cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isoxazole compound ML327 blocks MYC expression and tumor formation in neuroblastoma.

// Eric J. Rellinger 1, 6 , Chandrasekhar Padmanabhan 1 , Jingbo Qiao 1, 6 , Brian T. Craig 1, 6 , Hanbing An 1 , Jing Zhu 1 , Hernan Correa 2 , Alex G. Waterson 3 , Craig W. Lindsley 3 , R. Daniel Beauchamp 1, 4, 5 and Dai H. Chung 1, 4, 6 1 Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA 2 Department of Pathology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA 3 Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA 4 Department of Cancer Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA 5 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA 6 Department of Pediatric Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA Correspondence to: Dai H. Chung, email: dai.chung@vanderbilt.edu R. Daniel Beauchamp, email: daniel.beauchamp@vanderbilt.edu Keywords: ML327, neuroblastoma, MYCN, neural crest, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Received: April 13, 2017 Accepted: July 03, 2017 Published: July 20, 2017 ABSTRACT Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children and arise from the embryonic neural crest. MYCN -amplification is a feature of ~30% of neuroblastoma tumors and portends a poor prognosis. Neural crest precursors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain migratory potential and populate the sympathoadrenal axis. Neuroblastomas are posited to arise due to a blockade of neural crest differentiation. We have recently reported effects of a novel MET inducing compound ML327 ( N -(3-(2-hydroxynicotinamido) propyl)-5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxamide) in colon cancer cells. Herein, we hypothesized that forced epithelial differentiation using ML327 would promote neuroblastoma differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that ML327 in neuroblastoma cells induces a gene signature consistent with both epithelial and neuronal differentiation features with adaptation of an elongated phenotype. These features accompany induction of cell death and G1 cell cycle arrest with blockage of anchorage-independent growth and neurosphere formation. Furthermore, pretreatment with ML327 results in persistent defects in proliferative potential and tumor-initiating capacity, validating the pro-differentiating effects of our compound. Intriguingly, we have identified destabilization of MYC signaling as an early and consistent feature of ML327 treatment that is observed in both MYCN -amplified and MYCN -single copy neuroblastoma cell lines. Moreover, ML327 blocked MYCN mRNA levels and tumor progression in established MYCN -amplified xenografts. As such, ML327 may have potential efficacy, alone or in conjunction with existing therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma. Future identification of the specific intracellular target of ML327 may inform future drug discovery efforts and enhance our understanding of MYC regulation.
Characteristics of the front-line child welfare workforce

Abstract In this study, we provide new national- and state-level estimates of workload and workforce instability among child welfare agencies using previously unavailable data that includes unique identifiers for US child welfare caseworkers in 46 states and supervisors in 43 states. We identify and describe 139,921 unique caseworkers and 31,124 unique supervisors who were in the child welfare workforce between 2003 and 2015. The median caseworker handles 55 cases annually and is on the job for about 1.8 years. The median state has an annual front-line caseworker turnover rate of between 14 and 22% annually, and a supervisor turnover rate of about 20% annually.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among a Representative Sample of US Adolescents, 2015.

Objectives. To provide prevalence estimates of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) based on large, representative, nonclinical samples of high-school students, and to explore gender differenc...
Ordering the elements: properties and periodicity

The most general definition of beauty, therefore, is—that I may fulfil my threat of plaguing my readers with hard words—Multeity in Unity.
Perinatal depression among a global sample of Spanish-speaking women: A sequential-process latent growth-curve analysis.

Abstract Background Despite high rates of perinatal depression among women from diverse backgrounds, the understanding of the trajectory of depressive symptoms is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the trajectories of depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum among an international sample of pregnant women. Methods Hispanic/Latina (79.2%), Spanish-speaking (81%) pregnant women (N = 1796; Mean age = 28.32, SD = 5.51) representing 78 unique countries/territories participated in this study. A sequential-process latent growth-curve model was estimated to examine general trajectories of depression as well as risk and protective factors that may impact depression levels throughout both the prenatal and postpartum periods. Results Overall, depression levels decreased significantly across the entire perinatal period, but this decrease slowed over time within both the prenatal and postpartum periods. Spanish-speaking women, those who were partnered, and those with no history of depression reported lower levels of depression during early pregnancy, but this buffer effect reduced over time. Depression levels at delivery best predicted postpartum depression trajectories (i.e., women with higher levels of depression at delivery were at greater risk for depression postpartum). Limitations Given the emphasis on language and not country or culture of origin this study was limited in its ability to examine the impact of specific cultural norms and expectations on perinatal depression. Conclusions Given these findings, it is imperative that providers pay attention to, and assess for, depressive symptoms and identified buffers for depression, especially when working with women from diverse communities.
The Coevolution of Computer-Mediated Communication and Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis

Susan Herring, the originator of the computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) paradigm, describes efforts to extend CMDA over time in order to address changes in computer-mediated communication (CMC), such as nontextual communication and the trend toward convergence of multiple modes of CMC in a single platform. Following a review of three broad stages of technological evolution that shaped CMC from 1985 to 2017 and the themes favored by CMDA researchers at each stage, Herring proposes a reconceptualization of CMC itself as inherently multimodal. This reconceptualization includes communication mediated by graphical phenomena such as emoji and avatars in virtual worlds, as well as by certain kinds of robots. She argues that the principles at the core of the CMDA paradigm apply equally to interaction in these nontextual modes.
Abstract P335: Effect of Aerobic Walking Exercise on Cardiovascular Health in Non-Ambulatory Stroke Survivors, a Pilot Study

Background: Most of rehabilitation interventions in stroke rehabilitation are designed with a focus on improving the impaired sensorimotor function. However, around 75% of stroke survivors are pron...
A global analysis of cities’ geosocial temporal signatures for points of interest hours of operation

The temporal nature of humans interaction with Points of Interest (POIs) in cities can differ depending on place type and regional location. Times when many people are likely to visit restaurants (...
Constraining Primordial Black Hole Abundance with the Galactic 511 keV Line.

Models in which dark matter consists entirely of primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses around $1{0}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$ are currently unconstrained. However, if PBHs are a component of the Galactic dark matter density, they will inject a large flux of energetic particles into the Galaxy as they radiate. Positrons produced by these black holes will subsequently propagate throughout the Galaxy and annihilate, contributing to the Galactic 511 keV line. Using measurements of this line by the INTEGRAL satellite as a constraint on PBH positron injection, we place new limits on PBH abundance in the mass range $1{0}^{16}--1{0}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$, ruling out models in which these PBHs constitute the entirety of dark matter.
Complexity assessment using SysML models

Abstract System complexity is often associated with multiple issues such as schedule and cost overruns, poor performance or even program failure. With engineered systems becoming ever more complex it is of great interest to be able to assess the complexity of a system easily and during the design process. Since Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is becoming a widely used tool in systems development, a method to assess complexity using a SysML model and the information that is typically depicted in a model is developed. The complexity estimation in SysML was done by adapting the complexity metric developed by Sinha and Suh for a Design Structure Matrix (DSM).
High Spectral Resolution Graphene-based Multiplex Surface-enhanced CARS for Bio-sensing

A surface-enhanced CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy) system is constructed through a graphene-Au nanostructure hybrid platform, which provides a surface enhancement and a bio-compatible surface. Single molecule level sensitivity with high spectral resolution is achieved.
Incentives for Peace

Why are some peace agreements successful while others fail? In this paper I study under what conditions there exist successful peace contracts that guarantee peace as the unique equilibrium of an ongoing civil conflict. I develop a model where a government and a rebel group simultaneously decide whether they want to fight or not to gain control over some territory. If they fight they choose their military capacity that jointly determines the territory they control. If they don't fight their military capacity and territory control is determined by an exogenous peace contract. I show that if the agents only care about the fraction of territory they control, there are no peace contracts that make peace the unique equilibrium of the conflict game. In contrast successful peace contracts are possible when: i) agents sufficiently care about consumption, ii) the benefits of peace are large enough in comparison to the rents of war, and iii) the peace contract implies a partial disarmament of the player with the least territory control during war, although total disarmament is not always possible.
Historicizing the Left: A Review of Michał Siermiński "Dekada Przełomu: polska lewica opozycyjna 1968-1980", Warszawa: Książka i Prasa 2016 [Historyzowanie lewicy. Recenzja książki Michała Siermińskiego "Dekada przełomu. Polska lewica opozycyjna 1968–1980", Warszawa: Książka i Prasa 2016]

