cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cylinder air-charge estimation for advanced intake valve operation in variable cam timing engines

Abstract High efficiency of three-way automotive catalysts is achieved by regulating cylinder air–fuel ratio in a narrow band around the stoichiometry. Due to a delay present in the exhaust gas oxygen sensor signal, performance of the air–fuel ratio regulation depends on accuracy of the cylinder air-charge estimate. Variable cam timing (VCT) introduces a challenge to the air-charge estimator due to its effect on engine pumping and, in some cases, due to unmeasured back-flow of the exhaust gas into the intake manifold. The objective of this paper is to illuminate some of these issues and suggest methods to improve accuracy of air-charge estimation in VCT engines.
Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated vascular responses in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

Abstract tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), a membrane permeant oxidant, elicits enhanced vasoconstriction of perfused kidney and mesenteric arterial beds isolated from DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. We hypothesize that enhanced vasoconstriction to t-BOOH during DOCA-salt hypertension involves free radical species and decreases in the expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD). t-BOOH (0.01–50 μmol) dose-dependently constricted the perfused kidney and mesenteric vascular beds (MVB) of rats. Infusion of tempol (100 μM), a free radical scavenger, reduced the constrictor responses from 116.70±16.65% to 57.45±9.25% (kidneys) and from 72.91±3.70% to 48.10±0.10% (mesenteric beds). t-BOOH-induced vasoconstriction of both vascular beds were also significantly reduced in DOCA-salt rats treated chronically (15 mg/kg ip, 3 weeks) with tempol (DOCA/TEMPOL). Catalase (500 IU) did not attenuate t-BOOH-induced responses in vascular beds of DOCA/TEMPOL rats. Western blot analyses showed significant reduction in Cu/Zn–SOD expression in DOCA-salt versus sham rats of both vascular preparations; SOD expressions were protected from down-regulation in DOCA/TEMPOL vascular beds. This study suggests that free radical species is involved in both t-BOOH-induced constrictions and in the down-regulation of SOD protein expressions during DOCA-salt hypertension.
Comparison of Two Preparation Methods on Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Ru-Mo/HZSM5 for Methane Dehydroaromatization

Catalytic performance of Mo/HZSM5 and Ru-Mo/HZSM5 catalysts prepared by vaporization-deposition of molybdenum trioxide and impregnation with ammonium heptamolybdate was analyzed in terms of catalyst activity and selectivity, nitrogen physisorption analyses, temperature-programmed oxidation of carbonaceous residues, and temperature-programmed reduction. Vaporization-deposition rendered the catalyst more selective to ethylene and coke than the catalyst prepared by impregnation. This result was assigned to lower interaction of molybdenum carbide with the zeolite acidic sites.
Intracellular injections of EGTA block induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation

Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is a remarkably stable facilitation of synaptic responses resulting from very brief trains of high-frequency stimulation. Because of its persistence and modest induction conditions, LTP represents a promising candidate for a substrate of memory. Some progress has been made in localizing the changes responsible for the effect; for example, it has been shown that LTP is not accompanied by changes in the fibre volleys of the test afferents or by generalized alterations of the dendrites of their target cells. However, it is unknown whether the potentiation is due to pre- or postsynaptic changes and there is evidence in favour of each (for example, see refs 5, 6). We now report that intracellular injections of the calcium chelator EGTA block the development of LTP. These results strongly suggest that LTP is caused by a modification of the postsynaptic neurone and that its induction depends on the level of free calcium.
Protein metabolism in the cancer patient

Abstract The ‘flooding’ method has been widely used for measuring protein synthesis in animal tissues in vivo and in vitro, employing radioactively labelled amino acids, because it minimises errors in determining the specific radioactivity of the direct precursor of protein synthesis. This approach has now been modified for measuring protein synthesis rates in tumours and healthy tissues of humans by injection of the stable isotopic labels, [1-13C]leucine or [2H5]phenylalanine, followed by tissue sampling during surgery. Based on the observation that rates of protein synthesis correlate with changes in the expression of cell proliferation markers, we have suggested that changes in protein synthesis in tumours can be used as indices of changes in tumour growth. Measurements in colorectal cancer patients have shown that protein synthesis is stimulated 80% by feeding, suggesting that the tumour is not a pure parasite, but responds to exogenous nutrients. Moreover, when the composition of the amino acids given to the patient was changed from a balanced mixture to one supplemented with branched chain amino acids, the response of the tumour to feeding was significantly diminished, suggesting that tumour growth might be modulated by diet composition. Dietary supplements of arginine have been shown previously to inhibit tumour growth in animals, probably by activating the immune system. However, in breast cancer patients arginine stimulated tumour protein synthesis, suggesting that arginine might have separate stimulatory effects on the tumour and the immune system, the outcome depending on which effect predominates.
Evaluation of certain dangers in the use of jet injection technic.

