cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Eating Disorders: The Role of the Primary Care Physician

OBJECTIVE: To describe how primary care clinicians can detect an eating disorder and identify and manage the associated medical complications. DESIGN: A review of literature from 1994 to 1999 identified by a MEDLINE search on epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Detection requires awareness of risk factors for, and symptoms and signs of, anorexia nervosa (e.g., participation in activities valuing thinness, family history of an eating disorder, amenorrhea, lanugo hair) and bulimia nervosa (e.g., unsuccessful attempts at weight loss, history of childhood sexual abuse, family history of depression, erosion of tooth enamel from vomiting, partoid gland swelling, and gastroesophageal reflux). Providers must also remain alert for disordered eating in female athletes (the female athlete triad) and disordered eating in diabetics. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary team including a primary care practitioner, nutritionist, and mental health professional. The role of the primary care practitioner is to help determine the need for hospitalization and to manage medical complications (e.g., arrhythmias, refeeding syndrome, osteoporosis, and electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia). CONCLUSION: Primary care providers have an important role in detecting and managing eating disorders.
ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEDULE OF DNA REPLICATION IN HEAT-SYNCHRONIZED TETRAHYMENA

The temporal schedule of DNA replication in heat-synchronized Tetrahymena was studied by autoradiographic and cytofluorometric methods. It was shown that some cells, which were synchronized by selection of individual dividing cells or by temporary thymidine starvation, incorporated [3H]thymidine into macronuclei in a periodic fashion during the heat-shock treatment. It was concluded that supernumerary S periods occurred while cell division was blocked by high temperature. The proportion of cells which initiated supernumerary S periods was found to be dependent on the duration of the heat-shock treatment and on the cell cycle stage when the first heat shock was applied. Cytofluorometric measurements of Feulgen-stained macronuclei during the heat-shock treatment indicated that the DNA complement of these cells was substantially increased and probably duplicated during the course of each S period. Estimates of DNA content also suggested that the rate of DNA synthesis progressively declined during long heat-shock treatments. These results indicate that the mechanism which brings about heat-induced division synchrony is not an interruption of the process of DNA replication. Further experiments were concerned with the regulation of DNA synthesis during the first synchronized division cycle. It was shown that participation in DNA synthesis at this time increased as more cells were able to conclude the terminal S period during the preceding heat-shock treatment. It is suggested that a discrete period of time is necessary after the completion of DNA synthesis before another round of DNA synthesis can be initiated.
Differential Power Processing for DC Systems

This paper introduces an approach to dc power delivery that reduces power loss by minimizing redundant energy conversion. Existing power distribution techniques tend to increase the number of cascaded conversion stages, which limits overall efficiency. Differential power processing enables independent load regulation, while processing only a small portion of the total load power. Bulk power conversion occurs once. Load voltage domains are connected in series, and differential converters act as controllable current sources to regulate intermediate nodes. This enables independent, low supply voltages, which can reduce system energy consumption, especially in digital circuits and solid-state lighting. Since differential voltage regulators process a fraction of the load power, decreased size, cost, and conversion losses are attainable. Under balanced load conditions, secondary differential converters do not process any power. This paper analyzes several differential power delivery architectures that can be applied to homogenous and heterogeneous loads at various levels: chip, board, blade, etc. A variety of operating conditions for a test system with four series voltage domains are examined in simulation and verified with experimental hardware. Results in a reference application show a 7–8% decrease in input power and 6–7 percentage points increase in overall conversion efficiency as compared to a conventional cascaded approach.
Effects of high ambient temperature on respiration rate, rectal temperature, fetal development and thyrold gland activity in tropical and temperate breeds of sheep

The effects of high ambient temperatures on rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), fetal development and serum thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations were stuaied in two experiments involving 35 ewes and 26 lambs from the following ewe groups: 1) Barbados Blackbelly (B), a tropical breed; 2) Dorset (D), a temperate breed; and 3) Blackbelly x Dorset crosses (BxD). Data were obtained on four B, five D and five BxD ewes exhibiting estrus during the summer (Exp. 1). In Exp. 2, eight B, seven D and six BxD ewes were maintained in two environmental chambers (cool, 22.2C; hot, 33.8C) from day 125 of gestation to seven days before the expected lambing date for each breed group (D and BxD, 140+/-1; B, 144+/-1 day of gestation). The B and BxD ewes were more heat-tolerant than D ewes as measured by significantly lower RT and RR in each experiment. Mean lamb birth weight, crown-rump length, number of functional uterine caruncles and caruncle weight and size did not vary significantly among breed groups or temperature chamber (Exp. 2), and there was no indication that the high temperature imposed caused fetal dwarfing in lambs removed from the uterus at a standard age of seven days before expected parturition. Serum T(4) varied markedly among breed groups (P<0.05) in each experiment with B ewes having the lowest and BxD ewes the highest concentration. In Exp. 1, follicular stage T(4) concentrations in B and BxD ewes were lower (P<0.02) than those during the luteal stage of the estrous cycle. The decrease in D ewes was not significant. High ambient temperature (Exp. 2) depressed T(4) levels in D ewes (P<0.05) and also depressed the pituitary-thyroid response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in D lambs. Such was not the case in B and BxD ewes and their lambs.
Impact of a North American Isolate of the Microsporidium Nosema carpocapsae on a Laboratory Population of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella

