cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A T‐cell line with an unusual phenotype

A rapidly proliferating T-cell line, HCD8, was derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of an apparently healthy individual during the course of a T-cell cloning experiment. This T-cell line expressed a very unusual phenotype: CD1+, CD2-, CD3+ (cytoplasmic), CD4-, CD5+, CD7+, CD8-, interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R) (p55)-, and T-cell antigen receptor (TCAR) alpha beta-. Assays for reverse transcriptase activity and for human T-lymphotropic retroviral sequences in the cellular DNA were negative, indicating that the cells were not transformed by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I, HTLV-II, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I. Culturing the cells in the differentiation inducing agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate induced an increased expression of CD3 but no other significant changes in T-cell markers. A small population of CD4-negative and CD8-negative T-lymphocytes exist in human peripheral blood and they exhibit natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity. However, the authors' cell line failed to demonstrate such cytotoxic function. The TCAR gene rearrangement studies showed that both T gamma genes were rearranged while the T beta genes were in the germ line configuration and the T delta genes were deleted. HCD8 strongly expressed the antigens Leu M1 and Ki-1, markers detected only rarely on normal unstimulated human T-cells, but quite consistently found on Reed-Sternberg cells and cells of some large pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas. HCD8 may be used to study the control of Leu M1 and Ki-1 expression in T-cells and it may provide some insight into the cellular origin of the above-mentioned lymphomas.
Correlation of Temperature-dependent Water Properties and the Growth of Bacteria

IN recent years there has been some evidence to suggest that biological activity may be affected by water structure1,2. The premise of the above work was that water undergoes subtle structural changes at specific temperatures3,4 and, if biological growth is affected by water structure, growth should be affected at these temperatures. Since the effect of water structure on biological activity has not been substantiated, an investigation of the effect of temperature on bacterial growth was undertaken.
Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and the effects of anaesthesia

Hypertension predisposes to a heightened risk of cardiovascular events over years of follow-up of ambulatory adults and especially during the relatively brief peri-and intra-operative periods of heightened stress resulting from surgery and anaesthetic effects. Structural changes in the circulation, including left ventricular and resistance vessel hypertrophy, and systemic and coronary atherosclerosis, play an even more important role in the development of these morbid events than does the actual level of blood pressure elevation. However, chronic anti-hypertensive therapy stabilizes blood pressure and heart rate responses to stress and therapy, thereby decreasing the incidence of ischaemia, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia and cerebrovascular accident. Although optimal evidence is not yet available, it appears that continued anti-hypertensive therapy is as beneficial in the operative setting as it is chronically. Excluding diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhitors, most other anti-hypertensive medications should be continued during anaesthesia. For intra-operative hypertension, many drugs are used, but the most evidence of cardioprotective effects has been obtained for the beta-blockers. It is important to mention that calcium-channel blockers may potentiate myocardial depression and bradycardia especially when beta-blockers are already being used.
Involvement of cyclin D1-cdk5 overexpression and MCM3 cleavage in bax-associated spontaneous apoptosis and differentiation in an A253 human head and neck carcinoma xenograft model.

Time-dependent ladder-type DNA fragmentation and morphological alterations consistent with apoptosis were observed among A253 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells in nude mice from 15 to 18 days after transplantation, without any drug treatment. No evidence of ladder-type DNA fragmentation was detected in A253 cells in vitro or in normal nude mouse tissues (skin and muscle). Our aim was to explore molecular factors associated with such spontaneous apoptosis. Bcl-2 protein expression decreased, while bax protein expression increased from day 9 after transplantation. Moreover, altered expression of bcl-2 and bax was accompanied by the increased proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Time-dependent dephosphorylation of Rb, followed by proteolytic cleavage, was also observed from day 9 after transplantation. The data indicate that the caspase-3 activation and cleavage of Rb protein may represent important steps in the regulation pathway of bax-mediated spontaneous apoptosis. Interestingly, the time-dependent activation of spontaneous apoptosis was almost simultaneous with the induction of differentiation and increased expression of several differentiation-associated regulatory proteins. An increased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk5) was observed from day 9 after transplantation, whereas only slight alteration of cdk4 expression was found. The time-dependent activation of cyclin D1 and cdk5 preceded both the induction of ladder-type DNA fragmentation and increased keratin pearl formation. Furthermore, MCM3 was cleaved early in spontaneous apoptosis and differentiation. Our observations suggest the involvement of cyclin D1-cdk5 overexpression and MCM3 cleavage in bax-mediated spontaneous apoptosis and differentiation in A253 xenografts. P53 and WAF1 proteins were not expressed in the xenografts, indicating that the changes in the regulatory proteins during apoptosis and differentiation were not p53 or WAF1 dependent. Int. J. Cancer 83:341–348, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of branched polymers from lipase-catalyzed trimethylolpropane copolymerizations.

