cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties and Evolution of Internet Traffic Networks from Anonymized Flow Data

Many projects have tried to analyze the structure and dynamics of application overlay networks on the Internet using packet analysis and network flow data. While such analysis is essential for a variety of network management and security tasks, it is infeasible on many networks: either the volume of data is so large as to make packet inspection intractable, or privacy concerns forbid packet capture and require the dissociation of network flows from users’ actual IP addresses. Our analytical framework permits useful analysis of network usage patterns even under circumstances where the only available source of data is anonymized flow records. Using this data, we are able to uncover distributions and scaling relations in host-to-host networks that bear implications for capacity planning and network application design. We also show how to classify network applications based entirely on topological properties of their overlay networks, yielding a taxonomy that allows us to accurately identify the functions of unknown applications. We repeat this analysis on a more recent dataset, allowing us to demonstrate that the aggregate behavior of users is remarkably stable even as the population changes.
Signatures of host mRNA 5’ terminus for efficient hantavirus cap-snatching

Hantaviruses, similar to other negative strand segmented RNA viruses initiate the synthesis of translation competent capped mRNAs by a unique cap-snatching mechanism. Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) binds to host mRNA caps and requires four nucleotides adjacent to the 5’ cap for high affinity binding. N protects the 5’ caps of cellular transcripts from degradation by the cellular decapping machinery. The rescued 5’ capped mRNA fragments are stored in cellular P-bodies by N, which are later efficiently used as primers by the hantaviral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for transcription initiation. We showed that N also protects the host mRNA caps in P-body deficient cells. However, the rescued caps were not effectively used by the hantavirus RdRp during transcription initiation, suggesting that caps stored in cellular P-bodies by N are preferred for cap snatching. We examined the characteristics of the 5’ terminus of a capped test mRNA to delineate the minimum requirements for a capped transcript to serve as an efficient cap donor during hantavirus cap snatching. We showed that hantavirus RdRp preferentially snatches caps from the nonsense mRNAs compared to mRNAs engaged in translation. Hantavirus RdRp preferentially cleaves the cap donor mRNA at a G residue located fourteen nucleotides downstream the 5’ cap. The sequence complementarity between the 3’ terminus of viral genomic RNA and the nucleotides located in the vicinity of the cleavage site of the cap donor mRNA favors cap snatching. Our results show that hantavirus RdRp snatches caps from viral mRNAs. However, the negligible cap donating efficiency of wild type mRNAs in comparison to non-sense mRNAs suggests that viral mRNAs will not be efficiently used for cap snatching during viral infection due to their continuous engagement in protein synthesis. Our results suggest that efficiency of an mRNA to donate caps for viral mRNA synthesis is primarily regulated at the translational level.
Rb 87 hyperfine-transition dephasing in mixed buffer-gas systems

Elucidating the mechanisms of dephasing in the alkali-metal ground state hyperfine transition has remained an unsatisfactorily resolved problem since the mid-1960s, even though its solution has relevance to next-generation atomic clocks. Recently, however, measurements of electronic spin relaxation in strong magnetic fields have resolved a number of outstanding ambiguities, and the situation has greatly improved. Unfortunately, while these studies have illuminated the processes contributing to hyperfine transition dephasing, they only allow one to infer actual dephasing rates, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The direct measurement of dephasing rates remains problematic, primarily as a result of temperature gradient inhomogeneous broadening, which makes it nearly impossible to distinguish systematic from physical effects. Here, we demonstrate that by measuring $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ as a function of mole fraction in mixed buffer-gas systems we can isolate temperature gradient effects, thereby allowing a direct comparison between theory and experiment. In the present work, we examine the linewidth of the $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ hyperfine transition in $\mathrm{Ar}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ mixed buffer-gas systems. We obtain good agreement between theory and experiment so long as we include the full dephasing contribution from RbAr van der Waals molecules: the spin-rotation contribution, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$, and the contribution from the change in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ hyperfine coupling, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{B}$, which we refer to as the Bouchiat rate. We have been able to measure ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{B}$, obtaining ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{B}=87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for RbAr.
Analytical modeling of nuclear power station operator reliability

Abstract The operator-plant interface is a critical component of power stations which requires the formulation of mathematical models to be applied in plant reliability analysis. The human model introduced here is based on cybernetic interactions and allows for use of available data from psychological experiments, hot and cold training and normal operation. The operator model is identified and integrated in the control and protection systems. The availability and reliability are given for different segments of the operator task and for specific periods of the operator life; namely, training, operation and vigilance or near retirement periods. The results can be easily and directly incorporated in system reliability analysis.
Cues, frequency, and the disturbing nature of intrusive thoughts : Patterns seen in rescue workers after the crash of Flight 427

