cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zero duality gap for classical opf problem convexifies fundamental nonlinear power problems

Most of the fundamental optimization problems for power systems are highly non-convex and NP-hard (in the worst case), partially due to the nonlinearity of certain physical quantities, e.g. active power, reactive power and magnitude of voltage. The classical optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of such problems, which has been studied for half a century. Recently, we obtained a condition under which the duality gap is zero for the classical OPF problem and hence a globally optimal solution to this problem can be found efficiently by solving a semidefinite program. This zero-duality-gap condition is satisfied for IEEE benchmark systems and holds widely in practice due to the physical properties of transmission lines. The present paper studies the case when there are other common sources of non-convexity, such as variable shunt elements, variable transformer ratios and contingency constraints. It is shown that zero duality gap for the classical OPF problem implies zero duality gap for a general OPF-based problem with these extra sources of non-convexity. This result makes it possible to find globally optimal solutions to several fundamental power problems in polynomial time.
The Phosphoryl Transfer Domain of UhpB Interacts with the Response Regulator UhpA

Bacterial two-component regulatory systems control the expression of target genes through regulated changes in protein phosphorylation. Signal reception alters the ability of a membrane-bound histidine kinase (HK) protein to transfer phosphate from ATP to a highly conserved histidine residue. The transfer of phosphate from the histidine to an aspartate residue on the cognate response regulator (RR) changes the ability of the latter protein to bind to target DNA sequences and to alter gene transcription. UhpB is the HK protein which controls production of the sugar phosphate transporter UhpT. Elevated expression of full-length UhpB or of a soluble hybrid protein, GST-Bc, which is glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the cytoplasmic C-terminal portion of UhpB, results in complete blockage of uhpT expression in a uhp+ strain. This dominant-negative interference could result from the ability of GST-Bc to bind and sequester the RR UhpA and to accelerate its dephosphorylation. The portion of GST-Bc responsible for the interference phenotype was localized using truncation, linker insertion, and point mutations to the region between residues 293 and 366 flanking His-313, the putative site of autophosphorylation. Point mutations which allow GST-Bc to activate uhpT expression or which relieve the interference phenotype were obtained at numerous sites throughout this region. This region of UhpB is related to the phosphoryl transfer domain of EnvZ, which forms half of an interdimer four-helix bundle and is responsible for dimerization of its cytoplasmic domain. The expression of GST fusion proteins carrying the corresponding portions of EnvZ strongly interfered with the activation of porin gene expression by OmpR. The GST-Bc protein accelerated dephosphorylation of P-UhpA. Reverse transfer of phosphate from P-UhpA to GST-Bc was observed in the presence of the metal chelator EDTA and depended on the presence of His-313. Phosphate transfer from P-UhpA to the liberated phosphoryl transfer domain also occurred. Taken together, these results indicate that the phosphoryl transfer-dimerization domain of UhpB participates in the specific binding of UhpA, in the control of autokinase activity, and in the dephosphorylation of P-UhpA.
An Activity Test for Cheddar and Cottage Cheese Starters

Summary 1. A simple, rapid test for activity of cheddar and cottage cheese cultures is described. 2. The method involves inoculation of 3 per cent of the starter culture to an autoclaved reconstituted non-fat dry milk solids medium and titration of acidity after 3.5 hr. incubation at 37.8° C. 3. The results indicate that the new activity test is reasonably accurate and consistent and is sufficiently simple to be applied readily to plant conditions. It has been employed in a number of cheddar cheese plants for more than 4 yr. and has been a valuable aid in reducing incidence of slow acid production.
Persuasion in International Politics: A Rationalist Account

Governments offer us the promise of rewards or the threats of punishment to secure favorable international bargains, but they also draw on reasoned arguments to convince their bargaining partners to accept mutually beneficial agreements. Works that have studied such attempts at persuasion hold that it is most likely to succeed when the states involved share important normative values or are uncertain about what is the “right” action to take. Drawing on rational choice theory of strategic communication, this study seeks to expand understanding the conditions under which attempts at persuasion in international politics succeed or fail. Persuasion can occur for reasons other than shared values; under some conditions, one state can persuade another by altering the latter's beliefs about the rewards associated with available foreign policy options.
Cloud Classification of Satellite Radiance Data by Multicategory Support Vector Machines

Abstract Two-category support vector machines (SVMs) have become very popular in the machine learning community for classification problems and have recently been shown to have good optimality properties for classification purposes. Treating multicategory problems as a series of binary problems is common in the SVM paradigm. However, this approach may fail under a variety of circumstances. The multicategory support vector machine (MSVM), which extends the binary SVM to the multicategory case in a symmetric way, and has good theoretical properties, has recently been proposed. The proposed MSVM in addition provides a unifying framework when there are either equal or unequal misclassification costs, and when there is a possibly nonrepresentative training set. Illustrated herein is the potential of the MSVM as an efficient cloud detection and classification algorithm for use in Earth Observing System models, which require knowledge of whether or not a radiance profile is cloud free. If the profile is not clou...
Trends in Optical Switches, Limiters and Discriminators

