cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Cloud Survivability through Dependency based Virtual Machine Placement

Cloud computing is becoming more and more popular in computing infrastructure and it also introduces new security problems. For example, a physical server shared by many virtual machines can be taken over by an attacker if the virtual machine monitor is compromised through one of the virtual machines. Thus, collocating with vulnerable virtual machines, or “bad neighbours”, on the same physical server introduces additional security risks. Moreover, the connections between virtual machines, such as the network connection between a web server and its back end database server, are natural paths of attacks. Therefore, both virtual machine placement and connections among virtual machines in the cloud have great impact over the overall security of cloud. In this paper, we quantify the security risks of cloud environments based on virtual machine vulnerabilities and placement schemes. Based on our security evaluation, we develop techniques to generate virtual machine placement that can minimize the security risks considering the connections among virtual machines. According to the experimental results, our approach can greatly improve the survivability of most virtual machines and the whole cloud. The computing costs and deployment costs of our techniques are also practical.
Comparison of porcine valve xenografts with mechanical prostheses. A 7 1/2 year experience.

A total of 479 valve replacements were performed in 469 patients for aortic, mitral, and tricuspid disease. A total of 529 valves were implanted (311 Carpentier-Edwards, 118 Hancock, 94 Bjork-Shiley, and six other mechanical valves). Of the 479 operations, 51.1% (245) were carried out in male patients and 48.9% (234) were carried out in female patients. The mean age was 57.6 years; however, 28.6% (137) of the operations were performed in patients over 65 years of age. One hundred five patients (21.9%) had had previous cardiac operations of one type or another. Follow-up was 99.6% and the average length of follow-up was 36.2 months. The overall operative mortality was 5.6%. The operative mortality in the isolated aortic valve replacement group was 2.0% and that in the mitral valve replacement group, 4.4%. There was a 5.9% valve explant rate in the Hancock series; however, no valve explants were required because of valve dysfunction in either the Carpentier-Edwards or the Bjork-Shiley groups. The thromboembolic rate in the aortic valve position was 2.4, 1.1, and 2.1 emboli per 100 patient-years in the Hancock, Carpentier-Edwards, and Bjork-Shiley groups, respectively. The thromboembolic rate in the mitral valve position was 2.8, 2.2, and 1.0 emboli per 100 patient-years in the Hancock, Carpentier-Edwards, and Bjork-Shiley groups, respectively.
Leprosy research in the post-genome era.

R O Y CURT I S S 111 * , SALLY B L OWER * * , KEVIN C O O PER * * * , DAVID RUS S ELLt , S AMUEL SIL V E R S T E I Ntt & LOWELL YO U N Gttt * Washington University, Department of Biology, Campus Box 1137, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA * * Department of Biomathematics, University of Califomia, Los Angeles School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA * * * Department of Dermatology, Case Westem Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, LKS 3516, Cleveland, OH 44106-5028, USA t Department of Microbiology and 1mmunology, ComeU University, 5173 Vet Medical Center, Ithaca, NY 14853-2801, USA tt Department of Physiology/Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, Box 22, New York, NY 10032, USA ttt KuzeU Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, 2200 Webster Street, Suite 305, San Francisco, CA 94115-1821, USA
Viral hepatitis. What have we learned about risk factors and transmission

Understanding of transmission of viral hepatitis continues to improve. Patients with certain behaviors (eg, injecting drug use, male homosexual activity) are at risk of infection with multiple hepatitis viruses. However, a significant proportion of patients who become infected have no identifiable risk factor for hepatitis. Many who contract hepatitis B or C are unaware of their infection. Therefore, patients often present with serologic evidence of previous infection but have no knowledge of a previous infection or recognizable risk factors.
Timing of Clinical Billing Reimbursement for a Local Health Department.

OBJECTIVES A major responsibility of a local health department (LHD) is to assure public health service availability throughout its jurisdiction. Many LHDs face expanded service needs and declining budgets, making billing for services an increasingly important strategy for sustaining public health service provision. Yet, little practice-based data exist to guide practitioners on what to expect financially, especially regarding timing of reimbursement receipt. This study provides results from one LHD on the lag from service delivery to reimbursement receipt. METHODS Reimbursement records for all transactions at Maricopa County Department of Public Health immunization clinics from January 2013 through June 2014 were compiled and analyzed to determine the duration between service and reimbursement. Outcomes included daily and cumulative revenues received. Time to reimbursement for Medicaid and private payers was also compared. RESULTS Reimbursement for immunization services was received a median of 68 days after service. Payments were sometimes taken back by payers through credit transactions that occurred a median of 333 days from service. No differences in time to reimbursement between Medicaid and private payers were found. CONCLUSIONS Billing represents an important financial opportunity for LHDs to continue to sustainably assure population health. Yet, the lag from service provision to reimbursement may complicate budgeting, especially in initial years of new billing activities. Special consideration may be necessary to establish flexibility in the budget-setting processes for services with clinical billing revenues, because funds for services delivered in one budget period may not be received in the same period. LHDs may also benefit from exploring strategies used by other delivery organizations to streamline billing processes.
Conclusion: The Future and Class and Politics

