cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential energy function and parameters for simulations of the molecular dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids in solution

We present the complete set of energy parameters used in the ENCAD (Energy Calculation and Dynamics) simulation program [J. Mol. Biol. 168 (1983) 595]. Full details are given of the form of the potential, which has been designed for efficient simulation of trajectories of macromolecules in solution. Emphasis is placed on energy conservation and the nonbonded truncation schemes needed to achieve it. Simulations of macromolecules in solution with ENCAD are both very stable in that the native structure is preserved at room temperature and efficient in that nanosecond simulations take a few weeks on an ordinary workstation.
BATSE spectroscopy detector calibration

We describe the channel-to-energy calibration of the Spectroscopy Detectors of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). These detectors consist of NaI(Tl) crystals viewed by photomultiplier tubes whose output in turn is measured by a pulse height analyzer. The calibration of these detectors has been complicated by frequent gain changes and by nonlinearities specific to the BATSE detectors. Nonlinearities in the light output from the NaI crystal and in the pulse height analyzer are shifted relative to each other by changes in the gain of the photomultiplier tube. We present the analytical model which is the basis of our calibration methodology, and outline how the empirical coefficients in this approach were determined. We also describe the complications peculiar to the Spectroscopy Detectors, and how our understanding of the detectors' operation led us to a solution to these problems.
The Nature and Significance of Transborder Cooperation in the Mexico-U.S. Borderlands: Some Empirical Evidence

The Mexico-United States border region is a meeting place, a transition zone between two great civilizations. Numerous studies have highlighted the many interdependencies that exist between the Mexican and U.S. borderlands. Some critics have emphasized the "threat" that inexpensive Mexican labor represents to workers on the U.S. side. Others, emphasizing the economic disparities between the Mexican and U.S. sides, have argued that asymmetric interdependence has in fact placed the Mexican side in an unfavorable state of dependency. The dependency issue also arises in terms of cultural relations. In particular, much has been made of the inroads that U.S.-influenced values, expressions, and models of consumption have made among the people of the frontera norte . In view of the differences in living standards between the United States and Mexico, as well as the history of U.S. interference in Mexico's internal affairs, it can easily be understood why dependency is an important issue in Mexico. Nevertheless, the eminent Mexican scholar, Victor Urquidi (1979:27) has forcefully argued that "The only area where there is perhaps a balanced mutual dependence is along the 2,000 miles of the fairly open U.S.-Mexico border. A way of life has developed there that benefits inhabitants and businesses on both sides of the border."
Limb use and complex ultrasonic vocalization in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: Deficit-targeted training

Recent evidence in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests that exercise and other forms of motor enhancement can be beneficial when applied during the degeneration of dopamine neurons. Behaviours that depend on adequate levels of striatal dopamine may provide particularly favourable targets for therapeutic motor interventions. Task-specific motor enrichment procedures have been used to improve functional and neural outcomes following unilateral infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nigrostriatal pathway in rats. In contrast, forced non-use procedures can exaggerate the degree of degeneration. Limb-use akinesia and ultrasonic vocalization in the 50-kHz range may be useful behavioural indices of nigrostriatal integrity and may model common deficits found in PD. These deficits in movement initiation and fine sensorimotor control are potential targets for early training interventions.
Effects of temperature and host developmental stage on Ascosphaera torchioi Youssef and McManus prevalence in Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

On ne connait rien sur la facon dont Ascosphaera torchioi penetre dans les cellules d'Osmia lignaria propinqua ni sur les facteurs qui controlent la frequence du couvain plâtre dans les populations naturelles. Nous apportons des renseignements sur la frequence d'Ascosphaera a 3 temperatures d'incubation apres inoculation des œufs et des larves du 5 e stade. Les œufs et les larves ont ete traites avec des spores en suspension dans de l'eau distillee aux doses respectives de 1 million, 500000 et 100000 spores pour 40 μl, 25μl et 5μl de suspension. L'inoculum a ete applique a la surface des provisions de nourriture sous l'extremite anterieure de l'œuf ou de la larve
International interest rates and inflationary expectations

Abstract Fama's hypothesis that short term interest rates are efficient predictors of inflation has been criticized on the grounds that his test depends critically on the constancy of the short term expected real rate of interest. This paper uses an international framework where the time invariance assumption of the real rate is replaced by the assumption that short term expected real rates are identical, at a point in time, across countries with well developed capital markets. Results support Fama's contention that short term nominal rates of interest reflect inflationary expectations.
The effect of feedback on luminance thresholds for peripherally presented stimuli