Intrusive thoughts have been identified as key elements of chronic or traumatic stress, but many questions remain about how they operate and what causes persistence of disturbing intrusions. The present study considers these questions, examining the impact of having intrusive thoughts that are cued by stimuli in one's environment as opposed to uncued intrusions that seem to “come out of the blue.” In addition, this research evaluates the extent to which distress accompanying intrusive thoughts shortly after a traumatic event predicts persistence of intrusions over time. Rescue workers who responded to the crash of Flight 427 were studied 4 to 8 weeks, and 6, 9, and 12 months after the disaster. Participants who reported crash-related thoughts that were not prompted by cues showed higher levels of distress than those reporting only cued thoughts or those reporting neither. The magnitude of distress that these thoughts caused in the first 2 months after the crash was important in predicting subsequent frequency of unwanted thoughts. The presence or absence of cues and their role in the maintenance of distress also is discussed.
Source reconciliation of atmospheric gas-phase and particle-phase pollutants during a severe photochemical smog episode

A comprehensive organic compound-based receptor model is developed that can simultaneously apportion the source contributions to atmospheric gas-phase organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, fine particle organic compounds, and fine particle mass. The model is applied to ambient data collected at four sites in the south coast region of California during a severe summertime photochemical smog episode, where the model determines the direct primary contributions to atmospheric pollutants from 11 distinct air pollution source types. The 11 sources included in the model are gasoline-powered motor vehicle exhaust, diesel engine exhaust, whole gasoline vapors, gasoline headspace vapors, organic solvent vapors, whole diesel fuel, paved road dust, tire wear debris, meat cooking exhaust, natural gas leakage, and vegetative detritus. Gasoline engine exhaust plus whole gasoline vapors are the predominant sources of volatile organic gases, while gasoline and diesel engine exhaust plus diesel fuel vapors dominate the emissions of semivolatile organic compounds from these sources during the episode studied at all four air monitoring sites. The atmospheric fine particle organic compound mass was composed of noticeable contributions from gasoline-powered motor vehicle exhaust, diesel engine exhaust, meat cooking, and paved road dust with smaller but quantifiable contributions from vegetative detritus and tire wear debris. In addition, secondary organic aerosol, which is formed from the low-vapor pressure products of gas-phase chemical reactions, is found to be a major source of fine particle organic compound mass under the severe photochemical smog conditions studied here. The concentrations of secondary organic aerosol calculated in the present study are compared with previous fine particle source apportionment results for less intense photochemical smog conditions. It is shown that estimated secondary organic aerosol concentrations correlate fairly well with the concentrations of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid in the atmospheric fine particle mass, indicating that aromatic diacids may be useful in the quantification of certain sources of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere.
Saturn's magnetosphere: Observations of ion cyclotron waves near the Dione L shell

The mode of propagation and generational mechanism of quasi-periodic waves shown to be present near the Dione L shell by high time resolution measurements made with the Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer are investigated. The waves have a characteristic period of 18 s, well below the proton gyroperiod, and a typical amplitude of 5 nT. Ion cyclotron resonance of the waves with the dominant ions appears capable of generating the waves. Theoretical arguments based on the growth rates of the waves suggest that O(2+) is more likely to be responsible than O(+), but that a resonance involving H(+) ions with energies of a few keV cannot be excluded. Pitch angle scattering of heavy ions by the waves should cause precipitation with the possible production of an aurora near 67 deg latitude.
Solar neutrino flux measurement from the pure D2O-phase of the sudbury neutrino observatory

Abstract The measured non-νe active component of the solar neutrino flux from the pure-D2O phase (at 5 MeV threshold) is 3.41−0.45+0.45(stat.)−0.45+0.48 (syst.) × 106 cm−2s−1, 5.3σ greater than zero. This provides a strong model independent evidence for solar νe flavor transformation. The measured total flux, φNC, is consistent with solar models. A global MSW study based on SNO day-night spectra and existing data strongly favors the LMA region.
Semantics Driven Hardware Design, Implementation, and Verification with ReWire

There is no such thing as high assurance without high assurance hardware. High assurance hardware is essential, because any and all high assurance systems ultimately depend on hardware that conforms to, and does not undermine, critical system properties and invariants. And yet, high assurance hardware development is stymied by the conceptual gap between formal methods and hardware description languages used by engineers. This paper presents ReWire, a functional programming language providing a suitable foundation for formal verification of hardware designs, and a compiler for that language that translates high-level, semantics-driven designs directly into working hardware. ReWire's design and implementation are presented, along with a case study in the design of a secure multicore processor, demonstrating both ReWire's expressiveness as a programming language and its power as a framework for formal, high-level reasoning about hardware systems.
Effect of stimulation of endogenous glucagon secretion by amino acid administration on canine hepatic bile flow

