cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Static Pressure Measurements of Enclosure Fires.

Some enclosure-fire static pressure measurements are presented for both full and scale model rooms and are compared with the present hydraulics-orifice flow model for fire induced flows into and out of enclosures. Results indicate that the vertical pressure differential (enclosure to ambient) follows the expected hydrostatic distribution quite well and accurately reflects the doorway inflow and outflow gas velocities. Measurement of ceiling and floor differential pressure using different numbers of gas burners yields insight into gross plume entrainment and illustrates how the neutral plane and thermal discontinuity vary with upper gas temperature. Correlating upper gas temperature with fire size and enclosure height makes it possible to predict at what heat release rate a given enclosure might become fully involved, i.e., by using the temperature at which the thermal discontinuity approaches the floor. In terms of present fire plume modeling large entrainment coefficients (0.3-0.4) are required in order to reproduce the enclosure flows for both the small and large scale results. A noted deficiency in the plume model appears in the small scale results where the data suggest that the entrainment should exhibit a much stronger dependence on the fuel injection rate than that predicted by the theory.
Making the grade: The competitive learning game

Learning is an exciting adventure – unless, of course, we go out of our way to make it unpleasant. john krumboltz What is it about school life that drives the hurtful, destructive dynamics that subvert the joy of learning and create such a profound conflict between ability and effort as sources of worth? Many answers have been offered, but none comes as close to the mark as that implied by John Krumboltz's mocking challenge (1990): Imagine how we would go about designing an educational program if our purpose were to make students hate to learn. [First, he suggests,] we would not involve them in establishing the purposes of their class. [Second,] we would require them to perform some impossible tasks – for example, to be perfect in everything they do. Third, when we discovered that the students were failing to master the impossible tasks, we would ridicule them and report their mistakes, failures and shortcomings to their friends and relatives. Fourth, just to pour some salt into the wounds, we would identify one individual in the class who was doing the tasks better than any of the others, and say, “If Frank can do it, why can't you?” This would isolate Frank and make all the other children hate him. Finally, if we should happen to catch any students helping another trying to master these impossible tasks, we would punish such cooperative behavior unmercifully, insisting that each youngster work in silent solitude separated from the support and encouragement of fellow students. (p. 10)
Effect of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water applied in disinfection of infant simple respirators

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect on infant simple respirators disinfected with acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW) aiming to further prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) caused by manual resuscitators.METHODS According to the Criteria of Disinfection Techniques(2002),90 infants simple respirators were taken as samples randomly.And then each pediatric manual resuscitator was disassembled and the parts were rinsed and soaked for 3min with EOW respectively.Furthermore,bacteriological tests on the external surface,internal surface and interface of the selected randomized samples were made before and after disinfection.The results were judged with logarithm value.RESULTS The germicidal logarithm value before and after disinfection on the external surface,internal surface and the interface of the silicone bag of the infant simple respirators were 2.949,5.235 and 3.987,respectively.All of them were more than 1.Therefore,according to the Criteria of Disinfection Techniques,the results were regarded as eligible disinfection.CONCLUSION EOW can be applied to clean and disinfect infant simple respirators and the method has some advantages such as speediness,being more economical,being safer,convenient,non-corrosive,non-irritable,and so on.Therefore,the EOW method is an effective measure to prevent VAP,thus,this method is worthy to be promoted in clinics.
Surveillance on pathogen and serology of the pandemic(H1N1) 2009 in Inner Mongolia in 2009

Objective:To analyze epidemical characteristic of the pandemic(H1N1) 2009 and to study infection situation on health people in Inner Mongolia,in 2009.This study can provide scientific basis for defending influenza pandemic effectively.Methods:Real-time RT-PCR and RT-PCR were used to detect nucleic acid of influenza virus from specimens.The viruses were inoculated and isolated with embryonated egg from the positive specimens.And,the hamagglutination(HA) and the hamagglutination inhibition(HI) tests were used to detect the antibody of health people.Results:In 2009,the network laboratoies tested 7663 specimens in Inner Mongolia,of which 1543(20.14%) were positive for influenza.Among them,68 were seasonal influenza A(H1N1),158 were A(H3N2),957 were the pandemic(H1N1) 2009,164 were influenza B,192 were influenza A(pandemic(H1N1) 2009,seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) excluded),and 4 were influenza A and influenza B mixture.162 influenza virus strains were isolated from 509 positive specimens have been detected by this laboratory,positive rate was 31.83%.The HA and HI were used to identify type and subtype of these isolates,of which 155(96.91%) were positive for the pandemic(H1N1) 2009.472 specimens collecting from the health people have been detected the level of antibody to the pandemic(H1N1) 2009,of which 95(20.13%) were positive.Conclusion:After July 2009,the pandemic(H1N1) 2009 virus became predominant strain in Inner Mongolia and the peak of epidemic of influenza in October and November.Generally,the antibody level of the pandemic(H1N1) 2009 virus was low.But,the antibody level from students was high comparatively.
Parameter Optimal Design Model of Gas Gathering and Transportation Network on Heredity Solution

