cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salivary anti-A and anti-B activity of group O males.

. Anti-A whole saliva agglutinins were detected in 98% and anti-B in 96% of 80 group O males. After subcutaneous injection of 5 group O males with A and B blood group substances, both whole saliva and parotid saliva agglutinins increased in titer. This agglutinating activity was demonstrated to be primarily due to secretory IgA, both pre- and postimmunization. IgG coating activity was also demonstrated in postimmunization whole saliva. In other studies, whole saliva agglutinin titers correlated poorly with saline agglutinin, neutralization-resistant antibody, or hemolysin titers of the corresponding sera. These findings indicate little or no value for whole saliva agglutinins in predicting the nature of serum antibody and support the concept that the secretory immunoglobulin system is distinct from the system producing circulating antibody.
The Evolving Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency Curriculum

Background Since their introduction several years ago, integrated (0 + 5) vascular surgery residency programs are being increasingly developed across the country. To date, however, there is no defined “universal” curriculum for these programs and each program is responsible for creating its own curriculum. The aim of this study was to review the experiences of current 0 + 5 program directors (PDs) to determine what factors contributed to the curricular development within their institution. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 0 + 5 PDs to explore their experiences with program development, factors influencing the latter, and rationale for current curricula. The interview script was loosely structured to explore several factors including time of incoming residents' first exposure to the vascular surgical service, timing and rationale behind the timing of core surgical rotations throughout the 5 year program, educational value of nonsurgical rotations, opportunities for leadership and scholarly activity, and influence the general surgery program and institutional climate had on curricular structure. All interviews were conducted by a single interviewer. All interviews were qualitatively analyzed using emergent theme analysis. Results Twenty-six 0 + 5 PDs participated in the study. A total of 69% believed establishing professional identity early reduces resident attrition and recommend starting incoming trainees on vascular surgical services. Sixty-two percent spread core surgical rotations over the first 3 years to optimize general surgical exposure and most of the programs have eliminated specific rotations, as they were not considered valuable to the goals of training. Factors considered most important by PDs in curricular development include building on existing institutional opportunities (96%), avoiding rotations considered unsuccessful by “experienced” programs (92%), and maintaining a good working relationship with general surgery (77%). Fifty-eight percent of PDs voiced concern over the lack of standardization among the differing programs and most of the PDs agree that some degree of programmatic standardization is critical for the continued success of the 0 + 5 training paradigm. Conclusions Qualitative evaluation of PD experiences with the development of 0 + 5 vascular surgery residency programs reveals the key factors that commonly influence program design. Programs continue to evolve in both structure and content as PDs respond to these influences. Learning from the collective experience of PDs and some standardization of the curricula may help current and future programs avoid common pitfalls in curricular development.
Surgical Restoration of Arm and Hand Function in People with Tetraplegia

Improved hand and arm function is the most sought after function for people living with a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Surgical techniques have been established to increase upper extremity function for tetraplegics, focusing on restoring elbow extension, wrist movement, and hand opening and closing. Additionally, more innovative treatments that have been developed (implanted neuroprostheses and nerve transfers) provide more options for improving function and quality of life. One of the most important steps in the process of restoring upper extremity function in people with tetraplegia is identifying appropriate candidates – typically those with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor level C5 or greater. Secondary complications of SCI can pose barriers to restoring function, particularly upper extremity spasticity. A novel approach to managing spasticity through high-frequency alternating currents designed to block unwanted spasticity is being researched at the Cleveland FES Center and may improve the impact of reconstructive surgery for these individuals. The impact of these surgeries is best measured within the framework of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health. Outcome measures should be chosen to reflect changes within the domains of body functions and structures, activity, and participation. There is a need to strengthen the evidence in the area of reconstructive procedures for people with tetraplegia. Research continues to advance, providing more options for improved function in this population than ever before. The contribution of well-designed outcome studies to this evidence base will ultimately help to address the complications surrounding access to the procedures.
Advanced endoscopic technologies

The use of endoscopy for diagnosing and treating ailments of the alimentary tract has evolved steadily over the past few decades, with tremendous growth and innovation in the past few years. Initially, endoscopy relied on rigid telescopes, direct visualization, and dangerously exothermic sources of illumination. The introduction of fiber optics, charge-coupled-device cameras, and increasingly efficient light sources has enabled researchers to investigate areas of the human gastrointestinal tract through flexible endoscopy not previously thought to be reachable without formal surgical exploration. The more recent advances in scope platforms, devices, and techniques have allowed researchers to push the envelope of endoscopic diagnostics and therapeutics to greater heights. Specific new platforms include ColonoSight and mother–daughter endoscopes such as the ShapeLock TransPort and the SpyGlass direct visualization system. Specific devices include the EndoCinch suturing system, the full-thickness Plicator procedure, Esophyx, the Stretta system, and the HALO360 system. Specific new techniques include small-caliber endoscopy, endoscopic mucosal and submucosal resection, and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). This article describes the most relevant recent advances in endoscopic innovation with regard to platform design, devices, and techniques anticipated to serve as the foundation for further research and design for developing generations of endoscopic technologies to come.
Evaluating performance of link prediction in scale-free evolving networks and a Facebook community

