cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seed germination and dormancy of new meadowfoam (Limnanthes spp.) genotypes

Abstract Reliable information on the germination characteristics of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes spp.), a new oilseed crop, will greatly aid in its full commercialization. Soil temperatures above 15–17°C may be common at planting time in western Oregon, and can severely limit seed germination of the cultivar Mermaid. Information on seed germination and dormancy of the new cultivar Floral and more recently developed genetic lines is not available. Effects of three temperature regimes (constant 9°C; and alternating 15 3 and 18 6 °C on 8 16 h cycles), two levels of KNO3 (0 and 1 g l−1) and two seed pre-conditioning treatments (chilling for 48 h at 1°C, and no chilling) on germination were tested for the older cultivar Mermaid, the new cultivar Floral, and some newer lines developed through selection for high oil yield. Seedling emergence of all entries was also measured in the field. Seed germination varied among genotypes under all temperature treatments; genotype by temperature regime interaction was not significant. Pre-chilling enhanced the initial germination rate of all genotypes, but had little effect on the final number of seeds germinated. The effects of KNO3 on seed germination varied among genotypes and among temperature regimes, suggesting genetic variation for seed dormancy. Results also indicate that primary and secondary seed dormancy have been reduced in Floral and in several of the new lines. Field emergence most closely correlated with germination under the 15 3 °C regime with zero KNO3 and no pre-chilling. Selection from existing elite breeding lines for further reductions in dormancy (primary as well as secondary) and improvements of germination seems readily feasible and should contribute to meadowfoam commercialization.
Re-engineering Cybersecurity Education in the US: An Analysis of the Critical Factors

The need for cyber security professionals continues to grow and education systems are responding in a variety of way. The US government has weighed in with two efforts, the NICE effort led by NIST and the CAE effort jointly led by NSA and DHS. Industry has unfilled needs and the CAE program is changing to meet both NICE and industry needs. This paper analyzes these efforts and examines several critical, yet unaddressed issues facing school programs as they adapt to new criteria and guidelines. Technical issues are easy to enumerate, yet it is the programmatic and student success factors that will define successful programs.
Charge transport and storage of low programming voltage SONOS/MONOS memory devices

Abstract In this paper, a model based on two carrier conduction (electrons and holes) at both injecting boundaries (semiconductor bulk and gate electrode) is introduced to interpret the ERASE/WRITE characteristics of scaled SONOS devices. The amphoteric statistics describe the positive and negative charging of the deep-level traps in the nitride “memory” layer. Scaled SONOS/MONOS (polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor)/(metal-oxide- nitride-oxide-semiconductor) transistors and capacitors with the bottom (‘tunnel’) oxide layer thickness around 20 A, the final nitride layer thickness below 100 A, and the top (‘blocking’) oxide layer thickness between 35–50 A, have been fabricated and characterized. The results of the model are consistent with the experimental data, which permits physical insight into the mechanisms of charge injection, transport and storage during the ERASE/WRITE operation. Lattice imaging electron microscopy (TEM), ellipsometry, electrical capacitance, and chemical etchback techniques have been used to determine scaled SONOS/MONOS material parameters. The linear voltage ramp technique, which simultaneously measures the flatband voltage shift and separates the charges at the injecting boundary, and the dynamic pulse techniques of flatband tracking and threshold monitoring, which measure ERASE/WRITE, retention and endurance operations, have been employed to electrically characterize the scaled SONOS/MONOS devices. We have demonstrated a differential, saturated ERASE/WRITE flatband shift of 3.8 V with a ±5 V programming voltage for scaled-down SONOS/MONOS devices with dimensions of 20 A for the tunnel oxide, 50 A for the nitride, and 35 A for the blocking oxide. With ±5 V saturated ERASE/WRITE programming voltages and 10 6 ERASE/WRITE cycles, extrapolated retention gives a projected 10 year 0.5 V memory window at room temperature.
Neutron-scattering studies of Yb-bearing silicate glasses

The static and dynamic magnetic response of the Yb{sup 3+} ions in 2Na{sub 2}O{center_dot}Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center_dot}6SiO{sub 2} glass and the isochemical crystalline silicate Na{sub 3}YbSi{sub 3}O{sub 9} has been studied by neutron diffraction, inelastic magnetic-scattering, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The rare earth sites in the glass have an average coordination number of 5.6 {plus_minus} 0.5 and give a mean rare earth-oxygen bond length of 2.23 {Angstrom}; average Si-O and O-O coordination numbers and bond distances are comparable to those in vitreous SiO{sub 2}. The magnetic excitation spectrum of the Na{sub 3}YbSi{sub 3}O{sub 9} material was analyzed by a crystal-field model using a method of descending symmetry. The magnetic susceptibility and the excitation spectrum of the Yb glasses can be described by a distribution of ligand-field effects on the Yb{sup 3+} ions that are similar to the nominal crystal field in crystalline Na{sub 3}YbSi{sub 3}O{sub 9}.
Consensus of information under dynamically changing interaction topologies

