cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
S1-hypersensitive sites in eukaryotic promoter regions

We have examined by fine mapping the S1 nuclease-hypersensitivity of the 5' flanking regions of the human beta-globin and rat preproinsulin II genes and of the SV40 origin/enhancer region. In all cases S1-hypersensitive sites are located in known or presumed promoter/regulatory regions. Though a consensus DNA sequence is not evident, all of these sites reside in predominantly homopurine-homopyrimidine stretches. The alternate (non-B) DNA structure which is revealed by the enzymatic probe is a sequence-dependent feature of a short stretch of DNA, which is retained upon transplantation into a foreign environment. The alternate structure exhibits S1-nicking patterns uniquely different from those associated with the presence of Z-DNA.
Sea ice microbial communities. III. Seasonal abundance of microalgae and associated bacteria, Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica.

Numbers of bacteria in annual sea ice increased directly with numbers of algae during the 1981 spring ice diatom bloom in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Algae and bacteria in a control site grew at rates of 0.10 and 0.05 day−1, respectively, whereas in an experimentally darkened area neither increased after six weeks. Epiphytic bacteria grew at a rate twice that of the nonattached bacteria and were significantly larger, contributing approximately 30% of the total bacterial biomass after October. The microalgal assemblage was dominated by two species of pennate diatoms, anAmphiprora sp. andNitzschia stellata. Greater than 65% of epiphytic bacteria were associated withAmphiprora sp. after October.N. stellata, however, remained largely uncolonized throughout the study. We hypothesize that microalgae stimulate bacterial growth in sea ice, possibly by providing the bacteria with organic substrates.
Remote image based retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis: a receiver operating characteristic analysis of accuracy.

Background/aims: Telemedicine offers potential to improve the accessibility and quality of diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to measure accuracy of remote image based ROP diagnosis by three readers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Methods: 64 hospitalised infants who met ROP examination criteria underwent two consecutive bedside procedures: dilated examination by an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist and digital retinal imaging with a commercially available wide angle camera. 410 images from 163 eyes were reviewed independently by three trained ophthalmologist readers, who classified each eye into one of four categories: no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 prethreshold ROP, or ROP requiring treatment. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of mild or worse ROP, type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP, and ROP requiring treatment were determined, compared to a reference standard of dilated ophthalmoscopy. ROC curves were generated by calculating values for each reader at three diagnostic cut-off levels: mild or worse ROP (that is, reader was asked whether image sets represented mild or worse ROP), type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP (that is, reader was asked whether image sets represented type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP), and ROP requiring treatment. Results: Areas under ROC curves ranged from 0.747–0.896 for detection of mild or worse ROP, 0.905–0.946 for detection of type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP, and 0.941–0.968 for detection of ROP requiring treatment. Conclusions: Remote interpretation is highly accurate among multiple readers for the detection of ROP requiring treatment, but less so for detection of mild or worse ROP.
Mediated Mourning: Troubled Identifications in Atom Egoyan’s Ararat

Atom Egoyan’s film Ararat advances a rhetoric of mediated mourning that counters Turkish denial of the Armenian genocide. His characters’ mourning is mediated in two senses: First, it expresses itself through the production or analy‐sis of visual texts; second, those texts interpose themselves between grieving subjects and the community with whom they identify. while Ararat attempts to visualize the unquenchable urge toward consubstantiality with an ancestral collective, the movie deliberately resists absorption by discourses that render Armenian post-exiles answerable to skeptics and to privileged audiences who appropriate narratives of atrocity for personal catharsis.
Open versus laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical and economic analysis

Abstract Background. Since 1991, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has gained acceptance in the treatment of hematologic disorders, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Several studies suggest that LS provides benefits over open splenectomy (OS). However, study design flaws hinder formal technology assessment. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical and administrative records of patients who underwent splenectomy for ITP between January 1995 and December 2000 to compare clinical and economic outcomes associated with LS and OS. Results. Eighty-six patients were identified; 42 underwent an attempted LS and 44 had OS. Preoperative patient characteristics were similar between groups. Mean operative and anesthesia times for LS and OS were 167 and 201 minutes and 119 and 151 minutes, respectively (P
An Economic Analysis Method of Energy Saving Strategies in Newly Constructed Buildings

Businesses and institutions in the United States spend an estimated $175 billion per year for energy. Of that, the fraction under performance contracts and energy service agreements is currently growing, aided by cheaper monitoring technology and integration with energy management and conservation systems. To estimate the potential savings as well as to help verify energy savings retrofits, the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers has developed Standard 90.1 to provide guidance when conducting energy simulations of buildings before they are constructed. Although the potential accuracy afforded by today’s energy simulation programs is high, there is little agreement on current methods when developing the base case building. In addition, there are no current standards to guide the analysis of newly constructed, energy efficient buildings. This paper presents an energy simulation of a newly constructed state office building and compares the energy savings a past study the uses ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and a simulation regression method. Overall, while the results show significant differences between the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and the calibrated simulation regression method.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The "dimeriser" hypothesis for sugar permeation through red cell membrane: reinvestigation of original evidence.