The effect of a central task on peripheral vision was determined by obtaining absolute luminance thresholds for peripherally presented stimuli. A competing central task was provided by interrupting the fixation light and requiring the S to reilluminate it. Data were obtained over five sessions, with feedback information provided on each trial. Thresholds were highest for the initial session and declined as a function of practice. The magnitude of the change depended upon the interruption rate. When central and peripheral stimuli compete for attention, priority is given initially to the central task, but, with practice, the differences are reduced.
Type α and type β transforming growth factors as regulators of cancer cellular growth: a mathematical model

Growth factors are defined as polypeptides that stimulate cell proliferation, and are major growth-regulatory molecules for cells in vitro and in vivo. Many types of cells in cancer cell cultures produce and release growth factors into their intercellular space, and these same cells respond to their own growth factors-autocrine secretion. Among the peptide growth factors that function via an autocrine mechanism in cancer cells are the so called Transforming Growth Factors type @a and type @b ([email protected] and [email protected]). The present study proposes a diffusion model which incorporates the effects of the autocrine response of these factors on the growth rate of a multicellular spheroid. The TGF productions are taken to be uniform in the region of the viable proliferating cells of the tumor, and the spherically symmetric time-independent diffusion equations for the concentrations of [email protected] and [email protected] are solved. The growth rate of the culture is determined in terms of a parameter @l which is introduced to describe the effects of the bifunctional behavior of [email protected] on cell proliferation.
Underuse and overuse of diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease in patients presenting with new-onset chest pain ∗

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the extent of overuse and underuse of diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease and whether the socioeconomic status, health insurance, gender, and race/ethnicity of a patient influences the use of diagnostic tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We identified patients who presented with new-onset chest pain not due to myocardial infarction at one of five Los Angeles–area hospital emergency departments between October 1994 and April 1996. Explicit criteria for diagnostic testing were developed using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles, expert panel method. They were applied to data collected by medical record review and patient questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 356 patients, 181 met necessity criteria for diagnostic cardiac testing. Of these, 40 (22%) failed to receive necessary tests. Only 7 (3%) of the 215 patients who received some form of cardiac testing had tests that were judged to be inappropriate. Underuse was significantly more common in patients with only a high school education (30% vs 15% for those with some college, P = 0.02) and those without health insurance (34% vs 15% of insured patients, P = 0.01). In a multivariate logistic regression model, only the lack of a post–high school education was a significant predictor of underuse (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 4.4). CONCLUSION: Among patients with new-onset chest pain, underuse of diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease was much more common than overuse. Underuse was primarily associated with lower levels of patient education.
Comparison of surgical plume among laparoscopic ultrasonic dissectors using a real-time digital quantitative technology

Background This study aimed to analyze the effect of surgical plume generation from various ultrasonic dissectors on laparoscopic visibility, including the first cordless ultrasonic dissector, using a novel real-time digital quantification technique.
From guardians to democrats? Attempts to explain change and continuity in the civil-military relations of post-authoritarian Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines

Abstract This article explores the role the military has played in the democratization processes of three ‘young democracies’ (Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines) in Southeast Asia. The issue of democratization vis-a-vis the armed forces is even more relevant for Southeast Asia as a region with historically powerful militaries and long traditions of political interventions and rampant human rights abuses. While Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines have historically struggled with deep entrenchments of the military – not only in the political arena, but also within the bureaucracy and the economy – their respective militaries played very different roles within democratization processes. The Indonesian military remained politically neutral after the fall of Suharto, the Philippines witnessed various failed coup attempts by mid-ranking officers, while the Thai military played a key role in the termination of democracy through a coup in 2006. The dominant literature on democratization tries to explain th...
Median mononeuropathy among active workers : Are there differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers?

The objective was to determine whether symptomatic workers with an abnormal sensory nerve conduction study consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome differed, in terms of electrophysiologic measures, psychosocial, demographic, anthropometric, or ergonomic variables, from workers with an asymptomatic median mononeuropathy. This was a cross-sectional study of active workers at six different work sites. Cases were defined as workers with electrodiagnostic findings of a median mononeuropathy in either hand, based on a 0.5-msec prolongation of the median sensory evoked peak latency compared to the ulnar latency. This group was stratified on the basis of symptoms of numbness, tingling, burning or pain in the hand. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic, anthropomorphic, psychosocial. electrophysiologic, and ergonomic risk factors. Active workers from six different sites were tested; five sites involved manufacturing workers, and one site represented clerical workers. One hundred eighty-four active workers with a median mononeuropathy were documented on nerve conduction studies. These workers represented a subset of more than 700 workers screened at six different locations. The main outcome measure was the patient’s report of symptoms of pain, numbness, tingling or burning in the hand or fingers that lasted more than 1 week or occurred three or more times at the initial screening. Workers with a median mononeuropathy who complained of hand symptoms were more likely to be female, to have jobs with higher hand repetition levels, to have higher ratings of job security, not to have a history of diabetes, to use more force in their job with more abnormal postures of their wrist and fingers, and to have a trend toward a more prolonged median sensory distal latency. Most logistic regression models explained less than 15% of the variance (pseudo R 2 ). Women with jobs that have higher ergonomic risks and no history of diabetes were more likely to have reported symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome compared to other workers with a documented median mononeuropathy. Psychosocial variables were not particularly discriminatory. None of the models allows enough precision to predict on an individual basis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33:374‐378, 1998. r 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
7 Inside and Outside: Residential Burial at Formative Period Chalcatzingo, Mexico

