cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tarasoff Warnings Resulting in Criminal Charges: Two Case Reports.

The 1976 Tarasoff decision established in California a psychotherapist’s duty to warn potential victims of violent threats made by a patient. Subsequent laws enacted by many states carried forth this new exception to psychotherapist-patient confidentiality. The intent of these statutes is to protect potential victims from harm with the implied principle that, in certain instances, the safety of society outweighs the benefits of maintaining confidentiality in psychotherapy. In a recent article in the Journal, Dr. Paul B. Herbert wrote a critique of the duty to warn, in which he argued that confidentiality is instrumental to psychotherapy. Violent thoughts and even threats of suicide or harm toward others are frequently expressed in treatment and constitute grist for the therapeutic mill. He concluded that the mandatory reporting of violent threats may, in fact, do more harm than good, both to the patient and to society at large (by eroding confidence in the value of revealing violent thoughts in therapy). Dr. Herbert cited a malpractice suit in which a jury awarded $280,000 to a police officer whose career, financial security, marriage, and friendships were damaged severely as the result of a Tarasoff warning issued by his treating psychologist. The cases reported in this article concern two individuals who suffered criminal prosecution as a result of Tarasoff warnings. In separate incidents, each was arrested while being evaluated as a patient in a locked psychiatric emergency service in a California hospital. Each patient was charged with making “criminal threats,” as defined by § 422 of the California Penal Code (PC 422). The statute reads, in part:
Effect of bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) exposure on severity of COVID-19 infection: A COVID-19 and cancer consortium (CCC19) study

4529Background: Oncology patients experience more severe disease outcomes from COVID-19 infection than the general population. BCG is a live bovine tuberculosis bacillus with immunotherapeutic effe...
State-Level Sexism and Women's Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014-2019.

Objectives. To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women ...
Techniques in Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery

Our fastest growing population is the elderly, and the incidence and prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence increase with age. Because of the significant impact on quality of life, patients continue to seek surgical management for treatment of these disorders. While there are three approaches to surgery that exist for pelvic floor disorders, laparoscopy has emerged as a minimally invasive option for appropriate candidates. Many perioperative considerations must be examined before performing laparoscopic operations, including patient positioning, trocar placement, and prevention of infectious and venous thrombotic events.
Modeling of Atmospheric Behavior: A Submodel of the Dynamics of Pesticides

This paper is a review of standard methods for estimating the diffusion of substances in the atmosphere. Such estimates may be used to analyze a portion of the dynamics of pesticides in the environment.
Adjudicatory Triggers of Enhanced Ambient Environment Information

Information gaps are a pervasive reality in many areas of regulation, especially environmental regulation. Among the regulatory strategies viewed as most prone to implementation failures due to such information gaps are ambient environment strategies that start with assessment of ambient conditions and tailor regulatory obligations to the state of the environment. Such schemes demand information and tailored regulatory responses that are often beyond the capacity of science or regulatory resources. Others, however, criticize regulatory strategies for being context blind. Both criticisms have undoubted merit, yet many regulatory schemes actually involve a hybrid strategy that utilizes what this paper will call “adjudicatory triggers” in conjunction with ambient environment strategies. Such adjudicatory trigger strategies require new gathering and analysis of information about environmental conditions and implemented realities before permits or other approvals can be obtained. Permits or approvals either will be adjusted in light of ambient conditions or in some instances will be denied as the result of such analyses. These regulatory schemes are familiar to lawyers and environmental policy analysts, yet have not been characterized as suggested here. Like “speaking in prose without knowing anything about it” the benefits of adjudicatory trigger strategies have perhaps gone unnoticed due to their ubiquity. Only if one thinks about regulatory
Uptake and release of adrenal ascorbic acid in the guinea pig after injection of ACTH.

The effect of a single injection of ACTH (3 IU/100 g body weight) on the distribution of ascorbic acid (AA) and radiolabeled AA in 20 tissues was studied in adult male guinea pigs consuming 500 mg AA/kg diet. Saline- or ACTH-injected animals were simultaneously injected with (1-/sup 14/C)AA, and killed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after injection. There was no significant difference between treatments in the weight of any tissue over the 6-h experimental period. As anticipated, the concentration of AA in the adrenals of animals injected with ACTH was 33% of that of animals injected with saline at 4 h. Unexpectedly, the concentration of radiolabeled AA in the adrenals at 0.5 h after ACTH injection was 172% of that after saline injection. The concentration of radiolabeled AA in the adrenal of the saline-injected animals increased slowly over time to reach a level similar to that of ACTH-injected animals by 6 h. There was no effect of ACTH on the level of AA or uptake in any of the other tissues examined. These results demonstrate that a single dose of ACTH markedly influences the retention of AA in the adrenal gland without similarly altering retention of AAmore » in other tissues. Furthermore, ACTH treatment causes both accelerated uptake and release of AA into the adrenals.« less
Smooth Time-Periodic Feedback Solutions for Nonholonomic Motion Planning

