cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of two-year patient satisfaction following elective knee surgery.

Abstract Background Patient satisfaction metrics are increasingly being utilized as tools to evaluate the quality of healthcare and affect reimbursements. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify factors associated with two-year patient satisfaction after elective knee surgery, (2) compare the Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (SSQ-8) and a numeric satisfaction scale (NSS), and (3) determine if two-year patient satisfaction can be predicted based on preoperative factors. Methods A total of 365 patients undergoing elective knee surgery at a single center were administered questionnaires to assess demographics, medical history, and various patient-reported outcomes preoperatively and at two years postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was measured at two years postoperatively with SSQ-8 and NSS. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations and independent predictors of satisfaction. Results SSQ-8 and NSS scores were significantly correlated (rs = 0.68, P Conclusion While there are multiple preoperative factors that are associated with two-year patient satisfaction after knee surgery, those factors contribute relatively little to satisfaction. Meeting expectations and better patient-based outcomes at two years are more important.
Counter-stereotypical, yet Counterproductive? How Families at a Science Museum Respond to Narratives that Defy Gender Stereotypes

While visiting a science museum, mothers (N = 125) and their 4- to 7-year-old children were recruited to read one of four versions of an educational storybook. These storybooks detailed either male...
Development of pulmonary vascular response to oxygen

The ability of the pulmonary circulation of the fetal lamb to respond to a rise in oxygen tension was studied from 94 to 146 days of gestation. The unanesthetized ewe breathed room air at normal atmospheric pressure, followed by 100% oxygen at three atmospheres absolute pressure in a hyperbaric chamber. In eleven near-term lambs (132 to 146 days of gestation), fetal arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) increased from 25 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 6 Torr (mean +/- SE), which increased the proportion of right ventricular output distributed to the fetal lungs from 8 +/- 1 to 59 +/- 5%. In five very immature lambs (94 to 101 days of gestation), fetal PaO2 increased from 27 +/- 1 to 174 +/- 70 Torr, but the proportion of right ventricular output distributed to the lung did not change, 8 +/- 1 to 9 +/- 1%. In five of the near-term lambs, pulmonary blood flow was measured. It increased from 34 +/- 3 to 298 +/- 35 ml.kg fetal wt-1.min-1, an 8.8-fold increase. We conclude that the pulmonary circulation of the fetal lamb does not respond to an increase in oxygen tension before 101 days of gestation; however, near term an increase in oxygen tension alone can induce the entire increase in pulmonary blood flow that normally occurs after the onset of breathing at birth.
Product/Service Design Collaboration: Managing the Product Life Cycle

Product and service design collaboration allows supply chain partners to jointly develop and manage a product over its complete life cycle. From initial design conceptualization to end-of-life recycling, collaboration engages partners in a process of sharing information and decision rights. The goal of collaboration is to employ knowledge from across the supply chain to improve the product or service, reduce time to market, prevent supply chain mistakes, and ultimately increase profitability. Many web-based tools have been developed to aid in this collaboration, creating an industry of software vendors. This article describes the role of design collaboration and illustrates its use through three case studies from different industries. Keywords: collaboration; service and product design; product life cycle management
Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich: Supreme Commander of the Russian Army, by Robinson, Paul

Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Romanov (1856[#x02013]1929) was among the pivotal figures of late imperial Russia. Six feet, six inches tall, he was known by many as [#x02018]Big Nicholas[#x02019], ...
The munchausen spectrum: Borderline character features

In this paper the author presents a continuum of disease simulation that ranges from hysteria to malingering, with a range of relative unawareness to awareness of producing such deception. Focus is on the particular group of patients who consciously and repeatedly simulate disease. The frequency and form of such disease mimicry vary within such a group. A continuum in terms of frequency ranges from occasional adventures to the simulation of disease as the center of a person's life. Two groups of patients designated as exhibiting Munchausen Syndrome are defined within this continuum: (a) those who work (mostly as nurses or in other medical professions) and (b) those called "hospital hobos" --the more prototypical Munchausen patient. The author takes a somewhat different approach to Munchausen Syndrome in that it is viewed as a subgroup of the borderline character. Further, the often found exhortation for psychiatric treatment of Munchausen patients is reexamined, and caution regarding such zeal and its potential negative effects is registered.
Semiconductor Spintronic Devices