Nosema carpocapsae is a microsporidian pathogen of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. We report the occurrence of this pathogen in a colony originating from collections made in the United States. This is the first record of N. carpocapsae infecting North American codling moths. This North American isolate of N. carpocapsae was indistinguishable from isolates received from New Zealand and Bulgaria, based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequencing, but was more virulent than the previously described New Zealand isolate. In the laboratory, infected larvae and pupae had increased mortality compared to their uninfected counterparts and developmental time increased by 1 week. There was no effect on female fecundity. Within a cohort of eggs laid by infected females, neonates that emerged first were more likely to be uninfected. We established an uninfected colony by interrupting horizontal transmission and only utilizing the larvae that emerged from the first-laid eggs.
Anaesthesia for diagnostic muscle biopsy in an infant with Pompe's disease.

The anaesthetic management of children with glycogen-storage disease type lia (Pompe’s disease) presents a variety of challenges. A modification of a femoral nerve block, the inguinal paravascular block, as described by Winnie, was used in conjunction with intravenous ketamine to provide anaesthesia for a diagnostic muscle biopsy in a 5.5-month-old infant with Pompe’s disease. A peripheral nerve stimulator was used to locate the femoral nerve in lieu of eliciting a paraesthesia.
Magneto-structural analysis of the fermilab TQC Nb3Sn high gradient quadrupole end region

Abstract The Fermilab TQC magnets are Nb 3 Sn technological quadrupoles based on the collar-yoke-skin mechanical structure. These magnets, with an aperture of 90 mm, have a design gradient in excess of 200 T/m. In operation the conductor is subjected to forces which tend to pull it away from the poles and endparts to which it is bonded. Given the implications of bond failure for quench initiation, it is of interest to simulate the behavior of these interfaces. The ANSYS general purpose finite element program is used to perform both the magnetic and structural analyses. Interface elements between bonded parts are monitored during assembly, cool down, and excitation, and the birth–death capability of the program is applied to remove from the solution those portions of the interface which experience a tensile stress in excess of a presumed bond failure stress. The cracking of previously bonded interfaces can be tracked graphically over the range of operation. Emphasis will be placed on the details of the magnetic simulation, the implementation of various interface conditions, and the effects (and shortcomings) of material property models.
Marked hyperferritinemia does not predict for HLH in the adult population

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome of uncontrolled immune activation that has gained increasing attention during the last decade. The diagnosis of HLH is based on a constellation of clinical and laboratory abnormalities, including elevated serum ferritin levels. In the pediatric population, marked hyperferritinemia is specific for HLH. To determine what conditions are associated with profoundly elevated ferritin in the adult population, we performed a retrospective analysis in a large academic health care system. We identified 113 patients with serum ferritin levels higher than 50,000 µg/L. The most frequently observed conditions included renal failure, hepatocellular injury, infections, and hematologic malignancies. Our results suggest that marked hyperferritinemia can be seen in a variety of conditions and is not specific for HLH in adults.
Time trends in exposure measurements from OSHA compliance inspections of the pulp and paper industry.

Time trends in employee exposures to the air contaminants measured by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) during compliance inspections of pulp and paper manufacturing facilities conducted between 1979 and 1997 were evaluated based on the measurement results stored in the OSHA Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) database. The IMIS database is among the largest sources of occupational exposure measurements available for occupational health research in the United States. The IMIS database contains the results of 3568 personal time-weighted average (TWA) measurements for 171 air contaminants made at 524 establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 26. An analysis of these measurements revealed an overall decrease in the total number of measurements made per year since 1991, and a decrease in the percentage of measurements by year that exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limits (PELs). Linear regression analyses detected decreasing trends in the geometric mean...
Cyclic nucleotide-phosphodiesterase in the uninvolved and involved skin of psoriasis.