In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing time-periodic feedback solutions for nonholonomic motion planning with collision-avoidance. For a first-order Lie bracket system, we begin by computing a holonomic collision-free path using the potential field method. Then, we compute a nonholonomic path approximating the collision-free path within a predetermined bound. For this we first solve for extended inputs of an extended system using Lie bracket completion vectors. We then use averaging techniques to calculate the asymptotic trajectory of the nonholonomic system under application of a family of highly-oscillatory inputs. Comparing the limiting trajectories with the extended system we obtain a system of nonlinear equations from which the desired admissible control inputs can be solved. For higher-order Lie bracket systems we use multi-scale averaging and apply recursively the algorithm for first-order Lie bracket systems. Based on averaging techniques we also provide error bounds between a nonholonomic system and its averaged system.
A Review of “Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé”

This book addresses two broad questions: how are traditions constructed, and how have power relationships shaped the organization of the Afro-Brazilian religion known as Candomble? Capone arrives a...
Horizontal and Vertical Geodetic Datums

In conventional geodetic systems, locations of points on the surface of the earth may be defined either by means of natural (astronomic) or geometric (geodetic) coordinates. The natural coordinates, the astronomic latitude (Φ), longitude (Λ), and the orthometric (mean sea level height (H), being gravity dependent, are conventionally referenced to the geoid and are determined from “natural” observations (astronomic, gravimetric and spirit leveling). The geometric coordinates, the geodetic latitude (ϕ), longitude (λ) and height (h), are referenced to a (generally) rotational ellipsoid of arbitrary size, shape and orientation, and are determined from geometric (length and/or direction) observations.
Counterpoint: The evidence does not support universal screening and treatment in children

Few pediatric guidelines have generated the amount or intensity of controversy that the pediatric lipid guidelines have. In the following article, I will synthesize the arguments against universal lipid screening and treatment in childhood. Direct evidence that relates the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood to cardiovascular disease outcomes in adulthood is unavailable, and as a consequence, the guidelines were formulated based on a chain of indirect evidence. The debate centers on the strength of the indirect evidence that links risk factors present in childhood to adult disease outcomes. The arguments against universal lipid screening and treatment of children include (1) a history of unanticipated harms caused by screening tests or treatments that were enacted based on indirect evidence, (2) the poor test performance characteristics of lipid profiles in childhood when used as a screening test, (3) problems with the effectiveness of lipid testing done in the office setting, and (4) concerns regarding the safety of statins when used in children.
Unsupervîsed training of brain-computer interface systems using exnectation maximization

The P300 speller is a brain-computer interface (BCI) system designed to communicate language by presenting language stimuli and detecting event related potentials in a subject's electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The target patient population is prone to fatigue, so reducing or removing this training step could increase the amount of time available to the subject for actual BCI use. We present an expectation maximization approach that trains the classifier in an unsupervised manner. A general classifier is created from a set of multiple subjects and it is then refined using the subject's unlabeled data and knowledge from the language domain. The method was tested offline on a data set of 15 healthy subjects and achieved similar performance to fully supervised methods for all subjects. This suggests that this method could be used in the place of the training step for BCI systems.
A Method for Obtaining Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals of Composite Reliability for Congeneric Items

A method for obtaining standard errors and confidence intervals of composite reliability co-efficients based on the bootstrap method is proposed. Using a structural equation modeling framework for estimating composite reliability of congeneric measures (Raykov, 1997), the approach takes repeated samples from a given sample and then estimates reliability. This approach extends earlier research on the distribution of scale reliability that is primarily concerned with Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and represents a general method based on fewer assumptions. It also permits testing hypotheses about composite reliability. Its use is demonstrated on simulated data.
Was Surrealism a Humanism? The Case of Michel Leiris

This essay investigates some paradoxes in the career of surrealist and ethnographer Michel Leiris. Looking at how objects, animals, and people of color appear throughout his work, the author raises some cautions about current critical enthusiasm about the posthuman under the sign of the animal turn.
Distribution of Recombination Crossovers and the Origin of Haplotype Blocks: The Interplay of Population History, Recombination, and Mutation

Recent studies suggest that haplotypes are arranged into discrete blocklike structures throughout the human genome. Here, we present an alternative haplotype block definition that assumes no recombination within each block but allows for recombination between blocks, and we use it to study the combined effects of demographic history and various population genetic parameters on haplotype block characteristics. Through extensive coalescent simulations and analysis of published haplotype data on chromosome 21, we find that (1) the combined effects of population demographic history, recombination, and mutation dictate haplotype block characteristics and (2) haplotype blocks can arise in the absence of recombination hot spots. Finally, we provide practical guidelines for designing and interpreting studies investigating haplotype block structure.
Proper-time formalism, the renormalization group, and equations of motion in string theory