The New Class Struggle pits the business-oriented Traditional Middle Class against the New Class contesting for wealth, power, and prestige in post-industrial society. What evidence supports this conclusion? The cleavages the theory predicts do exist, and they are pervasive. There is a clear and robust cleavage separating managers and professionals. In Chapter 2 we used cluster analysis to identify a Traditional Middle Class Worldview, a Traditional Working Class Worldview, and a New Class Worldview. The New Class Worldview is much more prevalent among professionals than among managers, or among any other occupational group.
Continuous, long-term, high-frequency thermal imaging of vegetation: Uncertainties and recommended best practices

Abstract Leaf temperature is an elementary driver of plant physiology, ecology and ecosystem productivity. Individual leaf temperature may deviate strongly from air temperature, and may vary throughout the canopy. Measurements of leaf temperature, conducted at a high spatial and temporal resolution, can improve our understanding of leaf water loss, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates, phenology, and atmosphere-ecosystem exchanges. However, continuous high-resolution measurement of leaf temperature outside of a controlled environment is difficult and rarely done. Here, thermal infrared cameras are used to measure leaf temperatures. We describe two long-term field measurement sites: one in a temperature deciduous forest, and the other in a subalpine conifer forest. The considerations and constraints for deploying such cameras are discussed and the temperature errors are typically +/–1 °C or smaller (σ = 0.60 °C, 2σ = 1.20 °C). Lastly, we compare leaf temperature by species and height at hourly to multi-seasonal timescales and show that on average, leaf temperature is warmer than air temperature in a temperate forest. Leaf temperature can be uniform or heterogeneous across a scene, depending on canopy structure, leaf habit, and meteorology. With this data, we verify that leaf temperature follows classic expectations, yet exhibits noteworthy departures that require additional study and theoretical consideration.
Criminal Justice and Dispute Resolution

Libertarian anarchists envision a system in which disputes between individuals are resolved peacefully through the mediation of wise and fair-minded private arbitrators. Is this wishful thinking? In the present chapter, I review several questions and objections concerning this picture of justice in the anarchist society.
Stress induction techniques in a driving simulator and reactions from newly licensed drivers

Abstract Challenging or unexpected traffic situations, which can induce frustration and other negative emotional states, can lead to unsafe, risky and aggressive driving behaviors. Although prior research has used a variety of techniques to induce emotions in drivers, their immediate reactions were not collected with driving metrics. Since teens, the age group with the highest crash risk, have limited emotion regulation skills and lack driving experience, they demonstrate maladaptive reactions to higher demand driving environments. Therefore, young drivers are important in studying the impact of emotions on driving. Since on-road studies pose too high a safety risk, driving simulation provides a safe environment in which to objectively expose young drivers to challenging traffic situations and to examine their immediate reactions and behaviors. This study aimed to develop and validate a new simulator protocol to induce negative emotional states in young drivers in order to examine the relationship between emotional states and driver reactions. In this study, dynamic stressful traffic events were selected for programming based on a systematic ranking of stress levels and a literature review, and young driver reactions were examined in the presence and absence of added time pressure. Self-reported data were collected from 33 young driver participants who reported their emotional states at four time points during the protocol. These data were then matched with vehicle control behaviors based on measures derived from the simulator. Results demonstrated the validity of the simulator protocol’s stress induction manipulations. The simulated traffic situations resulted in emotional fluctuations over time, with a positive correlation between the magnitude of negative emotions and the number of unsafe behaviors. These newly licensed drivers did not cope well with the presence of slow-moving or braking cars in front. In conclusion, the traffic events in this new protocol were validated as stress-inducing by self-reported emotions and by demonstrated unsafe reactions and driving behaviors. Such a validated protocol can be used to develop and evaluate evidence-based interventions to help young novice drivers manage their emotions and to cope with stressful traffic situations and time pressures.
A Resilient Real-Time Agent-Based System for a Reconfigurable Power Grid

Reliable electricity has become an essential underpinning for national security in modern society. The fault-tolerant generic framework proposed herein can prevent potential outages from happening through intelligent agent coordination. Instead of limiting the system to manage existing devices, the developed system is adaptive to the future power grid in years to come. This paper proposes a hardware-in-the-loop multi-agent system with embedded models and functions
Cockroach-inspired winged robot reveals principles of ground-based dynamic self-righting

