cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of CeLu2N@Ih‐C80 through a Non‐Chromatographic, Two‐Step Chemical Process and Crystallographic Characterization of the Pyramidalized CeLu2N within the Icosahedral Cage

Author(s): Stevenson, S; Thompson, HR; Arvola, KD; Ghiassi, KB; Olmstead, MM; Balch, AL | Abstract: © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH a Co. KGaA, Weinheim. By combining two chemical methods of purification, 4mg of purified CeLu2N at C80 was readily isolated from 500mg of carbon soot extract without the use of recycling HPLC, a method which has previously been necessary to obtain pure samples of endohedral fullerenes. In stage1, CeLu2N at C80 was selectively precipitated by virtue of its low first oxidation potential (+0.01V) and the judicious choice of MgCl2 as the Lewis acid precipitant. For stage2, we used a stir and filter approach (SAFA), which employed the electron-rich NH2 groups immobilized on silica gel to selectively bind residual endohedrals and higher cage fullerenes that were contaminants from stage1. Crystallographic analysis of CeLu2N at C80 in the co-crystal CeLu2N at Ih-C80Ni(octaethylporphyrin)2(toluene) reveals that the Ih-C80 cage is present with a pyramidalized CeLu2N unit inside.
THE BURDEN OF UROLOGIC DISEASES IN AMERICA

The authors discuss the Urologic Diseases in America (UDA) project and its contribution to monitoring and improving the quality of urological care.
Bacterial small RNAs in the Genus Rickettsia

Rickettsia species are obligate intracellular Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and the etiologic agents of diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), Mediterranean spotted fever, epidemic typhus, and murine typhus. Genome sequencing revealed that R. prowazekii has ~25 % non-coding DNA, the majority of which is thought to be either “junk DNA” or pseudogenes resulting from genomic reduction. These characteristics also define other Rickettsia genomes. Bacterial small RNAs, whose biogenesis is predominantly attributed to either the intergenic regions (trans-acting) or to the antisense strand of an open reading frame (cis-acting), are now appreciated to be among the most important post-transcriptional regulators of bacterial virulence and growth. We hypothesize that intergenic regions in rickettsial species encode for small, non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) involved in the regulation of its transcriptome, leading to altered virulence and adaptation depending on the host niche. We employed a combination of bioinformatics and in vitro approaches to explore the presence of sRNAs in a number of species within Genus Rickettsia. Using the sRNA Identification Protocol using High-throughput Technology (SIPHT) web interface, we predicted over 1,700 small RNAs present in the intergenic regions of 16 different strains representing 13 rickettsial species. We further characterized novel sRNAs from typhus (R. prowazekii and R. typhi) and spotted fever (R. rickettsii and R. conorii) groups for their promoters and Rho-independent terminators using Bacterial Promoter Prediction Program (BPROM) and TransTermHP prediction algorithms, respectively. Strong σ70 promoters were predicted upstream of all novel small RNAs, indicating the potential for transcriptional activity. Next, we infected human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) with R. prowazekii for 3 h and 24 h and performed Next Generation Sequencing to experimentally validate the expression of 26 sRNA candidates predicted in R. prowazekii. Reverse transcriptase PCR was also used to further verify the expression of six putative novel sRNA candidates in R. prowazekii. Our results yield clear evidence for the expression of novel R. prowazekii sRNA candidates during infection of HMECs. This is the first description of novel small RNAs for a highly pathogenic species of Rickettsia, which should lead to new insights into rickettsial virulence and adaptation mechanisms.
Medieval Modal Systems: Problems and Concepts

(2004). Medieval Modal Systems: Problems and Concepts. Ars Disputandi: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 192-195.
Variation in Susceptibility to Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), among Solanum verrucosum Germplasm Accessions

Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a key pest of potato and the vector of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,” the pathogen associated with zebra chip disease. Development of potato cultivars with genetic resistance to potato psyllid would enable cost-effective control of this pest with reduced use of insecticides. To facilitate the development of resistant cultivars, the objective of our study was to screen germplasm accessions of Solanum verrucosum for resistance to potato psyllid. The susceptibility of S. verrucosum germplasm accessions to potato psyllid was highly variable in choice prescreening assays and no-choice performance assays. Compared with the susceptible potato cultivar, ‘Russet Burbank,’ several S. verrucosum populations exhibited strong resistance to potato psyllid. The S. verrucosum accession, PI 195170 was highly resistant to potato psyllid, and is a potential source of genetic resistance for the development of resistant potato cultivars.
EVALUATION OF SOIL APPLIED INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF CUCUMBER BEETLES ON SUMMER SQUASH, 2002