Abstract The proper-time formalism for an interacting point particle is discussed. It is shown that one can derive the interacting, classical field equations from the first quantized description of a particle moving in a background. This technique when applied to strings gives the classical equation of motion for strings modes and is very similar to the sigma model method. It is argued that the equation of motion for a tachyon is proportional (but not equal_ to the β -function to all orders in perturbation theory. It can also be shown in this formalism that keeping all the massive modes results in an equation that is quadratic in the fields.
Do rebuttals affect future science

In theory, rebuttals play a vital role in the progression of science, pointing out flaws in published articles, and ensuring that science self-corrects. However, the effect of rebuttals has not been tested in practice. We examined seven high-profile original articles and their rebuttals, finding that original articles were cited 17 times more than rebuttals, and that annual citation numbers were unaffected by rebuttals. When citations did not mention rebuttals, 95% accepted the thesis of the original article uncritically, and support remained high over time. On the rare occasions when rebuttals were cited, the citing papers on average had neutral views of the original article, and 8% actually believed that the rebuttal agreed with the original article. Overall, only 5% of all citations were critical of the original paper. Our results point to an urgent need to change current publishing models to ensure that rebuttals are prominently linked to original articles.
Molecular origin of the sawtooth behavior and the toughness of nacre.

Abstract We present in this paper a method to build a computer model that mimic the mineral–protein composite structure of a nacre tablet. Motivated by the interesting observations in AFM experiments of nacre, protein chains stretching out from grain boundaries are simulated by steered molecular dynamics (SMD) to gain an insight into the effect of protein–aragonite interaction on the mechanical properties of nacre and the molecular mechanisms of the sawtooth behavior. Force-extension curves are obtained and the key characteristics of sawtooth behavior are observed in SMD simulations in agreement with existing AFM experiments of nacre. The effect of water on protein–mineral interaction is investigated through including and excluding water molecules in the grain boundaries of the models. Different from the existing belief that protein unfolding is the origin of the “sawtooth” behavior, we have found that the electrostatic interactions between the protein and aragonite mineral are responsible for the sawtooth behavior and hence the high toughness of nacre.
Silver nitrate chemical ionization for analysis of hydrocarbon polymers by laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry

Addition of silver nitrate to nonpolar hydrocarbon polymer solutions prior to their analysis by laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry is shown to allow efficient silver ion chemical ionization. High-quality mass spectra are thus obtained for polymers, such as polystyrene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene, that previously failed to yield useful mass spectra using conventional laser desorption. Accurate mass measurement experiments and isotopic ratios verify that the spectra are those of silver-attached oligomer ion distributions. Mass measurement errors for complete oligomer distributions average between 3 and 12 ppm for oligomers with masses between 400 and 6000 D whereas unit mass resolution is maintained throughout the entire spectral range.
CAE Data Management Using Traditional PDM Systems

Over the past decade, Computer Aided Engineering (Simulation) has experienced explosive growth being a significant enabler for: 1. Validating product design; 2. Providing low-cost methods for exploring a variety of product design alternatives; 3. Optimizing parts for better service performance; 4. Reducing dependence on physical testing; 5. Reducing warranty costs; 6. Achieving faster time to market. This rapid growth in the number of simulations performed and the amount of data generated in the absence of any significant data and process management initiatives has led to considerable inefficiencies in the CAE domain. Many companies now recognize the need to manage their CAE process and data as well as their desire to leverage their existing PDM systems as the primary repositories of CAE data. Some major issues are: 1. There is a need for a PDM data model to support CAE; 2. The CAE data model can be very complex; 3. There is an immense variety of CAE applications and data types; 4. Many CAE simulations require access to physical test data for input and correlation; 5. Data management discipline is not typically part of the CAE culture today. Despite the unique challenges posed by bringing PDM into the CAE world, the transition could occur faster than it has in the CAD world. This presentation will showcase an approach for managing CAE data in traditional PDM systems. Two working examples of CAE process automation software solutions integrated with CAD and PDM will be discussed. In particular, these applications will show how CAE users can leverage established PDM infrastructure and interact with EDS’ Teamcenter/Enterprise, Teamcenter/Engineering and Dassault Systeme’s SmarTeam through seamless integrations with their CAE systems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Effective mutualism between sequentially flowering plant species

