cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
El Niño–Southern Oscillation Effects on River Flows in the Lower Cape Fear River Watershed, North Carolina

Abstract Well-known responses of regional precipitation in the southeastern United States to variation in the state of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can yield similar regional responses of river discharge. Effects of ENSO on gaged river flows were examined in the lower Cape Fear River basin in southeastern North Carolina. Linear regression of monthly flows against sea surface temperatures (SST) in Nino Region 1 + 2 in the eastern equatorial Pacific identified significant effects of SST on flows, in several winter and spring months in the Black, Northeast Cape Fear, and main stem Cape Fear rivers. Major warm-phase ENSO events, as in 1997–1998, yielded almost a doubling of river discharges in the watershed, while typical cold phase events drove approximately 50% reductions in flows. River discharges have important effects on water supply for human needs, delivery of water to estuaries, and fluxes of water-borne materials to coastal waters. ENSO effects on the Cape Fear River watershed therefore ha...
Assessment of Language Proficiency of Limited English Proficient Speakers

This article presents an assessment instrument relevant to the speech-language skills of limited English proficient children. The function of the speech-language specialist as a member of the asses...
Introduction: An Entree for Social Scientists

This paper presents the reasons for having an issue of JSI on the topic of new medical technologies; the rationale for including perspectives of economists, sociologists, physicians, philosophers, and others; and the organization of the issue. It also presents the framework for the papers that was established by having each author address a common set of questions. Suggestions are made about how psychological theories and methods could be applied to the questions addressed. It is concluded that this is an important area for research, though relatively little work has been done by psychologists. It is hoped that this issue will encourage JSI readers to bring their conceptual and empirical skills to the issues raised in these articles.
Law and the Political Geography of US Corporate Regulation

The recent financial crisis has brought new attention to the politics of economic behaviour in the United States. This article uses a critical legal geographical examination of corporate regulation in the US to guide emerging interest past the narrow focus on the past 10 years to a more substantive engagement with US corporate regulatory history. The argument advanced is that the open, critical and creative public discussion needed to define and enforce the desired role for corporations in contemporary society requires that critical attention be paid to conceptions of the corporation and of corporate rights and the political geography of corporate regulation that have generally gone unexamined.
Automatically identifying relations in privacy policies

E-commerce privacy policies tend to consist of many ambiguities in language that protects companies more than the customers. Types of ambiguities found are currently divided into four patterns: mitigation (downplaying frequency), enhancement (emphasizing nonessential qualities), obfuscation (hedging claims and obscuring causality), and omission (removing agents). A number of phrases have been identified as creating ambiguities within these four categories. When a customer accepts the terms and conditions of a privacy policy, words and phrases (from the category of mitigation) such as "occasionally" or "from time to time" actually give the e-commerce vendor permission to send as many spamming email offers as they deem necessary . Our study uses techniques based on Latent Semantic Analysis to discover the underlying semantic relations between words in privacy policies. Additional potential ambiguities and other word relations are found automatically. Words are clustered according to their topic in privacy policies using principal directions. This provides us with a ranking of the most significant words from each clustered topic as well as a ranking of the privacy policy topics. We also extract a signature that forms the basis of a typical privacy policy. These results lead to the design of a system used to analyze privacy policies called Hermes. Given an arbitrary privacy policy our system provides a list of the potential ambiguities along with a score that represents the similarity to a typical privacy policy.
Substrate curvature resulting from the capillary forces of a liquid drop

Abstract The difference between interfacial tension and interface stress is illustrated by considering a hemispherical liquid drop on a solid substrate. The equilibrium shape is determined by minimizing the total interfacial free energy, which leads to the Young equation for balance of the interfacial tensions. The curvature of the substrate is determined by the interfacial stresses. Two contributions are calculated: one arising from the hydrostatic pressure in the drop, the other from the imbalance of the interfacial stresses.
Heatlines (1983) versus synergy (1998)

Abstract A picture is worth a thousand words. This article is about a picture known as “heatlines” since 1983, and “synergy” since 1998. Both concepts, heatlines and synergy, are about visualizing the physics of convection, which is the combination (superposition) of heat conduction lines and enthalpy flow lines over a material in motion. Heatlines and synergy are reviewed here comparatively. This comparison reveals that synergy is a remake of heatlines, and that synergy has no physical connection with heat transfer enhancement. At bottom, it has become a lot easier to take an existing idea change some key words and drawings and publish the old idea as new.
Fat gravitons, the cosmological constant and submillimeter tests