Animals and robots alike face challenges of flipping-over as they move in complex terrain. Small insects like cockroaches can rapidly right themselves when upside down, yet small fast-running legged robots are much less capable of ground-based self-righting. Inspired by the discoid cockroach that opens its wings to push against the ground to self-right, we designed actuated wings for robot self-righting based on recently-developed rounded shells for obstacle traversal [1]. We measured the self-righting performance of a robot using these actuated wings, and systematically studied the effects and trade-offs of wing opening magnitude, speed, symmetry, and wing geometry. Our study provided a proof-of-concept that robots can take advantage of an existing body structure (rounded shell) in novel ways (as actuated wings) to serve new locomotor functions, analogous to biological exaptations [2]. Our results demonstrated that the robot self-rights dynamically, with active wing pushing followed by passive falling, and benefits from increasing kinetic energy by pushing faster and longer. Our experiments also showed that opening both wings asymmetrically increases righting probability at low wing opening magnitudes.
Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults.

Purpose:Previous research demonstrates a favorable effect of physical activity on cognitive function among older adults. The potential dose–response relationship between physical activity and cogni...
Progression of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Hereditary Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (P6.247)

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical measures of disease and biological measures of brain atrophy in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (fFTLD). BACKGROUND: FTLD is the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in the presenile population. Up to 10[percnt] of FTLD is caused by autosomal dominant mutations. Natural history studies are needed to quantify the rates of decline in clinical and biological markers of disease in preparation for clinical trials. DESIGN/METHODS: 121 subjects were enrolled. 90 subjects were known carriers of either a pathogenic mutation in C9ORF72 (n=51), Progranulin (n=22), MAPT (n=11), and TARDBP (n=2), or carriers of the MAPT A152T variant (n=4). 31 participants were recruited among non-mutation carrier family members. Regional brain volume measures by the use of structural brain MRI, composite neuropsychological scores and a quantitative measure of daily function, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, were obtained at baseline and at annual follow up visits in a subset of participants. Linear mixed effects models analyses were performed. RESULTS: Bilateral temporal gray matter volume declines at a higher annualized rate in symptomatic mutation carriers (CDR=0.5) as compared to asymptomatic mutation carriers (CDR=0) (p=0.06), and even faster in subjects with higher CDR score (p<0.01). Performance on the composite memory and executive scores decline at a higher annualized rate in symptomatic mutation carriers with CDR=0.5 as compared to asymptomatic mutation carriers (p=0.01), and even faster in symptomatic mutation carriers with CDR≥1. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence for a non-linear acceleration of the brain atrophy rate and progressive cognitive impairment in FTLD mutation carriers at the time of onset of clinical manifestations of disease and correspondent impact on daily life independent function. Study Supported by: The National Institutes of Health grant numbers AG045333 and AG032306 (H.J.R.), and AG019724 and AG023501 (B.L.M.). Disclosure: Dr. Spina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Staffaroni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bonham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Attygalle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kornak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kramer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose.
Histopathologic changes in anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody-positive kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection and no donor specific HLA antibodies

Abstract Objective To determine the association of antibodies against angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R Ab) and histopathologic changes seen in patients with kidney allograft rejection and negative donor specific HLA antibodies (DSA). Methods Stored sera from 27 patients who had biopsy-proven rejection in the absence of DSA were tested for AT1R Ab. Biopsy slides of all patients were re-examined and classified according to Banff 2013 criteria. Histopathologic changes were compared between AT1R positive and negative patients. Results 75% of patients with positive pre-transplant AT1R Ab had antibody mediated rejection (AMR) compared to 37% of AT1R Ab-negative patients. A trend towards increased interstitial inflammation was observed in the AT1R Ab positive group (p = 0.08). More patients in the AT1R Ab positive group had microcirculation inflammation (88% vs 58% with glomerulitis scores ≥1; 75% vs 58% with peritubular capillaritis scores ≥1). Conclusion In kidney transplant recipients with rejection and no DSA, a higher incidence of AMR and worse inflammation scores are observed in the presence of positive pre-transplant AT1R antibodies.
Regional Imbalance affecting quality of e-banking services with special reference to Tuticorin District- An Analysis

Banking is a part and parcel of life. Nowadays all the financial transactions are linked with bank account. Every individual is encouraged to open account account in bank. Due to stiff competition in the banking industry and globalisation of the world leads to various changes in the banks apart from traditional banking activities i.e with the help and advancement of technology (IT) the banks are tremendously changed and computerised. It leads a path way for introducing new electronic banking services which is connected with internet. From that the quality services offered by the banks are increased. The researcher take a step to analyse the factors affecting e-banking services in Tuticorin District.
Curing of [PSI+] by Hsp104 Overexpression: Clues to solving the puzzle.