In the present study we have compared cyclic nucleotide-phosphodiesterase activities and affinity of phosphodiesterase for substrates (Km) in enzyme preparations obtained from the involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. With crude skin homogenates we consistently obtained two Km values (high and low) for both the involved and uninvolved, and both Km values were nearly identical between the involved and uninvolved. The same conclusion is also drawn from the Km determinations with partially purified preparations. Cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase activities with crude homogenates showed no statistically significant differences between the involved and the uninvolved skin. However, when cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase activities were compared with a highly sensitive assay method in "pure" epidermal samples, which were microdissected free from stratum corneum, dermis and skin appendages, the involved skin contained 40% more activity of the low Kin enzyme and 100% more of the high Km enzyme of both cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP- phosphodiesterase. It is suggested that this may be due to a higher proportion of germinative cells in the lesional epidermis.
Future economic developments: A Delphi survey

Abstract A detailed survey exploring the views of American, economists on economic, social and political trends throughout the rest of the century. It reveals that conservative assessment of developmental alternatives prevails over the expectation of any radical change. The tendency to regard the developments in most areas as simple extrapolations of current situations seems typical of present economic thinking and its inputs into a decision-making process, and thus significant for research into future-oriented policies.
Conversational coherence: discourse analysis of older adults with and without dementia

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the discourse profiles of 30 nursing home residents with dementia and of 30 healthy older adults. A total of 60 transcripts of interview style conversations were analyzed using a discourse analysis schema. The results revealed a higher frequency of discourse building features, such as coherence and cohesion, for healthy adults compared to adults with dementia. Conversely, discourse-impairing features, such as disruptive topic shifts and empty phrases, were found more often in conversations of adults with dementia compared to healthy adults. Conversational partners deviated from their conversation protocol when talking to adults with dementia by including facilitative strategies in the conversation. Discourse features in interview style conversations in adults with dementia reflect declines in their memory.
An Improved Method for Predicting Minor-Axis Shear Stresses in Rectangular Shafts Under Torsion Using Optimization Polynomials

This paper presents four new approximation formulas for predicting the shear stress in rectangular members subjected to torque loading. The results are developed using a hybrid optimization method applied to a polynomial merit function to predict the maximum shear stress along the center of the shorter side of a rectangular cross section subjected to a torque. The results of this optimization process are shown to be highly accurate and easy to apply. It is believed that this is the first time that this approach has been applied to find this component of the shear stress. This paper includes an example application to illustrate the use of the approximate polynomials developed. The results are shown to be especially relevant to rectangular members that are subjected to combined torsion and bending.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Optimized Realization of Fault-Tolerant Heteropolar Magnetic Bearings

Flux coupling in heteropolar magnetic bearings permits remaining active coils to assume actions of failed coils to produce force resultants identical to the un-failed actuator. This fault-tolerant control usually reduces load capacity because the redistribution of the magnetic flux which compensates for the failed coils leads to premature saturation in the stator or journal. A distribution matrix of voltages which consists of a redefined biasing voltage vector and two control voltage vectors can be optimized in a manner that reduces the peak flux density. An elegant optimization method using the Lagrange multiplier is presented in this paper. The linearized control forces can be realized up to certain combination of 5 poles failed for the 8 pole magnetic bearing. Position stiffness and voltage stiffness are calculated for the fault-tolerant magnetic bearings, Simulations show that fault-tolerant control of the multiple poles failed magnetic bearings with a horizontal flexible rotor can be achieved with reduced load capacity.
Disorders of Sexual Differentiation

The term, disorders of sexual differentiation, broadly represents a disjunction between genotype and phenotype. Phenotype in turn can refer to external or internal genital development. Disorders of sexual differentiation are determined at conception insofar as (1) the abnormal genotype is the aberrant genetic product of fertilization at the chromosomal level or (2) the abnormal phenotype results from postfertilization errors in function at the gene level, somewhere along the pathway of transcription and translation. In either event, the error is genetic, whether or not sporadic or inherited, even if the pathways have yet to be fully elucidated for a given disorder.
Submillimeter laser stark spectroscopy of methy chloride at 311 μm

$^{1}$L.H. Johnston, R.P. Srivastava, and R.M. Lees, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 84, 1-40 (1980). $^{2}$G. Graner, Molecular Physics 31, 1833-43 (1976).
Characterization of density fluctuations during ELMs in the DIII-D tokamak

