cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Group sparsity based classification for cervigram segmentation

This paper presents an algorithm to classify pixels in uterine cervix images into two classes, namely normal and abnormal tissues, and simultaneously select relevant features, using group sparsity. Because of the large variations in image appearance due to changes of illumination, specular reflections and other visual noise, the two classes have a strong overlap in feature space, whether features are obtained from color or texture information. Using more features makes the classes more separable and increases the segmentation's quality, but also its complexity. However, the properties of these features have not been well investigated. In most cases, a group of features is selected prior to the segmentation process; features with minor contributions to the results are kept and add to the computational cost. We propose feature selection as a significant improvement in this problem. It provides a robust trade-off between segmentation quality and computational complexity. In this work we formulate the cervigram segmentation problem as a feature-selection-based classification method, and we introduce a regularization-based feature-selection algorithm to leverage both the sparsity and clustering properties of the features used. We implemented our method to automatically segment the biomarker AcetoWhite (AW) regions in a dataset of 200 images of the uterine cervix, for which manual segmentation is available. We compare the performance of several regularization-based feature-selection methods. The experimental results demonstrate that on this dataset, our proposed group-sparsity-based method gives overall better results in terms of sensitivity, specificity and sparsity.
Tracing architecturally significant requirements: a decision-centric approach

This thesis describes a Decision-Centric traceability framework that supports software engineering activities such as architectural preservation, impact analysis, and visualization of design intent. We present a set of traceability patterns, derived from studying real-world architectural designs in high-assurance and high-performance systems. We further present a trace-retrieval approach that reverse engineers design decisions and their associated traceability links by training a classifier to recognize fragments of design decisions and then using the traceability patterns to reconstitute the decisions from their individual parts.
Distribution and proportions of GABA-Immunoreactive neurons in cat primary somatosensory cortex

Certain receptive field properties of cortical neurons depend upon inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. In the somatosensory cortex, iontophoresis of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor blocker, results in enlargement of receptive fields. However, bicuculline's effectiveness in changing receptive field size varies with the neuron's adaptation characteristics, location within a particular submodality region, and laminar location. To test whether regional differences in the effectiveness of bicuculline are correlated with the distribution of cortical GABAergic neurons, we determined the numbers and proportions of GABA-immunoreactive [GABA(+)] neurons within cat primary somatosensory cortex. The laminar distribution of GABA(+) neurons was similar across all four cytoarchitectonic areas of primary somatosensory cortex, with layer II containing the highest areal density of GABA(+) neurons. Numerical proportions of GABA(+) neurons in the total neuron population were similar in areas 3b and 2 (29.8% and 22.6%, respectively). Laminar distributions of the proportions of GABA(+) neurons were also similar in these two areas; in both areas, layer I contained the highest proportion of GABA(+) neurons. The laminar distributions of GABA(+) neuron densities as well as GABA(+) neuron proportions differed from the reported laminar distribution of bicuculline effects on receptive field size. Moreover, within area 3b, these measures showed no evident patterns that might correspond to rapidly adapting and slowly adapting submodality regions.
The TAC paradigm: unified conceptual framework to represent Tangible User Interfaces

This paper introduces a new paradigm for describing Tangible User Interfaces (TUI). The paradigm presented here encompasses existing TUI classifications and proposes a unified conceptual framework with which all TUIs can be understood. In order to show that the new paradigm holds and can be generalized we analyzed several existing TUIs using the proposed paradigm.
Immigration and Educational Inclusion: Preliminary Evidence from Three Schools in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This exploratory comparative case study examines three schools in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires that have a considerable number of recent immigrant students. The article illustrates how these schools advance ideas of inclusiveness and pluralism through the curriculum and educational opportunities, as mandated by the national education law of 2006 and current core curricular standards. The study draws on data from participant observations and semi-structured interviews with administrators and teachers, gathered between 2009 and 2010. Preliminary results show inconsistent practices across schools, leaving many immigrant students ill-prepared and unsupported to become acculturated into Argentine society. This inconsistency appears to stem, at least in part, from two factors: the schools’ missions and organizational practices; and lack of teacher in-service training and sufficient support from the city’s central administration.
Remarkable levels of avian louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) diversity in the Congo Basin

Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo is considered a megadiverse country, the Congo Basin is not recognized as a conservation priority because of gross underestimates of species diversity and endemism, especially for invertebrate taxa. Examining ectoparasitic chewing lice parasitizing birds in this region could provide valuable information pertaining to the diversity of invertebrate taxa as well as host–parasite interactions within the Congo Basin. In this study, we used molecular and morphological data to examine avian louse diversity. From 60 parasitized birds, we documented 39 new host associations, and at least 12 and 17 species of amblyceran and ischnoceran chewing lice, respectively. Morphologically, we identified a minimum of 13 new species. Due to a lack of available reference material, we were unable to identify some specimens and it is likely many, if not all of these, represent new species. Our sampling efforts, morphological examinations and molecular analyses reveal an astounding amount of louse diversity in the Congo Basin.
Functional coupling of tight junctions and microfilaments in T84 monolayers

The actin-binding agent cytochalasin D (CD) in intact intestinal epithelium appears to elicit segmentation and contraction of a perijunctional ring of actomyosin and, consequently, to diminish tight junction resistance. We determined if an intestinal epithelial model composed of T84 cells also displayed such a perijunctional cytoskeletal specialization and, if so, whether exposure to CD also affected the tight junction barrier. We find T84 cells display a prominent perijunctional microfilament ring that is actin rich. CD elicits large decreases in transepithelial resistance due specifically to perturbed tight junction permeability as determined with dual Na+-mannitol flux analysis. Transepithelial mannitol and insulin fluxes also increase after CD exposure, but these molecules remain differentially restricted in accordance with their sizes, indicating that gross disruption of the monolayer has not occurred. Structurally, CD elicits segmentation and condensation of the perijunctional ring into actin-rich plaques. These features have similarity to those seen in native intestinal epithelia. This system may represent a simple model for studies of cytoskeletal-tight junction relationships.
MoS2 Transistors Fabricated via Plasma-Assisted Nanoprinting of Few-Layer MoS2 Flakes into Large-Area Arrays

Large-area few-layer-MoS2 device arrays are desirable for scale-up applications in nanoelectronics. Here we present a novel approach for producing orderly arranged, pristine few-layer MoS2 flakes, which holds significant potential to be developed into a nanomanufacturing technology that can be scaled up. We pattern bulk MoS2 stamps using lithographic techniques and subsequently transfer-print prepatterned MoS2 features onto pristine and plasma-charged SiO2 substrates. Our work successfully demonstrates the transfer printing of MoS2 flakes into ordered arrays over cm2-scale areas. Especially, the MoS2 patterns printed on plasma-charged substrates feature a regular edge profile and a narrow distribution of MoS2 flake thicknesses (i.e., 3.0 ± 1.9 nm) over cm2-scale areas. Furthermore, we experimentally show that our plasma-assisted printing process can be generally used for producing other emerging atomically layered nanostructures (e.g., graphene nanoribbons). We also demonstrate working n-type transistors ...
Using spatiotemporal correlative niche models for evaluating the effects of climate change on mountain pine beetle

Over the last decade, western North America has experienced the largest mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in recorded history, and Rocky Mountain forests have been severely impacted. Although bark beetles are indigenous to North American forests, climate change has facilitated the beetle's expansion into previously unsuitable habitats. We used three correlative niche models (maximum entropy [MaxEnt], boosted regression trees, and generalized linear models) to estimate (1) the current potential distribution of the beetle in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region, (2) how this distribution has changed since historical outbreaks in the 1960s and 1970s, and (3) how the distribution may be expected to change under future climate scenarios. Additionally, we evaluated the temporal transferability of the niche models by forecasting historical models and testing the model predictions using temporally independent outbreak data from the current outbreak. Our results indicated that there has been a significant expansion of climatically suitable habitat over the past 50 yr and that much of this expansion corresponds with an upward shift in elevation across the study area. Furthermore, our models indicated that drought was a more prominent driver of current outbreak than temperature, which suggests a change in the climatic signature between historical and current outbreaks. Projections under future conditions suggest that there will be a large reduction in climatically suitable habitat for the beetle and that high-elevation forests will continue to become more susceptible to outbreak. While all three models generated reasonable predictions, the generalized linear model correctly predicted a higher percentage of current outbreak localities when trained on historical data. Our findings suggest that researchers aiming to reduce omission error in estimates of future species responses may have greater predictive success with simpler, generalized models.
Preparation and Field Emission Capability of Silver Tetracyanoquinodimethane Nanowire Array

The well-aligned silver 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(AgTCNQ) nanowire array was prepared with the anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template method.The size,length and morphology of AgTCNQ nanowires were well characterized via scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy(TEM).It is revealed that the AgTCNQ nanowires are uniform and both the length and diameter are controllable.The field emission property of the AgTCNQ was studied and the result revealed that the template-synthesized AgTCNQ nanowire array had excellent field emission property.The turn-on electric field of electron emission is 1.51 V/μm,and the F-N enchancement factor is 21.4,which suggest that AgTCNQ nanowires are perfect candidates for field-emitting materials.
Dynamic Mathematical Modeling for the Steam Generator of Supercritical Once-through boiler