At Chalcatzingo, Mexico, an early regional center, the common location for burials was under house floors, but some high-status burials occurred in more open spaces. These latter were also residential burials, interred within the landed domain of social units. Although both “inside” and “outside” burials drew on claims of ancestral continuity, it is important to explore the differences they entailed. Investigating how repeated mortuary practices at Chalcatzingo evoked referential networks—endowing those practices with intelligibility and enabling identity formation over time—can broaden understandings of residential burial practices and bridge various classificatory separations imposed by archaeologists, including those between public and private mortuary spaces. [mortuary practices, citation, social houses, complex society, Mesoamerica]
Sequential vs. parallel protein-folding mechanisms: experimental tests for complex folding reactions

The recent emphasis on rough energy landscapes for protein folding reactions by theoreticians, and the many observations of complex folding kinetics by experimentalists provide a rationale for a brief literature survey of various empirical approaches for validating the underlying mechanisms. The determination of the folding mechanism is a key step in defining the energy surface on which the folding reactions occurs and in interpreting the effects of amino acid replacements on this reaction. Case studies that illustrate methods for differentiating between sequential and parallel channel folding mechanisms are presented. The ultimate goal of such efforts is to understand how the one-dimensional information contained in the amino acid sequence is rapidly and efficiently translated into three-dimensional structure.
Radiation from cylindrical leaky waves

Formulas are derived for the far-infrared radiation pattern of cylindrical leaky waves propagating on a planar surface. The formulas can be used to predict the radiation pattern of a general class of leaky-wave antennas, consisting of a finite-size source which excites a radially propagating leaky wave on some planar surface. Leaky-wave antennas consisting of antenna elements embedded in dielectric layers (microstrip elements) fall into this category. Using the equivalence principle, formulas are derived for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) leaky waves with arbitrary propagation constants. The formulas allow for radiation from cylindrical apertures of arbitrary size, so that the effect of truncating the supporting planar surface with an absorbing material can be determined. Particular attention is devoted to the case of a leaky wave for which the real and imaginary parts of the complex propagation constant are equal, since this type of wave has been shown to be responsible for broadside radiation in certain leaky-wave antennas comprised of dielectric layers. >
U-Filter: A Lightweight XML View Update Checker

Both XML-relational systems and native XML systems support creating XML wrapper views and querying against them. However, update operations against such virtual XML views in most cases are not supported yet.
Pulsed delivery of subthermocline water to Conch Reef (Florida Keys) by internal tidal bores

Internal tidal bores generated by breaking internal waves cause dramatic, high-frequency variation in temperature, salinity, water velocities, and concentration of chlorophyll a on Conch Reef, Florida Keys. The arrival of bores on the reef slope is linked to a semidiurnal internal tide and is marked by temperature drops of up to 5.4?C and salinity increases of up to 0.60oo in 1-20 min. These changes are accompanied by the sudden onset of upslope flow 1-15 m above the bottom with speeds of 10-30 cm s-'. Cool, high-salinity water is transported from below the thermocline seaward of the reef and is resident on the reef slope for up to 4 h before it mixes with surface waters and recedes downslope. Compared with ambient surface water, this deep water can contain significantly elevated concentrations of dissolved nitrate. Physical variability produced by this mechanism increases significantly with depth on the reef slope. Analysis of 3-yr temperature records indicates the arrival of internal bores is a consistent feature at this site from May through November, with peak activity in July-September. Pulsed delivery of subthermocline water appears to significantly affect the temperature, nutrient, and particle flux regimes on this coral reef.
Breast epithelial cell infiltration in enhanced electrospun silk scaffolds