This paper considers the problem of information consensus among multiple agents in the presence of limited and unreliable information exchange with dynamically changing interaction topologies. Both discrete and continuous update schemes are proposed for information consensus. The paper shows that information consensus under dynamically changing interaction topologies can be achieved asymptotically if the union of the directed interaction graphs across some time intervals has a spanning tree frequently enough as the system evolves. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our update schemes.
A survey of videodisc and interactive videodisc projects in North America: Part I

The second and concluding part of this survey reviews the range of interactive video projects undertaken by the US National Library of Medicine. The application of new technologies, primarily in radiology image management, is described, as is a modern academic interactive media laboratory with many of its educational projects. The final papers review the careful scholarly work in nursing education research and instructional design carried out by two major institutions, as well as their major educational programs.
Superradiance coherence sizes in single-molecule spectroscopy of LH2 antenna complexes

The distribution of cooperative radiative decay rates in photosynthetic aggregates is calculated using a Frenkel exciton model with static diagonal disorder. This distribution which depends on both the exciton coherence sizes and the aggregate geometry can be directly observed using single-molecule spectroscopy. Comparison is made with a dynamic exciton self-trapping (polaron) mechanism for localization.
Point process algorithm: a new Bayesian approach for TPF-I planet signal extraction

TPF-I capability for planetary signal extraction, including both detection and spectral characterization, can be optimized by taking proper account of instrumental characteristics and astrophysical prior information. We have developed the Point Process Algorithm, a Bayesian technique for estracting planetary signals using the sine/cosine chopped outputs of a dual nulling interferometer.
Trajectories of exposure to community violence and mental health symptoms among serious adolescent offenders

The present study uses longitudinal data to investigate whether differences in exposure to community violence discriminate among serious juvenile offenders in terms of mental health symptomatology for depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and hostility. Group-based modeling and moderation analyses are used to assess the influence of exposure to violence on mental health outcomes. The results demonstrate a moderating effect of psychosocial maturity and social support between exposure to community violence and adverse mental health consequences for youth on the stable low exposure trajectory. In addition, youth who experience stable high exposure to violence consistently suffer worse outcomes. The study contributes to the development of empirically derived profiles of serious youth offenders. While all of the youth in this study may face the stigma of being labeled as dangerous, some (particularly those on the chronic exposure trajectory) might find themselves in a situation where their psychological status exacerbates an already tenuous situation: reentry. Therefore, reentry services should better target the specific needs of this returning subgroup of serious youth offenders. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Mutation Testing for Java Database Applications

Database application programs are ubiquitous, so good techniques for testing them are needed. Recently, several research groups have proposed new approaches to generating tests for database applications and for assessing test data adequacy. This paper describes a mutation testing tool, JDAMA (Java Database Application Mutation Analyzer), for Java programs that interact with a database via the JDBC interface. Our approach extends the mutation testing approach for SQL by Tuya et al, by integrating it with analysis and instrumentation of the application bytecode. JDAMA's use is illustrated through a small study which uses mutation scores to compare two test generation techniques for database applications.
Characterization of Nigericin-Stimulated ATPase from Sealed Microsomal Vesicles of Tobacco Callus

To understand the function and membrane origin of ionophore-stimulated ATPases, the activity of nigericin-stimulated ATPase was characterized from a low-density microsomal fraction containing sealed vesicles of autonomous tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeous cv. Wisconsin no. 38) callus. The properties of KCl-stimulated, Mg-requiring ATPases (KCl-Mg,ATPase) were similar in the absence or presence of nigericin. Nigericin (or gramicidin) stimulation of a KCl-Mg,ATPase activity was optimum at pH 6.5 to 7.0. The enzyme was inhibited completely by N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (10 μm), tributyltin (5 μm), and partially by vanadate (200 μm), but it was insensitive to fusicoccin and mitochondrial ATPase inhibitors, such as azide (1 mm) and oligomycin (5 μg/ml). The ATPase was more sensitive to anions than cations. Cations stimulated ATPase activity with a selectivity sequence of NH4+ > K+, Rb+, Cs+, Na+, Li+ > Tris+. Anions stimulated Mg, ATPase activity with a decreasing sequence of Cl− = acetate > SO42− > benzene sulfonate > NO3−. The anion stimulation was caused partly by dissipation of the electrical potential (interior positive) by permeant anions and partly by a specific ionic effect. Plant membranes had at least two classes of nigericin-stimulated ATPases: one sensitive and one insensitive to vanadate. Many of the properties of the nigericin-sensitive, salt-stimulated Mg,ATPase were similar to a vanadate-sensitive plasma membrane ATPase of plant tissues, yet other properties (anion stimulation and vanadate insensitivity) resembled those of a tonoplast ATPase. These results support the idea that nigericin-stimulated ATPases are mainly electrogenic H+ pumps originated in part from the plasma membrane and in part from other nonmitochondrial membranes, such as the tonoplast.
A Chemoprotective Fish Oil- and Pectin-Containing Diet Temporally Alters Gene Expression Profiles in Exfoliated Rat Colonocytes throughout Oncogenesis