Abstract The original evidence for the operation of a “dimeriser” site in the human erythrocyte surface, in connection with facilitation of the passage of simple sugars through the cell membrane, has been experimentally re-examined and considerably extended. The course of total sugar uptake was followed photometrically, in mixtures of 21 pairs among nine monosaccharides, as a function of the varying proportions of the two sugars at a constant total level. The observed behavior was found to adhere closely to the quantitative predictions computed by numerical integration of rate equations derived from the simple monovalent carrier model proposed by Widdas , on the basis of previously estimated affinity constants for the various sugars, and a common rate constant for all. The most crucial of Stein 's dissonant conclusions from similar experiments, involving a systematic deviation of the initial cell swelling rates from this pattern, are shown to be accountable by errors inherent in the methods by which these data were analyzed. It is concluded that, although this type of experimental approach does not definitively exclude the possibility that the transport sites may be divalent for the substrate sugars, it provides no basis whatever for advancing this hypothesis.
Implementation of total quality management in the managed care industry

This paper presents an evaluation and discussion of total quality management (TQM), focusing on its origin, measure, and implementation into a specific industry (managed care). It will further show the significance of the nursing profession when looking how to successfully join the two concepts together. The results of this paper will effectively demonstrate that the implementation of TQM into managed care reveals a higher level of quality and customer satisfaction.
Measuring the efficiency of university technology transfer

Abstract Universities provide education as well as innovations resulting from their research. This paper focuses on the service of transferring research results into other sectors. Many stakeholders such as academic researchers, technology transfer offices (TTOs) and private industry are involved in technology transfer which calls for a comprehensive approach. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is used as a productivity evaluation tool applied to university technology transfer. The methodology included weight restrictions providing a more comprehensive metric. The results include an examination of efficiency targets for specific universities as well as peer count of inefficient universities. Evidence of significant efficiency in university technology transfer is found in many leading universities. An examination of differences between public versus private universities and those with medical schools and those without indicated that universities with medical schools are less efficient than those without.
Poisson clusters and Poisson voids.

Expressions are derived for the expected abundance of clusters and voids in a sample of randomly distributed objects.
Strategies and attributes of highly productive scholars and contributors to the school psychology literature: recommendations for increasing scholarly productivity.

Abstract In all academic fields, there are scholars who contribute to the research literature at exceptionally high levels. The goal of the current study was to discover what school psychology researchers with remarkably high levels of journal publication do to be so productive. In Study 1, 94 highly productive school psychology scholars were identified from past research, and 51 (39 men, 12 women) submitted individual, short-answer responses to a 5-item questionnaire regarding their research strategies. A constant comparative approach was employed to sort and code individual sentiments ( N = 479) into categories. Seven broad categories of counsel for increasing productivity emerged: (a) research and publication practices and strategies, (b) collaboration, mentoring and building relationships, (c) navigating the peer-review process, (d) strategies to bolster writing productivity and excellence, (e) personal character traits that foster productivity, (f) preparation before entering the professoriate, and (g) other noteworthy sentiments. Results are discussed in terms of nine recommendations for scholars and graduate students who wish to increase their productivity. In Study 2, five of the most productive scholars (1 woman, 4 men) participated in a semi-structured interview about their high levels of productivity. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed, and a case analysis approach employed to profile each scholar. Study limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Smartphones in Medicine: Emerging Practices in an Academic Medical Center

Advances in mobile phone technology now provide a myriad of resources to physicians' fingertips. However, the medical profession continues to struggle with potential for misuse of these devices. There is a need for better understanding of physicians' uses of smartphones in order to establish guidelines for appropriate and professional behavior. The purpose of the current study was to survey physicians' and medical students' practices concerning smartphone use in the healthcare setting. Physicians and medical students were asked to complete anonymous surveys regarding uses of smartphones within the past month in various healthcare settings. Overall, the participants reported distinctly different patterns in the uses they made of their phones in different settings (P?<?.001), with most individuals engaging in most behaviors while on break but few using their smartphones while with patients or during procedures. It appears that physicians and medical students make decisions about using their smartphones according to some combination of three considerations: degree of relevance to patient care, the appropriateness of the behavior in front of patients, and the issue of how disruptive that behavior may be.
Intermediates in the reduction of N2 to NH3: synthesis of iron η2 hydrazido(1−) and diazene complexes

