cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dental Students’ Opinions and Knowledge About Caries Management and Prevention

Students’ attitudes toward caries prevention can impact their receptivity to training and subsequent involvement in preventive services in their future practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental students’ opinions and knowledge regarding caries management and prevention at the University of Florida College of Dentistry. A twenty-six-item written survey instrument was administered to third- and fourth-year dental students. The response rate was 92.3 percent (72/78) for third-year and 45.5 percent (35/77) for fourth-year students. In their responses, 83 percent reported they would use chlorhexidine rinses for caries control, and 51 percent would use salivary tests for detecting cariogenic bacteria. Ninety-two percent reported they would use fluoride varnishes for caries control, and 40 percent were not sure if varnishes have associated dental or medical side effects. The majority of respondents felt that training and practice on caries prevention should be increased. Favorable responses to increasing education in preventive dentistry indicate that students may be receptive to modern caries management and prevention principles. This study suggests there is a need to update and integrate a more comprehensive caries prevention program into the predoctoral dental curriculum. Such programs should stress, in addition to actual training, the importance of prevention in students’ future practice.
Surface wave studies of the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Mexico

Abstract Seismograms originating from earthquakes in the Gulf of California and recorded in West Texas (TXAR) were used to construct Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves for propagation paths in northern Mexico. These paths were approximately orthogonal to boundaries of several different tectonic provinces including the Gulf of California, the Sonoran Basin and Range, the Central Plateau of Mexico, and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO); thus, the effects of horizontal refraction on the Rayleigh waves were neglected. Prior surface wave studies have determined velocity structures for the crust and upper mantle for all of these provinces except the SMO, and the results of these studies were used to generate Rayleigh wave dispersion curves for each segment of the path. The group delays associated with each province were calculated and subtracted from the observed dispersion curve for the entire path, thus isolating the effects of the SMO on group velocity dispersion between periods of 12 and 40 sec. Linearized inversions showed that the most realistic geophysical model that fits the SMO dispersion data consisted of a 55 km thick crust. The crustal velocity structure for the SMO consists of three layers: a thin (5 km), low-velocity (2.8 km sec 1 l ) upper layer, a middle layer (approximately 20 km) with a mean shear velocity near 3.6 km sec 1 l , and a third, lower crustal layer (30 km) with shear velocity of about 4.0 km sec 1 l . The mantle has shear velocities between 4.55 and 4.7 km sec 1 l , but the thickness of the mantle lid is poorly resolved.
Clinical Evaluation of a Novel and Mobile Autism Risk Assessment

The Mobile Autism Risk Assessment (MARA) is a new, electronically administered, 7-question autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screen to triage those at highest risk for ASD. Children 16 months–17 years (N = 222) were screened during their first visit in a developmental-behavioral pediatric clinic. MARA scores were compared to diagnosis from the clinical encounter. Participant median age was 5.8 years, 76.1 % were male, and most participants had an intelligence/developmental quotient score >85; 69 of the participants (31 %) received a clinical diagnosis of ASD. The sensitivity of the MARA in detecting ASD was 89.9 % [95 % CI = 82.7–97]; the specificity was 79.7 % [95 % CI = 73.4–86.1]. In a high-risk clinical setting, the MARA shows promise as a screen to distinguish ASD from other developmental/behavioral disorders.
Consumer Bankruptcy after the Fall: United States Law under S.256

This paper examines the consumer bankruptcy system in the United States after the enactment in April 2005 of S. 256, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005. The paper was prepared for a workshop on comparative commercial and consumer law at the University of Toronto in the fall of 2005. The bulk of the paper is devoted to a detailed examination of the workings of the means test, the Byzantine new gate-keeping provision that tests whether an individual consumer debtor may proceed with a liquidation bankruptcy case under chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The paper also examines more briefly four other aspects of the revisions to the U.S. consumer bankruptcy system: (1) the creation of entry barriers for a consumer debtor to obtain bankruptcy relief; (2) the weakening of the discharge available to consumer debtors; (3) windfalls to secured creditors; and (4) limitations to the homestead exemption. An Appendix includes a letter that 92 law professors sent to the United States Senate prior to enactment of the bill and which opposed the bill; the author was one of the signatories.
Effect of Pluronic F68 on Growth of Fibroblasts in Suspension on Rotary Shaker

SummaryA medium composed of the defined solution S103 supplemented with 20% horse serum yields a noncellular precipitate when agitated on a rotary shaker. This precipitation results in loss of from 25 to 100% of growth-promoting activity of the medium for strain U12-29 fibroblasts in shake cultures. Addition of the polyglycol, Pluronic F68, to the medium largely eliminates precipitation. Under these conditions, growth of U12-29 in suspension on a rotary shaker is comparable to that obtained in spinner cultures.
Wafer Scale Testing of MEMS Structural Films