We have demonstrated that fish oil- and pectin-containing (FO/P) diets protect against colon cancer compared with corn oil and cellulose (CO/C) by upregulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby FO/P diets induce apoptosis and suppress proliferation during the tumorigenic process, we analyzed the temporal gene expression profiles from exfoliated rat colonocytes. Rats consumed diets containing FO/P or CO/C and were injected with azoxymethane (AOM; 2 times, 15 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously). Feces collected at initiation (24 h after AOM injection) and at aberrant crypt foci (ACF) (7 wk postinjection) and tumor (28 wk postinjection) stages of colon cancer were used for poly (A)+ RNA extraction. Gene expression signatures were determined using Codelink arrays. Changes in phenotypes (ACF, apoptosis, proliferation, and tumor incidence) were measured to establish the regulatory controls contributing to the chemoprotective effects of FO/P. At initiation, FO/P downregulated the expression of 3 genes involved with cell adhesion and enhanced apoptosis compared with CO/C. At the ACF stage, the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation was modulated by FO/P and the zone of proliferation was reduced in FO/P rats compared with CO/C rats. FO/P also increased apoptosis and the expression of genes that promote apoptosis at the tumor endpoint compared with CO/C. We conclude that the effects of chemotherapeutic diets on epithelial cell gene expression can be monitored noninvasively throughout the tumorigenic process and that a FO/P diet is chemoprotective in part due to its ability to affect expression of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation throughout all stages of tumorigenesis.
Eating disorders in military and veteran men and women: A systematic review.

Objective Eating disorders (EDs) have serious consequences for psychological and physical health. They have high mortality rates and are among the most costly disorders to treat. However, EDs remain understudied in military and veteran populations. The aim of this review was to examine prevalence estimates and associated symptomatology of EDs among military and veteran men and women and to identify factors that may put these individuals at risk for the development of an ED for the purposes of improving detection, intervention, and treatment. Method A thorough literature review was conducted using the databases PsycINFO and PubMed. All articles with a focus on EDs in military/veteran samples were considered. Results Studies reveal high prevalence estimates of EDs among military/veteran men and women. Unique features of military life may increase the risk for development of an ED, including: military sexual trauma, strict weight and physical fitness requirements, and combat exposure. A history of trauma was common in individuals diagnosed with an ED in military and veteran samples. Discussion The high rates of EDs among military and veteran samples underscore the importance of further research, as well as the importance of screening and intervention efforts, in these understudied populations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business unit relatedness and performance: A look at the pulp and paper industry

Discussions of relatedness in the strategy literature concentrate on linkages among business units in terms of key business functions such as marketing and production. While much is known about relatedness from the standpoint of corporate diversification, evidence about the relationship between relatedness and performance at the business unit level has been notably lacking. To further our understanding of the benefits and costs of relatedness, this study examined the perspectives of business unit managers to assess: (1) how the relationship between the two primary types of relatedness–production and marketing–are emphasized at the business unit level, and (2) how these types of relatedness affect business unit performance.
Spatial Processes in the Evolution of Resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt Transgenic Corn and Cotton in a Mixed Agroecosystem: a Biology-rich Stochastic Simulation Model

A simulation model is developed to examine the role of spatial processes in the evolution of resistance in Helicoverpa zea populations to Bt corn and Bt cotton. The model is developed from the stochastic spatially explicit Heliothis virescens model described by Peck et al. (1999), to accommodate a spatial mix of two host crops (corn and cotton), and to reflect the agronomic practices, as well as the spatial and temporal population dynamics of H. zea, in eastern North Carolina. The model suggests that selection for resistance is more intense in Bt cotton fields than in Bt corn fields. It further suggests that local gene frequencies are highly dependent on local deployment levels of Bt crops despite the high mobility of the adult insects. Region-wide average gene frequencies depend on the region-wide level of Bt deployment, so incomplete technology adoption slows the rate of resistance evolution. However, on a local scale, H. zea populations in clusters of fields in which Bt use is high undergo far more rapid evolution than populations in neighboring clusters of fields in which Bt use is low. The model suggests that farm-level refuge requirements are important for managing the risk of resistance. The model can be used as an aid in designing plans for monitoring for resistance by suggesting the appropriate distribution of monitoring locations, which should focus on areas of highest Bt crop deployment. The findings need to be placed in the context of the input parameters, many of which are uncertain or highly variable in nature, and therefore, a thorough sensitivity analysis is warranted.
Behavior of the Residual Wave Components in a 3D Wave Basin After the Termination of the Wave Maker