The sensitivity of semiconductor materials to external perturbations extends to their magnetic properties and other spin-dependent behavior. Dilute magnetic dopants interact via the carriers in carrier-mediated ferromagnetic semiconductors, so reducing the carrier concentration with a gate voltage can alter the magnetic properties of these materials. The spin orientation of carriers can change in response to their motion, leading to gate-controlled spin lifetimes and optical coupling to spin. Semiconductors also offer the potential for nonlinear spin-dependent transport, particularly at junctions between materials with different magnetizations. These unusual fundamental properties may lead to novel magneto-optical and magnetoelectronic devices, including magnetic analogs to conventional transistors. Keywords: semiconductor spintronics; spin transistors; optical isolators; ferromagnetic semiconductors; spin-orbit interaction; magnetic domain walls
ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION THERAPY IN USERS OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Objetivo: Compreender fatores que possam levar a adesao ou nao adesao da terapeutica medicamentosa entre os usuarios de substâncias psicoativas. Metodos: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, caracterizado como survey descritivo. Foi realizado em uma Comunidade Terapeutica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2011. Participaram do estudo 14 sujeitos, os dados foram coletados atraves de um questionario nao-estruturado e do Teste de Morisky. Resultados: Percebe-se uma baixa adesao por parte da populacao estudada, o que e atribuido na maior parte dos casos aos efeitos adversos e a conviccao de nao precisar do medicamento prescrito pelo medico. Conclusao: Os resultados apresentados neste estudo indicam uma baixa adesao da terapeutica proposta, reforcando assim, a necessidade de acompanhamento terapeutico e da assistencia medicamentosa. Ambos devem ser eficazes e, sobretudo, capazes de auxiliar na reorientacao de seus usuarios.
Thioprenols as Hydrazinolysis Products of Prenylated Proteins: Dependence upon Methylation of the Prenylcysteine

When prenylated proteins are treated with hydrazine at elevated temperatures, a substantial fraction of the prenylcysteines are cleaved at the C-S bond of the beta-carbon of cysteine. Thioprenols, the initial products of this reaction, are then reduced, over time, to hydrocarbons. This elimination reaction is favored several fold if the prenylcysteine is present as a carboxylate derivative rather than as a carboxyl terminal free amino acid. Thus, the pattern of elimination has the potential for detecting substitution (methylation) of prenylcysteines. In addition, the formation of thioprenols leads to more sensitive ways for determination of the prenylcysteines.
Food acquisition practices used by Food-insecure individuals when they Are concerned about having sufficient food for themselves and their households

Food-insecure individuals' food acquisition practices can result in inadequate nutrition, consumption of unsafe foods, and risky behaviors. A survey instrument was developed to collect sociodemographic information and frequency of engagement in different practices. After expert review, cognitive interviewing and pretesting, data were collected from 10 individuals/site at 50 emergency food providers. Descriptive analysis was performed and prevalence of each practice was ascertained for 3 time periods. Participants confirmed use of 78 practices with 50% using 19. Sixty-three percent posed a potential risk, including eating road kill, going to prison to obtain meals, and diluting foods (like baby formula) to extend them. Prevalence and riskiness of practices used by the food-insecure can inform policy and public health decisions regarding issues of food insecurity.
Kinase-Specific Phosphorylation of the Estrogen Receptor Changes Receptor Interactions with Ligand, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and Coregulators Associated with Alterations in Estrogen and Tamoxifen Activity

Posttranslational modifications of the estrogen receptor (ER) are emerging as important regulatory elements of cross talk between different signaling pathways. ER phosphorylation, in particular, has been implicated in the ligand-independent effects of ER and in tamoxifen resistance of breast tumors. In our studies, Western immunoblot analysis of endogenous ER in parental MCF-7 cells reveals specific, ligand-dependent phosphorylations at S118 and S167, with this ligand dependence being lost in tamoxifen-resistant, MCF-7 Her2/neu cells. Using highly purified components and sensitive fluorescence methods in an in vitro system, we show that phosphorylation by different kinases alters ER action through distinct mechanisms. Phosphorylation by Src and protein kinase A increases affinity for estradiol (E2), whereas ER phosphorylation by MAPK decreases trans-hydroxytamoxifen (TOT) binding. Affinity of ER for the consensus estrogen response element is also altered by phosphorylation in a ligand-specific manner, wit...
The Importance of Postearthquake Investigations

Abstract Data and technical knowledge gained from postearthquake investigations of a dozen earthquakes since the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake have significantly advanced the state‐of‐knowledge about earthquakes. These advances have motivated new and (or) improved programs, applications, and changes in public policy, including (1) the 1977 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and its extensions, (2) earthquake prediction research, (3) deterministic and probabilistic hazards assessments, (4) design criteria for critical facilities, (5) earthquake‐resistant design provisions of building codes, (6) seismic safety elements, (7) seismic microzoning, (8) lifeline engineering, and (9) seismic safety organizations. To date, the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake has triggered more rapid advances in knowledge and applications than any other earthquake.
Tricalcium phosphate based resorbable ceramics: Influence of NaF and CaO addition