Conclusions1. Under conditions very favorable for intravenous injection, the “Hypospray” has lodged as much as 97% of the total available drug in the vein, even when administered through the skin and subcutaneous tissues.2. Large veins are easier to hit than small veins and retain a larger amount of the jet-injected material.3. The probability of unintentionally penetrating a major vessel with the jet is small but the risk is always present.4. Jet discharges should not be made in the neighborhood of large vessels unless the drug to be injected is safe for intravenous administration.5. The jet may produce macroscopically visible damage to a vessel.
A fabless company's perspective on large die Chip Package Interaction (CPI) challenges

FPGAs continue to evolve at most advanced semiconductor technology nodes, and in larger die and package form factors to meet the increasing demands for performance from high end systems. Scaling of the low-k dielectric material in the die at these nodes poses a challenge, not only for process integration, but also for Chip Package Interaction (CPI) reliability. Here we review some of the major concerns with large die CPI reliability in light of this relentless march towards lower-k material. We also propose a need for collaboration across multiple parties (Fab, Component Supplier, Assembly House, Board Supplier, System Designer, and End Customer) in order to successfully meet performance goals without sacrificing reliability needs for the system.
Opting Out and Buying Out: Wives' Earnings and Housework Time.

It has been proposed that the negative association between wives’ earnings and their time in housework is due to greater outsourcing of household labor by households with high-earning wives, but this hypothesis has not been tested directly. In a sample of dual-earner married couples in the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 796), use of market substitutes for women’s housework was found to be only weakly associated with wives’ time cooking and cleaning. Furthermore, expenditures on market substitutes explain less than 15% of the earnings–housework time relationship. This suggests that use of market substitutes plays a smaller role in explaining variation in wives’ time in household labor than has previously been hypothesized.
Comparison of three algaecides for controlling the density of Prymnesium parvum.

Rodgers, John H., Jr., Brenda M. Johnson, and West M. Bishop, 2010. Comparison of Three Algaecides for Controlling the Density of Prymnesium parvum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):153-160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00399.x Abstract: Prymnesium parvum has become more prevalent in water resources of the southern United States. As the potential impacts of P. parvum are relatively well known, especially its capability to severely affect fish, managers have sought efficacious, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable strategies for mitigating this noxious species. Laboratory testing was used to identify an effective algaecide for control of P. parvum from Texas, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Cutrine®-Plus at 0.2 mg Cu/l significantly decreased the density of P. parvum in samples from all of these locations. Both copper sulfate and Phycomycin® were less effective for controlling the population growth of P. parvum. The predicted response from the laboratory study was confirmed in the field at the Arizona site. Strategic use of Cutrine®-Plus in larger water resources could provide toxin-free refugia to allow some fish to survive and repopulate the water resource when the golden alga infestation abates.
Plant disease reality

Abstract The Nature of Disease in Plants by R.P. Scheffer Cambridge University Press, 1997. £60.00 hbk (ix+325 pages) ISBN 0 521 48247 X
From Androgen Receptor to the General Transcription Factor TFIIH IDENTIFICATION OF cdk ACTIVATING KINASE (CAK) AS AN ANDROGEN RECEPTOR NH2-TERMINAL ASSOCIATED COACTIVATOR

The androgen receptor (AR), like other steroid receptors, modulates the activity of the general transcription machinery on the core promoter to exert its function as a regulator. Co-immunoprecipitation of prostate cancer LNCaP cell extract using protein A-Sepharose coupled with anti-AR antibody indicates that the AR interacts with the general transcription factor TFIIH in a physiological condition. Co-transfection of cdk activating kinase (CAK), the kinase moiety of TFIIH, enhanced AR-mediated transcription in a ligand-dependent manner in human prostate cancer PC-3 and LNCaP cells, and in a ligand-independent manner in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Detailed interaction studies further revealed that the AR NH2-terminal domain interacting with CAK was essential for the CAK-induced AR transactivation. Together, our data suggest that the AR may interact with TFIIH for efficient communication with the general transcription factors/RNA polymerase II on the core promoter.
Where is the action? Action sentence processing in Parkinson's disease

According to an influential view of conceptual representation, action concepts are understood through motoric simulations, involving motor networks of the brain. A stronger version of this embodied account suggests that even figurative uses of action words (e.g., grasping the concept) are understood through motoric simulations. We investigated these claims by assessing whether Parkinson's disease (PD), a disorder affecting the motor system, is associated with selective deficits in comprehending action-related sentences. Twenty PD patients and 21 age-matched controls performed a sentence comprehension task, where sentences belonged to one of four conditions: literal action, non-idiomatic metaphoric action, idiomatic action, and abstract. The same verbs (referring to hand/arm actions) were used in the three action-related conditions. Patients, but not controls, were slower to respond to literal and idiomatic action than to abstract sentences. These results indicate that sensory-motor systems play a functional role in semantic processing, including processing of figurative action language.
(Silenced) Transgression in Eudora Welty's The Optimist's Daughter