We reexamine the proposal that the resolution of the cosmological constant problem involves a submillimeter breakdown of the point-particle approximation for gravitons. No fundamental description of such a breakdown, which simultaneously preserves the point-particle nature of matter particles, is yet known. However, basic aspects of the self-consistency of the idea, such as the preservation of the macroscopic equivalence principle while satisfying the quantum naturalness of the cosmological constant, are addressed in this paper within a soft graviton effective theory. It builds on Weinberg's analysis of soft graviton couplings and standard heavy particle effective theory, and minimally encompasses the experimental regime of soft gravity coupled to hard matter. A qualitatively distinct signature for short-distance tests of gravity is discussed, bounded by naturalness to appear above approximately $20\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}.$
A simple chemical method of assessing potentially available organic nitrogen in soil

Abstract A simple chemical method of assessing potentially available organic N in soil is described. It involves determination of the ammonium‐N produced by treatment of the soil sample with 2M KCl at 100°C for 4 hours in a block digester. The method is rapid and precise, and its results are not significantly affected by air‐drying or air‐dry storage of the soil sample before analysis. It is well suited for routine use in soil testing laboratories because it does not require filtration or transfer steps. Studies using 33 Brazilian soils showed that the results obtained by this method were highly correlated with those obtained by aerobic and anaerobic incubation methods of assessing potentially available organic N in soil.
Duplication of the clavicle

Anomalies of the clavicle usually result from defective development in which a portion of the bone is absent. Duplication of the clavicle is a rare anatomic variant.
A Simple, Semiquantitative Device for Liquid–Liquid Separations

A simple liquid–liquid separation device is prepared using a plastic syringe and compatible plastic stopcock. The design allows students to carry out quantitative extractions using a variety of organic solvents. Extraction yields are found to be equally precise and more accurate compared to glass separatory devices. The plastic separatory device is much more economical than the glass counterpart and is far more resistant to breakage. The design allows for simple adaptation to a variety of different syringes, further lowering material costs in the teaching lab.
Protein degradation: the role of mixed-function oxidases.

The mechanisms by which protein oxidation is mediated in the cell are of both biological and pharmacological importance. Oxidases responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics catalyze the oxidative inactivation of select enzymes. Oxidation mediated by mixed-function oxidase (MFO) systems renders proteins more susceptible to proteolysis and, consequently, appears to be a signal for protein degradation. The mode of action of MFO systems is discussed in detail for a specific, well-characterized system—the MFO-catalyzed oxidation of glutamine synthetase (GS). Findings for this system are then generalized to help explain how other metabolic enzymes are oxidized by MFO systems. The broader consequences of oxidative mechanisms are discussed. For example, the accumulation of modified proteins during aging and in some premature aging diseases may be due in part to shifts in the relative rates of oxidation and degradation for these proteins. Further, the oxidation of key metabolic enzymes appears to be responsible for the bacteriocidal action of neutrophils. There is also some evidence that the degradation of endogenous proteins increases following ingestion of, or exposure to, agents that induce MFO activity.
Keyworth reflects Reagan Policy

George Keyworth, new presidential science advisor, revealed what may be the elements of a new approach to the support of scientific research in the United States. Keyworth gave his first major address at the recent Research and Development Policy Seminar held in Washington under the sponsorship of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The United States must be prepared to relinquish its leadership position in some areas of scientific research, he stated. The U.S. will focus its science toward assuring that the country is second to none in military might.
Development and validity of the Outdoor Falls Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to develop and examine the content and face validity of the Outdoor Falls Questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was developed by the primary investigator on the basis of the existing literature on outdoor falls. A rating scale was used to obtain feedback from content experts to ascertain the validity of each question and the questionnaire as a whole. Cognitive interviewing of community-dwelling seniors was performed to ensure accurate interpretation of each question. An expert in questionnaire design reviewed the questions for language and structure. Content experts rated the questionnaire as a whole as 'quite relevant' or 'very relevant' to outdoor falls. The majority of individual questions (22 of 32) were rated by experts as either quite relevant or very relevant. Feedback from reviewers and older adults on specific questions were incorporated into the revised questionnaire. Preliminary testing demonstrates that the Outdoor Falls Questionnaire has good content and face validity. Further testing is needed to examine factor structure, to establish reliability, internal consistency, and interclass correlations. Language: en
What Is the Nature of Polyacetylene Neutral and Anionic Chains HC2nH and HC2nH- (n = 6−12) That Have Recently Been Observed?