After the termination of the wave making, the characteristics of the existing wave components in a 3D large scale Offshore Engineering wave Basin (OEB) at the National Research Council of Canada have been investigated experimentally. In the generation of any wave in the tank we get the relevant primary wave components along with bounded wave components if the incident primary wave has more than one frequency. Inevitably we also get interacted wave components, natural frequency components of the tank and other free waves. In this paper the tank’s natural frequency components, bounded wave components and other free waves after the termination of wave making were investigated using several cases of mono- and bi-chromatic waves. These component energies were then compared with the total energy of the measured primary waves. The magnitudes of the residual undulations are also investigated for mono-, bi- and multi-chromatic waves over different time segments. Several sets of wave data are analysed to perceive the energy due to natural frequency of the basin, energy transferred to the side bands and the damping rate of the residual waves in the tank with respect to the chosen incident wave conditions. In the analysis it is observed that the energy damping rate varies with the incident wave condition but seems much faster than that of 20 minutes traditional waiting time in between two runs in the OEB. The energies for tank’s natural frequency components and other free waves were found to be very small compare to the incident primary wave energies.Copyright © 2015 by The Crown in Right of Canada
Antigenic and Genetic Characterization of an Avian Poxvirus Isolated from an Endangered Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis)

An avian poxvirus from cutaneous lesions in a Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis) was characterized in this study. The virus was isolated by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of developing chicken embryos. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed on histopathological examination of CAM lesions. Western blotting analysis using polyclonal antiserum against fowl poxvirus (FWPV) showed differences from FWPV, but a similar antigenic profile between Hawaiian goosepox (HGP) isolate and two previous Hawaiian poxvirus isolates were observed. Still three avian poxviruses from Hawaiian birds showed distinguishable reaction in approximately 27, 34, 35, and 81 kDa proteins when polyclonal antibodies against the Hawaiian poxvirus isolate (Alala/lanakila) were used. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of DNA of this isolate also showed differences from those of FWPV and previous avianpox isolates from Hawaiian forest birds. While nucleotide sequences of a 5.3-kb PstI-HindIII fragment of the genome of HGP isolate revealed very high homology (99% identities) with Canary poxvirus (CNPV) ORF266-274, and like CNPV, homologs of three FWPV ORFs (199, 200, and 202) including any reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) sequences are not present in the genome of HGP isolate.
Note on the n th chromatic numbers of the Gro¨tzsch graph

It is shown that the nth chromatic numbers of the Grotzsch graph provide the answer to an issue raised by Hilton, Rado, and Scott (Nanta Math.9 (1976), 152–155). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
When Research Interviews are More Therapeutic Than Therapy Interviews

This brief report presents some preliminary results of part of a study currently being conducted (Gale, 1992, May). The study is a qualitative analysis of a couple's and therapist's perspective of meaningful moments in therapy using Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) (Elliott, 1986). The methodology of this study involved the collaborators (aka: subjects) in a manner that was self-reflexive and recursive (see Steier, in press). The impact of the study was such that the research interviews themselves were reported to have greater therapeutic impact than the therapy. Following eight sessions of marital therapy, the couple reported that therapy was not helpful, and they were together only because of the children. Following the second IPR interview, which was posttherapy, the couple reported that the interview was very useful and therapeutic. This seemed to occur, in part, from three different factors. These factors include: the relationship of the couple to the researcher; the contextualization of the research talk; and clarifying procedures used by the interviewer. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the efforts and assistance of Mark Odell, Paul Gallant, Ph.D., Jennie Manders, Chandra Nagiereddy and Cheryl Williams in their work on the study. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol1/iss4/3 When Research Interviews are More Therapeutic Than Therapy Interviews
Backstage, frontstage: an analysis of work and leisure roles of women recreational softball players.

American culture and attitudes are profoundly homophobic. Studies abound that describe the violence and discrimination that traditionally have been part of a homosexual's life. Growing up “queer” in the United States prompts many homosexuals to consciously or unconsciously suppress homoerotic feelings (Forstein, 1988). The traditionally male and female identities in society are strongly connected to heterosexuality. Reality and fear that constrain a homosexual result in what Schwanberg (1993) states is a “rigidly segmented life in which one works as a straight person and plays as a gay one” (p. 47). Utilizing Goffmanian terminology, this study will explore the presentation of front and backstage selves of women recreational softball players in Alaska.
A Matrix Theoretic Construction of Magic Squares

(1972). A Matrix Theoretic Construction of Magic Squares. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 9, pp. 1004-1006.
Effect of blood sugar levels on glycogen content of hypophysis and adrenal glands.