Historicizing the Left: A Review of Michal Sierminski "Dekada Przelomu: polska lewica opozycyjna 1968-1980", Warszawa: Ksiązka i Prasa 2016 This review of Michal Sierminski Dekada przelomu: Polska lewica opozycyjna 1968–1980 [Transformative Decade: The Polish Oppositionist Left 1968–1980] critiques the author’s focus on ideas by offering a class-based understanding of the changes in Polish oppositionist politics, makes a case for the leftism of the “Civil Society” program of the 1970s, and argues that the old oppositionists’ discussions of the Church and “nation” were not violations of leftism but a way to frame the left so as to make it more acceptable to more people. The left faces very different tasks and problems now than it did in the 1970s or 1980s, which explains why Sierminski could write such a left-wing critique today. Yet while his book is extremely valuable, and the present left does certainly need a new program, it could still use some of the self-governing ideas of the 1970s in its current struggle against neoliberalism. Historyzowanie lewicy. Recenzja ksiązki Michala Sierminskiego Dekada przelomu. Polska lewica opozycyjna 1968–1980 , Warszawa: Ksiązka i Prasa 2016 Niniejsza recenzja ksiązki Michala Sierminskiego Dekada przelomu: Polska lewica opozycyjna 1968–1980 poddaje krytyce nacisk polozony przez autora na idee, dowodząc, ze zmiany w poglądach politycznych polskiej opozycji nalezy postrzegac w perspektywie klasowej, projekt „spoleczenstwa obywatelskiego” z lat siedemdziesiątych byl w swojej istocie lewicowy, a dyskusje na temat Kościola i „narodu” nie oznaczaly zerwania z lewicowością, tylko ujecie jej w ramy bardziej akceptowalne dla wiekszości. Przed lewicą stoją dziś zupelnie inne zadania i problemy niz w latach siedemdziesiątych czy osiemdziesiątych XX wieku, co tlumaczy, dlaczego Sierminski mogl obecnie napisac tego rodzaju lewicową krytyke i dlaczego krytyka ta jest tak wartościowa. Jednakze choc wspolczesnej lewicy z pewnością potrzebny jest nowy program, moze ona wykorzystac pewne idee z lat siedemdziesiątych w walce z neoliberalizmem.
SECTION 4-4 – λgt10

Publisher Summary λgt10 is a 43-kb linear double-stranded DNA λ bacteriophage-derived cloning vehicle that is useful for cloning small EcoRI fragments such as cDNA inserts that have EcoRI linkers ligated to their ends. The insertion of DNA into the unique EcoRI site of λgtl0 inactivates the cI gene, generating a cI- bacteriophage. Nonrecombinant λgtl0 is cI+ and forms a cloudy plaque on an appropriate E. coli host such as c600. Recombinant cI- phage forms clear plaques that are readily discernible from cloudy plaques. In an E. coli strain carrying the hflA150 mutation, only cI- bacteriophage forms plaques, because the cI+ nonrecombinant phage efficiently forms stable lysogens and will not be visible like plaques. Therefore, a strong selection exists against plaque formation by noninsert-bearing bacteriophages in c600 hflA using the λgt10 system.
Hydrothermal Assisted Transient Jet Fusion of Ceramics: A Test Case Using Bentonite Clay

Abstract This paper presents a new additive manufacturing process of ceramics, named hydrothermal-assisted transient jet fusion, pairing heat and pressure in attempts to create a highly dense green part. The process utilizes water as a transient binder to fuse particles eliminating the possible contamination caused by traditional organic binders. Inkjet printing was employed to selectively deposit water into a powder bed. Bentonite clay powder was used as a model material for the study, due to its excellent solubility in water. An analysis of the effects of pressure and heat on powder fusion was completed using the compression strength as a quantitative measure. A processing map was created to provide a preliminary understanding of the relationship between the combination of heat and pressure and selective fusion of powder. Test cases were printed to show the capabilities of the developed process. A prediction of the parts compressive strength was done based on previous data collected. Results proved that an increase in temperature culminates a higher compression strength. Results also showed that an increase in pressure contributes to a postponed evaporation of water in the part; once the evaporation has taken place, a denser part has a more dramatic increase in compressive strength.
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on wetting state and corrosion of superhydrophobic coatings

The influence of hydrostatic pressure on the wetting and corrosion behavior of a commercially available superhydrophobic coating was studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to probe the interface between the substrate and coating, the coating and air layer, and the air layer and electrolyte. It was shown that EIS could effectively be used to study how hydrostatic pressure affects the interface between the coating and electrolyte. Hydrostatic pressure was induced in the system using a modified experimental setup and it was shown that EIS could be used to study the wetting state transition. It was observed that the presence of an air layer at the coating and electrolyte interface is what affects the coating performance and the application of hydrostatic pressure deteriorates the protective properties of the coating. Electrical equivalent circuits were applied to determine the contributions of the air layer to the overall corrosion performance of the system. A phenomenological model has also been presented that represents the mechanism that occurs at the coating and electrolyte interface as the wetting state transition occurs.
Topology Optimized Aluminum Heat Sinks for Steady-State and Transient Operation