The optimized geometries, adiabatic electron affinities, and IR-active vibrational frequencies have been predicted for the long linear carbon chains HC(2n)H. The B3LYP density functional combined with the DZP basis set was used in this theoretical study. The computed physical properties are discussed. The predicted electron affinities form a remarkably regular sequence: 1.78 (HC(12)H), 2.08 (HC(14)H), 2.32 (HC(16)H), 2.53 (HC(18)H), 2.69 (HC(20)H), 2.83 (HC(22)H), and 2.95 eV (HC(24)H). The predicted structures display an alternating triple and very short single bond pattern, with the degree of bond alternation significantly less for the radical anions.
Numerical Considerations in Simulating a Turbulent Suspension of Finite-Volume Particles

Direct numerical simulation of a dilute suspension offinite-volumespheres requires computation of the time-varying fluid field and updating the particle momenta and positions, taking into account the effects due to particle?particle collisions. Collision calculations are inherently an orderN2poperation, whereNpis the number of particles in the system. Typical simulations contain 105?106particles making the brute force computation of collisions prohibitively expensive. An alternative algorithm, based on molecular-dynamic-simulation strategies, is proposed in this paper. A second consideration in simulating a finite-volume particle suspension is how the particle forces should be coupled back into the fluid calculation (so-called reverse coupling). Careful consideration of the energy budget for the particle and fluid phases indicates that interpolation schemes for forward and reverse coupling must be symmetric in order to ensure proper behavior of the overall energy balance. Asymmetric interpolation schemes will lead to errors of one plus the error of the least accurate interpolation method per iteration. Of course, global errors may be much larger due to a cumulative effect of the systematic deviation.
Distinguished Lecture: F

CARLETON STEVENS COON, WHOSE SCHOLARLY LARGESSE knew no bounds, 15 years ago gave me the hint that has led to this paper, and I gratefully dedicate it to his memory.
Zeeman transitions in collisions of na with xe

Abstract Transitions between the Zeeman states of a sodium atom induced bv collision with a ground-state xenon atom have been investigated by quantum-mechanical methods. The calculations were carried out using the pseudo-potentials of Czuchaj and Sienkiewicz, and results pertinent to crossed atomic beam experiments are reported. Comparison with previous theoretical work indicates that a thermally averaged cross section (relevant to cell-type experiment) would be in excellent agreement with recent experimental results.
Robust motion vector prediction algorithms with application to very low bit rate image sequence coding

In this paper a new motion compensated (MC) predictive coding method for image sequences at very low bit rates is presented. This method utilizes a prediction of the displacement vector field (DVF) in order to produce an MC prediction error which is coded and transmitted. Assuming that the two previous frames are available both at the transmitter and the receiver the DVF corresponding to the previous frame is estimated. Then, based on this estimate a temporal prediction of the DVF at the current frame is obtained. Using the assumption that the motion is constant along its trajectory, an auto-regressive (AR) model based method for performing such a prediction is proposed. According to the proposed scheme there is no need to transmit the DVF. Since the transmission of the DVF represents a sizeable overhead in very low bit rate coding of video signals, this method constitutes a major contribution to bit rate reduction and quality improvement. Using the predicted DVF, the MC prediction error is obtained, which is then transform and entropy coded. The proposed algorithm is experimentally tested on standard video-conferencing image sequences and compared to previously reported methods which transmit the motion vectors. Significantly improved results are obtained compared to the methods that transmit the motion vectors in terms of reduced bit- rate and improved quality of the reconstructed image sequence.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
TRAUMATIC AVULSION OF THE DORSAL PENILE ARTERY MIMICKING A PENILE FRACTURE

A 41-year-old black man presented with painful penile swelling. Two hours before presentation, during coitus, he heard a cracking sound and experienced immediate pain and penile swelling. He later admitted to continuing with intercourse for several minutes after the acute traumatic episode. Physical examination revealed marked edema and ecchymosis of the penis, confined to the shaft (part A of figure). He had no difficulty voiding but the presence of microhematuria prompted a retrograde urethrogram, which was normal. Presumptive diagnosis was penile fracture and the penis was explored through a circumferential subcoronal incision. An extensive hematoma was identified below Buck’s fascia with its epicenter at the dorsal mid shaft. Careful dissection in this region identified an avulsed left dorsal penile artery with no active bleeding (part B of figure). No other injuries were noted, and the remaining dorsal neurovascular bundle and the entire tunica albuginea were intact. The hematoma was evacuated and both severed arterial ends were ligated. The penile incision was reapproximated using absorbable suture material. The patient was discharged from the hospital the following day. He did not have any untoward effects after ligation of the dorsal penile artery and has normal erections.
What comes first, agricultural growth or democracy?