Since the theoretical paper of Levin and Anderson1, it has been widely recognised that animal pollinators represent resources for which plants can compete. Competition for pollination might take several forms and act as a powerful selective force in establishing or maintaining sequential flowering among sympatric species2. Sequential flowering in Arctic3, temperate4–9 and neotropical10–13 plant assemblages has been interpreted as an evolutionary result of competition for pollination. This interpretation may prove correct in many cases, although strong evidence for competition is available for few systems9,14. Heinrich and Raven15 (see also Baker16 and Baker et al.17) pointed out that sympatric plant species may act as mutualistic partners at the same time that their sequential flowering is maintained by competition. We develop this hypothesis here explicitly and present evidence that effective mutualism occurs between two species which also compete for pollination.
The role of emotion perception ability in motivation to lead

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of emotion perception ability through two different paradigms (self-report and ability-based) on an individual's motivation to lead, an individual's desire to assume leadership roles. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have used a survey method in this study. The authors collected data from 172 undergraduate students. Findings – The findings indicate that emotion perception ability was significantly related to MTL. The authors also found that emotion perception ability was more substantially related to the non-calculative dimension of MTL than others. Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to show the relationship of emotion perception ability to motivation to lead. Organizations can use the finding to screen and train future leaders using an ability-based test of emotion perception similar to one the authors have presented.
Complications After Concomitant Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients

Objective To determine the risks associated with performance of bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in elderly patients. Material and Methods Ninety-eight patients with osteoarthritis who were 80 years of age or older and underwent concomitant cemented bilateral TKA were matched (on the basis of gender, surgeon, year of surgical treatment, age, and diagnosis) with 98 patients who underwent cemented unilateral TKA to compare the number and types of complications in these two groups. The groups did not differ in the number and type or severity of premorbid medical conditions, anesthetic risk, and type of anesthesia. Results One hundred nineteen postoperative complications occurred in 63 patients in the bilateral TKA group; in contrast, 72 complications occurred in 49 patients in the unilateral TKA group. The difference between the two groups in the total number of complications was significant. Specifically, significant differences between the two groups were noted in the occurrence of cardiovascular and neurologic complications. On paired analysis, congestive heart failure and acute delirium were found to be significantly more frequent in the bilateral TKA group than in the unilateral TKA group. We noted a trend toward an increased mortality rate in the bilateral group (four patients) versus the unilateral group (no deaths). Conclusion Patients 80 years of age or older who undergo concomitant bilateral TKA are at increased risk for cardiovascular and neurologic complications during the postoperative period in comparison with matched patients who undergo unilateral TKA.
Cisapride‐Induced Torsades de Pointes

Cisapride-Induced Torsades de Pointes. Two cases of torsades de pointes associated with cisapride are presented, both in association with concomitant drug therapy that inhibits cisapride biotransformation. In one case, plasma cisapride was elevated days after the event, strongly supporting a role for accumulation of the drug in causing the arrhythmia. It is emphasized that these adverse drug reactions are not idiosyncratic, hut rather are predictable based on an understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Geology and Petrology of Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea

Rabaul caldera is unusual in that it was formed by two episodes of construction and collapse on an older basalt volcano. One collapse occurred around 3,500 yr B.P. and the latest around 1,400 yr B.P. Both were accompanied by the eruption of dacitic pumiceous ash flows. Following initial collapse, volcanism was confined to a large andesite volcano in the southern part of the caldera, but a renewal of basaltic volcanism occurred at a point on the eastern ring fracture. The later collapse of the southern cone left the caldera as a large ellipse, 14 by 9 km, breached on the southeast side, though more recent volcanism has built small cones on the caldera floor. The rocks of the caldera cannot unequivocally be labeled as calc-alkalic because the contemporaneous basalts are high-alumina types and the suite shows mild iron enrichment. This mild iron enrichment is not found in the lavas of some parasitic volcanoes, suggesting that it is an artifact of the magma chamber beneath the caldera. Differences in chemistry and mineralogy persist between lava erupted on the western side of the caldera and that on the east; chemical variation is explained by crystal fractionation at low pressures. Lack of a clearly defined Benioff zone and location close to a transform fault suggest that the origin of the magma was not controlled by partial melting near a Benioff zone. Comparison with experimental data for high-alumina basalt also suggests a shallower origin. A progressive increase in TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and alkalis along the New Britain–New Guinea arc toward Rabaul at its eastern end cannot be explained.
Post-Lesson Observation Conferencing of University Supervisors and Physical Education Teacher Education Students

The purpose of our descriptive study was to examine post-lesson observation conferencing discourse between university supervisors (USs) and physical education teacher education students (PTs). Three USs completed a questionnaire related to demographic information and their perceptions of their role as a supervisor. These USs then audio-recorded post-lesson observation conferences that they held with their PTs. A total of 54 conferences were audio-recorded and transcribed for analysis. Results revealed that the USs believed in a collaborative approach to supervision and that is what occurred as PTs spoke slightly more than USs. Of all of the idea units spoken by USs, 31% of them were questions. USs had far more higher order questions and offerings than they did lower order ones. PTs also had far more higher order offerings than ones of lower order.
Structure of di- and trivalent metals.