Taking the steam generator of a 600WM supercritical once-through boiler as the object of study,based on the basic equation of the processes,this paper establishes a dynamic model of the one phase flow and the two phase flow using the substantial derivative method,and a nonlinear spatial mathematical model under subcritical and supercritical condition is gained.Using this model,dynamic characteristic of 600WM supercritical once through boiler under various typical working conditions is studied.The results proved to be correct,and will be helpful to the scope simulation of the steam generator of the supercritical once-through boiler.
Virulence of Pasteurella multocida in atrophic rhinitis of gnotobiotic pigs infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida have been implicated in the aetiology of atrophic rhinitis of pigs but the precise cause and pathogenesis of field outbreaks have still to be clarified. The virulence of 11 strains of P multocida was investigated by intraperitoneal injection of culture filtrates in BALB/C mice, or by infection of gnotobiotic piglets given B bronchiseptica five days previously. Three of four type D strains of P multocida were lethal for mice and caused severe turbinate lesions and shortening of the snout with B bronchiseptica in gnotobiotic pigs; large numbers of P multocida and B bronchiseptica persisted for 64 days in the nasal cavity of these pigs. The fourth strain caused moderately severe turbinate lesions in gnotobiotic pigs infected with B bronchiseptica; small numbers of P multocida were found in these pigs and the lesions were attributed mainly to B bronchiseptica. Filtrates from seven strains of P multocida (four type A and three type D) were not lethal for mice and these strains with B bronchiseptica caused moderately severe turbinate lesions in gnotobiotic pigs; five of them colonised the nasal cavity reasonably well for 35 days but the lesions were attributed mainly to B bronchiseptica. The turbinate bones had regenerated by 64 days in pigs given type A strains ot P multocida whereas the lesions persisted in pigs given type O strains. Antibodies to P multocida were detected in sera from infected gnotobiotic pigs by acid agglutination but not by indirect haemagglutination tests; neutralising activity to the mouse lethal toxin was detected in serum from one of five piglets at 64 days. The lethal toxin was inactivated at 56°C for 30 minutes, by incubation with protease K for two hours and by 0 2 per cent formalin for 18 hours at 37°C but not by trypsin; it was precipitated by 30 to 40 per cent saturation with ammonium sulphate and remained in the supernatant after centrifugation at 150,000 g. It was concluded that infection with virulent, type D strains of P multocida and B bronchiseptica could explain severe outbreaks of atrophic rhinitis; large numbers of both organisms persisted in the nasal cavity of gnotobiotic pigs with severe lesions; and that a soluble, heat-labile toxin may be an important virulence determinant in the type D strains of Pmultocida that cause severe atrophic rhinitis.
Systematics of the genusCidariaTreitschke (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Abstract The genus Cidaria Treitschke is revised. Eight species of the genus which occur widely in the Palaearctic and northern India, are recognized, of which one, Cidaria luteata sp. nov., is described as new while two subspecies of C. fulvata (Forster) are elevated to species, C. nugata Felder stat. rev ., and C. distinctata Staudinger stat. nov. C. ochripennis Prout is proposed as a junior synonym of C. ochreata Staudinger. C. deletaria Hampson is excluded from the genus. All species of Cidaria and their genitalia are described and illustrated. The cladistic analysis of these eight species of Cidaria is carried out using two data matrices, the first comprising morphological characters alone and the second morphological and distributional characters. The most parsimonious cladogram of Cidaria is selected, and its monophyly defined. The character analysis shows that some distribution characters contribute to resolving the ingroup node. The choice of multiple trees is discussed.
Using collision cones to assess biological deconfliction methods.

Biological systems consistently outperform autonomous systems governed by engineered algorithms in their ability to reactively avoid collisions. To better understand this discrepancy, a collision a...
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in bimetallic nanostructure-enhanced methylammonium lead bromide perovskites

In this work, we examine the impact of hybrid bimetallic Au/Ag core/shell nanostructures on the carrier dynamics of methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) mesoporous perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Plasmon-enhanced PSCs incorporated with Au/Ag nanostructures demonstrated improved light harvesting and increased power conversion efficiency by 26% relative to reference devices. Two complementary spectral techniques, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and time-resolved photoluminescence (trPL), were employed to gain a mechanistic understanding of plasmonic enhancement processes. TAS revealed a decrease in the photobleach formation time, which suggests that the nanostructures improve hot carrier thermalization to an equilibrium distribution, relieving hot phonon bottleneck in MAPbBr3 perovskites. TAS also showed a decrease in carrier decay lifetimes, indicating that nanostructures enhance photoinduced carrier generation and promote efficient electron injection into TiO2 prior to bulk recombination. Furthermore, nanostructure-incorporated perovskite films demonstrated quenching in steady-state PL and decreases in trPL carrier lifetimes, providing further evidence of improved carrier injection in plasmon-enhanced mesoporous PSCs.
Relationships between landscape pattern metrics, vertical structure and surface urban Heat Island formation in a Colorado suburb