Lipase-catalyzed terpolymerizations were performed with the monomers trimethylolpropane (B3), 1,8-octanediol (B2), and adipic acid (A2). Polymerizations were performed in bulk, at 70 °C, for 42 h, using immobilized lipase B from Candida antartica (Novozyme-435) as a catalyst. To determine the substitution pattern of trimethylolpropane (TMP) in copolymers, model compounds with variable degrees of acetylation were synthesized. Inverse-gated 13C NMR spectra were recorded to first determine the chemical shift positions for mono-, di-, and trisubstituted TMP units and, subsequently, to determine substitution of TMP units along chains. Variation of TMP in the monomer feed gave copolymers with degrees of branching (DB) from 20% to 67%. In one example, a hyperbranched copolyester with 53 mol % TMP adipate units was formed in 80% yield, with Mw 14 100 (relative to polystyrene standards), Mw/Mn 5.3, and DB 36%. Thermal and crystalline properties of the copolyesters were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and dif...
A DoS-limiting network architecture

We present the design and evaluation of TVA, a network architecture that limits the impact of Denial of Service (DoS) floods from the outset. Our work builds on earlier work on capabilities in which senders obtain short-term authorizations from receivers that they stamp on their packets. We address the full range of possible attacks against communication between pairs of hosts, including spoofed packet floods, network and host bottlenecks, and router state exhaustion. We use simulation to show that attack traffic can only degrade legitimate traffic to a limited extent, significantly outperforming previously proposed DoS solutions. We use a modified Linux kernel implementation to argue that our design can run on gigabit links using only inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware. Our design is also suitable for transition into practice, providing incremental benefit for incremental deployment.
Cognitive differences between experts and novices: Implications for group supervision.

The literature on counselor training and supervision has grown considerably in the past decade. Little of this literature has discussed group supervision. This article outlines the implications of cognitive psychology for group supervision and discusses the unique dimensions of the group modality for the supervision process and cognitive skill acquisition.
IBM PC, PS/2, and compatibles

The ideas discussed in a group meeting of users of IBM PC, PS/2, and compatibles are summarized.
Reliability-Based Screening of Offshore Platforms

This paper describes development of a reliability-based screening procedure for platform assessments and requalifications. The objective of this procedure is to identify the critical structures and structure components that need to undergo a detailed assessment so that limited resources can be efficiently used. The reliability-based screening procedure helps identify potential failure modes and weak links in the structure, and provides information on the effects of load reduction and strengthening measures on the reliability of the platform. The reliability analysis screening procedure is based on a first-order second-moment (FOSM) formulation. A study is summarized of the implications of the simplified FOSM method. In the case of an eight-leg drilling and production platform located in the Gulf of Mexico, the results from FOSM reliability analysis are compared with those from first and second-order reliability methods (FORM and SORM). There is excellent agreement between the FOSM and FORM/SORM results.
Corporate technology: The social origins of the American institute of electrical engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers came into being almost one hundred years ago, calling itself in the years before the advent of electronic technologies the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The AIEE was founded in 1884 by an active group of managers, telegraphic electricians, inventors and manufacturers, and a few professors of physical science. Just over half of the initial leadership were corporation managers and leading inventormanufacturers. From the beginning, the Institute sought to centralize and nationalize electrical knowledge in America. Through the first quarter century, members sought status through educational standards, and struggled with the restrictions of specialization. A study of the original officers and board members indicates that the first generation of electricians and electrical engineers were largely self-taught inventors. Even before their natural demise, these men were displaced by the academically trained electrical engineers; their companies were either absorbed or made useless by the corporations which took control of the industry. Thus in the AIEE itself, the original founders-inventors, telegraph and telephone company officers, and telegraph electricians-soon gave over the reins of the society to the employees of large electrical corporations. The society emerged from the explosive growth of the electrical industry. Electrical technologies, virtually ignored at the Centennial Celebration of 1876, became within ten years the basis for a powerful new industry centered on dramatic advances in electric lighting and power. AIEE was born as a consequence of the needs of modern industrial society. Its drive for professional status was a perfect response to those needs. There could be no opposition from the corporate bureaucracies since professionalism itself was a bureaucratic response to knowledge.
Numerical Study of Nanofluid Transport in Tumors During Nanofluid Infusion for Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Treatment