Networks exhibit different behaviors, which govern patterns of connectivity. Predicting new links is a fundamental and challenging problem. This work examines the link prediction problem in different scale-free networks and in a Facebook community. Feature-based methods, which can be used on large-scale networks, are used to predict novel links in the graphs. Results show that predictive accuracy is largely dependent on the underlying dynamic process and connectivity pattern. A simulation engine and testing paradigm are described as resources for testing novel link prediction methods in a natural dynamic context, and guide for the selection of appropriate technique for applications.
ON USING A SPACE TELESCOPE TO DETECT FAINT GALAXIES

Observations using space telescopes should be optimized for conditions that prevail in space. Since the sky at 1 micron is very dark above the OH nightglow, and because distant galaxies are brightest at wavelength greater than 1 micron, the Hubble space telescope should be very good at detecting and measuring faint, distant galaxies in the R and I bands. For later-generation space telescopes the optimal wavelength for detecting high-redshift faint galaxies is the 3 micron window in the zodiacal light. Observations of faint galaxies in the 1-3 micron region will be less affected by evolution than optical observations, leading to a better determination of q0.
Structural basis for the inactivation of Thermus thermophilus proline dehydrogenase by N-propargylglycine.

The flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of proline catabolism, the oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Here we report the first crystal structure of an irreversibly inactivated proline dehydrogenase. The 1.9 A resolution structure of Thermus thermophilus proline dehydrogenase inactivated by the mechanism-based inhibitor N-propargylglycine shows that N5 of the flavin cofactor is covalently connected to the ϵ-amino group of Lys99 via a three-carbon linkage, consistent with the mass spectral analysis of the inactivated enzyme. The isoalloxazine ring has a butterfly angle of 25°, which suggests that the flavin cofactor is reduced. Two mechanisms can account for these observations. In both, N-propargylglycine is oxidized to N-propargyliminoglycine. In one mechanism, this α,β-unsaturated iminium compound is attacked by the N5 atom of the now reduced flavin to produce a 1,4-addition product. Schiff base formation between Lys99 and the imine of the 1,4-addition product releases...
Study of Top 500 Design Firms' Plans to Adopt MasterFormatTM 2004

In 2004, the Construction Specification Institute released an update of MasterFormatTM 2004. This was a complete overhaul of the 1995 version of MasterFormatTM, which enjoyed widespread industry support. One of the major changes was increasing the number of divisions from 16 to 50 in order to be more inclusive of not only building projects, but also of civil and industrial projects. In addition, the new version increased the numbering system from 5 digits to 6 digits, allowing designers to be more descriptive in their specifications. Because previous versions of MasterFormatTM have been the industry standard for so many years, this research was conducted to determine if and when large design firms planned to adopt the new MasterFormatTM 2004. Two hundred of Engineering News Record's (ENR) Top 500 Design Firms were surveyed. The findings from this research show that approximately 75% of the firms currently using MasterFormatTM are planning to adopt the 2004 version and that 72% of these firms plan to adopt...
Annulus Instead of LVOT Diameter Improves Agreement Between Echocardiography Effective Orifice Area and Invasive Aortic Valve Area

Calculating effective orifice area (EOA) in aortic stenosis (AS) relies on geometric assumptions regarding the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). There is no consensus on the optimal site for LVOT measurement on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), with guidelines permitting flexibility [(1)][
Vietnam Grief Work Using Hypnosis

Abstract Problems unique to the veteran of the Vietnam War are discussed, and a new strategy using hypnosis for assisting some of these veterans in coming to terms with their psychological and physical losses is presented. Many Vietnam veterans suffer from losses common to any war: of friends, of body parts, of a sense of self as hero. Putting these losses into perspective has been made more difficult by the absence of a sense of national purpose for the war. This deprives the suffering of a sense of meaning, giving rise to a delayed stress response syndrome. Treatment should take into account the lack of social support for these veterans. Previous uses of hypnosis in treating traumatic neurosis have focused on abreaction. The limitations of this technique are discussed in relation to Freud's conception of psychotherapy as “remembering, repeating, and working through.” The working through can be conceptualized as a kind of grief work in which the patient puts losses into perspective, and it is this elemen...
Simulating heat addition via mass addition in constant area compressible flows

