cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of ultrasonic treatment combined with different irrigations on cleaning of post space

Objective: To evaluate the smear layer elimination capability of ultrasonic treatment combined with different irrigations.Methods: 30 single-rooted caries-free teeth were divided into 6 groups on the basis of the irrigation regimen after post space preparation. A: Irrigation with distilled water by irrigating needle( control); B: Irrigation with 5. 25% NaClO by irrigating needle; C: Treated with GlydeTMFile Prep followed by irrigating needle; A1: Irrigation with distilled water by Ultrasonic treatment; B1: Irrigation with5. 25% NaClO by Ultrasonic treatment; C1: Treated with 17% EDTA gelatum followed by ultrasonic treatment. Then,the post space of all the teeth were irrigated by distilled water. After irrigation,roots were separated into 3 thirds and observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy( FE-SEM) at 3 000 × magnification. The effectiveness was evaluated by Berg classification. Results: After treatment the Berg grade in group A and A1 were Ⅳ-Ⅴ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ,in group B and B1 were Ⅲ-Ⅳ and Ⅰ-Ⅲ,in group C and C1 Ⅱ-Ⅳand Ⅰ,respectively. The Berg grade in coronal part was higher than in the middle and apical parts in group A,B,C,A1 and B1.Conclusion: Irrigation with different medicine by ultrasonic treatment can eliminate the smear more effectively. The effect in cervical thirds is more effective than in the apical thirds.
Bilateral sequential Propionibacterium acnes exogenous endophthalmitis

A 68-year-old man underwent uncomplicated sequential cataract extractions performed more than a year apart. He presented 6 months after the second surgery with persistent intraocular inflammation in both eyes. Cultures from both eyes grew Propionibacterium acnes and he responded well to treatment. Suspicion for delayed-onset post-operative endophthalmitis must remain high in uveitis cases that fail to resolve with anti-inflammatory treatments. The authors believe this is the first reported case of bilateral sequential P. acnes exogenous endophthalmitis.
A rechargeable non-aqueous Mg-Br2 battery

Abstract Owing to its low cost and high volumetric capacity, Mg is a promising anode material for energy storage applications. Previous research has identified the cathode chemistry as a major challenge that must be addressed for further development of Mg-based batteries. In response to this challenge, here we show Br2-based conversion chemistry is a potential route toward rechargeable Mg-batteries. Compared with Mg-ion or Mg-air chemistries, the Mg-Br2 system features fast kinetics and good cyclability. To solve the issues of poor electrolyte stability, a non-aqueous, dual-electrolyte scheme was employed for this proof-of-concept demonstration. The anolyte consisted of Mg(TFSI)2 dissolved in a monoglyme and diglyme mixture. The catholyte was composed of Mg(TFSI)2 in PYR14TFSI ionic liquid mixed with active bromine species. When Mg was used as the anode, an open circuit voltage of 3.0 V (vs. Mg2+/Mg) was measured. The prototypical cell was successfully discharged and charged for over 20 cycles with consistently high coulombic efficiencies (ca. 96%).
Filiae Augustorum: The Ties That Bind in the Antonine Age

While the titles of imperial family members on Roman coins have been used to establish chronology, I argue that the specific titulature on the coins of Faustina II and Lucilla promotes their roles as the ties among three emperors. Though other scholars have commented on their basic roles, crucial evidence for how the Antonines promoted the roles of these women has been overlooked. By highlighting this intentional language compared to coins of prior imperial women, I show that Faustina and Lucilla not only represented the continuing harmony of the empire during the Antonine Age but also legitimated the rule of their husbands.
Structure–property reduced order model for viscosity prediction in single-component CO2-binding organic liquids

CO2 capture from power generation with aqueous solvents remains energy intensive due to the high water content of the current technology, or the high viscosity of non-aqueous alternatives. Quantitative reduced models, connecting molecular structure to bulk properties, are key for developing structure–property relationships that enable molecular design. In this work, we describe such a model that quantitatively predicts viscosities of CO2 binding organic liquids (CO2BOLs) based solely on molecular structure and the amount of bound CO2. The functional form of the model correlates the viscosity with the CO2 loading and an electrostatic term describing the charge distribution between the CO2-bearing functional group and the proton-receiving amine. Molecular simulations identify the proton shuttle between these groups within the same molecule to be the critical indicator of low viscosity. The model, developed to allow for quick screening of solvent libraries, paves the way towards the rational design of low viscosity water-lean solvent systems for post-combustion CO2 capture. Following these theoretical recommendations, synthetic efforts of promising candidates and viscosity measurement provide experimental validation and verification.
American Reflections on the Engagement with China and Responses to President Xi’s New Model of Major Power Relations

AbstractThis article investigates US responses to President Xi Jinping’s new model of major power relations in the context of American reflections on the engagement policy toward China. It argues that while the Obama administration endorsed the goal of avoiding confrontation between the two countries, it disagreed about how to reach the goal. Facing pressure to stand up against China due to the perceived failure of engagement policy, the administration became increasingly frank on the competition with China. The Sino-US strategic mistrust intensified and the chances of mishaps triggering an escalation increased when President Obama turned the presidency to Donald Trump.
Therapeutic Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Tissue Factor Expression In Vivo by Nitric Oxide and Arginine in Sickle Transgenic Mice.