The application of nanostructures in hyperthermia treatment of cancer has attracted growing research interest due to the fact that magnetic nanoparticles are able to generate impressive levels of heat when excited by an external magnetic field [1–3]. Various types of nanoparticles such as magnetite and superparamagentic iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated great potentials in hyperthermia treatment; however many challenges need to be addressed for future applications of this method in clinical studies. One leading issue is the limited knowledge of nanoparticle distribution in tumors. Since the temperature elevation is induced as the result of the heat generation by the nanoparticles, the concentration distributions of the particles in a tumor play a critical role in determining the efficacy of the treatment. The lack of control of the nanoparticle distribution may lead to inadequacy in killing tumor cells and/or damage to the healthy tissue.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Landsat: building a strong future

Abstract Conceived in the 1960s, the Landsat program has experienced six successful missions that have contributed to an unprecedented 39-year record of Earth Observations that capture global land conditions and dynamics. Incremental improvements in imaging capabilities continue to improve the quality of Landsat science data, while ensuring continuity over the full instrument record. Landsats 5 and 7 are still collecting imagery. The planned launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission in December 2012 potentially extends the Landsat record to nearly 50 years. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat archive contains nearly three million Landsat images. All USGS Landsat data are available at no cost via the Internet. The USGS is committed to improving the content of the historical Landsat archive though the consolidation of Landsat data held in international archives. In addition, the USGS is working on a strategy to develop higher-level Landsat geo- and biophysical datasets. Finally, Federal efforts are underway to transition Landsat into a sustained operational program within the Department of the Interior and to authorize the development of the next two satellites — Landsats 9 and 10.
Episodic Memory: A Rat Model of Source Memory

A recent study using a novel procedure to test the memory of rats for a preferred (chocolate) reinforcement shows many key characteristics that define source memory and episodic memory in humans.
Sampling rules to achieve quality, maximize benefit and minimize financial loss

Determining the proper sample size and frequency of sampling such that quality is assured while financial losses are not unnecessarily incurred is critical to an effective quality program. The main purpose of the present work is to design a fuzzy controller to adjust sample sizes and frequency of sampling according to potential fuzzy benefit/loss. A set of fuzzy rules is given where, depending on the antecedents, the sample size and/or sampling frequency may be decreased, remain static or be increased. At any given moment the proportion of defects in the sample determines the firing strength of the rules suggesting an appropriate sample size and sampling frequency. The firing strength is then modified to include an analysis of the decision maker’s belief that as sampling takes place and adjustments are being considered benefit or loss would be incorporated prior to any action or adjustment to sample size and/or frequency.
Instantaneous voltage measurement technique for PWM voltage source inverters

The pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI) is almost universally used in industrial motor drives. Although measurement of the VSI output voltage is required in many applications, accurate measurement is problematic due to the high frequency inverter switching. Many commonly used inverter output voltage measurement methods, such as indirect and direct voltage measurement, produce inaccurate results under a variety of operating conditions. In this paper, the common sources of voltage measurement error are identified and an instantaneous voltage measurement technique is presented that significantly reduces inaccuracies introduced by common voltage measurement strategies. Implementation details of the proposed strategy are outlined and experimental results are used to compare the proposed technique with other methods of inverter output voltage measurement. The results demonstrate the opportunity for improvements to any inverter-driven motor control system that requires precise terminal voltage measurements to carry out the intended control objective.
Decomposing infants’ object representations: A dual-route processing account

The capacity for infants to form mental representations of hidden or occluded objects can be decomposed into two tasks: one process that identifies salient objects and a second complementary process that identifies salient locations. This functional decomposition is supported by the distinction between dorsal and ventral extrastriate visual processing in the primate visual system. This approach is illustrated by presenting an eye-movement model that incorporates both dorsal and ventral processing streams and by using the model to simulate infants’ reactions to possible and impossible events from an infant looking-time study (R. Baillargeon, “Representing the existence and the location of hidden objects: object permanence in 6- and 8-month-old infants”, Cognition, 23, pp. 21–41, 1986.). As expected, the model highlights how the dorsal system is sensitive to the location of a key feature in these events (i.e. the location of an obstacle), whereas the ventral system responds equivalently to the possible and ...
Analysis of adduct formation in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) between benzo[a]pyrene and DNA of the liver and hemoglobin of the erythrocyte

Abstract Bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) were exposed to a single dose of benzo[ a ]pyrene by i.p. injection and maintained at 13 or 20°C. Acid hydrolysis of DNA isolated from the liver and hemoglobin from the erythrocyte, 72-h posttreatment, released tetrols, which were separated and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence analysis. Examination of the tetrol profiles indicated that adduct formation with both macromolecules occurred via the anti - and syn -isomeric diol epoxide metabolites of benzo[ a ]pyrene. The majority of adducts in the DNA formed via the anti -diol epoxide (85%), which is similar to that reported for other organisms. However, adduct formation in hemoglobin was via both the anti - and syn -isomeric diol epoxides, which is different from that reported for mice. Furthermore, the amount of adduct formation in both macromolecules depended upon the temperatures at which the fish were maintained. Quantitation of the covalent interaction of genotoxic chemicals such as benzo[ a ]pyrene with cellular macromolecules can be a sensitive biological marker of early predictive value in assessing the significance of exposure to human health or ecosystem integrity.
Stress Responses of Children to Sexual Abuse and Ritualistic Abuse in Day Care Centers