to evaluate energy flux at the control-volume surface, are in very good agreement with the exact solution in Figs. 2a-2d. The moving shock wave is captured very sharply within a few nodes. The pressure and velocity solutions are almost exact, however, there is a minor undershoot before the contact discontinuity in the temperature distribution. Since the density is calculated from the equation of state, its value is completely dependent on the pressure and temperature fields. The effect of using Eqs. (7) and (11) to evaluate the energy flux at the control-volume surface is shown in Figs. 2e and 2f, respectively. The pressure and velocity distributions are not shown here; they are similar to the results in Figs. 2b and 2d, except that for the velocity distributions there exists a small overshoot at x = 0.0. A temperature undershoot higher than that in Figs. 2c and 2e is seen in Fig. 2f. However, there is not much difference in the rest of the temperature distributions; see Ref. 11 for complete results. In conclusion, for the numerical results, the overall accuracy of the method is found to be quite satisfactory, and no particular problem has been detected. All three forms of the energy flux evaluation can be used in this method, however, smoother results are obtained when Eq. (9) is used.
DECAYS OF HEAVY QUARKS

The weak decay of heavy b and t quarks is discussed using the mixing angles obtained in Fritzsch's model. We find that the decay b ..-->.. c dominates over b ..-->.. u for 7 .. X..mu../sup +/..nu../sub ..mu../) < or approx. = 12%, the equality holding for the absence of nonleptonic enhancement. b-quark cascade decay is found to be an insignificant source of multimuons in ..nu.. interactions and suitably small in nu-bar interactions, consistent with the data of the CERN-Dortmund-Heidelberg-Saclay and Harvard-Pennsylvania-Wisconsin-Fermilab collaborations. Several branching ratios for exotic final states produced via b quarks in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation are discussed.
Improving mentoring for women in computer science fields (abstract)

Can having a mentor influence the likelihood that a woman will succeed in establishing a career in computer science? A number of studies and reports suggest that an effective mentoring relationship can, indeed, make a difference in attracting women to academic and industrial careers in computer science and then keeping them in the field. In this panel, we will concentrate on practical issues such as training potential mentors in the requisite skills, matching proteges with mentors, incorporating or expanding a mentoring program within an institution, and special considerations for men mentoring women.
Product prototyping and manufacturing planning with 5-DOF haptic sculpting and dexel volume updating

This paper presents an analytical methodology for virtual sculpting of complex surfaces with a developed 5-DOF (degree of freedom) force-torque haptic interface. In the proposed methodology, 5-axis tool motion and analytical tool swept volume are formulated for updating the virtual stock material, which is represented with dexel volume model. Based on the tool motion analysis, a dexel-based collision detection method and a force-torque feedback algorithm are proposed for virtual sculpting. Different from the traditional ways of calculating haptic forces based on depth of penetration or impulses, the proposed method determines the haptic force by finding the material removal rate of dexels. A lab-built 5-DOF haptic interface system is developed for the proposed haptic sculpting system. From the haptic sculpting system, both corresponding tool motion of the creative process and the sculpted model can be output. The tool motion can be recorded and output as NC (numerically-controlled) commands. The output STL model of the haptic sculpting system can be processed for machining planning.
Comparative study of the benefits of forward jet tagging in heavy-Higgs-boson production at the Superconducting Super Collider.

The event rate for production of a Higgs boson of mass \ensuremath{\sim}1 TeV with decay $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{ZZ}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4$ charged leptons is of order 25 events per year at standard Superconducting Super Collider luminosity and the QCD background is of comparable size. By tagging a single forward jet of energy ${E}_{j}g1$ TeV and rapidity $2l|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{j}|l5$ from the $\mathrm{qq}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{qqZZ}$ process, the QCD background can be essentially eliminated, with about 10 Higgs-boson signal events per year remaining, which amounts to 70% of the $\mathrm{qq}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{qqZZ}$ signal rate. The experimental separation of the vector-boson scattering subprocess is thereby possible.
Heavenly Sight and the Nature of Seeing-In

