cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Risk of Hereditary Predisposition in Patients With Melanoma and/or Mesothelioma and Renal Neoplasia.

Importance In BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently associated with melanoma and/or mesothelioma, while germline MITF p.E318K alterations are being increasingly reported in melanoma/RCC. Limited data exist on the co-occurrence of melanoma and/or mesothelioma with renal neoplasia and the prevalence of associated germline alterations. Objective To assess the frequency of melanoma and/or mesothelioma co-occurring with renal neoplasia using our institutional nephrectomy registry and to determine the prevalence of BAP1 and MITF alterations within this cohort. Design, setting, and participants In this genetic association study, medical records from 8295 patients from 1970 to 2018, renal neoplasia co-occurring with melanoma and/or mesothelioma within a single institutional nephrectomy registry was reevaluated based on contemporary histopathologic criteria and the medical records were reviewed. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to May 2021. Main outcomes and measures Identified cases were screened for BAP1 loss using immunohistochemistry; while patients with melanoma and clear cell RCC were screened for MITF p.E318K alterations. Tumors from patients with potential germline alterations were analyzed with comprehensive molecular profiling using a 514-gene next generation sequencing panel. Results Of a total of 8295 patients, 93 (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.4%) had melanoma and/or mesothelioma co-occurring with renal neoplasia (cutaneous melanoma, n = 76; uveal melanoma, n = 11; mesothelioma, n = 6). A total of 69 (74.2%) were male; 24 (25.8%) were female; median age at diagnosis of renal neoplasia was 63 years (IQR, 58-70 years) and the median duration of follow-up was 8.5 years (IQR, 5.0-14.6 years). Two patients with clear cell RCC had germline BAP1 alterations in the setting of cutaneous melanoma and mesothelioma. Two patients with hybrid oncocytic tumors had biallelic inactivation of FLCN in a setting of Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome associated with uveal melanoma and mesothelioma. Tumor-only screening of clear cell RCC associated with cutaneous (n = 53) and uveal melanoma (n = 6) led to the identification of 1 patient with a likely germline MITF p.E318K alteration. After excluding benign renal neoplasia (such as oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma), alterations of BAP1, FLCN, and MITF were identified in 5 of 81 patients (6.2%) with melanoma and/or mesothelioma and renal neoplasia. In contrast to hybrid oncocytic tumors in BHD, no unique genotype-phenotype correlations were seen for clear cell RCC with pathogenic BAP1/ MITF alterations and VHL loss of function variants. Four of 5 cases (80%) met current National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for germline testing based on a combination of age, multifocality, histologic findings, and family history. Conclusions and relevance In this genetic association study, findings support the continued use of these National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria and suggest more stringent screening may be warranted in this patient population.
The Relationship of Operability and Hemoglobin Percentage in Carcinoma of the Stomach

Excerpt It is commonly known that anemia may accompany carcinoma in any region of the body, particularly if the malignancy is advanced or if the vital abdominal organs are involved. In malignancy o...
RST and clinical disorders: Anxiety and depression.

If I have seen farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants. Isaac Newton To borrow Sir Isaac Newton's metaphor, Jeffrey Gray's shoulders must be getting very sore as there are many researchers standing on them including neuroscientists, personality psychologists and psychopathologists. This is because one of the most distinctive aspects and strengths of Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is that it bridges several levels of analysis: anatomy, physiology, motivation, conditioning, personality and psychopathology. Regarding anxiety, Gray (1982; Gray and McNaughton 2000) proposed that individual differences in reactivity of the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) – a sub-system of the conceptual nervous system – not only underlies the normal personality dimension of trait anxiety/neuroticism but also underlies vulnerability to the anxiety disorders. At the anatomical level, Gray (1982) originally proposed that the septo-hippocampal system (SHS) constituted the sub-system of the central nervous system that is the seat of the BIS. Gray and McNaughton (2000) expanded the neuroanatomical seat of anxiety to include the interactions of the SHS system with the amygdala. One can derive at least three broad sets of predictions based on RST that are directly relevant for anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). First, predictions can be derived regarding the general structure of the various symptoms of the anxiety disorders. Relatedly, RST also provides a useful framework for understanding the relations of anxiety with panic and depression.
The Nels Curve: Replicating the Bell Curve Analyses with the National Educational Longitudinal Survey

This study uses the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS) to replicate both the analysis in The Bell Curve and that of several of its previous replications. We examine the relative importance of test scores and family background in predicting dropping out of high school, starting college, arrests, and out-of-wedlock fertility. Our results relax several arbitrary assumptions made in The Bell Curve. We strongly reject The Bell Curve's conclusion that family background is almost always less important than test scores in predicting outcomes. In addition, our analysis casts doubt on some of The Bell Curve's claims concerning reverse discrimination in education.
Development of lentiviral vectors for gene therapy for human diseases

