cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant liposomes protect against CEES-induced lung injury by decreasing SAF-1/MAZ-mediated inflammation in the guinea pig lung

We reported earlier in a guinea pig model that exposure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a mustard gas analog, causes lung injury associated with the activation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Our earlier studies also revealed that antioxidant liposomes can be used as antidotes. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, either alone or in combination, can induce the activation of another group of transcription factors, namely SAF-1 (serum accelerator factor-1)/MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger protein). Phosphorylation of SAF-1 via MAPK markedly increases its DNA-binding and transactivational potential. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether CEES exposure causes activation of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and SAF-1/MAZ and whether these effects can be prevented by antioxidant liposomes. A single dose (200 microL) of the antioxidant liposome mixture was administered intratracheally after 5 min of exposure of CEES (0.5 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed either 1 h or 30 days after CEES exposure. CEES exposure caused an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 beta in the lung along with an increase in the activation of transcription factor SAF-1/MAZ. The antioxidant liposomes treatment significantly blocked the CEES-induced activation of IL-6, IL-1 beta, and SAF-1/MAZ. This might suggest that antioxidant liposomes might offer a potential therapeutic strategy against inflammatory diseases associated with activation of these bioactive molecules.
Near-infrared LIF spectroscopy of HfF

Abstract The molecular ion HfF + is the chosen species for a JILA experiment to measure the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Detailed knowledge of the spectrum of HfF is crucial to prepare HfF + in a state suitable for performing an eEDM measurement [1] . We investigated the near-infrared electronic spectrum of HfF using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of a supersonic molecular beam. We discovered eight unreported bands, and assign each of them unambiguously, four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition [13.8]0.5 ← X 1.5, and four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition [14.2]1.5 ← X 1.5. Additionally, we report an improved measurement of vibrational spacing of the ground state, as well as anharmonicity ω e x e .
Calibration, information, and control strategies for braking to avoid a collision.

This study explored visual control strategies for braking to avoid collision by manipulating information about speed of self-motion. Participants watched computer-generated displays and used a brake to stop at an object in the path of motion. Global optic flow rate and edge rate were manipulated by adjusting eyeheight and ground-texture size. Stopping distance, initiation of braking, and the magnitude of brake adjustments were influenced by both optical variables, but global optic flow rate had a stronger effect. A new model is introduced according to which braking is controlled by keeping the perceived ideal deceleration, based in part on global optic flow rate, within a "safe" region between 0 and the maximum deceleration of the brake. Language: en
Revisional surgery of nasoethmoidal orbital fractures

Revisional surgery of nasoethmoidal orbital injuries is best accomplished when the original injury can be recreated. The involved facial skeleton is accessed through remote incisions, fractures sites are recreated by osteotomy, missing or deformed bone is replaced, and the realigned skeleton is stabilized with rigid fixation. Key maneuvers in this process include transnasal reduction and fixation of the medial canthal-bearing fragment of the medial orbital rim, reconstruction of the medial internal orbit, and nasal bone grafting. The aesthetic result of these surgeries is usually limited by soft-tissue scarring and contracture from the original injury and previous surgical interventions.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pungent Gingerol Compounds of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

The pungent gingerol compounds of green (4–5 months) and dry (8–9 months) ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were extracted by acetone and analyzed directly by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reverse phase column (RP-18). The total gingerol content (6-, 8- and 10-gingerol) of green ginger ranged from 0.65–0.88% (w/w) while that of dry ginger varied from 1.10–1.56% (w/w).
Peeking in the Black Box Studying, Theorizing, and Representing the Micro-Foundations of Day-to-Day Interactions

The discovery of mirror neurons opens new doors for ethnography. By attending to these advancements in cognitive science, ethnographers are provided firmer ground for investigating perceptual and emotional dynamics that are outside the realm of conscious deliberative processes. In this article, we explore these extra-deliberative processes in order to posit a new way to collect, analyze, and present findings. By examining how extra-deliberative dynamics shape action in systematic ways, we endeavor to bring together two aspects of sociological practice that have been assumed to be incompatible: (1) analytic efforts to build general theory and (2) a focus on emotions and other extra-deliberative dynamics. We conclude by suggesting that insights garnered through the analysis of extra-deliberative processes are optimally communicated using emotionally evocative writing.
The uptake of pentazocine into brain

Abstract A simple procedure for the extraction from tissues and determination by gas chromatography of pentazocine was developed. The mean recovery from brain was 96%. The time- and dose-dependent uptake of pentazocine into the brain was investigated and correlated with the plasma levels of the drug. The results showed a rapid entry of pentazocine into the drug. The results showed a rapid entry of pentazocine into at 2 min and 10 min, respectively, after the i.p. administration. After the injection of a single dose, the ratio, concentration of pentazocine in plasma/concentration of pentazocine in brain was constant from 10–90 min. This ratio remained unchanged over the range of 25–100 mg/kg of administered drug.
A note on the mechanism of action of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase.