Sickle cell anemia is accompanied by biochemical activation of the coagulation system and by clinical thromboses. Therefore, we have focused on the expression of tissue factor (TF), the trigger of the coagulation system, in this disease. Previous studies from our laboratories described abnormal TF expression by monocytes and by circulating endothelial cells in human sickle blood. More recently, we reported (Blood104:840, 2004) that severe-phenotype (BERK) sickle mice abnormally express TF on pulmonary vein endothelium; mild-phenotype (NY1DD) sickle mice are normal in this regard but assume the abnormal phenotype after exposure to hypoxia (3 hr at 8% O2) followed by reoxygenation for 18 hr at ambient air (H/R). Monitoring the % of pulmonary veins positive for TF on triple stained tissue sections (for nuclei, for murine TF, for murine CD31 to identify endothelial cells), we have now evaluated the role of NO in TF expression, employing these two models. In the NY1DD H/R model, NO inhalation (34 ppm) administered during the entire reoxygenation period led to 68±18% reduction (P via NO biology. These results suggest that NO biology determines endothelial TF expression in vivo in sickle mice. We note that NO is reported to suppress endothelial TF expression in vitro. We find that sickle mice have elevated plasma free Hb levels (increased by 40% in NY1DD mice and 57% in BERK mice), a risk factor for diminished NO bioavailability. On the other hand, H/R in NY1DD mice is not associated with a further increase in free plasma Hb. So it seems that the NO biology of sickle mice is not simply explained by plasma Hb. NO biology seems to exert a major role in regulating endothelial TF expression in the sickle mouse. Long-term NO modulating therapy, such as dietary arginine or lovastatin, may be beneficial in terms of the coagulopathy and thrombosis risk of sickle patients and should be tested with this in mind.
Single and combined effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in a mouse model of chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain

Background and Purpose It has been suggested that the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) can impact the pharmacological effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We tested the hypothesis that CBD and THC would significantly mitigate mechanical sensitivity in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, and that CBD+THC combinations would produce synergistic effects. We also tested the hypothesis that CBD would attenuate oxaliplatin- and vincristine- induced mechanical sensitivity. Experimental Approach Paclitaxel-treated mice (8.0 mg/kg IP, days 1, 3, 5 and 7) were pretreated with CBD (0.625 – 20.0 mg/kg IP), THC (0.625 – 20.0 mg/kg IP) or CBD+THC (0.04+0.04 – 20.0+20.0 mg/kg IP) and mechanical sensitivity was assessed on days 9, 14, and 21. Oxaliplatin-treated (6.0 mg/kg IP, day 1) or vincristine-treated mice (0.1 mg/kg IP days 1-7) were pretreated with CBD (1.25 - 10.0 mg/kg IP), THC (10.0 mg/kg IP), or THC+CBD (0.16 mg/kg THC + 0.16 mg/kg CBD IP). Key results Both CBD and THC alone attenuated mechanical allodynia in mice treated with paclitaxel. Very low ineffective doses of CBD and THC were synergistic when given in combination. CBD also attenuated oxaliplatin- but not vincristine-induced mechanical sensitivity, while THC significantly attenuated vincristine- but not oxaliplatin-induced mechanical sensitivity. The low dose combination significantly attenuated oxaliplatin- but not vincristine-induced mechanical sensitivity. Conclusions and Implications CBD may be potent and effective at preventing the development of CIPN, and its clinical utility may be enhanced by co-administration of low doses of THC. These treatment strategies would increase the therapeutic window of Cannabis-based pharmacotherapies
Diagnosis and operative management of a perforated de Garengeot hernia.

Abstract Introduction A de Garengeot hernia, a femoral hernia containing the appendix, is a difficult diagnosis often made intra-operatively when the hernia sac is opened. It is a rare finding, and complications are more frequent with a de Garengeot hernia. Presentation of case A 92 year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of abdominal pain. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a hernia anterior to the inguinal ligament without strangulation. Two weeks later the patient returned to the ED with worsening abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Repeat CT scan demonstrated a 7 × 4 cm complex fluid collection in the right inguinal region, and the patient was taken to the operating room for exploration. The hernia sac was entered and found to contain the appendix with evidence of distal perforation. The appendix was taken out, and the hernia defect was repaired. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Discussion Femoral hernias have a high risk of incarceration due to the tightness of the femoral canal (Talini et al. 2015 [4]). Due to anatomic location of the appendix, de Garengeot hernias are most often seen on the right. Incarceration of the appendix is a clear etiology for appendicitis secondary to ischemia. Conclusion Full preoperative workup for a femoral hernia often fails to diagnose the presence of the appendix within the hernia. It is important to have a high clinical suspicion for a de Garengeot’s hernia in patients with incarcerated or strangulated right femoral hernias.
Rate and Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Among 36,494 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties.