The Optimist's Daughter is typically analyzed through the themes of memory and vision. The central focus is placed on Laurel Hand's realization that one's memories are the best way to stay connected to the past without being oppressed by it. Such readings typically dismiss Laurel's stepmother, Fay McKelva, as "poor white trash" and a person incapable of understanding this revelation because she is too focused on her own future; thus, Fay is treated as Laurel's foil. This essay problematizes this approach by making Fay a source for investigating issues of gender, class, and whiteness, to explore the metanarrative operating in Welty's text. The author finds that other commentaries have neglected the transgressive function Fay plays in the novel; this is a role of which Welty is conscious but also is consciously silencing. Fay rejects the community's hierarchical structure to construct a position that resists the public discourses meant to contain subjects in prescribed social roles. I focus on three areas F...
Simulation and Estimation of Reliability in a Wind Farm Considering the Wake Effect

In this paper, wake effect is explicitly incorporated in the reliability evaluation of a wind farm. Energy loss resulting from this effect is included in calculating the reliability indices. Three models for wake effect are discussed and the Jensen model is used in this research. In this model, wind shade, shear effect, and wind direction are also reflected. After incorporating the wake effect, the Monte Carlo technique is used to compute reliability indices. Wind farm model and correlation between load and wind speed are considered. The proposed methodology is applied to a wind farm using wind speed data from the National Renewal Energy Laboratory and load from IEEE Reliability Test Systems. The simulation results show that the proposed techniques are effective and efficient in practical applications.
Climate and high-yielding variety wheat yield

Abstract Objective statistical methods were used to determine the overall climatic sensitivity of wheat yields in Sonora, Mexico and the Southern United States Great Plains. The major differences between the two cultures can ultimately be ascribed to ‘genetic’ factors. The research was conducted to determine if the high-yielding variety (HYV) package is more sensitive to climatic fluctuation than the more traditional U.S. regime. Improved design Thompson-type models were developed for both areas, and were accepted as valid after tests on independent data. Both models had an rms error of 7% of the mid-1970s yields, when run on data withheld from the original specification. After validification, a series of sub-models were constructed that use successively less of the 1970s and 1960s data. Doing this corresponds to a removal of more and more HYV years from the Sonora model, while a similar period of increase (though non-HYV) is modeled in the U.S.A. The magnitudes of the regression coefficients of the most important climatic determinants of yield were then examined for significant changes. Yield sensitivities were found to increase approximately 300% in the Sonora model, while the results for the U. S. A. are more equivocal. The nature of the two agricultural packages suggest that the differences are ultimately ‘genetically’ related, and stem from changes in cultural practice related to the dwarfing gene. Because of physical limitations on the Sonora irrigation system, it is unlikely there will be an environmental remedy for this problem in the near future. The results suggest that it would be judicious to promote an increased wheat reserve policy, particularly as population climbs in countries adopting the HYV package. However, no formula for doing this while maintaining an adequate price structure is supplied here.
Mining Historical Documents for Near-Duplicate Figures

The increasing interest in archiving all of humankind's cultural artifacts has resulted in the digitization of millions of books, and soon a significant fraction of the world's books will be online. Most of the data in historical manuscripts is text, but there is also a significant fraction devoted to images. This fact has driven much of the recent increase in interest in query-by-content systems for images. While querying/indexing systems can undoubtedly be useful, we believe that the historical manuscript domain is finally ripe for true unsupervised discovery of patterns and regularities. To this end, we introduce an efficient and scalable system which can detect approximately repeated occurrences of shape patterns both within and between historical texts. We show that this ability to find repeated shapes allows automatic annotation of manuscripts, and allows users to trace the evolution of ideas. We demonstrate our ideas on datasets of scientific and cultural manuscripts dating back to the fourteenth century.
External Debt Management in Low-Income Countries

Improving debt management capacity in Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) is a key element of the international community's strategy for ensuring a robust and sustained exit from unsustainable debt burdens. External debt management is a multi-facetted task involving the formulation of a transparent strategy for managing the level of debt, and establishing an appropriate institutional framework that supports effective implementation. This paper brings together the essential elements of effective debt management practices to guide for those assessing debt management capacity and advising on its improvement in low-income countries.
Spectral restoration from low signal-to-noise, distorted NMR signals: Application to hyphenated capillary electrophoresis-NMR

Abstract In capillary electrophoresis separations coupled to NMR signal detection using small solenoidal coils, electrophoretic currents cause substantial distortion in the NMR spectral linewidths and peak heights, distortions which cannot be fully counteracted through shimming. The NMR spectra also have a low signal-to-noise ratio due to the small amounts of material, typically
Dexamethasone (DEX) Use is Associated with an Increased Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Neonates with Birthweight (BW) <1001 Gm