Richard Wollheim famously understands pictures to be distinct from other kinds of representation in virtue of eliciting a special kind of experience: seeing-in. What a picture depicts is determined in large part by what appropriate observers can see in it. Many agree that pictures often evoke expe riences of seeing something in a marked surface, even if they do not assign seeing-in such a central place in their theories of depiction or characterize it in exactly the way Wollheim does. This article proposes a new way to understand seeing-in that is motivated by a curious Renaissance discussion of vision after death: heavenly sight.1 The first section introduces seeing-in as Wollheim understands it, while the second sec tion introduces heavenly sight. Heavenly sight is impossible, and it might seem unimaginable were it not for seeing-in. In fact, seeing-in is best under stood as an approximation to heavenly sight. This proposal conflicts with the way in which Wollheim explicated seeing-in, even though it remains true to the phenomenological desiderata that Woll heim suggested, or so this article argues. Section III unpacks and then rejects the reasons for which Wollheim would resist the heavenly sight pro posal, and it shows that there are problems with how Wollheim's own account deals with his phe nomenological desiderata. Section IV argues that experiences akin to heavenly sight are indeed pos sible, and Section V concludes by showing that this proposal does an excellent job accounting for seeing-in. In fact, this proposal avoids the prob lems that trouble Wollheim's account. Wollheim correctly characterizes the phe nomenology of seeing-in, but he overlooks a promising way of explaining the phenomenon in detail. Most discuss seeing-in as a tool for under standing what makes depiction a distinctive kind of representation. The focus here, by contrast, is on the nature of this special kind of experience. The exact relation such experiences bear to a cor rect account of pictorial representation is not of central concern.
Interval mapping of carcass and meat quality traits in a divergent swine cross

An autosomal scan of the swine genome with 119 polymorphic microsatellite (ms) markers and data from 116 F2 barrows of the University of Illinois Meishan x Yorkshire Swine Resource Families identified genomic regions with effects on variance in carcass composition and meat quality at nominal significance (p-value <0.05). Marker intervals on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8 and 12 (SSC1, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, SSC12) with phenotypic effects on carcass length, 10th rib backfat thickness, average backfat thickness, leaf fat, loin eye area and intramuscular fat content confirm QTL effects identified previously based on genome wide significance (p-value<0.05). Several marker intervals included nominally significant (p-value<0.05) dominance effects on leaf fat, 10th rib backfat thickness, loin eye area, muscle pH and intramuscular fat content.
Alignment of University Information Technology Resources With the Malcolm Baldrige Results Criteria for Performance Excellence in Education: A Balanced Scorecard Approach

The authors suggest using a balanced scorecard (BSC) approach to evaluate information technology (IT) resources in higher education institutions. The BSC approach illustrated is based on the performance criteria of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in Education. This article suggests areas of potential impact of IT on BSC measures in each of the Baldrige Results Categories of the performance criteria. Many of the identified areas of measurement and expected improvement are unique to educational institutions. The multiple-faceted evaluation approach should provide improved assessment of an institution's IT resources and offer a broadened perspective of IT usage in the academic setting.
Temporal characteristics of a comparator in adaptation to optical tilt

Two groups of eight Ss each and one group of seven Ss were exposed to optical tilts (T) of 50, 40, 30, 20, and 10 deg in succession. Exposure time at each tilt was 3, 15, and 27 min in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Trend analyses of the functions relating level of adaptation to T showed significant quadratic components for Group 1, quadratic and linear components for Group 2, and only linear components for Group 3. These results were consistent with derivations from a memory-comparator model of perceptual adaptation.
Post-antibiotic effects in experimental infection models: relationship to in-vitro phenomena and to treatment of infections in man

Persistent suppression of bacterial growth, called the post-antibiotic effect (PAE), has been studied in six different animal infection models. Prolonged in-vivo PAEs are observed for all antimicrobials with staphylococci and for imipenem and inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis with streptococci and Gram-negative bacilli. Penicillins and cephalosporins produce short or no in-vivo PAEs with these latter organisms. The presence of neutrophils prolongs the in-vivo PAEs found with aminoglycosides and quinolones. Simulation of human pharmacokinetics also enhances the duration of in-vivo PAE for aminoglycosides. In-vivo PAEs tend to be longer than those observed in vitro. The in-vitro PAE for penicillin with streptococci has been observed in vivo in only one of four experimental infection models. The presence of a prolonged in-vivo PAE can allow wider dosing intervals. The primary clinical application of the in-vivo PAE has been with once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides.
Minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastric pull-up in children

Minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastric pull-up is a widely accepted method in adults. However, the experience in the pediatric population is limited. Minimally invasive esophagectomy represents a new alternative technique to the conventional open approach. We wish to report our small case series of minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastric pull-up in pediatric patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of the procedure. Three patients (2 girls and 1 boy) with average age 46 months (34–57 months) and average weight 12.6 kg (11–15 kg) underwent the procedure. The indications for esophagectomy were esophageal stricture from caustic ingestion (2 patients) and failed repair of esophageal atresia (1 patient). Average operative time was 7 h (0519–0752 hours). There were no intraoperative complications with the average blood loss of 50 cc (5–125 cc). No anastomotic leaks were noted on the initial esophagrams that were obtained on postoperative day five or six. One patient developed a cervical wound infection on postoperative day seven due to a retained piece of Penrose, which required a neck exploration, removal of foreign body and repair of a small leak. One patient developed an anastomotic stricture at the 7-month follow-up. She was successfully treated with two balloon dilatations. One patient developed a delayed esophagogastric anastomotic leak at 3 months. The leak spontaneously closed after surgical drainage. At average of 22-month follow-up (15–36 months), all patients were eating regular food with excellent weight gain. Minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastric pull-up is technically challenging but feasible and safe with acceptable outcomes. However, further study is needed to further validate the approach.
Workplace Bullying: Application of Novak’s (1998) Learning Theory and Implications for Training