Abstract Background As periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can have tremendous health and socioeconomic implications, recognizing patients at risk before surgery is of great importance. Therefore, we sought to determine the rate of and risk factors for deep PJI in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Clinical characteristics of patients treated with primary THA between January 1999 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. These included patient demographics, comorbidities (including the Charlson/Deyo comorbidity index), length of stay, primary diagnosis, total/allogeneic transfusion rate, and in-hospital complications, which were grouped into local and systemic (minor and major). We determined the overall deep PJI rate, as well as the rates for early-onset (occurring within 2 years after index surgery) and late-onset PJI (occurring more than 2 years after surgery). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to identify risk factors for developing deep PJI. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results A deep PJI developed in 154 of 36,494 primary THAs (0.4%) during the study period. Early onset PJI was found in 122 patients (0.3%), whereas late PJI occurred in 32 patients (0.1%). Obesity, coronary artery disease, and pulmonary hypertension were identified as independent risk factors for deep PJI after primary THA. Conclusion The rate of deep PJIs of the hip is relatively low, with the majority occurring within 2 years after THA. If the optimization of modifiable risk factors before THA can reduce the rate of this complication remains unknown, but should be attempted as part of good practice.
Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists on paracellular width and fluid flow across outflow pathway cells.

Purpose To determine whether the adrenergic agonists epinephrine and isoproterenol regulate fluid flow across endothelial cells cultured from the human aqueous outflow pathway and to evaluate associated cellular mechanisms. Methods Confluent monolayers of human trabecular meshwork (TM) or Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells were grown on porous filter supports. The monolayers were perfused with media while fluid flow, expressed as hydraulic conductivity (HC = microl/min/mm Hg/cm2), was continuously measured in preparations treated with isoproterenol, epinephrine, or control medium. Morphometric ultrastructural methods were used to measure the area occupied by the intercellular space and by each cell. Results SCE cells and TM cells exposed to isoproterenol or epinephrine responded with an increase in transendothelial fluid flow. Dose-response curves for both adrenergic agonists showed that HC increased linearly as a function of the log of the isoproterenol and epinephrine concentration. At 10(-4) M isoproterenol, the HC increased threefold, and threshold conditions were reached at 10(-9) M. The increase in HC was apparent after isoproterenol had been applied for 1 hour, reached a peak in 3 to 4 hours, and declined gradually to return to baseline conditions in 10 to 12 hours. Morphometric analyses showed that the area occupied by the intercellular space increased fourfold when isoproterenol was used at 10(-4) M, whereas the cell area decreased as a function of the concentration of adrenergic agonist. Epinephrine's effects on HC and cell morphology were blocked by pretreatment with equimolar concentrations of the nonselective beta-blocker, timolol. Conclusions Epinephrine and isoproterenol increase flow through the paracellular pathway of SCE and TM cells through a beta-receptor mediated response that widens the intercellular space and reduces cell area. These findings support the hypothesis that epinephrine decreases the intraocular pressure in glaucoma therapy by promoting fluid flow across the SCE and TM cells lining tissues of the major aqueous outflow pathway.
Stress distribution around an ovaloid hole under arbitrary concentrated force

A direct approach, based on the complex variable method of Muskhelishvili, to the concentrated force problem in plane elasticity is presented. The method may, in general, be extended to arbitrarily shaped openings that can be mapped conformally on a unit circle by means of polynomials to any desired degree of accuracy. Considered in detail is a closed form solution for the stress distribution around an opening in the shape of an ovaloid in an infinite plate. The concentrated forces are applied in an arbitrary manner to the boundary of the ovaloid. By varying the parameters in the mapping functions, holes of other shapes of practical interest are also treated. They include the circle, ellipse, crack and square with round corners. Results are given to some new problems and they are verified, in certain special cases, with those obtained by previous authors.
[23] Probing structure of neurotransmitter transporters by substituted-cysteine accessibility method

Publisher Summary Neurotransmitter reuptake by transport proteins is a major mechanism for terminating synaptic transmission. These transporters operate by coupling the net electrochemical gradient for sodium, chloride, and neurotransmitter to the transmembrane translocation of these substrates. Such a transporter must contain a water-accessible transport pathway lined by residues from the membrane-spanning segments. Neurotransmitter, sodium, and chloride must bind to specific sites within this pathway and cause a conformational change that alters the exposure of the bound substrates from the extracellular milieu to the intracellular milieu and reduces their binding affinity to facilitate intracellular release. Although the transport pathway bears some functional resemblance to an ion channel, the transporter gating mechanism must be considerably more complex. Likewise, the presence of binding sites for neurotransmitter and ions in membrane-spanning segments is reminiscent of the G-protein-coupled receptors but substrate translocation requires a mechanism by which structural changes in the transporter alter the exposure of the binding sites and their affinities. Substituted-cysteine accessibility method is described in the chapter.
Web of microbes (WoM): a curated microbial exometabolomics database for linking chemistry and microbes.