Bursts of turbulence associated with ELMs have been studied systematically in DIII-D with a multichannel phase contrast imaging (PCI) diagnostic, which is sensitive to the long poloidal wavelength components of the density fluctuations in the outer edge of the tokamak. A comparison of the temporal dynamics of the turbulence with the signature D-alpha signal from the divertor has revealed systematic differences between type I and type III ELMs: even though precursor fluctuations are sometimes seen before type I ELMs, the PCI signal level remains high until the peak in the D-alpha signal: by contrast, in type III ELMs the fluctuation burst precedes the D-alpha peak by 0.4-0.6 ms. Type I ELMs can generate 'echoes', i.e. secondary bursts. in the scrape-off layer, Coherent modes are observed during type III ELMs only. The radial and temporal correlation structures and the spectral properties of the turbulence during the transient ELM phase have been reconstructed by averaging over multiple ELMs. in order to improve the statistical accuracy. ELM turbulence is found to share many properties with L mode turbulence, including the main qualitative features of radial wavenumber and frequency spectra and radial dispersion relations. However, features unique to ELM turbulence are also identified.
Intensities of electronic Raman scattering between crystal-field levels of Ce3+ in LuPO4: nonresonant and near-resonant excitation

The relative intensities of the electronic Raman scattering between individual crystal-field states of the 4${f}^{1}$ configuration of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ in ${\mathrm{LuPO}}_{4}$ are compared to those calculated with use of the standard second-order theory, and also by explicitly evaluating the sum over the virtual intermediate states using the crystal-field wave functions and observed energies of the 5${d}^{1}$ configuration. The results show that the explicit calculation predicts the observed relative intensities much more accurately than the standard theory. In addition, a change in the incident laser energy from the argon-ion green line (514.5 nm) to that of the frequency-tripled output of a ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$:YAG (355 nm) laser results in enhancements of the electronic Raman scattering intensities by factors on the order of 100. These enhancements are accurately predicted by the explicit calculation.
Systolic 3D first-pass myocardial perfusion MRI: Comparison with diastolic imaging in healthy subjects

Three-dimensional (3D) first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a promising alternative to conventional two-dimensional multislice MPI due to its contiguous spatial coverage that is beneficial for estimating the size of perfusion defects. Data acquisition at mid-diastole is a typical choice for 3D MPI yet is sensitive to arrhythmia and variations in R-R interval that are common in cardiac patients. End systole is the second longest quiescent cardiac phase and is known to be less sensitive to the R-R variability. Therefore, 3D MPI with systolic acquisition may be advantageous in patients with severe arrhythmia once it is proven to be comparable to diastolic MPI in subjects with negligible R-R variation. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of 3D MPI with systolic data acquisition in five healthy subjects. We performed 3D MPI experiments in which 3D perfusion data were acquired at both end-systole and mid-diastole of every R-R interval and analyzed the similarity between resulting time intensity curves (TIC) from the two data sets. The correlation between systolic and diastolic TICs was extremely high (mean = 0.9841; standard deviation = 0.0166), and there was a significant linear correlation between the two time intensity curve upslopes and peak enhancements (P < 0.001).
Mining characteristic rules for understanding simulation data

The Marine Corps' Project Albert seeks to model complex phenomenon by observing the behavior of relatively simple simulations over thousands of runs. These simulations are based upon lightweight agents, whose essential behavior has been distilled down to a small number of rules. By varying the parameters of these rules, Project Albert simulations can explore emergent complex nonlinear behaviors with the aim of developing insight not readily provided by first principle mathematical models. Thousands of runs of Albert simulation models create large amount of data that describe the association/correlation between the simulation input and output parameters. Understanding the associations between the simulation input and output parameters is critical to understanding the simulated complex phenomenon. This paper presents a data mining approach to analyzing the large scale and highly uncertain Albert simulation data. Specifically, a characteristic rule discovery algorithm is described in the paper together with its application to the Albert simulation runtime data.
Introgressive Hybridization of Redband Trout in the Upper McCloud River Watershed

Abstract Introgressive hybridization is an obstacle to the conservation of many species and subspecies. Diagnostic genetic markers or markers with high allele frequency differentials, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are becoming increasingly useful for detecting introgression between species or subspecies, such as subspecies of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss known as redband trout in the upper McCloud River watershed. Using a diagnostic mitochondrial SNP as well as nine nuclear SNPs, we quantified introgression levels between native redband trout and nonnative rainbow trout at 14 locations in the upper McCloud watershed and two locations in the lower McCloud region. Our analyses suggest that Sheepheaven, Edson, Moosehead, and Swamp creeks contain a large portion of the nonintrogressed redband trout individuals remaining in the upper McCloud watershed, implying a dramatic loss of populations free from introgressive hybridization. The results of this study have key management implications...
Leveraging endpoint flexibility in data-intensive clusters