Change in land surface temperature (LST) due to urbanization is a critical influence on the ecohydrological function and human health in cities. Past research has emphasized land cover composition and planimetric landscape pattern as drivers of LST patterns, but there have been few empirical studies examining the effects of vertical structure on thermal variation in cities. We used agglomerative cluster analysis to group 5 ha grid cells with similar land cover composition from high-resolution land cover data for our Aurora, Colorado, USA study area. We then compared the importance of different planimetric landscape pattern metrics and lidar-derived vertical structure variables as predictors of LST estimated from Landsat 5 thermal band data for each group. Variation in LST between cluster groups was analyzed with landscape and vertical structure data using random forest regression models and conditional variable importance metrics. Cluster analysis produced 7 distinct groups differing in land cover composition, planimetric landscape pattern, and vertical structure. Clusters with greater tree cover and higher mean tree height were generally cooler, while the height difference between buildings and trees had high conditional variable importance in random forest regression models. We found that the specific planimetric landscape pattern and vertical structure metrics most important for individual clusters differed, suggesting that the relative importance of variables depends on land-use and land cover. Our results highlight the importance of including vertical structure in empirical analyses of urban LST.
High-Entropy Alloys: A Current Evaluation of Founding Ideas and Core Effects and Exploring “Nonlinear Alloys”

The burgeoning field of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is underpinned by two foundational concepts, and early research has been motivated by several hypotheses known as “core effects.” The field is now entering its teenage years, and sufficient data have been collected to evaluate these hypotheses and to take a fresh look at the foundational concepts. Although recent assessments have concluded that two of the four HEA hypotheses are not supported by available data, new studies are already coming online to extend these analyses, and new interpretations are inspiring new directions for research within the field. This article gives an up-to-date evaluation of the HEA “core effects” and proposes “nonlinear alloys” as a new strategy to embrace the founding concept of compositional and microstructural vastness.
Desmoid Tumors: A Review of Their Natural History, Imaging, and Treatment

Abstract Desmoid tumors are uncommon neoplasms that are also termed desmoid-type fibromatosis and aggressive fibromatosis. Although desmoids lack metastatic potential, they often exhibit aggressive local invasion. Desmoid tumors have a typical but nonspecific appearance on multiple imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Radiology plays an integral role with imaging and intervention in the management of these tumors as their location and relationship to adjacent structures determines the optimal treatment pathway. Currently, the standard of care for the management of desmoid tumors begins with a conservative observational approach, with additional interventions, such as surgery, radiation, systemic therapy, or alternative therapies used depending on the behavior of the individual desmoid tumor. Although not malignant, desmoid tumors can have serious medical and psychological implications for patients.
Cooperative Activation of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Both skeletal and cardiac muscles show a steep force-pCa relationship indicative of cooperative activation, but there are differences in some of the underlying mechanisms of this cooperativity. As we have discussed previously (Gordon et al, 2000), these give rise to significant differences in the properties of skeletal and cardiac muscle that are important for their various physiological roles and methods of control. Cardiac contractions occur spontaneously and rhythmically, driven by the cardiac pacemaker cells in the SA node, with spread of electrical activity from cell to cell. This activates cardiac cells in sequence to eject blood allowing the heart to function as a periodic pump. Since each cell contracts on each beat, variations in cardiac output occur with variations in heart rate and the strength of contraction on each beat. Through intrinsic and extrinsic regulation via the autonomic nervous system, the rate and strength of each contraction can be regulated to meet the circulatory needs. In contrast, skeletal muscle contraction is controlled through the central nervous system as motor units, defined as a motoneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. Although force varies with frequency of stimulation of each motor unit, the major means of regulation is by recruitment of motor units, a mechanism unavailable to the heart cells.
Vibrations of Discretely Layered Structures Using a Continuous Variation Model