Retroviral vectors derived from murine retroviruses are being used in several clinical gene therapy trials. Recently, progress has been made in the development of vectors based on the lentivirus genus of retroviruses, which ironically includes a major human pathogen, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As these vector systems for clinical gene transfer are developed, it is important to understand the rationale behind their design and development. This article reviews the fundamental features of retrovirus replication and of the elements necessary for development of a retroviral vector system, and it discusses why vector systems based on HIV or other lentiviruses have the potential to become important tools in clinical gene therapy.
3 Envisioning a Pragmatic Approach to the Archaeology of Religion

Over the past decade, many archaeologists have lamented over the parlous state of what is often labeled the “archaeology of religion.” Although much of the problem with the development of a satisfying approach to the study of religion in the past lies with religion itself, a notoriously difficult concept with a plethora of definitions, archaeologists themselves must acknowledge that they too bear responsibility for this unsatisfactory situation. Archaeologists have turned to the analysis of ritual in the past because it is easier to see ritual in the archaeological record than religion. But the result has been the creation of a corpus of disembodied ritual that may not fully capture the essential role that religion played in the past as a force for conservatism, transformation, or both. In this essay I argue that religion be reintroduced into the field by reminding archaeologists of what religion does. I illustrate how this can be accomplished within a program of philosophical pragmatism and an examination of contexts, contrasts, and combinations of archaeological data using two case studies.
Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms

Older (‘Masters’) athletes strive to maintain or even improve upon the performance they achieved at younger ages, but declines in athletic performance are inevitable with ageing. In this review, we describe changes in peak endurance exercise performance with advancing age as well as physiological factors responsible for those changes. Peak endurance performance is maintained until ∼35 years of age, followed by modest decreases until 50–60 years of age, with progressively steeper declines thereafter. Among the three main physiological determinants of endurance exercise performance (i.e. maximal oxygen consumption , lactate threshold and exercise economy), a progressive reduction in appears to be the primary mechanism associated with declines in endurance performance with age. A reduction in lactate threshold, i.e. the exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration increases significantly above baseline, also contributes to the reduction in endurance performance with ageing, although this may be secondary to decreases in . In contrast, exercise economy (i.e. metabolic cost of sustained submaximal exercise) does not change with age in endurance-trained adults. Decreases in maximal stroke volume, heart rate and arterio-venous O2 difference all appear to contribute to the age-related reductions in in endurance-trained athletes. Declines in endurance exercise performance and its physiological determinants with ageing appear to be mediated in large part by a reduction in the intensity (velocity) and volume of the exercise that can be performed during training sessions. Given their impressive peak performance capability and physiological function capacity, Masters athletes remain a fascinating model of ‘exceptionally successful ageing’ and therefore are highly deserving of our continued scientific attention as physiologists.
Effects of Reduced Soybean‐Meal Diets Containing Moringa oleifera or Leucaena leucocephala Leaf Meals on Growth Performance, Plasma Lysozyme, and Total Intestinal Proteolytic Enzyme Activity of Juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in Outdoor Tanks

Leaf meals are potential alternatives to soybean meal (SBM) in fish diets in developing countries because they are cheaper. Moringa oleifera (MOR) and Leucaena leucocephala (LEU) reduced nutrient digestibility of diets compared with SBM in an earlier study. However, fish raised outdoors consume natural foods, which might offset the negative effects of leaf-meal diets. We conducted a feeding trial using mixed-sex Nile tilapia (5.2 g) to assess performance of fish fed 36% protein diets with different concentrations of MOR and LEU leaf meals in place of SBM. Fish in static pools were fed daily to apparent satiation for 59 d. Individual weight gain (30.4–34.7 g), survival (91.8–97.3%), feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.6–1.9), proximate composition, plasma lysozyme activity, and intestinal proteolytic enzyme activity were similar among diets. However, fish fed diets containing leaf meals had higher concentrations of n-3 fatty acids than those fed the SBM control. Despite lower nutrient availability of the leaf-meal diets compared with the soy diet, MOR or LEU could replace up to 30% of the SBM protein without reducing fish performance. Inclusion of poultry meal in the diets and probable nutrient supplementation from natural foods appeared to compensate for the lower nutritional value of the leaf meals compared with SBM.
Multiple accounts of adolescent impulsivity

Adults have been concerned about adolescent impetuosity for centuries. The rashness of youth has been blamed for many teenage indiscretions, from juvenile delinquency to unprotected sex and substance use. At the turn of the 21st century, research on the development of self-control in adolescence added functional brain imaging as a complement to behavioral tasks and self-report questionnaires, but the essential question has remained the same: Why do teenagers have so much difficulty controlling their impulses? As a report in PNAS by van den Bos et al. (1) attests, the question continues to be of interest. Although we discuss some potential limitations, the study these authors describe adeptly and cleverly incorporates the broad armamentarium of tools, including self-report, behavior, brain function, and both structural and functional connectivity measures, to move us toward a more complete answer to the question.
Marine Landscapes and Faunal Recruitment: a Field Test with Seagrasses and Copepods