Many applications do not constrain the destinations of their network transfers. New opportunities emerge when such transfers contribute a large amount of network bytes. By choosing the endpoints to avoid congested links, completion times of these transfers as well as that of others without similar flexibility can be improved. In this paper, we focus on leveraging the flexibility in replica placement during writes to cluster file systems (CFSes), which account for almost half of all cross-rack traffic in data-intensive clusters. The replicas of a CFS write can be placed in any subset of machines as long as they are in multiple fault domains and ensure a balanced use of storage throughout the cluster.We study CFS interactions with the cluster network, analyze optimizations for replica placement, and propose Sinbad -- a system that identifies imbalance and adapts replica destinations to navigate around congested links. Experiments on EC2 and trace-driven simulations show that block writes complete 1.3X (respectively, 1.58X) faster as the network becomes more balanced. As a collateral benefit, end-to-end completion times of data-intensive jobs improve as well. Sinbad does so with little impact on the long-term storage balance.
Photophysical studies of pyrene on oxide supports. The effect of surface modification on probe dispersion and mobility

Abstract The pyrene monomer—excimer system was studied, under oxygen-free conditions, on silica and silylated silica in the loading range 2–200 μmole pyrene/g oxide. An analysis of the non-exponential monomer fluorescence decays in terms of a statistical model for probe adsorption and diffusive excimer formation is reported.
Checklist of the cicadas of French Guiana including new records and the description of nine new species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Sanborn A. F. 2011. — Checklist of the cicadas of French Guiana including new records and the description of nine new species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae). Zoosystema 33 (3): 377–418.
Evidence-Based And Value-Based Formulary Guidelines

Health plans and hospitals have long used drug formularies, but the processes by which formulary committees made decisions have typically lacked transparency and scientific rigor. A growing number of organizations have begun implementing formulary guidelines issued by the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP). These guidelines call for health plans to request formally that drug companies present a standardized "dossier" that contains detailed information not only on the drug's effectiveness and safety but also on its economic value relative to alternative therapies. This paper describes the guidelines, reviews progress to date, and analyzes several critical issues for the future.
Adults' values and attitudes about genetic testing for obesity risk in children.

Objective. We explored personal attitudes about genetic testing of children for obesity risk among parents of overweight children. We also gathered telephone opinions from the parents and from obes...
Physical maturation and age estimates of yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in Amboseli National Park, Kenya

In a longitudinal study of individually identified wild baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, we collected data on physical development and reproductive maturation. Confirming and extending our earlier results, we demonstrated that the ratio of ages at which developmental milestones occur in the field as compared to those under extensive provisioning or in captivity were approximately 5:3. The age range for some developmental milestones was quite narrow and discrete, while for others there was considerable between-individual variability and more gradual changes. For infants, only the change from pink to gray of the paracallosal skin occurred within a brief age span. For older animals two important developmental events are readily identified and occur within a fairly narrow age range: Rapid enlargement of testes at 5 to 6 years for males and onset of menarche at 4 to 5 ½ years for females. In the present report, we considered some consequences of accelerated or delayed maturation. We further explored the need to employ different age-class criteria for different research problems.
Introduction to Aging: A Positive, Interdisciplinary Approach

This new book focuses on the positive aspects of aging. It surveys a variety of aging issues in the 21st-century context. The text broadly discussed the realities of growing older, the diverse livi...
Legitimate Expectations: An Overview

(2010). Legitimate Expectations: An Overview. Judicial Review: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 388-393.
Gaps and Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements for Digital Divide/s

Three arguments are raised in this article with regard to the indices used to measure the digital divide. First, I criticize policymakers who rely on simplistic measures of the digital divide, at the expense of a thoughtful analysis of (1) the purpose of the tool, (2) the level of observation, and (3) the method of approaching the data. Second, I argue that networks and associated technologies are not neutral artifacts but are political and social spaces in their structure as well as in their content levels. Accordingly, we need to factor in the context as an important actor in conceptualizing and measuring the digital divide. Third, two general types of indices are used for the measurement of the digital divide(s): focused monotopical indices and comprehensive indices. Monotopical indices are more widely available, while comprehensive ones are rare. I argue that policymakers need to promote comprehensive indices over monotopical indices. Finally, I present a conceptual definition of the digital divide and a framework for developing a comprehensive index to measure it.
Auditory Spatial Receptive Fields Created by Multiplication

Examples of multiplication by neurons or neural circuits are scarce, although many computational models use this basic operation. The owl's auditory system computes interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences to create a two-dimensional map of auditory space. Space-specific neurons are selective for combinations of ITD and ILD, which define, respectively, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of their receptive fields. A multiplication of separate postsynaptic potentials tuned to ITD and ILD, rather than an addition, can account for the subthreshold responses of these neurons to ITD-ILD pairs. Other nonlinear processes improve the spatial tuning of the spike output and reduce the fit to the multiplicative model.
Pilot evaluation of a substance abuse prevention group intervention for at-risk bariatric surgery candidates.