This study reports the use of numerical topology optimization schemes to design heat sinks for steady-state and transient operation. Using COMSOL 5.6, a circular heat sink design space is considered to model temperature as a function of design fill factor. An initial parameterization of Helmholtz filter (minimum feature size) from 125 to 2000µm and penalization factor from 2 to 7, shows that smaller feature size improves performance. Using a moderate selective laser melting tolerance of 250µm, we perform solid-isotropic-material-with-penalization (SIMP) simulations to show the impact of heat transfer coefficient (from 5 to 100 Wm-2K-1) on fill factor. Intuitively, higher heat transfer coefficient requires less aluminum fin material for a given design point. The transient results are less intuitive and represent a unique progression from a preference for larger quantities of material near the heat source with sparse or nonexistent fins to designs that converge to steady state solutions at large times. It is found that the transient approach is preferred over steady state, particularly for low time steps, where significant weight savings can be realized. These results demonstrate the benefits of transient topology optimization approaches using COMSOL 5.6 and set the stage for future numerical transient mitigation approaches.
Essential Clinical Features

Two distinct clinical entities are associated with dengue virus infections of man. These are (A) “classical” or primary dengue fever, (B) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) (with or without shock) or secondary dengue. Usage of the terms “primary” and “secondary” denotes that the clinical outcome of an infection may be critically influenced by the patient’s previous experience with dengue virus. A large body of epidemiological evidence, reinforced by laboratory data, does indeed suggest that DHF and the dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are characteristic complications of secondary exposure under specialized conditions affecting mainly children in heavily endemic regions.
Premenstrual mood changes. Characteristic patterns in women with and without premenstrual syndrome

Methodologic errors have compromised previous attempts to establish the relationship between mood and menstruation in women with the premenstrual syndromes. These syndromes cannot be diagnosed by history and require confirmation with longitudinal, prospective ratings. In this paper we present the characteristic pattern of mood changes in women with and without menstrually-related mood syndrome. The theoretical and diagnostic implications of the pattern differences are discussed.
Image quality evaluation for radiation dose optimization in CR by shape and wavelet analyses

It is one of the primary responsibilities of any department of diagnostic radiology to minimize the amount of unnecessary radiation administered to patients during diagnostic procedure. In this paper, we present three effective ways of quantifying the information content of computed radiography (CR) images for radiation dose optimization through shape and wavelet analyses. The experimental results demonstrate that the shape and wavelet analyses can be efficiently used to determine an optimum radiation dosage in computed radiography.
Duncan Kennedy on Affirmative Action

Affirmative action-more bluntly, reverse discrimination-is a vast and variegated subject. I do not think it is possible to discuss it in a lump even if one is confining one's attention not only to the education market but, within that market, to law schools. For one thing, it is importantalthough Professor Kennedy is sure to differ with me on this point-to distinguish between public and private institutions. Wholly apart from the different constitutional status of state action and private action, we should be more wary--on pragmatic grounds, duly regardful of history-about allowing or encouraging public institutions to engage in racial discrimination, however well intentioned. I shall therefore confine my remarks to affirmative action by private law schools. It is also important to decide which racial, ethnic, or other groups shall be entitled to favorable treatment. Here things quickly get sticky and it is understandable that Professor Kennedy should largely duck the issue. Are Asians an oppressed group in the United States today? Are they worse off for lacking sizable representation on the faculties of American law schools? Are Japaneseand Chinese-Americans in particular, whose incomes and education compare so favorably with those of white Americans,2 really entitled to a leg up in law school hiring? If so, what
Design for minimum energy in interstellar communication

Abstract Microwave digital communication at interstellar distances is the foundation of extraterrestrial civilization (SETI and METI) communication of information-bearing signals. Large distances demand large transmitted power and/or large antennas, while the propagation is transparent over a wide bandwidth. Recognizing a fundamental tradeoff, reduced energy delivered to the receiver at the expense of wide bandwidth (the opposite of terrestrial objectives) is advantageous. Wide bandwidth also results in simpler design and implementation, allowing circumvention of dispersion and scattering arising in the interstellar medium and motion effects and obviating any related processing. The minimum energy delivered to the receiver per bit of information is determined by cosmic microwave background alone. By mapping a single bit onto a carrier burst, the Morse code invented for the telegraph in 1836 comes closer to this minimum energy than approaches used in modern terrestrial radio. Rather than the terrestrial approach of adding phases and amplitudes increases information capacity while minimizing bandwidth, adding multiple time–frequency locations for carrier bursts increases capacity while minimizing energy per information bit. The resulting location code is simple and yet can approach the minimum energy as bandwidth is expanded. It is consistent with easy discovery, since carrier bursts are energetic and straightforward modifications to post-detection pattern recognition can identify burst patterns. Time and frequency coherence constraints leading to simple signal discovery are addressed, and observations of the interstellar medium by transmitter and receiver constrain the burst parameters and limit the search scope.
Economic behavior within organizations: Definitions and determinants of employees' discretion over an organization's resources and production