Today, the international community faces two major development challenges, how to ignite growth and how to establish democracy. Economic research has identified two plausible hypotheses regarding this association. The first hypothesis emphasizes the need to start with democracy and institutions that secure property rights. The second hypothesis emphasizes the need to start with physical and human capital accumulation. In this paper we discuss some of the econometric evidence on the relationship between institutions, human capital, and agricultural productivity growth across developed and developing countries with the objective of finding support for one or the other hypothesis. We use Barro type growth and timing regressions of agricultural growth per worker and TFP rates for a panel of countries during the 1961-2001 period. We find that most variables used in the literature to capture the effect of institutions are not independent of the process of growth. While no evidence of causation from political institutions to agricultural productivity growth is found, human capital accumulation emerges as an important source of growth.
Effects of noradrenaline depletion on adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum

Abstract The effects of noradrenaline depletion on α- and β-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of Wistar rats were studied. Noradrenaline depletion was obtained either by chemical (6-hydroxydopamine) lesions of the locus cerulet's or by chronic reserpine treatment. Two weeks after locus ceruleus lesions and 10 days after chronic reserpine treatment, the rats were killed and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum dissected. A small portion of each tissue was assayed for noradrenaline, to assess the success of locus ceruleus lesions or reserpine treatment, and the remainder was used to measure the specific binding of tritiated α- and β-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor ligands to particulate fractions of these tissues. The effect of noradrenaline depletion on isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP generation in cerebellar slices was also studied. Noradrenaline depletion whether by locus ceruleus lesion or chronic reserpine treatment induced reproducible and significant increases in the binding to β-adrenergic receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Scatchard analyses revealed that this increased binding was due to an increased density of β-adrenergic receptor binding sites. In the cerebellum, however, noradrenaline depletion did not result in an increase in β-adrenergic receptor binding nor in isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP generation. Noradrenaline depletion did not cause significant changes in the binding characteristics of α-adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic receptors in any of the three regions of the brain that were studied.
Benzyl alcohol metabolism by Pseudomonas putida: a paradox resolved

Evidence is presented for the existence in Pseudomonas putida of two NAD-linked dehydrogenases that function sequentially to oxidize benzyl alcohol. Induction of muconate lactonizing enzyme, a 3-oxoadipate pathway enzyme, indicated that P. putida oxidized benzyl alcohol to benzoate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with activity staining and enzymatic assays for an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase both showed that cells contained a single, constitutive alcohol dehydrogenase capable of oxidizing benzyl alcohol. This enzyme was shown to have the same specificity in extracts of glucose-grown as in benzy alcoholgrown cells. An NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase oxidized benzaldehyde but was most active with normal alkyl aldehydes. This aldehyde dehydrogenase was shown to be induced, by enzymatic assays and by activity staining of polyacrylamide gel electropherograms, not only in cells grown on benzyl alcohol, but also in cells grown on ethanol. These experiments suggested that the aldehyde dehydrogenase was induced by the alcohol being oxidized rather than the substrate aldehyde.
Secular changes in meteoritic flux through the history of the solar system

Abstract Lunar craters are analyzed as records of meteoritic impacts. The form of the mass distribution curve of meteoritic and asteroidal objects in the Earth-Moon neighborhood is found to have remained essentially constant since the formation of the oldest lunar features approximately 4.5 × 109 years ago. The space density of this material and its rate of infall onto planetary surfaces has decreased in this period. The decrease was rapid before the lunar maria formed and the flux has remained more nearly constant since then.
What Happens when Parents and Nannies Come from Different Cultures? Comparing the Caregiving Belief Systems of Nannies and Their Employers.

In multicultural societies with working parents, large numbers of children have caregivers from more than one culture. Here we have explored this situation, investigating culturally-based differences in caregiving beliefs and practices between nannies and the parents who employ them. Our guiding hypothesis was that U.S. born employers and Latina immigrant nannies may have to negotiate and resolve conflicting socialization strategies and developmental goals. Our second hypothesis was that sociodemographics would influence the cultural orientation of nannies and mother-employers independently of ethnic background. We confirmed both hypotheses by means of a small-scale discourse-analytic study in which we interviewed a set of nannies and their employers, all of whom were mothers. From an applied perspective, the results of this study could lead to greater cross-cultural understanding between nannies and mother-employers and, ultimately, to a more harmonious childrearing environment for children and families in this very widespread cross-cultural caregiver situation.
A methodology for evaluating the performance of CISC computer systems under single and two-level cache environments

Abstract This paper presents a simulation methodology for evaluating the performance of CISC computers. The method is called Message Flow Technique (MFT). MFT has several advantages over Instruction Flow Technique (IFT) we presented in [1]. The proposed methodology is applied to a single and two-level cache CISC system using 80486 SX as a case study. It was found that with a single-level on-chip cache of size 8KB, the performance of the system is considerably limited by the service time of BIU (Bus Interface Unit). The average service time of BIU, per instruction, was found to be around 1.0135 microseconds for our Modified Gibson Mix (MGM). With a second-level external cache of sizes 16KB, 32KB, 64KB, and 128KB the average performance improvements were found to be 1.4%, 18.6%, 39% and 53% respectively. The methodology presented here is an efficient and easy to use tool that could help performance analysts in evaluating computer systems.
Electron Microscopy Investigations of Nanostructured Ce/Mn Oxides for Catalytic Wet Oxidation