Iron complexes containing hydrazido(1−) and diazene ligands were investigated as potential intermediates in the reduction of N2 to NH3. Generation of cis-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(η2-N2H3)]+ and cis-Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(η2-N2H2) (DMeOPrPE = 1,2-bis(dimethoxypropylphosphino)ethane) was achieved by addition of base to cis-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H4)]2+. The hydrazine, hydrazido(1−), and diazene complexes can be interconverted by protonation/deprotonation reactions.
Efficient implementation of an expectation-maximization algorithm for imaging diffuse radar targets

We explore a statistical view of radar imaging in which target reflectances are realizations of an underlying random process. For diffuse targets, this process is zero-mean complex Gaussian. The data consists of a realization of this process, observed through a linear transformation, and corrupted by additive noise. Image formation corresponds to estimating the elements of a diagonal covariance matrix. In general, maximum-likelihood estimates of these parameters cannot be computed in closed form. Snyder, O'Sullivan, and Miller proposed an expectation-maximization algorithm for computing these estimates iteratively. Straightforward implementations of the algorithm involve multiplication and inversion operations on extremely large matrices, which makes them computationally prohibitive. We present an implementation which exploits Strassen's recursive strategy for matrix multiplication and inversion, which may make the algorithm feasible for image sizes of interest in high-resolution radar applications.
DENIAL OF EVOLUTION: AN EXPLORATION OF COGNITION, CULTURE AND AFFECT

Numerous polls conducted in the United States on the subject of the diversity of life on earth show an approximate 50/50 split between belief in biological evolution and belief in biblical creationism. Hypotheses generated to explain this have focused primarily on cognitive and cultural characteristics of individuals who reject Darwinian evolutionary theory. To date the consideration of affective characteristics has been lacking. In this exploratory study, the cultural measures of church attendance and belief in God, the cognitive measure of Need for Cognitive Closure and the affective measures of fear and disgust all correlate with denial of evolutionary theories. Limits and implications of exploring the affective motivations of cognitions will be discussed.
Algorithms for Multitarget Ambiguity Removal after Coincidence Detection

A first cut at the difficult problem of the identification and removal of ambiguous responses to radar burst waveforms is presented. Assuming that two bursts are used, algorithms for multitarget ambiguity removal after coincidence detection are presented and illustrated by examples. The results may have significant application in ballistic missile defense surveillance radars.
Survival of pronuclear mouse eggs kept at different temperatures.

Pronuclear mouse eggs were maintained in globulin-citrate-Locke's solution for 120 to 180 minutes at one of the following temperatures: 22–23°C (room), 35–36°C (incubator) or 2–3°C (refrigerator). Their viability was then compared with that of untouched eggs and with eggs immediately transferred from donor to host. After maintenance at room temperature the vitelline membrane shrank irregularly within the zona pellucida; on the other hand, in the pronuclear eggs maintained at refrigeration temperature this did not occur. In contrast, the cytoplasm of the incubated eggs was highly condensed and the vitellus shrunken, although the vitelline surface remained smooth. Survival rate of eggs, as tested by transplantation, was lower after incubation than after refrigeration. Body weight of fetuses developed from eggs maintained at room temperature and refrigeration temperature was significantly less than that of fetuses developed from untouched control eggs, from eggs immediately transferred to a host animal, or from eggs maintained at incubation temperature.
Bad reputation: separating past and present.

[Ann Emerg Med. 2007;50:349.] He came to us as an intern with good grades and board scores from a good school. He had a quirky sense of humor and an engaging smile. Within a month, I was hearing grumbling from the faculty about working with him. Nothing specific, just an undercurrent of wariness. From off-service rotations he got mediocre reviews, nothing particularly bad, but given his credentials it should have raised my antenna. But I optimistically thought it was a good sign; to not hear anything bad is good in my job. His in-service score was very high. On his return to the ED, however, the grumbling started again. Too slow, unfocused when he presented patients, couldn’t make a plan. But he worked hard and in conference often had the right answer from a knowledge perspective. I’d seen this before: a truly bright resident with an organizational problem, a quirk of his cortices that put roadblocks between his knowledge base and his ability to function. Sometimes it’s due to performance anxiety and sometimes it’s something else. Either way it’s a difficult problem requiring a lot of work from the resident and the faculty. When we approached him, he was aware he wasn’t doing well and was not at all defensive. He clearly wanted to do better. He was open to all our suggestions. His intern trauma rotation came at the tail end of the year and he did especially poorly. He was unable to keep up with the workload, easily overwhelmed and indecisive. I talked with him and realized that he was afraid; afraid to commit or step outside any of those little areas where he had any confidence. His second year trauma rotation would soon follow. He would have to assume a lot of responsibility, and disaster loomed. We talked and he recognized the impending crisis. Again he was open. We decided that he needed to step outside his fear and try to actively emulate his peers. Lo and behold, he stepped up, made a leap. He wasn’t the best they’d ever seen, but he was OK. A success. I relaxed. He came back to the ED and the grumbling started again, this time in earnest. Same old stuff. He wouldn’t commit and was too slow. My own experience working with him was similar. He worked hard but seemed to be spinning his wheels. In retrospect I can only begin to imagine the internal effort it had taken for him to step up during trauma, and when he returned “home” to the ED, I think he relaxed. We went back to work. Slowly, he improved. He often seemed unhappy, carrying a heavy load. Some faculty commented that he seemed afraid, always carefully cueing on their faces to decide how to proceed. We met multiple times and finally I gave him explicit permission to
Straight from the Horse's Mouth: New and Not-So-New Serialists Share Experience