The discretion that employees hold over an organization's productive activity and the incentives that they face determine the ways resources are allocated within an organization. This chapter examines the nature and range of employees' discretion by considering the influence delegated to them over the applications of inputs and choices of outputs within the organization's production functions. We first examine these production functions and define an employee's “production domain.” Considered next are the relative costs to an employee and other interested parties of information about his production domain and the concepts of externally and internally designed production domains. Finally, we explore the conditions under which production domains are externally and internally designed. An organization's production functions, its production domains, and its employees' discretion over resource substitutions In order to analyze the motivation for delegating discretion to employees over an organization's resource allocation, it is necessary first to consider the nature of the production functions that an organization encompasses. We can then specify an employee's discretion in terms of his influence over possible resource substitutions within these production functions. Production functions Organizations usually produce many intermediate and final outputs. The rate of production of each of these outputs can typically be achieved in different ways, that is, with alternative rates of application of the various inputs which can contribute to each output. A production function expresses the set of known technologically feasible ways of transforming inputs into one or more outputs.
A mouse homeo box gene, Hox-1.5, and the morphological locus, Hd, map to within 1 cM on chromosome 6

Mo-10, a homeo box-containing sequence in the Hox-1 complex of genes referred to as Hox-1.5, was found to be polymorphic in inbred and wild mice, and a strain distribution of three allelic forms of Hox-1.5 are reported. The position of Hox-1.5 was mapped in backcross experiments to within 1 cM of the hypodactyly locus on chromosome 6. This identifies the Hd mutation as a useful model for the examination of homeo box expression during mammalian development.
Serum Glutamic—Oxaloacetic Transaminase: Evaluation of a Coupled-Reaction Enzyme Assay by Means of Kinetic Theory

Rate equations and rate parameters are determined for the coupled-reaction assay for serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in which malic dehydrogenase is used. These are used to interpret observed curves of absorbance vs. time, to select optimum substrate concentrations, and to estimate nonrandom analytical errors. A simple, systematic, general approach is presented, which can readily be applied to other enzyme assays in which two or more reactions are coupled. It depends for its simplicity on access to an adequate computing facility.
"Things were different then": countertransference issues for younger female therapists working with older female clients.

Older, pre-feminist women have different expectations about marital fulfillment and their role in society than younger women who have grown up with feminist ideals. These differences can emerge within the clinical encounter between a younger female therapist working with an older female client, especially as the latter reviews her life and marital history. This paper discusses the countertransference reactions cross-generational disparities engender in the younger female clinician. The author posits that these need to be examined and addressed in order to build a therapeutic alliance and temper empathic failure on the part of the therapist. The literature on countertransference reactions with the elderly and the role of the life review process is reviewed. The impact of the women's movement and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
[CTP]: A new structural family of near-zero expansion ceramics

Abstract In this paper we report the discovery of a new structural family for use in ultra-low ‘α’ ceramics. The prototype composition is Ca 0.5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 abbreviated [CTP] after which the structural family is named. The importance of this family in contrast to the eucryptite-spodumene family is the enormous range of substitutions which are possible, permitting one to control ‘α’ continuously over a wide range of temperature. Different compositions exhibit near zero thermal expansion in different temperature ranges.
Compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention antenatal culture protocol for preventing group B streptococcal neonatal sepsis

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to measure the compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention antenatal culture protocol for preventing group B streptococcal sepsis after extensive education of physicians and staff. STUDY DESIGN: After 2 months of educational activities to familiarize attending physicians, nurses, and laboratory staff with the guidelines, a retrospective chart review of all vaginal deliveries over a 6-month period were analyzed for protocol compliance and failures either of culturing or antibiotic use. RESULTS: Overall, there was a 20% prevalence rate of group B streptococci found at ≥35 weeks' gestation. The enhanced broth preincubation did not significantly increase this rate. Compliance with the protocol was 80% for appropriately timed cultures and 84% for use of antibiotics; 0.7% received unindicated antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The area of greatest compliance failure was neglecting to treat women with antepartum risk factors that did not require antepartum cultures: previously affected neonates with group B streptococcal sepsis, antepartum group B streptococcal bacteriuria, and preterm labor and delivery. Twenty-one percent (14/66) of women having these antepartum risk factors were not treated. Protocol failure resulting in no cultures being done occurred in 9% of the women studied (87/956). Further education and quality assurance activities can lower these numbers. There were no cases of group B streptococcal sepsis during the 6 months of this study. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:77-9.)
Passive hip flexion does not increase during or following ultrasound treatment of the hamstrings musculature

The stretching window is a theoretical concept that refers to the period of maximum tissue temperature increase during and immediately following ultrasound treatment. This study was conducted to determine if an optimal time period exists for combining ultrasonic heat and stretching to obtain maximum joint range of motion; essentially, evaluate the existence of a stretching window. A 1 x 5 factorial design was used. The independent variable was time with 5 levels (5 min into treatment or 1½, 3½, 6, or 10 min following treatment). The dependent variable was maximum passive hip flexion range of motion (PHROM). Fifty healthy graduate and undergraduate students (27 males, 23 females) aged 24.1 y ±3.4 (s.d.), height 174.1 cm ± 16.2 (s.d.), and mass 74.1 kg ± 16.6 (s.d.) participated in the study. All subjects were free from significant lower extremity injury and had less than 90° PHROM. A range of motion pre‐test was measured for each subject. Each subject then had a range of motion post‐test taken 5 min into a...
Normal equine gastroduodenal secretion and motility.

