cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-speed dual-spectra infrared imaging

A new method of achieving controlled high-speed infrared imaging is presented, which has made it possible to overcome some of the limitations in current imaging technology, particularly in disposal of high-rate data flow synchronized with the event or object being investigated. This technique is employed to simultaneously capture two geometrically identical images in respective spectral bands for quantitative spectrometric data reduction. The system features 12-bit data processing capability from two pieces of 64 x 128 PtSi monolithic CCD FPA operated in a noninterlaced mode at pixel clock rates of up to 10 MHz by using new electronic units developed in our laboratory. The system consists of an electronic shutter unit, a programmable external trigger controller, a DRAM memory buffer per channel, a single-channel image processor, and a PC-AT loaded with our software package. Its independently adjustable framing rate and exposure period permit up to 1800 frames/s and as short as 20 μs, respectively.
Absolute gf-values for CrI and CrII☆

Abstract Absolute gf -values for 38 lines of CrI and 13 CrII have been measured with a shock tube as a source of radiation. The results are in agreement with other shock tube investigations, but show serious disagreement with the results of Corliss and Bozman. The magnitude of this disagreement appears to be wavelength dependent.
Contribution of “diazepam-insensitive” GABAA receptors to the alcohol antagonist properties of Ro 15–4513 and related imidazobenzodiazepines

Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Ro 15-4513 can antagonize many of the pharmacologic actions of ethanol. In contrast to many benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) ligands, Ro 15-4513 binds with high affinity to a novel GABAA receptor subtype, referred to as "diazepam-insensitive" (DI). This study examined the contribution of DI GABAA receptors to the modulation of ethanol-induced sleep time by Ro 15-4513 and related imidazobenzodiazepines [e.g., Ro 19-4603, Ro 16-6028, and ZG-63 (t-butyl-8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-imidazo[1,5,a] [1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate)] that possess high affinities for this GABAA receptor subtype. Ro 15-4513 (0.6-5 mg/kg) significantly reduced ethanol (3.5 g/kg, i.p.) sleep time in mice (p < 0.001, analysis of variance). This effect was not blocked by BzR antagonists ZK 93426 (5 mg/kg) and Ro 14-7437 (5 mg/kg), which possess low affinities for DI but bind with high affinities to other "diazepam-sensitive" (DS) GABAA receptor isoforms. Although Ro 19-4603 (2.5 mg/kg) also reduced ethanol sleep time (p < 0.01), this effect was attenuated by coadministration of ZK 93426 (2.5 mg/kg). Ro 16-6028 (2.5 mg/kg) prolonged (p < 0.01) ethanol sleep time. However, in the presence of either Ro 19-7437 (5 mg/kg) or ZK 93426 (2.5 mg/kg) ethanol-induced sleep time was reduced to values approaching those obtained with ethanol in the presence of Ro 15-4513. A low dose (2.5 mg/kg) of ZG-63 did not significantly affect alcohol sleep time. However, in the presence of ZK 93426, ZG-63 increased sleep time (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CarSpeak: a content-centric network for autonomous driving

This paper introduces CarSpeak, a communication system for autonomous driving. CarSpeak enables a car to query and access sensory information captured by other cars in a manner similar to how it accesses information from its local sensors. CarSpeak adopts a content-centric approach where information objects -- i.e., regions along the road -- are first class citizens. It names and accesses road regions using a multi-resolution system, which allows it to scale the amount of transmitted data with the available bandwidth. CarSpeak also changes the MAC protocol so that, instead of having nodes contend for the medium, contention is between road regions, and the medium share assigned to any region depends on the number of cars interested in that region.CarSpeak is implemented in a state-of-the-art autonomous driving system and tested on indoor and outdoor hardware testbeds including an autonomous golf car and 10 iRobot Create robots. In comparison with a baseline that directly uses 802.11, CarSpeak reduces the time for navigating around obstacles by 2.4x, and reduces the probability of a collision due to limited visibility by 14x.
On locating new facilities in a competitive environment

Abstract The following problem is studied. Suppose we have a graph G(V, E) with vertex weights w ( ν ), νeV and edge lengths l ( e ), eeE . Suppose there already exist p facilities located at the points X p = { x 1 , x 2 , …, x p } on G . We wish to locate r new facilities at points Y r = { y 1 , y 2 , …, y r } on G which are to compete with the existing facilities. In particular, we wish to find Y r such that the sum of the weights of the verticles in V ( Y r ) is maximized, where V ( Y r ) = { νeV | d ( ν , Y r ) d ( ν , X p )}, d ( ν , Z ) = min { d ( ν , z )| zeZ }, and d ( ν , z ) is the length of a shortest path in G from v to z . Variations and applications of the above problem are also considered. Two problems arising from such considerations are shown to be NP-hard.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria due to a mutation in GATA1: the first trans-acting mutation causative for a human porphyria