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil insecticide for management of cucumber beetles on seedling squash. Plots were located on the University of Arkansas Vegetable Station, Kibler, AR. Soil type is Roxanna silt loam. Plots consisted of a single six foot wide bed 35 ft long. Experimental design was RCB with four replications. Black Beauty zucchini squash was planted with a single cone Hege planter on 29 Apr 2002. Seed was placed every 1 ft within each plot. Insecticide treatments applied at planting were applied within the planting furrow with a single TeeJet 8002E nozzle positioned just behind the seed tube and in front of the press wheel. The sprayer was propelled with CO2 and calibrated to deliver 2864 ml per 1,000 row ft at 25 psi (126 ml/15 s). Planter speed was 2 mph or 341 s/1,000 row ft. Additional insecticide treatments were applied when adult cucumber beetles reached the threshold of two per seedling (two unfolded true leaves). Treatments were applied as described for the planting applications with the exception of treatment location which follows. A 1.5-inch wide plow with open bottom was fitted with the single nozzle of the sprayer and run with a Kubota tractor (4th gear at the rate 1900 rpm) approximately 3 inches from one side of the drill line. Depth was approximately 4 inches. Sampling was initiated on 16 May when plants had two true leaves. Five sample areas each 18 inch x 18 inch, were randomly selected along the drill line of each plot. Plants and ground within each of the five areas were searched for dead (inability to walk) striped and spotted cucumber beetles. Also, within each sample area the two cotyledon bottoms of each of two plants were rated for cucumber beetle feeding. Ratings ranged from 0 (no damage) to 5 (completely damaged). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD.
Questions and Discussions

(1922). Questions and Discussions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 343-348.
The impact of the Food Safety and Modernization Act on firm value

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the passage and signing of P.L. 111-353, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), on the market value of agribusiness firms. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct an event study of the shareholder value effects of FSMA. The short-window analyses estimate the three-, five-, and seven-day market responses to three key event dates: passage by the House, passage by the Senate, and the signing of FSMA by President Obama. The long-window analyses examine a time period that encompasses the three informational events, as well as the 30 months after the signing of FSMA. To control for the effects of market-wide fluctuations, the authors use two alternative models of the returns generating process to calculate abnormal returns, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Fama-French three-factor model. Findings – The short-window analyses show no evidence of a significant reaction to the passage of FSMA by the House or the Senate, but...
The Rule of Law

The cardinal precept of civic engagement since the establishment of the earliest English colonies in America is that of a government of laws and not men, in which all are equal before the law. This chapter discusses the implications of presidential immunity for the rule of law and in particular, that the immunity endorsed by the OLC and the proponents creates an exception to the rule of law that is unique to the President, elevating the President above everyone else, contrary to the foundational principle of our civic society.
Measuring Flexibility, Descriptive Complexity, and Rework Potential in Generic System Architectures

A system's architecture defines its flexibility-the ease with which changes to the system's structure may be made. Systems may possess an internal structure that is relatively complex to describe-especially after many changes. In addition, some changes may require several iterations before stakeholders converge on a final design choice. There is currently no unified mathematical theory that captures these factors. We developed metrics for flexibility, descriptive complexity, and rework potential defined on graph-based representations of a system's structure. We applied these metrics to four idealized generic system architectures: Tree-structured hierarchies are easy to describe and require minimal design iteration. However, they permit relatively few changes, unless the underlying architecture itself is changed. Furthermore, each such change adds significant complexity. Grid networks are more flexible than trees, but also more descriptively complex. Grids also require some degree of design iteration between stakeholders. Teams are extremely flexible but the requirement for consensus e.g., due to cognitive limits among humans restricts their size. Layered hierarchies possess moderate flexibility and require fewer iterations than corresponding grids and teams, although they can be difficult to describe succinctly. Our findings suggest that no architecture is ideal under all circumstances; rather, each has strengths and weaknesses that can be exploited in different environments.
ROS in Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease

The hallmark of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in which Ang II induces NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Renovascular hypertension may also induce oscillatory shear stress, which is linked to increased ROS production with consequent oxidative damage. Induction of these signaling cascades leads to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, cell apoptosis, and modification of extracellular matrix, eventuating in endothelial dysfunction, glomerulosclerosis, microvascular rarefaction, and tissue fibrosis. ROS-mediated kidney injury, primarily in the stenotic and also in the contralateral kidney, impair renal function. Intervention with antioxidants has the potential to improve renal function in experimental setting but failed to translate into clinical outcome. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers have showed potential of attenuation of oxidative stress while improving clinical outcome. Stem cells combined with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty has promising results in experimental ARVD and translational studies are urgently needed in this area.
Thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption (desorption) in unoxidized and internally oxidized Pd–Ti alloys