The parameter optimal design model of gas gathering and transportation network was established.It takes the total construction expenses as the object,and takes the steady analysis of the pipeline,the pressure and flowrate of the node,and the pressure of the pipeline as the constraint conditions.This model is the optimal non-linear discrete complex problem.Therefore the heredity solution was adopted to solve it,and the computer solution arithmetic was provided,too.
Progress on Liner Implosions for Compression of FRC's

Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is a means to compress plasmas to fusion conditions that uses magnetic fields to greatly reduce electron thermal conduction, thereby greatly reducing compression power density requirements (1,2). The compression is achieved by imploding the boundary, a metal shell. This effort pursues formation of the Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) type of magnetized plasma, and implosion of the metal shell by means of magnetic pressure from a high current flowing through the shell. We reported at Megagauss 9 that we had shown experimentally (3) that we can use magnetic pressure from high current capacitor discharges to implode long cylindrical metal shells (liners) with size, symmetry, implosion velocity, and overall performance that is suitable for compression of Field Reversed Configurations (FRC's). We also presented considerations of using deformable liner ? electrode contacts of Z-pinch geometry liners or theta pinch driven liners, in order to have axial access to inject FRC's and to have axial diagnostic access. Since then, we have experimentally implemented the Z-pinch discharge driven deformable liner ? electrode contact, obtained full axial coverage radiography of such a liner implosion, and obtained 2D-MHD simulations for a variety of profiled thickness long cylindrical liners. The radiographic results indicate that at least 16 times radial compression of the inner surface of a 0.11 cm thick Al liner was achieved, with a symmetric implosion free of instability growth. We have also made progress in combining 2D-MHD simulations of FRC formation with imploding liner compression of FRC's.
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes and Postpartum Multi-Systemic Dysregulation: Adding Vitamin D Deficiency to the Allostatic Load Index.

Background Allostatic load (AL) is an index of multi-system physiological "wear-and-tear," operationalizing emergent chronic disease risk and predicting morbidity and mortality. AL has been proposed as an organizing framework for studying pregnancy outcomes and additional AL biomarkers for the study of maternal health would be valuable. Objectives To test whether adverse perinatal outcomes are associated with postpartum AL and if including vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) as an additional marker of postpartum AL increases the association. Methods The Community Child Health Network is a community-based participatory research network that enrolled women at birth and followed them for 2 years measuring ten biomarkers (body mass index, waist: hip ratio, pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cortisol slope, c-reactive protein, hgbA1c, HDL, and total cholesterol) at 6 and 12 months postpartum. A composite of four adverse perinatal outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes) was collected from medical charts in a sample of 164 women from one site and serum 25(OH)D status was measured 24-39 weeks postpartum in this cohort. Results Twenty-nine percent experienced one or more of the four adverse perinatal outcomes. Serum 25(OH)D was significantly inversely correlated with the AL index (Spearman's r = -0.247, p = 0.002). Logistic regression results adjusting for maternal age and race showed that adverse outcome was significantly associated with higher postpartum AL (OR 1.53 for a 1-unit increase in AL, 95% CI 1.24-1.89). Adding 25(OH)D deficiency as an 11th component to the AL index improved the model fit (Delta (-2LogL) = 3.955, p = 0.047), and improved the Akaike information criterion (180.32 vs. 184.27). Conclusion Women with adverse perinatal outcomes have higher postpartum AL and adding vitamin D deficiency to the AL index strengthens this association.
Emotional intelligence and communication levels in information technology professionals

In today's digital and technical environment, employers are looking for personnel that can contribute to the organization not only with the use of technical skills but can also express their expertise with the use of positive emotional intelligence and communication effectiveness. As research is lacking in the investigation of soft skills used by information technology professionals, the relationship between emotional intelligence and communication adaptability is the focus of this research. This quantitative non-experimental correlational analyses the emotional intelligence and communication adaptability level of 111 Information Technology professionals that work in the United States. The research found a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and the communication adaptability of the information technology professional. The positive outcome of this study suggests that information technology professions that have a strong relationship between emotional intelligence and communication aptitude can have positive implications for organizations for organizational teamwork/relationship building. Studies relationship between emotional intelligence and communication adaptability.Quantitative non-experimental correlational analyses is performed.Surveyed 111 Information Technology professionals in the United States.A significant positive relationship between EI and CA.
Spectral continuity and eye vergence movement

In the Marr-Poggio model of human stereopsis, eye vergence movement is tightly coupled to the matching process. Any local area of any spatial frequency tuned channel can initiate a vergence movement designed to bring zero crossings within that local area into their range of correspondence. Since, in the human system, the resource of eye movement is limited, the control problem inherent in such a strategy seems intractable. This paper, in contrast, proposes that by requiring spectral continuity of disparity, global disambiguation can occur during the course of any reasonable sequence of vergence movements. The matching process is thus only loosely coupled to the vergence mechanism. A computer implementation has been tested successfully on both a random dot stereogram and a stereo pair of a natural scene.
Magnesium Sulfate Salt Solutions and Ices Fail to Protect Serratia liquefaciens from the Biocidal Effects of UV Irradiation under Martian Conditions