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), an autosomal recessive disorder, is due to mutations of uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS). Deficiency of UROS results in excess uroporphyrin I, which causes photosensitization. We evaluated a 3-year-old boy with CEP. A hypochromic, microcytic anemia was present from birth, and platelet counts averaged 70 × 109/L (70 000/μL). Erythrocyte UROS activity was 21% of controls. Red cell morphology and globin chain labeling studies were compatible with β-thalassemia. Hb electrophoresis revealed 36.3% A, 2.4% A2, 59.5% F, and 1.8% of an unidentified peak. No UROS or α- and β-globin mutations were found in the child or the parents. The molecular basis of the phenotype proved to be a mutation of GATA1, an X-linked transcription factor common to globin genes and heme biosynthetic enzymes in erythrocytes. A mutation at codon 216 in the child and on one allele of his mother changed arginine to tryptophan (R216W). This is the first report of a human porphyria due to a mutation in a trans-acting factor and the first association of CEP with thalassemia and thrombocytopenia. The Hb F level of 59.5% suggests a role for GATA-1 in globin switching. A bone marrow allograft corrected both the porphyria and the thalassemia.
Weinberg-type sum rules at zero and finite temperature.

We consider sum rules of the Weinberg type at zero and nonzero temperatures. On the basis of the operator product expansion at zero temperature we obtain a new sum rule which involves the average of a four-quark operator on one side and experimentally measured spectral densities on the other. We further generalize the sum rules to finite temperature. These involve transverse and longitudinal spectral densities at each value of the momentum. Various scenarios for the relation between chiral symmetry restoration and these finite temperature sum rules are discussed.
Linear algebra on high performance computers

This is a survey of some work recently done at Argonne National Laboratory in an attempt to discover ways to construct numerical software for high performance computers. The numerical algorithms discussed are taken from several areas of numerical linear algebra. We discuss certain architectural features of advanced computer architectures that will affect the design of algorithms. The technique of restructuring algorithms in terms of certain modules is reviewed. This technique has proved very successful in obtaining a high level of transportability without severe loss of performance on a wide variety of both vector and parallel computers. The module technique is demonstrably effective for dense linear algebra problems. However, in the case of sparse and structured problems it may be difficult to identify general modules that will be as effective. New algorithms have been devised for certain problems in this category. We present examples in three important areas: banded systems, sparse QR - factorization, and symmetric eigenvalue problems.
Notable features in the molecular structure of W2(OCH2-t-Bu)6(NCNMe2)3: Three different modes of bonding for NCNMe2(2-) ligands

Abstract Hydrocarbon solutions of W 2 (OCH 2 - t -Bu) 6 (HNMe 2 ) 2 (MM) and Me 2 NCN (⩾3 equiv) react at 0°C to give a compound of formula W 2 (OCH 2 -Bu- t ) 6 (NCNMe 2 ) 3 . The crystal and molecular struture of the latter compound, deduced from an X-ray study, reveals the loss of the WW triple bond (WW = 3.85 A) and the formal reduction of each Me 2 NCN molecule to a 2- ligand for which three different modes of bonding are seen.
On laziness and optimality in lambda interpreters: tools for specification and analysis

In this paper, I introduce a new formal system, ACCL, based on Curien's Categorical Combinators [Cur86a]. I show that ACCL has properties not possessed by Curien's original combinators that make it particularly appropriate as the basis for implementation and analysis of a wide range of reduction schemes using shared environments, closures, or l-terms. As an example of the practical utility of this formalism, I use it to specify a simple lazy interpreter for the l-calculus, whose correctness follows trivially from the properties of ACCL.I then describe a labeled variant of ACCL, ACCLL, which can be used as a tool to determine the degree of “laziness” possessed by various l-reduction schemes. In particular, ACCLL is applied to the problem of optimal reduction in the l-calculus. A reduction scheme for the l-calculus is optimal if the number of redex contractions that must be performed in the course of reducing any l-term to a normal form (if one exists) is guaranteed to be minimal. Results of Levy [Lev78,Lev80] showed that for a natural class of reduction strategies allowing shared redexes, optimal reductions were, at least in principle, possible. He conjectured that an optimal reduction strategy might be realized in practice using shared closures and environments as well as shared l-terms. I show, however, using ACCLL, a practical optimal reduction scheme for arbitrary l-terms using only shared environments, closures, or terms is unlikely to exist.
Local formation of immune deposits in rabbit renal proximal tubules