The influence of plant landscapes on recruitment of meiofaunal copepods was investigated in a New Zealand seagrass bed. Artificial plant mimics were placed into sediments at levels equivalent to natural blade densities (100 units per 0.5 X 0.25 m plot) in a variety of experimental treatments and retrieved 3 or 5 d later. To assess the effect of plant arrangement on faunal recruitment, plots were established within a seagrass bed in areas clipped of vegetation with (1) natural vegetation immediately surrounding the experimental plot; (2) natural vegetation clipped up to 0.5 m from plot edges; and (3) vegetation clipped up to 1 m from plot edges. Outside the natural seagrass bed plots were established in unvegetated sediments 0.5 m from the edge of the bed. Additionally, mimics were placed into plots 0.5 m from the edge of the bed which had sediment surfaces covered by plastic sheeting to determine whether recruitment onto plant mimics was from underlying sediments or from outside plots. Density of total copepods was highest on plant mimics with vegetation immediately adjacent to clipped areas inside the natural seagrass bed after 5 d. Densities of total copepods on mimics placed outside the bed were 5 x higher than those inside the bed and the covering of sediment significantly reduced recruitment. The dominant copepod species, Bulbarnphiascus sp., recruited to mimics irrespective of sediment border and probably invaded mimics from underlying sediments, although this was not true for other common species. While plant arrangement may influence recruitment of some copepod species, altering access to a source pool had a much greater effect on copepod densities on plant mimics.
Segmental and Kinetic Contributions in Vertical Jumps Performed with and without an Arm Swing

Abstract To determine the contributions of the motions of the body segments to the vertical ground reaction force (Fz), the joint torques produced by the leg muscles, and the time course of vertical velocity generation during a vertical jump, 15 men were videotaped performing countermovement vertical jumps from a force plate with and without an arm swing. Linear kinematic, Fz, and joint torque data were computed and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Maximum jump height was significantly larger in the arm swing jumps compared to the no arm swing jumps and was due to both a higher height of the center of mass (CM) at takeoff (54%) and a larger vertical velocity of the CM at takeoff (46%). The net vertical impulse created during the propulsive phase of the arm swing jumps was greater due to a trend of an increased duration (0.021 s) of the propulsive phase and not to larger average values of Fz. In the arm swing jumps, the arm motion resulted in the arms making a larger maximal contribut...
Total blood mercury and rubella antibody concentrations in US children aged 6-11 years, NHANES 2003-2004.

Abstract Background Children are susceptible to mercury toxicity, and mercury has immunomodulatory effects. Lower folate and B-12, and higher homocysteine may represent susceptibility cofactors. A large proportion of variability in rubella immune response is attributable to environmental factors. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between total blood mercury (Hg) and nutritional and homocysteine status on rubella virus antibody concentrations. Design Cross-sectional data on rubella IgG antibody concentrations, Hg, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid (MMA, an indicator of B-12 deficiency), and folate were obtained from 2003–2004 NHANES for children aged 6–11 years with rubella seropositivity (n = 690). Linear regression was used to evaluate relationships between log-transformed rubella concentrations and Hg, stratified by sex, MMA ≥, folate Results Hg was significantly positively associated with rubella antibody concentrations (β = 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11, 0.38) in children with higher MMA, lower folate and higher homocysteine (n = 110), yet inversely associated among all other children (β = − 0.18; 95% CI = − 0.34, − 0.03) (n = 580). Among the former, estimates (β) were positive across all Hg quartiles relative to the lowest (Q1) (Hg P trend Conclusion Findings are consistent with previously reported associations between Hg and measles antibody concentrations, and highlight the importance of considering dynamics between toxicant exposures, pathogens and host susceptibility.
Stability of a reference panel of lyophilized hepatitis B antigens and antibodies.

A lyophilized hepatitis B working/reference panel has been prepared for use in standardization tests. This panel includes HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg/anti-HBe and subtype reagents. Quantitative analysis of the HBsAg reagents indicates that at a storage temperature of −20°C, only 1 log at mazimum of RIA counts per minute would be lost in 95 years. After storage at −20°C for 1 year, there has been no loss of reactivity in any of the tests used to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg/anti-HBe or subtypes.
An HVEM Investigation of In-Situ, Self-Ion Damage in Iron at 40 and 300 K*

Bombardments of iron (commercially pure) with self-ions having energies of 50 and 100 keV were performed in–situ in a High–Voltage Electron Microscope at temperatures of 40 and 300 K. The resulting damage microstructures were examined at the irradiation temperature in the HVEM using 200, 300, 500 and 1000 keV electrons (damage threshold in Fe is ∼330 keV). Dislocation loop densities were measured as functions of ion dose, ion energy, irradiation temperature, electron dose (500 keV), and step annealing to room temperature. Loop geometries, size distributions, and nature (interstitial or vacancy) were also determined.
Sectoral growth patterns at the metropolitan level: An evaluation of economic development incentives