Abstract The growth of Serratia liquefaciens has been demonstrated under martian conditions of 0.7 kPa (7 mbar), 0°C, and CO2-enriched anoxic atmospheres (Schuerger et al., 2013, Astrobiology 13:115–131), but studies into the survivability of cells under hypersaline conditions that are likely to be encountered on Mars are lacking. Serratia liquefaciens cells were suspended in aqueous MgSO4 solutions, or frozen brines, and exposed to terrestrial (i.e., 101.3 kPa, 24°C, O2/N2-normal atmosphere) or martian (i.e., 0.7 kPa, −25°C, CO2-anoxic atmosphere) conditions to assess the roles of MgSO4 and UV irradiation on the survival of S. liquefaciens. Four solutions were tested for their capability to attenuate martian UV irradiation in both liquid and frozen forms: sterile deionized water (SDIW), 10 mM PO4 buffer, 5% MgSO4, and 10% MgSO4. None of the solutions in either liquid or frozen forms provided enhanced protection against martian UV irradiation. Sixty minutes of UV irradiation reduced cell densities from 2....
Gender and Emotion in Criminal Law

Despite most people’s view that emotion is far from simple, the criminal law’s approach to emotion is, for the most part, simplistic. The criminal law acknowledges mechanistic emotions—those that are immediate, clear, or seemingly instinctive—but it frequently ignores or discounts complicated emotional states. The failure to appreciate or accommodate complex emotion and willingness to recognize simplistic emotion has gendered effects. Speciacally, this Essay will focus on two areas involving complicated, conoicting feelings—rape and domestic violence—that the law oversimpliaes to the detriment of women. The doctrines that tend to excuse typically masculine emotional outbursts, the heat of passion excuse and self-defense, fail to provide a responsive framework for understanding women’s emotional experiences. This Essay will look at how the failure to incorporate the emotional realities of sex and family violence negatively impact the law of rape and domestic violence and how, in contrast, the heat of passion and self-defense doctrines recognize, and thus encourage,
Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test Scores and Lower Extremity Injury in NCAA Division I Athletes.

Background:Functional movement tests that are predictive of injury risk in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes are useful tools for sports medicine professionals. The Lower Qua...
Visual Attention: Size Matters

Summary When searching real-world scenes, human attention is guided by knowledge of the plausible size of target object (if an object is six feet tall, it isn't your cat). Computer algorithms typically do not do this, but perhaps they should.
“Capgras” Delusions Involving Belongings, Not People, and Evolving Visual Hallucinations Associated with Occipital Lobe Seizures

Capgras syndrome is characterized by the delusional belief that a familiar person has been replaced by a visually similar imposter or replica. Rarely, the delusional focus may be objects rather than people. Numerous etiologies have been described for Capgras to include seizures. Similarly, visual hallucinations, both simple and complex, can occur secondary to seizure activity. We present, to our knowledge, the first reported case of visual hallucinations and Capgras delusions for objects that developed secondary to new onset occipital lobe epilepsy. We then discuss the possible underlying neurologic mechanisms responsible for the symptomatology.
Costs and Benefits of Intraoperative MR-Guided Brain Tumor Resection

We retrospectively compared the costs and benefits of brain tumor resection in the conventional operating room (cOR) with the interventional magnetic resonance (iMR) suite from 1993–1998. Comparisons were made for adults (diagnosis-related group (DRG) 001) and children (DRG 003) for length of stay (LOS), hospital charges and payments, hospital total direct and indirect costs, readmission rates, repeat resection (RR) interval, and net health outcome. Statistical analysis was with ANOVA, Dunnett’s, and Bonferroni tests. For DRG 001, iMR LOS (3.7 days (d)) was 54.9% A shorter than for cOR (8.2 d) for first resections (FR) (P < 0.001) and RR (6.0 vs. 8.7 d (31.0%), P < 0.05). IMR hospital charges were 12.2% lower ($4063) for FR and 4.1% lower ($922) for RR than for cOR. Total iMR hospital costs were 14.4% lower ($3415) than for cOR for FR and 3.3% lower ($723) than costs for RR. Cost-to-charge ratio (c/c) for FR was 69.6% (iMR) and 71.4% (cOR) and for RR 70.9% (iMR) and 71.1% (cOR). For DRG 003, iMR LOS (4.5 d) was shorter than for cOR (14.1 d, P < 0.001) for FR and for RR (8.0 vs. 13.3 d). IMR hospital charges were 43.8% lower than for cOR for FR (P < 0.05) and RR. The iMR costs were lower for FR (46.4%, P < 0.01) and RR (44.7%) than cOR. IMR c/c was 71.4% and 74.8% for cOR. For RR, the iMR c/c was 72.8% and 73.9% for cOR. No RR have followed iMR surgery. COR RR rate was 20% in adults and 30% in children. The mean time from iMR surgery was 11.3 months in adults and 18.0 in children. For the cOR, the mean time to RR was 9.3 months in adults and 13.3 in children. This data suggests that iMR surgery improves net health outcomes by reduced LOS, reduced RR, and reduced hospital charges and costs.
Using Molecular Modeling Trending to Understand Dielectric Susceptibility in Dielectrics for Display Applications