Abstract Background Concerns have been raised about an increased incidence of substance abuse after bariatric surgery. Alcohol use after surgery may be particularly problematic because of changes in pharmacokinetics leading to greater intoxication. The present study evaluated a substance abuse prevention group pilot intervention for at-risk bariatric surgery candidates. Methods Patients with a history of substance abuse/dependence or at-risk substance use applying for weight loss surgery (WLS; N=86) were referred to a single-session 90-minute intervention (67.4% female; 65.1% Caucasian; mean age 46.2 years; mean body mass index 48.77 kg/m 2 ). The session included education about the health effects of alcohol/substances on WLS outcomes, developing alternative coping strategies, identifying warning signs of misuse, and providing treatment resources. Patients completed a preintervention and postintervention questionnaire measuring knowledge of substance use health effects, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption Items, and items on motivation for abstinence. Results Patients reported a significant increase in knowledge regarding the negative effects of substance abuse after surgery ( t = 42.34; P t = 18.96; P χ 2 = 16.18; P χ 2 = 102.89; P Conclusions At-risk patients applying for weight loss surgery may benefit from a substance abuse prevention intervention. More research will be needed to see if such benefits can be sustained over time and if interventions affect postsurgical behaviors.
Why is the functional independence measure used to identify some rehabilitation needs in stroke survivors when there are better tools

CAROLEE WINSTEIN Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University ofSouthern California, USAFollowing a stroke, once patients are stabi-lized, physiotherapists begin to focus ongetting them back to their normal activitiesand life roles as quickly as possible. But,since most strokes primarily affect one sideof the body, that job can become a compli-cated one. The question becomes whether toteach the individual to perform certainactivities using primarily the unaffected sideof the body — a compensatory approach —or to focus on ways to re-establish functionusing the affected side — a functionalrecovery approach (Barreca et al., 2003).With the shift toward evidence-basedpractice in twenty-first century physio-therapy, many therapists want to determinewhich approach is indicated for theirpatients. An examination of current practicepatterns, however, suggests that cliniciansare slow to incorporate the scientificevidence (De Weerdt and Feys, 2002). Thisis particularly true for determining whichapproach to take for upper extremity reha-bilitation after stroke (Van Vliet and Turton,2001). In most cases, the approach of choiceis determined by standard measures, such asthe functional independence measure(FIM), and is motivated primarily by thedesire to see quick changes in a person’sburden of care (that is, FIM change score).This situation has come about notbecause therapists are resistant to usingevidence to drive their practice, but becauseof the widespread adoption of the FIM asthe primary outcome measure for rehabilita-tion effectiveness. The FIM is designed tomeasure the burden of care, more so than‘function’. This is particularly true for theupper extremity. For example, we can obtaina perfect score (independent function) onthe upper extremity self-care subscale of theFIM by using only one arm and hand tocomplete tasks (Nakayama et al., 1994).The perfect score on self-care is interpretedas a positive outcome because the burden ofcare is reduced, but the paretic side has notchanged at all in this scenario (Oczkowskiand Barreca, 1993).In other words, if the therapist’s lonegoal is to see a patient improve his or herability to complete a limited set of tasksindependently, the therapist could train thatpatient to compensate for lost motor skillsby learning to do those tasks with the unaf-
Forward and adjoint methods for radiotherapy planning

The sensitivity theory developed for nuclear engineering applications is applied to radiotherapy planning. After emphasizing the mathematical equivalence of solving the Boltzmann equation in forward and adjoint spaces both mathematical approaches are implemented to calculate the sensitivities of the dose distributions in a mathematical phantom to changes in the source of radiation. The tagging of the functionals of the radiation field with the origin of the source (forward or adjoint) makes possible the calculation of the sensitivity of the dose to the position, angular distribution, intensity, and spectra of the source, in a very efficient way by using present day available codes and hardware. There is then a potential for a new, accurate and potentially faster method that does not rely on a trial and error methodology.
Analysis and Testing of a LIDAR-Based Approach to Terrain Relative Navigation for Precise Lunar Landing

Capability for precise lunar landing is the goal for future NASA missions. A LIDAR-based terrain relative navigation (TRN) approach lets us achieve this goal and also land under any illumination conditions. Results from field test data showed that the LIDAR TRN algorithm obtained position estimates with mean error of about 20 meters and standard deviations of about 10 meters. Moreover, the algorithm was capable of providing 99 percent correct estimates by assessing the local terrain relief in the data. Also, the algorithm was able to handle initial position uncertainty of up to 1.6 kilometers without performance degradation.
Climate shifts

We are all affected by our immediate context and its political, environmental, cultural, and temporal influences. Climate Shifts juxtaposes various locations around the globe and their points of view through local news headlines and weather data. Differences in concerns and perspectives emerge, sometimes about the same world events, allowing a glimpse into the collective psyche of each place.
A Terminally Bound Niobium Methylidyne.