The yeast [PSI+] prion, which is the amyloid form of Sup35, has the unusual property of being cured not only by the inactivation of, but also by the overexpression of Hsp104. Even though this latte...
Be bad but (still) look good: Can controversial industries enhance corporate reputation through CSR initiatives?

Even though the link between perceived corporate social responsibility fit (PCSR‐fit) and corporate reputation has received much attention from scholars, this tradition has ignored that the underpinnings of this association vary depending on the particular characteristics of each industry under study. To delve into this matter, we investigate in the increasingly relevant context of controversial industries (CIs) how PCSR‐fit could enhance corporate reputation and which are the mediating mechanisms of this association. Our academic contribution is twofold. First, we find that controversial sectors indeed can increase corporate reputation through CSR activities. However, we find that to achieve this goal, the nature of PCSR‐fit should be different than what extant literature indicates, because companies in these settings should directly focus on avoiding or reducing their inherent controversial harm or impact. Second, we evidence that “CSR initiatives’ legitimacy” and “situational skepticism” mediate the PCSR‐fit and corporate reputation relationship in CIs. Therefore, we further unravel the underpinnings of this association to advance what we know on the matter and aid practitioners in this particular context.
Rapid assessment of household needs in the Houston area after Tropical Storm Allison.

BACKGROUND: Tropical Storm Allison, which hit landfall near Galveston, Texas, on June 5, 2001, caused the most severe flood-related damage ever recorded in the Houston metropolitan area. The main goal of the public health response to tropical storm Allison was to evaluate the immediate health needs of the community. METHODS: To estimate damage and household needs, we conducted a rapid needs assessment in the areas most affected by flooding with use of a modified cluster sampling method facilitated by Geographical Information Systems methodology. A total of 420 households participated in the survey, 210 each from the 2 sampling areas. RESULTS: We found a 4-fold increase in illness among persons living in flooded homes compared with those living in nonflooded homes. These findings suggest a need for rapid resolution of flood-related damage and the possibility that residents should seek temporary housing during clean-up and repair. In addition, we obtained reliable estimates of damage and household needs to help guide relief efforts. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the usefulness of a rapid-needs assessment as a tool to identify actual health threats and to facilitate delivery of resources to those with the greatest and most immediate need. Language: en
Neutrophil adhesion to glomerular mesangial cells: regulation by lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure (1). While the pathophysiology of this condition is incompletely understood, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte infiltration of the glomerulus is a characteristic early pathologic finding in many forms of human and experimental GN (reviewed in refs.1–4). For example, an intense PMN infiltrate is a prominant feature of several primary glomerular diseases in man, such as acute diffuse proliferative and crescentic GN (1–5, e.g. Fig.1), and also characterizes proliferative GN complicating systemic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (9). In addition, PMN infiltration is a common finding during the heterologous phase of experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis, and glomerular hypercellularity and proteinuria can be abrogated in this model by prior depletion of phagocytes (6). Monocytic infiltration of the glomerulus has also been identified by morphologic and immunohistochemical techniques in clinical forms of postinfectious and crescentic GN (1–4), and the accelerated model of experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis (1–4, 7, 8). In the latter condition, glomerular monocyte infiltration parallels the development of proteinuria, and, here also, prior depletion of monocytes by irradiation abrogates the development of proteinuria and glomerular hypercellularity (7). The mechanism(s) involved in leukocyte entrapment within the glomerulus in acute GN have not been fully established.
A simple strategy for retargeting lentiviral vectors to desired cell types via a disulfide-bond-forming protein-peptide pair

Despite recent improvements in the engineering of viral envelope proteins, it remains a significant challenge to create lentiviral vectors that allow targeted transduction to specific cell populations of interest. In this study, we developed a simple ‘plug and play’ strategy to retarget lentiviral vectors to any desired cell types through in vitro covalent modification of the virions with specific cell-targeting proteins (CTPs). This strategy exploits a disulfide bond-forming protein-peptide pair PDZ1 and its pentapeptide ligand (ThrGluPheCysAla, TEFCA). PDZ1 was incorporated into an engineered Sindbis virus envelope protein (Sind-PDZ1) and displayed on lentiviral particles while the TEFCA pentapeptide ligand was genetically linked to the CTP. Her2/neu-binding designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin) were used as our model CTPs. DARPin-functionalized unconcentrated lentiviral vectors harboring Sind-PDZ1 envelope protein (Sind-PDZ1-pp) exhibited >800-fold higher infectious titer in HER2+ cells than the unfunctionalized virions (8.5 × 106 vs. <104 IU/mL). Moreover, by virtue of the covalent disulfide bond interaction between PDZ1 and TEFCA, the association of the CTP with the virions is nonreversible under non-reducing conditions (e.g. serum), making these functionalized virions potentially stable in an in vivo setting.
Early Tracheophyte Phylogeny: A Preliminary Assessment of Homologies