Local formation of immune deposits in rabbit renal proximal tubules. Rabbits passively immunized with goat antibodies to rabbit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mainly expressed on the apical membranes of the cells of proximal tubules, developed mild and transient immune deposits in this segment of the nephron. Granular deposits of goat IgG, rabbit ACE and C3 were found in the basolateral compartment and were maximal during the first week of immunization when the highest titers of anti-ACE antibodies were present. As the antibody titer fell to an undetectable level, the immune deposits were rapidly cleared and were virtually absent 21 days after the injections. Artificial increase of glomerular permeability allowed focal binding of ACE antibodies to the brush border of some tubules, but did not significantly alter the pattern of immune injury at the base of tubular cells. The data are consistent with the interpretation that the immune deposits result from in situ formation of immune complexes. This mechanism would involve passage of circulating antibodies across the tubular basement membrane and their combination with ACE associated with tubular cell surface membranes.
Characteristics of aeroelastic instabilities in turbomachinery - NASA full scale engine test results

Several aeromechanical programs were conducted in the NASA/USAF Joint Engine System Research Programs. The scope of these programs, the instrumentation, data acquisition and reduction, and the test results are discussed. Data pertinent to four different instabilities were acquired; two types of stall flutter, choke flutter and a system mode instability. The data indicates that each instability has its own unique characteristics. These characteristics are described.
The modes of chromatic interactions in the retina

Abstract The multi-input Wiener analysis technique has been used to evaluate the modes of chromatic interactions in the turtle retina using intracellular recording and staining. Receptor, horizontal and bipolar cells displayed linear chromatic interactions. More proximal neurons have predominantly nonlinear responses and displayed nonlinear chromatic interactions. These observations make it clear that there are chromatic interactions at the inner plexiform layer of the retina in addition to those of the outer plexiform layer and that modes of chromatic interaction at the two synaptic layers are significantly different.
Mastery learning: A case study and implications for instruction

Abstract Mastery learning is usually associated with non‐traditional instruction methods. One such method, the audio‐tutorial system, has been applied to an introductory human geography course at Indiana University, Bloomington. Mastery learning procedures (self‐pacing, explicitly stated objectives, diagnostic progress tests) which are used In the course are described. The mastery learning philosophy and associated procedures can also be used in more ‘traditional’ instructional settings; some possibilities are considered.
A plastic adhesive for nonsuture sealing of extraction wounds in heparinized dogs.

Abstract A fitted acrylic plug was cemented with methyl-2-cyanoacrylate into the dental alveoli of heparinized and nonheparinized dogs. This procedure was effective in achieving long-term hemostasis in the heparinized animals. The plugs remained in the alveoli for an adequate length of time, and no hemorrhage resulted from their eventual exfoliation. Histologic sections in the nonheparinized animals showed that alveolar healing under the plug progressed at a rate to that seen on the control side. Alveolar healing was slower in the heparinized animals than in the controls.
Occurrence of Diopside and Cr-Zr-Armalcolite on the Moon

Petrographic and electron-microprobe examination of the sample of 1 to 2 mm fines, Apollo 14166,6, has revealed a fragment with the unique lunar mineralogy of plagioclase, olivine, diopside, a Ti-Fe-Zr phase, and a trace of ilminite. The second occurrence of diopside is reported together with the third occurrence of a recently identified Ti-Fe-Zr phase. Microprobe analyses of the principal phases of the fragment studied are presented in a table. The relatively pure diopside analyses reported represent the most Mg-rich calcic pyroxene found in lunar material.
INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF TOMATO SERUM AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND METHODS OF PROCESSING CONCENTRATES

Magnitudes of intrinsic viscosity of tomato serum determined from the slopes of three equations were not identical, but they showed common trends. Intrinsic viscosities of serums from concentrates obtained by evaporation of juice were lower than those obtained by evaporation of serum and reverse osmosis concentration of serum. Their magnitudes also were lower for serums from diluted and sheared concentrates.
Semi-parametric models of long- and short-term survival: an application to the analysis of breast cancer survival in Utah by age and stage.

A flexible class of semi-parametric survival models is proposed that takes account of long- and short-term covariate effects in cancer survival. The diversity of responses described by the models include non-proportional and crossing survival curves as well as a fraction of long-term survivors. Restricted non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation procedures (RNPMLE) are developed to provide point estimates, confidence intervals and tests for the models. Numerical algorithms to fit semi-parametric survival models are emphasized. The methods are applied to analyse post-treatment survival of breast cancer patients diagnosed in Utah by age and stage.
Approximate matching of regular expressions