Reaction mechanisms involved in the action of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase were investigated during experiments on the effect of deuterium on the enzyme system. Results indicate that the mechanism involves one or more ternary complexes. (C.H.)
Acute jejunogastric intussusception: A rare cause of abdominal pain

We report the case of a 61-year-old man with a history of a Bilroth II procedure who presented to the emergency department after 12 hours of severe epigastric pain and one episode of coffee-ground emesis. Computed tomography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed intussuscepted jejunum through a gastrojejunostomy that required emergency operative reduction. This case illustrates the rare complication of acute jejunogastric intussusception more than 20 years after a Bilroth II procedure.
Response to “Efficacy and safety of sildenafil for the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with hemoglobinopathies: results from a long-term follow up ” Haematologica 2014;99(2):e17–18.

We read with interest the response by Derchi et al .[1][1] to our recent publication[2][2] evaluating the role of sildenafil therapy in thalassemia patients with Doppler-defined risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH). The use of sildenafil in the treatment of PH related to hemoglobinopathies remains
R-curve behavior and micromechanisms of fracture in resin based dental restorative composites.

Abstract The fracture properties and micromechanisms of fracture for two commercial dental composites, one microhybrid (Filtek™Z250) and one nanofill (Filtek™Supreme Plus), were studied by measuring fracture resistance curves ( R -curves) using pre-cracked compact-tension specimens and by conducting both unnotched and double notched four point beam bending experiments. Four point bending experiments showed about 20% higher mean flexural strength of the microhybrid composite compared to the nanofill. Rising fracture resistance was observed over ∼1 mm of crack extension for both composites, and higher overall fracture resistance was observed for the microhybrid composite. Such fracture behavior was attributed to crack deflection and crack bridging toughening mechanisms that developed with crack extension, causing the toughness to increase. Despite the lower strength and toughness of the present nanofill composite, based on micromechanics observations, large nanoparticle clusters appear to be as effective at deflecting cracks and imparting toughening as solid particles. Thus, with further microstructural refinement, it should be possible to achieve a superior combination of aesthetic and mechanical performance using the nanocluster approach for dental composites.
The subprime mortgage crisis and the possible effects on supplier integration strategies

The subprime mortgage crisis and the subsequent credit crunch have raised prices and reduced the availability of credit in markets worldwide. This paper will attempt to define and determine the causes of the subprime crisis, as well as the possible effects that it may have on the horizontal and vertical integration strategies of companies operating in the USA. Although some optimistic analysts believe that credit markets will stabilise by the end of 2008 or 2009, even this group felt that there will not be a return to the liberal spending practices that defined the years leading up to the credit crunch of late 2007. The vast majority of financial analysts reviewed for this research project felt that there is a persistent downturn of the credit marketplace, perhaps implying that a more dramatic change in supply-demand relationships (increasing rates for the demand of oil-based energy sources coupled with a much smaller increase in the supply of such energy) has resulted in the largest shift in pricing of risk and debt in the shortest period of time ever experienced in loan markets, thus indicating a true shift in the financial markets of which there is no return.
A programmable data acquisition and control system for magnetic resonance imaging: application to mutually coupled surface coil arrays and temperature monitoring

A programmable data acquisition and control system was developed for use in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The controller consists of two functional blocks: a host system and a remote system. The remote system resides inside the shielded room housing the magnet. The host, an IBM compatible personal computer, is located at the technician's console. Communication between these devices is implemented over a fiber optic RS-232 data link. This configuration allows experiments to be performed remotely by using a series of keyboard typed commands, by programming the remote system. As an example of its capabilities, the controller was used to tune and match arrays of receiver coils for localized imaging and to record the rectal temperature of a sedated rat during image acquisition. >
A Second Thyroglobulin Messenger RNA Species (rTg-2) in Rat Thyrocytes

A 0.95-kilobase (kb) thyrocyte RNA, initially detected in our 1B-6 subclone of Fisher rat thyrocytes (FRTL-5) using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the 5′ end of rat thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNA, was also detected in cultured thyrocytes of the Wistar rat (WRT cells) and in freshly isolated normal rat thyroid tissue. This transcript was thyroid specific and as abundant as the previously characterized 9.0-kb Tg mRNA in the cultured thyroid cells under the growth conditions employed. The smaller RNA (designated rTg-2 mRNA) was cytoplasmic, polyadenylated, and regulated by TSH. Preliminary characterization with several oligonucleotide probes showed that rTg-2 shared coding information present at the 5′, but not the 3′, end of the 9.0-kb Tg mRNA. Sequencing of the cloned rTg-2 cDNA showed that it was homologous to human and other higher vertebrate Tg cDNAs at its 5′ coding end, but contained additional nonhomologous coding and noncoding sequences at the 3′ end. The junction between the shared and unique s...
Fast multipole representation of Green's function for an impedance half space