SummaryGlycogen content of the components of hypophysis and adrenal glands is determined. In the normal rat, neurohypophy-sis contains more glycogen than does the adenohypophysis (439 vs 298 μg per 100 mg dry weight of tissue). In the alloxan-diabetic animals, the medullary glycogen content was greatly elevated. Hyperglycemia produced by glucose injection caused little change in the glycogen content of neuro- and adenohypophysis and also in the adrenal medulla, but significantly decreased that of the adrenal cortex. Fall in blood sugar levels (insulin injection) decreases the glycogen content of all the components of the hypophysis and adrenal glands. Perhaps the changes in glycogen content are related to hormonal synthesis and secretion. Although injection of ACTH causes a 27% decrease in the glycogen content of the normal rat adrenal cortex at 2 and 4 hours, no significant decrease was found in the diabetic animals at these time periods.
Investigation and analysis on occupational hazards in a copper processing plant

[Objective]To indentify the occupational hazards in a copper processing plant of Kunming City,to analyze its harmful degree and evaluate the effects of protective measures.[Methods]The field investigation and harmful factor investigation in workplace were adopted to analyze the occupational hazards and control measures.[Results]A total of 166 samples of dust and chemical toxicants were detected,the qualified rate of dust and carbon monoxide was 100% and 88. 9% respectively. The noise intensity detection results of all posts were 51. 1 dB( A)-92. 1 dB( A). The qualifed rate was 69. 2%. The WBGT index of 3 posts exceeded the national limits. Occupatinal health examination showed that blood glucose elevation was detected on 1 case which needed identification whether it was occupational contraindication,and 1 case of occupational contraindication of xylene exposure was detected. [Conclusion]The occupational protection measures adopted by this project is feasible and basically meet the occupational hazards control requirements. The main occupational hazards are carbon monoxide,noise and heat which threaten the health of workers. It is necessary to deal with the key workplace in which the occupational hazards gernerated,and strengthen the management of personal protection articles.
Aqueous Degradation of Polyamide Membrane Materials in Halogenated Environments

Model polyamide thin films were prepared through a controlled interfacial polymerization route known as molecular layer by layer (mLbL). Films were synthesized directly onto quartz crystals and subjected to halogenated aqueous environments that are known to cause degradation of the amide network. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used as the detection platform to ascertain mass loss due to degradation in real time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were also performed at various stages of the degradation sequence to elucidate the chemical and morphological changes at the surfaces respectively. Appropriate strategies for accurately comparing material degradation resistance are proposed along with modifications to the crosslinked polyamide chemistry to produce more halogen tolerant polymeric surfaces.
Micromechanical analysis of the elastoplastic response of metal matrix composites

Le modele micromecanique propose par Aboudi est utilise pour predire la reponse de deux types de composites unidirectionnels a matrice d'aluminium (bore/aluminium, graphite/aluminium) caracterises par differentes microstructures
On Data-Adaptive Waveform Design for MIMO Radar

We consider the problem of signal design for MIMO radars, where the transmit waveforms are adjusted based on the characteristics of the radar scene. A model for the radar returns which explicitly incorporates the transmit waveforms is presented. The waveforms are designed to optimize the estimation of the radar scene. An adaptive design can provide improved estimation performance compared to fixed designs such as the one employing a set of orthogonal waveforms.
Other Dictators and Their Admirers in More Recent Times

Kim Jong Il is not the playboy, womanizer, drunk and mentally deranged fanatic “Dr Evil” of our press. He is a homebody who doesn't socialize much, doesn't drink much, and works at home in his pyjamas … He most enjoys tinkering with his many music boxes, sitting on the floor … He is prudish and shy, and like most Korean fathers, hopelessly devoted to his son. Bruce Cumings Bashar [al Assad] is basically a principled man. He is very unassuming … His voice is not the commanding type, yet what he has to say holds our attention because of his appealing sincerity … he is essentially a morally sound individual, someone who has the best of intentions, even if clumsily pursued at times. David W. Lesch [H]aving created a new model of popular revolution, based for the most part on non-violent tactics, Iran may yet provide us with a desperately needed model of human governance for a third world country. Richard Falk There have been no dictators in more recent times comparable to those discussed earlier, neither in regard to their impact and historical role, nor the amount of adulation they elicited from Western intellectuals and others. Nonetheless some dictators of lesser notoriety and impact did find a smaller number of devotees, and were targets of similarly misplaced reverence. This being the case, it is safe to say that the impulses and illusions that in the past gave rise to political hero worship persist, at any rate in an attenuated form. Although the popularity of, and interest in, this miscellaneous group of dictators has been far more limited (with the exception of Hugo Chavez, who enjoyed great popularity), it is of some significance that their appeals and attractions closely resemble, and sometimes duplicate, those of the more widely admired figures of earlier times. We will be looking here at a mixed group of dictators of different personalities, beliefs, and policies, but sharing strong nationalistic sentiments. Hugo Chavez of Venezuela and Omar Torrijos of Panama were self-styled radical socialists with strong anti-American attitudes who did not perpetrate large-scale political violence or create highly repressive political systems. Torrijos was not nearly as well-known abroad and popular as Chavez, nor was he, like Chavez, an accomplished demagogue.
Telomeres and Telomerase