Given a sequence A and regular expression R, the approximate regular expression matching problem is to find a sequence matching R whose optimal alignment with A is the highest scoring of all such sequences. This paper develops an algorithm to solve the problem in time O(MN), where M and N are the lengths of A and R. Thus, the time requirement is asymptotically no worse than for the simpler problem of aligning two fixed sequences. Our method is superior to an earlier algorithm by Wagner and Seiferas in several ways. First, it treats real-valued costs, in addition to integer costs, with no loss of asymptotic efficiency. Second, it requires only O(N) space to deliver just the score of the best alignment. Finally, its structure permits implementation techniques that make it extremely fast in practice. We extend the method to accommodate gap penalties, as required for typical applications in molecular biology, and further refine it to search for sub-strings of A that strongly align with a sequence in R, as required for typical data base searches. We also show how to deliver an optimal alignment between A and R in only O(N + log M) space using O(MN log M) time. Finally, an O(MN(M + N) + N2log N) time algorithm is presented for alignment scoring schemes where the cost of a gap is an arbitrary increasing function of its length.
Trends in Retirement Age in the United States, 1955–1993, by Sex and Race

To meet the need for a labor-force-based time series on the average age at retirement differentiated by sex and race, net labor force withdrawal rates (NWR) are calculated on a cohort basis for periods of time. The NWR are used to calculate the medium age of exit from the labor force. From the late 1950s through the late 1980s, declines of about 3-4 years occurred among Black and White women and men. These results are very similar to those obtained from Social Security data. The decline slowed during the 1970s and leveled off during the 1980s and early 1990s. The findings are a valuable addition to the meager knowledge available now about the retirement behavior of women and Blacks. The labor force and the Social Security time series of the average age of retirement are useful, especially in combination, to private and public planners and policymakers.
Effect of the ABO blood group on the proliferative and clonogenic capacity of umbilical cord stem cells

Possible effects of the ABO blood group on the proliferative and self-renewal capacity of umbilical cord CD34+ cells were evaluated. A, B and O (all Rh D+) CD34+ cells isolated from three placental blood samples were cultured in four platforms with hematopoietic growth factors on a 3-dimensional biocompatible matrix. Results from this study suggest that proliferation of CD34+ cells with the O phenotype may be greater than that of cells with the A or B phenotypes. Further ex vivo studies are required to confirm this finding and to determine the effect of the number and type of other genetically determined cell surface antigens on the capacity of hematopoietic stem cells to respond to cytokines. In addition, clinical studies aimed at determining if the CD34+ donor blood group affects the time to functional hematological reconstitution are recommended.
Category-theoretic structure and radical ontic structural realism

Radical ontic structural realism (ROSR) claims that structure exists independently of objects that may instantiate it. Critics of ROSR contend that this claim is conceptually incoherent, insofar as, (i) it entails there can be relations without relata, and (ii) there is a conceptual dependence between relations and relata. In this essay I suggest that (ii) is motivated by a set-theoretic formulation of structure, and that adopting a category-theoretic formulation may provide ROSR with more support. In particular, I consider how a category-theoretic formulation of structure can be developed that denies (ii), and can be made to do work in the context of formulating theories in physics.
GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE OF THE HEART IN A NEWBORN INFANT.

Summary An infant with generalized glycogenosis is described in whom there was clinical, radiologic, and electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac involvement in the immediate postnatal period.
The Role of Histone Acetylation in the Allelic Expression of the Imprinted Human Insulin-like Growth Factor II Gene

Reversible histone acetylation plays a central role in X chromosome inactivation. Histones are hypoacetylated on the heavily methylated inactive X chromosome and are hyperacetylated in the unmethylated "CpG islands" in animal genomes. We have investigated whether histone acetylation is involved in the regulation of the allelic expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), a maternally imprinted gene. HSK09, a human fibroblast cell line, retained normal monoallelic expression of IGF2 in culture. When these cells were treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors, sodium butyrate or trichostatin A, biallelic expression of IGF2 was observed from all of the promoters that are expressed. These results suggest that, in addition to DNA methylation, differential histone acetylation of two parental alleles may be another potential mechanism by which the imprinting of IGF2 is regulated, probably through changes in the local chromatin structure of the imprinted locus on chromosome 11p15.
Scaling violations in the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model

Abstract We study violations of finite-size scaling in the 2d square lattice quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. For small volumes and all spins S we find violations at moderate x ≡ ξ(L)/L that resemble the violations in the classical N-vector model for large N. We also see violations in the large x regime that rapidly diminish with increasing S, thus enabling extreme scaling.
Therapeutic potential of gel-based injectables for vocal fold regeneration

Vocal folds are anatomically and biomechanically unique, thus complicating the design and implementation of tissue engineering strategies for repair and regeneration. Integration of an enhanced understanding of tissue biomechanics, wound healing dynamics and innovative gel-based therapeutics has generated enthusiasm for the notion that an efficacious treatment for vocal fold scarring could be clinically attainable within several years. Fibroblast phenotype and gene expression are mediated by the three-dimensional mechanical and chemical microenvironment at an injury site. Thus, therapeutic approaches need to coordinate spatial and temporal aspects of the wound healing response in an injured vocal tissue to achieve an optimal clinical outcome. Successful gel-based injectables for vocal fold scarring will require a keen understanding of how the native inflammatory response sets into motion the later extracellular matrix remodeling, which in turn will determine the ultimate biomechanical properties of the tissue. We present an overview of the challenges associated with this translation as well as the proposed gel-based injectable solutions.
Characterization of charge transport via in situ potentiometry in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic materials