We review many of the optical devices exploiting nonlinear optical and electro-optic effects which fall within the general categories of switches, limiters and discriminators.
Use of technology in the management of cancer pain

The purpose of this study was to explore issues surrounding pharmacologic therapies used with advanced pain technology (APT) for cancer pain management. This study used a multi-site audit of randomly selected charts of patients advanced from oral analgesics to either patient controlled analgesia (PCA) or continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of opioids. A chart audit tool was developed and tested to establish reliability and validity. One hundred and thirty-six (136) chart audits were completed across nine acute care settings in three states. Data is also provided from a questionnaire mailed to health care professionals regarding the use of pain technology (N = 442). Study findings illustrate inconsistent indications for “high tech” strategies and important clinical implications for interventions such as PCA. Clinicians caring for patients with pain have an opportunity to develop standards for use of pain technology which can impact health policy and insure patient comfort.
Consolidation of Boards of Contract Appeals: An Old Idea Whose Time Has Come?

In March, 2002, President Bush proposed consolidating the eight existing federal civilian agency boards of contract appeals into a single civilian board as part of a comprehensive, thirteen-part program to help the nation's small businesses. The Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals would not be affected. Juxtapositioned alongside the administration proposal were two draft bills sponsored by the Chairman of the House Small Business Committee, which would create two new special panels, one for civilian agencies and the other for the Defense Department, while retaining the multiple existing boards. The Panels would hear appeals of contract disputes involving only small businesses. Although no formal action has been taken on either proposal, this article offers background, insight, and empirical data relevant to these contract dispute resolution initiatives. Initially, the article considers whether a sufficient small business appeals workload exists to warrant a radical departure from the current disputes resolution system and whether small businesses truly are disadvantaged in processing appeals before multiple agency boards. The author concludes that no empirical basis exists for adding or subtracting administrative tribunals for the benefit of small businesses when premised only on disparity or complexity in existing board rules. The article next examines the dramatic decline in the contract appeals workload during the past 15 years. Board workload statistics suggest that only two of the current agency boards of contract appeals meet the criteria of OFPP Policy Letter 79-2 for their continued establishment. The author recommends consolidation of all civilian agency boards into a single board. Such consolidation would increase management efficiency, judicial economy, and eliminate the multiple sets of Board Rules with their perceived disadvantages to small businesses. The article concludes with a proposed course of action for implementing a newly constituted Civilian Board of Contract Appeals in FY 2005.
Whole-field Displacement Measurement Techniques for Thermal Deformation Analyses of Electronic Packages

Features and recent developments of various photomechanics methods are reviewed for thermal deformation analyses of electronic packages. Applications to diverse problems are illustrated to demonstrate wide applicability of the methods. The whole-field displacement information, with various sensitivity and resolution scales, is ideally suited for the deformation study of a broad range of problems in deformation analyses of electronic packaging. The methods are mature and they can be practiced routinely. A more extensive range of applications are anticipated.
The Birth Pangs of the Big Bang in the Light of BICEP

BICEP is the first polarimeter developed to measure the inflationary B-mode polarization of the CMB. During three seasons of observing at the South Pole, Antarctica beginning in 2006, BICEP mapped 2% of the sky chosen to be clean of polarized foreground emission. I discuss initial results derived from a subset of the data acquired during the first two years and the unique design features of BICEP which led to the first meaningful limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio to come from B-mode polarization alone. Over the coming decade, BICEP’s design and performance will influence future measurements of the inflationary gravitational wave background.
Combining Metabolic Pathway Design and Retrosynthetic Planning for the Design of a Novel Semisynthetic Manufacturing Scheme for Paclitaxel

Using the example of paclitaxel, this paper expounds how retrosynthetic analysis can be combined with metabolic pathway design to devise novel semisynthetic schemes for manufacturing natural products. The analytical framework presented herein leverages the latest developments in chem- and bioinformatics, metabolic engineering, and retrosynthetic planning, and the proposed schemes commence with the microbially aided synthesis of an advanced intermediate that is then recruited for target-oriented synthesis (TOS). A technoeconomic analysis of the scheme devised using bioretrosynthetic analysis for manufacturing paclitaxel suggests that the new process competes favorably with the current route for producing paclitaxel. Additionally, since TOS can access precise regions of chemical space, either a single molecule or a small assortment of molecules exhibiting minor variations on a chemical theme, bioretrosynthesis also doubles as a tool for drug discovery.
Neurotransmitter related immunocytochemistry of the human central nervous system.