The structures of the di- and trivalent metals Be to Hg and Al to Tl are discussed qualitatively in terms of pseudopotentials and second-order perturbation theory. Attention is concentrated on the effect of the valence $z$, and of the position ${q}_{0}$ of the first zero of the pseudopotential. The ${q}_{0}$ in turn can be related to atomic properties such as the radius of the ion core and the $\mathrm{sp}$ promotion energy. When ${q}_{0}$ falls near a set of reciprocal lattice vectors, distortions from a simple structure are likely to occur. The variation of ${q}_{0}$ through the periodic table suggests a qualitative explanation of the variation of the $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio from Be to Cd, the occurrence of distorted structures in Hg, Ga, and In, and the behavior of the InPb and InSn solid-solution alloys, as well as features of the molten metals and some other elements. A few detailed calculations support the qualitative arguments, but the pseudopotentials have to be known much more precisely than they are at present before quantitative agreement with experiment can be expected.
Selective Lean NOx Reduction over Metal Oxides

The present state of knowledge of NO x reduction under lean conditions over metal oxides is summarized in this review, with an emphasis on the reaction mechanism. Although a number of nitrogen-containing intermediates have been observed and implied, including organic nitro, nitrite, cyanide, isocyanate, and ammonia, there is yet definitive observation that confirms the relevance of these to the principal reaction pathway. Individual component in a mixed oxide catalyst can participate at different stages of the NO x reduction reaction. The nitrogen production efficiences for different oxide based catalysts are summarized, and their relationship to the nature of the catalyst is discussed.
Synergistic combustion of coal with natural gas

Abstract Using an improved coal-devolatilization model and a simple char-burnout model, we explore possible synergisms in the simultaneous combustion of coal and natural gas. After describing our own work briefly in the context of the conversion of oil boilers to coal burning, we consider the direct use of pulverized coal or of coal-water slurries with gas augmentation, and the two-stage use of pulverized coal or coal-water slurries with gas augmentation. In the first case, we identify advantageous interactions in cofiring which speeds up char-burnout. In the second case, the primary role of the first stage is the “methanogasification” of coal analogous to, and possibly more effective than, the hydrogasification of coal. In both cases, simultaneous coal-gas combustion appears to be synergistic.
Functional Differentiation of Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus in Autism: A Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background Socio-communicative impairments are salient features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Abnormal development of posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS)—a key processing area for language, biological motion, and social context—could play a role in these deficits. Methods Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the synchronization of low-frequency blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations during continuous performance on a visual search task. Twenty-one children and adolescents with ASD and 26 typically developing individuals—matched on age and IQ—participated in the study. Three subregions of pSTS were delineated with a data-driven approach, and differentiation of pSTS was examined by comparing the connectivity of each subregion. Results In typically developing individuals, differentiation of networks was positively associated with age and anatomical maturation (cortical thinning in pSTS, greater white matter volume). In the ASD group, differentiation of pSTS connectivity was significantly reduced, and correlations with anatomical measures were weak or absent. Moreover, pSTS differentiation was inversely correlated with autism symptom severity. Conclusions Atypical maturation of pSTS suggests altered trajectories for functional segregation and integration of networks in ASD, potentially related to impaired cognitive and sensorimotor development. Furthermore, our findings provide a novel explanation for atypically increased connectivity in ASD that has been observed in some functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging studies.
The distribution-free newsboy problem under the worst-case and best-case scenarios

Abstract New theoretical foundations for analyzing the newsboy problem under incomplete information about the probability distribution of random demand are presented. Firstly, we reveal that the distribution-free newsboy problem under the worst-case and best-case demand scenarios actually reduces to the standard newsboy problem with demand distributions that bound the allowable distributions in the sense of increasing concave order. Secondly, we provide a theoretical tool for seeking the best-case and worst-case order quantities when merely the support and the first k moments of the demand are known. Using this tool we derive closed form formulas for such quantities in the case of known support, mean and variance, i.e. k = 2. Consequently, we generalize all results presented so far in literature for the worst-case and best-case scenarios, and present some new ones. Extensions of our findings to the cases of the known mode of a unimodal demand distribution, the known median, and to other stochastic inventory problems are indicated.
Emotional discomfort and impairments in verbal memory in schizophrenia.