A series of Ce/Mn oxides has been characterized using a variety of complementary transmission electron microscopy techniques to obtain nanometer scale information on the structure, chemical composition, and oxidation states of the different phases present in this extremely complex system. The phases have been identified to be α-Mn2O3, β-MnO2, mixed-valence manganese oxides (Mn3O4 and Mn5O8), and Ce−Mn mixed oxides in different proportions depending on the Ce/Mn atomic ratio. A correlation between the nanostructure of this composite system and its catalytic activity for the wet oxidation of phenol, as a model contaminant, is proposed.
The long and short of the PR-interval: relation to cardiovascular outcome in patients with coronary heart disease

This editorial refers to ‘Clinical outcome as a function of the PR-interval—there is virtue inmoderation: data from the Duke Databank for cardiovascular disease’ by F. Holmqvist et al ., doi:10.1093/europace/euu211. In this issue of the EP-Europace , Holmqvist et al. analysed the relationship between the PR interval and the outcome in 9637 patients in sinus rhythm, undergoing coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1989–2010 who had significant stenosis in at least one native coronary artery.1 Classifying PR interval as short (PR 90–120 ms), normal (PR 120–200 ms), or long (PR 200–500 ms), they demonstrated that both short and long PR intervals were associated with all-cause mortality, the composite of death or stroke, and the composite of cardiovascular death or cardiovascular re-hospitalization compared with the normal PR interval. No difference was detected in sudden cardiac death across the three groups. Long PR interval, also known as first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB), is a result of conduction delay occurring in the right atrium, AV node, His bundle, or Purkinje network. Potential underlying mechanisms include atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, atrial fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiomyopathies, left ventricular dysfunction, neuromuscular disease and insufficient blood pressure control causing left ventricular hypertrophy.2 Therefore, long PR interval may be a marker of underlying heart disease, rather than being an independent predictor of left ventricular dysfunction or hypertrophy. Less is known about the underlying mechanism of an isolated short PR interval (i.e. no delta wave and a normal QRS complex), although this can reflect less common bypass tracts that insert directly into the His-Purkinje system. In the present study …
Bifunctional role of the leishmanial antimonate reductase LmACR2 as a protein tyrosine phosphatase

LmACR2 is the first identified antimonate reductase responsible for the reduction of pentavalent antimony in pentostam to the active trivalent form of the drug in Leishmania. LmACR2 is a homologue of the yeast arsenate reductase Acr2p and Cdc25 phosphatases and has the HC[X]5R phosphatase motif. Purified LmACR2 exhibited phosphatase activity in vitro and was able to dephosphorylate a phosphotyrosine residue from a synthetic peptide. This phosphatase activity was inhibited by classical inhibitors such as orthovanadate. LmACR2-catalyzed phosphatase activity was inhibited by either antimonate or arsenate. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that the H74C[X]5R81 motif was involved in catalysis. This is the first report of a metalloid reductase with a bifunctional role in protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Leishmania is never exposed to metalloids during its life cycle. It is therefore unlikely that it would evolve an enzyme exclusively for drug activation. We propose that the physiological function of LmACR2 is to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine residues in leishmanial proteins.
Part-whole transfer and organization in children's and adults' multitrial free recall

Abstract The effect of age-related differnces in the use of recall organization on the amount of recall and the properties of recall-acquisition patterns obtained in a multitrial part-whole transfer task was investigated among subjects in grade levels 1, 4, 7, and college (ages 6.5, 9.6, 12.6, and 19.7 years, respectively). Half of the subjects receiving relevant and irrelevant part lists sorted stimuli before recall trials; other subjects studied the items as they were presented, one at a time. Relevant part list learning was equally facilitative for all age groups regardless of presentation condition, and despite the greater amounts of recall organization found among college subjects. All age groups showed trial-to-trial improvements in whole-list recall; however, only the college subjects showed corresponding improvements in clustering, and all age groups had high rates of fluctuation in the composition of their recall from trial to trial. It was concluded that while even the limited amounts of spontaneous recall organization found among children are sufficient to enhance recall, organization is not a necessary condition for recall improvement and not the primary means by which children throughout the preformal-operations period increase their recall of unrelated stimuli over trials in a free-recall task.
An Eulerian/XFEM formulation for the large deformation of cortical cell membrane

Most animal cells are surrounded by a thin layer of actin meshwork below their membrane, commonly known as the actin cortex (or cortical membrane). An increasing number of studies have highlighted the role of this structure in many cell functions including contraction and locomotion, but modelling has been limited by the fact that the membrane thickness (about 1 μm) is usually much smaller than the typical size of a cell (10–100 μm). To overcome theoretical and numerical issues resulting from this observation, we introduce in this paper a continuum formulation, based on surface elasticity, that views the cortex as an infinitely thin membrane that can resists tangential deformation. To accurately model the large deformations of cells, we introduced equilibrium equations and constitutive relations within the Eulerian viewpoint such that all quantities (stress, rate of deformation) lie in the current configuration. A solution procedure is then introduced based on a coupled extended finite element approach th...
Smoking "shisha" (water pipe) or cigarettes may increase the risk for dry socket following extraction of mandibular third molars.