Immunocytochemical methods permit the precise anatomical study of neurotransmitter specific pathways in the human brain. It has been possible using antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to provide an atlas of human catecholaminergic (CA) neurons. A striking increase in complexity of CA neurons is seen in the human mesencephalon when compared with lower animals. Not only synthetic enzymes but also neurotransmitters themselves can be detected. Antibodies to the putative transmitter peptide substance P reveal its presence in axons and terminals. Areas of apparent interaction between systems can be studied and may give indications of distinct subdivisions within nuclei.
With or without Characteristics

In this chapter Nāgārjuna argues that the characterization or description of anything is empty. He classifies all things into the characterizable ( Open image in new window k’o hsiang) and characteristics ( Open image in new window hsiang). Metaphysically, the distinction between the two is a distinction between substance and attribute. Grammatically, it is a distinction between a subject and a predicate. Linguistically, it is a distinction between the part of a sentence which serves to identify or designate an object being discussed and that part which serves to describe or characterize the object. Nāgārjuna points out that one who indulges in conceptualization and has the dualistic way of thinking, e.g., divides things into those with characteristics and those without characteristics or into the characterizable and characteristics, will not have an accurate perception and understanding of reality.
Transformation of the coordination complex [Co(C3S5)2]2− from a molecular magnet to a potential qubit

Mononuclear transition metal complexes demonstrate significant potential in the divergent applications of spintronics and quantum information processing. The facile tunability of these complexes enables structure function correlations for a plethora of relevant magnetic quantities. We present a series of pseudotetrahedral [Co(C3S5)2]2− complexes with varying deviations from D2d symmetry to investigate the influence of structural distortions on spin relaxation dynamics and qubit viability, as tuned by the variable transverse magnetic anisotropy, E. To overcome the traditional challenge of measuring E in species where D ≫ E, we employed a different approach of harnessing ac magnetic susceptibility to probe the emergence of quantum tunneling of magnetization as a proxy for E. Across the range of values for E in the series, we observe magnetic hysteresis for the smallest value of E. The hysteresis disappears with increasing E, concomitant with the appearance of an observable, low frequency (L-band) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal, indicating the potential to controllably shift the molecule's utilization from classical to quantum information processing applications. The development of design principles for molecular magnet information processing requires separate design principles for classical versus quantum regimes. Here we show for the first time how subtle structural changes can switch the utility of a complex between these two types of applications.
Microfilming of Historical Seismograms from the Mount Hamilton (Lick) seismographic station

abstract The seismograms from the Mount Hamilton, California, seismographic station were microfilmed as part of the Historical Seismogram Filming Project. All of the available smoked paper and photograpic seismograms from the Mount Hamilton station (more than 35,000 from 6 June 1911 through 30 June 1962) were prepared and microfilmed onsite at the University of California, Berkeley. The preparation time averaged 2 man-minutes/seismogram, and the overall cost averaged out to $1.05/seismogram.
COMPETITIVE-COOPERATIVE PROCESSES AND STABILITY OF DIFFUSION SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the extension of the stability analysis of random competitive-cooperative processes to the stability analysis of competitive processes of the diffusion type. The stability results include the stability analysis of multispecies community models under white-noise excitations. The chapter discusses the stability analysis of linear, nonlinear, and hierarchic competitive-cooperative processes of diffusion type. It also describes the scope of the stability analysis of competitive-cooperative diffusion processes with the illustration of several well-known examples of competitive-cooperative diffusion processes in biological, medical, physical, and social sciences, namely, chemical systems, ecosystems, genetic systems, pharamacological systems, physiological systems, economic systems, armament systems, psychological systems, and social systems. For competitive processes of diffusion type, the linear systems of differential equations represent the simplest mathematical formulation for such processes. Most of the competitive cooperative processes in biological, physical, and social systems are nonlinear and nonstationary. The chapter discusses the stability analysis of such systems by employing advanced mathematical techniques.
Global Attractor for a Low Order ODE Model Problem for Transition to Turbulence

Many researchers have studied simple low order ODE model problems for fluid flows in order to gain new insight into the dynamics of complex fluid flows. We investigate the existence of a global attractor for a low order ODE system that has served as a model problem for transition to turbulence in viscous incompressible fluid flows. The ODE system has a linear term and an energy-conserving, non-quadratic nonlinearity. Standard energy estimates show that solutions remain bounded and converge to a global attractor when the linear term is negative definite, that is, the linear term is energy decreasing; however, numerical results indicate the same result is true in some cases when the linear term does not satisfy this condition. We give a new condition guaranteeing solutions remain bounded and converge to a global attractor even when the linear term is not energy decreasing. We illustrate the new condition with examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris-a retrospective two-center cohort study.