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sexual abuse and ritualistic abuse of children in day care settings. The sample was composed of 134 children; 67 children who were sexually abused and ritually abused in day care centers were compared on the Child Behavior Checklist with a carefully matched group of 67 nonabused children. Findings indicated that sexually abused children had significantly more behavior problems than did the nonabused children. Sexual abuse involving ritualistic abuse was associated with increased impact as well as increased severity in the extent of the sexual, physical, and psychological abuse the children experienced.
β-Adrenergic Enhancement of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Leak in Cardiac Myocytes Is Mediated by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase

Enhanced cardiac diastolic Ca leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor may reduce SR Ca content and contribute to arrhythmogenesis. We tested whether β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists increased SR Ca leak in intact rabbit ventricular myocytes and whether this depends on protein kinase A or Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity. SR Ca leak was assessed by acute block of the ryanodine receptor by tetracaine and assessment of the consequent shift of Ca from cytosol to SR (measured at various SR Ca loads induced by varying frequency). Cytosolic [Ca] ([Ca] i ) and SR Ca load ([Ca] SRT ) were assessed using fluo-4. β-AR activation by isoproterenol dramatically increased SR Ca leak. However, this effect was not inhibited by blocking protein kinase A by H-89, despite the expected reversal of the isoproterenol-induced enhancement of Ca transient amplitude and [Ca] i decline rate. In contrast, inhibitors of CaMKII, KN-93, or autocamtide-2–related inhibitory peptide II or β-AR blockade reversed the isoproterenol-induced enhancement of SR Ca leak, and CaMKII inhibition could even reduce leak below control levels. Forskolin, which bypasses the β-AR in activating adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A, did not increase SR Ca leak, despite robust enhancement of Ca transient amplitude and [Ca] i decline rate. The results suggest that β-AR stimulation enhances diastolic SR Ca leak in a manner that is (1) CaMKII dependent, (2) not protein kinase A dependent, and 3) not dependent on bulk [Ca] i .
Measuring the mechanical resonance of a GaAs/AlGaAs cantilever using a strain-sensing field-effect transistor

We have fabricated a cantilever with dimensions from a heterostructure containing a two-dimensional electron gas. A strain-sensing field-effect transistor (FET) integrated into the cantilever base acts as a displacement sensor via the piezoelectric effect. The FET was used to measure the cantilever mechanical quality factor Q = 360 and resonance frequency kHz which is close to kHz calculated from geometry. FETs can be integrated into GaAs/AlGaAs microelectromechanical systems as force and displacement sensors.
A short N-terminal sequence of PTEN controls cytoplasmic localization and is required for suppression of cell growth

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell growth and a tumor suppressor. Its growth-attenuating activity is based on the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), an essential second messenger for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. This activity may require localization of PTEN to cytoplasmic membranes. Yet PTEN can also localize to the cell nucleus where its functions remain unclear. Here we present data that define a short sequence in the N-terminal region of PTEN required for cytoplasmic localization. We will refer to this sequence as cytoplasmic localization signal (CLS). It could function as a non-canonical signal for nuclear export or as a cytoplasmic retention signal of PTEN. Mutations within the CLS induce nuclear localization and impair growth suppressive activities of PTEN while preserving lipid phosphatase activity. We propose that nuclear localization of PTEN is not compatible with plasma membrane-targeted growth suppressive functions of PTEN.
Roosevelt Island: Exception to a City in Crisis:

Today, New York City’s Roosevelt Island stands as living proof that the public sector can produce a mixed-income and mixed-race neighborhood from scratch. Its successes contrast with typical perceptions of government housing failure and indicate that with determined leadership, stable funding, and a good location, the public sector can create healthy, heterogeneous neighborhoods. This article examines the process of designing and constructing Roosevelt Island to illustrate how and why local actors took advantage of favorable conditions and made important political choices to achieve their commitments, even as political and financial support for such developments deteriorated. In light of the often dismal reputation of government housing policy in the United States, Roosevelt Island’s success—unique in its mixed-income legacy—offers lessons about effective city governance in the face of dwindling national support.
The Political Economy of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Areas