This paper applies Novak’s (1998) theory of learning to the problem of workplace bullying. Novak’s theory offers an understanding of how actions of bullying and responses to bullying can be seen as deriving from individualized conceptualizations of workplace bullying by those involved. Further, Novak’s theory suggests that training involving Ausubel’s concept of meaningful learning (Ausubel Educational Theory 11(1): 15–25, 1961; Ausubel et al.1978) which attends to learners’ pre-existing knowledge and allows for new meaning to be constructed regarding workplace bullying can lead to new actions related to workplace bullying. Ideally, these new actions can involve both a reduction in workplace bullying prevalence, and responses to workplace bullying which recognize and are informed by the negative consequences of this workplace dynamic.
A case of fatal intoxication with sodium azide.

A case of fatal intoxication with sodium azide is described. The poison was consumed in form of a soluble in water powder. The cause of decease was not explained by the section of the corpse nor by the supplementary microscopic examination. Chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of sodium azide in the stomach contend and small intestine.
A response-modeling alternative to surrogate models for support in computational analyses

Abstract Often, the objectives in a computational analysis involve characterization of system performance based on some function of the computed response. In general, this characterization includes (at least) an estimate or prediction for some performance measure and an estimate of the associated uncertainty. Surrogate models can be used to approximate the response in regions where simulations were not performed. For most surrogate modeling approaches, however, (1) estimates are based on smoothing of available data and (2) uncertainty in the response is specified in a point-wise (in the input space) fashion. These aspects of the surrogate model construction might limit their capabilities. One alternative is to construct a probability measure, G(r), for the computer response, r, based on available data. This “response-modeling” approach will permit probability estimation for an arbitrary event, E(r), based on the computer response. In this general setting, event probabilities can be computed: prob(E)=∫rI(E(r))dG(r) where I is the indicator function. Furthermore, one can use G(r) to calculate an induced distribution on a performance measure, pm. For prediction problems where the performance measure is a scalar, its distribution Fpm is determined by: Fpm(z)=∫rI(pm(r)⩽z)dG(r). We introduce response models for scalar computer output and then generalize the approach to more complicated responses that utilize multiple response models.
Loss of anti-apoptotic genes in aging rat crura.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Erectile dysfunction is a common problem in aging men. The molecular mechanisms associated with aging erectile dysfunction are not completely understood. We hypothesized that apoptosis is a downstream event in erectile dysfunction, and pro-apoptotic (Bak and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x) factors are involved in the etiology of aging erectile dysfunction. To test this hypothesis intracavernous pressure in aging rats was measured to assess erectile function. Gene and protein expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors was then analyzed in aging rat crura to assess its role in aging erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 5 groups of 5 each based on age (6, 12, 18, 24 and 28 months old, respectively) were used in functional and apoptotic studies. In addition, 5, 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the apoptotic study. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Erectile function was assessed by me...
On ternary problems

We consider ternary matrices, i.e., integer matrices having all entries 0, 1 or 2. Three associated problems—the group problem, covering, and packing—are studied. General classes of vertices and facets are discussed in each case. Certain lifting procedures are also described. For all three problems techniques used are natural extensions of those used in the binary case.
83% net efficiency in generating 700 mW of cw blue by IR diode laser doubling with PPKTP

We report on high efficiency resonant doubling at 486nm using periodically poled KTP. A stable blue power of 700 ± 5 mW was obtained using the 840 mW output power of a FBG stabilized PM fiber coupled IR semiconductor laser. This gives an overall conversion efficiency of 83%. To obtain this result, all losses in the system were carefully studied and minimized.
Emergent Properties, Human Rights, and the Internet

The Internet is an artifact, but its uses represent emergent properties of large numbers of users discovering ways in which to interact and share information that couldn't necessarily have been predicted from the basic Internet design. The net has become a vital part of our society, but whether access to it should be a "human right" is controversial. There can be no question, however, that it has become a critical tool for research, business, education, government, and social interaction.
Rapid Evaluation Of Extended-Field Photographic Quality Of Lenses