The most promising active material for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is the polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) system, but charge transport and recombination mechanisms in these materials have yet to be completely understood. We report the use of lateral bulk heterojunction devices to perform novel material diagnostics on the BHJ system. Using electron beam lithography, we fabricate devices with up to 24 voltage probes embedded in the channel in order to perform in situ potentiometry. From current vs. voltage measurements performed at a variety of light intensities, we are able to describe the charge transport properties in three distinct regions of a polymer/fullerene BHJ device and determine the dominant recombination mechanism of the OPV material. We note that these are the first such measurements performed on OPV materials. Such measurements will be very useful for materials diagnostics.
A calculation of the elastic constant K11 for a nematic liquid crystal

Abstract A linear chain of long bars interacting via a hard core potential is considered. Small deviations in the angles the bars make with the normal to line of centers are allowed in order to calculate the Frank elastic constant K11.
Gender imbalance in living donor renal transplantation.

Background. Previous studies have shown more women than men among living donors (LD) and more men among recipients of those kidneys. In this study, we compared the evolving demographics of LD transplants. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed all LD transplants performed in our center between 1964 and 2000. Results. Among 1182 LD cases, 1035 (88%) were biologically related (LRD) and 147 (12%) were unrelated (LURD). LURD donors and recipients were significantly older than LRD donors and recipients, respectively (P=0.0001). More LURD allograft recipients were male (71%) compared with LRD recipients (57%) (P=0.0013). The proportion of female donors was 55% in both groups. Spousal donations were predominantly wife-to-husband (69%). Compared with the LRD group, there was a greater proportion of female-to-male LURD transplants (46 vs. 30%) and a smaller proportion of female-to-female LURD transplants (10 vs. 25%) (P=0.0001). When spousal pairs were excluded from the analysis, there was a higher proportion of male-to-male (48 vs. 27%) donations and a lower proportion of male-to-female (18 vs. 9%) and female-to-female (25 vs. 17%) transplants in the LURD group (P=0.001). ). Conclusions. Gender disparities in LD transplantation are primarily due to a higher proportion of wife-to-husband donations and a lower incidence of male-to-female grafts among nonspousal LURD transplants. Strategies should be devised to ensure access for women to renal transplantation and to encourage and facilitate donation by men.
Multi-viewpoint image fusion for urban sensing applications

Significant multipath propagation and presence of heavy clutter in indoor environments imposes severe limitations on through-the-wall radar imaging. It is highly desirable to properly interpret the radar images and determine the contents of the indoor scene with a high level of confidence. Data collected from multiple viewpoints around a structure can be used to improve imaging visibility into the indoor scene, which, in turn, enhances indoor target detection and localization for urban sensing applications. In this paper, we consider multi-viewpoint radar imaging and present image registration and fusion techniques for combining synthetic aperture radar images acquired from multiple locations along one or more sides of an enclosed structure. Supporting results, based on real-data collected behind concrete walls in a semi-controlled laboratory environment, are provided for demonstrating the improved performance of the multiple viewpoint scheme compared to operation from a single location.
Quantum measurement and algebraic quantum field theories

It is shown that the physics and semantics of quantum measurement provide a natural interpretation of the weak neighborhoods of the states on observable algebras without invoking any idea of “a reading error” or “a measured range.” Then the state preparation process in quantum measurement theory is shown to give the normal (or locally normal) states on the observable algebra. Some remarks are made concerning the physical implications of normal states for systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom, including questions on open and closed algebraic theories.
Distribution of cholecystokinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and galanin in the primary gustatory nuclei of the goldfish.

Cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and galanin all are known to have central effects on food intake. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the presence of these substances within the primary gustatory nuclei of the goldfish, including the vagal lobe, which is a large, laminated structure composed of discrete sensory, fiber, and motor layers. The vagal lobes receive primary afferent input from the gustatory portion of the vagus nerve and contain reflex circuitry involved in the ingestion or rejection of potential food items. Immunohistochemistry indicates a heavy concentration of CCK-, CGRP-, NPY-, and galanin-immunoreactive fibers in the capsular fiber layer as well as in deeper sensory layers of the vagal lobe. CGRP immunoreactivity throughout the sensory layers and capsular immunoreactivity for CCK are greatly reduced 1-2 weeks following vagus nerve transection, indicating that the majority of these fibers are primary sensory afferents. In contrast, NPY and galanin immunoreactivity in the capsular fiber layer and reactivity for CCK, NPY, and galanin in the deeper sensory and fiber layers are relatively unaffected by vagus transection. CCK-, NPY-, and galanin-immunoreactive fibers and puncta also were present in the motor layers, as were CGRP-immunoreactive motor somata. CCK-immunoreactive cell bodies are present in layer III and layer VII/VIII of the vagal lobe and in the superficial granular layer of the lateral subnucleus of the commissural nucleus of Cajal, which is caudally contiguous with the vagal lobe.
Semantic and perceptual discrepancies in discordant and nondiscordant marriages.