Recent studies have hypothesized that the Chinese state has sought to use outward flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Latin America and Africa in order to promote broad national interests, including securing China's access to oil and other natural resources, and pressuring states to abandon diplomatic ties with Taiwan. To date, however, there has been little systematic empirical study of the influence of these factors on Chinese FDI. In this study, we attempt to fill this gap in the literature. Utilizing a cross-sectional time-series data set for 66 countries for the period of 2003–2010, we investigate the effects of various economic and political variables on Chinese FDI in Latin America and Africa. We find that Chinese FDI is influenced by trade flows and natural resources in host economies, including oil resources and ores and metals, while also being directed to markets with lower per capita income. In addition, the study adds to the prior literature by demonstrating empirically that Chinese FDI flows are negatively associated with recipients who maintain diplomatic recognition of Taiwan. The analysis also suggests that, with the exception of natural resources (oil), there is little overlap in the determinants of Chinese and US FDI.
Subgraph distances in graphs defined by edge transfers

For two edge-induced subgraphs F and H of the same size in a graph G, the subgraph H can be obtained from F by an edge jump if there exist four distinct vertices u, v, w, and x in G such that uv?E(F), wx?E(G) - E(F), and H = F - uv + wx. The subgraph F is j-transformed into H if H can be obtained from F by a sequence of edge jumps. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for a graph G to have the property that every edge-induced subgraph of a fixed size in G can be j-transformed into every other edge-induced subgraph of that size. The minimum number of edge jumps required to transform one subgraph into another is called the jump distance. This distance is a metric and can be modeled by a graph. The jump graph J(G) of a graph G is defined as that graph whose vertices are the edges of G and where two vertices of J(G) are adjacent if and only if the corresponding edges of G are independent. For a given graph G, we consider the sequence {{Jk(G)}} of iterated jump graphs and classify each graph as having a convergent, divergent, or terminating sequence.
Bovine Pancreatic Lipase. I. Isolation, Homogeneity, and Characterization

Bovine pancreatic lipase was isolated in pure form by lyophilization of fresh bovine pancreas, extraction of the enzyme with sucrose solution, fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetone, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The specific activity of the purest lipase fraction was 1750 micromoles fatty acid, liberated in 30 min per milligram of protein, indicating a purification of approximately 473-fold, with an overall yield of about 42%. Homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed by rechromatography on Sephadex G-100 as well as with the gel electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal techniques. The purified enzyme gave a typical protein ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maximum absorption at 276 nm and minimum at 252 nm. The purified enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum of 8.8 and an isoelectric point near pH 5.5. Its optimum temperature was 37 C, and its optimum substrate concentration was 10%. These properties resembled those of milk lipase.
Bimetallic Ni-Rh catalysts with low amounts of Rh for the steam and autothermal reforming of n-butane for fuel cell applications

Mono-metallic nickel and rhodium catalysts and bimetallic Ni-Rh catalysts supported on La-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, CeZrO{sub 2} and CeMgOx were prepared and evaluated for catalyzing the steam and autothermal reforming of n-butane. The binary Ni-Rh supported on La-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts with low weight loading of rhodium exhibited higher H{sub 2} yields than Ni or Rh alone. The Ni-Rh/CeZrO{sub 2} catalyst exhibited higher performance and no coke formation, compared to the same metals on other supports. A NiAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel phase was obtained on all Ni and Ni-Rh catalysts supported on La-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The presence of rhodium stabilized the spinel phase as well as NiOx species upon reforming while Ni alone was mostly reduced into metallic species. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis showed evidence of Ni-Rh alloy during preparation and even further after an accelerated aging at 900C in a H{sub 2}/H{sub 2}O atmosphere.
The crystal structure of the 2:1 intermolecular complex containing 1‐melhyl‐5‐flourouracil and 9‐ethyl‐2,6‐diaminopurine

Two molecules of 1-methyl-5-fluorouracil complex with one molecule of 9-erthyl-2, -6-diaminopurine and crystsallize in a triclinic unit cell. The crystal structure was solves by analysis of 3-dimensional x-ray diffraction data. Asharpened Patterson map was used to dertermine the structure with apsuedo-heavy atom technique. The three molecule from a planar hydrogen bonded Watson-Crick pair with the purine while the other pyrimide forms hydrogen bond to adenine through the imdazole nitrogen. The network is compeleted by purine-purine hydrogen bond.
Mobile robot tracking in wireless sensor networks