Abstract Hydrogen isotherms have been measured from 273 K to 323 K in solid solution, low Ti content fcc Pd–Ti alloys over H content ranges available up to p H 2 ≈ 0 . 10 MPa. ΔHH and ΔSH have been determined from the H2 isotherms in the dilute phase region as a function of the H content of the alloys. Thermodynamic parameters have been determined for hydride formation and decomposition reactions from the temperature dependence of the plateau pressures. Hysteresis has been determined for the alloys up to Pd0.94Ti0.06; the Pd0.92Ti0.08 alloy does not form a hydride phase at T ≥ 273 K. Alloys were internally oxidized to form composites and the H2 solubilities re-determined. The isotherms indicate H trapping at the Pd/TiO2 interfaces. The enthalpies for H trapping have been determined by reaction calorimetry for the internally oxidized Pd0.98Ti0.02 alloy and the relative partial enthalpies for absorption are quite negative compared to H2 solution in the dilute phase of pure Pd. These results probe the properties of metal/oxide interfaces which are important for a number of technological applications.
A Dual-Modality System for Both Multi-Color Ultrasound-Switchable Fluorescence and Ultrasound Imaging

Simultaneous imaging of multiple targets (SIMT) in opaque biological tissues is an important goal for molecular imaging in the future. Multi-color fluorescence imaging in deep tissues is a promising technology to reach this goal. In this work, we developed a dual-modality imaging system by combining our recently developed ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging technology with the conventional ultrasound (US) B-mode imaging. This dual-modality system can simultaneously image tissue acoustic structure information and multi-color fluorophores in centimeter-deep tissue with comparable spatial resolutions. To conduct USF imaging on the same plane (i.e., x-z plane) as US imaging, we adopted two 90°-crossed ultrasound transducers with an overlapped focal region, while the US transducer (the third one) was positioned at the center of these two USF transducers. Thus, the axial resolution of USF is close to the lateral resolution, which allows a point-by-point USF scanning on the same plane as the US imaging. Both multi-color USF and ultrasound imaging of a tissue phantom were demonstrated.
Silver–Copper Hollow Nanoshells as Phase-Transfer Reagents and Catalysts in the Reduction of 4-Nitroaniline

Cysteine-stabilized Ag–Cu hollow nanoshells are prepared by the coreduction of silver nitrate and cupric nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium thiocyanate. Transmission electron microscopic measurements show that the resulting Ag–Cu nanoshells exhibit a rather uniform size of 57.2 ± 11.9 nm with a shell thickness of 7.9 ± 1.6 nm, and the hollow volume ratio is estimated to be ≈62%. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic studies show that the nanoshells are composed of nanocrystalline Ag and CuO in segregated domains. Consistent results are obtained in X-ray diffraction measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis shows that the elemental composition of the nanoshells is consistent with the initial feed ratio of the metal salt precursors. When capped with 1-dodecanethiol, the hollow nanoshells become dispersible in apolar organic solvents and the cavity may be exploited for the effective phase-transfer of target molecules such as rhodamine 6G between water and organic media. The Ag–Cu nanoshells also show apparent catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitroaniline by sodium borohydride, a performance that is markedly better than that of the solid counterparts and comparable to leading results in recent literature based on relevant metal catalysts.
Smart University: Literature Review and Creative Analysis

Research, design, and development of smart universities, smart education, smart classrooms, smart learning environments, smart pedagogy, smart learning and academic analytics, and related topics became the main themes of various pioneering international and national events and projects, governmental and corporate initiatives, institutional agendas, and strategic plans. This paper presents the outcomes of an ongoing project aimed at a systematic literature review and creative analysis of professional publications available in those areas. The premise is that the outcomes of the performed systematic creative analysis will enable researchers to identify the most effective and well-thought ideas, approaches, developed software and hardware systems, technical platforms, smart features and smartness levels, and best practices for the next evolutionary generation of a university—a smart university. The presented Smart Maturity Model can be viewed as an evolutionary approach for a traditional university to progress to various levels of maturity of smart university.
The Emerging Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Metastasis