Presenters Susan Davis of the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, and Sarah E. Morris of Reed Smith, LLP, led an informal discussion of past and future trends in serials librarianship. By comparing their perspectives as new and mid-career librarians, they illuminated various topics related to work with serials and electronic resources, including the skill sets required for e-resource management, users' demands for online access, and generational attitudes within the profession.
The internationalization speed of e‐commerce companies: an empirical analysis

Purpose – This study aims to explain the internationalization speed of e‐commerce companies (ECCs).Design/methodology/approach – Based on the archive data of the American ECCs, the study used multiple regression analysis to estimate the influences of a number of micro‐ and macro‐factors.Findings – The results show that the speedy foreign market entry by ECCs was positively influenced by top management team's international experience, and innovative and marketing capabilities.Research limitations/implications – The study did not deal with the entry mode of ECCs inviting more future research efforts in this direction. Additionally, as established MNEs have integrated e‐commerce into existing business, future research can be devoted to examine the impact of this integration on the internationalization of firms.Originality/value – Extant literature has addressed the internationalization of ECCs with a focus on the level of internationalization. This study contributes to the current literature by extending res...
Tailored particle distributions derived from MIL-STD-1246

The use of MIL-STD-1246 particle distributions for calculating BRDF scatter has given unrealistic cleanliness requirements for optical systems exposed to environmental fallout. MIL-STD-1246 and fallout data were reviewed and used to generate more realistic particle distributions for use in BRDF scatter predictions.
A new spectrum of Triton near the time of the Voyager encounter

A 5200-10,000 A spectrum of Triton that was telescopically obtained during the summer of 1989, just before the Voyager II encounter with the Neptune system, exhibits a measurable 8900 A CH4 ice absorption band. A combination of these data with those of Voyager indicates that the absorption is caused solely by Triton surface CH4 ice. A Hapke-type model for the Triton spectrum (1) sets a 20-micron lower limit on the CH4 ice's mean grain size (although it is suspected that actual grain size is closer to 100 microns), and (2) indicates that CH4 ice is widely distributed on the southern-hemisphere surface of Triton.
In Vitro Modeling of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Cardiomyopathy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)

Purpose DMD is the most common an debilitating X-linked muscular dystrophy that leads to devastating skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. DMD cardiomyopathy has now emerged as the leading cause of death in DMD, however there is limited knowledge of pathophysiology of DMD cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this is to utilize patient-specific hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes (CM) to model DMD cardiomyopathy. Methods and Materials Dermal fibroblasts were obtained from a DMD patient with severe cardiomyopathy and a normal healthy control. The fibroblasts were reprogrammed to hiPSC with retrovirus containing the human transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. The DMD and control hiPSC lines were differentiated to CM using a monolayer, extra cellular matrix, growth factor directed differentiation. Molecular and physiologic assays were performed at day 30 of differentiation. Results The DMD and control hiPSC lines were fully characterized and demonstrated pluripotent markers with qRT-PCR and immunostaining, formed teratomas with all three germ layers, and were karyotypically normal. DMD hiPSC were shown to have absence of dystrophin exons 4-43, consistent with the patient’s mutation. DMD hiPSC differentiated to beating CM sheets and initiation of beating was observed between days 10-14 in both DMD and control hiPSC CM. Increased membrane fragility was seen in d30 DMD hiPSC CM compared to control CM as assayed by hypo-osmotic stress and LDH release. Initial gene expression, demonstrated significantly lower dystrophin expression in DMD hiPSC CM as compared to control hiPSC CM, while there was significantly higher induction of beta-1-adrenergic receptor gene expression in DMD hiPSC CM. Conclusions Our results suggest that DMD hiPSC CM can be differentiated to cardiomyocytes and have a unique phenotype for disease investigation. Further evaluation of the molecular and physiologic phenotype of DMD hiPSC CM will serve as a platform for developing novel therapeutic regimens for patients with muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathies.
Effect of xylene on micellar solutions of block-copoly (oxyethylene/oxypropylene/oxyethylene) in water