Abstract Character matrices for 37 taxa were constructed to assess the phylogenetic relationships among early tracheophytes, to evaluate the status of Equisetum and affinities of the sphenophytes, and to explore four constraints imposed on such analyses: (1) the few diagnostic phenotypic characters preserved in the fossil record of early tracheophytes, (2) ambiguous organographic distinctions among them, (3) the consequences of rapid mosaic evolution, and (4) homoplasy. Despite these constraints, parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses generated trees with well-defined branching topologies that were retained regardless of whether a subset of characters was coded as additive or nonadditive. In addition, Equisetum was positioned with fossil sphenophytes (e.g., Calamites) as well as with fossils described as ferns or fernlike (e.g., Calamophyton). The interpretation of the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa examined in this study suffers from difficulties associated with identifying homologous characters for poorly preserved organisms lacking well-canalized phenotypes.
New Thought and the Inner Child in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s Little Lord Fauntleroy

Anne Stiles, “New Thought and the Inner Child in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s Little Lord Fauntleroy ” (pp. 326–352) In twenty-first-century popular psychology and self-help literature, the “inner child” refers to an original or true self that serves as a repository of wisdom and creativity for its adult counterpart. This essay traces the modern inner child back to the nineteenth-century new religious movement known as New Thought, which emphasized positive thinking as a means to health and prosperity. Emma Curtis Hopkins, the leading New Thought teacher of the 1880s and 1890s, described an idealized “Man Child” within each adult woman who could lead her to spiritual serenity and worldly success. Frances Hodgson Burnett fictionalized this figure in her blockbuster novel Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886), whose eponymous child hero helps his mother achieve undreamed-of wealth and status. He also serves as her proxy outside of the domestic sphere, allowing her to reach personal goals without appearing selfish or inappropriately ambitious. The novel’s enormous popularity may have had something to do with this symbiotic relationship between mother and son. Then as now, the inner child helped women reconcile social pressures to be selfless and giving with career pursuits and self-indulgent behavior. The persistence of the inner child suggests that contemporary feminism still has work to do in enabling women to embrace opportunities without guilt.
Cancer Pain and Physical Modalities

Cancer pain can be quite debilitating, affecting not only quality of life and function, but mood and interpersonal social interactions as well. While pharmacologic interventions play a large role in managing cancer pain, patients may also benefit from physical modalities. Rehabilitation strategies often incorporate the use of physical modalities to reduce symptoms while improving or maintaining function through physical and occupational therapy. These modalities may be better tolerated than pharmacologic approaches alone. Side effects from pharmacologic therapy may limit the progression toward functional improvement in a rehabilitation program.
Axial component of the magnetic field produced by a straight solenoid: Application of the solid angle concept

The magnetic field along the axial direction for a straight solenoid at an arbitrary point is shown to be directly proportional to the solid angle subtended by the current carrying surface. The result is true anywhere, i.e., on the axis or off-axis, for a finite or an infinite solenoid as long as it is straight and the current density is uniform. The geometrical relationship is applied to several special situations where surprising results are easily obtained and discussed.The magnetic field along the axial direction for a straight solenoid at an arbitrary point is shown to be directly proportional to the solid angle subtended by the current carrying surface. The result is true anywhere, i.e., on the axis or off-axis, for a finite or an infinite solenoid as long as it is straight and the current density is uniform. The geometrical relationship is applied to several special situations where surprising results are easily obtained and discussed.
Formation of compound droplets during fragmentation of turbulent buoyant oil jet in water – ADDENDUM

Fragmentation of a vertical buoyant silicone oil jet injected into sugar water is elucidated by refractive index matching and planar laser-induced fluorescence. Compound droplets containing multiple water droplets, some with smaller oil droplets, form regularly at jet Reynolds numbers of . On average, the interior pockets raise the oil–water interfacial area by 15 %, increasing with diameter and axial location. Also, while the oil droplets are deformed by the jet’s shear field, the interior interfaces remain nearly spherical, consistent with prior studies of the deformation of isolated compound droplets for relevant capillary numbers and viscosity ratio.
Understanding Women’s Resistance to Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review:

Scholars widely acknowledge that women oppose male violence and control in intimate relationships. Yet there is limited comprehensive knowledge of how resistance features in intimate partner violen...
Low-Flow Trends at Southeast United States Streamflow Gauges

AbstractWater management and infrastructure design depend on quantifying thresholds in minimum flows. Decreasing trends in low flows have been observed at many stream gauges in the Southeast US; ho...
Relationship conflict, appraisals, and disillusionment: The moderating role of depression