Twenty discordant couples and 20 nondiscordant couples completed a definition inventory of marriage-related concepts and semantic differential ratings of marriage-related and nonrelated concepts. Group performances on each of these instruments were compared. In addition, the relationship of actual similarity, perceived or assumed similarity, and prediction accuracy to spouses' marital satisfaction was investigated. Actual similarity of denotative and connotative meanings did not contribute to satisfaction. On the other hand, nondiscordant spouses significantly predicted their spouses' responses more accurately and perceived more similarity than discordant spouses. Therapeutic implications of the research are discussed.
High-Temperature Tunneling Quantum-Dot Intersublevel Detectors for Mid-Infrared to Terahertz Frequencies

Quantum-dot infrared photodetectors have emerged as attractive devices for sensing long wavelength radiation. Their principle of operation is based on absorption of radiation via intersublevel transitions in quantum dots. Multiple layers of self-organized ln(Ga)As/Ga(Al)As quantum dots are generally incorporated in the active region of these devices. Three-dimensional quantum confinement allows normal incidence operation. This paper describes a novel variation in the design of these devices which allows a significant reduction of the dark current, high temperature operation and extension of operation to terahertz frequencies. The principle of operation and operating characteristics of this device - the tunnel quantum-dot intersublevel detector - are described. Operation is demonstrated from 6-80 mum at temperatures up to 300 K with acceptable values of peak responsivity (0.1-0.75 A/W) and specific detectivity (107-1011cm ldr Hz1/2/W-1 , depending on temperature and wavelength).
A high-resolution geoid for the United States

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations's National Geodetic Survey is computing a high-resolution geoid height model for the conterminous United States. The model, known as GEOID90, should be available from NGS in December 1990. These geoid heights will be referred to as the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) and will be appropriate for use with measurements from the Global Positioning System.
A convenient, high-throughput assay for measuring the relative cell permeability of synthetic compounds

We describe here a convenient procedure for assessing the relative cell permeability of chemical compounds. The assay can be used in a high-throughput mode and is particularly applicable for the evaluation of the relative permeability of compounds in a combinatorial library. The compound of interest is conjugated to a dexamethasone derivative. The entry of the conjugate into living mammalian cells triggers the nuclear transport of a Gal4 DNA binding domain–glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain–VP16 activation domain fusion protein and, consequently, the activation of a Gal4-responsive luciferase reporter gene. The relative cell permeability is thus described quantitatively by the level of luciferase expression. The experiments take only a few days once chemical synthesis and conjugation are finished.
Evidence for sulfhydryl groups at the active site of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase

Abstract Earlier studies using affinity labeling reagents have suggested the existence of two nucleophilic groups at the active site of catechol-O-methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-l-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.6). Both nucleophilic residues are critical for catalytic activity. In an effort to elucidate the nature of these residues and to further characterize the relationship between the chemical structure and the catalytic function of this enzyme, inactivation studies using N-ethylmaleimide were undertaken. Inactivation of the enzyme by N-ethylmaleimide under pseudo first-order conditions exhibited a non-linear relationship between the log of the fraction of enzyme activity remaining and preincubation time. Kinetic analysis of this inactivation process suggested the modification by N-ethylmaleimide of two residues at the active site of the enzyme, both crucial for catalytic activity. Detailed analysis of the inactivation process including substrate protection studies, pH profiles of inactivation, and incorporation studies using N-ethyl[ 2,3-14C2] maleimide provided additional evidence to support this conclusion.
Are controls in schizophrenia research 'normal'?

AbstractThe psychiatric assessment by structured interview and family history of mental disorder in normal volunteers recruited by advertisement for a study of brain structure and function in psychosis is described. Nine of 51 volunteers (17.6%) who passed a phone screen were excluded after a structured interview for major psy-chopathology. Of 35 completers, 10 (28.6%) had subthreshold mood or substance use but were included in the study. Only 16 subjects (45%) had a negative family history by FH-RDC. Diagnoses in family members included substance abuse (31%), mood disorder (11%), psychosis (9%), and other/undiagnosed (14%). Ventricular enlargement was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in two planes. Ventricular size was bimodally distributed in the males, and the group with larger ventricles was more educated and had higher scores on the 8 (Schizophrenia) scale of the MMPI (F = 5.44, p = .0099). Our results suggest that 'normal' volunteers for psychiatric research have personal or family psychopath...
Evaluation of 3D Facial Feature Selection for Individual Facial Model Identification