Dexamethasone (DEX) Use is Associated with an Increased Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Neonates with Birthweight (BW) <1001 Gm
Hemangioma of the thyroid gland in an adolescent with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and adenomatous hyperplasia

We report a case of benign hemangioma of the thyroid gland which involved one lobe of the thyroid gland in an adolescent female with classic chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and adenomatous hyperplasia. The lesion produced a clinical picture suspicious for malignancy owing to the presence of a very large cold nodule on scan, lack of response to TSH suppression, and the subsequent development of an enlarged cervical lymph node. The histologic and immunohistologic findings, including positive staining for factor VIII-related antigen,Ulex europaeous lectin, CD31, CD34, and the presence of linear staining for type IV collagen and laminin are consistent with a hemangioma. In our review of the literature, only one other report of a hemangioma of the thyroid gland was found.
The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution

At its heart, Malick Ghachem's The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution is a book about France's 1685 slave code, the Code Noir, in Saint-Domingue. Ghachem has no illusions that Saint-Domingue's m...
Reliability and validity of a scale to measure change in persons with compulsive buying

A new scale to measure severity and change in persons with compulsive buying is described. Data were gathered during an open-label study in which compulsive buyers were treated with fluvoxamine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The instrument showed good-to-excellent interrater reliability and high internal consistency. Its 10 separate items showed at least moderate correlations with the total score. The instrument was also sensitive to clinical change and correlated highly with other measures of illness severity. We conclude that this new instrument is both reliable and valid in measuring severity and change in persons with compulsive buying.
Dilation condensates and loop effects in open and closed bosonic strings

Abstract Consistent string propagation in general backgrounds requires conformal invariance. At the tree level, this requires Gell- Mann-Low β functions for the geometric couplings to vanish. We study the higher loop/hole effects on string amplitudes in a background spacetime in the context of oriented open and closed bosonic strings. We show that leading divergences can be made to cancel up to O( g 0 ) (i.e., up to genus one) in string perturbations by a Fischler-Susskind-type mechanism. The consistent background depends on the gauge group chosen. This may lead to finite type-I superstring theories with gauge groups other than SO(32)
Effects of physiological purines on the development of the chick embryo

Abstract The commonly occurring purine bases, ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides were injected into the yolk sac of the 4-day-old chick embryo to determine their toxicity and teratogenic activity. The deoxyribonucleosides were most toxic, with dGuR, dAdR and dHxR having estimated LD 50 's of 2, 4 and 4 to 8 μmoles/egg, respectively. The deoxyribosyi derivatives caused marked disturbances in development of the 4-day embryo, with stunting of growth, edema, facial defects, absent bones and shortened extremities. dGuR was most active in producing weight inhibition and severe developmental disturbances; these effects were seen at 1 μmole/egg for dGuR, in contrast to 16 μmoles/egg for dHxR, and at an excess of 8 μmoles/egg for dAdR.
Energy-delay based provisioning for large datacenters: an energy-efficient and cost optimal approach

It is challenging to determine the optimum number of servers required to provision for large online applications because of the conflicting mandates of (a) achieving peak performance needs and (b) minimizing unused datacenter power and capacity. Since Online Services application loads are unpredictable, datacenter operators often conservatively provision for maximum power utilization by characterizing workloads for peak load performance. In contrast, we aim to optimize the service capacity per total cost of ownership (TCO) of an Online Service datacenter deployment by characterizing the energy-delay properties of large scale datacenter workloads. We show that the peak load performance is not the energy efficient point of operation for most applications. We choose two industry-strength workloads (Internet Search and D-Process) and analyze their energy-delay behavior under varying loads. We then calculate the optimal operating point for the specific large-scale application and provision datacenter energy and capacity based on the energy-delay curves. In contrast to workload-based peak power provisioning, we show a 7% benefit in Service Capacity-per-TCO-dollar for the energy-delay characterization methodology in our cost analysis for Online Services Applications.
Applicability, limitations and downstream impact of echocardiography utilization based on the appropriateness use criteria for transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography

To evaluate impact of echocardiography on patient management based on published transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC). A prospective analysis of 170 consecutive outpatients who underwent TTE over a period of 2 months. Echo studies were classified into appropriate (A), inappropriate (I), or uncertain (U) based on the 2007/2011 AUC. A fourth group of studies which were not addressed by the 2007 AUC and therefore have unclassifiable category (UC) were also included in the analysis. The impact of AUC categorized echo results on patient management were evaluated by review of patient records in the ensuing 2 months. Based on 2007 AUC, 77% (131/170) were A, 9% were I, and 14% were UC category. Echo studies classified as A were more likely to be associated with new and major findings, (P = 0.034) and (P = 0.028) respectively when compared to all other studies. Furthermore, patient care intervention as defined in the study protocol was significantly associated with A studies as opposed to I and UC studies (P = 0.004). A studies were also more likely to have an impact on patient management when compared to other studies (P = 0.022). When studies were re-evaluated based on the 2011 AUC, all prior UC studies were now included in the U group in the new AUC of 2011, and there was no change in A or I study classification. This study demonstrates that the 2007/2011 AUC are helpful in evaluating practice patterns in a majority of outpatients undergoing TTE. Implementing AUC have a direct clinical impact as A studies are significantly more likely to reveal new and major findings, and more likely to result in a patient care intervention based on the echo findings.
A study of the conformations of valinomycin in solution phase