Recently, there has been a large body of work directed towards the use of non-homogeneous materials in controlling waves and vibrations in elastic media. Two broad categories have been studied, namely, media with continuous variation of properties and those with discrete layers (cells). Structures with both a finite and infinite number of cells (periodic layout) have been examined. For the former, direct numerical simulation or transfer matrix methods have been used. The current work focuses on one-dimensional cases, in particular a two-layer cell. Transfer matrix methods require writing solutions for each layer of the basic cell and then matching them across the interface, a process that can be quite lengthy. Here an alternate strategy is explored in which the discrete cell properties are modeled by continuously varying functions (here logistic functions), which has the advantage of working with a single differential equation. Natural frequencies have been obtained using a forced motion method and are in excellent agreement with those found using a transfer matrix approach. Mode shapes for the continuous variation model have been obtained using a finite difference scheme and compare well with those obtained via the transfer matrix approach.
Childhood Conditions Predict Chronic Diseases and Functional Limitations Among Older Adults: The Case of Indonesia:

Objective: Limited knowledge exists about whether childhood health and socioeconomic status (SES) conditions influence health among older adults in Indonesia. Method: Data from Wave 5 (2014/2015) of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (N = 6,530) was used to examine associations between childhood health and SES and hypertension, lung conditions, diabetes, lower body functional limitations (LBFL), and instrumental activities of daily living limitations (IADL). Results: Poor childhood health was associated with 34% higher odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, p < .05), 37% higher odds of diabetes (OR = 1.37, p < .05), and 32% higher odds of lung conditions (OR = 1.32, p < .05). Household overcrowding was associated with 22% higher odds of a LBFL (OR = 1.22, p < .05) and 24% higher odds of an IADL (OR = 1.24, p < .01). Lacking a household toilet was associated with 18% higher odds of a LBFL (OR = 1.18, p < .05). Adjusting for adult SES and current health did not account for these relationships. Discussion: Childhood conditions appear to shape older adult health in Indonesia.
Cannabis Fear Deconditioning: An Autobiological Marijuana Memoir of a South Asian-Oklahoman Physician-Scientist

Here I take up calls to engage in developing an “ethnobiology of us,” in which Western biota-cultural relations are centered. When Western-influenced scholars study extinct and extant cultures of cannabis cultivation, trade, and consumption in celebratory, reverential, or mundane contexts, it is crucial for appropriate self-reflective positionality to appreciate the power, persistence, and remarkable idiosyncrasy of the western socioecological worldview of cannabis. In humancannabis relations, I argue this is essential, as the Western worldview carries profound hegemonic weight, influencing preconceptions of scholars and global societies. A prevailing Western notion is that close contact with cannabis is socially legitimate only for a privileged few and otherwise harshly criminalized and stigmatized. Constructed scarcity and inequitable accessibility of this traditional and widely cultivated species and its products are ubiquitous, including near-total invisibility of wild and cultivated plots.Drawing upon my own memories and reflections navigating multiple cannabis-related cultural frames, spanning from disgust to fear and curiosity to reverence, I will chronicle the cannabis and the various cultural frames in which it was embedded, which I have passively or actively encountered throughout my life, including in my training and practice as a geographer and medical doctor. The thematic arc has been shifting from alienating to allying with cannabis, yet, at the same time, being ever-vigilant of the official marginality of that alliance and related structural violence. To adapt to that social marginalization, I have come to accept various logics that connect cannabis with the body, stretching from spiritual and cosmological, cultural-traditional, and pharmacological-biochemical.
Identification of Child Maltreatment-Related Emergency Department Visits in Connecticut, 2011 to 2014.

Child maltreatment identified by medical professionals is poorly represented in records of child protection. International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM...
Pollution Havens: A Korean Case Study

When we discuss development, environment, and multinational corporations (MNCs), a major concern has been that differences among countries in environmental standards and costs may cause relocation of economic activity, especially “dirty” industries, from countries with rigid standards and strict enforcement to those regulations and enforcement are lax. Perhaps the most significant change in the environmental politics of the 1990s is that environmental protection has moved from the margins into the mainstream. As such, environmental protection has become a salient issue in the global community. This paper is based on an earlier work published in the International Journal of Public Administration. The study explored the question of industrial flight by examining DuPont’s decision to locate its titanium dioxide producing plant in Korea in the late 1980s. The industrial flight and pollution haven hypotheses are relevant here to the investigation of the role of environmental factors in determining new plant location in foreign direct investment. Furthermore, DuPont’s entry into Korea illustrates the complexity of industrial location decisions involving the dynamics of international trade, the production and the investment. The international issues are of two types in this respect.
The Spectrum of Pericardial Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Systematic Review of Literature.