Dielectric materials are universally used in the fabrication and packaging of microelectronic and display devices, as well as used in discrete devices such as sensors, switches and photovoltaics. However, as device and interconnect sizes become smaller, the question of the source of electrical failure becomes more and more important. During the development of these materials it has been found that small changes in the molecular structure can lead to small increases in conductivity which is undesirable for most applications. Although important to the final commercial acceptance of the dielectric, leakage current is often one of the final properties measured when developing the chemistry of the dielectric, so a dielectric with very good mechanical properties can ultimately fail at end-user applications due to the poor electrical properties. Knowledge of the susceptibility for electrical failure can be a great aid to the developer, and molecular modeling used in a trend analysis has been found useful to predict tendencies.
Feline Panleukopenia Virus

This chapter provides an overview of the classification and description of the feline panleukopenia virus, its hosts, the key developments regarding the virus, and the diagnostic techniques and reagents. The feline panleukopenia virus causes gastroenteritis and generalized infectious fatal disease of young cats. The hosts that are infected by the feline panleukopenia virus include Felidae, Procyonidae, and mink. The cause of the disease was discovered to be a virus, which was given the name of panleukopenia. The virus may be shed for long periods after infection. Good vaccines are available. The virus will not multiply in embryonating eggs but does in various feline cell lines.
New Models of Sputtering and Ion Knock-On Mixing

We have recently developed new models of sputtering [1], ion emission [2], and ion knock-on mixing [3] which provide quick and accurate estimates of neutral and ion sputtering yields and of the broadening observed in a sputter-profiling experiment. In this abstract, we briefly summarize the major features of the sputtering and ion emission models.
Abstract TP235: Prehospital Clinical Deterioration Predicts Further Deterioration in Acute Stroke

Background: Studies of neurologic deterioration in stroke have primarily focused on the acute period 24 hours after arrival. We sought to determine whether prehospital/early ED hyper-acute deterior...
Outcomes for potential kidney transplant recipients offered public health service increased risk kidneys: A single-center experience.

BACKGROUND Discard rate of Public Health Service Increased Risk (PHS-IR) organs is high despite the absence of worse kidney transplant outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of PHS-IR kidney offers made to kidney transplant-only potential recipients from 6/2004 to 5/2015. Overall mortality and transplant outcomes between potential recipients were stratified by response to PHS-IR kidney offers. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses of mortality and allograft failure were performed. RESULTS A total of 2423 potential recipients were offered a PHS-IR kidney, with 1502 transplanted, with or without a PHS-IR kidney. Predictors of accepting a PHS-IR kidney included higher Estimated Post Transplant Survival (EPTS) score, prior kidney transplant, and lower educational achievement on multivariable analysis (P = 0.025, P = 0.004, P = 0.023). A positive response to a PHS-IR kidney was associated with lower risk of mortality (3.63% vs 11.6%; aHR 0.467, P = 0.0008). PHS-IR kidney recipients had decreased risk of allograft loss compared to non-PHS-IR recipients (P = 0.007), though mortality outcomes were not significantly different based on PHS-IR status (P = 0.38). No transmission of HIV, HBV, or HCV occurred from PHS-IR kidney donors in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Efforts must be made to increase awareness of the beneficial outcomes of PHS-IR organs to maximize appropriate donor allocation.
Vectored delivery of anti-SIV envelope targeting mAb via AAV8 protects rhesus macaques from repeated limiting dose intrarectal swarm SIVsmE660 challenge.

Gene based delivery of immunoglobulins promises to safely and durably provide protective immunity to individuals at risk of acquiring infectious diseases such as HIV. We used a rhesus macaque animal model to optimize delivery of naturally-arising, autologous anti-SIV neutralizing antibodies expressed by Adeno-Associated Virus 8 (AAV8) vectors. Vectored transgene expression was confirmed by quantitation of target antibody abundance in serum and mucosal surfaces. We tested the expression achieved at varying doses and numbers of injections. Expression of the transgene reached a saturation at about 2 x 1012 AAV8 genome copies (gc) per needle-injection, a physical limitation that may not scale clinically into human trials. In contrast, expression increased proportionately with the number of injections. In terms of anti-drug immunity, anti-vector antibody responses were universally strong, while those directed against the natural transgene mAb were detected in only 20% of animals. An anti-transgene antibody response was invariably associated with loss of detectable plasma expression of the antibody. Despite having atypical glycosylation profiles, transgenes derived from AAV-directed muscle cell expression retained full functional activity, including mucosal accumulation, in vitro neutralization, and protection against repeated limiting dose SIVsmE660 swarm challenge. Our findings demonstrate feasibility of a gene therapy-based passive immunization strategy against infectious disease, and illustrate the potential for the nonhuman primate model to inform clinical AAV-based approaches to passive immunization.
Predicting and alleviating coal ash-induced deactivation of CuO as an oxygen carrier for chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling

Abstract Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) using CuO oxygen carrier enables the release of gaseous oxygen in the fuel reactor for the efficient conversion of solid fuels, achieving inherent CO2 separation while avoiding the energy penalty associated with air separation units. In terms of the coal-fired CLOU, certain types of coal ash were found to interact with CuO and compromise the performance CuO, while some other types of coal ash seemed stable. To predict the interaction products based on ash composition and the major solid phase transformations of coal ash/CuO mixture, the phase diagrams of SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–Fe2O3–CuO system were developed through thermodynamic modeling. According to the phase diagrams, coal ash can be categorized into three types with different interaction products, and the Type 1 ash responsible for the deactivation of CuO can be described as Al2O3/CaO > 1.82 (mass ratio). CaO addition was proposed as an approach to alleviate the ash-induced CuO deactivation by forming the more thermodynamically favored CaAl2Si2O8 (anorthite) than CuAl2O4. The redox cycles of various CuO/coal ash/CaO mixtures were performed to test the modeling predictions and evaluate the effects of CaO addition. The experimental results validated the modeling predictions on the real coal ashes, and CaO addition proved to significantly curb the CuO deactivation in the presence of Type 1 ashes. XRD analysis verified the addition of CaO into the CuO/coal ash mixture inhibits the formation of CuAl2O4 by producing CaAl2Si2O8, but the decrease in the amount of Cu–Fe complex actually results from the formation of Ca2Fe9O13.
Targeting the Polyamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Parasitic Protozoa

Malaria, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis are life-threatening parasitic diseases for which safe and more effective medicines are urgently needed. The polyamine biosynthetic pathway in protozoan pathogens is a validated target for the development of drugs, as demonstrated by the current use of α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to treat patients diagnosed with human African trypanosomias (HAT). These parasites have evolved novel polyamine metabolic pathways that are considerably different from those of the human host. For example, trypanosomes contain a novel spermidine/glutathione conjugate termed trypanothione, and uniquely in these parasites S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is activated by heterodimer formation with a catalytically dead homologue. In Plasmodium parasites, AdoMetDC and ODC are fused as a bifunctional protein. Trypanosoma cruzi lacks ODC and relies on polyamine transporters. In this chapter, we discuss these differences and highlight additional aspects of these organisms that could be exploited as potential therapeutic strategies, including differences in protein turnover rates and polyamine transport, the latter of which could be used for delivery of cytotoxic compounds.
Embodied reading in a transparent orthography

Abstract The embodiment framework posits that reading comprehension requires simulation. That is, the reader must use perceptual, action, and emotional systems to create an analogical representation of the situation described in the text. Moved by Reading teaches children to simulate by having them a) move images on a computer screen to correspond to sentences (externalizing the simulation), and then b) imagine moving the images (internal simulation). Although Moved by Reading greatly enhances comprehension, it does not always produce transfer when children read new texts without manipulation. The decoding hypothesis provides an explanation: Before children can simulate the sentences, they must be able to decode the words. In orthographically opaque languages such as English, decoding skill greatly varies across children, hence limiting transfer when reading unfamiliar texts. If true, Moved by Reading should produce successful transfer in Spanish, an orthographically transparent language in which decoding is more transparent. As predicted, monolingual Spanish-speaking children taught simulation performed better than children in a control condition on comprehension tests a) for texts in which they moved images, b) for texts in which they imagined moving images, and c) most importantly, in an untrained transfer text. Thus, the data demonstrate the effectiveness of Moved by Reading in Spanish in line with predictions from the decoding hypothesis, and the results highlight a need for studies that directly compare the effects of this training across readers with different decoding skills and languages.
In reply: Human papillomavirus March 2019

We would like to thank Dr. Lichtenberg for giving us the opportunity to clarify and expand on questions regarding HPV vaccine efficacy. Our statement “HPV immunization can prevent up to 70% of cases of cervical cancer due to HPV as well as 90% of genital warts” was based on a statement by
An evaluation of the reproducibility of 1H-MRS GABA and GSH levels acquired in healthy volunteers with J-difference editing sequences at varying echo times.