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. PLK1 is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, and its expression level often correlates with increased cellular proliferation and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It has been suggested that PLK1 controls cancer development through multiple mechanisms that include canonical regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis, modulation of DNA replication, and cell survival. However, emerging evidence suggests novel and previously unanticipated roles for PLK1 during tumor development. In this review, we will summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of the oncogenic functions of PLK1, with a focus on its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of these functions.
In Her Own Words: The Personal Perspectives of Mina Rees

Mathematician Mina S. Rees (1902–1997) broke many barriers during her long and varied career. Known for being a strong and dedicated leader, she was also an insightful and compassionate educator. She wore many hats over the years, all of them traditionally male: mathematics professor, college dean, college president, second in command of a war-time research panel, deputy science director of the Office of Naval Research, pioneer in early computing. Significantly, she was the first female president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She accomplished all this with personal strength and integrity. Though she was outspoken when it came to research and education, she rarely spoke of her personal life. In this chapter, we will explore her amazing career, laying special focus on her personal journey. Rees wrote a “Biographical Letter” in the AWM Newsletter in 1970 and gave several interviews in which she did share several personal stories. These stories, along with other personal comments she made over the years, will guide our look at the groundbreaking career of a remarkable woman. Many of her sentiments are still relevant today as education strives to service an ever-diversifying student body.
Open Catheter Drainage after Urethral Surgery

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 100 patients, each managed by an intubated urinary diversion after undergoing repair of hypospadias and/or chordee or for a complication of previous urethral surgery, was performed to determine whether there was any difference in the incidence of postoperative urinary infection relative to the technique of catheter drainage (closed or open). In group 1 (50 patients) a traditional closed urinary drainage system was used, while in group 2 (50 patients) an open drainage system into doubled diapers was used. No significant difference in occurrence of urinary tract infections could be identified. Urinary infections occurred equally (24 per cent) in each group regardless of whether antibiotics were used postoperatively.Our results suggest that open urinary drainage using the double diaper technique is a safe and effective method of short-term catheter management after pediatric urethral surgery. This technique is comfortable for the patient, and is easy for parents to underst...
The Inverse Problem in Materials Characterization through Ultrasonic Attenuation and Velocity Measurements

The inverse problem in materials characterization is most often skipped over in favor of a correlation because the inverse problem is so difficult and the correlation is only tedious, not hard. In this talk the basic difficulty in the inverse problem field will be illustrated by two examples: finding grain size in metals when ultrasonic attenuation is measured, and finding graphite shape in cast iron when ultrasonic velocity is measured.
Metabolite profiling and identification of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of mitragynine, the major alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom)

1. Mitragynine is the major indole-based alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom). Decoctions (teas) of the plant leaves have been used traditionally for cough, diarrhoea, pain, hypertension and for the treatment of opioid addiction. In the West, kratom has become increasingly utilized for mood elevation, pain treatment and as a means of self-treating opioid addiction. 2. Metabolic pathways of mitragynine were identified in human liver microsomes (HLM) and S9 fractions. A total of thirteen metabolites were identified, four oxidative metabolites and a metabolite formed by demethylation at the 9-methoxy group were the major metabolites of mitragynine. 3. The cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of mitragynine were identified using selective chemical inhibitors of HLM and recombinant cytochrome P450. The metabolism of mitragynine was predominantly carried out through the CYP3A4 with minor contributions by CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. The formation of five oxidative metabolites (Met2, Met4, Met6, Met8 and Met11) was catalyzed by the CYP3A4. 4. In summary, mitragynine was extensively metabolized in HLM primarily to O-demethylated and mono-oxidative metabolites. The CYP3A4 enzyme plays a predominant role in the metabolic clearance of mitragynine and also in the formation of 7-hydroxymitragynine (Met2), a known active minor alkaloid identified in the leaf material.
Conceptualizations of dissociation and somatization in literature on chronic pelvic pain in women: A scoping review

Abstract Introduction A history of trauma and related symptoms, notably dissociation, are prevalent among women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). High levels of comorbidity exist between CPP and psychiatric conditions associated with trauma. While CPP requires the expenditure of substantial medical resources, it is often considered treatment-resistant, particularly in cases with high levels of comorbidity. Dissociation, a common symptom of trauma, has been linked to numerous adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, research on dissociation is hindered by conceptual unclarity surrounding the term. Conceptual issues include concerns over the emphasis on psychological over somatoform dissociation and the subsequent failure of modern diagnostic systems to consider potentially dissociative nature of some somatization disorders. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to gain insight into how dissociation and somatization are conceptualized in the peer-reviewed literature on women with traumatic histories who were diagnosed with CPP. Method All qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed studies providing outcome data for women diagnosed with CPP who have a history of trauma published between 1980 - March, 2018 were included. Nine articles met inclusion criteria. Results Three studies explicitly conceptualized dissociation, and only two of these assessed patients for psychological and somatoform dissociation. Five studies measured somatization without considering the role of dissociation. Conclusion This study reveals that conceptual unclarity regarding dissociation and somatization exists in the peer-reviewed literature on traumatized women with CPP. A recommended protocol meant to enhance conceptual clarity is provided for future authors.
Environmental gradients determine the potential for ecosystem engineering effects