Abstract Research has demonstrated that impairments in verbal memory in schizophrenia are linked with psychosocial deficits. Less is known, however, about their relationship to clinical features of illness. This study explores the hypothesis that impairments in verbal memory, particularly forms of memory requiring deeper levels of encoding, are uniquely linked to symptoms of dysphoria or emotional discomfort. Accordingly, we examined the association between concurrent measures of symptoms and verbal memory for 84 subjects with schizophrenia. Measures of positive, negative, cognitive, excitement and emotional discomfort symptoms were derived from factor scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Verbal memory was assessed using two tests requiring relatively superficial levels of encoding: The Hopkins Verbal Memory Test and the Digit Span subtest; and one test requiring deeper levels of encoding: the Logical Memory subtests I and II. As predicted, multiple regressions controlling for age, education and attention revealed that poorer performance on Logical Memory was strongly associated with greater levels of emotional discomfort ( R 2 =0.22 and 0.25, respectively) while performance on the Hopkins test was related to cognitive symptoms scores ( R 2 =0.08 and 0.09, respectively). Implications for the conceptualization of verbal memory deficits in schizophrenia are discussed.
The structure of overlayers: III. Nitrogen on Mo {001}

Abstract The Mo {001} c (2 × 2) — N structure formed upon adsorption of a monolayer of nitrogen on a clean Mo {001} surface is studied by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Diffracted intensities for a large number of integral-order and half-order beams are calculated with the layer KKR method for different structural models and compared with extensive experimental data. Best overall agreement between calculated and observed LEED spectra is found for a model in which N atoms are adsorbed in the four-fold pyramidal hollows formed by four adjacent Mo atoms on a net consistent with c (2 × 2) symmetry. However, the fit between theory and experiment is good only for certain beams, much less good for others. Attempts at improving the fit by varying the values of structural and non-structural parameters used in the calculations have not been succesful. We raise the question of the significance of a structure model for which the fit with experiment is wholly satisfactory only for certain beams.
Physiological characterization of the response of excised etiolated cucumber cotyledons to benzyladenine: expansion begins at 30 minutes.

Summary Benzyladenine (BA) and other cytokinins are known to induce a three-part physiological response in excised, dark-grown cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons consisting of a) increased size and fresh weight, b) more prominent veins, and c) increased yellowing due to carotenoid biosynthesis. Based upon an analysis of long-term kinetics, the three elements of this response occurred roughly in parallel rather than sequentially. KCl (20 mmol · L −1 optimum) promoted all three elements, especially when supplied with BA, but RbCl had no effect. As measured by increase in cotyledon width, BA-induced expansion was extrapolated to begin at approximately 30 min with linear kinetics for at least the first 2 h. KCl promoted the growth rate (1.7-fold at 2 h) but failed to decrease the lag time. This lag time, far shorter than any previous determination using cytokinin-treated cotyledons, is in the range reported for auxin- and gibberellin-responsive elongating systems. Fusicoccin promoted growth even more quickly and with greater initial rate than BA (2.9-fold at 2 h). As found in many plant tissues responsive to auxin and gibberellin, but in contrast to cytokinin-treated radish cotyledons, cell wall synthesis in cucumber cotyledons was promoted by BA (1.5-fold at 48 h). 2,6-dichlorobenwnitrile, a potent inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis, had no effect on overall BA-induced cotyledon growth as measured at 24 h but completely abolished vein enlargement. As discussed, these results indicate that auxin-, gibberellin-, and cytokinin-induced cell expansion have apparent physiological similarities in terms of early kinetics and cell wall synthesis.
Association of sperm receptor activity with a purified pig zona antigen (PPZA)

Three types of data are presented which suggest that sperm receptor activity is associated with a 58,000 Mr acidic glycoprotein (PPZA) isolated from pig zonae: (1) boar sperm fail to bind to pig zonae pretreated with univalent antibody to PPZA; (2) boar sperm pretreated with PPZA are inhibited in binding to intact pig zonae; (3) binding studies utilizing boar sperm and radiolabeled PPZA indicate an inhibition of radiolabeled PPZA binding to sperm by non-labeled PPZA in a dose-related manner. Collectively these data suggest that, at least in the pig system, the contraceptive action of zona antibodies is accomplished by a specific immunologic reaction between antibody and the zona sperm receptor site rather than to a non-specific blockage of this receptor.
Ascorbate and glutathione levels in the developing normal and dystrophic rat retina: effect of intense light exposure