Exogenous glucagon administration is associated with stimulation of hepatic bile flow. The physiologic role that glucagon plays in the control of hepatic bile flow remains indeterminant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate amino acid administration, a stimulus of endogenous glucagon release, on canine hepatic bile flow. The experiments were performed utilizing cholecystectomized dogs with chronic biliary fistulas. The enterohepatic circulation of bile salts was artificially maintained by intravenous bile salt administration. Intravenousl-arginine stimulated endogenous glucagon release and hepatic bile secretion. Intravenous amino acid administration produced significant increases in hepatic bile flow and plasma glucagon and was significantly more potent than intravenous arginine. Intravenous amino acid administration produced small but significant increases in serum insulin but did not significantly change plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin. The results of this study suggest that endogenous glucagon secretion produces a choleresis and supports a role for glucagon in the physiologic control of canine hepatic bile flow.
Technological assessment of DC-DC multiple-input converters as an interface for renewable energy applications

This paper explores important characteristics of multiple-input converters (MIC) serving as a power electronic interface for renewable energy applications. Advantages of MICs are explained through an example with a photovoltaic (PV) system. Feasible MIC topologies for renewable energy applications are discussed and classified into four different MIC families. According to their different configurations, each MIC family is suggested for certain renewable energy applications. Furthermore, possible operating issues of MICs, such as relatively low efficiency, are also discussed. Design considerations for extending MIC's voltage step-up ratio and achieving maximum power point tracking on all PV sources through are commented. Issues in modeling and control are also discussed, showing that it is important when evaluating closed-loop stability to consider nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of both renewable energy sources and the MIC. Design and synthesis of a multivariable controller that achieves quadratically stabilization and satisfies the H ∞ and pole-placement constraints for MICs is reviewed, too.
The Life and Death of an Indian State

The Gulf of Georgia Salish tribes — the Homalthko, Tlahoose, Sliammon and Seschelt — which are subjects of this report, present a challenging problem in Northwest Coast acculturation for the following reasons: (1) the almost complete sloughing-off at a relatively early contact period of their ceremonial culture (that is, of the potlatches and dancing rituals that are generally accepted as the main integrating features of Northwest Coast Indian cultures); (2) the relatively complete Catholicization of the tribes within a very short period of time, under the aegis and control of Bishop Durieu's "system;" and (3) the abrupt decay of this system of social control under the impact of external changes affecting the Indian communicants, and internal changes in the personnel and policy of the missionary order responsible for its origin and administration.
Why the Electoral College is good for political science (and public choice)

While the Electoral College may not be good for the political system, it is very good for political science (and public choice). This essay documents many of the ways in which this assertion is true.
HOME TESTING OF FRUCTOSAMINE IMPROVES GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES

Objective: To determine whether weekly fructosamine testing at home by patients with type 2 diabetes, combined with therapeutic intervention when necessary on the basis of the results, would lead t...
Comparison of three keratometry instruments

We compared the reliability of measurements of three keratometers and keratometry readings from a corneal topography system to determine if they were as accurate as the "gold standard" Javal-Schiotz keratometer. Same-day measurement of the steepest and flattest powers of the central 3 mm of the corneas of 200 eyes (100 patients) revealed no statistically significant difference in reliability between the newer keratometers and the Javal-Schiotz. In addition, the newer machines are more convenient and efficient in some clinical settings.
Packaging of rhodopsin and porphyropsin in the compound eye of the crayfish

The distribution of 3-dehydroretinal (Ral2) in dorsal, middle, and ventral slices of eyes of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii was examined by HPLC. No pronounced differences were found. Similar results were obtained when the eyes were cut into anterior, intermediate, and posterior portions. Dichroic difference spectra were measured in single halves of microvillar layers of isolated rhabdoms and the proportions of rhodopsin (P1) and porphyropsin (P2) estimated by comparison with computer-generated mixtures of these pigments, whose spectra are known from previous work. The fraction of visual pigment that is porphyropsin appears to be uniform throughout individual retinular cells and among the retinular cells of individual rhabdoms, but various substantially among different rhabdoms from the same eye. The interommatidial variation in the amount of P2 greatly exceeds the gross regional variation in Ral2. This means there is an intermingling of ommatidia with different levels of P2. The variability in P2 among ommatidia is not likely to have important implications for the vision of the crayfish but suggests that in the metabolism of retinoids, individual ommatidia are quasi-independent metabolic units. The results are compatible with a single opsin for both crayfish rhodopsin and porphyropsin.
Processing and Function of a Polyprotein Precursor of Two Mitochondrial Proteins in Neurospora crassa