Objectives Few studies have compared oral mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Descriptive analysis of oral features, extent of extra-oral involvement, and management outcomes were performed. Subjects and Methods Patients with PV and MMP, the latter with exclusive oral involvement at first presentation, were included. Results There were 26 MMP (46%) and 31 PV (54%) patients. Desquamative gingivitis was evident in 84% of MMP cases compared to 28% of PV cases (P < 0.05). Non-gingival lesions were noted in 6% of MMP cases compared to 55% of PV cases (P < 0.01). Management of MMP consisted of only topical corticosteroids in 88% of cases while 12% of cases required concomitant systemic therapy. All PV cases (100%) required systemic therapy. No patients with MMP developed scarring or ocular lesions, and one patient (4%) developed cutaneous lesions. Five PV cases (16%) had oral cavity involvement only with three (60%) developing pharyngeal involvement and two (40%) developing cutaneous lesions on follow-up. Conclusion Oral MMP presents primarily as desquamative gingivitis, infrequently involving extragingival sites, and is highly amenable to topical therapy, while PV is a systemic mucocutaneous disease with extensive non-gingival oral lesions that almost always requires systemic therapy.
Wrong Paths to Right: Wrongdoing and Right-Doing in the Context of Moral Orders vs Moral Pursuits

The literature on organizational wrongdoing is extensive, but tends to assume that the moral terrain in organizations is divided by a clear red line, with right-doing on one side and wrongdoing on ...
Interhospital Transfer of Acute Trauma Patients: How Long Does it Take and how is the Time Spent?:

BackgroundTrauma patients in rural areas are frequently transferred to regional trauma centers for expeditious evaluation and management of potentially life-threatening injuries. We sought to characterize how long the process takes, once it has begun, for acutely injured patients to be transferred from emergency departments (EDs) of referring hospitals to trauma centers and how the time is spent.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multi-institutional case series study. We reviewed records of acutely injured trauma patients transferred from the EDs of 114 outlying hospitals to the EDs of three Level I or II regional trauma centers over a 12–24 month period. We calculated the duration of the transfer process and its component time intervals (reported as the mean ± standard deviation).ResultsAmong 1099 patients transferred from 114 referring hospitals, the mean Injury Severity Score was 11.6. Mortality was 5.9%. Half of all transfers were by ground ambulance, 36% by helicopter, and 13% by airplane. The mean ...
Incentivizing Consumer Sharing in Social Media: The Role of Audience Size: An Abstract

A key issue in social media marketing is insufficient consumer participation and engagement. Most economic exchanges which are used to stimulate social sharing failed to consider the social dynamics of the social media environment. This research aims to answer the following research question: how can companies target different conditions with different incentives to maximize consumer sharing through social media? The experimental study was conducted. The findings of the study show that non-monetary incentives are more effective when sharing to a wide audience is requested, but incentive type does not make a difference when sharing is limited to specific individuals.
Conjugation of Specifically Developed Antibodies for High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenins with Fluorescent Quantum Dots as a Tool for Their Detection in Wheat Flour Dough

The importance of gluten proteins, gliadins and glutenins, is well-known in the quality of wheat products. To gain more specific information about the role of glutenins in wheat dough, the two major subunits of glutenin, high- and low-molecular-weight (HMW and LMW) glutenins, were extracted, isolated, and identified by mass spectrometry. Antibodies for HMW and LMW glutenins were developed using the proteomic information on the characterized glutenin subunits. The antibodies were found to be specific to each subunit by western immunoblots and were then conjugated to quantum dots (QDs) using site-click conjugation, a new method to keep antibody integrity. A fluorescence-link immunosorbent assay tested the successful QD conjugation. The QD-conjugated antibodies were applied to dough samples, where they recognized glutenin subunits and were visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope.
A Synthesis of 2’-Fluoro- and 3’-Fluoro-Substituted Purine Nucleosides via a Direct Approach

There are many examples of purine nucleosides fluorinated in the 2′- and 3′ -positions of the sugar moiety (Figure 1) that are making an impact in chemistry, biochemistry, and drug development.
The Cardiologist's Theorem.

A COLLEAGUE from the biomedicai engineering department here at Drexel walked into my office recently with a prob lem in trigonometry. I was surprised, for I knew that his current research interests were in the field of cardiology; in particu lar, he is working on methods for improv ing and refining the data that the cardiolo gist obtains from an electrocardiogram. He explained that the cardiologist does more than just "read" the electrocardiogram: he also measures the heights of, and the dis tances between, the various peaks that ap pear. And it was with regard to such meas urements that the above-mentioned trigonometry problem had arisen. The actual problem is as follows: The heights of certain peaks are measured; we shall call these values a and b. Also, depen dent on where the electrodes were attached to the patient (ankle, wrist, and so on), there is a certain angle associated with the given electrocardiogram; we shall call it 0. Then a, b, and 0, the angle determined by a and b, are taken as the basis for the vector diagram shown in figure l. What is then
Analysis of Activating GCM2 Sequence Variants in Sporadic Parathyroid Adenomas.