Biaxial modulus and residual stress of silicon-rich silicon nitride (Si 3 + x N 4−x ) films on silicon substrates were measured at multiple discrete locations across wafer surfaces using a versatile bulge testing method. An array of 0.2 μm thick silicon nitride membranes were fabricated across the surface of 100 mm diameter wafers. The membranes were 1 mm square. Material properties of the film were extracted by measuring the deflection of the silicon nitride membranes under controlled pressure loading conditions. Pressures from 0 to 12 psi were applied across the membranes, while their deflected shapes were measured with a white light interferometer. Numerical analysis of the measured pressure-deflection behavior of the membranes enabled the biaxial modulus and residual stress of the film to be mapped over the wafer surface. These initial results indicated that the technique was able to determine biaxial modulus to within ±1 % and residual stress within ±4 %. Furthermore, the technique can be applied to composite membranes, enabling the determination of biaxial modulus and residual stress of an additional film subsequently deposited upon the membrane film.
Optical Measurements of Velocity, Density, and Mass Flux in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel

A laser diode absorption sensor has been developed for determining air mass flux from airflow velocity and density measurements. The density is determined from the spectroscopic absorption of a laser beam tuned to absorption lines in the oxygen A-band near 764 nm. The velocity is obtained from the Doppler shift of two such laser beams crossing in the flow field. The system was used to measure mass flux in the AEDC VKF Supersonic Tunnel A over a range of Mach numbers from 1.75 to 5.5. The results of these optical nonintrusive measurements are compared to results obtained from total temperature, total pressure, and static pressure measurements obtained using thermocouples and intrusive probes. The test results demonstrate that the optimum approach for nonintrusive mass flux measurements in a low-pressure, highspeed environment is to measure the velocity using laser diode absorption and combine with the density determined using static pressure readings in the test section and an independent static temperature determination. The optical mass flux system was also used to measure the passage of the shock wave through the test section as the tunnel flow transitions from subsonic to supersonic conditions (i.e., tunnel start). This alternative shock wave detection method may be used to detect tunnel start when a Schlieren system is not available or when use of a Schlieren system increases risk to operations personnel or the wind tunnel facility.
The non-sinusoidal oscillation waveform construction of mould and its synchronous control model

The oscillation model of mould which is in favor of lubrication has been established to improve the quality of casting blank.Based on sinusoidal oscillation waveform,a non-sinusoidal form has been constructed by use of paragraph-functions method.Six correspondent analytical expression formulas have been derived.On the basis of above,the vc-h synchronous control model has been established,which can ensure the casting quality under high speed.
Multi-band multi-tone tunable millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer for satellite beacon transmitter

This paper presents the design and test results of a multi-band multi-tone tunable millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer, based on a solid-state frequency comb generator. The intended application of the synthesizer is in a satellite beacon transmitter for radio wave propagation studies at K-band (18 to 26.5 GHz), Q-band (37 to 42 GHz), and E-band (71 to 76 GHz). In addition, the architecture for a compact beacon transmitter, which includes the multi-tone synthesizer, polarizer, horn antenna, and power/control electronics, has been investigated for a notional space-to-ground radio wave propagation experiment payload on a small satellite. The above studies would enable the design of robust high throughput multi-Gbps data rate future space-to-ground satellite communication links.
Analysis and utilization of extreme value theory for conservative overbounding

Over the last century Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has become an established collection of statistical methods for estimating the tails of distributions in a wide range of academic disciplines. In addition, the practice of over-bounding the tail probabilities, typically using Gaussian distributions, has been developed in recent years for modeling system uncertainty. This paper analyzes and implements the combination of EVT estimation using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and conservative overbounding. Moreover, quantifying the uncertainties of EVT estimation is paramount for successfully constructing overbounds. Our work primarily investigates these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations of a variety of distributions. After characterizing these uncertainties, an EVT-based overbounding approach is presented for a simple linear system. The results of this work show that an EVT-based approach can generate conservative overbounds using significantly less data than experiments alone.
OVARIAN AND ESTROUS RESPONSE OF SUCKLED BEEF COWS TO SELECT SYNCH ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL

Abstract This study evaluated ovarian and estrous responses as affected by day of the estrous cycle at initiation of treatment among cows synchronized with the Select Synch protocol. Fifty-six suckled Hereford x Red Angus multiparous cows were fitted with HeatWatch® electronic estrous detection monitors 22 d before initiation of treatment. Thirty-two percent of cows were not detected in estrus during this 22-d period, and were classified as anestrus. Treatment included an injection of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg) on d 7, followed by an injection of Prostaglandin F 2 α (PGF 2 α ; 25 mg) on d 0. Ovaries of cows were scanned daily via ultrasound from d 12 until the time of insemination to evaluate follicular and luteal response to the GnRH and PGF 2 α injections. Cows were visually observed for signs of estrus twice daily from d 0 to d 5 for approximately 2 h to compare visual detection of estrus with electronic detection. There was no difference (P>0.5) in the percentage of cows detected in estrus between visual (85%) and electronic (88%) observation. Ovarian and estrous responses to the GnRH and PGF 2 α injections were dependent on day of the estrous cycle when the protocol was initiated. Ovulation resulting in formation of a new corpus luteum (CL) and follicular turnover occurred following the injection of GnRH in 66 and 70% of cows, respectively. Only 14% of cows that were between d 15 and 17 of their estrous cycle responded to either GnRH or PGF 2 α administration. Additionally, these cows exhibited estrus 11 ± 19 h (mean ± SD) before injection of PGF 2 α . Anestrous cows exhibited estrus earlier (P 2 α injection is important.
Deleting Vascular ADAM17 Sheds New Light on Hypertensive Cardiac Hypertrophy