In Neurospora crassa, the mitochondrial arginine biosynthetic enzymes, N-acetylglutamate kinase (AGK) and N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (AGPR), are generated by processing of a 96-kDa cytosolic polyprotein precursor (pAGK-AGPR). The proximal kinase and distal reductase domains are separated by a short connector region. Substitutions of arginines at positions -2 and -3 upstream of the N terminus of the AGPR domain or replacement of threonine at position +3 in the mature AGPR domain revealed a second processing site at position -20. Substitution of arginine at position -22, in combination with changes at -2 and -3, prevented cleavage of the precursor and identified two proteolytic cleavage sites, Arg-Gly downward arrow Tyr-Leu-Thr at the N terminus of the AGPR domain and Arg-Gly-Tyr downward arrow Ser-Thr located 20 residues upstream. Inhibitors of metal-dependent peptidases blocked proteolytic cleavage at both sites. Amino acid residues required for proteolytic cleavage in the connector were identified, and processing was abolished by mutations changing these residues. The unprocessed AGK-AGPR fusion had both catalytic activities, including feedback inhibition of AGK, and complemented AGK-AGPR- mutants. These results indicate that cleavage of pAGK-AGPR is not required for functioning of these enzymes in the mitochondria.
Comparisons of Various Salivary Parameters in Smokers Before and After the Use of a Nicotine-containing Chewing Gum

This study was designed to compare various salivary parameters between smokers and non-smokers and to determine the influence of a nicotine-containing chewing gum (used to aid in quit-smoking efforts) upon these same parameters. At the baseline examination, subjects were assigned to one of three groups: non-smokers who did not utilize any gum, smokers provided a nicotine-containing gum, and smokers provided a placebo gum. Saliva was collected from all subjects and analyzed for acidogenicity and buffer pH as well as for levels of thiocyanate, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory IgA. After 15 weeks of gum usage, saliva was again collected from each subject and the identical analyses performed. Significant differences were observed between smokers and non-smokers with regard to three parameters: The saliva of smokers contained greater concentrations of thiocyanate and lower concentrations of lactoferrin, at the baseline examination and after the 15-week test period. In addition, the CO content of alveolar air was higher in smokers at both examination periods. In contrast, the use of the nicotine gum per se had no effect on any of the test parameters.
Pentadic cartography: Mapping the universe of discourse

Does contemporary discourse operate within an open universe that enables discussion of public issues from a broad variety of perspectives? Or, as many social commentators maintain, is the influence of technological rationality so pervasive that it subsumes all points of view to its own terms, thus closing the universe of discourse? In this paper, pentadic cartography is presented as a method for charting the ways terminologies open and close discourse. First, Herbert Marcuse's notion of a closed “one‐dimensional” universe of discourse and his proposed Hegelian dialectical method for opening it are examined. Next, Kenneth Burke's interpretation of the closed universe of discourse and how the dramatistic pentad is used to chart it are described. Pentadic cartography, an application of the pentad for mapping verbal and visual symbolic terrain, is then developed and discussed. It is then used to map both a public discourse (a sixty second television commercial) and a critical discourse (Marcuse's social criti...
5-fluorouracil forward mutation assay in Salmonella: determination of mutational target and spontaneous mutational spectra.

Abstract A forward mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium that selects for 5-fluoruracil (FU) resistance has been developed. The two genes possibly involved in FU resistance, the uracil phosphoribosyl transferase gene ( upp ) and the uracil transport protein ( uraA ), have been cloned from S. typhimurium and sequenced. One hundred percent of FU-resistant clones display sequence changes in the upp gene, indicating that its loss is the major mechanism involved in FU resistance. The spontaneous mutational spectra at the upp locus were then determined in two S. typhimurium strains, FU100 and FU1535, that differ only in the presence of pKM101 plasmid. The pKM101 plasmid provides error-prone replicative bypass of DNA lesions and renders FU100 more susceptible to induced mutagenesis. Fluctuation analysis of FU-resistant clones demonstrated a 10-fold higher spontaneous mutation rate at the upp locus in FU100 relative to FU1535. Over 300 independent FU-resistant clones were then used to generate the spectra at the upp locus in both the strains. Approximately 40% of all the mutations were base substitutions, present at the same relative percentage in both the strains. Frameshift mutations also accounted for approximately 40% of the total; however, their incidence was slightly elevated in FU100. The remaining mutations were larger insertions and deletions, which were both slightly elevated in FU1535. pKM101 significantly elevated the rate of all classes of mutations at the upp locus, with profound effects on A:T to T:A transversions and −2-base frameshift mutations. These initial mutational spectra at the upp locus reveal 147 mutable sites, or 23% of the total 627-base coding sequence and suggest that the target can detect a diverse spectrum of mutagenic events.
Random list permutations in place