In the present study, the effects of air-flow impedance electrospinning and air-flow rates on silk-based scaffolds for biological tissues were investigated. First, the properties of scaffolds obtained from 7% and 12% silk concentrations were defined. In addition, cell infiltration and viability of MCF-10A breast epithelial cells cultured onto these scaffolds were used to determine the biological suitability of these nanostructures. Air-flow impedance electrospun scaffolds resulted in an overall larger pore size than scaffolds electrospun on a solid mandrel, with the largest pores in 7% silk electrospun with an air pressure of 100 kPa and in 12% silk electrospun with an air pressure of 400 kPa (13.4 ± 0.67 and 26.03 ± 1.19 µm, respectively). After 14 days in culture, the deepest MCF-10A cell infiltration (36.58 ± 2.28 µm) was observed into 7% silk air-flow impedance electrospun scaffolds subjected to an air pressure of 100 kPa. In those scaffolds MCF-10A cell viability was also highest after 14 days in culture. Together, these results strongly support the use of 7% silk-based scaffolds electrospun with a 100 kPa air-flow as the most suitable microenvironment for MCF-10A infiltration and viability.
A Simulation-Based Correlation of the Density and Thermal Conductivity of Objects Produced by Laser Sintering of Polymer Powders

Numerical simulation of the laser-induced formation of shapes from polymer powders is achieved using an extension of a previously developed model of nonisothermal powder sintering. The extended model mimics the Selective Laser Sintering process which is used to produce a multiple layer part via laser irradiation. Model predictions of the physical features and effective thermophysical properties (porosity and thermal conductivity) of the object demonstrate sensitivity to several thermal processing parameters. Predicted values of the effective thermal conductivity and average porosity of the processed item are reported and correlated.
Diagnostic Classification Systems

It has not been until within the past several decades that significant advances have been made in the development of diagnostic classification systems for childhood psychopathology. Several important factors throughout history seem to have contributed to the failure to develop any such system (see Frame & Matson, 1987; Nathan & Harris, 1983), the most important factor possibly being the relatively insignificant attention paid to the study of psychopathology in general until the late 1800s. Because there was little interest in psychopathology in general, there was no perceived need for diagnosis or classification. Second, it was not truly until the turn of this century that children were viewed as being different from adults. Therfore, little attention was given to issues pertaining to children or their development. A third factor that diverted attention away from childhood psychopathology involved the work of Alfred Binet. He and his associates, using extensive normative and developmental data, developed a test that was very successful in assessing intellectual functioning. The utility and popularity of their test turned attention toward intellectual assessment and away from other psychological problems of children. Finally, a movement of American psychiatrists led by Adolf Meyer in the first half of this century stressed the unimportance of diagnostic labels and classification systems and stated that, instead of assigning meaningless labels, one should focus on each individual’s symptoms and ways of responding to the environment.
Memory consolidation during sleep: a neurophysiological perspective

In the awake brain, information about the external world reaches the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex, whereas during sleep the direction of information flow is reversed: population bursts initiated in the hippocampus invade the neocortex. We suggest that neocortico-hippocampal transfer of information and the modification process in neocortical circuitries by the hippocampal output take place in a temporally discontinuous manner associated with theta/gamma oscillations. On the other hand, transfer of the stored representations to neocortical areas is carried by discrete quanta of cooperative neuronal bursts (called sharp wave bursts) initiated in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep. The spatio-temporal participation of principal cells in sharp waves is determined by experience-induced changes in the CA3 recurrent collateral matrix. The co-operative, converging pre-synaptic activity can induce localized fast spikes and associated calcium influx in the apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells, a necessary condition for the induction of synaptic plasticity. In addition, the subcortical effects of hippocampal sharp wave bursts may be critical in the release of various hormones which, in turn, may affect synaptic plasticity. These observations suggest that sleep patterns in the limbic system are essential for the preservation of experience-induced synaptic modifications.
Characterization of the BCR promoter in Philadelphia chromosome-positive and -negative cell lines.

Abstract The t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome translocation fuses 5' regulatory and coding sequences of the BCR gene to the c-ABL proto-oncogene. This results in the formation of hybrid BCR-ABL mRNAs and proteins. The shift in ABL transcriptional control to the BCR promoter may play a role in cellular transformation mediated by this rearrangement. We have functionally localized the BCR promoter to a region 1 kb 5' of BCR exon 1 coding sequences by using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene assay. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region revealed many consensus binding sequences for transcription factor SP1 as well as two potential CCAAT box binding factor sites and one putative helix-loop-helix transcription factor binding site. No TATA-like or "initiator" element sequences were found. Because of low steady-state levels of BCR mRNA and the high GC content (78%) of the promoter region, definitive mapping of transcription start sites required artificial amplification of BCR promoter-directed transcripts. Overexpression from the BCR promoter in a COS cell system was effective in demonstrating multiple transcription initiation sites. In order to assess the effects of chromosomal translocation on the transcriptional control of the BCR gene, we determined S1 nuclease protection patterns of poly(A)+ RNA from tumor cell lines. No differences were observed in the locations and levels of BCR transcription initiation sites between those lines that harbored the t(9;22) translocation and those that did not. This demonstrates that BCR promoter function remains intact in spite of genomic rearrangement. The BCR promoter is structurally similar to the ABL promoters. Together, this suggests that the structural fusion of BCR-ABL and not its transcriptional deregulation is primarily responsible for the transforming effect of the t(9;22) translocation.
Identity in Written Discourse