Abstract Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and one that can impact multiple aspects of a person's life, including one's close relationships. The present study applied a stress perspective to examine how a person's depressive symptoms help shape how individuals interpret conflict in their relationships and whether that conflict is associated with heightened relationship disillusionment. Using data collected from 476 romantically-involved individuals, analyses revealed that heightened relationship conflict was associated with more negative conflict-related appraisals and blame, which in turn were linked to greater relationship disillusionment. Moderation analyses identified depressive symptoms as an individual vulnerability that heightened the negative effects of conflict. These findings reveal the importance of individuals' perceptions and depressive symptoms on conflict's relational toll.
Double Bubble: An Anatomic Analysis and Management Algorithm

Double-bubble deformity is an uncommon complication after breast augmentation, manifesting as an abnormal crease running across the lower pole to create the appearance of a breast mound on top of a breast mound. Some breasts are predisposed to this phenomenon, such as those with tuberous breast deformity or constricted base width. More commonly, technical malfeasance is the culprit with overdissection of the IMF and concomitant incomplete release of superficial IMF fibers. This chapter discusses the etiology, anatomic considerations, best practices for prevention, and various treatment methods of double-bubble deformity.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation of an Advanced Distributed Energy Resource Management Algorithm

This paper presents the laboratory performance evaluation of voltage regulation under a new distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) algorithm via an advanced hardware-in-tbe-loop (HIL) platform. The HIL platform provides realistic testing in a laboratory environment, including the accurate modeling of a full-scale real-world distribution system from a utility partner, the DERMS software controller, and power hardware photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The new DERMS algorithm is developed based on online multiobjective optimization (OMOO) algorithms that perform fast dispatch of distributed solar PV simulated in a real-time digital simulator and real physical hardware devices. Experimental tests confirm the correct functioning of the HIL platform for evaluating controller algorithms and satisfactory voltage regulation performance of the developed OMOO algorithms.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Education

COVID-19 has changed education for learners of all ages. Preliminary data project educational losses at many levels and verify the increased anxiety and depression associated with the changes, but there are not yet data on long-term outcomes. Guidance from oversight organizations regarding the safety and efficacy of new delivery modalities for education have been quickly forged. It is no surprise that the socioeconomic gaps and gaps for special learners have widened. The medical profession and other professions that teach by incrementally graduated internships are also severely affected and have had to make drastic changes.
The Impact of Accounting Standard Adoption Complexity on Financial Reporting Quality and Market Outcomes: Evidence from ASC 606

This study examines the impact of accounting standard adoption complexity on financial reporting quality and market outcomes. We capture adoption complexity by uniquely using adoption-related disclosures required under Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 74. We examine the adoption outcomes of the new revenue recognition standard under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606. This standard is one of the most significant changes to accounting standards in recent times. Among materially impacted companies, we find that those with greater adoption complexity experience lower revenue-related financial reporting quality and lower information asymmetry in the post-adoption period. Importantly, we find that reductions in information asymmetry only occur for companies with complex adoptions and higher adoption quality, suggesting that the market discerns between high- and low-quality adopters. Overall, our results suggest that while the adoption of ASC 606 is challenging, it is associated with market benefits. Notably, they underscore the importance for future research and market participants that evaluate adoption outcomes to consider adoption complexity and adoption quality. Otherwise, they could miss an important facet of the adoption and may attribute adoption outcomes less precisely.
EmptyNN: A neural network based on positive-unlabeled learning to remove cell-free droplets and recover lost cells in single-cell RNA sequencing data

Droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has significantly increased the number of cells profiled per experiment and revolutionized the study of individual transcriptomes. However, to maximize the biological signal robust computational methods are needed to distinguish cell-free from cell-containing droplets. Here, we introduce a novel cell-calling algorithm called EmptyNN, which trains a neural network based on positive-unlabeled learning for improved filtering of barcodes. We leveraged cell hashing and genetic variation to provide ground-truth. EmptyNN accurately removed cell-free droplets while recovering lost cell clusters, and achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) of 94.73% and 96.30%, respectively. The comparisons to current state-of-the-art cell-calling algorithms demonstrated the superior performance of EmptyNN, as measured by the number of recovered cell-containing droplets and cell types. EmptyNN was further applied to two additional datasets and showed good performance. Therefore, EmptyNN represents a powerful tool to enhance scRNA-seq quality control analyses.
What Kind of Great Power Will India Be? Indo-U.S. Alignment and India's Broader Foreign Policy Orientation

Although it is often overshadowed by the rise of China, India's ascent since its era of economic liberalization has been one of the more dramatic developments in the international system over the past two decades. As India moves toward great-power status, its strategic choices could have game-changing effects on the international system. This paper explores India‘s evolving alignment posture and broader foreign policy orientation, attempting to put India's rapprochement with the United States and other aspects of its strategic behavior in theoretical perspective.
Assessing Class 1 Integron Presence in Poultry Litter Amended with Wood Biochar and Wood Vinegar