As microbiome research becomes increasingly prevalent in the fields of human health, agriculture and biotechnology, there exists a need for a resource to better link organisms and environmental chemistries. Exometabolomics experiments now provide assertions of the metabolites present within specific environments and how the production and depletion of metabolites is linked to specific microbes. This information could be broadly useful, from comparing metabolites across environments, to predicting competition and exchange of metabolites between microbes, and to designing stable microbial consortia. Here, we introduce Web of Microbes (WoM; freely available at: http://webofmicrobes.org ), the first exometabolomics data repository and visualization tool. WoM provides manually curated, direct biochemical observations on the changes to metabolites in an environment after exposure to microorganisms. The web interface displays a number of key features: (1) the metabolites present in a control environment prior to inoculation or microbial activation, (2) heatmap-like displays showing metabolite increases or decreases resulting from microbial activities, (3) a metabolic web displaying the actions of multiple organisms on a specified metabolite pool, (4) metabolite interaction scores indicating an organism’s interaction level with its environment, potential for metabolite exchange with other organisms and potential for competition with other organisms, and (5) downloadable datasets for integration with other types of -omics datasets. We anticipate that Web of Microbes will be a useful tool for the greater research community by making available manually curated exometabolomics results that can be used to improve genome annotations and aid in the interpretation and construction of microbial communities.
Parents’ intentions toward including their children with visual impairments in physical activities

Purpose: Physical activity participation is essential for the healthy development of basic locomotor skills and for the overall wellbeing of children. Unfortunately, for children with visual impairments the opportunities to engage in physical activity are limited compared with their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the intentions of parents to include their children with visual impairments, as well as their entire family in physical activities after participating in a physical activity intervention.Methods: This descriptive-qualitative study was situated in the theory of planned behavior. On completion of a series of workshops, 10 parents took part in individual semi-structured interviews that were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a thematic line-by-line analysis.Results: Through the data analysis three major themes emerged: (a) increased confidence, (b) influence on future intentions, and (c) conditional intentions.Conclusions: Results revealed that the physical activity intervention provided parents with an opportunity to engage their child in physical activities and to gain a deeper understanding of their child's disability. Consequently, the intervention enhanced parent's perceived teaching abilities and skills regarding physical activity.Implications for rehabilitationResults of this study demonstrated that a physical activity intervention have the potential to enhance intentions to engage in physical activity among children with visual impairments and their parents.As a result of this study, parents acquired the skills necessary to confidently engage their children in physical activity.The current physical activity intervention provided parents with an opportunity to engage their child in physical activities and to gain a deeper understanding of their child's disability.Physical activity interventions targeting children with visual impairments and their parents should consider the inclusion of oral presentations combined with written supplements or written manuals, and physical activity equipment.
Social justice and moral reasoning: An empirical integration of two paradigms in psychological research

Distributive and procedural justice are of central importance to past and current theories of the psychology of moral development and the social psychology of justice. In order to explicate the relationships among theories, participants responded to both a measure of moral reasoning and a measure of 15 various justice criteria. Analyses showed that each schema of moral reasoning was significantly predicted by different concerns about social justice. Furthermore, individuals' judgments about justice were best represented by four factors, offering a broader definition of justice in relation to moral schemas. The findings were consistent with Kohlbergian theory; moral reasoning appears to proceed from concerns about self-interest to distributive fairness to procedural justice.
Tail Amplification in n-Tier Systems: A Study of Transient Cross-Resource Contention Attacks

Fast response time becomes increasingly important for modern web applications (e.g., e-commerce) due to intense competitive pressure. In this paper, we present a new type of Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks in the cloud, MemCA, with the goal of causing performance uncertainty (the long-tail response time problem) of the target n-tier web application while keeping stealthy. MemCA exploits the sharing nature of public cloud computing platforms by co-locating the adversary VMs with the target VMs that host the target web application, and causing intermittent and short-lived cross-resource contentions on the target VMs. We show that these short-lived cross-resource contentions can cause transient performance interferences that lead to large response time fluctuations of the target web application, due to complex resource dependencies in the system. We further model the attack scenario in n-tier systems based on queuing network theory, and analyze cross-tier queue overflow and tail response time amplification under our attacks. Through extensive benchmark experiments in both private and public clouds (e.g., Amazon EC2), we confirm that MemCA can cause significant performance uncertainty of the target n-tier system while keeping stealthy. Specifically, we show that MemCA not only bypasses the cloud elastic scaling mechanisms, but also the state-of-the-art cloud performance interference detection mechanisms.
Calculus and Nonlinear Integral Equations for Functions with Values in L-Spaces

In this paper, the calculus of functions with values in L-spaces is developed. We then consider nonlinear integral equations of Fredholm and Volterra types for functions with values in L-spaces. Such class of equations includes set-valued integral equations, fuzzy integral equations, and many others. We prove theorems of existence and uniqueness of the solutions of such equations and investigate data dependence of their solutions.
Does use of a decision-making model improve the quality of school psychologists’ ethical decisions?