Abstract Recent advances in J-difference-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) data acquisition and processing have led to the development of Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES) techniques, which enable the simultaneous measurement of ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in living tissue, at the commonly available magnetic field strength of 3 T. However, the reproducibility of brain levels of GABA and GSH measured across multiple scans in human subjects using HERMES remains to be established. In the present study, twelve healthy volunteers completed two consecutive HERMES scans of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the technique for GABA and GSH measurements at TE = 80 ms. Eleven of the twelve participants additionally completed two consecutive MEGA-PRESS scans at TE = 120 ms, with editing pulses configured for GSH acquisition, to compare the reliability of GSH in the same voxel measured using the standard MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms. The primary findings of study were that, 1) the coefficient of variation (CV) of measuring GABA with HERMES was 16.7%, which is in agreement with the reliability we previously reported for measuring GABA using MEGA-PRESS; and 2) the reliability of measuring GSH with MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms was more than twice as high as that for measuring the antioxidant with HERMES at TE = 80 ms (CV = 7.3% vs. 19.0% respectively). These findings suggest that HERMES and MEGA-PRESS offer similar reliabilities for measuring GABA, while MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms is more reliable for measuring GSH relative to HERMES at TE = 80 ms.
Eccentric, but not concentric blood flow restriction resistance training increases muscle strength in the untrained limb.

Abstract Objectives Little is known regarding the variables or mechanisms mediating cross-education as a result of resistance training. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of low-load eccentric-only blood flow restriction (Ecc-BFR) and low-load concentric-only BFR (Con-BFR) on indices of cross-education. Design Thirty-six women were randomly assigned to 4-wks of unilateral resistance training with Ecc-BFR (n = 12), Con-BFR (n = 12) or control (no intervention, n = 12) group. Eccentric peak torque, concentric peak torque, maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, muscle thickness, and muscle activation were assessed from the contralateral, untrained arm. Results Muscle strength (collapsed across mode) increased from 0-wk to 2-wks (4.9%) and 4-wks (13.0%) for Ecc-BFR only. There were increases in muscle activation (collapsed across mode and group) regardless of training modality, but there were no changes in muscle size for any of the conditions. Conclusions The findings of the present study indicated that low-load Ecc-BFR increased muscle strength. The increases in muscle strength as a result of Ecc-BFR were not mode-specific. Thus, low-load Ecc-BFR provides a unique alternative to maintain muscle function in an untrained limb that may have application during limb immobilization and rehabilitation practices.
TELEHEALTH FOR IDENTIFICATION, TREATMENT, AND PATIENT SELF-MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION: A MOUNT SINAI HEALTH SYSTEM NOVEL SCREENING APPROACH FOR NYC FIREFIGHTERS

Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 45% of on-duty fatalities among firefighters, and mortality rate is increased among those with hypertension (HTN). In conjunction with a NYC fire officer union, the Mount Sinai Hypertension Screening Program (MSHSP) demonstrates that self-measurement and
Is Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging an Accurate Predictor of Nodal Status After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Abstract Background With increasing use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), preoperative imaging assessment of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) has become more important in operative planning and patient counseling. We aimed to assess if MRI is an accurate predictor of the ALN status after NAC. Methods We used our institutional proprietary prospective database to review all patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between August 2015 and March 2017 who received NAC, underwent post-NAC MRI, and axillary surgery. Imaging findings, axillary surgery, and histopathology results were analyzed. Results Of 114 patients receiving NAC, 50 underwent post-NAC MRI before surgery. The mean age was 46 y; 36% were triple-negative, 26% were triple-positive, 26% were ER-positive and HER2/neu-negative, and 12% were ER-negative and Her2/neu-positive. Post-NAC MRI ALN status was normal in 35 patients, of which 30 underwent SLNB and five went directly to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). 26 of these 35 were negative for metastasis on final pathology resulting in a negative-predictive value of 74.3%. In 15 patients with an abnormal post-NAC MRI ALN status, eight went directly to ALND and seven underwent SLNB. Eight of these 15 were positive for metastasis on final pathology resulting in a positive predictive value of 53.3%. Conclusions Assessment of axillary imaging findings on post-NAC MRI predicts the absence of nodal disease with higher accuracy than its presence but not with adequate accuracy as surrogate for surgical pathologic evaluation of ALNs. This information is valuable in both patient counseling and axillary surgical management after NAC.
Incidence of Hyponatremia in Patients With Indwelling Peritoneal Catheters for Drainage of Malignant Ascites.