Abstract We give an algorithm to randomly permute a singly linked list of length n in place using O(log n) stack space and expected O(n log n) time on a RAM augmented with a constant-time random bit generator. An implementation in Common Lisp is evaluated.
A Reminiscence of Paul on a Coin Amulet

Mr. Henri Seyrig, Director of the French Archaeological Institute at Beyrouth, a friend to whom my studies of magical amulets owe as steadily increasing debt, has added another to his many contributions by sending me a careful copy of the inscription here discussed (letter of March II, 1949). It was incised upon a Roman silver denarius (diameter 15 mm.), both sides of which had been smoothed off in order to receive it. Of the obverse design Mr. Seyrig reports that nothing can be seen; of the reverse type there remains the outline of a galley with oars, which moves to the right.
Dietary polyunsaturated fat decreases interaction between low density lipoproteins and arterial proteoglycans

Polyunsaturated dietary fat (n−3 and n−6) results in less atherosclerosis in monkeys compared to lard (Parks, J.S., Kaduck-Sawyer, J., Bullock, B.C., and Rudel, L.L.,Arteriosclerosis 10, 1102–1112; Rudel, L.L., Parks, J.S., Johnson, F.L., and Babiak, J.,J. Lipid Res. 27, 465–474, 1986). We hypothesized that this was due, in part, to a decreased reactivity of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with arterial proteoglycans (PG). To test this hypothesis, cynomolgus monkeys were fed diets containing lard, safflower oil (n−6 polyunsaturated; Poly), menhanden fish oil (FO), or oleic acid-rich safflower oil (oleinate; Mono) for 14 mon, and plasma LDL were isolated and characterized. Several properties of LDL thought to be important in the interaction of LDL with arterial PG were measured including LDL particle size, chemical composition, sialic acid content, density distribution, apolipoprotein E (apoE) content and cholesteryl ester transition temperature. Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations (mg/dL) after 14 mon of diet consumption averaged (mean±SEM): FO (366±45), Lard (352±27), Poly (279±24), and Mono (230±43). The composition of LDL was similar among diet groups except that FO LDL were relatively depleted of cholesteryl ester and enriched in protein and were smaller in size. LDL sialic acid content was similar among diet groups (4.5–5.0 μg/mg LDL protein). The LDL apoE/B molar ratio, a measure of the apoE content per LDL particle averaged: Mono (3.0±1.0), Poly (2.0±0.1), Lard (1.8±0.5), and FO (1.0±0.2). The FO group had a lower proportion (13%) of the apoE enriched d=1.015–1.025 g/mL subfraction of LDL than did the other diet groups (31–45%). The transition temperature of the LDL cholesteryl esters was below body temperature for the FO and Poly groups (36°C) and above for the Lard and Mono groups (40–44°C). The percentage of LDL cholesterol that formed insoluble complexes with arterial chondroitin sulfate PG averaged: Mono (29±4%), Lard (18±3%), Poly (14±3%), and FO (7±2%). Among all diet groups, there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.54) between LDL-PG complex formation and LDL apoE/B molar ratio. We conclude that dietary FO and Poly result in LDL that are less reactive with arterial PG compared to Lard or Mono fats. While FO appears to decrease PG binding by decreasing the apoE content and amount of the largest LDL subfraction, Poly fat appears to affect LDL-PG interactions by other mechanisms. Decreased LDL-PG interactions may lead to decreased atherosclerosis in animals fed polyunsaturated dietary fat.
The molecular properties of the copper enzyme galactose oxidase

Abstract Galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) has been purified 140-fold by DEAE- and CM-cellulose chromatography from cultures of Polyporus circinatus . The enzyme has a molecular weight of 68,000 ± 3,000 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, Sephadex G-150 chromatography, and osmometry. Galactose oxidase is a single-chain protein which does not self-associate. Charge isozymes of the enzyme are detected by ion-exchange chromatography and gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition determined herein is significantly different from that previously reported (Kelly-Falcoz, F., Greenberg, H., And Horecker, B. L. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240 , 2966–2970). The enzyme contains 1% by weight of neutral carbohydrate. Galactose oxidase contains 1 g-atom of copper per 70,000 g of protein. The metal does not contribute to the electrophoretic or isozymic properties of the protein. However, the sedimentation coefficients of the holo- and apoenzymes, 4.76S and 4.83S, respectively, do suggest that small differences in protein conformation accompany the removal of the copper from the holoenzyme. Attempted sulfhydryl group titration of galactose oxidase shows that the holoenzyme is resistant to denaturation. However, in β-mercaptoethanol-guanidine HCl 5 half-cystine residues are titrated in the apoenzyme. On a dry-weight basis, the E 1cm 1% value for galactose oxidase at 280 nm is 15.4. Galactose oxidase has an isoelectric point above pH 10 which is a probable source of some of its anomalous behavior in physical measurements and enzyme-activity determinations.
ITIL: a framework for managing digital library services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) framework and its relevance to digital library projects and operations.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the ITIL framework.Findings – The use of the ITIL has been pervasive in the corporate environment, particularly in the UK. With the release of version 3 of the library, the use of the library is expected to grow and expand into newer areas, such as digital library infrastructure management.Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the digital library management literature by exploring the applicability of the ITIL framework as a means for more effectively developing and delivering services in IT organizations that support digital libraries.
Categorization of computing education resources with utilization of crowdsourcing