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that commonly co-occurs with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in elderly patients. Pericardial disease is an unusual manifestation of these inflammatory conditions, which has been reported only in case reports and small observational studies. However, no extensive research has been performed to study the demographics and clinical history of GCA or PMR patients with concomitant pericardial features. As a result, the medical evidence to help guide the physicians when evaluating such individuals is limited. Objective To perform a systematic review of the medical literature in order to summarize the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of this unique association. Methods We conducted an extensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Google Scholar, and gray literature to identify all the cases of GCA and PMR with pericardial involvement. The demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of the final cohort were reviewed and analyzed. Results The analysis comprised 52 clinical cases (51 identified from 46 articles and 1 from the residents' clinic). These included 44 patients with GCA and 8 with PMR. The mean age at presentation was 69.5 years, with only 46% of patients older than 70 years. The most common abnormality was pericardial effusion (85%), and in 37%, the pericardial event was the initial disease manifestation. Although a significant proportion of the patients were symptomatic (69%), the classic cranial symptoms were present in only 40%. Overall, the outcome was good even in the presence of large-vessel disease, which is usually a poor prognostic factor in classic GCA. On group analysis, patients with PMR were more likely to develop cardiac tamponade (37.5%; odds ratio, 25.8; confidence interval, 2.2-297.5; p = 0.01), whereas those with GCA were more likely to have large-vessel vasculitis (43%; odds ratio, 5.18; confidence interval, 0.58-252.1; p = 0.04). Conclusions This study illustrates that patients with pericardial involvement represent a clinical phenotype of GCA (and possibly PMR), which is quite different from the cranial or large-vessel forms. These patients have a better prognosis likely due to younger age and presence of more overt symptoms resulting in early diagnosis.
Numerical Simulations of Overturned Traveling Waves

Dimension-breaking continuation as a numerical technique for computing large amplitude, overturned traveling waves is presented. Dimension-breaking bifurcations from branches of planar waves are presented in two weakly-nonlinear model equations as well as in the vortex sheet formulation of the water wave problem, with the small scale approximation (Ambrose et al., J Comput Phys 247:168–191, 2013; Akers and Reeger, Wave Motion 68:210–217, 2017). The challenges and potential of this method toward computing overturned traveling waves at the interface between three-dimensional fluids is reviewed. Numerical simulations of dimension-breaking continuation are presented in each model. Overturned traveling three-dimensional waves are presented in the vortex sheet system.
Considerations for the incorporation of mindfulness into pharmacy education.

Abstract Introduction A range of approaches are needed to bolster the mental health and well-being of pharmacists and student pharmacists. Commentary In recent years, medical and nursing educators have been training students to use mindfulness-oriented meditation (MOM) techniques such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for mental health, wellness, and greater attention and presence. MOM training should be considered for incorporation into pharmacy education. Mindfulness can be included in the pharmacy curriculum in a variety of ways. These include introducing students to the topic didactically, encouraging and facilitating students to take an MBSR course, workshop, or online self-study, and integrating mindfulness through mindful moments during critical educational activities like product verification and communication assessments. Implications Mindfulness may be a valuable skill for student pharmacists, thus we encourage schools to expose students to the concepts of mindfulness and MOM techniques like MBSR. Additionally, more robust and rigorous research is needed to better understand the effects of MOM in different settings and contexts.
J-harmonic functions on almost Hermitian manifolds

Abstract We define an operator Δ J on any almost Hermitian manifold by first projecting the gradient of a function to the tangent space of its level set, and then taking the divergence. We call Δ J the J-Laplacian operator. It is then shown that J-harmonic functions, which are functions H satisfying Δ J H = 0 , are first integrals of the vector field δ ω # where ω is the fundamental 2-form. This generalizes the notion of Hamiltonian functions on symplectic manifolds, and provides a refreshing way to interpret the seminal classification of almost Hermitian manifolds by Gray and Hervella. Existence and non-existence of J-harmonic functions under some conditions are explored, where a connection to the problem of existence of closed orbits in dynamical systems is revealed.
The Drawbacks of Electoral Competition

The Drawbacks of Electoral Competition* Alessandro Lizzeri New York University Nicola Persico University of Pennsylvania* September 1999. This version, May 2002. Abstract I n most major democracies, there are very few parties compared to the num­ ber of possible policy positions held by voters. We provide an efficiency rationale for why it might be appropriate to limit the proliferation of parties. We show that the larger is the number of parties the greater the inefficiency of the out¬ come of electoral competition. The reason is that, when the number of parties increases, electoral incentives push each party to focus its electoral promises on a narrower constituency, leading to a worse prevalence of special interest politics a' la Myerson (1993). Special interest policies replace more efficient policies which have diffuse benefits. The analysis provides a possible explanation for the existence of institutional features that limit the extent of electoral competition: thresholds of exclusion, run-of electoral systems, and majoritarian two-party political systems. This drawback of electoral competition does not necessarily imply the superiority of two-party systems: one must take into account the known advantages of multi¬ party systems. *The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the NSF under grants SBR 9911496 and 9905564, respectively. The authors are grateful to Johannes Horner, Antonio Merlo, Roger Myerson, Wolfgang Pesendorfer, Michele Piccione, Chun Seng Yip, and especially Herve Roche. ^Department of Economics, 269 Mercer Street, New York, N Y 10003; email: alessandro .lizzeri@nyu.edu. ^Department of Economics, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia PA 19104; email: persi- co@ssc.upenn.edu. Web: http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~persico.
Geological monitoring networks for risk management close to large rock cliffs: the case history of Gallivaggio and Cataeggio in the italian Alps