Exact and approximate multipole representations for fields of a horizontal and vertical infinitesimal dipole above an impedance surface are derived from the exact image formulation. This multipole expansion is appropriate for application in the fast multipole method (FMM). The new formulation does not impose any restrictions on the location of source or observation point.
Adaptation to knee flexion torque during gait

Studies have shown locomotor adaptation of the ankle to assistive torques, but the ability of the knee to adapt to assistive forces has not yet been explored. Understanding how humans modulate knee joint kinematics during gait could be valuable for designing assistive devices for stroke patients. In this study we examined how healthy subjects adapt to knee flexion torque assistance during gait. We hypothesized that 1) when given assistance subjects would adapt their locomotor patterns to walk with kinematics similar to baseline values and 2) removal of assistance following adaptation would result in substantially reduced knee flexion. Contrary to expectations, data from the five subjects show a weak adaptation and an increase in knee flexion kinematics after forces were removed. These results suggest that neuromuscular control of the knee joint during walking is not strongly modulated by feedforward mechanisms.
Detection of inferolateral trunk syndrome by neuromonitoring during catheter angiography with provocative testing

Background and importance It is not uncommon that endovascular balloon test occlusion (BTO) is performed to assess collateral blood flow and risk of injury of permanent occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). This case is the first reported of detection and reversal of the inferolateral trunk (ILT) syndrome in an awake patient during provocative BTO; prompt recognition of the syndrome effectively prevented permanent neurologic deficits. Clinical presentation The case of a 42-year-old woman is reported who had a left sphenoid wing meningioma with extension into the cavernous sinus and who underwent awake catheter angiography with provocative BTO of the ICA. Serial examinations by intraoperative monitoring neurologists and neurointerventionalists detected acute progressive left retro-orbital pressure followed by sudden inability to adduct the left eye, or a left medial rectus palsy, indicative of the ILT syndrome which led to immediate balloon deflation and resolution of the deficits. The hypothesis was that hypoperfusion of the ILT, an arterial branch of the ICA which provides blood supply to several cranial nerves (CN) III, CN V1 and CN V2, caused her acute symptoms. Conclusion Although cerebral ischemia is a well known complication of endovascular procedures, CN ischemia is a rare potential risk. Knowledge of cerebrovascular anatomy and serial examinations prevented neurologic deficits; this case underscores the added utility of examinations by intraoperative monitoring neurologists and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Distributed reasoning for multiagent simple temporal problems

This research focuses on building foundational algorithms for scheduling agents that assist people in managing their activities in environments where tempo and complex activity interdependencies outstrip people's cognitive capacity. We address the critical challenge of reasoning over individuals' interacting schedules to efficiently answer queries about how to meet scheduling goals while respecting individual privacy and autonomy to the extent possible. We formally define the Multiagent Simple Temporal Problem for naturally capturing and reasoning over the distributed but interconnected scheduling problems of multiple individuals. Our hypothesis is that combining bottom-up and top-down approaches will lead to effective solution techniques. In our bottom-up phase, an agent externalizes constraints that compactly summarize how its local subproblem affects other agents' subproblems, whereas in our top-down phase an agent proactively constructs and internalizes new local constraints that decouple its subproblem from others'. We confirm this hypothesis by devising distributed algorithms that calculate summaries of the joint solution space for multiagent scheduling problems, without centralizing or otherwise redistributing the problems. The distributed algorithms permit concurrent execution to achieve significant speedup over the current art and also increase the level of privacy and independence in individual agent reasoning. These algorithms are most advantageous for problems where interactions between the agents are sparse compared to the complexity of agents' individual problems.
Sensitivity evaluation of global resonant H-tree clock distribution networks

A sensitivity analysis of resonant H-tree clock distribution networks is presented in this paper for a TSMC 0.18 ?m CMOS technology. The analysis focuses on the effect of the driving buffer output resistance, on-chip inductor and capacitor size, and signal and shielding transmission line width and spacing on the output voltage swing and power consumption. A two level resonant H-tree network exhibits low sensitivity to these variations.
Parasite Antigen-Driven Basophils Are a Major Source of IL-4 in Human Filarial Infections