Context Sporadic, solitary parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Apart from germline variants in certain cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes and occasionally in MEN1, CASR, or CDC73, little is known about possible genetic variants in the population that may confer increased risk for development of typical sporadic adenoma. Transcriptionally activating germline variants, especially within in the C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain (CCID) of glial cells missing 2 (GCM2), encoding a transcription factor required for parathyroid gland development, have recently been reported in association with familial and sporadic PHPT. Objective To evaluate the potential role of specific GCM2 activating variants in sporadic parathyroid adenoma. Design and patients Regions encoding hyperparathyroidism-associated, activating GCM2 variants were PCR amplified and sequenced in genomic DNA from 396, otherwise unselected, cases of sporadic parathyroid adenoma. Results Activating GCM2 CCID variants (p.V382M and p.Y394S) were identified in six of 396 adenomas (1.52%), and a hyperparathyroidism-associated GCM2 non-CCID activating variant (p.Y282D) was found in 20 adenomas (5.05%). The overall frequency of tested activating GCM2 variants in this study was 6.57%, approximately threefold greater than their frequency in the general population. Conclusions The examined, rare CCID variants in GCM2 were enriched in our cohort of patients and appear to confer a moderately increased risk of developing sporadic solitary parathyroid adenoma compared with the general population. However, penetrance of these variants is low, suggesting that the large majority of individuals with such variants will not develop a sporadic parathyroid adenoma.
Similarities and differences in the correlates of comorbidities in US male and female adult cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVES To determine both the common and the sex-specific correlates of comorbidities in adult male and female cancer survivors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SAMPLE Male (n = 667) and female (n = 772) cancer survivors 20 years of age and older. MEASUREMENTS Questionnaire responses from NHANES provided data for this study. Comorbidities were assessed using a modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of comorbidities in male and female cancer survivors separately. RESULTS The mean modified CCI score was 3.88 in males and 3.68 in females. Having a greater number of cancers diagnosed, being currently or formerly married, being physically inactive, having lower socioeconomic status, and being a former smoker were significant correlates of comorbidities in both males and females. Having a prostate cancer diagnosis was also a significant correlate of comorbidities in males. White race, more years since first cancer diagnosis, being overweight or obese, and having no more than a high school education were also significant correlates of comorbidities in females. CONCLUSIONS There are differences between correlates of comorbidities in male and female cancer survivors.
Tetragonal phosphorus(v) cations as tunable and robust catalytic Lewis acids.

The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported. Corrole-based phosphorus(v) cations of the type [ArP(cor)][B(C6F5)4] (Ar = C6H5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3; cor = 5,10,15-(C6H5)3corrolato3-, 5,10,15-(C6F5)3corrolato3-) were synthesized and characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction. The visible electronic absorption spectra of these cationic phosphacorroles depend strongly on the coordination environment at phosphorus, and their Lewis acidities are quantified by spectrophotometric titrations. DFT analyses establish that the character of the P-acceptor orbital comprises P-N antibonding interactions in the basal plane of the phosphacorrole. Consequently, the cationic phosphacorroles display unprecedented stability to water and alcohols while remaining highly active and robust Lewis acid catalysts for carbonyl hydrosilylation, Csp3 -H bond functionalization, and carbohydrate deoxygenation reactions.
Failure prediction in self-sensing nanocomposites via genetic algorithm-enabled piezoresistive inversion:

Conductive nanocomposites have been explored extensively for structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their self-sensing nature via the piezoresistive effect. Combined with a non-invasive conducti...
Exploiting Partial Structural Symmetry for Patient-Specific Image Augmentation in Trauma Interventions

In unilateral pelvic fracture reductions, surgeons attempt to reconstruct the bone fragments such that bilateral symmetry in the bony anatomy is restored. We propose to exploit this “structurally symmetric” nature of the pelvic bone, and provide intra-operative image augmentation to assist the surgeon in repairing dislocated fragments. The main challenge is to automatically estimate the desired plane of symmetry within the patient’s pre-operative CT. We propose to estimate this plane using a non-linear optimization strategy, by minimizing Tukey’s biweight robust estimator, relying on the partial symmetry of the anatomy. Moreover, a regularization term is designed to enforce the similarity of bone density histograms on both sides of this plane, relying on the biological fact that, even if injured, the dislocated bone segments remain within the body. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in estimating this “plane of partial symmetry” using CT images of both healthy and injured anatomy. Examples of unilateral pelvic fractures are used to show how intra-operative X-ray images could be augmented with the forward-projections of the mirrored anatomy, acting as objective road-map for fracture reduction procedures.
Rationing with time: time-cost ordeals’ burdens and distributive effects