Abstract. In areas located near large rock cliffs, risk reduction by early warning monitoring systems highligts potentiality but also critical issues and limits. The paper examines two rock slope failures that occurred in a short time from each other near inhabited areas in the Italian Alps. The viscous behavior of the rock mass was reconstructed through data processing from ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), and elaboration of acceleration and speed curves. Landslides types and underlying complexity associated with rock detachment mechanisms suggest the identification of precautionary alarm thresholds for collapse forecasting. The analysis of financial outlay, both for mitigation works and for monitoring activities, highlight the adequacy and the opportunity to combine passive systems, like embankments or rockfall drapery meshes, with a reliable monitoring network for early warning.
$i$mproved Master for the LSS: Fast and accurate analysis of the two point power spectra and correlation functions

We review the methodology for measurements of two point functions of the cosmological observables, both power spectra and correlation functions. For pseudo-$C_\ell$ estimators, we will argue that the window (or the selection function) weighted overdensity field can yield more optimal measurements as the window acts as an inverse noise weight, an effect that becomes more important for surveys with a variable selection function. We then discuss the impact of approximations made in the Master algorithm and suggest improvements, the $i$Master algorithm, that uses the theoretical model to give unbiased results for arbitrarily complex windows provided that the model satisfies weak accuracy conditions. The methodology of $i$Master algorithm is also generalized to the correlation functions to reconstruct the binned power spectra, for E/B mode separation, or to properly smooth the correlation functions to account for the scale cuts in the Fourier space model. We also discuss the impact of errors in the window estimation and show that these errors have both an additive and multiplicative effects on the over density field. Multiplicative effects show up as mis-estimated window power and are typically higher order but can be important at the few percent precision requirements. Accurate estimation of window power can be required up to scales of $\sim 2\ell_\text{max}$ or larger. Misestimation of the window power leads to biases in the measured power spectra which scale as ${\delta C_\ell}\sim M^W_{\ell\ell'}\delta W_{\ell'}$, where the $M^W_{\ell\ell'}$ scales as $\sim(2\ell+1)C_\ell$ leading to effects that can be important at high $\ell$. While the notation in this paper is geared towards photometric galaxy surveys, the discussion is equally applicable to spectroscopic galaxy, intensity mapping and CMB surveys.
Composition and Intraspecific Variability in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Diets in a Eutrophic Estuary

This study assessed the diet of Summer flounder (SF, Paralichthys dentatus) in Shinnecock Bay, NY. Summer flounder are a recreationally and commercially important marine flatfish species found along the Eastern U.S. coastline. Despite their importance, few studies have examined the trophodynamics of a broad size spectrum of this species. Diet composition of summer flounder (n= 88) was assessed from 2014 to 2016 throughout Shinnecock Bay, a eutrophic bar-built estuary in New York. Species consumed and diet species richness differed significantly amongst SF size classes, with large (≥375 mm total length) and medium (>225:<375 mm) summer flounder showing higher levels of piscivory and more diverse diets than small-sized (≤225 mm) conspecifics. As voracious plastic predators, trends in annual and monthly diet variation generally followed prey availability in Shinnecock Bay. One exception to this general pattern occurred for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). Despite their low relative abundance in the bay, winter flounder was highly preferred as prey by summer flounder; (Chesson index, α= 0.35) and was their predominant prey item accounting for 12.3 % (s.d.±3.9%) of the diet by weight. Other factors that explained the variability of the diet of summer flounder were year, month, dissolved oxygen concentration, bay region and habitat, with a cumulative variance of 10.3 %. Interestingly, clear differences in the diet (i.e. species richness and abundance) of summer flounder were found within regions of Shinnecock Bay, with a decrease in teleost biomass and species richness observed in the western region where water quality is more degraded and less seagrass is available compared to the more pristine eastern region. Distinct trophic dynamics in degraded habitats suggests fundamentally different food webs that could have important consequences to ecosystem stability and resilience. As coastal areas continue to experience degradation, diet studies of economically and ecologically important species can aid in the development of effective ecosystem-based management plans.
Managing a Psychology Internship Program