Importance Indwelling peritoneal catheters (IPCs) are frequently used to drain tense, symptomatic, malignant ascites. Large-volume drainage may lead to hyponatremia owing to massive salt depletion. To date, no studies have examined the epidemiology of hyponatremia after placement of an IPC. Objective To evaluate the incidence of hyponatremia after IPC placement, the risk factors associated with its development, and how it is managed. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 461 patients who had IPCs placed during the period between 2006 and 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, of whom 309 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed from June to November 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were the incidence of hyponatremia (with a serum sodium level <135 mEq/L) after IPC placement, the risk factors for its development, and how it was managed. We also examined the clinical course of a subset of 21 patients with hypovolemic hyponatremia. Results Of the 309 eligible patients with laboratory results both before IPC placement and 2 days or more after IPC placement, 189 (72.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 59 (12) years. The overall incidence of hyponatremia after IPC placement was 84.8% (n = 262), of whom 21 patients (8.0%) had severe hyponatremia. The mean (SD) decrease in serum sodium level before vs after IPC placement was 5 (5.1) mEq/L and decreased by 10 mEq/L or more among 52 patients (16.8%). Patients with hyponatremia prior to IPC placement had an 8-fold higher adjusted odds of having persistent hyponatremia after IPC placement (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9-21.7). Patients with hepatopancreatobiliary malignant neoplasms were more likely to develop hyponatremia (78 of 262 patients with hyponatremia [29.8%] vs 7 of 47 patients without hyponatremia [14.9%]). Hyponatremia was either unrecognized or untreated in 189 patients (72.1%). Conclusions and Relevance Although the placement of an IPC is often a palliative measure, hyponatremia is common and is often untreated or unrecognized. Patients at highest risk, such as those with hyponatremia at baseline and those with hepatopancreatobiliary malignant neoplams, should be evaluated carefully prior to IPC placement and may warrant closer monitoring after placement. In all cases, hyponatremia should be evaluated and managed within the context of a patient's overall goals of care.
Do Passive Investors Demand High Earnings Quality? Evidence from Natural Experiment

In this paper, we examine the effect of passive institutional holdings on firms’ earnings quality by exploiting the variation in passive ownership around Russell 1000/2000 index cutoff. Using three sets of earnings quality proxies (properties of earnings, investor responsiveness to earnings, and external indicators of earnings misstatements), we find that passive ownership improves earnings quality. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced in firms with low active institutional ownership. Finally, we find firms with higher passive ownership undertake more long-term investments. The last two results provide consistent evidence that passive investors improve earnings quality because they have long-term investment horizon and they only have the option of monitoring (as opposed to threat to exit) for good portfolio performance due to their buy-and-hold strategy.
Jerome Powell: Navigating a New Course?

In February 2018, Jerome Powell had taken over as chair of the FOMC. At first glance, the macroeconomic conditions inherited by Powell appeared favorable for continued stability: unemployment and inflation were low, and the economy had been steadily growing for nearly a decade. Yet despite the appearance of stability, the economy faced significant risks that required the Federal Reserve's attention. Was an uptick in inflation imminent, and if so, should Powell raise rates to limit any inflationary pressure? Or was the economy still operating below capacity, and if so, should the Federal Reserve take a more accommodative stance? To gain perspective, Powell needed to look back at the past fifty years of monetary policy in the United States. Excerpt UVA-GEM-0165 Rev. Nov. 11, 2019 Jerome Powell: Navigating a New Course? In March 2019, Jerome Powell was preparing for the upcoming meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the Federal Reserve System (the Fed). Powell had been appointed the chair of the FOMC only a year ago to replace Janet Yellen, who had presided over a four-year period of economic growth and relative macroeconomic stability. Powell's comments following the FOMC meeting would be heavily scrutinized by many who were gauging whether Powell would continue the gradual increase in interest rates that began under Yellen or whether he would reverse course to help stimulate the economy. At first glance, the macroeconomic conditions inherited by Powell appeared favorable for continued stability: unemployment was near historic lows (Exhibit 1), inflation was below the Fed's target of 2% (Exhibit 2), and the economy had grown steadily for nearly a decade (Exhibit 3). Yet despite the appearance of stability, the economy faced significant risks that required the Fed's attention. Following the Great Recession, the Fed had embarked on an unprecedented increase in the monetary base, which contributed to fears of lurking inflation. Marty Feldstein, chair of the Council of Economic Advisors under President Ronald Reagan, articulated these concerns: Inflation is a risk, even if it is not inevitable. The large volume of reserves...makes that risk greater. It will take skill—as well as political courage—for the Fed to avoid the rise in inflation that the existing liquidity has created. . . .
Cellular Vacuum

Couldany universe satisfy the following conditions? (i) Each volume of space contains only a finite amount of information, because space and time come in discrete units. (ii) Over some range of size and speed, the mechanics of this world are approximately classical. Imagine a crystalline world of tiny, discrete “cells,” each knowing only what its nearest neighbors do. In such a universe, we’ll construct analogs of particles and fields, and ask what it would mean for these to satisfy constraints like conservation of momentum. In each case classical mechanics will break down—on scales both small and large—and strange phenomena will emerge: a maximal velocity, a slowing of internal clocks, a bound on simultaneous measurement, and quantumlike effects in very weak or intense fields.
Evaluating chronotypically tailored light therapy for breast cancer survivors: Preliminary findings on fatigue and disrupted sleep.