Author(s): Grinath, JB; Larios, L; Prugh, LR; Brashares, JS; Suding, KN | Abstract: Understanding processes that determine biodiversity is a fundamental challenge in ecology. At the landscape scale, physical alteration of ecosystems by organisms, called ecosystem engineering, enhances biodiversity worldwide by increasing heterogeneity in resource conditions and enhancing species coexistence across engineered and non-engineered habitats. Engineering–diversity relationships can vary along environmental gradients due to changes in the amount of physical structuring created by ecosystem engineering, but it is unclear how this variation is influenced by the responsiveness of non-structural abiotic properties to engineering. Here we show that environmental gradients determine the capacity for engineering to alter resource availability and species diversity, independent of the magnitude of structural change produced by engineering. We created an experimental rainfall gradient in an arid grassland where rodents restructure soils by constructing large, long-lasting burrows. We found that greater rainfall increased water availability and productivity in both burrow and inter-burrow habitats, causing a decline in local (alpha) plant diversity within both of these habitats. However, increased rainfall also resulted in greater differences in soil resources between burrow and inter-burrow habitats, which increased species turnover (beta diversity) across habitats and stabilized landscape-level (gamma) diversity. These responses occurred regardless of rodent presence and without changes in the extent of physical alteration of soils by rodents. Our results suggest that environmental gradients can influence the effects of ecosystem engineering in maintaining biodiversity via resource heterogeneity and species turnover. In an era of rapid environmental change, accounting for this interaction may be critical to conservation and management.
Parity anomaly from the Hamiltonian point of view

We review the parity anomaly of the massless Dirac fermion in $2+1$ dimensions from the Hamiltonian, as opposed to the path integral, point of view. We have two main goals for this paper. First, we hope to make the parity anomaly more accessible to condensed matter physicists, who generally prefer to work within the Hamiltonian formalism. The parity anomaly plays an important role in modern condensed matter physics, as the massless Dirac fermion is the surface theory of the time-reversal invariant topological insulator (TI) in $3+1$ dimensions. Our second goal is to clarify the relation between the time-reversal symmetry of the massless Dirac fermion and the fractional charge of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\frac{1}{2}$ (in units of $e$) that appears on the surface of the TI when a magnetic monopole is present in the bulk. To accomplish these goals we study the Dirac fermion in the Hamiltonian formalism using two different regularization schemes. One scheme is consistent with the time-reversal symmetry of the massless Dirac fermion, but leads to the aforementioned fractional charge. The second scheme does not lead to any fractionalization, but it does break time-reversal symmetry. For both regularization schemes we also compute the effective action ${S}_{\text{eff}}[A]$ that encodes the response of the Dirac fermion to a background electromagnetic field $A$. We find that the two effective actions differ by a Chern-Simons counterterm with fractional level equal to $\frac{1}{2}$, as is expected from path-integral treatments of the parity anomaly. Finally, we propose the study of a bosonic analog of the parity anomaly as a topic for future work.
The Effectiveness of Interactivity in Improving Mediating Variables, Behaviors and Outcomes of Web-Based Health Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review

Despite the increasing amount of research investigating health interventions that applies to interactive computer technology, the effect sizes in Cohen's d obtained across these studies range from -0.32 to 1.74. The lack of systematic review of interactive health interventions leaves their overall effectiveness unknown. To address this, a meta-analysis of 67 studies examining the effects of web-based interactive health interventions was conducted. Results indicated that web-based interactive health interventions were effective in general, but the effects were moderated by health topic, theoretical framework, and design of treatment and control groups. The unique advantage of interactivity was small but significant when comparing to health interventions with comparable information in non-interactive version. Theoretical and practical implications of findings were discussed.
Opioids affect the fetal brain: reframing the detoxification debate.