Abstract Resorbable bioceramics have gained much attention due to their time-varying mechanical properties in-vivo . Implanted ceramics degrade allowing bone in-growth and eventual replacement of the artificial material with natural tissue. Calcium phosphate based materials have caught the most significant attention because of their excellent biocompatibility and compositional similarities to natural bone. Doping these ceramics with various metal ions has significantly influenced their properties. In this study, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) compacts were fabricated via uniaxial compression with five compositions: (i) pure TCP, (ii) TCP with 2.0 wt.% NaF, (iii) TCP with 3.0 wt.% CaO, (iv) TCP with a binary of 2.0 wt.% NaF and 0.5 wt.% Ag 2 O, and (v) TCP with a quaternary of 1.0 wt.% TiO 2 , 0.5 wt.% Ag 2 O, 2.0 wt.% NaF, and 3.0 wt.% CaO. These compacts were sintered at 1250 °C for 4 h to obtain dense ceramic structures. Phase analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction. The presence of NaF in TCP improved densification and increased compression strength from 70 (± 25) to 130 (± 40) MPa. Addition of CaO had no influence on density or strength. Human osteoblast cell growth behavior was studied using an osteoprecursor cell line (OPC 1) to assure that the biocompatibility of these ceramics was not altered due to the dopants. For long-term biodegradation studies, density, weight change, surface microstructure, and uniaxial compression strength were measured as a function of time in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Weight gain in SBF correlated strongly with precipitation viewed in the inter-connected pores of the samples. After 3 months in SBF, all samples displayed a reduction in strength. NaF, CaO and the quaternary compositions maintained the most steady strength loss under SBF.
The Impact of Punishment and Rehabilitation Views on Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Staff: A Preliminary Study

It has been long recognized that organizational commitment is an important component of effective organizations. It has, however, received relatively little attention in the correctional literature. Furthermore, much of the research to date on correctional orientation has focused on examining how various forces affect the punishment and rehabilitation views of correctional employees, but ignored how these views affect employees’ organizational commitment. Using a data set collected from 272 staff members at a Midwestern, high security state prison, this study examined the impact of punishment and rehabilitation views on organizational commitment. It was found that support for rehabilitation was associated with higher levels of organizational commitment while support for punishment was related with lower levels of organizational commitment.
Design and characterization of a neutron calibration facility for the study of sub-keV nuclear recoils

We have designed and built a highly monochromatic 24 keV neutron beam at the Kansas State University Triga Mark-II reactor, as part of an experimental effort to demonstrate sensitivity in a large-mass detector to the ultra-low energy recoils expected from coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. The beam characteristics were chosen so as to mimic the soft recoil energies expected from reactor antineutrinos in a variety of targets, allowing to understand the response of dedicated detector technologies in this yet unexplored sub-keV recoil range. A full characterization of the beam properties (intensity, monochromaticity, contaminations, beam profile) is presented, together with first tests of the calibration facility using proton recoils in organic scintillator.
A Modified Frontal Technique Suitable for Parallel Systems

Frontal techniques offer the potential for processing the assembly and the factorization phases of finite element analysis in parallel. However, frontal solvers suggested so far involve rather complex bookkeeping and data manipulation, and thus are lacking the uniformity desired for vector and parallel processing. On the other hand, band solution techniques are very simple and uniform, but do not interleave assembly and factorization. In this paper, we suggest a window-oriented organization of the frontal method which is attractive to both sequential and parallel processing. Our goal is to obtain an implementation of a frontal solver which is as simple as the implementations of band solvers.
Development and analysis of air quality modeling simulations for hazardous air pollutants

The concentrations of five hazardous air pollutants were simulated using the community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Annual simulations were performed over the continental United States for the entire year of 2001 to support human exposure estimates. Results are shown for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene and acrolein. Photochemical production in the atmosphere is predicted to dominate ambient formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations, and to account for a significant fraction of ambient acrolein concentrations. Spatial and temporal variations are large throughout the domain over the year. Predicted concentrations are compared with observations for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Although the modeling results indicate an overall slight tendency towards underprediction, they reproduce episodic and seasonal behavior of pollutant concentrations at many monitors with good skill.
Child abuse potential and authoritarianism.

This study examined the relationship between child abuse, as measured by the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, and authoritarianism, as measured by the Public Opinion Scale (POS). The study also attempted to provide convergent and discriminant validity for the CAP abuse factors rigidity and loneliness by correlating these factors with the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) variables order and affiliation, respectively. Group One consisted of 150 undergraduate students. Group Two consisted of 34 adult students from a second site. For the subjects in both groups, a nonsignificant relationship (p greater than .05) between abuse scores and authoritarianism was found. In contrast, in both groups significant relationships (p less than .05) were found between the CAP abuse factor rigidity and authoritarianism. Additional analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship (p less than .05) between the EPPS variable affiliation for Group One, but not for Group Two (p greater than .05). Language: en
Estimation of left ventricular elastance without altering preload or afterload in the conscious dog