See related article, pp 949–955 A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 has sheddase activity for cleaving the ectodomain of several precursor molecules, including heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like growth factor. Over the past decade, Dr Eguchi and his colleagues have meticulously presented evidence that ADAM17 couples the angiotensin II (Ang II) type-1 (AT1) receptor to activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies on cultured cells have shown that EGFR transactivation is responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy in response to Ang II, but not contractility. Moreover, EGF was found to be capable of inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, which serves to enhance the coupling of Ang II to EGFR signaling by upregulating the expression of ADAM17. In a study that appeared last year in Hypertension , Eguchi’s group reported that inhibiting EGFR or endoplasmic reticulum stress attenuated vascular remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy in mice infused with Ang II, without affecting the increase in blood pressure.1 In the current issue, these investigators extend these observations further by showing that knockout of ADAM17 specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells prevents cardiac hypertrophy, vascular medial hypertrophy, and perivascular fibrosis in mice treated with Ang II, again without affecting the induced hypertension.2 ADAM17 deficiency also diminished EGFR activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vasculature, and a similar outcome was achieved by treatment of Ang II–infused mice with a human cross-reactive ADAM17 inhibitory antibody …
Regional Economic Integration in the Coastal Maya Lowlands: The Lithic Assemblage Of Saktunha, Belize

AbstractAs a small Late-to-Terminal Classic island community specialized in the procurement of marine resources, the site of Saktunha in Northern Belize reflects the dynamics of regional and long-distance exchange along the coastal margins of the eastern Maya Lowlands. An analysis of the lithic assemblage from the site therefore pertains to questions of Maya socioeconomic complexity that are contentiously debated in current thought on ancient Mesoamenca. A significant amount of early stage reduction debris, chert cobble cores, and tool forms not known to have been exportedfrom well-documented inland centers of lithic craft specialization were noted among the tools and debitage recoveredfrom Saktunha. This finding raises a number of issues with prevailing theoretical models of Maya regional economy. The producer-consumer model, which dominates thought on lithic exchange on the eastern Maya Lowlands, suggests that communities located outside of the Northern Belize Chert-bearing Zone and without immediate ac...
Applying Marketing Concepts to Non-Profit/Educational Organizations: The Youth Professional’s Responsibilities in Program Marketing & Promotion

The degree of participation in community-based youth development programs is typically affected by both the recruitment and retention of participants. A review of literature over more than forty years revealed the value of marketing and promotion to the viability of a company, product, or organization and how it may contribute to company sales or an organization’s membership. This article is focused on the application of marketing concepts to a non-profit organization or educational program. Using a marketing approach to program development can result in improved program quality as well as increased enrollment. Utilizing marketing activities such as needs assessment will aide in ensuring the program remains current in meeting needs and interests of clientele, the community, and society. Promoting an accurate and relevant image is a key in making sure people realize the value of your program.
Potentiation of the NO-cGMP pathway and blood flow responses during dynamic exercise in healthy humans

Previous work has shown nitric oxide (NO) contributes to ~15% of the hyperemic response to dynamic exercise in healthy humans. This NO-mediated vasodilation occurs, in part, via increases in intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which is catabolized by phosphodiesterase. We sought to examine the effect of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition on forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to dynamic handgrip exercise in healthy humans and the role of NO. We hypothesized exercise hyperemia would be augmented by sildenafil citrate (SDF, PDE-5 inhibitor). We further hypothesized any effect of SDF on exercise hyperemia would be abolished with intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA). FBF (Doppler ultrasound) was assessed at rest and during 5 min of dynamic forearm handgrip exercise at 15% of maximal voluntary contraction under control (saline) conditions and during 3 experimental protocols: (1) oral SDF (n = 10), (2) intra-arterial L-NMMA (n = 20), (3) SDF and L-NMMA (n = 10). FBF responses to intra-arterial sodium nitroprusside (NTP, NO donor) were also assessed. FBF increased with exercise (p < 0.01). Intra-arterial infusion of L-NMMA resulted in a reduction in exercise hyperemia (17 ± 1 to 15 ± 1 mL/dL/min, p < 0.01). Although the hyperemic response to NTP was augmented by SDF (area under the curve: 41 ± 7 vs 61 ± 11 AU, p < 0.01), there was no effect of SDF on exercise hyperemia (p = 0.33). Despite improving NTP-mediated vasodilation, oral SDF failed to augment exercise hyperemia in young, healthy adults. These observations reflect a minor contribution of NO and the cGMP pathway during exercise hyperemia in healthy young humans.
Non-catalytic conversion of glycerol to syngas at intermediate temperatures: Numerical methods with detailed chemistry