School psychologists are frequently confronted with ethically challenging situations arising from the need to balance multiple parties’ competing interests and the challenge of serving as both stud...
Decisions for Medication Nonadherence: Stories from Older Adults with Heart Failure

Background More than half of all heart failure (HF) patients do not take medications as prescribed, resulting in substantial negative health outcomes. Research has shown that medication adherence may be more a consequence of individual decisions rather than the ability to follow prescribed regimens, yet very little is known about decision-making regarding nonadherence to medications for HF. Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain understanding and insight into older adults' decision-making experiences and perceptions in choosing to take or not take medications for HF in the community setting. Methods Using a narrative inquiry approach, the personal narratives of eleven adults aged 65 and older who took at least two daily medications for HF were gathered using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data in this study were organized and analyzed using Riessman's framework for narrative analysis. Results This study suggests that medication nonadherence in older adults with HF is primarily attributed to intentional decisions, based on personal values, to deviate from the prescribed regimen. When study participants felt that the effects of a medication interfered with their lifestyles, they coped by individualizing their prescribed medication regiment to try and live as comfortably as possible. Although participants made decisions to take medications differently than prescribed, they did not perceive themselves to be nonadherent. Conclusions Participants perceived their decisions for medication nonadherence as logical and necessary to maintain their health which could be seen as practicing self-care as opposed to nonadherent behavior. Thus, assessments should aim to understand actual medication-taking routines. Participants described consulting the Internet and resources other than providers for medication information. The development of interventions that utilize resources that are readily accessible to patients may promote decisions for medication adherence.
Contralateral Transfalcine Approach to Deep Parasagittal Arteriovenous Malformations-Technical Note.

Background Resection of deep medial frontal and parietal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is often challenging due to a tangential angle of attack and deep, narrow working corridor. Adequate visualization of the AVM and its feeding arteries without brain retraction is of particular importance when operating in or near eloquent cortical areas, where brain manipulation could inadvertently result in neurologic deficits. The aim of this paper is to provide a step-by-step description of surgical approach and report our experience with the contralateral transfalcine approach for resection of deep-seated parasagittal AVMs. Methods Contralateral transfalcine resection of deep frontal, parietal, and cingulate gyrus AVMs was performed with the unaffected hemisphere positioned in a gravity-dependent manner in 5 cases. Surgical procedures were video documented, and an illustrative case is presented. All 5 patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 at the last follow-up. Results Complete resection of the AVM was achieved in all 5 cases. No permanent major neurologic deficit was observed postoperatively. This approach allowed a superior visualization of arterial feeders, the parenchymal side of the AVM, and an early control of small parenchymal feeders while minimizing retraction of the brain. Conclusions The contralateral transfalcine approach is a useful technique in the cerebrovascular surgeon’s armamentarium for management of deep-seated medial frontal, parietal, and cingulate gyrus AVMs in or around eloquent brain areas, allowing to minimize normal brain retraction and avoid associated neurologic deficits.
Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Incidentally Associated With Bacterial Enteritis: A Case Report

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) has long been associated with catastrophic intraabdominal conditions. Advancements in ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) imaging have resulted in an increased number of incidental and clinically benign HPVG cases identified. Causes of clinically benign HPVG include viral gastroenteritis, gastritis, pancreatitis, appendicitis and diverticulitis. Our case demonstrates the first reported case of HPVG in an adolescent patient associated with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The patient's course was favorable, marked by a short stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and did not require surgical intervention. With higher sensitivity of imaging modalities to diagnose both suspected and incidental cases of HPVG, clinicians will be required to consider the risks and benefits of conservative treatment or surgical intervention.
Spatial seated occupancy detection in offices with a chair-based temperature sensor array