Abstract Economic development incentives are much used and expensive, yet information on their effectiveness is scarce. This paper reports a regression analysis of employment growth in 37 disaggregated sectors across U.S. metropolitan areas in the time period 1977–1984. The results indicate that variation in taxes and subsidies are not related significantly to the location of either high-technology manufacturing or most services. Our results suggest, however, that enterprise zones and university research parks, which may be proxies for focused economic development programs, are associated with increased job growth. Nevertheless the strongest determinants of growth are localization and urbanization externalities, along with labor costs and skill factors. We hypothesize that localization economies operate through the reduction of information costs, especially those associated with firms' search behaviors for skilled labor forces.
Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Personality and behavioral measures

Abstract Impulsivity as a behavioral construct encompasses a wide range of what are often considered maladaptive behaviors. Impulsivity has been assessed using a variety of measures, including both self-report personality questionnaires and behavioral tasks, and each of these measures has been further subdivided into separate components which are thought to represent different underlying processes. However, few studies have employed both personality measures and behavioral tasks, and so the relations among these measures are not well understood. In one analysis we examined correlations between three widely used personality measures (i.e., BIS-11, I7, and MPQ) and four laboratory-task measures of impulsive behavior (behavioral inhibition (2), delay discounting, and risk taking) in 70 healthy adult volunteers. The correlations among the various self-report measures were high, but self-reports were not correlated with behavioral-task measures. In a second analysis we performed a principal-components analysis using data from the four behavioral tasks for 99 participants. Two components emerged, labeled “impulsive disinhibition” (Stop Task and Go/No-Go task) and “impulsive decision-making” (Delay-Discounting task and Balloon Analog Risk Task). Taken collectively, these analyses support other recent findings indicating that self-report and behavioral tasks probably measure different constructs, and suggest that even among the behavioral measures, different tasks measure different, perhaps unrelated, components of impulsive behavior.
Intramolecular thermal cyclotrimerization of an acyclic triyne: An uncatalyzed process

Abstract Flash vapor pyrolysis of 1,6,11-dodecatriyne at 500 to 600 °C and 0.01 torr affords 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexahydro- [as] -indacene and dehydro derivatives. An uncatalyzed and highly exothermic two-step cycloaromatization mechanism is suggested. This proceeds through initial formation of a 1,4-diradical.
Russian Nationalism and Issues of Cultural and Civilizational Identity

(2009). Russian Nationalism and Issues of Cultural and Civilizational Identity. Russian Social Science Review: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 4-16.
Photonic structures: Advanced thermal control, and effective gauge field for light

Novel mechanisms to control electromagnetic interaction, as evidenced by the recent developments of a wide variety of nanophotonic structures, have broad implications for both fundamental and applied research. In this talk, we will present two separate classes of examples of some of our recent works in seeking to create novel electromagnetic interactions, and to exploit these interactions for new applications. We will show that one can achieve an effective gauge field for photons, which leads to a rich set of new non-reciprocal physics effects, as well as a very promising avenue towards on-chip non-magnetic linear optical isolator. We will also discuss some of our recent works in using nanophotonic structures to control heat flow, which results in the possibility for overcoming the apparent blackbody radiation limit to the far field for a given emitter size, and daytime radiative cooling.
Magnesite Step Growth Rates as a Function of the Aqueous Magnesium:Carbonate Ratio

Step velocities of monolayer-height steps on the (1014) magnesite surface have been measured as functions of the aqueous magnesium:carbonate ratio and saturation index (SI) using a hydrothermal atomic force microscope. At SI ≤ 1.9 and 80–90 °C, step velocities were found to be invariant with changes in the magnesium:carbonate ratio, an observation in contrast with standard models for growth and dissolution of ionically bonded, multicomponent crystals. However, at high saturation indices (SI = 2.15), step velocities displayed a ratio dependence, maximized at magnesium:carbonate ratios slightly greater than 1:1. Traditional affinity-based models could not describe growth rates at the higher saturation index. Step velocities also could not be modeled solely through nucleation of kink sites, in contrast to other minerals whose bonding between constituent ions is also dominantly ionic in nature, such as calcite and barite. Instead, they could be described only by a model that incorporates both kink nucleation...
Selection of CO2 mitigation strategies for road transportation in the United States using a multi-criteria approach