Summary This article represents an attempt to provide an overview of the current knowledge of equine gastroduodenal secretory and motor activity, with respect to howe these functions are controlled and interact First, the equine gastric mucosal anatomy is discussed in comparison with other monogastric species, with some attention directed at the large nonglandular portion in relation to its function, or lack thereof. Next, control of gastric acid secretion, as assessed by the collection of gastric contents from a cannula or continuous measurement of their changes in pH, is reviewed, pointing out that there appears to be a relatively unobstructed movement of contents between stomach and duodenum in the horse, which can have a strong influence on pH of the gastric contents in particular. Then, methods of evaluating gastroduodenal motility, including recording of myoelectrical activity and changes in intraluminal pressure, and transit of radiolabelled contents from stomach into duodenum, are discussed. Finally, the apparent influence of the gastroduodenal migrating motility complex (MMC) on the composition of fasting gastric contents is introduced to underscore the observation that reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach is probably a common occurrence in the horse, particularly during periods of MMC-related cessation of antral motility.
The resource‐based view of the firm: Ten years after

The article reflects on the diffusion of the ‘resource-based view of the firm’ into academic and practitioner thought. The contributions of many people are noted. In closing, I offer some speculations about the future use of these ideas.
The Evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods for Design of Muzzle Blast Suppressors for Firearms

Suppression of muzzle blast is important in both large and small caliber gun designs. Key goals in the case of small caliber systems are the reduction in the incidence of hearing loss due to the acoustic signal and signature reduction for military applications. Various devices have been used to reduce the muzzle blast, and the design of these devices has relied heavily on experimental investigation. The current study evaluates the utility of computational models in the design of suppressors for small caliber guns. Experimental measurements are made for a representative suppressor design and simulations are performed to determine the level of model sophistication needed to correctly predict the effects of the device. The current simulations correctly capture both the levels and characteristics of the acoustic signal generated by the bare muzzle and suppressor configurations. These findings support the use of computational models in the suppressor design process.
Pressure-Jump Studies in Supercritical Mixtures

Pressure jump experiments have been performed to study the relaxation of isobutyric acid and water mixtures to equilibrium states in the one-phase region near a critical point. Small-angle light-scattering measurements have been used to monitor the aproach to equilibrium. The observed time dependence of the scattered intensity is in good agreement with a model proposed by Binder.
Exclusion of the Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, from some potential breeding ponds in Pennsylvania: Effects of pH, temperature, and metals on embryonic development

A field survey revealed that Al, SO4, H+, and Zn were significantly higher in 40 ponds lacking successful breeding of the Jefferson salamander, A. jeffersonianum, whereas alkalinity, Cu, DOC, K, Mg, Na, and NO3 were significantly higher in 10 ponds that supported successful breeding. In a second smaller set of ponds used for transplant studies, Al, conductivity, H+, and SiO2 were significantly higher in five ponds lacking reproduction of A. jeffersonianum; alkalinity, Ca, and K were significantly higher in three ponds with successful reproduction. Survival and hatching success were significantly greater for egg masses transplanted into ponds supporting viable Jefferson salamander populations than into those that did not. Survival and hatching success were greater at 15°C than at 10°C. Low pH slowed developmental rate, consequently increasing the time until hatching. Low pH decreased hatching success of the embryos at 10 and 15°C. Copper was acutely toxic to embryos at pH 4.50 (96 h LC50=315 μg/L); chronic exposure levels in the field were much lower (approximately 0.01 times). Since successful ponds actually contained more Cu than unsuccessful ones, Cu does not appear to be toxic in the field. Aluminum ameliorated the acute 96 h toxicity of pH 4.50; at [Al]'s between 250 and 500 μg/L mortality at pH 4.50 was greatly reduced. This effect of Al occurred at concentrations comparable to those found in the field. Lead and zinc, at concentrations up to 2,000 μg/L, had no apparent effects on the developing embryos of A. jeffersonianum. Aluminum, Pb, and Zn did not afect developmental rate, as did low pH and Cu. Based on these findings, low pH and its interaction with Al are likely to be major factors responsible for the success or failure of the Jefferson salamander in breeding ponds in Pennsylvania. Further investigation is needed into interations among pH, metals, dissolved organics, and non-toxic cations to further clarify the mechanisms of toxicity of the complex mixture of which pond water consists.
An update on the scalability limits of the Condor batch system