Abstract Sensors used to monitor indoor environmental conditions and utility consumption can result in well-defined working and living spaces. Real-time spatiotemporal occupancy detection techniques used to track humans indoors paired with these data can be used to better understand the role of occupants on indoor air quality and building energy consumption. This study introduces a novel occupancy sensing technique whereby a chair-based temperature sensor array is used to detect the presence of occupants seated in a living laboratory open-plan office. Seat surface temperatures were tracked for twenty individuals over seven months using K-type thermocouples with battery-powered dataloggers secured to office chairs in known locations. The temperature differential between the occupant and seat surface enables for rapid conduction and thus detection of one's seated presence. Seat surface temperature time-series were converted to binary seated occupancy for each chair and totaled to achieve a spatial map of room seated occupancy with a time resolution of 15 s. Trends in spatiotemporal seated occupancy profiles in the office were evaluated for seven months using the novel technique. This highly localized form of occupancy detection offers several advantages compared to delocalized sensing techniques, including visualization of spatial occupancy patterns over time; determination of individual seated occupancy histories visualized in the form of “occupancy barcodes; ” quantification of total seated hours per occupant in different spatial zones across varying time-scales; and characterization of diurnal and weekly trends in seated occupancy probabilities categorized by an occupant's relative level of presence.
Development of the Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire in the United States

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a valid measure for assessing clinical teaching effectiveness within the field of physical therapy. Methods The Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire (CTEQ) was developed via a 4-stage process, including (1) initial content development, (2) content analysis with 8 clinical instructors with over 5 years of clinical teaching experience, (3) pilot testing with 205 clinical instructors from 2 universities in the Northeast of the United States, and (4) psychometric evaluation, including principal component analysis. Results The scale development process resulted in a 30-item questionnaire with 4 sections that relate to clinical teaching: learning experiences, learning environment, communication, and evaluation. Conclusion The CTEQ provides a preliminary valid measure for assessing clinical teaching effectiveness in physical therapy practice.
Complications and Soft-Tissue Coverage After Complete Articular, Open Tibial Plafond Fractures.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of nonunion and wound complications after open, complete articular pilon fractures. Second, to study the effect that both timing of fixation and timing of flap coverage have on deep infection rates. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Three Academic Level 1 Trauma Centers. PATIENTS One hundred sixty-one patients with open OTA/AO type 43C distal tibia fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) between 2002 and 2018. The mean (SD) age was 46 (14) years, 70% male, with median (interquartile range) follow-up of 2.1 (1.3-5.0) years (minimum 1 year). There were 133 (83%) type 3A and 28 (17%) type 3B open fractures. INTERVENTION Fracture fixation: acute, primary ( 24 hours). Soft-tissue coverage: rotational or free flap. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Primary outcomes included deep infection and nonunion. Secondary outcomes included rates of soft-tissue coverage and reoperation. RESULTS Acute fixation (<24 hours) was performed in 36 (22%) patients; 125 (78%) underwent delayed, staged fixation. Deep infection occurred in 27% patients and was associated with men (33% vs. 16%, P = 0.029), smoking (38% vs. 23%, P = 0.047), and type 3B fractures (39% vs. 25%, P = 0.046). Acute fixation of type 3A fractures demonstrated a higher rate of infection (38% vs. 20% P = 0.036) than delayed, staged fixation. In type 3B fractures, early flap coverage (<1 week) demonstrated a lower rate of infection (18% vs. 53%, P = 0.066) and 20% (vs. 43%) with a single-staged "fix and flap" procedure (P = 0.408). Nonunion occurred in 36 (22%) and was associated with deep infection (43% vs. 15%, P < 0.001). Fifteen (42%) were septic nonunions. Twenty-nine of the 36 (81%) nonunions achieved radiographic union after median (interquartile range) 27 (20-41) weeks and median (range) 1 (1-3) revision ORIF procedures. There was no difference in the rate of secondary union between septic and aseptic nonunions (85% vs. 86%, P = 1.00). There was a high rate of secondary procedures (47%): revision ORIF (17%), irrigation and debridement (15%), and removal of implants (11%). CONCLUSIONS Complete articular, open pilon fractures are associated with a high rate of complications after ORIF. Early fixation carries a high risk of deep infection; however, early flap coverage for 3B fractures seems to play a protective role. We advocate for aggressive management including urgent surgical debridement and very early soft-tissue cover combined with definitive fixation during single procedure if possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hormonal Advantage: Retracing Exploitative Histories of Workplace Menstrual Tracking