The Ensemble Portal harvests resources from multiple heterogeneous federated collections. Managing these dynamically increasing collections requires an automatic mechanism to categorize records in to corresponding topics. We propose an approach to use existing ACM DL metadata to build classifiers for harvested resources in the Ensemble project. We also present our experience with utilizing the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform to build ground truth training data sets from Ensemble collections.
Sperm Status Regulates Sexual Attraction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mating behavior of animals is regulated by the sensory stimuli provided by the other sex. Sexually receptive females emit mating signals that can be inhibited by male ejaculate. The genetic mechanisms controlling the release of mating signals and encoding behavioral responses remain enigmatic. Here we present evidence of a Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite-derived cue that stimulates male mating-response behavior and is dynamically regulated by her reproductive status. Wild-type males preferentially mated with older hermaphrodites. Increased sex appeal of older hermaphrodites was potent enough to stimulate robust response from mating-deficient pkd-2 and lov-1 polycystin mutant males. This enhanced response of pkd-2 males toward older hermaphrodites was independent of short-chain ascaroside pheromones, but was contingent on the absence of active sperm in the hermaphrodites. The improved pkd-2 male response toward spermless hermaphrodites was blocked by prior insemination or by genetic ablation of the ceh-18-dependent sperm-sensing pathway of the hermaphrodite somatic gonad. Our work suggests an interaction between sperm and the soma that has a negative but reversible effect on a hermaphrodite-derived mating cue that regulates male mating response, a phenomenon to date attributed to gonochoristic species only.
Eye of the Beholder: The individual and dyadic contributions of empathic accuracy and perceived empathic effort to relationship satisfaction

This study examined links between two distinct facets of empathy-empathic accuracy and perceived empathic effort-and one's own and one's partner's relationship satisfaction. Using a video recall procedure, participants (n = 156 couples in committed relationships) reported on their own emotions and their perceptions of partners' emotions and partners' empathic intentions during moments of high affect in laboratory-based discussions of upsetting events. Partners' data were correlated as a measure of how accurately they were able to read what the other was feeling and to what degree they felt the other was trying to be empathic at those moments. The perception of empathic effort by one's partner was more strongly linked with both men's and women's relationship satisfaction than empathic accuracy. Men's relationship satisfaction was related to the ability to read their partners' positive emotions accurately, whereas women's relationship satisfaction was related to their partners' ability to read women's negative emotions accurately. Women's ability to read their husbands' negative emotions was positively linked to both men's and women's relationship satisfaction. Findings suggest that the perception of a partner's empathic effort-as distinct from empathic accuracy-is uniquely informative in understanding how partners may derive relationship satisfaction from empathic processes. When working with couples in treatment, heightening partners' perceptions of each other's empathic effort, and helping partners learn to demonstrate effort, may represent particularly powerful opportunities for improving satisfaction in relationships.
The Role of Journalism in Democratic Conflict Management Narrating the New York Budget Crisis After 9/11

While media scholars and other observers have long argued that the news typically presents politics in adversarial, dualistic terms that emphasize drama and conflict, the impact of specific journalistic word choices on citizen participation in democracy has received surprisingly little attention. This article applies conflict theory in empirical analysis of newspaper coverage of the New York City budget crisis following 9/11. Metaphor and content analyses illustrate that conflict is often described as a “battle” or “game” that is played by elite decision makers. Stories emphasize political positions of a narrow range of actors rather than underlying interests of constituents. The authors argue that this coverage reinforces public beliefs that even decisions that affect them personally are out of their control and thus discourages public participation in what they call democratic conflict management: the collective processes of managing clashing interests and factions in ways compatible with representative...
Children's Use of Form and Color in a Problem-Solving Situation