Abstract Glycerol is available in high volumes and at low costs as a byproduct of bio-diesel production. While combustion characteristics are poor, it is appealing to investigate potential reforming processes to recover its hydrogen and carbon in the form of synthesis gas, i.e. a combustible mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other small hydrocarbon species. This study pursues a non-catalytic approach, where reactions occur in the gas-phase at elevated temperatures favored by chemical kinetics. Detailed glycerol reaction chemistry involves many species and reactions, which makes a careful selection of numerical approaches critical. In this work, Eulerian and Lagrangian viewpoints for numerical calculations of a non-catalytic reforming process at intermediate temperatures are studied. All approaches are validated by propane partial oxidation, where non-catalytic experimental results are available in literature. Testing the numerical approaches for a wide range of operating conditions, it is illustrated that the Lagrangian approach outperforms other models in terms of efficiency. Using a transient zero-D Lagrangian technique, glycerol reforming characteristics are discussed at various wall temperatures and mixture conditions. The impact of fuel stoichiometry is investigated based on the oxygen ratio, which is a metric for mixture stoichiometry that accounts for the amount of oxygen bound in the fuel molecules. Results clearly indicate that wall temperatures higher than 1173 K and oxygen ratios in the range of 0.3–0.45 represent conditions that are favorable for glycerol reforming. It is further shown that excess methanol – a commonly found contaminant in crude glycerol – does not affect the reforming performance. As there is a lack of information on non-catalytic glycerol reforming in literature, qualitative comparisons between non-catalytic (from this work) and catalytic (from literature) glycerol reforming are discussed.
Founder exits and firm performance: An exploratory study

Abstract In this exploratory work, we examine the relation between founder exits and firm performance in new and emerging ventures using data ( N = 3120) from the Kaufmann Firm Survey (KFS) database which tracked firms over a seven-year period. We find that founder exits have an inverted-U shaped relationship to firm performance. Furthermore, the relationship between exits and performance is weakened when ownership is consolidated and governed by formal ownership agreements, and strengthened when owners are actively engaged in management of the firm. Overall, our results suggest that new and emerging firms’ organizational development influences the relationship between exits and performance. We discuss the theory-based and practical implications of this work as well as multiple lines of future research that can build on our findings.
Stroke: 'Brain health': what is it, what can we do about it and when should we start?

Cognitive ageing is a complex public health, social and economic problem that demands a bold response — a paradigm shift that leads science and society to view brain health across the lifespan of every individual as critically important. Implementation of 'Life's Simple 7' is a laudable step in that direction.
Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a reactive hypermelanosis that develops following cutaneous inflammation. Common causes of PIH include intrinsic skin conditions (e.g., acne and eczema) as well as external insults to the skin, such as burn injuries and dermatologic procedures. PIH more commonly occurs in individuals with darker skin, for whom it is often a source of significant psychological distress. Several therapeutic modalities are available for the treatment of PIH, including topical agents, chemical peels, and energy-based devices. We review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment of PIH.
Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance: Critical Roles in Sexual Differentiation

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the molecular approaches and tools that have been used to advance the understanding of Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) from a “Mullerian inhibitor”. Production of rhMIS for biochemical analysis has revealed similarities to the TGF-β family of growth modulators, including bioactivity of its C-terminal domain. Study of the activin and TGF-β receptors is providing new insight into possible mechanisms of MIS action. The sexually dimorphic expression of MIS has been characterized and correlated with postulated in vivo functions in the fetus and adult. Such biological roles for MIS include: primary gonadal differentiation and involution of the female reproductive ducts during normal male sexual development, regulation of germ cell meiosis, and modulation of fetal lung maturation and surfactant production in utero. The control of MIS secretion during sexual differentiation, postnatal development, puberty, and adulthood remains an area of intensive investigation; SRY, gonadotropins, steroids, other unidentified factors, and site-specific proteolytic enzymes play a role in this exquisite regulation.
Messages, Images, and Robots

By communication one means the transmission of information (a “message” or an “image”). The transmission is from a sender, via a medium, to a receiver. There exists a market for information — demand and supply for information. The demand is by consumers or corporations who want information, the supply by providers of messages and images — media. There is a market price for information. There is a price for letters (postage), for telephone communication, for fax, for newspapers, for books, for private investment letters, for cable TV, for renting video, for movie shows, for admission to concerts and museums and theme parks.
A Unified Behavioral Finance

We often hear that behavioral finance is nothing more than a collection of stories about irrational people—that it lacks the unified structure of standard finance. Yet today’s standard finance is no longer unified because wide cracks have opened between its theory and the evidence. The first generation of behavioral finance attempted to fill the cracks in standard finance largely by accepting its notions of investors as rational, yet describing investors as irrational and misled by cognitive and emotional errors. The second generation of behavioral finance described briefly here and in detail in the author’s book Finance for Normal People characterizes investors as normal . It depicts behavioral finance as a unified structure that incorporates parts of standard finance, replaces others, and bridges the gaps between theory, evidence, and practice.
The natural course of hypermutator gliomas.