Abstract Water and o -xylene are selective solvents for polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, respectively. It could therefore be expected that when a small amount of o -xylene was added to a micellar solution of block -copoly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene/oxyethylene) in water, the o -xylene would be solubilized in the polyoxypropylene core of the micelle. Extended one-phase regions were observed in a large composition range of the phase diagram of the three component system. The system was investigated by static and dynamic light-scattering and viscosity measurements. It was found that the addition of xylene increases the molar mass and hydrodynamic radius of the micelles. The results are in agreement with the assumption that xylene is solubilized in the micelle core and that it increases the aggregation tendency of the copolymer.
Antifungal activity of decanoic hydroxamic acid.

SummaryDecanoic hydroxamic acid (DHA) was markedly inhibitory to growth of certain fungi, both mycelial and yeast-like. Quantitatively it was approximately 4 times as active as the unsubstituted acid on Candida albicans. Activity was apparently not mediated through a release of free hydroxyl-amine. Toxicity upon parenteral administration to experimental animals was not primarily to liver, spleen, bone marrow, or kidney. Topical application of 1% DHA in propylene glycol on patients with cutaneous C. albicans infections caused considerable regression of lesions in one week. No evidence of sensitization or primary irritation was observed in this group.
Crossover from static to thermal layer undulations in finite-size liquid-crystalline films.

A quantitative study of the crossover from static to thermally dominated layer undulations in a liquid-crystalline film is presented. Off-specular x-ray scattering from Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of liquid-crystalline monomer-polymer mixtures reveals that the amplitude of smectic layer undulations is dominated by static roughness for low monomer concentrations. With increasing monomer concentration, the contribution due to thermally induced undulations increases rapidly with a concomitant decrease in the in-plane correlation length associated with the layer undulation correlation function.
COMPOSITION OF TRABECULAR AND CORTICAL BONE.

A technique was devised for obtaining marrow-free trabecular bone so that the trabecular and cortical bone composition of dog, steer, monkey and man could be studied. Vertebral body was cut in the frontal plane into slices 2 mm thick with an electric band saw. The cortical bone encrircling each slice was trimmed off with a cleaver, leaving intact a lacy slice of trabecular bone. The marrow substance was washed away by fine and powerful jets of tap water obtained from an adjustable nozzle. Marrow washing was discontinued when no trace of red color was visible on holding the slice in front of a strong light source. The quantities of water, volatile inorganic, organic and ash fractions in cortical bone was alike for all species. Likewise, the trabecular bone fractions of each was quantitatively similar. In general, density and amount of ash in cortical bone was higher than that in trabecular bone. The water and ash:organic ratio were higher in trabecular than in cortical bones. Ratios of trabecular to cortical ash for the bones in an entire dog skeleton were also determined. Based on this, volume or mass of the various bone fraction may be estimated when the weight of the ash for any particular bone is known.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage and 6-minute walk outcome.

PURPOSE Although physicians generally reserve pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) referral for patients in later stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is no evidence to suggest that PR programs are more effective for these persons than for those in earlier stages of the disease. This study examined the relationship between 6-minute walk change and COPD stage in patients completing PR. METHODS The sample consisted of 76 patients who enrolled in the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Program with a primary diagnosis of COPD between January 1996 and June 2000. Data was collected on 6-minute walk upon entry into the program and upon program completion. Patients were stratified according to COPD stage using the American Thoracic Society staging system. RESULTS There were significant differences among the three stages with regard to initial and ending 6-minute walk distances such that persons in later stages of the disease have shorter initial and ending 6-minute walk distances. However, all three stages show significant improvements in the 6-minute walk after PR. There were no significant differences in the median change among groups indicating that the median change was not better (or worse) for patients in any particular COPD stage. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PR is equally effective in increasing physical performance for all patients regardless of COPD stage. This type of information can be used to support the recommendation of PR for patients early in the disease process.
Poultry Aid to State Institutions

Abstract In this paper the writer will attempt to show the purpose, method and results of Poultry Supervision on N. Y. State Institution Farms. The plan is a cooperative one between Cornell University, Dept. of Poultry Husbandry, State Dept. of Farms and Markets at Albany and the institutions themselves. New York state has 42 institutions which take care of approximately 60,000 persons. Fourteen of the institutions are state hospitals, twenty charitable institutions and eight are prisons. In 1918 the total acreage owned by the State for this purpose was 24,435 acres. Section 12 of the agricultural law, enacted by the Legislature of 1910, provides that the Commissioner of Agriculture shall make inquiries into the methods of farming in connection with the various state institutions reporting to the Fiscal Supervisor of State Charities, State Hospital Commission and Supt. of State Prisons. This requires that the Commissioner of Agriculture shall make recommendation to . . .
Inhibition of protein synthesis enhances the lytic effects of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ in cell lines derived from gynecological malignancies