Summary.-A set of acetate puzzles permitting use of form and color were administered to 36 children in nursery school through Grade 3. A progressive change with age in ability to use color concepts in construction of forms was observed. The testing materials and procedure appear to merit further attention. This study investigated the use of color and form among young children. The emerging role of color in the cognitive processes of young children was the primary point of interest. Specially constructed puzzles made of colored, transparent plastic and acetate were used as stimulus material.~bserva tions were made of children of different age groups attempting to work the puzzles. Corah (1966) found in his work with color and form perception that preschool children have a tendency to match on the basis of color rather than form, while older children more often match on form. Corah's st~tdies have been limited mainly to the perception of form and color and have not examined the use made of these properties in children's constructions. Little is known about the child's actual use of color and form in a situation which requires focus on one or both of these elemenrs. This study provided an opportunity to inquire into the methods and approaches used by children in solving color and form problems.
Analytical model for I-V characteristics of ion-implanted MESFET's with heavily doped channel

A theoretical model for the I-V characteristics of ion-implanted metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) has been developed. A formula for effective drift saturation velocity for electrons and a Gaussian approximation for the inverse of reduced distances in the channel have erased the process of formulation. Theoretical formulas for early saturation of drain current and transconductance obtained in the framework of the Lehovec-Zuleeg procedure are quite simple and accurate. When calculated results from the present model are compared with available experimental results, an encouraging correspondence between the two is observed. A study of the appropriateness of the velocity overshoot and the softening of pinch-off voltage indicates that both of these phenomena are real in short-channel MESFETs and need to be carefully accounted for in a realistic model. The model is equally applicable also to ion-implanted JFETs. >
A hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian particle‐level set method for numerical simulations of two‐fluid turbulent flows

A coupled Lagrangian interface-tracking and Eulerian level set (LS) method is developed and implemented for numerical simulations of two-fluid flows. In this method, the interface is identified based on the locations of notional particles and the geometrical information concerning the interface and fluid properties, such as density and viscosity, are obtained from the LS function. The LS function maintains a signed distance function without an auxiliary equation via the particle-based Lagrangian re-initialization technique. To assess the new hybrid method, numerical simulations of several ‘standard interface-moving’ problems and two-fluid laminar and turbulent flows are conducted. The numerical results are evaluated by monitoring the mass conservation, the turbulence energy spectral density function and the consistency between Eulerian and Lagrangian components. The results of our analysis indicate that the hybrid particle-level set method can handle interfaces with complex shape change, and can accurately predict the interface values without any significant (unphysical) mass loss or gain, even in a turbulent flow. The results obtained for isotropic turbulence by the new particle-level set method are validated by comparison with those obtained by the ‘zero Mach number’, variable-density method. For the cases with small thermal/mass diffusivity, both methods are found to generate similar results. Analysis of the vorticity and energy equations indicates that the destabilization effect of turbulence and the stability effect of surface tension on the interface motion are strongly dependent on the density and viscosity ratios of the fluids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commodity Programs: Who Has Received the Benefits?

The motivational force for intervening in a nation's agricultural economy has frequently been the assurance of a food supply. "Only relatively recently has one of the arguments for intervention been the perceived need to undo certain consequences of abundance" (Lidman, p. 895). Agricultural policies pursued by the United States have been classified into two broad categories--developmental policies "which relate to the supplies and prices of resources and to increased supplies of farm products" and compensational policies "designed to compensate or offset the results of developmental policies that had increased farm output at a faster rate than the growth in food demand" (Heady, pp. 24, 26). Compensational policies, enacted through commodity programs, have been oriented mainly toward the support of farmers who produce specific commodities rather than the farm industry. In general, commodity programs have tried to cope with adverse conditions arising from imbalances in the supply and demand situation. Although more than fifty-five pieces of legislation have been enacted with the purpose of sustaining agriculture's well-being during the past fifty years, commodity programs have used few measures to influence the marketing of farm commodities and the incomes of farmers. Primary support measures have included supply control through acreage restrictions, allotments, long-term land retirement and marketing quotas; price support through direct purchases of commodities and use of nonrecourse loans; direct payments to encourage farmers to leave land idle and to maintain farm income; and various domestic and foreign food aid programs to bolster prices by increasing the consumption of farm products. By influencing the supply, demand, and prices for commodities, farm programs have altered economic outcomes-some commod-
A Local Solution with Global Characteristics for the Joint Torque Optimization of a Redundant Manipulator