Original Article Al-Belasy FA. The relationship of “shisha” (water pipe) smoking to postextraction dry socket. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(1):10-4. Level of Evidence 4 Purpose To determine whether men who smoked water pipes or cigarettes were at greater risk than non-smokers for dry socket following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cohort study
Photochemical “Self-healing” pyrrole based treatment of CdS/CdTe photovoltaics

Abstract An improved post-deposition treatment for CdS/CdTe photovoltaic devices has been developed. Aqueous solutions containing pyrrole and sodium chloride provide a treatment of the CdTe surface when the device is illuminated with visible light. Evaporating gold metal on the CdTe surface completes the device structure. Comparison of the JV characteristics of the device treated with illumination to those not illuminated reveals a significant enhancement in device output. While most of the electronic properties ( J sc , FF , R s and R sh ) are very similar the V oc for the treated sample is higher (circa 0.79 V versus 0.71 V) leading to a higher efficiency of 12.3% for the treated cell versus 11.0% for the untreated cell. The performance of this treatment is very much the same as that observed when the photochemically induced treatment employs aniline, the benefit of the herein described method is the decreased level of toxicity associated with pyrrole relative to that of aniline. Characterization of the CdTe surface with SEM does not reveal any noticeable features and could be interpreted as indicating that treatment leads to a very thin coating of material. The GIXRD data reveal the presence of elemental tellurium on the surface of the CdTe.
Reflections on Donald Bryant's “Rhetoric: Its Functions and Its Scope”

(2004). Reflections on Donald Bryant's “Rhetoric: Its Functions and Its Scope”. Advances in the History of Rhetoric: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 189-198.
Cheilitis glandularis: A re-evaluation

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) has been attributed to hyperplasia of labial salivary glands. We studied labial biopsy specimens of five patients with clinical CG and compared their salivary tissue with that seen in patients without CG. The labial glands from patients with CG did not differ in size, depth, or histologic appearance from those seen in the controls. They showed little or no inflammation and no hyperplasia. We also reviewed forty-eight cases of CG described in the literature. The accompanying photomicrographs nearly always depicted normal-appearing labial salivary glands. The case histories and clinical descriptions suggested that many examples of CG were manifestations of actinic Cheilitis, whereas others may have been unusual presentations of atopic or factitious Cheilitis. We believe CG represents an unusual reaction pattern in response to chronic irritation of the lips and is unrelated to labial salivary gland hyperplasia.
The Effect of Religiosity and Campus Alcohol Culture on Collegiate Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Religiosity and campus culture were examined in relationship to alcohol consumption among college students using reference group theory. Participants and Methods: College students (N = 530) at a religious college and at a state university complete questionnaires on alcohol use and religiosity. Statistical tests and logistic regression were utilized to examine alcohol use, religiosity, and campus environment. Results: Alcohol consumption was significantly higher among students at the university (M = 26.9 drinks) versus students at the religious college (M = 11.9 drinks). University students also had lower religiosity scores (M = 23.8) than students at the religious college (M = 26.5). Students who attend a secular university are 4 times more likely to be moderate or heavy drinkers compared to students attending a religiously affiliated college. Students with the least religiosity were 27 times more likely to be a heavy alcohol user and 9 times more likely to be a moderate alcohol user compared to ...
First Monolithic Tandem Photovoltaic-Powered Electrochromic Smart Window

We report on the first monolithic, amorphous-silicon-based, photovoltaic-powered electrochromic window coating. The coating employs a wide bandgap a-Sil-xCx:H n-i-p photovoltaic (PV) cell as a semitransparent power supply, and a LiyWO3/LiAlF4/V205 electrochromic (EC) device as an optical-transmittance modulator. The EC device is deposited directly on top of a PV device that coats a glass substrate. The a-Sil-xCx:H PV cell has a Tauc gap of 2.2 eV and a transmittance of 60 to 80% over a large portion of the visible light spectrum. We reduced the thickness of the device to about 600 A while maintaining a 1-sun open-circuit voltage of 0.9 V and short-circuit current of 2 mA/cm2. Our prototype 16 cm2 PV/EC device modulates the transmittance by more than 60% over a large portion of the visible spectrum. The coloring and bleaching times of the electrochromic device are approximately 1 minute under normal operating conditions (±1 volt).
A distributed-dislocation method for treating free-surface image stresses in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations

This work reports on a recent advancement in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics modelling. A method is presented for the treatment of dislocation image stresses resulting from the presence of nearby traction-free surfaces. The image stress-field of a dislocation segment below a finite-sized free surface is obtained by the distribution of N generally prismatic rectangular or square dislocation loops padding the area (the external bounding surfaces of the simulation box). The unphysical tractions created at surface collocation points by sub-surface crystal dislocations are annulled by proper determination of the loops' Burgers vectors. The image stresses on a dislocation segment are simply those stresses resulting from the surface loops. The accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of collocation points (i.e. surface loop density).
A mixed-model likelihood approximation on large pedigrees

Abstract The mixed model is an independent combination of major loci and polygenes. A method of approximating the likelihood of the mixed model on quantitative data is presented. The approximated log likehood and maximum likelihood estimates are demonstrated to be very close to the exact values. The computer time needed for this method is comparable to that for computation of the likelihood of a major gene model, making analysis of large pedigrees practical. In addition, the major gene component may be modeled to have more than one locus, more than two alleles, or a linked marker locus.
Introduction to special issue: moving forward in pediatric neuropsychology.

This special issue of The Clinical Neuropsychologist focuses on advances in the emerging subspecialty of pediatric neuropsychology. The national and international contributions in this issue cover a range of key clinical, research, training, and professional issues specific to pediatric neuropsychology. The genesis for this project developed out of a series of talks at the Philadelphia Pediatric Neuropsychology Symposium in 2010, hosted by the Stein Family Fellow, the Department of Psychology of the College of Arts and Sciences at Drexel University, and the Philadelphia Neuropsychology Society. Articles that explore clinical practice issue focus on the assessment of special medical populations with congenital and/or acquired central nervous system insults. Research articles investigate the core features of developmental conditions, the use of technology in neuropsychological research studies, and large sample size genomic, neuropsychological, and imaging studies of under-represented populations. The final...
Phase-modulation-shift-keying for fast dispersion compensation and optical labeling in optical packet switched networks

This work proposes phase-modulation-shift-keying, where sinusoidal phase modulation is put ON/OFF onto intensity modulated data according to digital label. Optical label is directly detected by adding dispersion. Packet-by-packet dispersion compensation can be achieved by this method.
Local Sales Taxes: Tax Rate Differentials, Sales Loss, and Revenue Estimation

Local sales tax rate differentials are evaluated in a theoretical model allowing for increasing cost industries and consumer transportation cost. It is shown that the tax rate differential variable...
Analytical Modeling of Microwave Parametric Upconverters

Parametric amplification is a well-studied phenomenon by which a nonlinear reactance mixes an RF large-signal (pump) with an IF small-signal (source) to generate mixing products with gain. In this paper, two analytical models are derived and validated that predict limitations in the gain and efficiency of a parametric upconverter associated with varactor tuning range and quality factor. The analytical models are validated by circuit simulations and by two breadboard upconverters.
Rapid evolution of cellulosome modules by comparative analyses of five Clostridiales genomes.

Cohesins and dockerins are two groups of structural modules critical to the assembly of cellulosomes, the protein complexes for biomass degradation in cellulolytic microorganisms. To understand their sequence diversity and evolution, we re-mined five well-studied cellulosome-producing genomes in the order of Clostridiales for both domain modules and performed a comparative study. We found many putatively new cohesins and dockerins (designated as NEW) besides those identified previously (PUB). We showed that a significant number of NEW domain-containing proteins have signatures to be cellulosome-related, such as having CAZyme (carbohydrate-active enzymes) domains or other cellulosome-related domains, differentially expressed in cellulose degradation, having similar GC content and codon adaptation index as PUB domains. Evolutionary analyses suggest that NEW domains are more divergent in sequence than PUB domains, and PUB domains evolve more rapidly than CAZyme domains. Phylogenetic and functional domain analyses revealed that duplications play a major role in the expansion of dockerins and cohesins. For example, orthologous proteins of closely related strains have different numbers of cohesins, suggesting duplications occurred in a genome-specific manner after the strains diverged. High abundance of cohesin- and dockerin-containing proteins in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Acetivibrio cellulolyticus CD2, relative to Clostridium thermocellum, may be a result of gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer under relaxed purifying selection in environments with high species diversity. Overall, this study suggests that dockerins and cohesins evolve with a high rate of domain birth and death in cellulolytic microorganisms.
On Being Wanted to Exist: A Spiritual Dimension in Pastoral Counseling and Psychoanalysis

Patients who feel not wanted to exist as persons in their own right require that pastoral counseling or psychoanalysis address their need to be wanted. Drawing on case material, it is argued that the pastoral counselor has a particular responsibility to address adequately patients’ need to have their existence affirmed. Connecting psychoanalytic theory and technique with spiritual exploration of the notion of creation, this paper calls attention in clinical practice to patients’ need to be wanted to exist.
Spaces of lower semicontinuous set-valued maps II