Monitoring of high-volume lens manufacture for Polaroid Land photog-raphy requires an acceptance criterion which is relevant to picture quality and suitable for automatic testing. In a hardware test based upon the Modu-lation Transfer Function, the problem is to choose what not to measure, while obtaining enough information about a lens to assign it a useful figure of merit. The predominant defects of manufacture are field tilt, resulting from tilting or decentering of the components, and field curvature, from small errors in spacing, thickness, radius, or index. Field tilt and curvature are not "local" defects of the image surface, insofar as they may be removed by a local refocus. We therefore need a test procedure which can (perhaps simultaneously) examine image quality over an extended field, but which is principally called upon to evaluate focus differences. At multiple field locations a single-frequency modulation measurement adequately defines the MTF for the low spatial frequencies of interest, and can be interpreted easily in terms of the root-mean-square blur of the Point Spread Function. We will discuss the logic of 100% lens acceptance testing and two types of instrumentation we have used.
Longitudinal simulations and measurements of stretched bunches

Extending the method of Warnock and Ellison for the simulation of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation for bunched beams [in Proceedings of the 2nd ICFA Advanced Accelerator Workshop on the Physics of High Brightness Beams, Los Angeles, CA, 1999 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2000)], we analyze arbitrary radio-frequency potentials and high- $Q$ impedances and study instabilities in stretched bunches. Results for the microwave instability driven by a broadband impedance and instability driven by high- $Q$ rf modes in stretched bunches are compared with measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source. A method for the calculation of response functions is developed, and simulated response functions are compared to experimental results.
Introduction to compatibilization of polymer blends

The key to preparation of commercially useful blends based on immiscible polymer pairs is compatibilization. Advances over the past ten years have considerably enhanced the understanding of this phenomenon. The selection of an appropriate compatibilizer and the processing technique to enhance the compatibilization is quite complex. The selection of the compatibilizer is aided by the application of the principles of miscibility and of organic interactions. It may be advantageous to prepare the compatibilizer in situ. Chemical modification of the base components to enhance interactions between the components is an important option. Processing and rheological effects must also be taken into account. The combination of the compatibilizer and the processing conditions must yield a morphology that will preserve the desired properties of each component while minimizing the undesirable properties. This morphology must be reproducible and stable in the ultimate product and through subsequent recycling processes.
Numerical Algorithms for the Direct Spectral Transform with Applications to Nonlinear Schrödinger Type Systems

We implement two different algorithms for computing numerically the direct Zakharov?Shabat eigenvalue problem on the infinite line. The first algorithm replaces the potential in the eigenvalue problem by a piecewise-constant approximation, which allows one to solve analytically the corresponding ordinary differential equation. The resulting algorithm is of second order in the step size. The second algorithm uses the fourth-order Runge?Kutta method. We test and compare the performance of these two algorithms on three exactly solvable potentials. We find that even though the Runge?Kutta method is of higher order, this extra accuracy can be lost because of the additional dependence of its numerical error on the eigenvalue. This limits the usefulness of the Runge?Kutta algorithm to a region inside the unit circle around the origin in the complex plane of the eigenvalues. For the computation of the continuous spectrum density, this limitation is particularly severe, as revealed by the spectral decomposition of theL2-norm of a solution to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We show that no such limitations exist for the piecewise-constant algorithm. In particular, this scheme converges uniformly for both continuous and discrete spectrum components.
Single-Facet Folded-Cavity Diode Laser With Ultrasmall Bend Radius High-Index-Contrast Oxidized AlGaAs Ridge Waveguide

AlGaAs heterostructure high-index-contrast (HIC) ridge waveguide (RWG) diode lasers incorporating a folded-cavity single-facet resonator with a folding bend radius as small as r=10 mum are demonstrated. Fabricated by a self-aligned deep dry etch (through the active region) plus nonselective O2-enhanced wet thermal oxidization process, the low-index, insulating, and interface-passivating wet thermal oxide grown directly on the etch-exposed AlGaAs waveguide sidewalls yields a high lateral refractive index contrast of Deltan~1.7 and provides strong optical mode confinement. The HIC RWG device geometry also completely eliminates lateral current spreading, which results in an excellent overlap between the optical field and the gain region of the single InAlGaAs quantum-well graded-index separate confinement heterostructure. A threshold current of Ith=65mA is obtained for the r=10 mum device (a half-racetrack ring resonator), giving a threshold current density of Jth=1503 A/cm2, 3.34 times higher than that of same-length straight lasers. At a bend radius of r=150 mum, Ith=16.6 mA, and Jth is comparable to straight cavity values, indicating that at this curvature there is negligible bending and scattering loss for the lowest-order waveguide mode
Cardiac Monitoring During Adjuvant Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy Among Older Patients With Breast Cancer