Technologies and self-help protocols associated with menstrual tracking have gained popularity over the past decade, with wellness consultants such as Alisa Vitti at the helm. Through careful monitoring and lifestyle changes, such techniques promise to unleash an inherent hormonal advantage that can extend one’s personal and professional pursuits. Though seemingly new, these approaches to menstrual monitoring have an historical lineage born of corporate management. Now being sold as feminist, they draw on a belief in menstrual deficit, or an understanding of menstruation along productivist lines focused on curbing workplace absenteeism and enhancing personal optimization. In bringing together cases from over the last century, this paper seeks to establish a through line of economization and imagine instead how workplace tracking might be leveraged toward worker mobilization and bargaining for collective gains.
Comprehensive comparison of Apple Watch and Fitbit monitors in a free-living setting.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three consumer-based activity monitors, Fitbit Charge 2, Fitbit Alta, and the Apple Watch 2, all worn on the wrist, in estimating step counts, moderate-to-vigorous minutes (MVPA), and heart rate in a free-living setting. Methods Forty-eight participants (31 females, 17 males; ages 18-59) were asked to wear the three consumer-based monitors mentioned above on the wrist, concurrently with a Yamax pedometer as the criterion for step count, an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) for MVPA, and a Polar H7 chest strap for heart rate. Participants wore the monitors for a 24-hour free-living condition without changing their usual active routine. MVPA was calculated in bouts of ≥10 minutes. Pearson correlation, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and equivalence testing were used to evaluate the measurement agreement. Results The average step counts recorded for each device were as follows: 11,734 (Charge2), 11,922 (Alta), 11,550 (Apple2), and 10,906 (Yamax). The correlations in steps for the above monitors ranged from 0.84 to 0.95 and MAPE ranged from 17.1% to 35.5%. For MVPA minutes, the average were 76.3 (Charge2), 63.3 (Alta), 49.5 (Apple2), and 47.8 (ActiGraph) minutes accumulated in bouts of 10 or greater minutes. The correlation from MVPA estimation for above monitors were 0.77, 0.91, and 0.66. MAPE from MVPA estimation ranged from 44.7% to 55.4% compared to ActiGraph. For heart rate, correlation for Charge2 and Apple2 was higher for sedentary behavior and lower for MVPA. The MAPE ranged from 4% to 16%. Conclusion All three consumer monitors estimated step counts fairly accurately, and both the Charge2 and Apple2 reported reasonable heart rate estimation. However, all monitors substantially underestimated MVPA in free-living settings.
Uteroplacental Circulation in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Functional Adaptation and Maladaptation

Uteroplacental blood flow increases as pregnancy advances. Adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen carried by uteroplacental blood flow is essential for the well-being of the mother and growth/development of the fetus. The uteroplacental hemodynamic change is accomplished primarily through uterine vascular adaptation, involving hormonal regulation of myogenic tone, vasoreactivity, release of vasoactive factors and others, in addition to the remodeling of spiral arteries. In preeclampsia, hormonal and angiogenic imbalance, proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies cause dysfunction of both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells of the uteroplacental vasculature. Consequently, the vascular dysfunction leads to increased vascular resistance and reduced blood flow in the uteroplacental circulation. In this article, the (mal)adaptation of uteroplacental vascular function in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
Chapter 6 Separation and Analysis of Glycoprotein Oligosaccharides

Publisher Summary The oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins appear to represent the most diverse type of post-translational modifications of proteins. This chapter focuses on techniques for analyzing the structures of sugar chains of metabolically radiolabeled animal cell-derived glycoproteins. The advantages of these techniques are that they are inexpensive, easy to set up, require no elaborate instrumentation, and are applicable to extremely small amounts of material. There are many ways in which carbohydrate chains have been found linked to peptide in animal cell glycoproteins. Each of the forms represents structurally different sugar chains that appear to be synthesized by unique pathways. The two most common linkage groups include GlcNAc-Asn sugar chains and GalNAc-Ser/Thr sugar chains. The simplest test to determine whether a protein is glycosylated is to determine its reactivity with sugar reagents. Provided that sufficient quantity of glycoprotein is available, the presence of sugar can be detected by the phenol sulfuric acid assay or by a number of chemical assays for reducing sugar or for sialic acid. The three major techniques that can be used to radiolabel the glycoprotein oligosaccharides are (1) metabolic radiolabeling, (2) end-labeling using reduction with tritiated borohydride or acetylation with [14C]-labeled acetic anhydride, and (3) external labeling techniques, employing enzymatic addition of radiolabeled sugar to the existing oligosaccharide.
Industrial Organization, Corporate Strategy and Structure

Let us start with a sketch of the relationships to be surveyed in this paper. The large firm sells1 in product markets having structural features that constrain its behaviour and define its options. ‘Market structure’ refers to certain stable attributes of the market that influence the firm’s conduct in the marketplace. Significant elements of market structure include the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, height of barriers to entry and exit, extent and character of product differentiation, extent and character of international competition (if the market is defined no more broadly than the nation), and certain parameters of demand (elasticity, growth rate). The firm holds tangible or intangible semi-fixed assets or skills. The top managers’ perceptions of the market structure and the firm’s strengths and weaknesses jointly determine their choice of corporate strategy (its long-run plan for profit maximization) and organizational structure (the internal allocation of tasks, decision rules, and procedures for appraisal and reward, selected for the best pursuit of that strategy). Both corporate strategy and organizational structure influence the economic performance of the firm and the market in which it sells.2
Wavelets: A Tutorial in Theory and Applications