Condor is being used extensively in the HEP environment. It is the batch system of choice for many compute farms, including several WLCG Tier Is, Tier 2s and Tier 3s. It is also the building block of one of the Grid pilot infrastructures, namely glideinWMS. As with any software, Condor does not scale indefinitely with the number of users and/or the number of resources being handled. In this paper we are presenting the current observed scalability limits of both the latest production and the latest development release of Condor, and compare them with the limits reported in previous publications. A description of what changes were introduced to remove the previous scalability limits are also presented.
Developmental toxicity study of Aquacoat ECD ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion administered orally to rats.

Abstract A developmental rat toxicity study of Aquacoat® ECD was performed as part of a program to evaluate the safety of the product. Groups of 25 presumed-pregnant Charles River Sprague–Dawley CD rats received doses of 0, 903, 2709 and 4515 mg/kg/day (dry weight basis) of Aquacoat ECD administered undiluted once daily via oral gavage on days 6–15 of gestation. All surviving dams underwent caesarean sectioning on day 20 of gestation. Foetuses were weighed, sacrificed and subject to external, visceral and skeletal evaluations. No test material-related maternal deaths occurred; one high-dose female died on day 14 due to gavage error. The only treatment-related clinical sign noted among dams receiving 2709 mg/kg/day and greater was pale faeces which was attributed to the presence of the test material in the faeces. No statistically significant differences were noted among the measured maternal parameters. Foetal sex ratios and body weights were similar in all groups. The results of external and visceral foetal evaluations revealed no treatment-related alterations. The only statistically significant findings noted during the skeletal evaluation were increased litter incidences of incompletely ossified or wavy ribs noted among foetuses receiving 4515 mg/kg/day, and a significant increase in the litter incidence of thickened ribs at doses of 2709 and 4515 mg/kg/day. Given the nature of these findings and the lack of effects on any other parameter measured in this study, they were not considered adverse effects of treatment. Under the conditions of this study, the maternal and foetal no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is in excess of 4515 mg/mg/day.
U.S. tourist spending and the dollar gap

One problem following World War II was the large foreign currency deficits that most of the countries of the world incurred during the war years. The beginning of the peace offered as many financial problems as the winning of the war, and each of the many countries faced with deficits in their international balance of payments turned to a variety of export industries in the hope of reducing these deficits.
Unique continuation for solutions to Maxwell's system with non-analytic anisotropic coefficients

We consider Maxwell's system with anisotropic coefficients, i.e., the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability are assumed to be matrices with non-analytic entries. Under the additional assumption that one matrix is a scalar multiple of the other we prove unique continuation of the system across non-characteristic surfaces. The proof relies on differential geometry as well as on Carleman estimates.
Simple primal-dual auctions are not possible

de Vries et al. [3] show that if valuation function of each buyer satisfies gross substitutes condition, then we can design primal-dual auctions that implement the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) outcome. But they require prices in these auctions to be non-linear and non-anonymous. In this note, we show that such a requirement is necessary. This means, if valuation function of each buyer satisfies gross substitutes, then there does not exist a primal-dual auction which will always converge to the VCG outcome if prices in the auction are (i) linear and non-anonymous, OR (ii) non-linear and anonymous.
Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A 15-year-o1d girl was admitted to the New England Medical Center Hospital (NEMCH) for investigation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Four years earlier, an eosinophilic granuloma was discovered in the left mandible and was treated with excision and irradiation (1000 rads). Two years earlier she developed polyuria, and a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was made at another hospital. She was treated with synthetic lysine vasopressin nasal spray (Diapid) several times a day and noted some symptomatic improvement. Eighteen months before admission, her menstrual periods, which had been normal for the previous 14 months, ceased and she complained of cold intolerance, constipation, and weight gain. She claimed to have grown 0.5 in. over the year prior to admission. She had occasional mild headaches when she did not take her medication but noted no visual disturbances. Family history was unrevealing. Her mother was 61 in. tall.
On the rationality postulates underlying the theory of cooperative games

The purpose of this paper is to re-state and re-examine the rationality postulates underlying the theory of cooperative games. It is also proposed to discuss T.C. Schelling’s recent criticism of some game-theoretical postulates, in particular the symmetry postulate [15, 16].
Metabolism of sulfated mucopolysaccharide in cultured fibroblasts from cystic fibrosis patients