In this paper, a stable local solution with global characteristics is developed for the joint torque optimization problem in redundant robotic manipulators. It is shown that the local optimization of the inertia inverse weighted dynamic torque corresponds to the global kinetic energy minimization problem. The proposed local-global alternative to the joint torque optimization problem is compared for stability and torque optimality with five (5) different methods used for redundancy resolution of robotic manipulators at the acceleration level. The proposed local-global solution has been implemented and tested on a planar four (4) DOF kinematically redundant lab robot which was designed and built at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). Several numerical simulations confirm the positive advantages of solutions which have a local as well as a global interpretation. In addition, a “Dynamic Manipulation Index” is introduced to monitor the stability of an optimization problem in a kinematically redundant robot.
A 6-b 1.6-GS/s ADC With Redundant Cycle One-Tap Embedded DFE in 90-nm CMOS

ADC-BASED serial link receivers are emerging in order to scale data rates over high attenuation channels. Embedding partial equalization inside the front-end ADC can potentially result in lowering the complexity of back-end DSP and/or decreasing the ADC resolution requirement, which results in a more energy-efficient receiver. This paper presents a 6-b 1.6-GS/s ADC with a novel embedded DFE structure. A redundant cycle technique is proposed for a time-interleaved SAR ADC, which relaxes the DFE feedback critical path delay with low power/area overhead. The 6-b prototype ADC with embedded one-tap DFE is fabricated in an LP 90-nm CMOS process and achieves 4.75-bits peak ENOB and 0.46 pJ/conv.-step FOM at a 1.6-GS/s sampling rate. Enabling the embedded DFE while operating at 1.6 Gb/s over a 46-in FR4 channel with 14-dB loss at Nyquist bandwidth opens a previously closed eye and allows for a 0.2 UI timing margin at a BER=10-9. Total ADC power including front-end T/Hs and reference buffers is 20.1 mW, and the core time-interleaved ADC occupies 0.24 mm 2 area.
Feed forward field orientation control of an induction motor using a PWM voltage source inverter and standardized single-board computers

The implementation of a speed-control regulator for an induction motor with single-board computers and as much standardized hardware as possible is described. The improvements over previous attempts include mainly the use of gating pulse patterns previously stored in the memory of a computer board, the use of coprocessing, and of a technique combining both software and hardware to sample motor currents with the required accuracy. The experimental system proved stable and robust against variations of rotor resistance and responded well to step-input changes. >
Efficient fully-floating double-sampling integrator for ΔΣ ADCs

A novel double-sampling integrator is proposed, which is insensitive to path mismatch, and does not introduce a detrimental extra factor into the loop gain. It allows the use of efficient design methods for DeltaSigma ADCs.
Structural Workshop Paper---Estimating Discrete Games

This paper provides a critical review of the methods for estimating static discrete games and their relevance for quantitative marketing. We discuss the various modeling approaches, alternative assumptions, and relevant trade-offs involved in taking these empirical methods to data. We consider games of both complete and incomplete information, examine the primary methods for dealing with the coherency problems introduced by multiplicity of equilibria, and provide concrete examples from the literature. We illustrate the mechanics of estimation using a real-world example and provide the computer code and data set with which to replicate our results.
Controversies in family planning: contraceptive counseling in the solid organ transplant recipient.

This article discusses various contraceptive options and the risks they pose to organ transplant patients before during and after the transplant. A female patient may experience periods of temporary infertility before the operation but it is likely she will regain her fertility. The combination of contraceptives with organ transplant medication can also have an impact on the patient’s health. In some cases inserted contraceptives are safer and more effective than oral contraceptives. There are very few published studies that address these complications. Health care providers should properly inform all women of child-bearing age who are pre or post organ transplant surgery. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Preliminary Study of Human Pilot Dynamics in the Control of Time-Varying Systems

An exploratory examination of time-varying human pilot behavior is presented. A procedure for creating a real-time, pilot-in-the loop simulation environment using Simulink® is discussed. A series of single-axis compensatory tracking tasks are conducted with a single, well-trained subject. Identification of pilot dynamics is undertaken using the output error model estimation algorithm. The results suggest that the human pilot is capable of generating dynamics associated with the crossover model of the human during controlled element transitions. A model matching exercise is included in which the parameters of a simplified pursuit control model of the human pilot are varied to provide an acceptable match to the identified open-loop pilot/vehicle transfer function. A brief discussion of the statistical properties associated with identification techniques is presented followed by a discussion of alternate identification schemes. The latter includes a second estimation algorithm (gettf1) in which the optimal regressor order is found based upon a user-defined upper limit on the number of free parameters in the numerator and denominator. The study continues with the exercise of gettf1 in analyzing pilot-in-the-loop three-axis tracking data involving the attitude control of a helicopter model at hover. Finally, a pilot-in-the-loop simulation was conducted that utilized a simple model-reference adaptive control system that attempted to compensate for changes in vehicle dynamics. A discussion and conclusion sections complete the study.