This paper studies the mobile robot tracking problem in a wireless sensor network consisting of several sensor nodes collecting sensor information and transmitting data packets in order to determine a mobile robot's location at real-time. This paper proposed an intrusion detection algorithm based on collecting light signal and a counter-based routing protocol integrated with Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ). The counter-based routing protocol makes use of a randomized delay before a data transmission to reduce data redundancy. This provides a lightweight solution while preserving the advantage of being an easily implementable protocol. Furthermore, an event-based interface to facilitate handshaking between the new routing protocol and the proposed lightweight motion detection algorithm is defined to realize the intrusion detection application. The detection algorithm and the routing protocol are implemented in a prototypical wireless sensor network using MICA2 sensor motes.
Chosen People: American Exceptionalism in Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible

Kingsolver has called The Poisonwood Bible "a political allegory," developing complex links between the private domestic story of the Price family and the public political narrative of U. S. intervention in the Congo. The novel shows how American exceptionalism reproduces itself in the American home, as Nathan's assumptions about chosen people shape his daughters. After Lumumba and Ruth May die, the daughters choose unsettled homes and complex, diverging paths away from their father's American legacies.
Vibrational relaxtion in excited electronic states of aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract Time-resolved experiments are reported Showing kinetic evidence for vibrational relaxation of electronically excited molecules in solution at room temperature. The experiments involve higher electronic states of 3,4,9,10-dibenzpyrene. Data are consistent with slow vibrational relaxation (≈ 15 ps), similar to that for ground state species.
Discrete Fourier and Hadamard transforms

Elementary properties of discrete Fourier transforms (d.f.t.) have appeared in recent literature. Corresponding properties of BIFORE (Hadamard) transforms are summarised and compared with those of the d.f.t.
‘Don’t push your immorals on me’: Encouraging anti-porn advocacy in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

In this article, we examine how leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS or LDS Church) encouraged their followers to oppose pornography. Based on archival materials from the...
Dynamic cluster header selection with self-incentive for wireless sensor networks

The unbalanced energy consumption among self-powered sensor nodes negatively impacts network lifetime. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a new cluster header selection and cluster formation scheme. With our scheme, sensor nodes within a cluster autonomously decide in which time frame they will act as a cluster header based on the amount of energy consumption in the current round. In addition, they are conditionally allowed to switch their cluster header depending on signal strength of their current cluster header. Our simulation results show the proposed scheme increases the network lifetime and provides a well-balanced energy consumption pattern among the nodes in a cluster compared to previously proposed schemes.
(Text) Mining the LANDscape: Themes and Trends over 40 years of Landscape and Urban Planning

In commemoration of the journal's 40th anniversary, the co-editor explores themes and trends covered by Landscape and Urban Planning and its parent journals through a qualitative comparison of co-occurrence term maps generated from the text corpora of its abstracts across the four decadal periods of publication. Cluster maps generated from the VOSviewer program reveal a coalescence of concepts for the last two decades along three knowledge domains: human dimensions, landscape analysis and planning, and urban ecology. Citation impact “heat maps” offer additional clues about emerging and high-impact topics. The editor assesses these findings with respect to the journal's aims and scope and offers some thoughts on future directions for research.
Actin cytoskeleton: putting a CAP on actin polymerization

Two recent studies have identified a Drosophila homolog of cyclase-associated protein (CAP) as a developmentally important negative regulator of actin polymerization that may also directly mediate signal transduction.
Weyl Asymptotics for the Laplacian on Manifolds with Asymptotically Cusp Ends

Abstract We describe the spectrum of the Laplacian on a manifold with asymptotically cusp ends and find asymptotics of a corresponding spectral shift function. Here the spectral shift function is the difference of the eigenvalue counting function and the scattering phase.
On-farm production of AM fungus inoculum in mixtures of compost and vermiculite.

Abstract On-farm production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus inoculum can reduce the cost of the inoculum and increase utilization of this symbiosis in plant production. Bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flugge) seedlings, colonized by AM fungi, were transplanted into raised bed enclosures. Media within the enclosures was vermiculite mixed with either field soil or yard clippings compost in Experiment I and vermiculite mixed with yard clippings compost or dairy manure/leaf compost in Experiment II. Compost and vermiculite mixtures yielded more propagules of AM fungi than soil-based mixtures in Experiment I. Growth of plants in a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of yard clippings compost and vermiculite produced more inoculum (503 propagules cm −3 ) than growth in 1:9 and 1:99 (v/v) mixtures (240 and 42 propagules cm −3 , respectively). Water, inorganic nutrient solution minus P, and fish protein digest were added to inoculum production enclosures in Experiment II. Results indicated that supplemental nutrient addition was unnecessary. This method produces a concentrated inoculum of AM fungi in a form readily used as an amendment to horticultural potting media for the production of vegetable seedlings.
On a fixed point result of Amini-Harandi in strictly convex Banach spaces