Cysts have been classified as parasitic, epithelial, endothelial, and pseudocysts. The review by Van de Water and Fonkalsrud 1 tabulates 6 cases of pseudocyst, one hamartoma, and one lymphogenous cyst, occurring in infants. The pathogenesis of pseudocyst is unclear, but resolution of hematoma or abscess may be operative in the ultimate development of this entity. The 20-day-old girl reported by Van de Water and Fonkalsrud ~ had a clinical course and lesion similar to our patient. Escherichia coli was cultured from the lesion which was probably a liquefied pyogenic abscess, rather than a pseudocyst. Perinephric abscesses are generally extensions of intrarenal inflammatory lesions and distinguished from adrenal abscess by separation from the adrenal gland by fascial planes. The adrenal abscess described in this case must be added to the list of abnormal masses in the lateral portion of the abdomen in infants.
Crystal structures of the glutamate receptor ion channel GluK3 and GluK5 amino-terminal domains.

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. The selective assembly of iGluRs into the AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptor subtypes is regulated by their extracellular amino terminal domains (ATD). Kainate receptors are further classified into low-affinity (GluK1-3) and high-affinity (GluK4-5) receptor families based on their affinity for the neurotoxin kainic acid. These two families share 42% sequence identity for the intact receptor but only 28% sequence identity at the level of ATD. We have determined for the first time high-resolution crystal structures for the GluK3 and GluK5 ATDs, both of which crystallize as dimers, but with a strikingly different dimer assembly at the R1 interface. By contrast, for both GluK3 and GluK5 the R2 domain dimer assembly is similar to that reported previously for other non-NMDA iGluRs. This observation is consistent with the reports that GluK4-5 cannot form functional homomeric ion channels and require obligate coassembly with GluK1-3. Our analysis also reveals that the relative orientation of domains R1 and R2 in individual non-NMDA receptor ATDs varies by up to 10°, in contrast to the 50° difference reported for the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit. This restricted domain movement in non-NMDA receptor ATDs seems to result from both extensive intramolecular contacts between domains R1 and R2, and from their assembly as dimers which interact at both the R1 and R2 domains. Our results provide the first insights into the structure and function for GluK4-5, the least understood family of iGluRs.
Staff Perceptions of Variables Affecting Performance in Human Service Organizations

This article summarizes results of a study of programs providing workforce and educational development services for high-risk youth. A model of management functioning and program performance is used as a structure for program staff to rate the relative importance of selected inputs (clients, staff, resources, etc.) and throughputs (management and service delivery processes, framed here as management and program capacity) as they affect results. Factors seen to be most important in affecting performance included adequate funding for the program, leaders having a positive attitude, staff being motivated and committed, a facilitative organizational structure, and a budgeting process which ensures effective resource allocation. Because performance measurement is seen as multidimensional and socially constructed, findings also include respondents’ opinions on the most relevant measures of performance. These results can provide insights and guidance to researchers and agency managers regarding studying and impr...
Relationship between bond angle disorder and the optical edge of aGe:H

Abstract We report changes in optical absorption and Raman spectra of a-Ge:H when H content is increased from 0 to 16 atomic %. Increasing H content increases the optical gap by 0.4eV, sharpens the absorption tail by a factor of two and decreases bond angle fluctuations by 2 0 . We conclude that H can affect the optical edge by decreasing network disorder.
Interaction of heat transfer by conduction and radiation in a nongray planar medium

This paper considers the problem of the steady energy transfer due to combined effects of conduction and radiation in a medium with frequency dependent properties. The particular problem studied is the one-dimensional energy transfer in an absorbing, emitting, and conducting medium capable of generating heat which is bounded by two black plates. The analysis is restricted to an absorption coefficient xv of theMilne-Eddington type, i.e., xv(T)=αv β(T), and the frequency dependence of α(v) is approximated by a rectangular model. Temperature distribution and heat fluxes are reported in the paper for two models of spectral absorption coefficient and are compared with those for the gray case.
Photolytic effects in alumina chlorination

The temperature dependence of the rate of chlorination of α-alumina with CO/Cl2 gas mixtures exhibits an anomaly, a departure from the normal Arrhenius behavior, in the range 650 to 850°C; it is manifested as a local maximum in the Arrhenius plot at 670°C followed by a local minimum in the range 770 to 850°C. By carefully studying the effect of irradiation of the CO/Cl2 gas mixtures on the rate of chlorination of α-alumina, it is shown that such an anomaly, which has been observed in the chlorination of various metallic oxides, is most likely due to the photochemical formation of phosgene (COCl2) by ambient light incident on the reactant gas mixture during its transport to the main reactor. Phosgene is a better chlorinating agent than a CO/Cl2 mixture. The mechanism of chlorination of α-Al2O3 by CO/Cl2 mixtures subjected to the light emitted by a high-pressure Hg-vapor lamp is elucidated.