Eukaryotic genomes are organized into linear chromosomes which require unique systems for protecting the ends. Telomeres are end-capping structures that prevent chromosome termini from undesirable fusion events. The integrity and length of telomeres are crucial for chromosome stability. Telomere integrity is maintained by telomeric proteins that specifically coat and protect telomeric DNA. The length of telomeric DNA is maintained by the telomerase enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats onto chromosome ends from a short template sequence within its integral RNA component. Mutations that negatively affect telomerase, telomere integrity or length result in chromosome instability, cell death, and human disease.
Family Instability and Young Children's School Adjustment: Callousness and Negative Internal Representations as Mediators

This study examined the mediating roles of children's callousness and negative internal representations of family relationships in associations between family instability and children's adjustment to school in early childhood. Participants in this multimethod (i.e., survey, observations), multiinformant (i.e., parent, teacher, observer), longitudinal study included 243 preschool children (Mage = 4.60 years) and their families. Findings from the lagged, autoregressive tests of the mediational paths indicated that both children's callousness and negative internal representations of family relationships mediated longitudinal associations between family instability and children's school adjustment problems over a 2-year period (i.e., the transition from preschool to first grade). Findings are discussed in relation to the attenuation hypothesis (E. J. Susman, 2006) and emotional security theory (EST; P. T. Davies, M. A. Winter, & D. Cicchetti, 2006).
Psychopharmacologic Issues in Organ Transplantation: Part I: Pharmacokinetics in Organ Failure and Psychiatric Aspects of Immunosuppressants and Anti-infectious Agents

This article discusses pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular insufficiencies. Hepatic metabolism of psychotropic drugs and of drugs commonly used in transplant patients that have neuropsychiatric side effects is discussed. Neuropsychiatric effects of immunosuppresant agents, including cyclosporine, corticosteroids, azathioprine, OKT3, and FK 506, are reviewed. Certain infections occur more often in immunosuppressed patients; their treatment with antiviral, antifungal, and antibiotic drugs may have neuropsychiatric consequences. Because of altered drug sensitivities and metabolism, drug interactions, and severe medical illness, most drugs are used in reduced doses.
Multicultural Art Education and Social Reconstruction

In this paper, various forms of multiculturalism will be explained and related to the field of Art Education. This explanation will draw on the analysis of curriculum theorists Sleeter and Grant's (1988; 1993) five multicultural approaches found in general education. Further discussion of the relationship between various multicultural art education projects and their association with social reconstruction will be analyzed according to decisions concerning curriculum design, teaching methods, content, goals, and objectives.
The Case of EDUCO: Political-Economic Constraints and Organizational Dynamics

This chapter transitions to the empirical of focus in this book, that is, the case of the Education with Community Participation (EDUCO) program. The first section addresses the structural context that characterized El Salvador prior to the emergence of this program, in order to understand the larger enabling and constraining factors that affected this policy’s origins and trajectory. The second section then turns to characterize the organizational and strategic relational dynamics that would not only influence EDUCO’s evolution but which are also necessary to understand in order to grasp later in this book how and why EDUCO itself has been so influential. In ways that are discussed, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the World Bank, and the United Nations Education, Science, and Culture Organization (UNESCO) were integral to the case of EDUCO.
Abstract 224: Why Do Patients Decline to Participate in Heart Failure Trials?

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain the gold standard in establishing clinical efficacy. However, low patient enrollment escalates costs of conducting trials and selective enroll...
Chemical Dynamics Simulations and Scattering Experiments for O2 Collisions with Graphite

Energy transfer in collisions of O2 with a graphite surface was studied by chemical dynamics simulations. The simulations were performed for three collision energies Ei of 2.1, 7.4, and 15 kcal/mol, with the initial incident angle fixed at θi = 45°. Simulations were performed for each Ei at a surface temperature Tsurf = 300 K. For the higher surface temperature of 1177 K, a simulation was only performed for Ei = 15 kcal/mol. The following properties were determined and analyzed for the O2 + graphite collisions: (1) translational energy distributions of the scattered O2; (2) distribution of the final polar and azimuthal angle for the scattered O2; and (3) number of bounces of O2 on the surface before scattering. The average energy transferred to the graphite surface and that remaining in O2 translation, i.e., ⟨ΔEsurf⟩ and ⟨Ef⟩, exhibit a linear dependence with the initial translational energy. For the O2 + graphite scattering, the physisorption/desorption residence time distribution decays exponentially, w...
Protection of Wood-Based Materials

The complex structure of wood makes it remarkably resistant to degradation by a variety of agents, but wood will degrade under proper conditions [ Wood microbiology: decay and its prevention , 1992]. Wood degradation can be divided into damage caused by biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) agents. In many instances, biotic and abiotic damages appear similar to the naked eye and can occur on the same piece of wood, but careful examination of the wood for biotic agents and close attention to chemical changes associated with nonliving agents of deterioration can be used to delineate the causal agent.
Development of a simple and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of streptomycin in mice and its application to plasma pharmacokinetic studies.