Abstract Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of recent climate change. In the United States, the road transportation sector is one of the largest sources of these emissions. Any policies to reduce emissions must therefore include mitigation strategies for on-road transportation. The aim of this paper is to propose a multi-criteria method, Analytical Hierarchy Process, to rank various on-road emissions mitigation strategies including reduce, avoid, and replace strategies. The method׳s results are obtained based on a survey of transportation and climate science professionals. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was applied to two regional scenarios of a midsize-small city (Lubbock, Texas) and a metropolitan area (Dallas, Texas). To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator model was run for Dallas. The aim of the model was to estimate the potential carbon dioxide mitigation for a given strategy allocation. Our survey identified no difference between the rankings of reduce, avoid, and replace strategies for our metropolitan and midsize-small city areas. Reduce strategies had the highest preference score of 40% followed by avoid strategies with 36% and replace strategies with 24%. An optimum mixed mitigation scenario would achieve reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 17% by 2030 from 2010 levels. The contributions of this study are two-fold. First, we evaluate generic scenarios in detail and apply them to a real-world case study. Second, the approach is both simple and generalizable. Applications of this type of platform include ranking transportation strategies on mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, evaluating the strategies, prioritizing budgets, and developing assessments of mitigation potential.
Use of 2x Tuberosum haploid-wild species hybrids to improve yield and quality in 4x cultivated potato

The 4x × 2x(FDR) breeding method utilizes 2x (Tuberosum haploid × 2x relatives) potato hybrids which produce 2n pollen by an FDR mechanism. About 80 percent of 2x parental heterozygosity and most epistasis is transmitted intact to 4x progeny. Six 2x hybrids of Tuberosum haploid-Solanum tarijense (5) or S. berthaultii (1) were factorially mated as males to four cultivated 4x Tuberosum clones. Twenty-three 4x × 2x families were evaluated along with the four 4x parents and seven 4x × 4x (inter-Tuberosum) families in three environments for tuber yield, specific gravity, chip color, vine maturity, tuber uniformity and general tuber appearance. Compared with the 4x parents and 4x × 4x families, the 4x × 2x families had greater yield, higher specific gravity, better general tuber appearance, but darker chip color. The 4x × 2x families were not significantly different from 4x×4x families for vine maturity and they were not significantly different from 4x parents (clones) for tuber uniformity. Mean heterosis of 4x × 2x families over the 4x parent ranged from 5.2 to 127.1 percent. Combining abilities were estimated for 2x and 4x parents used in 4x × 2x crosses. Effects of males (2x GCA) were significant for chip color, general tuber appearance and vine maturity. Female effects (4x GCA) were significant for specific gravity, general tuber appearance and vine maturity. GCA variances exceeded SCA variances for all traits except yield and tuber uniformity. For these traits, the effect of 4x×2x(FDR) crosses overcame differences in male and female effects. Superior 2x parents were identified for light chip color (P100-6, P133-7, P100-1); good general tuber appearance (P94-1, P127-3); and early vine maturity (P100-6, P100-1, P133-7).
595 DETERMINANTS OF PERMISSION FOR NEONATAL AUTOPSY

A retrospective study of autopsy consent was undertaken to assess the autopsy rate for neonatal deaths and to identify demographic factors that were determinants of permission for autopsy. Of 127 neonatal deaths at the Brigham & Women's Hospital (1/82-9/83), 112 charts were available for review and 84 (75%) had autopsies. Factors which differed between the group which consented to autopsy and that which did not, were: Factors close to statistical significance included: maternal marital status, race, type of prenatal care, and the infant's age at death. Factors which were not correlated with permission were: maternal age, language, gravidarity, parity, occupation, transfer status, and infant gender. Thus, those at high risk for declining permission might include: parents of extremely premature infants or of infants with very brief nursery stays, and mothers who are clinic patients, unmarried, or Black. Reasons for failure to obtain autopsy permission may be related to demographic factors noted, the attitude of the physician towards the value of the autopsy in those situations, or both. *Mann Whitney test ** Chi square test
Subintimal recanalization of difficult iliac and femoral artery chronic total occlusions using a reentry device: a single-center experience

Purpose To present our experience with the technical outcome of the endovascular recanalization of occluded iliac and femoral arteries using Outback LTD reentry catheter when conventional tools and techniques fail to reenter the true arterial lumen. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed on 33 consecutive patients (25 men; mean age +/- SD, 75 years +/- 12) who underwent endovascular treatment for iliac and femoral arterial occlusions during a period of 67 months, from December 2006 to July 2012, at a single tertiary-care medical center. The Outback LTD reentry catheter was used to regain access into the true arterial lumen over a 0.014-in wire from the subintimal space following unsuccessful attempts with conventional guidewires. Immediate and late adverse effects (mean length of follow-up 12 months) were assessed. Results Procedure outcome was improved by achieving true lumen reentry in 79% (n = 26) of patients with iliac and femoral occlusions. Causes of failure included inability to re-enter the true lumen (n=5), acute angle of aortic bifurcation (n=1), and difficulty tracking the device through the lesion (n=1). Encountered acute procedure-related complications included acute thrombosis of the CFA and SFA (n=1), iliac artery perforation (n=2), and distal embolization (n=1). These complications were corrected immediately with endovascular techniques (n=3) or open surgical embolectomy (n=1), without any procedure-related late adverse effects. Conclusion This study shows that use of reentry catheters significantly improves the outcome of endovascular treatments in patients who otherwise would have required surgical intervention with its associated higher morbidity, cost, and hospital stay with no long term adverse effects. The incidence of iliac complications is concerning, however the majority of complications could be managed with endovascular techniques. In conclusion, the Outback LTD reentry catheter is an effective endovascular tool, the use of which enhances the likelihood of successful subintimal recanalization of chronic occlusions in iliac and femoral arteries.
Determination of Effective Oil Temperature in a Transformer

