAs on the dorsum. It was also found that the magnitude of the IGVR displays little if any tendency for sequential adaptation or temporal trending. Finally, the results indicate that the largest component of response variability is associated with subject-to-subject differences as compared with sequential variability within subjects.
Feedback control of temperatures during hyperthermia treatments with phased-array ultrasound applicators

A feedback control algorithm has been developed for control of tumor temperatures during hyperthermia treatments performed with ultrasound phased-array applicators. The algorithm takes temperature measurements from invasive thermocouple probes, and uses both the amplitude and the dwell times applied to each of a set of pre-computed focal patterns for control. Hard limits on the control inputs (maximum power level, non-negative dwell times) are taken into account by the algorithm. Desired temperatures may be set for a subset of the measured temperatures, and the ultrasound heating of the tumor is controlled such that the actual temperatures are as close as possible (in a mean-squared sense) to the specified temperatures. Experimental results using this control algorithm during in-vivo ultrasound hyperthermia treatments of a canine cancer tumor are presented, demonstrating that the algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the position of the temperature sensors or of the heating distribution resulting from the focal patterns.
A Brief History of Dinoflagellate Feeding Research

Our understanding of the great diversity and novelty of dinoflagellate feeding ecology (summarized in Fig. 1) is progressing rapidly after a slow, erratic beginning a century ago. This advance has not been based primarily on technical innovations. Rather, basic microscopy of wild material, like that employed a century ago, has continued to yield many important insights. Indeed, several of the most exciting discoveries (including the pallium of thecate heterotrophs and the ingestion of ciliates and dinoflagellates by both naked and thecate dinoflagellates) are actually rediscoveries that have expanded upon reports published sixty to ninety years earlier. The elucidation of feeding strategies among thecate species has advanced particularly rapidly, with the recent addition of over a dozen widespread and important thecate genera to the rank of phagotroph, leading to a significant paradigm shift: the theca can no longer be considered an insurmountable or even a significant barrier to phagotrophy. This research is now developing from a descriptive and anecdotal stage to an experimental and quantitative stage, involving analysis of rates, ecological roles, and survival strategies: however, important new descriptions are still emerging. It has been shown that dinoflagellates, despite having relatively low densities and growth rates compared to ciliates, are ecologically significant. They can even compete with and prey upon microcrustacean grazers. Among many future advances in this field, perhaps the most significant will be an understanding of nano-sized dinoflagellates, particularly “Gymnodinium” and “Gyrodinium” spp. that have already been shown to play major roles in marine food webs. This development awaits a massive taxonomic overhaul of this diverse, polyphyletic assemblage. In addition, the feeding habits of well characterized thecate taxa still await characterization.
Microstructure of fracture of a laser–electric spark coating on titanium after abrasive wear

We present results of a study of the microstructure of a ZrB2-containing combined laser–electric spark coating deposited on a titanium alloy and subjected to wear with a nonrigidly fastened abrasive performed by scanning electron microscopy in combination with an electron-probe microanalysis. It is established that the coating is characterized by a gradient microstructure over the thickness, and its subsurface layer is modified by Zr, O, Si, and C additives. We put forward the assumption that an increase in the hardness of the coating after abrasive treatment is due to its plastic deformation with the fragmentation of the structural elements and alloying with the indicated additives.