2014Background: Hypermutator genotype (HMGen) is seen in glioblastoma (GB) and lower-grade gliomas. It may be induced by temozolomide (TMZ) and leads to TMZ resistance. We describe demographics, mu...
Social sand play

Sand tray activities can be a great way to help children achieve personal, social and emotional development goals; for example, by developing sand tray rules together and inventing new games.
A Survey of Parallel Implementations for Model Predictive Control

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has its reputation since it can handle multiple inputs and outputs with consideration to constraints. However, this comes at the cost of high computational complexity, which limits MPC to slow dynamic systems. This paper provides an overview of the available methods to accelerate the MPC process. Various parallel computing approaches using different technologies were proposed to speed up the execution of MPC, some of these approaches are focused on building dedicated hardware for MPC using field programmable arrays (FPGA), and others are focused on parallelizing MPC computation using multi-core processors (CPUs) and many-core processors (GPUs). The focus of this survey is to review the available methods for accelerating MPC process. A brief introduction to the theory of MPC is provided first followed by a description of each approach. A comparison between the different methods is presented in terms of complexity and performance followed by a valid application for each approach. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and requirements of MPC for future applications.
An impedance-based diameter gauge for in-pile fuel deformation measurements

AbstractDuring irradiation, the fuel-cladding interface of a nuclear fuel rod can experience significant mechanical and chemical interaction. In-situ measurement of the radial deformation of the cl...
A pattern-matching method for flow model calibration under training image constraint

Modern geostatistical modeling techniques are developed to simulate complex geologic connectivity patterns (e.g., curvilinear fluvial systems) at the grid-level using a training image (TI) that encodes multiple-point statistical (MPS) information. A challenging aspect of using MPS methods is conditioning the resulting models on nonlinear flow data. We develop a pattern-matching method for calibration of MPS-based facies models subject to the TI constraint. Since the exact statistical information in the TI can only be expressed empirically, flow data conditioning and pattern matching are carried out in two iterative steps, using an alternating-direction algorithm. Flow data integration is formulated through a regularized least-squares by taking advantage of learned k-SVD sparse parametrization and l1-norm sparsity-promoting regularization methods. The TI constraint is enforced through a MPS-based pattern-matching algorithm that uses the identified model calibration solution to generate a corresponding facies model that is consistent with the TI. The pattern-matching algorithm uses a local search template to scan the TI to find facies patterns with smallest distances from the corresponding local patterns in the parameterized approximate solution. The identified patterns for each location in the model are stored and used to estimate local conditional probabilities for assigning the facies types to each grid cell. The resulting solution is passed to the flow data conditioning step as a regularization term to perform the next iteration. The process is repeated until the MPS facies model provides an acceptable match to the data. Numerical experiments are presented to evaluate the performance of the pattern-matching method for calibration of complex facies models.
Variations in electronic states of coumarin hexanethiolate-labeled i-Au25 and bi-Au25 clusters

Au25(C6H14S)18 - icosahedron and [Au25(PPh)10(C6H14S)5Cl2]2+ bi-icosahedron clusters were synthesized. Ligand exchange reactions were carried out with a new coumarin-derived fluorophore (Cou-SH) to label both clusters. Labeled and unlabeled Au25 were compared and the changes in the electronic structure were determined. The labeled clusters showed marked changes in electronic states, as evidenced by the quenching in the UV region and enhancement in the near infrared. The quantum yield from Cou-SH decreased and the quantum yield from the labeled Au25 increased. Second, the authors observed changes in the electrochemical band gap.
Bibliometrics approach to evaluating the research impact of CTSAs: A pilot study.