It has shown in this paper that: 1. The effective oil temperature and the thermal time constant of each winding, as well as the winding temperature at instant of shutdown, can be determined from the resistance-time data taken immediately after the shutdown of a heat run on a transformer. 2. The average oil temperature as determined in accordance with the Test Code checks, within limits of test accuracy, the effective oil temperature determined by the resistance-time data methods described in this paper. 3. The effective oil temperature for each individual winding may not necessarily be the same value. This indicates that such factors as size of ventilation ducts, relative position of the windings to each other and to the core, and the division of loss in the transformner, may affect the temperature of the oil which effectively cools each individual winding.
Observation of high gain in Ne-like Ag lasers.

We report the observation of high-gain lasing in laser-heated exploding-foil Ag targets at pump irradiances \ensuremath{\ge}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The measured gain coefficients on the dominant Ne-like J=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1 transitions are determined to be 9.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for (2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$)3${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$)3s at 9.9365 nm and 6.${4}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1.5}^{+2.0}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for (2${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$)3${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(2${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$)3s at 10.0377 nm. These are the highest gain coefficients yet observed to our knowledge for any short-wavelength laser. Gain is observed on three other Ne-like lines including a J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1 transition at 8.1563 nm, the shortest wavelength yet observed to our knowledge for a Ne-like x-ray laser.
THE MENTAL HEALTH TEAM AS A DIFFERENTIAL DECISION- MAKER FOR CHILD PATIENTS: A NATIONAL SURVEY

The attitudes of a national sample of 774 clinical psychologists, 791 psychiatric social workers, and 581 psychiatrists were sampled in a closed-ended survey research format to determine: (a) the relative degree of communality there is among members of the mental health team in the dispositional judgments they render; and (b) whether differential criteria are employed for placing a child patient in individual, group, or conjoint family therapy, or terminating from each of these modalities. 1200 Ss were sampled; rates were 41.0% and 39.3% respectively. Members of the mental health team strongly agree about the differential relevance of specific criteria for each decision-making condition. Variations in interdisciplinary frames of reference of respondents tended not to influence placement in or termination from the treatment modalities in question.
Evaluating competence using a portfolio: a literature review and web-based application to the ACGME competencies.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education is shifting its focus from a structure and process system of graduate medical education to one that is outcomes based, requiring all residents in training to achieve competence in six broad domains and presenting educators with the challenge of evaluation. Summary: We searched the literature and reviewed all articles relating to portfolio assessment in medicine. In addition, we reviewed articles that addressed standard tools currently in use for resident performance assessment. The use of a portfolio allows one to incorporate a variety of assessment tools needed to evaluate the diverse domains of competence and also fosters reflective learning, which is key to professional development. From lessons learned through this review, we developed a Web-based evaluation portfolio for residency training that we describe here in the hope of facilitating this process for others. Conclusions: Web-based portfolio assessment provides an ideal venue fo...
Use of osmate(VI) ester trans-N,N,N′ ,N′-tetramethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine complexes for determination of glycol stereochemistry

Abstract Osmate(VI) esters chelated with optically active trans -N,N,N′ ,N′-tetramethyl-l,2-cyclohexanediamine are useful derivatives for enantiomeric identification of sub-milligram quantities of glycols by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Effect of Continuous Glucose Therapy (CGT) Begun in Infancy on the Long-Term Clinical Course of Patients with Type I Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD-I)† 502

We evaluated the effects of current therapy on the 24-h biochemical profile, the occurrence of significant hypoglycemia, and the long-term effects of CGT on physical growth and development, and the complications of GSD-1 in 17 patients (11 male), median age 14.2 (5.3 - 21.4) y.
Effects of exercise on the adenosinetriphosphatase activity in skeletal and heart muscle of rats.