Amini-Harandi proved that alternate convexically nonexpansive mappings on non-empty weakly compact convex subsets of strictly convex Banach spaces have fixed points. We prove that Amini-Harandi's result holds also in Banach spaces with the Kadec--Klee property and the result is true for a larger class of mappings. Moreover, we show that the Alspach mapping in L1[0,1] is not a 2-alternate convexically nonexpansive mapping.
Contention-aware scheduler: unlocking execution parallelism in multithreaded java programs

In multithreaded programming, locks are frequently used as a mechanism for synchronization. Because today's operating systems do not consider lock usage as a scheduling criterion, scheduling decisions can be unfavorable to multithreaded applications, leading to performance issues such as convoying and heavy lock contention in systems with multiple processors. Previous efforts to address these issues (e.g., transactional memory, lock-free data structure) often treat scheduling decisions as "a fact of life," and therefore these solutions try to cope with the consequences of undesirable scheduling instead of dealing with the problem directly. In this paper, we introduce Contention-Aware Scheduler (CA-Scheduler), which is designed to support efficient execution of large multithreaded Java applications in multiprocessor systems. Our proposed scheduler employs a scheduling policy that reduces lock contention. As will be shown in this paper, our prototype implementation of the CA-Scheduler in Linux and Sun HotSpot virtual machine only incurs 3.5% runtime overhead, while the overall performance differences, when compared with a system with no contention awareness, range from a degradation of 3% in a small multithreaded benchmark to an improvement of 15% in a large Java application server benchmark.
Automatic rigging and animation of 3D characters

Animating an articulated 3D character currently requires manual rigging to specify its internal skeletal structure and to define how the input motion deforms its surface. We present a method for animating characters automatically. Given a static character mesh and a generic skeleton, our method adapts the skeleton to the character and attaches it to the surface, allowing skeletal motion data to animate the character. Because a single skeleton can be used with a wide range of characters, our method, in conjunction with a library of motions for a few skeletons, enables a user-friendly animation system for novices and children. Our prototype implementation, called Pinocchio, typically takes under a minute to rig a character on a modern midrange PC.
Physical mechanisms for vertical‐CLVD earthquakes at active volcanoes

[1] Many volcanic earthquakes large enough to be detected globally have anomalous focal mechanisms and frequency content. In a previous study, we examined the relationship between active volcanism and the occurrence of a specific type of shallow, non-double-couple earthquake. We identified 101 earthquakes with vertical compensated-linear-vector-dipole (vertical-CLVD) focal mechanisms that took place near active volcanoes between 1976 and 2009. The majority of these earthquakes, which have magnitudes 4.3 ≤ MW ≤ 5.8, are associated with documented episodes of volcanic unrest. Here we further characterize vertical-CLVD earthquakes and explore possible physical mechanisms. Through teleseismic body-wave analysis and examination of the frequency content of vertical-CLVD earthquakes, we demonstrate that these events have longer source durations than tectonic earthquakes of similar magnitude. We examine the covariance matrix for one of the best-recorded earthquakes and confirm that the isotropic and pure vertical-CLVD components of the moment tensor cannot be independently resolved using our long-period seismic data set. Allowing for this trade-off, we evaluate several physical mechanisms that may produce earthquakes with deviatoric vertical-CLVD moment tensors. We find that physical mechanisms related to fluid flow and volumetric changes are incompatible with seismological, geological, and geodetic observations of vertical-CLVD earthquakes. However, ring-faulting mechanisms explain many characteristics of vertical-CLVD earthquakes, including their seismic radiation patterns, source durations, association with volcanoes in specific geodynamic environments, and the timing of the earthquakes relative to volcanic activity.
A content analysis from a US statewide survey of memorable healthcare decisions for individuals with intellectual disability

AbstractBackground Little is known about surrogate healthcare decision-making for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This study examined healthcare decision-making by residential-agency directors to learn their process and the extent to which the individual is included.Method Content analysis of qualitative data from a mailed survey of residential-agency directors in a large US northeastern state.Results Narrative comments of 102 directors (65% of respondents) are reported. Three themes emerged: (a) Identifying someone else's “best interest” is challenging; (b) Perceptions of the healthcare community, especially related to quality of life, can influence care provided; and (c) Surrogate decision-making is a team effort.Conclusions With knowledge of how decisions are made, the healthcare community can better interact with the complex array of service agencies and persons who determine care for this vulnerable population.
Biaxial Control Grid Interpolation: Reducing isophote preservation to optical flow