Vibrational absorption and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of valinomycin are measured, in different solvents, in the ester and amide carbonyl stretching regions. The influence of cations, namely Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and Cs(+), in methanol-d(4) solvent is also investigated. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory and 6-31G* basis set are used to predict the absorption and VCD spectra. A bracelet-type structure for valinomycin that reproduces the experimental absorption and VCD spectra in inert solvents is identified. For the structure of valinomycin in polar solvents, a propeller-type structure was optimized, but further investigations are required to confirm this structure. A symmetric octahedral environment for the ester carbonyl groups in the valinomycin-K(+) complex is supported by the experimental VCD spectra. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that even for large macrocyclic peptides, such as valinomycin, VCD can be used as an independent structural tool for the study of conformations in solution.
Membrane Responses to Norepinephrine in Cultured Brown Fat Cells

We used the "perforated-patch" technique (Horn, R., and A. Marty, 1988. Journal of General Physiology. 92:145-159) to examine the effects of adrenergic agonists on the membrane potentials and membrane currents in isolated cultured brown fat cells from neonatal rats. In contrast to our previous results using traditional whole-cell patch clamp, 1-23-d cultured brown fat cells clamped with the perforated patch consistently showed vigorous membrane responses to both alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, suggesting that cytoplasmic components essential for the thermogenic response are lost in whole-cell experiments. The membrane responses to adrenergic stimulation varied from cell to cell but were consistent for a given cell. Responses to bath-applied norepinephrine in voltage-clamped cells had three possible components: (a) a fast transient inward current, (b) a slower outward current carried by K+ that often oscillated in amplitude, and (c) a sustained inward current largely by Na+. The fast inward and outward currents were activated by alpha-adrenergic agonists while the slow inward current was mediated by beta-adrenergic agonists. Oscillating outward currents were the most frequently seen response to norepinephrine stimulation. Activation of this current, termed IK,NE, was independent of voltage and seemed to be carried by Ca2(+)-activated K channels since the current oscillated in amplitude at constant membrane potential and gradually decreased when the cells were bathed with calcium-free external solution. IK,NE had a novel pharmacology in that it could be blocked by 4-aminopyridine, tetraethylammonium, apamin, and charybdotoxin. Both IK,NE and the voltage-gated K channels also present in brown fat (Lucero, M. T., and P. A. Pappone, 1989a. Journal of General Physiology. 93:451-472) may play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the face of the high metabolic activity involved in thermogenesis.
Nail gun injury to the maxillofacial region: Report of a case

Nail guns are high-powered industrial tools commonly found on most construction sites. These handheld devices use an explosive charge to fire nails into wood, concrete, or metal. Injuries from nail guns were first reported in the literature in 1959.’ Most injuries involve the extremities, especially the nondominant hand2; however, wounds to the chest, head, and neck have also been documented.‘-5 Although most injuries are accidental, several suicide attempts using nail guns have been reported.637 Surgical removal of the nail can be very involved if skin or clothing is carried into the wound or if the nail has a barb that has engaged important structures.’ In this article, a nail gun injury is reported in which a nail entered the cranium through the maxillary vestibule and was subsequently removed through an intraoral approach.
Pediatric Cardiovascular Critical Care in the United States: Nursing and Organizational Characteristics

BACKGROUND Nursing and organizational characteristics influence patients' outcomes. Little is known about nursing structure and process supports in the intensive care units of children's hospitals. Objectives To describe and understand nursing and organizational characteristics of cardiovascular care in children's hospitals. METHODS Descriptive analyses were used to identify and describe nursing and unit characteristics of 43 children's hospitals. An electronic survey instrument was designed to elicit data from nurse leaders. RESULTS Nursing and unit parameters varied significantly. Most registered nurses (70%) had baccalaureate degrees and worked full time. Every intensive care unit had nurses with specialty certification. A total of 51% of nurses had 5 or fewer years of clinical experience. Indirect resources also varied. Unit secretaries were employed by 98% of units, and 100% had a nurse manager and/or a director plus an attending physician. A total of 77% of the units had advanced practice nurses. Processes of care included checklists in 100% of the units, standardized communication in 95%, quality metrics in 91%, and nurse-developed algorithms in 44%. Among the units, 56% had Magnet recognition, and 3 were recipients of a Beacon Award. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular intensive care varies widely across children's hospitals. Opportunities exist for support and retention of an intergenerational nursing workforce. These findings may serve as a contemporary benchmarking source and foundation to standardize models of care, support, and resource utilization in pediatric intensive care units.
Spatial uncertainty assessment in modelling reference evapotranspiration at regional scale.