Medication-assisted treatment is recommended for individuals with an opioid use disorder, including pregnant women. Medication-assisted treatment during pregnancy provides benefits to the mother and fetus, including better pregnancy outcomes, reduced illicit drug use, and improved prenatal care. An alternative approach, medically supervised withdrawal (detoxification), has, in recent reports, demonstrated a low risk of fetal death and low rates of relapse and neonatal abstinence syndrome. The rates of relapse and neonatal abstinence syndrome are questioned by many who view medically supervised withdrawal as unacceptable based on the concern for the potential adverse consequences of relapse to mother and baby. The impact of opioids on the fetal brain have not been integrated into this debate. Studies in animals and human brain tissues demonstrate opioid receptors in neurons, astroglia, and oligodendrocytes. Age-specific normative data from infants, children, and adults have facilitated investigation of the impact of opioids on the human brain in vivo. Collectively, these studies in animals, human neural tissue, adult brains, and the brains of children and newborns demonstrate that opioids adversely affect the human brain, primarily the developing oligodendrocyte and the processes of myelinization (white matter microstructure), connectivity between parts of the brain, and the size of multiple brain regions, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar white matter. These in vivo studies across the human lifespan suggest vulnerability of specific fronto–temporal–limbic and frontal–subcortical (basal ganglia and cerebellum) pathways that are also likely vulnerable in the human fetal brain. The long-term impact of these reproducible changes in the fetal brain in vivo is unclear, but the possibility of lasting injury has been suggested. In light of the recent data on medically supervised withdrawal and the emerging evidence suggesting adverse effects of opioids on the developing fetal brain, a new paradigm of care is needed that includes the preferred option of medication-assisted treatment but also the option of medically supervised opioid withdrawal for a select group of women. Both these treatment options should offer mental health and social services support throughout pregnancy. More research on both opioid exposure on the developing human brain and the impact of medically supervised withdrawal is required to identify appropriate candidates, optimal dose reduction regimens, and gestational age timing for initiating medically supervised withdrawal.
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Review.

Description The purpose of this clinical practice update is to define key principles in the surveillance of hepatobiliary cancers including cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods The recommendations outlined in this expert review are based on available published evidence including observational studies and systematic reviews, and incorporates expert opinion where applicable. Best practice advice 1 Surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer should be considered in all adult patients with PSC regardless of disease stage, especially in the first year after diagnosis and in patients with ulcerative colitis and those diagnosed at an older age. Best practice advice 2 Surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer should include imaging by ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, with or without serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, every 6 to 12 months Best practice advice 3 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology should not be used routinely for surveillance of cholangiocarcinomas in PSC. Best practice advice 4 Cholangiocarcinomas should be investigated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology with or without fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and/or cholangioscopy in PSC patients with worsening clinical symptoms, worsening cholestasis, or a dominant stricture. Best practice advice 5 Fine-needle aspiration of perihilar biliary strictures should be used with caution in PSC patients considered to be liver transplant candidates because of concerns for tumor seeding if the lesion is a cholangiocarcinoma. Best practice advice 6 Surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma should not be performed in PSC patients with small-duct PSCs or those younger than age 20. Best practice advice 7 The decision to perform a cholecystectomy in PSC patients with a gallbladder polyp should be based on the size and growth of the polyp, as well as the clinical status of the patient, with the knowledge of the increased risk of gallbladder cancer in polyps greater than 8 mm. Best practice advice 8 Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in PSC patients with cirrhosis should include ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, with or without α-fetoprotein every 6 months.
The Digital Sensorium: Considering the Senses in Website Design

Abstract Sensory experience is gaining attention in rhetorical studies and has become an important feature of many digital environments. In this article, I argue that students and instructors can benefit from a developed and strategic understanding of the available means of sensory communication in the Web interface. To help them conceptualize these available means and create effective websites, I provide a planning heuristic for thinking through the digital sensorium in Web composition. In the first phase of this heuristic, I describe the importance of considering basic rhetorical issues relevant to design tasks. In the second phase, I encourage students and instructors to think through interactivity and agency so that they can maximize their design in ways specific to site goals. Finally, I provide groundwork for determining which sensory interface objects may be most productive. I ground my heuristic in a discussion of sensory design inside the field of digital rhetoric and provide examples to illustrate how the heuristic can function in context.
Research and instruction services for online advanced practice nursing programs: a survey of North American academic librarians