More than one-third of cancer survivors experience significant residual symptoms after treatment completion. Fatigue and sleep disruption often co-occur and exacerbate each other. The purpose of this preliminary analysis was to examine the effect of a chronotypically tailored light therapy on fatigue and sleep disruption in female survivors 1-3 years post-completion of chemotherapy and/or radiation for stage I to III breast cancer. The data for this analysis were collected as part of an ongoing two-group randomized controlled trial (NCT03304587). Participants were randomized to receive either bright blue-green light (experimental) or dim red light (control). Light therapy was self-administered using a light visor cap at home. Both groups received 30-min daily light therapy for 14 consecutive days either between 19:00 and 20:00 h (for morning chronotypes) or within 30 min of waking in the morning (for evening chronotypes). Fatigue and sleep quality were self-reported using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Fatigue, PROMIS-Sleep Disturbance, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a daily log before (pre-test) and following the light intervention (post-test). Linear mixed model analysis or generalized estimating equations examined group difference overtime adjusting for pre-test scores. No between-group differences were found. However, after adjusting for the baseline fatigue, the experimental group reported significant decreases in fatigue (p < .001) and sleep disturbance (p = .024) overtime. The experimental group also reported significantly better subjective sleep quality after 14 d of light therapy (p = .017). Positive trends in sleep latency, sleep duration, night-time awakenings, and early morning awakenings were also observed. Unexpectedly, sleep disturbance significantly decreased in the control group (p = .030). Those who received dim light control reported significantly shorter sleep latency (p = .002), longer total sleep time (p = .042), and greater habitual sleep efficiency (p = .042). These findings suggest that bright light therapy significantly improved post-treatment fatigue and subjective sleep quality in breast cancer survivors. Although it remains to be confirmed, the findings additionally show unexpected benefits of dim light on sleep. Properly timed light exposure may optimize the therapeutic effect and can be the key for successful light therapy. How the administration timing coupled with wavelengths (short vs. long) and intensity of light affecting fatigue and disrupted sleep requires further investigation.
Nonlinear Random Vibration in Structural Safety and Performance Evaluation

The recent developments of a nonlinear random vibration method for analysis of buildings and structures are summarized. Methods of modeling structural hysteresis, deterioration, biaxial interaction, and damage cumulation are mentioned. Applications of this method to prediction of performance of structural systems under stochastic loadings are demonstrated by a response and damage study of masonry structures.
Space Station life science research facility--the Vivarium/Laboratory.

Research opportunities possible with the Space Station are discussed. The objective of the research program will be study gravity relationships for animal and plant species. The equipment necessary for space experiments including vivarium facilities are described. The cost of the development of research facilities such as the vivarium/laboratory and a bioresearch centrifuge is examined.
Ileus — Fusion — Bands — Volvulus — Intussusceptions — Incisional Hernia

When there is an obstruction in the small intestine, then even if no fluid is administered orally, the contents of the loops proximal to the stenosis will increase. This is a result of the secretion and exudation products from the intestinal wall. This fluid causes an increasing dilution usually accompanied by flocculation of the contrast fluid in the loops proximal to the obstruction. Dehydration, as generally feared, does not occur (fig. 14.1a). In all literature not one single publication concerning experiments with animals or patients can be found that reports thickening of the contrast medium in the small intestinal loops on the proximal side of an obstruction. As a result of the increased tone, the peristaltic movements are initially enhanced; if the obstruction persists, peristalsis decreases gradually.
Complementing T Cells’ Functions: Bringing in Metabolism Matters

Components of the complement system act directly on T cells to alter conventional and regulatory T cell subsets. In this issue of Immunity, Kolev, Dimeloe, Le Friec et al. (2015) provide evidence of a mechanism by which the complement stimulates sustained mTORC1 activation and regulates cellular metabolism.
Review of Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment Programs

The DOE Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OHVT) and its predecessor organizations have maintained aggressive projects in diesel exhaust aftertreatment since 1993. The Energy Policy Act of 1992, Section 2027, specifically authorized DOE to help accelerate the ability of U. S. diesel engine manufacturers to meet emissions regulations while maintaining the compression ignition engines inherently high efficiency. A variety of concepts and devices have been evaluated for NOx and Particulate matter (PM) control. Additionally, supporting technology in diagnostics for catalysis, PM measurement, and catalyst/reductant systems are being developed. This paper provides a summary of technologies that have been investigated and provides recent results from ongoing DOE-sponsored R and D. NOx control has been explored via active NOx catalysis, several plasma-assisted systems, electrochemical cells, and fuel additives. Both catalytic and non-catalytic filter technologies have been investigated for PM control.
How Compatible are Public Choice and Austrian Political Economy

Public Choice relies heavily on equilibrium analysis in its models of government failure. Austrians are suspicious of equilibrium analysis owing to its reliance on some variant of the perfect-knowledge assumption. To what extent then can Austrians consistently embrace public-choice descriptions of government failure? This paper argues that to maintain methodological consistency Public Choice should jettison the equilibrium, perfect-information framework, while keeping the empirically relevant assumption of narrow political interest.