Objective: The aim was to determine the slope (EES) of the left ventricular end systolic pressure-volume line (ESPVL) without altering preload or afterload in conscious dogs. Methods: Dogs (n=10) were instrumented to determine left ventricular volume from ultrasonic left ventricular internal dimensions, and to measure left ventricular pressure using a micromanometer. Studies were performed one to two weeks after instrumentation while the animals were conscious. ESPVL was determined from variably loaded left ventricular pressure-volume (P-V) loops generated by the vena caval occlusion. Contractile state was increased by intravenous dobutamine (8 μg·kg−1·min−1) and decreased by intravenous verapamil (10 mg) given after autonomic blockade. From a single normally ejecting beat, we calculated EES-single beat (mm Hg·ml−1) as peak isovolumetric pressure (Pmax) minus end systolic pressure divided by stroke volume. Sunagawa's technique was used to estimate Pmax by fitting the pressure during the isovolumetric contraction and relaxation as: P(t)=l/2 × Piso[1-cos(ωt+c)]+LVEDP, where Piso=peak isovolumetric developed pressure, LVEDP=left ventricular end diastolic pressure, c=constant accounting for variations in phase angle, and ω=2 π/T in which T is duration of contraction. Results: After dobutamine, EES increased, from 8.9(SEM 0.8) to 12.5(1.0) mm Hg·ml−1 (p < 0.05), and Epg-single beat increased from 9.1(0.9) to 12.0(1.4) mm Hg·ml−1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, after verapamil, EES decreased, from 11.1(1.2) to 6.3(1.1) mm Hg·ml−1, (p < 0.05), and EES-single beat also decreased, from 9.6(1.0) to 7.3(1.2) mm Hg·ml−1, (p < 0.05). Conclusions: EES calculated from one beat is similar to EES determined from variably loaded left ventricular loops and responds appropriately to inotropic stimulation. This technique provides a reasonable method to calculate EES from left ventricular pressure and stroke volume without altering preload or afterload. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :868-873
Mind-loss in the African American community: Dementia as a normal part of aging

Abstract Dementia has been called a “silent epidemic” among African Americans. While there is a disproportionately high rate, little else is known. The purpose of this study was to begin to discover the cultural and linguistic variations in the definition, recognition, explanation of, and response to, dementia as it is experienced in the African American community. Participant observation was combined with guided conversations with 14 African American who knew persons who had, as they called it, lost their minds or whose minds had slipped. Analysis followed the structure of a grounded theory approach from looking at the phenomena of dementia through the consequences of its presence. Key findings included the lack of the recognition of formal language e.g. dementia, the attribution of normalcy of signs and symptoms and the importance of caregiving spontaneously provided to needy community members.
A new hybrid complex source point - moment method (CSP-MoM) procedure for fast numerical solution of radiation and scattering by large objects

Widely used method of moments (MoM) (R.F. Harrington, 1993) for numerical solution of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and scattering problems is severely limited by the electrical size of the problem due to the storage requirement of O(N2) (N = number of unknowns) and the direct solution time of O(N3). The latter can be reduced down to O(IN2) where / is the number of iterations for an iterative method to solve the MoM matrix equation. To alleviate these large computational cost of MoM, in this paper, we propose a relatively simple method, which utilizes a complex source point (CSP) beam expansion approach to accelerate the matrix-vector multiplication and reduce the storage requirement in the iterative MoM solutions.
Hybrid scheme for perceptual object window design with joint scene analysis and eye-gaze tracking for media encoding based on perceptual attention

The possibility of perceptual compression using live eye tracking has been anticipated for some time by many researchers. Among the challenges of real-time eye-gaze-based perceptual video compression are how to handle the fast nature of eye movements with the relative complexity of video transcoding and also take into account the delay associated with transmission in the network. Such a delay requires additional consideration in perceptual encoding because it increases the size of the area that requires high-quality coding. We present a hybrid scheme, one of the first to our knowledge, that combines eye tracking with fast in-line scene analysis to drastically narrow the high acuity area without the loss of eye-gaze containment.
Early Wound Complications in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Surgery and Ir192 Brachytherapy

Objectives: Brachytherapy, either as primary or adjuvant therapy, is increasingly used to treat head and neck cancer. Reports of complications from the use of brachytherapy as adjuvant therapy to surgical excision have been limited and primarily follow Iodine 125 (I125) therapy. Early complications include wound breakdown, infection, flap failure, and sepsis, and late complications may include osteoradionecrosis, bone marrow suppression, or carotid injuries. The authors sought to identify the early wound complications that follow adjuvant interstitial brachytherapy with iridium 192 (Ir192). Study Design: A retrospective chart review of all patients receiving adjuvant brachytherapy at a tertiary medical center over a 4-year period. Methods: Nine patients receiving Ir192 brachytherapy via afterloading catheters placed during surgical resection for close or microscopically positive margin control were evaluated. It was used during primary therapy in six patients and at salvage surgery in three. Early complications were defined as those occurring within 6 weeks of surgical therapy. Results: The overall complication rate was 55% (5/9), and included significant wound breakdown in two patients, minor wound dehiscence in three, and wound infection, bacteremia, and local tissue erosion in one patient each. All complications occurred in patients receiving flap reconstruction and one patient required further surgery to manage the complication. Complication rates were not associated with patient age, site, prior radiotherapy, timing of therapy, number of catheters, or dosimetry. Conclusions: The relatively high complication rate is acceptable, given the minor nature of most and the potential benefit of radiotherapy. Further study should be under-taken to identify those patients who will achieve maximum therapeutic benefit without prohibitive local complications.
The normal CT appearances of the second carina and bronchial stump after left upper lobectomy.

We retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography (CT) appearance of the bronchial stump and second carina (left upper lobe spur) after left upper lobectomy. There were 69 CT examinations in 38 patients; all were free of recurrent or metastatic disease. The spur was graded as a) sharp (wedge-shaped tip configuration with 90 degrees angulation regardless of tip configuration). The bronchial stump was evaluated for the presence or absence of soft tissue in proximity to the surgical staples. The spur had a sharp appearance in 33 of 38 patients (87%) and was lobulated in 5 of 38 (13%). No patient had soft tissue at the bronchial stump. Serial examinations showed no change in the appearance of either structure. The spur remains sharp after left upper lobectomy in most patients; lobulation occurs in 13%. No changes occur over time. Interval change, widening of the spur, or soft tissue at the bronchial stump may suggest abnormality. Knowledge of normal and potentially abnormal appearances is essential to proper CT interpretation, particularly in the setting of postoperative surveillance for recurrent or metastatic disease.
Binocular balance validity: a comparison of five common subjective techniques.

For most patients, one of the last steps in the subjective determination of the refractive error is the equalization of their accommodative stimuli. Several previous authors have stated that the preferred method of balancing is by some form of binocular stimulation, either with a Turville infinity balance or a polarizing technique [Miles, P. (1948) Am. J. Ophthal . 31, 1460-1466; Morgan, M. W., Jr (1949) Am. J. Optom . 26, 231-239; Goodwin, H. E. (1966) Optom . Wkly 57, 28, 47-51; Grentsch , L. W. and Goodwin, H. E. (1966) Am. J. Optom . 43, 658-663]. This experiment looks at a slightly different aspect: how repeatable a given technique is. We performed five common methods of balancing: vectographic , equal acuity through low plus blur, red-green equalization, Jackson cross-cylinder, and equal loss of acuity with plus blur. We find no significant differences in the variation of any of these techniques; they are all equally reliable. In addition, there seems to be no difference in their mean values, contrary to previous reports.
The theory of electron-impact excitation of positive ions

Abstract Continuum-state Hartree-Fock theory is applied to the calculations of the electron-impact excitation of positive ions. In order to illustrate the effects of continuum coupling as a function of ionization stage, we first consider the excitation of the valence electron in K-like ions and compare cross sections calculated in the close-coupling approximation with those calculated in the distorted-wave approximation. In addition, we consider distorted-wave calculations of the contributions of inner-shell excitation followed by autoionization to the electron-impact ionization cross sections of highly ionized Na-like ions, where coupling effects should be small, and compare our results with recent electron-ion crossed beams measurements of the total cross sections for these ions. Agreement between experiment and theory is found to be good, but the experiments indicate the presence of recombination-double-autoionization resonances that are not included in our calculations.
A Conserved Base-pair between tRNA and 23 S rRNA in the Peptidyl Transferase Center Is Important for Peptide Release

The 3' terminus of tRNAs has the universally conserved bases C74C75A76 that interact with the ribosomal large subunit. In the ribosomal P site, bases C74 and C75 of tRNA, form Watson-Crick base-pairs with G2252 and G2251, respectively, present in the conserved P-loop of 23 S rRNA. Previous studies have suggested that the G2252-C74 base-pair is important for peptide bond formation. Using a pure population of mutant ribosomes, we analyzed the precise role of this base-pair in peptide bond formation, elongation factor G-dependent translocation, and peptide release by release factor 1. Surprisingly, our results show that the G2252-C74 base-pair is not essential for peptide bond formation with intact aminoacyl tRNAs as substrates and for EF-G catalyzed translocation. Interestingly, however, peptide release was reduced substantially when base-pair formation between G2252 and C74 of P site tRNA was disrupted, indicating that this conserved base-pair plays an important role in ester bond hydrolysis during translation termination.
Reading roman tragedy