This article provides an overview of theoretical and research issues in the study of writer identity in written discourse. First, a historical overview explores how identity has been conceived, studied, and taught, followed by a discussion of how writer identity has been conceptualized. Next, three major orientations toward writer identity show how the focus of analysis has shifted from the individual to the social conventions and how it has been moving toward an equilibrium, in which the negotiation of individual and social perspectives is recognized. The next two sections discuss two of the key developments—identity in academic writing and the assessment of writer identity. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications and future directions for teaching and researching identity in written discourse.
Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments

Abstract This study quantifies the potential impacts on ship-defense high-energy-laser (HEL) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by recent observations and analysis of worldwide sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model, which includes an SST database for the period 1854–1997. A more recent worldwide sea surface temperature database was provided by the Naval Postgraduate School for the period 1990–2008. Mean differences and trends between the two SST databases are used to deduce possible climate change impacts on simulated maritime HEL engagements. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance are assessed at an operating wavelength of 1.0642 μm across the world’s oceans and mapped onto a 1° × 1° grid. The scenario evaluated is near surface and nearly horizontal over a range of 5000 m in which ant...
Uses of Youth Risk Behavior Survey and School Health Profiles Data: Applications for Improving Adolescent and School Health.

BACKGROUND: To monitor priority health risk behaviors and school health policies and practices, respectively, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the School Health Profiles (Profiles). CDC is often asked about the use and application of these survey data to improve adolescent and school health. The purpose of this article is to describe the importance and potential impact of Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and Profiles data based on examples from participating sites. METHODS: The authors spoke with representatives from 25 state and 8 local agencies funded by CDC to learn how data from the YRBS, Profiles, and other data sources are used. The authors identified common themes in the responses and categorized the responses accordingly. RESULTS: Representatives indicated survey data are used to describe risk behaviors and school health policies and practices, inform professional development, plan and monitor programs, support health-related policies and legislation, seek funding, and garner support for future surveys. Examples presented highlight the range of possible uses of survey data.
Prevention of Coccidiosis in the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) by Medication with Sulfadimethoxine and Ormetoprim (Rofenaid

Abstract Rofenaid® (a 5:3 mixture of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim) was effective in preventing coccidiosis of chukar partridges. Levels of .0100 or .0125% sulfadimethoxine, with the corresponding level of ormetoprim in the ration, gave the best results. These levels markedly reduced mortality in severe infections (over 75% mortality in unmedicated chukars) and eliminated mortality in medicated groups when infections produced 52% mortality or less in unmedicated controls. In the latter infections, Rofenaid also protected against the depression in weight gain seen 6 days postinoculation in unmedicated chukars. Studies in uninoculated chukars showed that Rofenaid has a wide safety margin and did not produce adverse effects even at levels of .0300% sulfadimethoxine. Rofenaid should, therefore, be an effective medication for the prevention of coccidiosis in chukars in the field. Data from the present studies are being submitted to the IR-4 Program of the Food and Drug Administration for consideration of approval for the use of Rofenaid in chukar partridges.
Review: Androgenic, Estrogenic, and Combination Implants: Production and Meat Quality in Beef

Literature was reviewed to determine the value of using growth implants in cattle with regard to production parameters and carcass merit. The beef industry's need to balance increased growth traits with acceptable carcass quality is of critical concern when evaluating implant strategies. Anabolic implants affect specific muscles by impacting the action of somatotropin and the rates of muscle accretion and turnover. Muscles showing the greatest response are extensor muscles associated with long bones; muscles showing little response to anabolic implants are believed to be at maximum capacity for growth. Implants may also affect the proliferation rate and (or) activation state of satellite cells. The benefits of implants to production of beef cattle have been well documented, with significant documentation of increased growth rates, ADG, and feed efficiency. Implants increase the vigor of feedlot steers by reducing the incidence of certain illnesses and, in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunization, replace castration for improving meat quality. Anabolic implants result in both beneficial and detrimental effects on meat quality. Implants increase ribeye area but reduce fat deposition and marbling scores. Skeletal maturity is increased by implants. The most severe quality problem from implant use is an increased incidence of dark cutters. Producers need to weigh the benefits and the disadvantages of anabolic implants for use in animal production strategies.
UFOMQ: An Algorithm for Querying for Similar Individuals in Heterogeneous Ontologies