Few clinical responses have occurred in preliminary studies using the cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or interferon γ(IFNγ) in cancer patients. This may be related to the observation that many malignant cell lines are resistant to lysis by these cytokinesin vitro. Resistance to lysis by TNFα or IFNγ in many cells is controlled by a protein-synthesis-dependent mechanism, such that when protein synthesis is inhibited cells become sensitive to lysis by these cytokines. Because there is some evidence that TNFα and IFNγ act through different lytic mechanisms and are opposed by different resistance mechanisms, we treated a panel of eight cell lines, five derived from human cervical carcinomas (ME-180, MS751, SiHa, HT-3, and C-33A) and three derived from ovarian carcinomas (Caov-3, SK-OV-3, and NIH: OVCAR-3) with both TNFα and IFNγ to determine whether such combination treatment might maximizein vitro cell lysis. Our results showed that pretreatment with IFNγ followed by exposure to TNFα in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors increased lysis of seven of the eight cell lines above that seen with either TNFα or IFNγ and inhibitors of protein synthesis. Only the cell line C-33A was resistant to lysis by TNFα and IFNγ, when exposed to these agents both alone and in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors. Clinically, combining the cytokines TNFα and IFNγ with protein synthesis inhibitors may maximize thein vivo lytic effects of these cytokines.
Implementation issues in the control of a flexible mirror testbed

The goal is to develop and demonstrate the potential benefits of applying the controlled structures technology (CST) approach to active and adaptive optics. The potential advantages were outlined in a previous paper. Two testbeds are envisioned for the experimental work. CST techniques are demonstrated experimentally on the first, a simple deformable mirror testbed (DMT) incorporating piezoelectric sensors and actuators and a single optical displacement sensor. Implementation of passive damping augmentation, local control and global high authority control is demonstrated. Some of the key issues in the approach to the control of larger interferometers or lightweight Cassegrain telescopes are discussed. Finally, some of the open areas for future research are summarized.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Carpal Instability with Volar Flexion of the Proximal Row Associated with Injury to the Scaphotrapezial Ligament: Report of Two Cases:

Volar flexion intercalated segment instability may develop after many different injuries to the skeletal and ligamentous architecture of the wrist. We describe two cases in which the presumed cause of instability was an injury to the extrinsic volar scapho-trapezial ligament complex.
The DNA sequence of Bombyx mori fibroin gene including the 5' flanking, mRNA coding, entire intervening and fibroin protein coding regions.

Abstract Sequence analysis of the cloned genomic fibroin gene and cDNA containing the sequence complementary to fibroin mRNA has been carried out for the regions covering the 5′ flanking, mRNA coding, entire intervening sequence and its borders, and fibroin coding sequences. The sequences determined on the gene extend from nucleotide −552 to +1497 (assigning +1 to the cap locus); sequence analysis of the cDNA has confirmed our previous mapping of the cap locus (Tsujimoto and Suzuki, 1979). Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the genomic gene with that of cDNA has confirmed the existence of an intervening sequence 970 bases long. The sequence comparison also pinpointed the 5′ coding-intervening junction at +64−66 and the 3′ intervening-coding junction at +1034−1036. Both the 5′ and 3′ junctions of the fibroin gene (insect) share homologous segments of about 10 nucleotides each with the published sequences of β-globin (mammal), immunoglobulin (mammal) and ovalbumin (avian) genes. A long inverted repeat sequence (17 of 23 base match) has been found next to the junctions within the intervening sequence of the fibroin gene. The repetitious sequence that codes for the Gly-Ala peptide characteristic of fibroin protein begins at position +1448. The characteristics of the N terminal portion of fibroin protein (or its precursor) are discussed, as are the features of the 5′ flanking sequence of the gene and the mRNA sequence (with special attention to the putative promoter sequence for the gene), the possible secondary structure and a sequence complementary to the 3′ end of 18S ribosomal RNA at the 5′ proximal region of fibroin mRNA.
Direct Absorption Volumetric Molten Salt Receiver With Integral Storage