We introduce a lower semicontinuous analog, L −(X), of the well-studied space of upper semicontinuous set-valued maps with nonempty compact interval images. Because the elements of L −(X) contain continuous selections, the space C(X) of real-valued continuous functions on X can be used to establish properties of L −(X), such as the two interrelated main theorems. The first of these theorems, the Extension Theorem, is proved in this Part I. The Extension Theorem says that for binormal spaces X and Y, every bimonotone homeomorphism between C(X) and C(Y) can be extended to an ordered homeomorphism between L −(X) and L −(Y). The second main theorem, the Factorization Theorem, is proved in Part II. The Factorization Theorem says that for binormal spaces X and Y, every ordered homeomorphism between L −(X) and L −(Y) can be characterized by a unique factorization.
RFID reader collision problem: performance analysis and medium access

The RFID reader collision problem, in which an RFID reader's interrogation is interfered by other concurrent readers' transmission, is considered an important issue to reliable operation and thus to the wide-spread deployment of RFID networks. In this paper, we present modeling and analysis of the RFID reader collision problem. We observe asymmetry between an RFID reader's and a tag's communication capabilities and develop an RFID radio model based on the asymmetry. By the model, we characterize the spatial reuse of RFID reader networks, and derive concurrent interrogation distance beyond which readers can transmit simultaneously without causing collision and the carrier sense threshold corresponding to the distance. We also examine the dual-channel mode where available bandwidth is divided into two channels by which reader-to-tag communication and tag-to-reader communication are separated. We analyze and evaluate the performance of the dual-channel mode in terms of spatial reuse and interrogation completion time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral contrasts underlying auditory stream segregation in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

This study investigates the effects of spectral separation of sounds on the ability of goldfish to acquire independent information about two simultaneous complex sources. Goldfish were conditioned to a complex sound made up of two sets of repeated acoustic pulses: a high-frequency pulse with a spectral envelope centered at 625 Hz, and a low-frequency pulse type centered at 240, 305, 390, or 500 Hz. The pulses were presented with each pulse type alternating with an overall pulse repetition rate of 40 pulses per second (pps), and a 20-pps rate between identical pulses. Two control groups were conditioned to the 625-Hz pulse alone, repeated at 40 and 20 pps, respectively. All groups were tested for generalization to the 625-Hz pulse repeated alone at several rates. If the two pulse types in the complex resulted in independent auditory streams, the animals were expected to generalize to the 625-Hz pulse trains as if they were repeated at 20 pps during conditioning. It was hypothesized that as the center frequency of the low-frequency pulse approached that of the 625-Hz pulse, the alternating trains would be perceived as a single auditory stream with a repetition rate of 40 pps. The group conditioned to alternating 625- and 240-Hz pulses generalized least, with maximum generalization at 20 Hz, suggesting that the animals formed at least one perceptual stream with a repetition rate of 20 pps. The other alternating pulse groups generalized to intermediate degrees. Goldfish can segregate at least one "auditory stream" from a complex mixture of sources. Segregation can be based on spectral envelope and grows more robust with growing spectral separation between the simultaneous sources. Auditory stream segregation and auditory scene analysis are shared among human listeners, European starlings, and goldfish, and may be primitive characteristics of the vertebrate sense of hearing.
Martha Graham's re‐vision of Jocasta, Clytemnestra, and Medea

Martha Graham based a number of her choreographic works on Greek tragedies, and in so doing reinterpreted the patriarchal dramas from a female perspective. This essay is an examination of these revisions in three of Graham's ballets: Night Journey, Clytemnestra, and Cave of the Heart. The analysis suggests that in her portrayal of Greek tragedies, Graham reveals a feminist consciousness, both as a revisionist and as an artist who is recreating the female perspective in a patriarchal society.
A Contribution to the Climatology of the Arctic Stratosphere

Abstract A previous study by the author of January temperatures in the mid-stratosphere at several arctic stations near 80W has been extended to include stations in other sectors of the Arctic and the additional months of December and February. Distinctly bimodal temperature frequency distributions are evidently confined to the general area of the Canadian Archipelago and northern Greenland, and are characteristic of this region throughout the winter. Mean 25-mb charts and mean cross-sections are used to illustrate two quite dissimilar thermal and circulation regimes that tend to dominate the arctic stratosphere for long periods during the polar night.
The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow. Part 2. Experimental results

Results on the behaviour of controlled wave disturbances introduced artificially into turbulent channel flow are reported. Weak plane-wave disturbances are introduced by vibrating ribbons near each wall. The amplitude and relative phase of the streamwise component of the induced wave is educed from a hot-wire signal, allowing the wave speed, the attenuation characteristics and the wave shape to be traced downstream. These results form a basis for evaluation of closure models for the dynamical equations describing wave components in shear-flow turbulence.