Class 1 integrons are mobile genetic elements that facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has resulted in the rise of antibiotic resistance genes accumulating in a wide range of settings, including poultry houses and the agricultural fields where poultry litter is applied as a fertilizer. Biochar and wood vinegar are forest products wastes that have generated increasing attention as additives to agricultural soils. The objectives of this study were to observe the prevalence of class 1 integrons in poultry litter blended with biochar and wood vinegar over time and to verify a modified class 1 integron screening assay. Poultry litter blends were sampled and screened for class 1 integrons using polymerase chain reaction, and 80 products, 79 of which showed positive, were sent for DNA sequencing. The GenBank® BLAST database was used to verify the presence of the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1). There was no change in prevalence over time in poultry litter blends. Out of 79 PCR products that were intI1 positive, 78 showed at least 95% sequence identity to intI1 encoding bacteria and 64 showed at least 97% sequence identity. This indicates that this method was effective for conducting baseline surveillance of class 1 integrons in poultry litter and poultry litter-blended biochar and/or wood vinegar. Most significantly, class 1 integron prevalence did not decrease over time, further supporting the recalcitrance of these elements and the need for improved monitoring systems.
No Way of Seeing: Mainstreaming and Selling the Gaze of Homo-Thug Hip-Hop

This essay examines the attempt to market to a mainstream audience a gay, Black rapper—Caushun—who embodies competing claims of “thug” masculinity and “queen” femininity. We argue that Caushun might experience failure because his music, and more importantly his music videos, will offer his target audience “no way of seeing” authenticity in his intersecting identities. That is the viewing experience, theorized as the gaze (Mulvey, 1975), when applied to Caushun, demonstrates “gaze gone wrong.” He offers himself up as a “homo-thug” in a homophobic genre, even as the thug identity in hip-hop is marked by its hyper-masculine, violent, and homophobic rhetoric. Caushun lays bare a host of social and marketing challenges that demand exploration.
Global Supply Chain Networks and Risk Management: A Multi-Agent Framework

In this paper, we develop a global supply chain network model in which both physical and electronic transactions are allowed and in which supply-side risk as well as demand-side risk are included in the formulation. The model consists of three tiers of decision-makers/agents: the manufacturers, the distributors, and the retailers who may be located in the same or in dierent countries and may conduct their transactions in distinct
Crude Sources and Refining Trends and Their Impact on Future Jet Fuel Properties

Forecasts of heavier, higher sulfur crudes show the need for more hydrotreating for sulfur removal. Increasing demands for middle distillate products will require more conversion of heavy fractions and more hydrogen processing. JP-5 jet fuel, normally a straight run product, is likely to be made by hydrogenation and hydrocracking with resulting changes in properties. Synthetic crudes from oil shale and coal have special processing needs and will introduce other changes in chemical and physical properties. The study identified properties of future JP-5 production for use in an alternate test procedure to qualify new Navy jet fuels. 21 refs.
Implementing the Social and Economic Promise of the Constitution: The Role of South African Legal Education

The South African Constitution recognizes socio-economic rights as a necessary foundation for the enjoyment of civil and political rights. The South African Constitution, one of the most progressive in the world, contains many important protections such as the rights to equality, housing, and education. The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Law (BEE) was designated to address the economic inequities of apartheid. South Africa’s commitment to economic justice is also evidenced by the fact that it is a signatory to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The challenge is translating these rights into opportunities for social and economic advancement by the vast majority of South Africans living in poverty. This chapter first identifies ways in which legal education must continue to change in order to educate lawyers who are able to assist with South Africa’s development. Second, it analyzes the contributions of clinical legal education since apartheid and some of the obstacles to its growth. Third, the chapter discusses community economic development (CED) law school clinics in the United States and the ways they may provide new ideas for South African legal education. Finally, the chapter discusses specific CED opportunities that exist in South Africa. The article argues that legal education in contemporary Africa must relate to the development needs of the country.
Nuclear–Cytoplasmic Transport

In eukaryotic cells, RNA synthesis in the nucleus is separated from protein synthesis in the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Against a background of emerging information concerning the molecular mechanisms of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, understanding the contribution of this exchange to cellular organization is one of the major challenges in cell biology. Keywords: protein trafficking; RNA transport; nuclear transport; nuclear pore; nucleus
Chapter 9: Counting proteins in living cells by quantitative fluorescence microscopy with internal standards.