Streptomycin was the first discovered aminoglycoside antibiotic. It has been widely applied in veterinary medicine for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection. However, the current detection methods are not satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and sample process, which makes them unsuitable for a pharmacokinetic study. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method employing positive electrospray ionization was developed and validated for the determination of streptomycin concentration in mice plasma. A simple protein precipitation method was utilized to extract streptomycin as well as the internal standard (kanamycin) from mouse plasma. This assay method was validated in terms of specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and recovery. This method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice following intramuscular administration of 200 mg/kg streptomycin. The lower limit of quantification of the developed assay method for streptomycin was 10 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision was evaluated with the coefficient of variations <14.3%, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 87.0 to 105.0%. The samples were stable under the experimental conditions. The present method provides a robust, fast and sensitive analytical approach for the quantification of streptomycin in mouse plasma and has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
The independent and coupled effects of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on biocrude production by hydrothermal liquefaction

Abstract We examined the independent and coupled effects of temperature (150–350 °C), reaction time (1–100 min), slurry concentration (30 and 120 g L rxn - 1 ), biochemical composition (5.2–28.5 wt% lipid, 14.7–50.9 wt% protein), and species identity (Nannochloropsis, Chlorella, and Spirulina) on the yield and composition of biocrude oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction. Measured properties included gravimetric yield, elemental (C, H, N, S, O, and P) composition and recovery, higher-heating value and energy recovery, and fatty-acid profile, content, and recovery. All examined factors affect the yield and composition of the biocrude, with biochemical composition and temperature exhibiting the greatest impacts. We probed the effects of slurry concentration and species identity over numerous combinations of temperature, reaction time, and biochemical composition that were previously unexamined, demonstrating the effects of both slurry concentration and species identity to be of the same order of magnitude as reaction time. Increased slurry concentration appears to promote Maillard reactions that result in increased biocrude yield, C content, and N content and decreased O content. Moreover, the extent of these Maillard reactions may be affected by the ratio of proteins to carbohydrates, with carbohydrates serving as the limiting reactant. High-lipid, 30 g L rxn - 1 slurries reacted at 300 °C for 3.2 min (including 1 min heat-up) generally yielded more biocrude with higher C and H content and lower N, S, and O content than did their high-protein, 120 g L rxn - 1 , 200 °C, or 31.6 min counterparts. This condition also provided recoveries of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biocrude of up to 89.3, 80.1, and 64.7 wt%, respectively, demonstrating for the first time that fast hydrothermal liquefaction can be an effective means of recovering high-value unsaturated fatty acids. The results and expansive experimental data herein provide a deeper level of understanding for microalgal hydrothermal liquefaction, enabling a greater extent of reaction engineering for the process than previously possible.
Twitter, Social Support Messages, and the #MeToo Movement

Since 2006 the phrase “Me Too” has been used to empower survivors of sexual abuse and assault. In October 15, 2017 the phrase spread to Twitter with the use of the hashtag by Alyssa Milano. In this content analysis of the use of the hashtag on Twitter, social support theory was applied to categorize the types of tweets communicated. The results indicated informational support messages were the most popular type of content tweeted by both individuals and organizations. The research argues for a new type of social support categorization, named directive support, to categorize messages that communicate a call for collective action to address larger issues that contribute to sexual violence and harassment. Implications related for weak-tie relationships for both victims and those who respond to them are discussed.
Comparison of Electrical Properties of Pb 0.95 La 0.05 Zr 0.54 Ti 0.46 O₃ Thin Film Capacitors Using Coplanar and Interplanar Electrode Configuration

Metal/ferroelectric/metal capacitors were fabricated using ferroelectric thin films of Pb0.95La0.05Zr0.54Ti0.46O₃. Pb0.95La0.05Zr0.54Ti0.46O₃ films were deposited on Pt/Si substrate using chemical solution deposition method and Au metal electrodes were vacuum deposited on top of these films using a shadow mask. Electrical properties of these capacitors measured in two different electrode configurations, coplanar (Au/PLZT/Au) and interplanar (Au/PLZT/Pt) showed different behavior. For coplanar electrode configuration, higher values of polarization and photovoltaic parameters were obtained under illumination. The studies suggest that both the polarization-induced electric field and interface electric field increase for coplanar configuration, which enhance the transport of photogenerated charge carriers. Electrical poling further improves the photovoltaic parameters of the capacitors, with higher values obtained from the coplanar electrode configuration. Thus, for ferroelectric based photovoltaics devices, coplanar electrode configuration combined with poling enhances the photovoltaic parameters.
Enumerating Functional HSC Clones in the Zebrafish Using Gestalt