Orthogonal wavelets daubechies' scaling function on (0.3), D. Pollen wavelet matrices and the representation of discrete functions, P.N. Heller, et al wavelets and generalized functions, G.G. Walter semi-orthogonal and nonorthogonal wavelets cardinal spline interpolation and teh block spin construction of wavelets, G. Battle polynomial splines and wavelets - a signal processing perspective, M. Unser and A. Aldroubi biorthogonal wavelets, A. Cohen nonorthogonal multiresolution analysis using wavelets, J.C. Feauveau wavelet-like local bases wavelets and other bases for fast numerical linear algebra, B.K. Alpert wavelets with boundary conditions on the interval, P. Aushcer local sine and cosine bases of coifman and meyer and the construction of smooth wae-lets, P. Auscher, et al some elementary properties of multiresolution analysis of L2 (Rn), W.R. Madych multi-dimensional two-scale dilation equations, M.A. Berger and Y. Wang multivariate wavelets short-time fourier and window-radon transforms, J. Stockler gabor wavelets and the heisenberg group, H.G. Feichtinger and K. Grochenig gabor expansions and short time fourier transform from the group theoetical point of view windowed radon transforms, analytic signals and the wave equation theory of sampling and interpolation, G. Kaiser and R.F. Streater irregular sampling and frames, J.J. Benedetto families of wavelet tranforms in connections with Shannon's sampling theory and the gabor tranform, A.Aldroubi and M. Unser wavelets in H2(R), K. Seip sampling, interpolation and phase space density applications to numerical analysis and signal processing orthonormal wave-lets, analysis of operators and applications to numerical analysis, S. Jaffard and Ph. Laurencot wavelet transforms and filter banks, R.A. Gopinath and C.S. Burrus second generation compact image coding with wavelets, J. Froment and S. Mallat acoustic signal compression with wavelet packets, M.V. Wickerhauser.
Recent developments in image acquisition for manufacturing applications

Three examples of recently developed CCD image sensors are described. These are a 6000-element line-scan sensor, a TDI sensor, and a 2048/spl times/2048-element sensor. Their capabilities have been reviewed, and the benefits they offer to manufacturing applications have been discussed.
Synthesis and biodistribution of a new 99mTechnetium fatty acid

The synthesis and biodistribution is described for a new 99mTc-labeled fatty acid. The requisite diaminodithiol (N2S2) ligand, 9,10-bis[N-(2'-methyl-2'-mercapto)propyl] aminooctadecanoic acid, was prepared in nine steps from ethyl oleate and characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and elemental analysis of its nickell(II) complex. The radiolabeling procedure provided a liposoluble 99mTc-labeled complex (99mTc-11) which was administered intravenously to rats concomitantly with 15-(p-[125I]-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid (IPPA). The myocardial profile of 99mTc-11 was inferior to that of IPPA.
McIndoe procedure for vaginal agenesis: Long-term outcome and effect on quality of life☆

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of life, sexual function, and long-term outcome in women after undergoing the McIndoe procedure for vaginal agenesis. Study design This was a retrospective descriptive study of patients who were treated with the McIndoe procedure for vaginal agenesis. Participants answered a structured questionnaire to describe self-reported outcomes in quality of life, sexual function and satisfaction, and body image after the McIndoe procedure. Patient characteristics along with short- and long-term findings were abstracted from the medical record. Results Eighty-six patients responded to the questionnaire. Average age (±SD) at surgery was 21±6 years (range, 12-49 years). The mean number of years (±SD) since surgery was 23±12 (range, 2-50 years). Seventy-nine percent of the respondents stated that the McIndoe procedure improved their quality of life. Ninety-one percent of the respondents were sexually active, with 75% able to achieve orgasm. Reported self-image was improved in 55% of the women. Conclusion The McIndoe procedure improves quality of life and sexual satisfaction and provides a functional vagina with minimal complications.
Ethics, health care and spinal cord injury: research, practice and finance

Dating back to ancient times, mankind has been absorbed with ‘doing the right thing’, that is, behaving in ways approved by the society and the culture during the era in which they lived. This has been and still is especially true for the medical and related health-care professions. Laws and professional codes have evolved over the years that provide guidelines as to how physicians should treat patients, beginning with the one authored by Hippocrates. Only more recently, however, have laws and codes been created to cover health-care research and the advances in health-care practice that have been brought to light by that research. Although these discoveries have clearly impacted the quality of life and duration of life for people with spinal cord injury and other maladies, they have also raised questions that go beyond the science. Questions such as when, why, how and for how long should such treatments be applied often relate more to what a society and its culture will condone and the answers can differ and have differed among societies depending on the prevailing ethics and morals. Modern codes and laws have been created so that the trust people have traditionally placed in their healers will not be violated or misused as happened during wars past, especially in Nazi Germany. This paper will trace the evolution of the rules that medical researchers, practitioners and payers for treatment must now follow and explain why guiding all their efforts that honesty must prevail.