Brutus the Liberator paid dearly for his success. Fear of a Tarquin resurgence led him to force his consular colleague Collatinus into exile, to preside over the public execution of his own sons, and to share a ferocious death in single combat with Arruns, the Tarquin heir. Livy made history of this story (2.1-6), but it could easily have become the tragedy of a man trapped in an ideology of his own making, who discovers only through a series of increasingly painful choices what it really means to be "Brutus." Euripides wrote such a play about Agamemnon (Iphigeneia at Aulis), but there was never a comparable play at Rome about Brutus. Though Romans celebrated his expulsion of the Tarquins on the stage as well as in their histories, no dramatist explored the moral ambiguities of his ensuing consulship. The price humans pay for greatness was not a Roman preoccupation: their literature shows little evidence of what we would call a tragic sensibility.' Yet the Romans had plays they called tragedies, and Roman tragedies enjoyed a considerable following. The many Plautine jokes and parodies at tragedy's expense confirm its ubiquity at the festivals.2 In Cicero's day, connoisseurs could recognize famous tragic arias by their opening notes, and whole audiences wept for Pacuvius' Deiphilus and rose to applaud the nobility of his Orestes. Tragedies in Latin were also taught in schools and read in studies, adding to the "cultural capital" of the elite and enriching the poetry of subsequent generations.3
Composition dependence of solid-phase epitaxy in silicon-germanium alloys: Experiment and theory.

The rates of solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) in unstrained ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ alloys have been measured by time-resolved reflectivity for eight different alloy compositions, including both Si-rich and Ge-rich layers. Amorphous layers 300--400 nm thick were first formed in 8-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick, relaxed, epitaxial ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ layers (0.02\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.87) by ion implantation of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{+}$. For each composition, the measured SPE rates spanned approximately two orders of magnitude. The alloy SPE rates are shown to be related to the regrowth rates of the two pure elements by a simple equation expressed in terms of the composition parameter x and having no adjustable parameters. The form of this equation implies that crystallization occurs by a serial attachment process at the amorphous-crystal interface and that the rate of attachment of each individual atom is determined by the identities of its four nearest neighbors. Such a process is consistent with the dangling-bond model proposed by Spaepen and Turnbull [in Laser-Solid Interactions and Laser Processing, edited by S. D. Ferris, H. J. Leamy, and J. M. Poate, AIP Conf. Proc. No. 50 (AIP, New York, 1979)] if the SPE rate is limited by the migration rate of dangling bonds rather than by their formation rate. Based on this analysis, an interpretation is proposed for the anomalously large activation energies that have been measured for SPE in some Si-rich compositions.
Hydrodynamic Cavitation to Improve Bulk Fluid to Surface Mass Transfer in a Nonimmersed Ultraviolet System for Minimal Processing of Opaque and Transparent Fluid Foods

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced chemical reactions and inactivation of microorganisms in transparent and opaque fluids are strongly dependent upon the homogenous exposure of the target species to the UV irradiation. Current UV technologies used in water disinfection and food preservation applications have limited efficacy due to suspended particles shading target species. An Ultraviolet-Shockwave Power Reactor (UV-SPR) consisting of an inner rotating rotor and a stationary quartz housing and 2 end plates was used to induce 'controlled cavitation.' Eight UV low-pressure mercury lamps spaced uniformly were installed lengthwise around the quartz housing periphery. A KI to I(3) (-)chemical dosimeter for UV was used to quantify photons received by fluid in the annular space of the SPR. UV dose (J/m(2)) increased from 97 J/m(2) at 0 rpm to over 700 J/m(2) for SPR speeds above 2400 rpm. Inactivation of E. coli 25922 in apple juice and skim milk in the UV-SPR at exit temperatures below 45 degrees C was greater than 4.5 and 3 logs, respectively. The UV-SPR system proved successful in increasing the mass transfer of transparent and opaque fluid to the UV irradiated surface.
Orbital Angular Momentum, Spin Fractions and Scenarios for the Proton's Spin Weighted Parton Distributions

New data from the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) on the spin-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic lepton-proton scattering suggests that the total spin carried by valence quarks in a polarized proton may be approximately canceled by a strong negative polarization of the sea of q-barq pairs. The evolution in Q/sup 2/ of the fraction of proton spin carried by gluons depends on the initial spin fractions and it is possible to avoid the introduction of large orbital angular momentum by adopting a ''hybrid'' quark-Skyrme picture of the proton suggested by the EMC results.
Fast Hydrazone Reactants: Electronic and Acid/Base Effects Strongly Influence Rate at Biological pH

Kinetics studies with structurally varied aldehydes and ketones in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 reveal that carbonyl compounds with neighboring acid/base groups form hydrazones at accelerated rates. Similarly, tests of a hydrazine with a neighboring carboxylic acid group show that it also reacts at an accelerated rate. Rate constants for the fastest carbonyl/hydrazine combinations are 2-20 M(-1) s(-1), which is faster than recent strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions.
Is it a question of trust?: how search preferences influence forum use

Searching for health information online is becoming increasingly common. The variety of peer reports and facts available online is also increasing. Yet little is known about how users come to trust the material they encounter. Our paper explores the impact of individual differences on trust in the context of information seeking behavior. Twenty-six people participated in an online study, which included a survey and a search. We developed two scales to measure trust in websites and trust in forums. We found that experience with chronic disease was related to increased trust in forums, while trust in websites stayed constant. We draw implications from our results and relate them to the literature on trust.
Nonlinear optics and quantum networks based on single atoms coupled to a photonic crystal cavity