Fifty-eight male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain with an average beginning weight of 340 grams were exercised for 5 weeks on a training program consisting of one-half hour daily swim in water at 37 °C. Pair-fed, non swimming animals served as controls. ATPase activities were determined on the heart ventricles and gastrocnemii. The results were expressed in terms of unit, actual total and relative total activities. The exercise significantly altered the enzymatic activities of the heart ventricles (P<o.01) while no significant enzymatic changes occurred in the skeletal muscle.
Magnetic form factor of Eu2+ in EuO

Abstract Polarized neutron measurements of the magnetic form factor of Eu 2+ in EuO were made, to check for possible solid state effects on the radial extent of the 4f wavefunctions in this ferromagnetic insulator. Previous studies show good agreement between the magnetic form factors observed for the heavy rare earth metals and those calculated for the free ions using relativistic Dirac-Fock wavefunctions. However, the same comparison in this case shows an approximate 9% expansion of the 4f wavefunctions in EuO relative to that calculated for the Eu 2+ ion. This apparent solid state effect has the same sign but twice the magnitude of that recently calculated by Byrom, Ellis and Freeman for (EuO 6 ) −12 clusters.
Induction of Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in a Mouse Neuroblastoma

TISSUE culture lines of mouse neuroblastoma C1300 contain acetylcholine esterase1, the specific activity of which depends on the conditions of growth, for the inhibition of cell division leads to an increase in esterase activity2,3. Although this suggests that the cessation of division is directly responsible for increased enzyme synthesis, it may also be that the increase of specific activity is the result of (1) neurite formation by differentiating neuroblast cells or (2) events accompanying ageing and cell death. This article describes experiments designed to distinguish between these hypotheses and to examine the regulation of esterases in other tissue culture lines.
A comparison of two pulmonary artery mixed venous oxygen saturation catheters during the changing conditions of cardiac surgery

Continuous mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), using modified pulmonary artery (PA) catheters, can assist in the management of cardiac surgery patients. Two FDA-approved catheters are available for SvO2 monitoring. One system uses two wavelengths of light and the other is a three-wavelength system. The present study was designed to determine the accuracy of the two catheters during cardiac surgery. Sixty-five consecutive patients were assigned to one of the two catheter groups. Data were collected pre- and post-induction, after sternotomy, and after extracorporeal circulation. An updated hematocrit was entered in the two-wavelength system preceding the last two measurements. Patient demographics, severity of preoperative cardiac disease, and intraoperative hemodynamics were comparable between groups. Two-wavelength determinations varied inconsistently from cooximeter values, while three-wavelength measurements did not differ significantly. Changes in hematocrit were responsible in part for the variability in two-wavelength measurements. In summary, three-wavelength measurements by the Shaw system were more accurate than two-wavelength measurements by the Edwards system.
Autonomous navigation of mobile robots for real-world applications

We believe that the field of autonomous mobile robots is reaching a sufficient level of maturity that robust fieldable systems are technically possible. Such systems will draw upon both the ideas of deliberative planning and situated reaction (or situated skills). Situated skills will provide the system with the local competence required to handle the world's immediate uncertainties and carry out simple tasks. Deliberative planning, on the other hand, will serve to orchestrate the activation of situated skills in order to lead the system towards globally defined objectives. This paper outlines the mobile robot navigation problem and describes what is meant both by situated skills and deliberative planning. Finally, an outline of MITRE's current effort in developing a software architecture for autonomous mobile robots is presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Magnetic properties of the R1+eFe4B4 compounds (R = rare earth) from magnetization and Mössbauer measurements

Abstract The magnetic properties of rare earth-iron-boron alloys with composition R1+eFe4B4 have been determined using Mossbauer and magnetization measurements. Magnetic ordering occurs at temperatures between 4.2 and 25 K for the compounds with R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho. The Curie temperature scales very well with the de Gennes factor for the heavy rare earth members of the series, while significant deviations are observed for the light rare earths indicating the presence of strong CEF effects. The absence of magnetic hyperfine splitting even at 4.2 K indicates that the Fe ion has a zero magnetic moment. This is confirmed by Mossbauer spectra in an applied magnetic field.
Bayesian analysis of diastolic blood pressure measurement.

A mathematical model is presented for measurements that include substantial fluctuation and error. Under the assumptions that the fluctuation-error variance is the same for all subjects, and that the distributions of fluctuation-error variance within subjects and "true" values of the measurements in the population are normal, Bayes' theorem produces a simple estimate of the "true" value of a measurement, and a standard error, conditional on a single observation. The model is easily extended to several observations. Methods for estimating the parameters of the model from a data set are presented, and applied to diastolic blood pressures of patients in the authors' primary care clinic. The test-retest reliability of a single blood pressure measurement for this population is 0.41. Because continuous measurements are often dichotomized into "normal" and "abnormal" ranges by a threshold criterion, the authors present formulas for the positive predictive value when a decision rule based on a given number of obs...
Histone Acetylation Regulates the Cell-Specific and Interferon-γ–Inducible Expression of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase in Human Pulmonary Arteries

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major antioxidant enzyme present in the vascular wall, and is responsible for both the protection of vessels from oxidative stress and for the modulation of vascular tone. Concentrations of EC-SOD in human pulmonary arteries are very high relative to other tissues, and the expression of EC-SOD appears highly restricted to smooth muscle. The molecular basis for this smooth muscle–specific expression of EC-SOD is not known. Here we assessed the role of epigenetic factors in regulating the cell-specific and IFN-γ–inducible expression of EC-SOD in human pulmonary artery cells. The analysis of CpG site methylation within the promoter and coding regions of the EC-SOD gene demonstrated higher levels of DNA methylation within the distal promoter region in endothelial cells compared with smooth muscle cells. Exposure of both cell types to DNA demethylation agents reactivated the transcription of EC-SOD in endothelial cells alone. However, exposure to the histone d...
An MVS tuning approach