Abstract. Evapotranspiration is one of the major components of the water balance and has been identified as a key factor in hydrological modelling. For this reason, several methods have been developed to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). In modelling reference evapotranspiration it is inevitable that both model and data input will present some uncertainty. Whatever model is used, the errors in the input will propagate towards the output of the calculated ET0. Neglecting the information about estimation uncertainty, however, may lead to improper decision-making and water resources management. One geostatistical approach to spatial analysis is stochastic simulation, which draws alternative and equally probable, realizations of a regionalized variable. Differences between the realizations provide a measure of spatial uncertainty and allows to carry out an error propagation analysis. The aim of this paper is to assess spatial uncertainty of a monthly reference evapotranspiration model resulting from the uncertainties in the input attributes (mainly temperature) at a regional scale. A case study was presented for the Calabria region (southern Italy). Temperature data were jointly simulated by a conditional turning bands simulation with elevation as external drift and 500 realizations were generated. Among the evapotranspiration models, the Hargreaves-Samani model was used. The ET0 was then estimated for each set of the 500 realizations of the input variables, and the ensemble of the model outputs was used to infer the reference evapotranspiration probability distribution function. This approach allowed for the delineation of the areas characterised by greater uncertainty, to improve supplementary sampling strategies and ET0 value predictions.
Variations in size and in symmetry of foramina of the human skull.

The goal of this report is to define an average size and size range for many of the skull's foramina and to determine in which paired foramina asymmetry is commonly found so that researchers and clinicians examining foramina may have an anatomical reference. The incidence of foraminal variations is also discussed. Information on skull foraminal size and symmetry is increasingly important because of the advancements in radiologic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These methods are making difficult diagnoses of pathologic conditions of skull foramina possible. The foramina of 100 randomly selected dry skulls were measured and the symmetry of paired foramina was noted. The average, largest, and smallest sizes for 29 different foramina and the length of one canal are listed. Information regarding the symmetry of 27 paired foramina and the length symmetry of the infraorbital canal was also gathered. Specific data collected for paired foramina include the percent of skulls in which (1) neither foramen of the pair was present, (2) both foramina of a pair were present, (3) both foramina of the pair are present and were both the same size within 0.5 mm, and (4) both foramina of a pair are present but there was greater than 0.5 mm difference in size between them.
CD40 AND THE EFFECT OF ANTI-CD40-BINDING ON HUMAN MULTIPLE MYELOMA CLONOGENICITY

CD40 is a 48 kDa glycosylated phospoprotein that is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. CD40 was originally identified in B lymphocytes, and is found on monocytes, dendritic cells, some carcinoma cell lines, and the thymic epithelium. CD40 is expressed on normal pre-B through mature B stages of differentiation. For normal B cells, the cross-linking of CD40 induces cell cycle progression, long-term proliferation in vitro, IgE secretion, increased adhesion molecule (LFA-1) expression, and low level IL-6 secretion. The natural ligand of CD40 (CD40L, gp39, or T-BAM, for T-B cell activating molecule) was recently identified as an inducible molecule expressed transitionally on activated T cells. Although originally believed to be absent in normal and malignant plasma cells, CD40 has been demonstrated on the majority of myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells from plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) patient specimens tested. CD40 activation modulated myeloma cell proliferation and clonogenic...
Oral administration of leucine stimulates ribosomal protein mRNA translation but not global rates of protein synthesis in the liver of rats

The objective of the current study was to examine the role of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine in the regulation of hepatic protein synthesis and ribosomal protein (rp) mRNA translation in vivo. Food-deprived (18 h) male rats (200 g) were orally administered saline (control) or 270 mg leucine, isoleucine or valine and killed 1 h later. Administration of any BCAA resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) compared with controls. However, leucine was the most effective at stimulating phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 as well as the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1). Despite these effects on components of the translation initiation process, there were no differences in total protein synthesis rates among treatment groups. The distribution of rp (S4, S8, L26) and non-rp (albumin, beta-actin) mRNAs across sucrose density gradients showed that the preponderance of hepatic rp mRNAs in control rats was unloaded from polysomes. Of the BCAA, only leucine was the most effective in causing a shift in the distribution of rp mRNA to polysomes compared with controls. Non-rp transcripts remained mainly polysome-associated under all conditions. These results suggest that leucine is most effective among the BCAA in its ability to stimulate translation of rp mRNA in liver. Furthermore, the translation of rp mRNA is disjointed from rates of total protein synthesis in liver and related to the degree of S6K1 phosphorylation.
Quantization of false-vacuum bubbles: A Hamiltonian treatment of gravitational tunneling.