We present an experimental demonstration of an optical switch operating in the quantum regime, consisting of a single trapped atom near a nanoscale photonic crystal cavity.
Current concepts in treatment of hypertensive urgencies

The correlation between hypertension and endorgan damage (heart, kidney, brain, etc.) is now well recognized, although there is no definite systolic or diastolic level of blood pressure that by itself can be used to distinguish between a hypertensive emergency and an urgency in individual patients. Some patients seemingly tolerate very high blood pressure for years without symptoms, whereas less fortunate patients experience catastrophic end-organ damage at lower blood pressures. Symptoms and signs of hypertensive emergency and urgency are nonspecific and tend to blend together. The distinction usually depends upon the clinical assessment of the degree and rate of rise of blood pressure and the presence of potential for end-organ damage or loss of life over time (hours to days vs days to weeks) (Table I).
A View of the Present Status and Future Prospecis of High Purity Germanium

The present state of our knowledge of the properties of high purity germanium is reviewed. The role of excess vacancies, oxygen and high dislocation density in producing trapping in detectors is discussed. By the application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, the major impurities have been identified and aluminum has been found to be the dominant one in most crystals. Analysis has shown that the principal source of aluminum is the polycrystalline starting material. The material problems related to detector fabrication are surveyed and a spectrum taken with a 43 cm3 coaxial detector is presented. It is concluded that the important problems of material development are well delineated but that their solutions will require intensified effort.
Photochemical coupling of enzymes to mammalian cells.

Summary A thermochemical-photochemical bifunctional reagent has been prepared and used for the stepwise coupling of catalase to Chinese hamster ovary cells, to polystyrene beads, and to glucose oxidase. N-(4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl)-4-aminobutryl N'-oxysuccinimide was reacted in the dark with catalase to prepare a catalytically active enzyme derivative containing dark-stable photoreactive side chains. This enzyme derivative was then photocoupled with visible light to tissue culture cells to yield predominantly intact, viable cells “armed” with an average activity equivalent of ∼ 106 enzyme molecules per cell. The photoactivated enzyme derivative containing highly reactive aryl nitrene side chains was coupled under similar reaction conditions to uniform spherical polystyrene latex beads and, simultaneously, to native glucose oxidase.
Calculations of the energetics and structure of Pt(110) reconstruction using the embedded atom method

Abstract The energetics and structure of reconstructed Pt(110)-(1×2) are calculated using the embedded atom method. Several models of the reconstruction are considered, including the missing-row model and the sawtooth (Bonzel-Ferrer) model. The missing-row structure is calculated to be lower in energy than the unreconstructed surface, which is in turn much lower than the sawtooth structure. Multi-layer relaxations are found to occur for all models. In particular, the optimized missing-row geometry shows top interlayer contraction, second-row pairing, third-layer buckling, and fourth-row paining.
An Analysis of Ill-Posed Production Problems Using Maximum Entropy

Production economics problems are often ill-posed. This means that the number of parameters to be estimated is greater than the number of observations. In this article we show how to recover flexible cost functions from very limited data sets using a maximum entropy approach. We also argue that there exists a continuum of analysis between mathematical programming and traditional econometric techniques which is based solely upon the available information. The limiting case of a multi-output cost function recovered using only a single observation of a farmer's allocation decisions can be easily extended to handle more than one observation.
A cell-free system for the synthesis of Sindbis virus subgenomic RNA : Importance of the concentration of the initiating NTP

We describe here an in vitro system for template-dependent initiation and synthesis of a Sindbis virus (SV) subgenomic (SG) RNA transcript. The critical components of this system were (1) a minus-strand promoter-template corresponding to the region of the SV genome from nt 7441 to nt 7772 (-157 to +175 relative to the SG RNA transcription initiation site at nt 7598), and (2) a p15 fraction from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the SV nonstructural proteins, P123 and nsP4 (the nsP2 coding region in P123 contained a mutation which results in more rapid than normal processing of P123). Our data indicate that the SG RNA transcript is of the expected size, of positive polarity, and is initiated at the expected site. Changing the +1 nt from A to G, U, or C resulted in decreased synthesis of the SG RNA transcript. However, in each case, increasing the concentration of the initiating NTP restored synthesis of the transcript to the wild-type level. This is the first demonstration of an in vitro synthesis of an alphavirus SG RNA transcript which is dependent on the addition of an exogenous promoter-template. As such, it will make possible new approaches for learning how the synthesis of SG RNA is regulated.
Expression of Human Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in the YeastPichia pastoris☆