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are functionally and genetically diverse. This diversity decreases as a function of age and with the development of myeloid neoplasia. Numerous systems have been developed to genetically “barcode” HSCs and quantify HSC clone numbers in the setting of native hematopoiesis, but no experimental and computational framework has been established to perform this analysis on a large number of biological replicates. Here we have employed the transgenic zebrafish system, Genome Editing of Synthetic Target Arrays for Lineage Tracing (GESTALT), to develop a framework scaled to permit the investigation of putative oncogenes or niche factors with moderate to small effect sizes. The GESTALT line carries a single copy of an array of 10 tandem CRISPR target sites that is highly variable after being repaired by non-homologous end joining. GESTALT embryos were injected with sgRNAs and Cas9 protein to generate genetic barcodes at the GESTALT locus. Fifty-six zebrafish were raised to adulthood and GESTALT variants were read from a sample of peripheral blood by amplicon sequencing. In a training set of 35 fish we developed a computational model to discriminate informative barcodes from uninformative GESTALT variants in each sample. This model identifies variants shared among samples and excludes them as uninformative. Experimentally-defined thresholds were used to minimize inter-sample correlation (mean Pearson Correlation Coefficient = 0.0021) while maximizing the number of retained informative barcodes in each sample. Bootstrapping and k-means clustering were used to classify samples with a high or low fraction of informative (FI) barcodes (FI cutoff = 0.65). 24 samples within the training set were classified in the High-FI group (mean FI = 0.93 ± 0.02, compared to 0.40 ± 0.04 in the Low-FI group). We then evaluated 3 methods of quantifying GESTALT HSC clones from all sequenced barcodes in the High-FI samples and found that counting barcodes with a VAF>0.02 produced the most normal distribution across the training set (Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, W = 0.95, p = 0.21). 4.3 ± 0.38 GESTALT HSC clones were detected in the training set. In an independent validation set of 21 samples, the number of GESTALT HSC clones was 3.4 ± 0.55, (p = 0.2). This study provides the largest reference dataset to date for HSC genetic barcoding experiments in the zebrafish and addresses the validity of barcode sequences, sample selection and clone enumeration in a systematic, objective way. The GESTALT barcoding system and our analysis framework compare favorably with other methods of studying HSC clonal diversity under conditions of native hematopoiesis in terms of scale, cost, labor and barcode validity. Future studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of HSC clonal evolution in the context of health, ageing and disease will benefit from this framework for enumerating functional HSC clones. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
One Buzzy Evening (2017) for tenor trombone and percussion

One Buzzy Evening (2017) for tenor trombone and percussion is a creative musicological work that explores the gradual transformation of limited motivic ideas, both rhythmic and melodic. Moving from a percussive sound world to a mixture with melodic sounds, the piece attains structural logic by foregrounding its dialogic character in the form of call and response and/or imitations, as well as through pointillism. It simulates the Kiganda xylophone technique in the vibraphone and, more interestingly, employs a distorted version of a pentatonic scale. In doing so, the piece blends indigenous Kiganda musical idioms and processes, as well as Western techniques, while intentionally concealing the former.
Laminar Microjet Diffusion Flame Response to Transverse Acoustic Excitation

The present experiments focused on the response of burning gaseous fuel jets to prescribed transverse acoustic excitation as a means of exploring the coupling of reactive, acoustic, and flow proces...
Formalin pigment artifact deposition in autopsy tissue: predisposing factors, patterns of distribution and methods for removal

Formalin pigment deposition is a known artifact of autopsy histology, often anecdotally associated with decomposition of bodies. However, there is minimal data within the forensic literature demonstrating an association between formalin pigment deposition and length of postmortem interval. Furthermore, there is minimal data concerning other predisposing factors and patterns of distribution of formalin pigment deposition. In this study, we compare the amount and patterns of formalin deposition on histology slides from three categories of death: 1) decomposed bodies, 2) critically ill at time of death, and 3) sudden cardiac death. We also compare the effectiveness of two relatively simple histology laboratory methods to remove formalin pigment deposition from histology slides. Amongst the three categories of death, formalin deposition was highest in the decomposed category, second highest in the critically ill category, and lowest in the sudden cardiac death category. The organs most severely affected by formalin deposition were liver/spleen/pancreas and kidneys, and the organs least affected were brain and lung. Formalin pigment deposition correlated with length of postmortem interval. Histologic patterns of formalin deposition included the endothelial lining of vessels, perinuclear compartment of neurons and myocytes, and the basal epithelial compartment of renal tubular epithelial cells. The alcoholic ammonium hydroxide method (AAH) was slightly more effective than the alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) method for removing formalin pigment, though both methods were effective. Because formalin pigment is strongly refractile under polarized light, a polarization filter can also be useful for distinguishing formalin pigment from other pigments.