Introduction: The increasing popularity of distance education has led many advanced practice nursing (APN) programs to shift to either online or hybrid models. To meet the needs of these students, some nursing librarians are using technology for virtual research and instruction. This study was designed to assess the extent to which librarians in North America are providing virtual research and instruction services for APN students. Methods: An institutional review board–approved, ten-question survey was developed to determine how librarians are providing services for APN students. It was announced in October 2017 through several health sciences librarian email discussion lists. The survey ran for four weeks. Data were analyzed using Qualtrics and Excel. Results: Eighty complete responses were received. The majority of respondents (66%) indicated that their universities’ APN programs were conducted in a hybrid format. Sixty-seven percent also indicated that they provide library instruction in person. Most librarians indicated that they have provided research assistance through some virtual method (phone or email, at 90% and 97%, respectively), and some have used online chat (42%) and video chat (35%). A strong majority of librarians (96%) indicated that they felt comfortable using technology to provide research assistance and instruction. Conclusion: Opportunities exist to leverage technology to provide virtual research assistance and instruction. Greater promotion of these alternative methods can supplement traditional in-person services to provide greater flexibility for graduate nursing students’ busy schedules. Some outreach may be necessary to highlight the advantages of virtual services, and further research is needed to identify other barriers and potential solutions.
The Association Between the Affordable Care Act and Insurance Status, Stage and Treatment in Patients with Testicular Cancer.

AbstractIntroduction:We determined whether insurance expansions implemented through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act were associated with changes in coverage status, disease stage and...
Self-Assembly of Block Heterochiral Peptides into Helical Tapes.

Patterned substitution of d-amino acids into the primary sequences of self-assembling peptides influences molecular-level packing and supramolecular morphology. We report that block heterochiral an...
Mycielski Graphs and PR Proofs

Mycielski graphs are a family of triangle-free graphs \(M_k\) with arbitrarily high chromatic number. \(M_k\) has chromatic number k and there is a short informal proof of this fact, yet finding proofs of it via automated reasoning techniques has proved to be a challenging task. In this paper, we study the complexity of clausal proofs of the uncolorability of \(M_k\) with \(k-1\) colors. In particular, we consider variants of the \(\mathrm {PR}\) (propagation redundancy) proof system that are without new variables, and with or without deletion. These proof systems are of interest due to their potential uses for proof search. As our main result, we present a sublinear-length and constant-width \(\mathrm {PR}\) proof without new variables or deletion. We also implement a proof generator and verify the correctness of our proof. Furthermore, we consider formulas extended with clauses from the proof until a short resolution proof exists, and investigate the performance of CDCL in finding the short proof. This turns out to be difficult for CDCL with the standard heuristics. Finally, we describe an approach inspired by SAT sweeping to find proofs of these extended formulas.
Preventing and Treating Dental Implant Complications from Drugs Known to Cause Osteonecrosis of the Jaws

The prevention and management of Drug Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (DIONJ) is different from the osteoporosis patient compared to the metastatic cancer patient.
Werkgruppe IX: Einzelarien und Szenen mit Orchester

Arie »Almen se non poss'io« in F-Dur fur Sopran, 2 Oboen, 2 Horner, 2 Violinen, Viola, Bass.
HNO to NO Conversion Mechanism with Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase, Comparison with Heme Protein Mediated Conversions, and the Origin of Questionable Reversibility.

The interconversion of NO and HNO, via copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), is important in biomedicine and for HNO detection. Many mechanistic questions, including the decades-long debate on reversibility, were resolved in this work. Calculations of various active-site and full-protein models show that the basic mechanism is proton-coupled electron transfer with a computed barrier of 10.98 kcal mol-1 , which is in excellent agreement with experimental results (10.62 kcal mol-1 ), and this nonheme protein-mediated reaction has many significant mechanistic differences compared with the conversions mediated by heme proteins due to geometric and electronic factors. The reasons for the irreversible nature of this conversion and models with the first thermodynamically favorable and kinetically feasible mechanism for the experimental reverse reaction were discovered. Such results are the first for nonheme enzyme mediated HNO to NO conversions, which shall facilitate other related studies and HNO probe development.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for variable selection consistency of the LASSO in high dimensions