Ascorbic acid and glutathione were measured in retinas excised from normal rats reared in a cyclic light or dark environment and in dystrophic rats from the dark environment. Similar measurements were made on retinas from age matched rats exposed to intense visible light for periods of up to 24 hours. In other rats, ascorbic acid was given for various periods before exposure to intense light and the degree of photoreceptor cell death determined subsequently by rhodopsin measurements.In non-intense light treated rats ascorbate and glutathione were 12.1 nmol/retina at 20 days of age and 13.3 – 15.9 nmol/retina in 60 day old animals. In dystrophic rat retinas glutathione was 4–8% higher and ascorbate 10–20% higher than in normal dark reared rats. Although the levels of ascorbate and glutathione per retina increased during development, the molar ratios of the antioxidant materials to rhodopsin decreased by 36% and 60% in normal and dystrophic rats respectively.The levels of glutathione in young cyclic light o...
Some general existence conditions for balanced arrays of strength t and 2 symbols

Abstract This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a balanced array ( B -array) (“partially balanced” array, in the terminology of Chakravarti [7]) of 2 symbols, strength t , and m rows (with m ⩽ t + 2). Necessary existence conditions, for all m , are also derived in the form of many classes of diophantine equations.
Single-Channel Analysis of the Molecular Pharmacology of the Long QT Syndrome Variant 3

The Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval on an ECG and occurrences of ventricular fibrillation, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and sudden cardiac death. In patients with LQTS variant 3 (LQT3), mutations in the cardiac sodium channel alpha subunit, Nav1.5, disrupt channel inactivation by multiple mechanisms and can cause a sustained depolarizing current (INaL) sufficient to prolong the ventricular action potential. LQT3 mutant sodium channels are therefore a reliable experimental model for the study of the function and pharmacology of dysfunctional sodium currents in a wide range of more common acquired disorders that are linked by disease-altered INaL, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. While preferential pharmacological block of INaL by several Na+-channel blocking drugs has proven to be an important and useful clinical approach to manage LQT-3 arrhythmias, we still lack a fundamental understanding of the pharmacological determinants of this selectivity. We have previously identified a novel lethal LQT3 variant, F1473C, which displays slowed inactivation, altered channel availability, and a significant INaL. Here we report for the first time single channel recordings from F1473C channels and find that late reopening events during prolonged depolarizations underlie pathological INaL for this mutation. To further unravel the mechanism of action of of Ranolazine, a drug known to preferentially block INaL, we studied its effects on single F1473C channels. Ranolazine reduced the number of late reopening events in a manner consistent with block of whole cell currents. These experiments represent the first exploration of the block of INaL caused by late reopening, and present a framework for further studies of the mechanisms of drug block in these channels.
(?h 11/2) n States expected in 68 150 Er82, 69 151 Tm82 and 70 152 Yb82

Predictions are made for the spectra associated with the (πh 11/2) n configuration whenn=4, 5 and 6. Since 64 146 Gd82 actsas if it is a closed shell, these states are expected to be low-lying in the nuclei 68 150 Er82, 69 151 Tm82 and 70 152 Yb82. The residualh 11/2 interaction is taken from the experimental spectrum of 66 148 Dy82 and it is shown that this conserves seniority to a high degree. Arguments are given as to why configuration mixing may be hard to detect from a study of the energy levels alone. TheM1 selection rule and the number dependence of theE2 transition rates within the identical nucleonh 11/2 configuration are discussed and it is pointed out that seniority isomers should be seen in these nuclei. This prediction provides a stringent test of the configuration assignment. Formulae are given and estimates are made for the energies of theπg 7/2 andπd 5/2-hole states.
Random-vortex simulation of transient wall-driven flow in a rectangular enclosure

Abstract Two-dimensional transient flow in square cavity, following impulsive acceleration of the sliding wall, is simulated by random-vortex calculations of the type initiated by A. Chorin. Comparison calculations are made using a transient finite-difference method that is first-order accurate in time and second-order accurate in space. The Reynolds number, R , based on the sliding wall length and speed, is 2000, 5000, or 10.000. The simulated history starts when the moving wall starts, ends when the wall has moved three times its length, and shows the development of primary and secondary eddies in the corner where the boundary layer on the moving wall is peeled off by the stationary wall. Special features of this random-vortex simulation include: (1) the use of the closed-form expression for the velocity induced by a line vortex in a rectangular enclosure; (2) special treatment of regions very close to the corners where the sheet-like elements, ordinarily used in a very thin wall layer, are inappropriate; and (3) the generation of a small (three-member) ensemble of simulations at each Reynolds number. Comparisons between the two numerical schemes were made at Reynolds numbers of 2000 and 5000. A comparison with experimental data of Koseff is given for R = 2000. Both numerical methods exhibited the same qualitative flow features and were in fair quantitaive agreement. The random-vortex calculations show somewhat better agreement with the laboratory experiment.
Lower limits on R-parity-violating couplings in supersymmetric models with light squarks.