Individuals often face administrative hurdles in attempting to access health care, public programmes, and other legal statuses and entitlements. These ordeals are the products, directly or indirectly, of institutional and policy design choices. I argue that evaluating whether such ordeals are justifiable or desirable instruments of social policy depends on assessing, beyond their targeting effects, the process-related burdens they impose on those attempting to navigate them and these burdens’ distributive effects. I here examine specifically how ordeals that levy time costs reduce and constrain individuals’ free time, and how such time-cost ordeals may thereby create, deepen and compound disadvantages.
Risk Management for 4-H Youth Development Work: Risk Management Checklist

This is one publication in the series Risk Management for 4-H Youth Development Work. This series is intended to prepare UF/IFAS Extension county faculty, staff, volunteers, and youth to satisfactorily complete the important task of providing best practices in risk management strategies. This 4-page document provides a checklist that will help during 4-H event and activity planning. Written by Dale Pracht, Paula Davis, Stefanie Prevatt, Janet Psikogios, and Sarah Hensley and published by the UF/IFAS 4-H Youth Development Department, March 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h384
Strength in Numbers: A Field Experiment in Gender, Influence, and Group Dynamics

Policy interventions to increase women's presence in the workforce and leadership positions vary in their intensity, with some including a lone or token woman and others setting higher quotas. However, little is known about how the resulting group gender compositions influence individuals' experiences and broader workplace dynamics. In this paper, we investigate whether token women are disadvantaged compared to women on majority-women mixed-gender teams. We conducted a multi-year field experiment with a top-10 undergraduate accounting program that randomized the gender composition of semester-long teams. Using laboratory, survey, and administrative data, we find that even after accounting for their proportion of the group, token women are seen as less influential by their peers and are less likely to be chosen to represent the group than women on majority-women teams. Token women also participate slightly less in group discussions and receive less credit when they do. Women's increased authority in majority-women teams is driven primarily by men's behavior, not homophily or self-assessment. We find that over time, the gap in general assessments of influence between token and other women shrinks, but this improvement does not carry over to task-specific assessments. Finally, predictors of future grades are different for token women than for other participants, and regardless of treatment condition, women's task expertise is incorporated into group decisions less often than men's. Our findings have implications for team assignments in male-dominated settings and cast significant doubt on the idea that token women can solve influence gaps by "leaning in."
Spatial neglect is causally linked to an attention-related area in macaque temporal cortex

Spatial neglect is a common clinical syndrome involving disruption of the brain9s attention-related circuitry, including the dorsocaudal temporal cortex. While neglect is readily modeled in macaques, the absence of evidence for temporal cortex involvement has suggested a fundamental difference from humans. To map the neurological expression of spatial neglect in macaques, we measured attention-related fMRI activity across the cerebral cortex during experimental induction of neglect through reversible inactivation of the superior colliculus. During inactivation, monkeys exhibited hallmark attentional deficits of neglect in tasks using either moving or static stimuli. The behavioral deficits were accompanied by marked reductions in fMRI attentional modulation that were strongest in a small region on the floor of the superior temporal sulcus. Notably, direct inactivation of this mid-STS cortical region caused similar neglect-like spatial attention deficits. These results identify a putative macaque homolog to temporal cortex structures known to play a central role in human neglect.
Zombie Sovereignty: Dead Idea, Eternal Life?

Don Herzog‘s new book exhorts its readers to face up to tough facts about the doctrine, purpose, and practice of sovereignty—and the irrelevance of that concept to legal argument. For anyone whose calling is to teach and develop the primary constitutional precepts aimed at taming state power—limiting it, dividing it, and making it accountable—Herzog’s book is a hair-raiser of a read, especially in light of the last four years of headlines. It is also a good text for anyone interested in political theory or constitutional doctrine.
Smart Inverters' Functionalities and their Impacts on Distribution Feeders at High Photovoltaic Penetration