Purpose Patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab require adequate cardiac monitoring. We describe the patterns of cardiac monitoring and evaluate factors associated with adequate monitoring in a large population-based study of older patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Patients age 66 years or older with full Medicare coverage, diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer between 2005 and 2009, and treated with adjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare and the Texas Cancer Registry-Medicare databases. The adequacy of cardiac monitoring was determined. Chemotherapy, trastuzumab use, cardiac monitoring, and comorbidities were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes. Prescribing physician characteristics were also evaluated. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression models. Results In all, 2,203 patients were identified; median age was 72 ye...
Homing Orientation in Migrating Fishes

Homing in migrating fishes, such as salmon, may be defined as a behavior-pattern in which an animal spends its early life in one locality and subsequently returns to this locality, after undertaking migratory journeys of long or short duration to areas where the environment is drastically different. Fishes inhabiting smaller bodies of water such as a stream-pool, pond or a lake return readily to a home territory when displaced (Hasler and Wisby, 1958; Gerking, 1959) but this ability is an accomplishment of far less magnitude than for salmon.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and the Psychobiology of Early-Life Stress

Trauma and neglect during childhood are increasingly appreciated as factors in the etiology of adult mood and anxiety disorders. Much has been learned about the role of stress biology in the persisting effects of early adverse experience on adult psychopathology. Here we present an overview of developmental trauma in the psychobiology of depression and anxiety. We emphasize the role of corticotropin-releasing factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders, focusing on the transduction of early life trauma into adult psychopathology.
Photosystem II damage and repair cycle in the green alga Dunaliella salina: involvement of a chloroplast-localized HSP70.

The involvement of HSP70B in the photosystem II damage and repair process in Dunaliella salina was investigated. A full-length cDNA of the D. salina hsp70B gene was cloned and sequenced. Expression patterns of the hsp70B gene were investigated upon shifting a D. salina culture from low-light to high-light growth conditions, designed to significantly accelerate the rate of PSII photodamage. Northern blot analyses and nuclear run-on transcription assays revealed a significant but transient induction of hsp70B gene transcription, followed by a subsequent increase in HSP70B protein synthesis and accumulation. Mild detergent solubilization of photoinhibited thylakoid membranes, in which photodamaged PSII centers had accumulated, followed by native gel electrophoresis revealed the formation of a 320 kDa protein complex that contained, in addition to the HSP70B, the photodamaged but as yet undegraded D1 protein as well as D2 and CP47. Evidence suggested that the 320 kDa complex is a transiently forming PSII repair intermediate. Denaturing solubilization of the 320 kDa PSII repair intermediate by SDS-urea resulted in cross-linking of its polypeptide constituents, yielding a 160 kDa protein complex. The role of the HSP70B in the repair of photodamaged PSII centers, e.g. in stabilizing the disassembled PSII-core complex and in facilitating the D1 degradation and replacement process, is discussed.
Silicon Odometer: An On-Chip Reliability Monitor for Measuring Frequency Degradation of Digital Circuits

Precise measurement of digital circuit degradation is a key aspect of aging tolerant digital circuit design. In this study, we present a fully digital on-chip reliability monitor for high-resolution frequency degradation measurements of digital circuits. The proposed technique measures the beat frequency of two ring oscillators, one stressed and the other unstressed, to achieve 50 X higher delay sensing resolution than that of prior techniques. The differential frequency measurement technique also eliminates the effect of common-mode environmental variation such as temperature drifts between each sampling points. A 265 X 132 mum2test chip implementing this design has been fabricated in a 1.2 V, 130 nm CMOS technology. The measured resolution of the proposed monitoring circuit was 0.02%, as the ring oscillator in this design has a period of 4 ns; this translates to a temporal resolution of 0.8 ps. The 2 mus measurement time was sufficiently short to suppress the unwanted recovery effect from concealing the actual circuit degradation.
CLAIMGEDRAG BESCHERMEN TEGEN KLACHTEN (2)

De Consumentengids van juni 2010meldt een toename van 9%van het aantal klachten bij demedische tuchtcolleges. Voldoendemedische kennis en de juiste anamnese helpen bij het voorkomen van klachten. In het oktobernummer van TP werd op de verantwoordelijkheid van de tandarts ingegaan en werd de ontwikkeling van een preventiefmedische anamnese besproken. In dit tweede en laatste deel wordt eerst de risicobepaling en tot slot de preventie toegelicht.
A mixture model approach for the analysis of microarray gene expression data