Introduction To enhance the performance evaluation of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs, we examined the utility of advanced bibliometric measures that go beyond simple publication counts to demonstrate the impact of translational research output. Methods The sampled data included North Carolina Translational and Clinical Science Institute (NC TraCS)-supported publications produced between September 2008 and March 2017. We adopted advanced bibliometric measures and a state-of-the-art bibliometric network analysis tool to assess research productivity, citation impact, the scope of research collaboration, and the clusters of research topics. Results Totally, 754 NC TraCS-supported publications generated over 24,000 citation counts by April 2017 with an average of 33 cites per article. NC TraCS-supported research papers received more than twice as many cites per year as the average National Institute of Health-funded research publications from the same field and time. We identified the top productive researchers and their networks within the CTSA hub. Findings demonstrated the impact of NC TraCS in facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations within the CTSA hub and across the CTSA consortium and connecting researchers with right peers and organizations. Conclusion Both improved bibliometrics measures and bibliometric network analysis can bring new perspectives to CTSA evaluation via citation influence and the scope of research collaborations.
Outcome of 45,X fetuses with cystic hygroma: A systematic review

This objective of this systematic review was to estimate live birth rate and explore prognostic indicators in fetuses with 45,X karyotype and a posterior cystic hygroma (CH). Electronic databases were searched and studies reporting pregnancy outcomes (termination, spontaneous abortion, demise, or live birth) for fetuses with 45,X karyotype and a CH diagnosed on ultrasound were included. For cases of survival, CH characteristics, presence of hydrops fetalis, or concomitant anomalies, delivery details, and postnatal outcomes were summarized. A total of 95 studies, including 535 cases, met inclusion criteria: 285 (53.3%) pregnancies were terminated, 72 (13.5%) had spontaneous abortion or demise, 164 (30.7%) had unspecified pregnancy failure, and 14 (2.6%) were live births. Among live births with data available, all CH measured 2-7 cm, more than half were septate, and almost all regressed in size or eventually disappeared. Hydrops fetalis was noted in five cases. Of the eight live births with neonatal outcomes available, three neonates died shortly after birth and five survived past the neonatal period. This review suggests that diagnosis of CH in a 45,X fetus is associated with an estimated live birth rate of 2.6%, but only 1% survive to infancy. Prognosis appears to improve with CH regression.
Detection of charged particles in amorphous silicon layers

Abstract The succesful development of radiation detectors made from amorphous silicon coul offer the possibility for relatively easy construction of large area position-sensitive detectors. We have conducted a series of measurements with prototype detectors, on signals derived from alpha particle. The measurement results are compared with simple model calculations, and projections are made of potential applications in high-energy and nuclear physics.
Thermal resistance at a twist boundary and a semicoherent heterointerface

Traditional models of interfacial phonon scattering, including the acoustic mismatch model and diffuse mismatch model, take into account the bulk properties of the material surrounding the interface, but not the atomic structure and properties of the interface itself. Here, we derive a theoretical formalism for the phonon scattering at a dislocation grid, or two interpenetrating orthogonal arrays of dislocations, as this is the most stable structure of both the symmetric twist boundary and semicoherent heterointerface. With this approach, we are able to separately examine the contribution to thermal resistance due to the step-function change in acoustic properties and due to interfacial dislocation strain fields, which induces diffractive scattering. Both low-angle Si-Si twist boundaries and the Si-Ge heterointerfaces are considered here and compared to previous experimental and simulation results. This work indicates that scattering from misfit dislocation strain fields doubles the thermal boundary resistance of Si-Ge heterointerfaces compared to scattering due to acoustic mismatch alone. Scattering from grain boundary dislocation strain fields is predicted to dominate the thermal boundary resistance of Si-Si twist boundaries. This physical treatment can guide the thermal design of devices by quantifying the relative importance of interfacial strain fields, which can be engineered via fabrication and processing methods, versus acoustic mismatch, which is fixed for a given interface. Additionally, this approach captures experimental and simulation trends such as the dependence of thermal boundary resistance on the grain boundary angle and interfacial strain energy.
One clot after another in COVID-19 patient: diagnostic utility of handheld echocardiogram

A 63-year-old woman was admitted with severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation and shock requiring vasopressor support. She was found to have COVID-19 pneumonia. Focused cardiac ultrasound performed for evaluation of shock was significant for right ventricular dilation and dysfunction with signs of right ventricular pressure overload. Given worsening shock and hypoxemia systemic thrombolysis was administered for presumed massive pulmonary embolism with remarkable improvement of hemodynamics and respiratory failure. In next 24 h patient's neurologic status deteriorated to the point of unresponsiveness. Emergent computed tomography showed multiple ischemic infarcts concerning for embolic etiology. Focused cardiac ultrasound with agitated saline showed large right to left shunt due to a patent foramen ovale. This was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram, 5 months later. This case highlights strengths of focused cardiac ultrasound in critical care setting and in patients with COVID-19 when access to other imaging modalities can be limited.
Contribution of microbiota in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke

Abstract Stroke is a multifactorial pathological condition caused by the formation of a clot, which decreases blood flow to the brain. The pathophysiology of stroke involves overstimulation of NMDA receptors, influx of calcium, and activation of PLA2, COX-2, iNOS, and various protein kinases leading to induction of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, acute inflammation, and disruption of blood-brain and intestinal barriers. In addition, stroke-mediated brain injury is accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota, intestinal dysfunction, and disruption of the brain-gut axis leading to dysbiosis, leaky gut, and metabolic and immunological changes.
Analysis of electric vehicle interconnection with commercial building microgrids