Face recognition using 3D information has been intensively investigated in recent years. The features selected from 3D facial surfaces are invariant to pose and lighting conditions. However, they are sensitive to expression variations. In this paper, we investigate the issues on selecting good features for 3D facial shape classification, and evaluate its applicability to various types of models. Based on our existing work on feature selection using a genetic algorithm, we derived a set of features from the individualized wire-frame models. We evaluate the usefulness of such features not only to the generated models from images, but also to the range data from 3D imaging systems with variable resolutions. We tested the algorithm on two types of data sets: generic model based dataset and range-scan model based dataset. Experimental results show that the optimal features derived from both datasets are robust among two databases. The resolution of captured models affects the selection of optimal features; however, the combination of the optimal features improves the recognition rate.
An exploration of post-traumatic stress disorder in emergency nurses following Hurricane Katrina.

Introduction As a result of Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, ED nurses were faced with chaos during and after the storm. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if emergency nurses have experienced signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of working in an emergency department of the New Orleans metropolitan area during and immediately after Hurricane Katrina. Methods The research identifies if the nurses perceived satisfaction with measures administrators took to provide Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). To combat burnout, absenteeism, emotional difficulties, and health problems in nurses, administration must offer adequate crisis management for those affected by a traumatic event in the workplace. Data were captured through a cross-sectional research design using self-reporting questionnaires. A questionnaire captured demographic information as well as information regarding satisfaction with CISM offered by management. The Post Traumatic Checklist (PCL) was utilized to assess PTSD symptoms in the nurse. An emergency department located approximately 40 miles north of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, served as the setting for this study. The sample included 21 registered nurses who worked in the emergency department. Results Twenty percent of the nurses has symptoms of PTSD. In addition, 100% of the nurses reported that administrators did not offer CISM. Discussion To combat consequences of long-term effects of PTSD, hospital administrators must offer adequate treatment to employees. Further research is needed to expand the sample and gain a wider perspective on PTSD symptoms in nurses who worked during the Hurricane.
Robust and QoS constrained optimization of power control in wireless cellular networks

Power control in wireless cellular networks is crucial in minimizing power consumption, mitigating interference, increasing network capacity and maintaining link quality of service (QoS). Robustness to variation in noise level and accommodation of QoS constraints are particularly important practical issues. These issues in power control are transformed into two convex optimization problems that have efficient algorithms. The first convex power control formulation is robust optimization and its variation: robust Pareto optimization. The second convex formulation is QoS constrained optimization and its two extensions on proportional and minmax fairness implementations. These results also lead to new admission control and relative pricing schemes. As concurred by simulations, these convex optimization formulations optimize power and control QoS in a robust, optimal, fast, scalable and versatile way.
McJimsey Award Winner: Ideologies of the Shri Meenakshi Goushala: Hindu and Jain Motivations for a Madurai Cow Home

This essay describes and analyzes the motivations underlying the creation and current organization of a recently constructed goshala (cow home) in the south Indian city of Madurai. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 2012, I highlight the divergent visions of the goshala ’s purpose and future that were articulated by the institution’s Hindu and Jain members. Interviews and informal conversations with participants indicate that many individuals conceptualize only one “authentic” tradition of animal homes. However, within Madurai’s goshala and likely many others like it, these stakeholders referred to distinctly different traditions. I argue that Hindu and Jain understandings of ahimsa (nonviolence) and the cow vary significantly, and this strongly affects individual expectations of the mission of animal homes. Utilizing Hobsbawm and Ranger’s framework (1983), I note that the many “invented traditions” of animal homes may be difficult to accommodate within one institution, especially one with a religiously diverse membership. I further suggest that transparent discussions which clearly indicate an animal home’s goals and mission are necessary and that the outcomes of these discussions should be effectively communicated to the wider community supporting the institution.
A Stability Analysis for Time-Domain Method-of-Moments Analysis of 1-D Double-Negative Transmission Lines

The stability of time-domain simulations is examined for a generalized lossy double-negative transmission line (TL). This is accomplished using a "modified" version of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy stability criterion. The time-domain simulation is implemented using a method-of-moments formulation with the generalized TL equations. An analytic expression is derived by combining the Z-transform with von Neumann methods. The credibility of simulated time-domain results is verified through comparison with modal behavior determined using a frequency-domain treatment for a periodic structure.
The impact of head injury mechanism on mental health symptoms in veterans: do number and type of exposures matter?