We interpret the results of searches for strongly interacting massive particles to place absolute lower limits on $R$-parity-violating couplings for squarks with mass (${m}_{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{q}}$) below 100 GeV. Recent searches for anomalous isotopes require that there be a baryon-number-violating or lepton-number-violating coupling larger than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ if ${m}_{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{q}}g18\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. Using data from searches for stable particles at the CERN Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) we demonstrate that this lower limit increases by 14 orders of magnitude, to an $R$-parity-violating coupling larger than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ for any squarks of mass less than 90 GeV. In the presence of an $R$-parity-violating coupling of this magnitude, neutralinos cannot explain the dark matter density in the Universe.
Dense Graphs with Cycle Neighborhoods

For all ? > 0, we construct graphs with n vertices and >n2 ? ? edges, for arbitrarily large n, such that the neighborhood of each vertex is a cycle. This result is asymptotically best possible.
Towards understanding architectural tradeoffs in MEMS closed-loop feedback control

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) combine lithographically formed mechanical structures with electrical elements to create physical systems that operate on the scale of microns. However, the physical scale of MEMS devices can make controlling them computationally challenging because the time constants involved are often several orders of magnitude faster than macro-scale devices and because they often require very low power operation. In this paper we begin an examination of the suitability of two different digital signal processors to the high-speed closed loop control problems faced by this new and growing domain. Working with domain experts in the area we characterize the classic tight feedback control loops required by these next generation MEMS devices, we explore the sources of overhead when using existing programmable systems, and we compare these approaches to an application-specific approach of our own design. In the end we demonstrate that this nature of this problem, both in terms of the required performance and the nature of the working datasize, results in a significant gap that could perhaps be filled by more programmable designs carefully crafted to this domain.
Channel dynamics matter: Forwarding node set selection in cognitive radio networks

Opportunistic routing is very promising when applied to cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, this requires solving the forwarding node (FN) set selection problem for each node in CRNs. The FN set selection is different from that in traditional networks because the reliability under suddenly active primary users (PUs) and the co-channel interference have to be taken into account. Moreover, the selected FN set cannot stay static in CRNs due to the dynamic channel environment. It means that an adjustment scheme of the FN set is necessary. We construct a FN set selection model for CRNs, which prioritizes each FN candidate considering not only its ETX metrics, but also the channel dynamics and co-channel interference. Based on the defined priorities of each node, we propose three algorithms, a basic greedy algorithm, a greedy algorithm with one backtrack, and a maximum weighted independent set (MWIS) algorithm, for FN set selection aiming at different performance requirements. Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate our FN set selection algorithms.
Corporatisation: Implementing Forest Management Reform in New Zealand

The New Zealand term corporatization refers to a reform in which a state-owned company is vested with management authority over lands formerly administered by a government agency. This article examines New Zealand public forest management and explores its similarities to U.S. Forest Service problems and corporatisation proposals in the U.S. The article explores the problems of using a state-owned corporation as a means of applying market incentives to forest management. The most difficult issue facing public forest decision makers is how to manage land that is valuable for both its natural features and its productive potential.
Quantum electrodynamics of the internal source x-ray holographies: Bremsstrahlung, fluorescence, and multiple-energy x-ray holography

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is used to derive the differential cross sections measured in the three new experimental internal source ensemble x-ray holographies: bremsstrahlung (BXH), fluorescence (XFH), and multiple-energy (MEXH) x-ray holography. The polarization dependence of the BXH cross section is also obtained. For BXH, we study analytically and numerically the possible effects of the virtual photons and electrons which enter QED calculations in summing over the intermediate states. For the low photon and electron energies used in the current experiments, we show that the virtual intermediate states produce only very small effects. This is because the uncertainty principle limits the distance that the virtual particles can propagate to be much shorter than the separation between the regions of high electron density in the adjacent atoms. We also find that using the asymptotic form of the scattering wave function causes about a 5{endash}10{percent} error for near forward scattering. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Interchain coupling and 3D modeling of trans- polyacetylene

In spite of the success of the SSH model for trans-polyacetylene in interpreting many experimental results (e.g. optical and magnetic properties) there remain some aspects of the real material which are outside the scope of the simple 1D model. Especially ordering phenomena of doped and undoped trans-polyacetylene as well as transport properties (e.g. electronic and thermal conductivity) are beyond a 1D description. There are many attempts to construct a transport theory for this novel class of materials using solitons or polaxons as the basic ingredients. But so far it is not yet clear whether these typical 1D excitations still exist in crystalline transpolyacetylene. Therefore, to clarify the role which intrinsic self-localized nonlinear excitations characteristic of 1D models play in the bulk (3D) material, we study the stability of a polaronic excitation against interchain coupling. As a preliminary step we consider first two coupled t-(CH){sub x}-chains where the {pi}-electrons are allowed to hop from one chain to the other. Then we introduce a 3D generalization of the SSH model and study a polaron in a 3D crystalline environment.