E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Analysis of electric vehicle interconnection with commercial building microgrids Michael Stadler, Goncalo Mendes, Chris Marnay, Olivier Megel, and Judy Lai Environmental Energy Technologies Division Presented at the UCLA Smart Grid Thought Leadership Forum April 6, 2011 University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/emp-pubs.html The work described in this paper was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability’s Smart Grids Program in the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t: Current Issues for Professionals Seeking Compensation in Bankruptcy Cases Under 11 U.S.C. § 330

As to whether to defend their fee application under 11 U.S.C. § 330, professionals may well be damned if they do and damned if they don't. This article analyzes this statutory conundrum, surveying recent developments and issues for professionals employed under § 330 of the Bankruptcy Code. Topics discussed include (1) the various methods courts use to define "reasonable, actual, and necessary" compensation; (2) awards for the costs incurred while defending a fee application; (3) fee enhancements, including the Fifth Circuits cases on CRG Partners Grp., L.L.C. v. Neary (In re Pilgrim’s Pride Corp.) and ASARCO L.L.C. v. Jordan Hyden Womble Culbreth & Holzer, P.C. (In re ASARCO L.L.C.); and (4) post-judgment interest accruing during the defense of a fee award. The author argues that the Fifth Circuit has been correct to uphold decades of precedent allowing fee enhancements after the Supreme Court decision in Perdue v. Kenny A. ex rel. Winn, 559 U.S. 542 (2010), and that fees incurred in the defense of fee applications should be recoverable.
Development of a multiphasic screening examination for medical care patients — III: Yield of the multiphasic screening examination

Abstract The experience with the multiphasic screening examination employed in the Medical Care Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital on 6285 persons over the past 6 yr is analyzed by studying a representative sample of 823 persons. 1. (1) There is a significantly greater proportion of females and non-whites and a significantly smaller proportion of persons aged 40–64 years in the study population than in the general population of Baltimore City. 2. (2) 33.6 per cent were delinquent in keeping their appointment for the screening examination. 3. (3) Of those 546 persons who kept the appointment for screening examination, 138 or 25.3 per cent had significant and treatable organic abnormalities which were not under acceptable medical management at the time of the screening examination. This constitutes the yield of the multiphasic screening examination as defined in this study. 4. (4) Of those 353 persons who were free from significant organic disease, fifty-eight persons or 16.4 per cent were felt by the examining physician to have considerable psychiatric problems. In addition to this number, sixty-eight persons or 19.3 per cent reported subjective severe nervousness in the self-administered questionnaire.
Latina Adolescent Sleep and Mood: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Pilot Study

Problem Sleep and mood represent two important malleable opportunities for adolescent health. This study investigated the sleep–mood relationship in adolescent girls. Methods Short-term, longitudinal design. Latina adolescents (N = 19, mean age 15) completed ecological momentary assessments on sleep (perceived quality, self-report quantity) and mood (negative affect, positive affect, and positivity ratio). Findings Adolescents sent 1,598 texts on sleep and mood. Bidirectional sleep–mood relationships were in expected directions; negative affect and the positivity ratio affect predicted adolescents' sleep quality. Conclusions Interventions should encourage sleep–mood relationship awareness, and further research should identify significant differences to inform tailored interventions with adolescents.
Ferroelectric Si-Doped HfO 2 Device Properties on Highly Doped Germanium

Ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2 thin films are integrated into three different device stacks with a p+ Ge substrate, a p+ Si substrate, and a TaN bottom metal gate. The ferroelectric behavior of the Si-doped HfO2 thin films is strongly dependent on the bottom interfaces. The Si-doped HfO2 thin films have favorably improved ferroelectric properties on the p+ Ge substrate due to the lack of a dielectric interfacial layer between HfO2 and Ge. The low-voltage operation and cycling stability of Si-doped HfO2 ferroelectric thin films on Ge can lead to the realization of high performance, robust Ge ferroelectric field-effect transistors for nonvolatile memory applications.
Workspace Analysis of a Six-Degrees of Freedom, Three-Prismatic- Prismatic-Spheric-Revolute Parallel Manipulator

This paper studies the workspace of a six-degrees-of-freedom parallel manipulator of the general three-PPSR (prismaticprismatic-spheric-revolute) type. It is known that a drawback of parallel manipulators is their limited workspace. To develop parallel mechanisms with a larger workspace is of use to potential applications. The mechanism of a three-PPSR manipulator and its variations are briefly analysed. The workspace is then investigated and the effects of joint limit and limb interference on the workspace shape and size are numerically studied. The constituent regions of the workspace corresponding to different classes of manipulator poses are discussed. It is shown that the workspace of this parallel manipulator is larger than that of a comparable Stewart platform, especially in the vertical direction.
Morphology Characterization of Bacterial Colonies for Predicting Forward Scattering Patterns

In this paper we report quantitative measurements of bacterial colony morphologies that are subsequently used to predict forward scattering patterns with scalar diffraction theory. Predicted patterns for EcoliDH5? and ListeriaF4244 show distinguishable differences.
An anatomy lesson by Sir James Paget.