We develop the quantization of spherically symmetric gravitational systems using the Dirac formalism and the WKB approximation. The particular application is the nucleation of false-vacuum bubbles, which may have been the origin of the inflationary universe and matter. Consistency between our results and those obtained by the Euclidean method requires that the latter include metrics with degeneracies. Our work also raises several other questions of principle, including the meaning of the wave function and the necessity of topology change. A tentative application of this work to quantum cosmology indicates that the "Hartle-Hawking wave function" is inconsistent.
The Maize High-lysine Mutant opaque7 is Defective in an acyl-CoA Synthetase-like Protein

Maize (Zea mays) has a large class of seed mutants with opaque or nonvitreous endosperms that could improve the nutritional quality of our food supply. The phenotype of some of them appears to be linked to the improper formation of protein bodies (PBs) where zein storage proteins are deposited. Although a number of genes affecting endosperm vitreousness have been isolated, it has been difficult to clone opaque7 (o7), mainly because of its low penetrance in many genetic backgrounds. The o7-reference (o7-ref) mutant arose spontaneously in a W22 inbred, but is poorly expressed in other lines. We report here the isolation of o7 with a combination of map-based cloning and transposon tagging. We first identified an o7 candidate gene by map-based cloning. The putative o7-ref allele has a 12-bp in-frame deletion of codons 350–353 in a 528-codon-long acyl-CoA synthetase-like gene (ACS). We then confirmed this candidate gene by generating another mutant allele from a transposon-tagging experiment using the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) system in a W22 background. The second allele, isolated from ∼1 million gametes, presented a 2-kb Ds insertion that resembles the single Ds component of double-Ds, McClintock’s original Dissociation element, at codon 496 of the ACS gene. PBs exhibited striking membrane invaginations in the o7-ref allele and a severe number reduction in the Ds-insertion mutant, respectively. We propose a model in which the ACS enzyme plays a key role in membrane biogenesis, by taking part in protein acylation, and that altered PBs render the seed nonvitreous.
Secure communication in a distributed system using identity based encryption

Distributed systems require the ability to communicate securely with other computers in the network. To accomplish this, most systems use key management schemes that require prior knowledge of public keys associated with critical nodes. In large, dynamic, anonymous systems, this key sharing method is not viable. Scribe is a method for efficient key management inside a distributed system that uses identity based encryption (IBE). Public resources in a network are addressable by unique identifiers. Using this identifier as a public key, other entities are able to securely access that resource. We evaluate key distribution schemes inside Scribe and provide recommendations for practical implementation to allow for secure, efficient, authenticated communication inside a distributed system.
Region of interest reconstruction from truncated data in circular cone-beam CT

The circular scanning trajectory is one of the most widely adopted data-acquisition configurations in computed tomography (CT). The Feldkamp, Davis, Kress (FDK) algorithm and its various modifications have been developed for reconstructing approximately three-dimensional images from circular cone-beam data. When data contain transverse truncations, however, these algorithms may reconstruct images with significant truncation artifacts. It is of practical significance to develop algorithms that can reconstruct region-of-interest (ROI) images from truncated circular cone-beam data that are free of truncation artifacts and that have an accuracy comparable to that obtained from nontruncated cone-beam data. In this work, we have investigated and developed a backprojection-filtration (BPF)-based algorithm for ROI-image reconstruction from circular cone-beam data containing transverse truncations. Furthermore, we have developed a weighted BPF algorithm to exploit "redundant" information in data for improving image quality. In an effort to validate and evaluate the proposed BPF algorithms for circular cone-beam CT, we have performed numerical studies by using both computer-simulation data and experimental data acquired with a radiotherapy cone-beam CT system. Quantitative results in these studies demonstrate that the proposed BPF algorithms for circular cone-beam CT can reconstruct ROI images free of truncation artifacts
Central Transantarctic Mountains

We now return to the Brown Hills of southern Victoria Land (Section 3.3) and get ready to move south across the Byrd Glacier into the central sector of the Transantarctic Mountains which extends from the Byrd Glacier to the Shackleton Glacier for a distance of about 600 km. This part of the Transantarctic Mountains is traversed by several large outlet glaciers that flow from the East Antarctic ice sheet to the Ross Ice Shelf. The names of the principal outlet glaciers in Fig.5.1 from north to south are: Byrd, Nimrod, Lennox-King, Beardmore, and Shackleton. The mountain ranges through which these glaciers flow include the Churchill Mountains and the Holyoake Range between the Byrd and Nimrod glaciers, the Geologist and Miller ranges at the head of the Nimrod Glacier, the Queen Elizabeth and the Holland ranges between the Nimrod and Lennox-King glaciers, the Queen Alexandra Range between the Lennox-King and Beardmore glaciers, and several smaller mountain ranges between the Beardmore and the Shackleton glaciers (e.g., the Commonwealth and Separation ranges, the Hughes and Sullivan ranges, and the Bush Mountains).
Some Linguistic Features of Speech from Aphasic Patients