Complex (PNP)Nb(CH3)2(OAr) (PNP = N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]2–, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), prepared from treatment of (PNP)NbCl3 with NaOAr followed by 2 equiv of H3CMgCl, can be oxidized with [FeCp2][OTf] to afford (PNP)Nb(CH3)2(OAr)(OTf). While photolysis of the latter resulted in formation of a rare example of a niobium methylidene, (PNP)Nb═CH2(OAr)(OTf), treatment of the dimethyl triflate precursor with the ylide H2CPPh3 produced the mononuclear group 5 methylidyne complex, (PNP)Nb≡CH(OAr). Adding a Bronsted base to (PNP)Nb═CH2(OAr)(OTf) also resulted in formation of the methylidyne. Solid-state structural analysis confirms both methylidene and methylidyne moieties to be terminal, having very short Nb–C distances of 1.963(2) and 1.820(2) A, respectively. It is also shown that methylidyne for nitride cross-metathesis between (PNP)Nb≡CH(OAr) and NCR (R = tert-butyl or 1-adamantyl) results in formation of a neutral and mononuclear niobium nitride, (PNP)Nb≡N(OAr), along with the terminal alkyne HC≡CR.
Effect of estrogens on myocardial sensitivity to toxic effects of digoxin.

Summary and ConclusionThe data in our study indicate that estrogenic hormones exert a protective action against the toxic effects of digoxin on the myocardium. Male dogs and castrate female dogs have been found to be highly sensitive to toxic manifestations of a cardiac glycoside on cardiac rhythm, in comparison with normal females in anestrus, or castrate females treated with estrogenic substance. A high degree of resistance to toxicity of digoxin was exhibited by the 3 normal females in natural estrus which were available.
The Behavioral Sciences and the Study of Political Things: The Case of Christian Bay's The Structure of Freedom *

One result of the advent of the behavioral sciences in political science is that political things are now being studied, to an ever increasing extent, by men with little or no training in political science. Of the 27 authors of essays in the Burdick and Brodbeck volume, American Voting Behavior , for example, only six are political scientists, the others being mainly sociologists, social psychiatrists, and, to a surprising extent, psychiatrists; so that if people were once thought to vote for political reasons, and if a decade ago they were said to vote for sociological reasons, we are now told that in fact votes are expressions of “individual needs to secure gratification of repressed wishes for a certain type of parental image ….” I use the example of voting studies because it is in this area that the approach and the research techniques of modern behavioral science are said to have had the greatest impact. There would be no disposition to resist this development—certainly it would be indefensible for political science to cut itself off from the insights provided by other social sciences—were it not for the tendency in such works for the political to be reduced to the sub-political and the danger that in this process the political will disappear altogether, so that we will have a political science that refuses to address itself to political questions. This is not a remote possibility. The basic premise of modern social science is the so-called distinction between facts and values.
Gross Morphology of the Plasmodium and its Possible Significance in the Relationships Among the Myxomycetes

(1960). Gross Morphology of the Plasmodium and its Possible Significance in the Relationships Among the Myxomycetes. Mycologia: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 1-20.
Predation by a Brown Pelican at a Mixed-Species Heronry

Description de la predation exercee sur des œufs et des jeunes au nid de differentes especes d'Aigrettes par un individu de Pelecanus occidentalis californicus
Multi-Minicore and Central Core Disease

A genome-wide screening was conducted in a consanguinous Algerian family with 3 children with multicore disease at the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France, and other centers.
CIRCULATING HU PROTEIN ASSESSMENT FOR ARRHYTHMIC RISK STRATIFICATION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

Cardiac arrhythmias associated with heart failure (HF) cause a significant number of deaths worldwide, and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has emerged as an important treatment option for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. Nevertheless, current risk stratification is
LIFESTYLE CONTRIBUTORS TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK

OF DISSERTATION LIFESTYLE CONTRIBUTORS TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK Aortic stiffness is an independent risk factor that has prognostic value regarding future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events such as myocardial infarction, strokes, and heart failure. Although death rates due to coronary heart disease have declined in recent years, the leading global killer remains CVD and prevalence is still high. Understanding lifestyle contributors associated with aortic stiffness would provide the public with insight into targeting key healthrelated behaviors. The purpose of this observational study was to examine the association of physical activity, physical function, and dietary quality as independent factors contributing to aortic stiffness in apparently healthy middle aged men. Fifty-two men between the ages of 30 and 59 years were recruited to participate in this study, which required two visits to the Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Aortic stiffness was measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and was not associated with total daily step counts (r=-0.06; P=0.70). However, aortic stiffness was inversely associated with physical function, determined with the sitting-rising test score (r=-0.44; P<0.01) and inversely associated with relative muscular strength, determined with peak handgrip strength in both hands normalized to body mass (r=-0.41; P<0.01). Additionally, aortic stiffness was inversely associated with dietary quality, determined with the Healthy Eating Index score (r=0.51; P<0.01). In conclusion, key health-related behaviors in this study that explained a large percentage of the variation in aortic stiffness were physical function and dietary quality (Adj r2=0.47; SEE=0.634). Hence, optimizing overall musculoskeletal fitness by focusing on strength, balance, coordination, and flexibility in addition to greater adherence to the U.S. Dietary Guidelines are key lifestyle contributors associated with reduced CVD risk in otherwise healthy middle aged men.
Representation and synthesis of melodic expression

A method for expressive melody synthesis is presented seeking to capture the prosodic (stress and directional) element of musical interpretation. An expressive performance is represented as a notelevel annotation, classifying each note according to a small alphabet of symbols describing the role of the note within a larger context. An audio performance of the melody is represented in terms of two time-varying functions describing the evolving frequency and intensity. A method is presented that transforms the expressive annotation into the frequency and intensity functions, thus giving the audio performance. The problem of expressive rendering is then cast as estimation of the most likely sequence of hidden variables corresponding to the prosodic annotation. Examples are presented on a dataset of around 50 folk-like melodies, realized both from hand-marked and estimated annotations.
G protein-coupled receptor heterocomplexes in neuropsychiatric disorders.

G protein-coupled receptors (or GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are the target of approximately half of all therapeutic drugs. GPCRs contain a conserved structure of seven transmembrane domains. Their amino terminus is located extracellularly, whereas the carboxy terminus extends into the cytoplasm. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs exist and function as monomeric entities. Nevertheless, more recent findings indicate that GPCRs can also form dimers or even higher order oligomers. The differential pharmacological and signaling properties of GPCR heteromeric complexes hint that their physiological effects may be different as compared to those obtained in tissue cultures that express a particular GPCR. In this chapter, we review current data on the role of GPCR heteromerization in receptor signaling, as well as its potential implication in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson’s disease.
Radiation-induced cataracts in staff engaged in interventional procedures

Among the radiation effects currently of concern, cataract is the main possibility among interventionalists. Radiation induced eye lens opacities have been found in 1/3rd to half of the operators in interventional suites primarily among interventional cardiologists (ICs) but this may apply to interventional radiologists, electro-physiologists and vascular surgeons as well, who perform similar magnitude of work as ICs. Further, nurses in interventional suites who stay inside for most of the time when radiation beam is ON have been shown to have lens opacities. Data among other category of medical professionals like orthopaedic surgeons, urologists, gastroenterologists and anaesthetists is awaited but lack of use of protective means that is common, tends to indicate that they too may have significant risk. A recent study indicates higher doses to eye lens among urologists, even more than ICs. Most studies so far have shown lens opacities rather than frank cataract, but data from A Bomb survivors indicates that lens opacities have the potential to lead to cataract after several years of latent period. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has reduced dose limits for occupational exposure for the eyes from 150 mSv/year to 20 mSv/year and this has been adopted by the European Commission in its BSS and also by the international BSS of IAEA. There is great momentum currently in large part of the world in this area. While the risk is real, the avoidance is also a real possibility.
The Informational Role of the Media in Private Lending

We investigate whether a borrower's media coverage influences the syndicated loan origination and participation decisions of informationally disadvantaged lenders, loan syndicate structures, and interest spreads. In syndicated loan deals, information asymmetries can exist between lenders that have a relationship with a borrower and less informed, nonrelationship lenders competing to serve as lead arranger on a syndicated loan, and also between lead arrangers and less informed syndicate participants. Theory suggests that the aggressiveness with which less informed lenders compete for a loan deal increases in the sentiment of public information signals about a borrower. We extend this theory to syndicated loans and hypothesize that the likelihood of less informed lenders serving as the lead arranger or joining a loan syndicate is increasing in the sentiment of media-initiated, borrower-specific articles published prior to loan origination. We find that as media sentiment increases (1) outside, nonrelationship lenders have a higher probability of originating loans; (2) syndicate participants are less likely to have a previous relationship with the borrower or lead bank; (3) lead banks retain a lower percentage of loans; and (4) loan spreads decrease.