Paget's disease is known to preserve, or even to enhance, the normal anatomical configuration of the bones involved. The author presents a dramatic case of Paget's disease of the right part of the sphenoid bone, in which the bone scan highlights several anatomical features of this bone.
Synthesis and polymerization of novel formamidinium salts: A new pathway to polyamides derived from aromatic diamines

A new polycondensation pathway has been developed for the preparation of polyamides at high temperatures. p-Phenylenediamine was converted to N,N-p-phenylene bis(N′,N′-dimethylformamidine) (I), which formed 1–1 and 2–1 salts with terephthalic and adipic acids, respectively: Dicarboxylate salts were polymerizable by heating in bulk or suspension. Low-molecular-weight poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) was obtained from N,N-p-phenylene bis(N',N'-dimethylformamidinium) terephthalate above 225°C. The low degree of polymerization was due to terephthalic acid sublimation as well as to the well-known intractability of poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide). High-viscosity poly(p-phenyleneadipamide) was obtained from N,N-p-phenylene bis(N′,N′-dimethylformamidinum hydrogen adipate) above 200°C. Both salts liberated dimethylformamide (DMF) during polymerization. The adipate salt also released 1 mole of adipic acid during the high-temperature vacuum stage of polymerization. A polycondensation mechanism was proposed for each salt, based on thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-MS) and infrared (IR) analyses. The hydrolysis of N,N-p-phenylene bis(N',N'-dimethylformamidine), N,N-p-phenylene bis(N',N'-dimethylformamidinium chloride), and the two dicarboxylate salts of (I) was monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at room temperature. The dihydrochloride salt was most resistant to hydrolysis (kH 6.9 × 10−9 sec−1; relative rate 1.0) followed by (I) 7.1, terephthalate salt, 14.9, and adipate salt, 27.2. Both dicarboxylate salts possessed sufficient hydrolytic stability for use as polycondensation monomers
Reaping What You Sow Democratic Transitions and Foreign Policy Realignment

Why do states realign their foreign policies? I argue that democratic transitions are an important cause of foreign-policy realignment with the United States and, furthermore, that the nature of th...
Interaction between a turbulent air stream and a moving water surface

The interaction between a turbulent air stream and a water film flowing parallel to it was studied. The variables explored were the liquid flow rate, the gas flow rate, and the film height. The data were correlated in terms of a liquid and a gas Reynolds number. Thinner films or films having a lower Reynolds number were more stable. For the experiments reported in this research the transition from a smooth surface to a surface possessing two-dimensional waves occurs at hUτρliquid/µliquid of about 520. Transition from two-dimensional waves to a “pebbled” surface occurs at a value of this parameter of about 600. Theories presented in the literature for the initiation of waves on a liquid surface do not adequately describe the experimental results.
Salvage radiation for a rising PSA following radical prostatectomy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and complications of postprostatectomy therapeutic irradiation (RT) in patients with known residual disease. Between 1991 and 2003, 170 patients received therapeutic irradiation for a rising PSA following radical prostatectomy. No patients had clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease. The median pre-RT PSA level was 1.2 ng/mL (range, 0.2-43 ng/mL). During irradiation, the PSA level was checked weekly (median PSA determinations: 5, range, 2-7). A patient was considered to have a rise/fall of PSA if the level changed by > or = 0.2 ng/mL. There were 149 patients who received photon irradiation (median dose, 6800 cGy) and 21 patients received a combination of photon and neutron irradiation to a median photon dose equivalent of 7800 cGy. A patient was considered to have biochemical failure if his PSA level postnadir was measured at >0.2 ng/mL. Complications were graded according to the RTOG toxicity scale. The median follow-up time was 49 months (range, 1-137 months). Sixty-four patients (38%) had evidence of biochemical failure. The 7 year overall survival was 84%. At 7 years, the actuarial biochemical relapse free survival (bRFS) was 44%. Of the 59 patients with a preradiation PSA 4 ng/mL group (P = 0.00008). The 3-year bRFS rates for patients whose PSA levels increased, decreased, and remained the same during radiation were 20%, 65%, and 76%, respectively (P = 0.0005). Overall survival at 7 years in the decreased PSA group was 88% compared to 67% for those whose PSA level increased (P = 0.43). Thirty-three percent and 19% of the patients experienced Grade 2 genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) complications, respectively. Six percent and 3% of the patients had Grade 3 GU and GI complications, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with a favorable outcome were a declining PSA during RT and a pre-RT PSA <1 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality for select patients with a biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Patients with a low preradiation PSA level (<1.0 ng/mL) had a significantly better outcome, which supports the early use of therapeutic radiation. The observation that patients with a rising PSA level during treatment do poorly supports the routine practice of monitoring these levels during radiotherapy.