Publisher Summary This chapter explains managing a psychology internship program. The training director is responsible for the effective management of the psychology internship program. In addition, the training director must think about the relationship of the internship program to the broader healthcare context. The process of dealing with intern difficulties should be fair and follow a planned method of handling problems, and it should involve collaborative decision making with all those involved with the intern who is having problems The training director must develop and maintain collaborative training relationships with other professions, support clinical programs that offer inter professional care, and contribute to the development and ongoing provision of interprofessional training experiences for all healthcare trainees. In doing so, the training director is enhancing collaborative care in the healthcare setting. This chapter summarizes that, it is equally as important, that he or she enhances training for psychology interns that can optimally prepare them for the healthcare system into which they will emerge at the end of internship.
Mosaic composition of ribA and wspB genes flanking the virB8-D4 operon in the Wolbachia supergroup B-strain, wStr

The obligate intracellular bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales), is a widespread, vertically transmitted endosymbiont of filarial nematodes and arthropods. In insects, Wolbachia modifies reproduction, and in mosquitoes, infection interferes with replication of arboviruses, bacteria and plasmodia. Development of Wolbachia as a tool to control pest insects will be facilitated by an understanding of molecular events that underlie genetic exchange between Wolbachia strains. Here, we used nucleotide sequence, transcriptional and proteomic analyses to evaluate expression levels and establish the mosaic nature of genes flanking the T4SS virB8-D4 operon from wStr, a supergroup B-strain from a planthopper (Hemiptera) that maintains a robust, persistent infection in an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line. Based on protein abundance, ribA, which contains promoter elements at the 5'-end of the operon, is weakly expressed. The 3'-end of the operon encodes an intact wspB, which encodes an outer membrane protein and is co-transcribed with the vir genes. WspB and vir proteins are expressed at similar, above average abundance levels. In wStr, both ribA and wspB are mosaics of conserved sequence motifs from Wolbachia supergroup A- and B-strains, and wspB is nearly identical to its homolog from wCobU4-2, an A-strain from weevils (Coleoptera). We describe conserved repeated sequence elements that map within or near pseudogene lesions and transitions between A- and B-strain motifs. These studies contribute to ongoing efforts to explore interactions between Wolbachia and its host cell in an in vitro system.
The State Space Representation and Estimation of a Time-Varying Parameter VAR with Stochastic Volatility

To capture the evolving relationship between multiple economic variables, time variation in either coefficients or volatility is often incorporated into vector autoregressions (VARs). The state space representation that links the transition of possibly unobserved state variables with observed variables is a useful tool to estimate VARs with time-varying coefficients or stochastic volatility. In this paper, we discuss how to estimate VARs with time-varying coefficients or stochastic volatility using the state space representation. We focus on Bayesian estimation methods which have become popular in the literature. As an illustration of the estimation methodology, we estimate a time-varying parameter VAR with stochastic volatility with the three US macroeconomic variables including inflation, unemployment, and the long-term interest rate. Our empirical analysis suggests that the recession of 2007–2009 was driven by a particularly bad shock to the unemployment rate which increased its trend and volatility substantially. In contrast, the impacts of the recession on the trend and volatility of nominal variables such as the core PCE inflation rate and the 10-year Treasury bond yield are less noticeable.
Staff Development through Quality Circles

For staff development to be effective in the middle school or secondary school, it is necessary to involve staff members in the earliest possible stages of planning. This realization has been slow in coming. Finally, educators are becoming aware that traditional practices of bureaucratic school administration, as advanced by Max Weber, Henri Fayol, and Frederick Taylor (Hanson 1985), are ultimately self-defeating. Though the classical bureaucratic model is effective and efficient, it can also cause unwelcome stress in a school. This article examines alternatives for educational leaders in the implementation of inservice programs.
Unusual Drainage of the Right Testicular Vein: A Case Report

Routine dissection was carried out on a 75-year-old male cadaver and the drainage pattern of the testicular veins was identified and photographed. Dissection showed that the right testicular vein demonstrated an abnormal drainage pattern by terminating into the right renal vein. The left testicular vein demonstrated a normal drainage pattern by terminating into the left renal vein. The unusual drainage of the right testicular vein into the right renal vein may complicate hemodynamics thus causing a varicocele. Complications of a varicocele could lead to testis atrophy and/or infertility. Knowing the anatomical variants of the testicular veins drainage pattern may help the surgeon avoid potential complications during routine laparoscopic procedures and may also uncover a reason for male infertility.