A new design is presented for a concentrating solar power central receiver system with integrated thermal storage. Concentrated sunlight penetrates and is absorbed within a passive molten salt pool, also acting as a single-tank assisted thermocline storage system. The receiver has a relatively small aperture, open to the environment without requiring a transparent window to isolate the system, exhibiting low losses while achieving high temperatures needed for efficient power generation. The use of an insulated divider plate provides a physical and thermal barrier to separate the hot and cold salt layers within the receiver. The position of the divider plate is controlled throughout the day to enhance the natural thermocline which forms within the salt. As a result, continuous, high temperature heat extraction is possible even as the average temperature of the salt is declining. Experimental results are presented for an optically heated 5 L capacity sodium-potassium nitrate salt volumetric receiver equipped with a movable divider plate.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Stereotactic body radiation therapy in head and neck, gynecologic, and pediatric malignancies

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly being used in the clinic. While most data from this new technology has been in the treatment of early stage lung cancer and sites of oligometastasis in the lung, liver or bone, limited experience exists in other disease sites. Recently, more and more physicians are using SBRT for retreatment. In the head and neck, multiple articles have now been published reporting outcomes in patients with recurrence or those with new primary lesions in previously irradiated areas. The response rates to SBRT have been good; however, long-term control and toxicity are still a major problem. In gynecological malignancies, the literature on SBRT is more limited with initial experience treating para-aortic nodal metastasis from cervical and uterine cancer with excellent local control. Current studies are underway utilizing SBRT with the inclusion of chemotherapy in the treatment regimen of metastatic gynecologic cancers. In pediatrics, where problems of late toxicity are a concern, there is scant information. With all these advances, long-term follow-up is needed to look at complication rates with this form of treatment. In this review, we will discuss the rationale and possible applications of SBRT in head and neck, gynecological, and pediatric tumors. We will outline the advantages and disadvantages including possible complications of SBRT. We will also present some illustrative cases on how we have used this technology in our practice.
Research Needs and Practices of Community-College Practitioners.

ABSTRACT The process used by community-college leaders in making decisions is very important, given the complexity and significance of their decisions to institutional quality and effectiveness. This article explores the degree to which leaders utilize research in their decision-making, the sources and usefulness of the research, and how the base of information for decision-making could be improved. While community colleges have not been institutions that focus on conducting research, there is a growing trend toward community-college institutional research. However, such research varies widely in quality and applicability outside of the institution conducting it. In 2002, the Community-College Leadership Initiatives conducted an investigation of decision-making practices of a group of leaders in 83 California community colleges. The results of the survey are presented and analyzed. The most important finding is that community-college leaders place a high priority on using research in their decision-making...
Discrete Roughness Effects on Shuttle Orbiter at Mach 6

Discrete roughness boundary layer transition results on a Shuttle Orbiter model in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel have been reanalyzed with new boundary layer calculations to provide consistency for comparison to other published results. The experimental results were previously obtained utilizing the phosphor thermography system to monitor the status of the boundary layer via global heat transfer images of the Orbiter windward surface. The size and location of discrete roughness elements were systematically varied along the centerline of the 0.0075-scale model at an angle of attack of 40 deg and the boundary layer response recorded. Various correlative approaches were attempted, with the roughness transition correlations based on edge properties providing the most reliable results. When a consistent computational method is used to compute edge conditions, transition datasets for different configurations at several angles of attack have been shown to collapse to a well-behaved correlation.
Simulations of high-power free electron lasers with strongly focused electron and optical beams

A high-power free electron laser (FEL) is being designed in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, University of Maryland and Advanced Energy Systems, using short Rayleigh-length resonators to increase the spot size at the mirrors and hence avoid mirror damage. A short Rayleigh length implies a very small optical mode waist in the center of the cavity. It may be desirable to strongly focus the electron beam as well, to improve overlap with the intense optical fields in the interaction region. Three-dimensional simulations are used to study the effects of varying the electron beam radius and angular spread to enhance FEL gain and efficiency. The effects of off-axis shifting and tilting of the electron beam are also studied.
Decreasing the grain boundary diffusivity in binary alloys with increasing temperature

An interfacial thermodynamic model predicts that the interplay of grain boundary (GB) premelting, prewetting, and retrograde solubility in a binary alloy can lead to a decrease in the GB diffusivity with increasing temperature. This counterintuitive prediction is experimentally confirmed for a single-phase, Mo +0.5 at. % Ni alloy. This study calls for a reappraisal of the classical GB adsorption (segregation) theories to consider the coupling with structural disordering, and it critically supports GB premelting and prewetting theories with broad applications.
WE-A-BRC-01: IMRT in Gynecological Malignancies

Intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) is increasingly used for the treatment of gynecological tumors. Successful implementation requires careful attention to every detail from patient selection to simulation, to planning, to setup, to localization, and to delivery. At the University of Chicago, all patients are simulated and treated in supine position using customized alpha cradles indexed to the treatment table. Oral, IV and rectal contrast are used to help in the delineation of the CTV and surrounding normal tissues. The CTV consists of the upper half of the vagina, uterus (if present), parametrial tissues, parasacral region, and the contrast enhanced vessels plus a 2cm margin to identify the common, external and internal nodal regions. PTV is constructed by adding a margin based on the setup uncertainty and organ motion data. Normal tissues contoured include bladder, rectum, small bowel and pelvic bone marrow. For treatment planning, 9 equally spaced co‐planar beams are used. Input parameters derived for the PTV and surrounding normal tissues were developed over the time, and their evolution will be discussed. Treatment plans are evaluated primarily based on the PTV coverage and normal tissue DVHs. 3‐D dose distribution plays an important role in the IMRT delivery and is rigorously evaluated by both physicists and physicians at our institutions. Acceptable plans are the ones that have a minimum coverage of 98% of the PTV volume with the prescription dose while no more than 2% of the PTV receives more than 110% of the prescription dose. Evaluation of small bowel dose is based on a NTCP analysis for the incidence of acute gastrointestinal toxicity of IMRT patients treated in our center. From this analysis, small bowel volume receiving prescription dose (45Gy) should be less than 200cc. Plan acceptance criteria for rectum and bladder will also be discussed during this course. Recent studies conducted in our center studies have associated the volume of pelvic and lumbosacral bone marrow (PBM and LSBM) receiving 10 and 20 Gy with acute hematologic toxicity (AHT) in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and IMRT. We will discuss and present plan consideration for bone marrow sparing IMRT to reduce AHT in these patients. QA is one of the most important and integral part of any radiation therapy procedure. IMRT QA, in our institution, is performed using independent monitor unit verification (MUV) and patient specific measurements and will be discussed in details. In addition, recent studies reporting adaptive treatment and image guided approaches in the treatment of gynecological tumors will be briefly reviewed. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the practical and fundamental aspects of IMRT planning for gynecological malignancies 2. To discuss the GYN‐IMRT plan evaluation and acceptance criteria 3. To review and discuss the IMRT quality assurance issues for this disease site. 4. To briefly review and critique adaptive and image guided GYN‐IMRT approaches.
Sensory impairments and their associations with functional disability in a sample of the oldest-old.

Research focusing on the consequences of sensory impairments for the everyday competence of the oldest-old is emerging. The two main goals of this study were to document the prevalence of self-reported vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairment and to explore associations of these impairments with functional disability in near-centenarians and centenarians. Centenarians and near-centenarians (N = 119; average age = 99) were recruited, with about 80 % living in the community. In-person interviews included self-ratings of vision and hearing impairment and functional disability conceptualized as having difficulties performing personal and instrumental activities of daily livings (PADLs and IADLs). Based on self-report ratings, 17 % of participants were classified as having a visual impairment only, 18 % as having a hearing impairment only, and 38 % with both a visual and hearing impairment (dual sensory impairment). Regression analyses demonstrated that having a vision impairment only and being dual sensory impaired were the strongest predictors of functional disability. They were associated with higher levels of functional disability over and above higher levels of depressive symptomatology, interference of health with desired activities, and living in a nursing home. Sensory impairments—especially dual sensory impairment—are prevalent in the oldest-old. Having dual sensory impairment or a single visual impairment among other factors are strongly associated with less-optimal everyday functioning in the oldest-old.
Studying inpatient treatment practices in schizophrenia: An integrated methodology

A multi-phase research project examining current inpatient psychiatric practices and the relationships between different treatments and patient outcomes is described. The study sample includes Medicaid patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who have been treated in inpatient units of general hospitals in New York State. The research is focused at the heart of the debate concerning the appropriate role of inpatient psychiatric care within a balanced system of mental health services. Addressed are the conceptual issues that guided the project, research strategies, instrument development, measures used and the preliminary findings that informed successive phases. Design issues are reviewed in light of the conceptual and pragmatic decisions made with a multiple site design. A compelling argument is made about the need for a long-term treatment orientation that prepares patients for what lies ahead and that assures communication and continuity between inpatient and outpatient care.
Female harassment after ending a relationship: A preliminary study

While dramatic instances of male aggression directed toward women, such as rape and wife battering, have been frequently studied, a more subtle form of male aggression—female harassment—has been investigated less often. In the present study, 50 women who had terminated relationships with males and then were harassed were interviewed. In general, the harassment lasted for about a year, and episodes which occurred on a daily basis consisted of calls, letters, visits to home or work, being followed, verbal threats, and physical aggression. For the most part, these aggressive actions were perceived as both threatening and disturbing. Findings indicated that assertive female strategies were not more effective in reducing harassment than more sex-role stereotyped passive and nonassertive responses to male aggression. In the second phase of this study a sample of college undergraduates was interviewed on the topic of harassment. Fifty-six percent of the women indicated that they had been harassed by men.