Microarrays have emerged as powerful tools allowing investigators to assess the expression of thousands of genes in different tissues and organisms. Statistical treatment of the resulting data remains a substantial challenge. Investigators using microarray expression studies may wish to answer questions about the statistical significance of differences in expression of any of the genes under study, avoiding false positive and false negative results. We have developed a sequence of procedures involving finite mixture modeling and bootstrap inference to address these issues in studies involving many thousands of genes. We illustrate the use of these techniques with a dataset involving calorically restricted mice.
Influences on youthful driving behavior and their potential for guiding interventions to reduce crashes

This paper presents an organized, comprehensive view of the factors known to influence young drivers’ behavior and how those factors might inform interventions to reduce crashes. This effort was done from the perspective of a public health professional, with a background in health behavior and health education, interested in preventing injury and death among young people from motor vehicle crashes. The author’s own studies, selected relevant literature, observation, and experience were considered and organized. A framework of six categories of influences on youthful driving behavior was developed, including the following elements: driving ability, developmental factors, personality factors, demographics, the perceived environment, and the driving environment. It is apparent that a complex set of many different factors influences young drivers’ behavior. To reduce crashes, comprehensive, multilevel interventions are needed that target those factors in the framework that are amenable to change.
Umklapp region thermal conductivity of body-centered-cubic3He

The thermal conductivity of body-centered-cubic3He has been measured in isotopically pure samples. In agreement with previous measurements in impure samples, the thermal conductivity in the bcc phase of3He does not obey the simple Umklapp temperature dependence which is found in the higher density hexagonal-close-packed phase. The calculated phonon mean free paths also do not obey a simple Umklapp temperature dependence, providing evidence that the high-temperature specific heat anomaly in bcc3He is not directly responsible for the anomaly in the thermal conductivity.
Treatment of crescentic glomerulonephritis

Summary: Acute crescentic-rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is an uncommon but devastating disease which comes in several forms. That associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies is most vexing to treat and has by far the worst prognosis. Despite conventional wisdom that plasma exchange and immunosuppression are optimal therapy, the cost constraints and issues raised in the present review suggest that this needs to be readdressed. Non-anti-GBM disease appears to respond well to aggressive immunosuppression and/or plasma exchange. A possible zided benefit of plasma exchange in patients with vasculitis on dialysis needs to be further addressed, especially in terms of a possible differential effect of very large doses of pulse methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) as opposed to smaller doses.
The PEPvIII-KLH (CDX-110) vaccine in glioblastoma multiforme patients.

Conventional therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) fail to target tumor cells exclusively, resulting in non-specific toxicity. Immune targeting of tumor-specific mutations may allow for more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) is a tumor-specific mutation that is widely expressed in GBM and other neoplasms and its expression enhances tumorigenicity. This in-frame deletion mutation splits a codon, resulting in a novel glycine at the fusion junction producing a tumor-specific epitope target for cellular or humoral immunotherapy. We have previously shown that vaccination with a peptide that spans the EGFRvIII fusion junction (PEPvIII-KLH/CDX-110) is an efficacious immunotherapy in syngeneic murine models. In this review, we summarize our results in GBM patients targeting this mutation in multiple, multi-institutional Phase II immunotherapy trials. These trials demonstrated that a selected population of GBM patients who received vaccines targeting EGFRvIII had an unexpec...
Agent based framework for avatar interactions in an adaptive virtual world game environment

Technology has progressed by leaps and bounds by making a big footprint on society at large, but more than often we notice the basic infrastructure of social setup not progressing, in many cases quite stagnant-noticeably healthcare[2][3]. While acknowledging progress in healthcare technology- enabling us to perform surgeries and treatments which would seem nothing less than a miracle a decade ago, to the great advances in pharmacology and medicine, one thing which is still elusive and coping up is the healthcare delivery system.
Anuran Postnasal Wall Homology: An Experimental Extirpation Study

The nasal placode was extirpated unilaterally in Gosner stage 18-20 embryos of Rana sylvatica, R. palustris and R. pipiens, in order to test alternative proposed schemes of homology for the ethmoidal attachment of the palatoquadrate in anurans and urodeles. Absence of the nasal sac has no pronounced effect on the formation of larval chondrocranial structures. In contrast, in metamorphosed animals the lamina orbitonasalis and inferior prenasal process are the only nasal capsule structures present on the oper- ated side. The medial nasal branch of the deep ophthalmic nerve passes forward over the dorsal surface of the lamina orbitonasalis, rather than through an orbitonasal foramen. Comparison with previous experimental work on urodeles supports the traditional homology of the anuran lamina orbitonasalis with the antorbital process of urodeles and other vertebrates. J. Morphol. 238:343-353, 1998. r 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.