Experience contributes important knowledge in many procedures. From the experience gained in tuning the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system, a set of guidelines to help MVS installations avoid performance problems are suggested, along with an approach to tuning an MVS system. The guidelines can help a performance analyst isolate the cause of a performance problem. Not all possible problems that might be encountered are included. It is found that most MVS performance problems are a result of poor workload management and are often related to I/O activities.
Conformational studies of cyanomethylcyclopropane from temperature-dependent FT-IR spectra of xenon solutions and ab initio calculations

Abstract Variable temperature (−55 to −100°C) studies of the infrared spectra (3500 to 400 cm−1) of cyanomethylcyclopropane, c-C3H5CH2CN, dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. Utilizing the conformer bands 791 cm−1 (gauche), 802 cm−1 (cis), 823 cm−1 (gauche), and 849 cm−1 (cis), an enthalpy difference of 54±4 cm−1 (0.65±0.05 kJ mol−1) was obtained with the more stable gauche form conformer. The gauche conformer also remains in the infrared and Raman spectra of the solid. At ambient temperature there is approximately 28% of the cis conformer present. The optimized geometries, conformational stabilities, harmonic force fields, infrared intensities, Raman activities, depolarization ratios, and vibrational frequencies are reported for both conformers from ab initio calculations. These calculations were carried out at the restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) level and/or with electron correlation to second order (MP2), utilizing the basis sets 3-21G, 6-31G(d), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311+G(2d,2p), with the latter having 225 basis functions. From the RHF calculations the gauche form was predicted to be the more stable form by 275 cm−1 (3.29 kJ mol−1) to 207 cm−1 (2.48 kJ mol−1), but from MP2 calculations the cis form is predicted to be the more stable rotamer from 178 cm−1 (2.13 kJ mol−1) to 102 cm−1 (1.22 kJ mol−1). At the highest level of calculation, MP2/6-311+G(2d,2p), the cis conformer is predicted to be more stable by 134 cm−1 (1.60 kJ mol−1), which disagrees with the experimental results. The coefficients from the potential function governing the conformational interchange have been obtained from the far infrared data and the results are compared with the ab initio predicted values. The other calculated quantities are compared with the experimentally determined values where applicable, as well as with some corresponding results for some similar molecules.
Microcomputer playfulness: stable or dynamic trait?

Previous playfulness research has investigated playfulness as both state and trait phenomena. For example, Webster et al. (1993) examined flow, the state of playfulness in a specific human-computer interaction, while Martocchio and Webster (1992) used a trait-based approach, considering playfulness a characteristic of individuals. This research extends the investigation of playfulness as an individual trait by using a longitudinal study to examine its temporal and situational stability.The Computer Playfulness Scale (Webster & Martocchio, 1992) was administered four times over the course of a five-week summer session to students enrolled in a computer-literacy course, once at the beginning of the class and then following completion of three milestones in the course work. The playfulness instrument was assessed for internal consistency, unidimensionality, and temporal and situational stability. The evidence indicates that the measurement is reliable. The primary question of trait stability (stable versus dynamic) was examined in several ways, supporting the conclusion that playfulness is a stable trait. The implications of these findings and suggested further research are discussed.
Climate Change “Hoax”: Comment on “Climate Science in a Postmodern World”

[1] In his Forum, Kenneth Verosub (Eos, 91(33), 291, doi:10.1029/2010EO330003, 2010) tries to explain the climate denial phenomenon as due to postmodernist misinterpretation of scientific results. Unfortunately, I fear that this is only a minor cause and that the true explanation is much more insidious, with serious ramifications for all scientists, not just climatologists. As documented in several recent publications [e.g., Mayer, 2010], climate scientists are currently bearing the brunt of a deliberate, antiscience, misinformation campaign that is financed by certain fossil fuel companies and propagated by certain conservative radio programs, television organizations, and think tanks. Verosub wonders why no one has offered an explanation for why scientists worldwide are engaged in this supposed hoax. But explanations are frequently offered on conservative talk shows. For example, I found myself listening to The War Room With Quinn and Rose last fall while driving in the Pittsburgh, Pa., area and was appalled by the scenario painted in the show by cohost Jim Quinn. Apparently, all academics are socialists. Further, the Earth is not warming—it has been getting cooler since 1999. Quinn continued with this gem: Climate warming is an international conspiracy, funded by billionaire George Soros, perpetrated by scientists everywhere, and intended to delude governments into spending vast sums of money to counter a non-existent threat until the governments become bankrupt. Then in the ensuing chaos, socialists can take over and form a world socialist government.