There has been a consistent rise in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Several studies have reported the impacts of this increase on the distribution networks such as reverse power flow, voltage fluctuations, possible increase in system losses amongst others. With this rise in PV penetration level, it becomes necessary for grid tied smart inverters (SI) to be allowed to participate in feeder voltage regulation. Till date, no comprehensive technical review and analysis has been done on the impact and interaction of existing and proposed SI settings on the existing legacy voltage control devices. This paper presents a novel technical review and analysis of some voltage regulation settings of SIs and their impacts on distribution feeders including their interaction with legacy devices such as capacitors, on/off Load Tap Changers, their impact on the feeder losses, harmonic effects and economic impacts (expressed as the device cost factor) and circuit impact index (CII). The analysis of these functionalities is done using the standard IEEE 8500 distribution feeder (modeled using OpenDSS and MATLAB), integrated with six PVs (based on real PV parameters and data), and strategically located with actual irradiance and temperature profile from a 1.4MW PV plant located at FIU. These PV locations were carefully selected to allow for detailed impact studies. The results show how the various SI functions impact the reactive power injection and switching of the capacitor banks, the voltage regulator switching, the losses in the feeder, the harmonic and the CII. The Volt-Watt with rise/fall rate-of-change limiting setting showed the least impact in terms of the CII, voltage regulator tapping and capacitor switching but with high amount of losses compared to other SI functions.
Cognitive and emotional responses to pictorial warning labels and their association with quitting measures after continued exposure.

Abstract Objective Previous research has highlighted the role of cognitive and affective mediators in facilitating the effectiveness of pictorial warning labels (PWLs). This study examines smokers’ responses towards PWLs after 10 days of use and their associations with changes in quitting attitudes, beliefs, and intentions during this period. Methods Non-treatment-seeking, daily smokers completed a randomized, parallel design trial. Participants were randomized to either a PWL or control (i.e., text only or no warning label) group and received their preferred brand cigarettes affixed with their assigned label for 10 days. We assessed quitting attitudes, intentions, and beliefs at the onset and end of the study. At study end, smokers rated their PWL on a 5-point scale for 8 cognitive and emotional attributes: memorable, understandable, shocking, informative, offensive, boring, relevant, and interesting. Results Mean ratings of the PWLs were high for memorable, understandable, informative, relevant, and interesting (range = 3.4 to 4.0), moderate for shocking (2.9), and low for offensive (1.7), and boring (1.5). Among the PWLs, quitting-related attitudes, positive beliefs, and intentions increased over the study period (p Conclusion Smokers generally have favorable evaluations of PWLs following repeated exposures. Further, these evaluations are associated with increased quitting attitudes and intentions, which may facilitate cessation attempts over longer periods of exposure.
Lares, Tribunais e Ruas: A Inviolabilidade de Domicílio e a Revolta da Vacina / Homes, Courts and Streets: The Inviolability of the Home and the Vaccine Revolt

DOI: 10.12957/dep.2015.16529 Resumo O artigo se baseia em jornais, manuais de direito, revistas juridicas e autos processuais do inicio do seculo XX para estabelecer uma relacao entre ideias e praticas juridicas e a Revolta da Vacina. O argumento central e de que a lei de vacinacao que desencadeou a Revolta fazia parte de um contexto maior, no qual o Regulamento Sanitario autorizava agentes sanitarios a invadir residencias, inclusive com a ajuda da policia, para realizar expurgos contra doencas contagiosas. Trabalhadores, proprietarios, comerciantes e advogados buscaram defender suas residencias contra os abusos da Saude Publica. Antes e depois da Revolta, o direito constitucional a inviolabilidade de domicilio fez parte de uma consciencia juridica contraria aos expurgos e a vacinacao, que se concretizou no uso da linguagem juridica como canal de resistencia dentro e fora dos tribunais. Palavras-chave: Inviolabilidade de domicilio, Revolta da Vacina, consciencia juridica Abstract This article relies on early-20th century newspapers, legal treatises, law reviews, and cases to establish a connection between legal ideas and practices and the 1904 Vaccine Revolt. The central argument is that the mandatory vaccination law, which triggered the Revolt, was part of a broader context in which the Sanitary Decree authorized sanitary agents to invade residences, with police support, in order to decontaminate them. Workers, property owners, businessmen, and lawyers sought to defend their homes against the Public Health Authority’s abuses. Before and after the Revolt, the constitutional right to the inviolability of the home was part of a legal consciousness against decontaminations and vaccination, which was concretized in the use of legal language as a channel of resistance inside and outside of the courts. Keywords: Inviolability of the home, Vaccine Revolt, legal consciousness
Leniency Effects on Convergent and Discriminant Validity for Grouped Questionnaire Items: A Further Investigation

Two previous investigations revealed that grouping (rather than randomizing) questionnaire items measuring similar constructs (in subsections) resulted in impaired discriminant validity (Schrie-sheim and DeNisi, 1980) and that grouping also strengthened the impact of leniency response bias (Schriesheim, 1981). This study reanalyzed the data of the two earlier investigations to determine whether the impairment of the discriminant validity of the grouped questionnaire items might be due to spurious correlations attributable to leniency. The responses of thirty discount store employees to a questionnaire containing grouped items measuring leniency in leader behavior descriptions (Schriesheim, 1980) and four similar constructs from the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (Stogdill, 1963) and Four-Factor Theory Questionnaire (Taylor and Bowers, 1972) were examined for convergent and discriminant validity by using a traditional zero-order multitrait-multimethod correlation matrix analysis (Campbell and Fi...
Chronic Exposure to Low‐Dose Arsenic Modulates Lipogenic Gene Expression in Mice

Arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, can affect lipid metabolism through mechanisms that are not well understood. We studied the effect of arsenic on serum lipids, lipid-regulating genes, and transcriptional regulator sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). C57BL/6 mice were administered 0 or 100 ppb sodium arsenite in drinking water for 5 weeks. Arsenic exposure was associated with decreased liver weight but no change in body weight. Serum triglycerides level fell in arsenic-exposed animals, but not in fed animals, after short-term fasting. Hepatic expression of SREBP-1c was reduced in arsenic-exposed fed animals, with a 16-fold change in reduction. Similar effects were seen for SREBP-1c in white adipose tissue. However, fasting resulted in dissociation of the expression of SREBP-1c and its targets, and SREBP-1c protein content could not be shown to correlate with its mRNA expression. We conclude that arsenic modulates hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid regulation through mechanisms that are independent of SREBP-1c expression.
The Report of the President's Commission on Housing:

This paper discusses the recommendations of the President's Commission on Housing in the area of low-income housing policy and programs. It concentrates on the basic policy proposals concerning future program directions, which occupy the first two chapters of the Commission's Report[7]. It does not attempt to address the continuing problems of extant public housing projects, which occupied a significant fraction of the Commission's time and is the subject of Chapter 3 of the Report. Nor does it consider the special housing concerns of the elderly and handicapped, which are treated briefly in Chapter 4. The paper first describes recent developments in housing policy, up to the time when the Commission began its deliberations, in mid-1981. It then presents the Commission's analysis of the housing problems confronting lower-income households and summarizes the Commission's policy recommendations. These two sections correspond roughly to the first two chapters in the report. They attempt to summarize the Report as briefly as possible, and devote more attention to the process by which the Commission reached its conclusions, and the analysis which underlay them. The final section discusses the current political status of the Commission's recommendations.
Possible roles of ice nucleation mode and ice nuclei depletion in the extended lifetime of Arctic mixed‐phase clouds

[1] The sensitivity of Arctic mixed phase clouds to the mode of ice particle nucleation is examined using a 1-D cloud model. It is shown that the lifetime of a simulated low-level Arctic mixed-phase stratus is highly sensitive to the number concentration of deposition/condensation-freezing nuclei, and much less sensitive to the number of contact nuclei. Simulations with prognostic ice nuclei concentration exhibit rapid depletion of deposition/condensation-freezing nuclei due to nucleation scavenging which significantly extends the mixed-phase cloud lifetime. In contrast, scavenging has little impact on the number of contact nuclei. Thus, contact mode nucleation generally dominates in the cloud layer when both modes are simultaneously considered. The dominance of contact nucleation in Arctic mixed-phase clouds is consistent with a number of in situ observations, remote retrievals, and laboratory experiments. A conceptual model of long-lived Arctic mixed-phase clouds is developed that explains their persistence through the rapid depletion of deposition/condensation-freezing ice nuclei and a self-regulating drop-contact freezing feedback.
Mobile context inference using low-cost sensors

In this paper, we introduce a compact system for fusing location data with data from simple, low-cost, non-location sensors to infer a user's place and situational context. Specifically, the system senses location with a GSM cell phone and a WiFi-enabled mobile device (each running Place Lab), and collects additional sensor data using a 2” x 1” sensor board that contains a set of common sensors (e.g. accelerometers, barometric pressure sensors) and is attached to the mobile device. Our chief contribution is a multi-sensor system design that provides indoor-outdoor location information, and which models the capabilities and form factor of future cell phones. With two basic examples, we demonstrate that even using fairly primitive sensor processing and fusion algorithms we can leverage the synergy between our location and non-location sensors to unlock new possibilities for mobile context inference. We conclude by discussing directions for future work.
Obligate mixotrophy inLaboea strobila, a ciliate which retains chloroplasts

The planktonic ciliateLaboea strobila Lohmann sequesters photosynthetically functional chloroplasts derived from ingested algae. The chloroplasts lie free in the cytoplasm and are most abundant just under the pellicle of the ciliate. The maximum rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) was 925 pg C ciliate-1h-1 (3.7 pg C pg chl.a-1h-1). At saturating irradiance, the amount of carbon fixed h-1 equaled 12.6% of the body carbon of the ciliate. To grow,L. strobila requires both light and algal food. In the absence of food, survival ofL. strobila is significantly longer in the light than in the dark. Based on ingestion rate and photosynthetic rate, we calculate that photosynthesis can make an important contribution to this ciliate's carbon budget even when algal food is plentiful.