Abstract This chapter describes how a confocal microscope can be treated as a spectrophotometer to measure the absolute number of fluorescent molecules in live cells (Wu and Pollard, 2005). 1 The method provides dynamic range of over three orders of magnitude for counting the number of molecules in a single cell. We present a step-by-step guide to measure concentrations in vivo , explaining many of the practical considerations for using this technique. This chapter is meant as a resource for cell biologists, biochemists, and biophysicists interested in quantifying macromolecules involved in their favorite molecular pathways in live cells.
Folding description of elastic and inelastic scattering

The essential features of the folding description of elastic and inelastic scattering reactions are reviewed. A momentum space technique for evaluating folding integrals is emphasized and approximate methods for treating knockout exchange are discussed. Various “realistic” interactions which have been popular in folding model calculations are listed and a qualitative summary of their properties is given. Several applications of the folding model are considered. These cover both elastic and inelastic scattering as well as both nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Specific examples where the tensor and spin-orbit interaction components enter are included. Some new results concerning the excitation of high spin states in 208Pb by 135 MeV are of particular interest.
Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988-2012.

The number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States is affected by diminishing numbers of young persons who are susceptible because of universal infant vaccination since 1991, offset by numbers of HBV-infected persons migrating to the United States from endemic countries. The prevalence of HBV infection was determined by serological testing and analysis among noninstitutionalized persons age 6 years and older for: antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), indicative of previous HBV infection; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), indicative of chronic (current) infection; and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), indicative of immunity from vaccination. These prevalence estimates were analyzed in three periods of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1988-1994 (21,260 persons); 1999-2008 (29,828); and 2007-2012 (22,358). In 2011-2012, for the first time, non-Hispanic Asians were oversampled in NHANES. For the most recent period (2007-2012), 3.9% had anti-HBc, indicating approximately 10.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.4-12.2) million noninstitutionalized U.S. residents having ever been infected with HBV. The overall prevalence of chronic HBV infection has remained constant since 1999: 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2-0.4), and since 1999, prevalence of chronic HBV infection among non-Hispanic blacks has been 2- to 3-fold greater than the general population. An estimated 3.1% (1.8%-5.2%) of non-Hispanic Asians were chronically infected with HBV during 2011-2012, which reflects a 10-fold greater prevalence than the general population. Adjusted prevalence of vaccine-induced immunity increased 16% since 1999, and the number of persons (mainly young) with serological evidence of vaccine protection from HBV infection rose from 57.8 (95% CI: 55.4-60.1) million to 68.5 (95% CI: 65.4-71.2) million. Conclusion: Despite increasing immune protection in young persons vaccinated in infancy, an analysis of chronic hepatitis B prevalence in racial and ethnic populations indicates that during 2011-2012, there were 847,000 HBV infections (which included ∼400,000 non-Hispanic Asians) in the noninstitutionalized U.S. population. (Hepatology 2016;63:388–397)
Chivalry in golf

This paper seeks an economic explanation for the fact that women’s tees in golf are closer to the pin than men’s tees, other things the same, in states of the old Confederacy. This is a robust empirical result that we explain as arising from a more courteous treatment of women in that part of the United States. We also note other explanations.
Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute QEP: Writing Across The Curriculum Professional Development Program

As part of its Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) reaffirmation process, Caldwell Community College (CCC) and Technical Institute's (TI) Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP), entitled “E...
Purification and Analysis of a Membrane-associated Starch-degrading Enzyme from Ruminobacter amylophilus

Abstract A membrane-associated enzyme that could hydrolyse amylose, glycogen, and pullulan was detected in the anaerobic bacterium, Ruminobacter amylophilus. This enzyme could not be removed from the membrane fraction with 1 M NaCl, but could be extracted (at least partially) from the membrane fraction with 4% Triton X-100, indicating that the enzyme had a strong association with the hydrophobic fraction of the cell. Storage of the purified enzyme in 4% Triton X-100 increased its stability, further indicating its hydrophobic nature. Electrophoretic separation of polypeptides contained in the 4% triton-soluble fraction revealed the presence of seven polypeptides, which were further separated by their respective isoelectric focal points. One fraction obtained from isoelectric focusing possessed amylolytic activity and had an isoelectric point of 5.85–5.9. Electrophoretic analysis of this amylolytic fraction revealed only one polypeptide, which possessed a molecular weight of 91.2 kDa (as determined by SDS-PAGE) and 91.3 kDa (as determined by non-denaturing PAGE). Soaking non-denaturing PAGE gels with a 1% solution of soluble starch fol-lowed by soaking with an iodine solution revealed that this poly-peptide degraded starch, confirming its amylolytic nature. Analysis of hydrolytic end products indicated that the enzyme hydrolysed pullulan to produce panose, while amylose and glycogen were hydrolysed to produce only maltose and maltotriose. These features are consistent with a membrane-associated amylase that has some neopullulanase characteristics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.