The free speech of each of twelve adult aphasic patients was examined with reference particularly to (1) the distribution of words according to grammatical function, (2) sequential dependencies in form-class usage, and (3) stereotypy in vocabulary. The majority of the aphasic records departed considerably from normal usage (as defined by analysis of twelve control records), with similarity among some patients in the pattern of divergence. The measures used appear to be of particular value in revealing (i) semantic difficulties in word selection and (ii) difficulties in the sequencing of speech that occur along with syntactic losses.
James Moses. Trends in Rare Books and Documents Special Collections Management. 2013 Edition. New York: Primary Research Group, 2013. 64p. $75 (ISBN 978-1-57440-226-1).

Trends in Rare Books and Documents Special Collections Management, 2013 edition by James Moses surveys seven special collection institutions on their current efforts to expand, secure, promote, and digitize their holdings. The contents of each profile are generated by transcribed interviews, which are summarized and presented as a case study chapter. Seven special collections are discussed, including the Boston Public Library; AbeBooks; the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Washington University of St. Louis; the Archives and Rare Books Library, University of Cincinnati; the Rare Books and Manuscript Library at The Ohio State University; and the Manuscript, Archives, and Rare . . .
Toward a Cross-level Theory of the Pay Variation and Performance Relationship

As indicated by numerous published studies, pay variation (e.g., pay range, pay dispersion) has serious implications for organizational performance. Despite this, a review of this research exposes ...
Abstract 5473: Integrative approach towards the functionality of CIAO1 gene

Previous genome-wide analysis of copy number aberrations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and oral epithelial dysplasia, a pre-malignant lesion, by array CGH has revealed that the genomes of these cancers and pre-cancers frequently harbor narrow (∼3Mb) regions of amplification on chromosome 2q11 region. Overexpression of CIAO1, a putative cytosolic iron-sulfur protein within this region, has been observed in patients’ cancerous samples and oral SCC lines. Knockdown of CIAO1 protein by RNAi results in growth retardation in oral SCC lines. Therefore, three HaCaT cell clones with an inducible Tet-on CIAO1 gene have been established to unravel the nature of the CIAO1 signaling network. Through the triangulation of protein-protein interactions, quantitative PCR array and transcription factor reporter array, we have investigated the early effects of CIAO1 overexpression in immortalized HaCaT cells, which may add to the understanding of oral cancer tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5473. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5473
Abstract ADV19: A mayo clinic cancer center spore-wide approach to advocacy.

The Mayo Clinica Inter-SPORE Advocates Group is to help all of the patient advocates at mayo become more educated and qualified. Our mission statement is: Support and improve each disease-specific SPORE advocace group through sharing ideas, information and experiences. The goals of the Mayo Clinic Inter-SPORE Advocates Group are: - promote a collaborative relationship among the disease specific SPORE advocate groups in support of SPORE research, education and activities - explore opportunities for collaboration on activities - support a collaborative relationship across the SPOREs to further the translational research goals of each SPORE - promote communications, education, and awareness among researchers, advcoates and patients - participate in development of research proposals and informed consent for SPORE projects and clinical studies The Mayo Clinic Inter-SPORE Advocates Group meets quarterly to share ideas information and experiences in its pursuit of a collaboratie relationship among the disease-specific SPORE advocate groups. Conference call-in is provided for those who cannot attend in person. The Group will continually assiss its efforts and look for opportunities to add value to the SPORE advocate groups. Citation Format: Mark Rieder. A mayo clinic cancer center spore-wide approach to advocacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV19. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV19
Combined Therapy with Amphotericin B and 5-Fluorocytosine for Candida Meningitis

The course and outcome of combined treatment with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were analyzed in 17 patients with candida meningitis. Eleven patients were twelve months of age or younger; seven of these were neonates. All but two patients had underlying conditions or therapy that could predispose them to systemic candidiasis. The median duration of concurrent dual therapy was 26 days; in ten cases, therapy with either drug alone was continued longer. Fifteen patients improved; 14 were cured of their infection. Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid became sterile a median of seven days after the start of therapy. Primary resistance to 5-fluorocytosine was found in four of the Candida isolates, and acquired resistance, in one. Serious adverse drug reactions were uncommon. The two patients who died had received intrathecal rather than systemic amphotericin B. One of eight infants who survived had psychomotor retardation; three of eleven infants developed hydrocephalus. Although experience with candida meningitis is limited, the combination of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine is effective and offers potential advantages over amphotericin B alone.