The chief challenge in identifying similar individuals across multiple ontologies is the high computational cost of evaluating similarity between every pair of entities. We present an approach to querying for similar individuals across multiple ontologies that makes use of the correspondences discovered during ontology alignment in order to reduce this cost. The query algorithm is designed using the framework of fuzzy logic and extends fuzzy ontology alignment. The algorithm identifies entities that are related to the given entity directly from a single alignment link or by following multiple alignment links. We evaluate the approach using both publicly available ontologies and from an enterprise-scale dataset. Experiments show that it is possible to trade-off a small decrease in precision of the query results with a large savings in execution time.
Symposium Introduction - 'Immigration and Civil Rights After September 11: The Impact on California'

This is an introduction to a U.C. Davis Law Review symposium on "Immigration and Civil Rights After September 11: The Impact on California." The articles come from a distinguished group of scholars, attorneys, and activists and will unquestionably contribute significantly to the ongoing national dialogue about the treatment of noncitizens in U.S. society. The papers in the symposium issue were presented at the U.C. Davis School of Law in April 2004. The panels focused on "The War on Terror, Racial Profiling, and Immigrants," "Detention of Immigrants: Recent Developments and the Future," "Guest Workers," and "Activism in Immigrant Communities." As the panel titles suggest, the papers offer observations and insights about a full range of interrelated immigration developments, with a particular emphasis on the civil rights implications of the heightened immigration enforcement measures put into place after September 11. Authors include Susan Akram (Boston University), Kif Augustine-Adams (Brigham Young University), Charles Weisselberg (UC Berkeley-Boalt Hall), Larry Kupers (Assistant Federal Public Defender), Bill Ong Hing (U.C. Davis), Philip Martin (U.C. Davis (Agricultural Economics)), Adela de la Torre (U.C. Davis (Chicana/o Studies)), Rowena Seto (J.D., U.C. Davis), Isao Fujimoto (U.C. Davis (Asian American Studies)), and Gerardo Sandoval.
Personality Beyond Borders: The Case for a Federal Right of Publicity

In today's increasingly virtual world, the traditional notions of personality linked to a geographical location have fallen by the wayside. In our every day lives, our casual on- and offline lives reach further probably than we realize. As said over a century ago, as society evolves, the law must similarly keep up. Publicity rights restricted to state boundaries are insufficient. The problem is worse, however, for those who are engaged in activities that put them in the limelight without recourse: student-athletes. As if the lack of a uniform right of publicity wasn't bad enough for typical citizens, university athletics are famously using names and likenesses of its unpaid student-athletes to further the reach of their programs and for commercial gain. This paper aims to explore the history of publicity rights, current state statutes, and the plight of the student-athlete, as well as to propose a statutory federal right of publicity.
Varieties of Capitalism and Fiscal Stimulus, 2008–2010

This paper tests the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) framework to explain variation in fiscal stimulus measures across OECD countries in response to the 2008-2010 economic crisis. Following Soskice (2007), I argue that coordinated market economies are less flexible with fiscal policy than liberal market economies. Multivariate analysis across 23 OECD countries demonstrates that VoC is more powerful than three competing theories: fiscal institutions, which hypothesizes more stimulus in countries with less restrictive budgetary rules; debt credibility, which hypothesizes more stimulus in less indebted countries; and political partisanship, which hypothesizes more stimulus in countries governed by the left.
Intrinsic emittance reduction in transmission mode photocathodes

High quantum efficiency (QE) and low emittance electron beams provided by multi-alkali photocathodes make them of great interest for next generation high brightness photoinjectors. Spicer's three-step model well describes the photoemission process; however, some photocathode characteristics such as their thickness have not yet been completely exploited to further improve the brightness of the generated electron beams. In this work, we report on the emittance and QE of a multi-alkali photocathode grown onto a glass substrate operated in transmission and reflection modes at different photon energies. We observed a 20% reduction in the intrinsic emittance from the reflection to the transmission mode operation. This observation can be explained by inelastic electron-phonon scattering during electrons' transit towards the cathode surface. Due to this effect, we predict that thicker photocathode layers will further reduce the intrinsic emittance of electron beams generated by photocathodes operated in transmiss...
Intraspecific Variation in Metabolic Rate and Its Relationship with Productivity in the Cotton Rat, Sigmodon hispidus