This paper investigates conditions for variable selection consistency of the LASSO in high dimensional regression models and gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the same, potentially allowing the model dimension p to grow arbitrarily fast as a function of the sample size n. These conditions require both upper and lower bounds on the growth rate of the penalty parameter. It turns out that a variant of the irrepresentable Condition (IRC) of (J. Mach. Learn. Res. 7 (2006) 2541–2563), herein called the lower irrepresentable Condition (or LIRC), is determined by the lower bound considerations while the upper bound considerations lead to a new condition, called the upper irrepresentable Condition (or UIRC) in this paper. It is shown that the LIRC together with the UIRC is necessary and sufficient for the variable selection consistency of the LASSO, thereby settling a conjecture of (J. Mach. Learn. Res. 7 (2006) 2541–2563). Further, it is shown that under some mild regularity conditions, the penalty parameter must necessarily tend to infinity at a certain minimal rate to ensure variable selection consistency of the LASSO and that the corresponding LASSO estimators of the nonzero regression parameters cannot be n-consistent (even for individual parameters). Thus, under fairly general conditions, the LASSO with a single choice of the penalty parameter cannot achieve both variable selection consistency and n-consistency simultaneously.
Adaptation and implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist around the world.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist in 2015, which included the key evidence-based practices to prevent the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality during childbirth. We assessed the current use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) and adaptations regarding the SCC tool and implementation strategies in different contexts from Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe, and North America. This explanatory, sequential mixed methods study—including surveys followed by interviews—of global SCC implementers focused on adaptation and implementation strategies, data collection, and desired improvements to support ongoing SCC use. We analyzed the survey results using descriptive statistics. In a subset of respondents, follow-up virtual semi-structured interviews explored how they adapted, implemented, and evaluated the SCC in their context. We used rapid inductive and deductive thematic analysis for the interviews. Of the 483 total potential participants, 65 (13.5%) responded to the survey; 55 completed the survey (11.4%). We analyzed completed responses from those who identified as having SCC implementation experience (n = 29, 52.7%). Twelve interviews were conducted and analyzed. Ninety percent of respondents indicated that they adapted the SCC tool, including adding clinical and operational items. Adaptations to structure included translation into local language, incorporation into a mobile app, and integration into medical records. Respondents reported variation in implementation strategies and data collection. The most common implementation strategies were meeting with stakeholders to secure buy-in, incorporating technical training, and providing supportive supervision or coaching around SCC use. Desired improvements included clarifying the purpose of the SCC, adding guidance on relevant clinical topics, refining items addressing behaviors with low adherence, and integrating contextual factors into decision-making. To improve implementation, participants desired political support to embed SCC into existing policies and ongoing clinical training and coaching. Additional adaptation and implementation guidance for the SCC would be helpful for stakeholders to sustain effective implementation.
Fire and Flood Vulnerability, and Implications for Evacuation

Vulnerability to fire and floods is ever increasing, placing people and communities at great risk. Climate change, drought, overgrown vegetation, and naturally prevailing weather conditions make coastal regions in southern California a prime example of this susceptibility, particularly at or near the urban-wildland interface. The recent Thomas Fire in December of 2017 and subsequent flooding and mudslides in Montecito in January of 2018 highlight what coastal vulnerability means under the new normal of multifaceted risk. This chapter discusses unique fire and flooding hazards along with local weather conditions that contribute to vulnerability. We then detail geo-spatial technologies to assess, model, and predict risks as well as methods to mediate vulnerabilities. Of particular focus here is the role of evacuation, and how redundant alerting systems are critical.
Outcome Differences Between Direct Admissions to the PICU From ED and Escalations From Floor.

OBJECTIVES To compare the outcomes (mortality and ICU length of stay) of patients with direct admissions to the PICU from the emergency department [ED]) versus as an escalation of care from the floor. METHODS A retrospective cohort study with a secondary analysis of registry data. Patient demographics and outcome variables collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were obtained from the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. Patients with a source of admission other than the hospital’s ED or pediatric floor were excluded. Multivariable regression analysis controlling for age groups, sex, race, diagnostic categories, and severity of illness (Pediatric Index of Mortality III), with clustering for sites, was performed. RESULTS A total of 209 695 patients from 121 sites were included in the analysis. A total of 154 716 (73.7%) were admitted directly from the ED, and 54 979 were admitted (26.2%) as an escalation of care from the floor. Two groups differed in age and race distribution, medical complexity, diagnostic categories, and severity of illness. After controlling for measured confounders, patients with floor escalations had higher mortality (2.78% vs 1.95%; P CONCLUSIONS Compared with direct admissions to the PICU from the ED, patients who were initially triaged to the pediatric floor and then require escalation to the PICU have worse outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the potential causes of this difference.
The Example of America

In this essay, I focus on one of the most egregious of all abuses - the policies and practices of the Bush years that put into doubt the American commitment to prohibiting torture. This prohibition is embodied in a number of international instruments, most notably the 1984 Convention Against Torture and the criminal statute that we enacted to implement that treaty. Yet it is important to understand, so that we can be clear about the magnitude of the wrong, that the rule against torture did not await the arrival of the 1984 Convention and its implementing statute; it is rooted in the Constitution itself.