The human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris with the alcohol oxidase promoter. It was secreted from the yeast when either its natural signal sequence or the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal peptide was used. SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed two immunoreactive MCP-1 species at 15 and 8.5 kDa designated MCP-1H and MCP-1L, respectively; both were purified by cation-exchange chromatography. MCP-1H could be converted to MCP-1L by treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F, showing that the former is an N-glycosylated form of the latter. Laser desorption mass spectrometry showed that MCP-1L actually consisted of a mixture of three polypeptides of 8449, 8614, and 8780 Da and MCP-1H showed a broad peak at 11,134 Da. N-terminal peptide sequencing indicated that nearly half of MCP-1L lacked the two N-terminal amino acids found in the native protein. Both MCP-1H and MCP-1L could induce monocyte migration and calcium influx in THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells, although these activities were about 10- to 100-fold lower than those of MCP-1 produced in insect cells.
Epidemiology and Natural History of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Epidemiological studies of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are confounded by the lack of a standardized definition and a diagnostic ‘gold-standard’ for the disorder. In Western countries, 20-40% of the adult population experience heartburn, which is the cardinal symptom of GORD, but only some 2% of adults have objective evidence of reflux oesophagitis. The incidence of GORD increases with age, rising dramatically after 40 years of age. There is also wide geographical variation in prevalence. Complications, including oesophageal ulcer and stricture, and Barrett’s oesophagus, are found in up to 20% of patients with verified reflux oesophagitis. The signs and symptoms of GORD often wax and wane in intensity, and spontaneous remissions have been reported. In most cases, however, GORD is a chronic condition that returns shortly after discontinuing therapy. Although GORD causes substantial morbidity, the annual mortality rate due to GORD is very low (approximately 1 death per 100,000 patients), and even severe GORD has no apparent effect on longevity, although the quality of life can be significantly impaired. There are data to suggest that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contributes to oesophagitis and stricture formation in patients with GORD. Although these data are not conclusive, it seems prudent, if possible, to avoid the use of NSAIDs in patients with GORD, particularly those with oesophageal stricture.
Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain presenting as steroid-responsive optic neuropathy.

The authors describe a case with sarcoidosis and bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia and no extraocular muscle dysfunction. Pupillary constriction to 0.1% pilocarpine was found with normal corneas, no uveitis, and normal corneal sensation. This case most likely had sarcoid involvement of the ciliary ganglia bilaterally with denervation supersensitivity of the pupillary sphincters.
Measurement and the law: Monitoring for compliance with the clean air amendments of 1970

The Clean Air Amendments of 1970 (P.L. 91–604) contain a large number of regulatory approaches designed to operate separately and in combination to improve air quality, thereby protecting the Nation's public health and welfare. These approaches include attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (N AAQS) through State Implementation Plans, control of stationary sources, and control of mobile sources. The paper discusses the essential provisions in each regulatory approach so one can appreciate its underlying purpose and the rationale for the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulatory actions in each area. Air monitoring constitutes one of the most important yardsticks available for judging the effectiveness of regulatory approaches. The paper focuses on one regulatory approach—control of air pollution through State Implementation Plans—depicting it as a feedback control system. The NAAQS are inputs to the system, the Plans are the control mechanism, and air monitoring is the “feedback loo...
Use of Remote Software Download to Improve Operation Efficiency of Next -Generation Optical Transport Networks (NG-OTN)

This paper presents the use of remote software download, upgrade, memory backup and restoration processes to improve operational efficiencies of NG-OTN. Network Element requirements, test results in a multi-vendor environment, and evolutionary considerations are presented.
On the fundamental periods of automorphic forms of arithmetic type

The automorphic forms to be investigated are defined with respect to a congruence subgroup F of an algebraic group G which consists of the invertible elements of a quaternion algebra B over a totally real algebraic number field E. We have G~=GLz(]R)~ (~-I• ~', where 6 resp. 6' is the set of archimedean primes of E unramified resp. ramified in B, and N denotes the Hamilton quaternions. Such a B is said to be of signature (,5, 6'). We consider a holomorphic map h of H a into a complex vector space V such that
Impact of Instructional Practices on Student Satisfaction with Attendings' Teaching in the Inpatient Component of Internal Medicine Clerkships

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and influence of specific attending teaching practices on student evaluations of the quality of attendings’ teaching in the inpatient component of Internal Medicine clerkships.
A temperature-sensitive yeast mitochondrial mutant with altered cytochrome c oxidase subunit.

SOME of the subunits of yeast cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome b and ATPase are synthesised on mitochondrial ribosomes. Inhibition of protein synthesis by antibiotics that specifically affect mitochondrial ribosomes leads to the absence of three subunits of cytochrome oxidase, at least three subunits of ATPase, and a 30,000 molecular weight polypeptide believed to be cytochrome b (ref. 1). This indicated that the mitochondrion is the site of synthesis of these polypeptides, but only inferences could be drawn as to whether their mRNAs were transcribed from mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) or from nuclear DNA. We report here the isolation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is mitochondrially inherited and has an altered subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. The simplest interpretation of our results is that mDNA codes for this subunit.