We investigated the relationship between basal metabolic rate and production rates (i.e., tissue biosynthesis) at the intraspecific level in Sigmodon hispidus from seven distinct geographic locations. Variation in metabolic and production rates did not correlate with a latitudinal or longitudinal gradient. No evidence was found that intraspecific variation in basal metabolic rate influences variation in production rates. Rates of basal metabolism were not correlated significantly with rates of energy investment in postnatal growth, reproduction, or rates of assimilation of energy at the intraspecific level. In general, allocation of energy to production was constant regardless of the basal metabolic rate of each individual. In contrast, allocation of energy to activities other than basal metabolism and production was lower in cotton rats with high basal rates. Differences in metabolic capacity and metabolic scope are suggested as an alternative explanation for simultaneous increases in basal metabolism and production rates documented at the interspecific level.
Institutionalizing infrastructure: photo-elicitation of cultural-cognitive knowledge of development

Infrastructure that goes unused – for example, after constructing the first water, electricity, sewers or road infrastructure in an infrastructure-poor community – is a common issue in new infrastructure development in the global south. In this case, while infrastructure has diffused, it has not become institutionalized. To better understand this problem, photo-elicitation methods are used to explore cultural-cognitive frames used by research respondents as they create and explain photograph symbols that represent change in their built environment. For example, respondents advocate for infrastructure they have reason to believe outsiders will provide as they evaluate the infrastructure against local utility in an early phase of institutionalization. Respondents also frame the research undertaking as an opportunity to actively diffuse infrastructure practices they have recently adopted themselves. By making these and other frames explicit, the photo-elicitation method reveals the elusive cultural-cognitive...
The Future of American Higher Education

Few would dispute that the development, dissemination, and application of knowledge will always strongly impact the course of the future. Historically, this knowledge management has primarily been ...
Second-Line Strategies in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Given the number of active drugs and combinations available, the choice of second-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer can be complicated. It is influenced by many factors, such as the nature of the first-line therapy, the potential toxicity of one regimen vs another, and the overall goal of treatment for the patient. In this chapter, we focus our discussion on the therapeutic strategies that can be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer after the failure of first-line therapy.
Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), A Teaching Method From Physical Sciences, Promotes Deep Student Learning In Aviation

Aviation educators can increase the depth of student learning in their classes by implementing Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL). The goal of this study was to determine whether POGIL, a uniquely effective teaching strategy used primarily in chemistry or biology, stimulates deeper student learning outside the flight lab. Results from measured test scores on identical assessment instruments between the control and experimental groups indicate the use of POGIL can significantly increase the depth of student learning in collegiate aviation classes with or without a flight lab.
Application of magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional treatment planning in the treatment of orbital lymphoma

Radiotherapy for lymphoma of the orbit must be individualized for each patient and clinical setting. Most techniques focus on optimizing the dose to the tumor while sparing the lens. This study describes a technique utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three dimensional (3D) planning in the treatment of orbital lymphoma. A patient presented with an intermediate grade lymphoma of the right orbit. The prescribed tumor dose was 4050 cGy in 18 fractions. Three D planning was carried out and tumor volumes, retina, and lens were subsequently outlined. Dose calculations including dose volume histograms of the target, retina, and lens were then performed. Part of the retina was outside of the treatment volume while 50% of the retina received 90% or more of the prescribed dose. The patient was clinically NED when last seen 2 years following therapy with no treatment-related morbidity. Patients with lymphomas of the orbit can be optimally treated using MRI based 3D treatment planning.
An Integrated Model for Dynamic Brand Equity

This paper presents a unified statistical model designed to measure brand equity as it changes over time; and gauge the impact of increased brand equity on consumer's product choices. Our model extends traditional models of brand equity which posit that strong brands are simply "more preferred" after controlling for the marketing mix (i.e. an intercept) to a more general model that allows for (1) brand equity to evolve (modeled as a Bayesian DLM model); (2) perceived product attributes to vary with brand strength ― an "X-perception effect"; and (3) perceived coefficients for product attributes to be a function of equity ― a "beta effect". This extended model provides firms and researchers with a more comprehensive view of brand equity and how it manifests itself in consumers' product choices. We apply the proposed model to a panel dataset on purchases in the pretzel category, demonstrating that brand equity had a measurable effect on price sensitivity and product attribute perceptions. Using the model we optimize the timing of marketing and derive optimal weekly prices. Comparing those results to simpler benchmark models of brand equity, we find that managers can potentially lose profit by using the reduced-form model due to mispricing.
The Sweet Taste of Childhood