This study examined the association between screening results for mental health problems and the number and type of head injuries in 1,082 Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans who received population-based screening for traumatic brain injury at a Veterans Administration health care facility. Nearly one third of all veterans reported multiple types of head injuries (median = 1 among those with any head injury, range = 1-6 types of head injury). Veterans reporting multiple head injury mechanisms had 6 times the odds of screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 6.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.4, 8.7], p Language: en
Thermal Rectification by Ballistic Phonons in Asymmetric Nanostructures

In analogy to an electrical diode, a thermal rectifier transports heat more easily in one direction than in the reverse direction. Among various possible nanoscale rectification mechanisms, a ballistic rectifier relies on asymmetric scattering of energy carriers, as has been suggested for phonon transport in a sawtooth nanowire [S. Saha, L. Shi, & R. Prasher, IMECE 2006] or nanowire with special surface specularity function [N.A. Roberts and D.G. Walker, ITherm 2008]. We have used a Landauer-Buttiker method as well as a Monte Carlo method to model the asymmetric heat transport in such nanostructures, with careful attention to boundary conditions that satisfy the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The calculations show that ballistic rectification is only significant at relatively large “thermal bias,” which causes significant anisotropy in the distribution function of energy carriers emitted at each of the two thermal contacts. We also propose experiments to observe this phenomenon using either phonons or photons.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The PlantsP and PlantsT Functional Genomics Databases

PlantsP and PlantsT allow users to quickly gain a global understanding of plant phosphoproteins and plant membrane transporters, respectively, from evolutionary relationships to biochemical function as well as a deep understanding of the molecular biology of individual genes and their products. As one database with two functionally different web interfaces, PlantsP and PlantsT are curated plant-specific databases that combine sequence-derived information with experimental functional-genomics data. PlantsP focuses on proteins involved in the phosphorylation process (i.e., kinases and phosphatases), whereas PlantsT focuses on membrane transport proteins. Experimentally, PlantsP provides a resource for information on a collection of T-DNA insertion mutants (knockouts) in each kinase and phosphatase, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, and PlantsT uniquely combines experimental data regarding mineral composition (derived from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) of mutant and wild-type strains. Both databases provide extensive information on motifs and domains, detailed information contributed by individual experts in their respective fields, and descriptive information drawn directly from the literature. The databases incorporate a unique user annotation and review feature aimed at acquiring expert annotation directly from the plant biology community. PlantsP is available at http://plantsp.sdsc.edu and PlantsT is available at http://plantst.sdsc.edu.
Follicular thyroid carcinoma invades venous rather than lymphatic vessels

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) tends to metastasize to remote organs rather than local lymph nodes. Separation of FTC from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) relies on detection of vascular and/or capsular invasion. We investigated which vascular markers, CD31, CD34 and D2-40 (lymphatic vessel marker), can best evaluate vascular invasion and why FTC tends to metastasize via blood stream to remote organs. Thirty two FTCs and 34 FTAs were retrieved for evaluation. The average age of patients with FTA was 8 years younger than FTC (p = 0.02). The female to male ratio for follicular neoplasm was 25:8. The average size of FTC was larger than FTA (p = 0.003). Fourteen of 32 (44%) FTCs showed venous invasion and none showed lymphatic invasion, with positive CD31 and CD34 staining and negative D2-40 staining of the involved vessels. The average number of involved vessels was 0.88 ± 1.29 with a range from 0 to 5, and the average diameter of involved vessels was 0.068 ± 0.027 mm. None of the 34 FTAs showed vascular invasion. CD31 staining demonstrated more specific staining of vascular endothelial cells than CD34, with less background staining. We recommended using CD31 rather than CD34 and/or D2-40 in confirming/excluding vascular invasion in difficult cases. All identified FTCs with vascular invasions showed involvement of venous channels, rather than lymphatic spaces, suggesting that FTCs prefer to metastasize via veins to distant organs, instead of lymphatic vessels to local lymph nodes, which correlates with previous clinical observations.
Is Inclusivity an Indicator of Quality of Care for Children With Autism in Special Education

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the proportion of time spent in an inclusive educational setting, a process indicator of the quality of schooling for children with autism, improves key outcomes. METHODS Patients were 484 children and youth educated in special education with a primary diagnosis of autism in the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. These individuals were ages 20 to 23 in 2007. We used propensity-score inverse probability of treatment weights to eliminate the effect of multiple confounders. A causal interpretation of the effect of inclusivity on key educational and functional outcomes still depends on a critical assumption, that inclusivity is not confounded by remaining, omitted confounders. RESULTS Compared with children with autism who were not educated in an inclusive setting ( n = 215), children with autism who spent 75% to 100% of their time in a general education classroom ( n = 82) were no more likely to attend college ( P = .40), not drop out of high school ( P = .24), or have an improved functional cognitive score ( P = .99) after controlling for key confounders. CONCLUSIONS We find no systematic indication that the level of inclusivity improves key future outcomes. Research on educational and functional outcomes for children with autism can benefit from data on large samples of children educated in real-world settings, such as the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2, but more nuanced indicators should be developed to measure the quality of special education for children with autism.