The importance of edge fidelity in image resizing is well established. Isophotes, or connected pixels of equal intensity, are essential to human perception of static images and interpolation methods that disrupt isophote curvature produce distracting artifacts. We introduce a new image resizing algorithm based on the principles of optical flow. The optical flow equation assumes that for every pixel in a given video frame, there exists an isointense pixel in adjacent frames. For video, this assumption implies that subsequent frames are reconfigurations of the same pixels. Here, we apply the optical flow equation to adjacent rows and columns of single images. The physical basis for optical flow in video (objects are moving) does not apply to static images. However, the the use of the optical flow equation amounts to asserting that each pixel is a member of an isophote with curvature that can be approximated locally with a straight line. Our implementation is fully separable and outperforms both traditional and recently proposed interpolators including NEDI and iNEDI.
Categorization for network fault diagnosis

A new method of LAN fault diagnosis is described based on host behavior categorization. Monitored network traffic is used to represent a host's behavior as a point in a high-dimensional parameter space. A number of these points (one for each host) is categorized by an inductive Bayesian classifier and the resulting categorization is used to predict future network host behavior. If a host's subsequent behavior is not consistent with its expected class, the host is flagged anomalous and becomes a focus of further diagnosis. The system has been tested on approximately a network-year of data and has successfully diagnosed all known faults in this data due to programmer error and has even pointed out several that had previously gone undetected. Ways to improve the system's performance with complementary diagnostic techniques are introduced. >
Ultrasound‐modulated two‐fluid atomization of dilute polymer solutions

New findings presented can further our understanding of the atomization of dilute polymer solutions. First, contrary to the conventional view that viscoelastic liquids are more difficult to atomize than Newtonian liquids, it was found that aerodynamic conditions required to form uniform drops are less severe for some viscoelastic liquids than for Newtonian liquids. Under similar aerodynamic conditions, using ultrasound-modulated two-fluid atomization at 54 kHz, 40-μm-dia. uniform drops determined by the third harmonic frequency were obtained for gel-forming xantham gum solutions, but not for Newtonian liquids. Second, ultrasonic atomization yielded 350–400-μm-dia. drops for aqueous solutions of rodlike polyethylene oxides (PEO) with molecular weights of 1-2×105 at 54 kHz, supporting previous predictions that PEO relaxation times may be as short as 10−4 s. Third, at smaller molecular weights (up to 2×104), aqueous solutions of PEO behave like Newtonian liquids in accordance with modified Taylor's dispersion relation.
Mitochondrial phylogeography of the Dalmatian wall lizard, Podarcis melisellensis (Lacertidae)

A 903 bp section of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced from 73 specimens of Podarcis melisellensis collected at 52 localities distributed over the major part of the species’ range. In addition, parts of the 12S (about 470 bp) and 16S rRNA (about 500 bp) genes were analysed for 11 representative samples leading to a congruent phylogeny. Our study includes representatives of all 20 subspecies recognized today. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data revealed three main clades: mainland with nearby islands, Vis archipelago, and Lastovo archipelago. The degree of mitochondrial DNA divergence among these clades suggests a separation of the respective population groups during the earliest Pleistocene. The phylogenetic pattern observed within the species is in sharp contrast to the actual taxonomic division into subspecies. A correlation between genetic diversity of P. melisellensis populations and paleogeography of the regions they inhabit is discussed. r 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Drug Combinations in the Treatment of Hypertension. Never-Ending Novelty

Not uncommonly, to effectively treat hypertension, multiple drugs must be given. Multidrug combinations that dominate clinical practice typically include a thiazide-type diuretic together with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, or less so a β-blocker. On the other hand, there are several approaches that can also incrementally reduce blood pressure (BP) but are used less regularly and, as such, go underappreciated as to their effectiveness. Such approaches may include within-class switching of diuretics, combining a thiazide-type diuretic with a calcium-channel blocker (CCB), using 2 CCBs from different subclasses, adding a peripheral α-blocker to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or tacking on an aldosterone receptor antagonist or nitrate therapy to any of several other drug classes. All of these presumably novel approaches offer useful options for treatment in the otherwise difficult-to-control hypertensive patient.1 These aforementioned fresh therapeutic approaches succeed in lowering BP based on the nature of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interplay between select drug classes. A pharmacokinetic interaction that can be exploited clinically in the patient with difficult-to-treat hypertension is that of combining a dihydropyridine CCB, such as nifedipine, with a nondihydropyridine CCB, such as diltiazem or verapamil. The latter 2 compounds are known inhibitors of the cytochrome CYP3A4 isozyme. The dihydropyridine CCB nifedipine, as is the case for all CCBs, is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4 with little inhibitory effect on this isozyme itself. When nifedipine is combined with diltiazem or verapamil, the latter dose-dependently inhibits the clearance of nifedipine. This interaction occurs quickly, relates to the relatively steep dose-response relationship for nifedipine plasma levels and BP reduction when nifedipine is given in submaximal doses, and is nearly optimized within 3 days of …