The heightened preference that children have for sweet-tasting foods and beverages is universal and evident around the world. In this chapter, we review the scientific literature that suggests that such preferences are not solely a product of modern-day technology and advertising, but reflect children’s basic biology. It has been suggested that the liking for sweet tastes during development may have ensured the acceptance of sweet-tasting foods such as fruits which are high in energy, minerals, and vitamins. Moreover, research will be presented that suggests that the liking for sweets also may have its roots in the pain-reducing properties of sugars.
Evidence for non-potential magnetic fields in the quiet Sun

A comparison of BBSO Hα centerline filtergrams and videomagnetograms was made to investigate the existence of non- potential magnetic fields in the quiet Sun near magnetic network. We use the fibril structure in the Hα images as a proxy for the horizontal chromospheric magnetic field which we compare with the horizontal field obtained by potential extrapolation of the observed, line-of-sight photospheric field. The quiet-Sun field was found to be consistently and significantly non-potential in each of the three fields of view studied. A transient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightening, known as a blinker, occurred during the observations of a region where the field is highly non-potential, suggesting a connection between magnetic reconnection and non-potentiality.
CircRNAs: a regulator of cellular stress

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) were first identified as a viroid and later found to also be an endogenous RNA splicing product in eukaryotes. In recent years, a series of RNA-sequencing analyses from a diverse range of eukaryotes have shed new light on these eukaryotic circRNAs, revealing dynamic expression patterns in various developmental stages and physiological conditions. In this review, we focus on circRNAs implicated in stress response pathways and explore potential mechanisms underlying their regulation. To date, circRNAs have been shown to act as scaffolds in the assembly of protein complexes, sequester proteins from native subcellular localization, activate transcription of parental genes, inhibit RNA-protein interactions, and function as regulators of microRNA activity. Although the mechanism modulating circRNA levels during stress remains unclear, circRNAs are shown to be regulated during biogenesis, degradation, and exportation. As circRNAs do not have 5' and 3' ends, there are no entry points for exoribonucleases to initiate degradation. Such inherent stability makes this class of RNA a strong candidate to maintain homeostasis in the face of environmental challenges.
Partially latent class models for case–control studies of childhood pneumonia aetiology

In population studies on the aetiology of disease, one goal is the estimation of the fraction of cases that are attributable to each of several causes. For example, pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis of lung infection that may be caused by viral, bacterial, fungal or other pathogens. The study of pneumonia aetiology is challenging because directly sampling from the lung to identify the aetiologic pathogen is not standard clinical practice in most settings. Instead, measurements from multiple peripheral specimens are made. The paper introduces the statistical methodology designed for estimating the population aetiology distribution and the individual aetiology probabilities in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study of 9500 children for seven sites around the world. We formulate the scientific problem in statistical terms as estimating the mixing weights and latent class indicators under a partially latent class model (PLCM) that combines heterogeneous measurements with different error rates obtained from a case-control study. We introduce the PLCM as an extension of the latent class model. We also introduce graphical displays of the population data and inferred latent class frequencies. The methods are tested with simulated data, and then applied to Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health data. The paper closes with a brief description of extensions of the PLCM to the regression setting and to the case where conditional independence between the measures is relaxed.
Molybdenum Sulfide Nanosheet‐Based Hollow Porous Flat Boxes and Nanotubes for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

The intriguing amorphous/quasi-amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) materials with active terminal disulfide S22- units have recently been recognized as prominent catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, due to the deformability and isotropy of amorphous/quasi-amorphous statuses, the regular morphologies and hierarchical structures of those reported MoSx materials are rather limited which may impede the extensive utilization of the merits of MoSx catalysts. Here, we diversify the MoSx morphologies and structures by a new template-free solvothermal method to prepare fascinating MoSx nanosheet-based hollow porous flat boxes and nanotubes. With ethanol concentrations in the mixed solvents for the reaction increasing from 60 v/v% to 100 v/v%, highly dispersive MoSx materials are obtained and the morphologies change from nanosheet to nanosheet-based hollow porous nanotubes and flat boxes with increasing S22- contents and structural hierarchy/regularity. Catalytic measurements demonstrate that the hollow porous MoSx flat boxes and nanotubes have similar outstanding HER performances and can reach 10 mA.cm-2 current density at overpotentials of ~206 mV, ~210 mV respectively. Therefore, we have synthesized MoSx nanosheet-based hollow porous flat boxes and nanotubes as effective HER catalysts and the hollow porous MoSx flat boxes and nanotubes may be used as beneficial templates/supporters to prepare other catalysts.
Effective Expansion of A Partially Known Competence Set

In this article, we generalize competence set analysis as an effective tool to model decision problems in an uncertain environment, especially in a fuzzy environment. We discuss the expansion of competence sets when only partially known.