Basophil contribution to the IL-4 pool in filarial infections was assessed using PBMC from 20 patients with active filarial infections and from 9 uninfected subjects. Patient basophils released histamine in response to Brugia malayi Ag (BmAg). They also released IL-4 within 2 h after exposure to BmAg, as assessed by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry. This IL-4 induction was Ag specific, as IL-4 was not detected in BmAg-exposed basophils obtained from uninfected subjects. Although there were, on average, 64 times more CD4(+) T cells than basophils in the peripheral circulation of filaria-infected patients, the absolute numbers of basophils and CD4(+) T cells producing IL-4 per 100000 PBMC were equivalent (geometric mean: 16 IL-4-producing basophils/100000 PBMC vs 22 IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells/100000 PBMC). Basophils also released IL-4 in response to both low and high concentrations of BmAg, whereas CD4(+) T cells released IL-4 only after incubation with a high concentration of BmAg, raising the possibility that basophils, due to their lower threshold for activation, may actually release IL-4 more frequently than CD4(+) T cells in vivo. Furthermore, IL-4 production in vitro by Ag-stimulated purified basophils or CD4(+) T cells provided evidence that basophils release greater quantities of IL-4 per cell than CD4(+) T cells in response to BmAg. These results suggest that, when Ag-specific IgE is present in a filaria-infected individual, basophils function to amplify the ongoing Th2 response by releasing IL-4 in greater amounts and possibly more frequently than CD4(+) T cells in response to filarial Ag.
Attempts to Isolate Naturally Occurring Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens from the Ductus Deferens, Testes, and Ceca of Commercial Broiler Breeder Roosters

Abstract Recent studies have shown a significant level of Campylobacter in the semen of midlife and late-life broiler breeder roosters. The present study was conducted to determine if several foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens) could be isolated from the ductus deferens, testes, and ceca of 45- to 65-wk-old commercial broiler breeder roosters. Five roosters from each of 3 separate commercial housed breeder farms were transported to the laboratory. An aseptic necropsy was performed to remove the ductus deferens, testes, and ceca without surface contamination from blood and other tissues. All samples were analyzed for each of the 3 previously mentioned bacteria, total aerobic bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae. None of the 3 foodborne pathogens were isolated from the testes of the 15 commercial roosters. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 1 of the 15 ductus deferens, whereas no Campylobacter or Salmonella were isolated from this tissue. Campylobacter was cultured from the ceca of all 15 roosters, Clostridium perfringens from 14/15, and Salmonella from 2/15. One-quarter of all commercial broiler breeder's semen samples were found to be contaminated with Campylobacter in a previous study; however, this organism as well as Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens were not found in the reproductive tissues located in the abdominal region. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium were occasionally cultured from the ductus deferens. These data suggest that the contamination of semen by these foodborne pathogens is via fecal or cecal contamination as the semen passes through the cloaca and not from bacterial colonization of the testes and ductus deferens.
Stream hierarchy defines riverscape genetics of a North American desert fish

Global climate change is apparent within the Arctic and the south-western deserts of North America, with record drought in the latter reflected within 640 000 km 2 of the Colorado River Basin. To discern the manner by which natural and anthropogenic drivers have compressed Basin-wide fish biodiversity, and to establish a baseline for future climate effects, the Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) was employed to juxtapose fluvial topography against molecular diversities of 1092 Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus discobolus). MtDNA revealed three geomorphically defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs): Bonneville Basin, upper Little Colorado River and the remaining Colorado River Basin. Microsatellite analyses (16 loci) reinforced distinctiveness of the Bonneville Basin and upper Little Colorado River, but subdivided the Colorado River Basin into seven management units (MUs). One represents a cline of three admixed gene pools comprising the mainstem and its lower-gradient tributaries. Six others are not only distinct genetically but also demographically (i.e. migrants/generation <9.7%). Two of these (i.e. Grand Canyon and Canyon de Chelly) are defined by geomorphology, two others (i.e. Fremont-Muddy and San Raphael rivers) are isolated by sharp declivities as they drop precipitously from the west slope into the mainstem Colorado/ Green rivers, another represents an isolated impoundment (i.e. Ringdahl Reservoir), while the last corresponds to a recognized subspecies (i.e. Zuni River, NM). Historical legacies of endemic fishes (ESUs) and their evolutionary potential (MUs) are clearly represented in our data, yet their arbiter will be the unrelenting natural and anthropogenic water depletions that will precipitate yet another conservation conflict within this unique but arid region.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of urokinase-type plasminogen activator is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Internalization of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) requires two receptors, the uPA receptor (uPAR) and the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)/alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) receptor. Here, we address whether protein kinases are involved in the internalization of uPA by human melanoma cells. Initially, we found that the internalization of uPA was significantly inhibited by the serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine, K-252a and H-89, but not by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and lavendustin A. Internalization of uPA was also inhibited by a pseudosubstrate peptide for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), but not by a pseudosubstrate peptide for protein kinase C. We confirmed a requirement for PKA-activity and implicated a specific isoform by using an antisense oligonucleotide against the regulatory subunit RI alpha of PKA which suppresses PKA-I activity. Exposure of cells to this oligonucleotide led to a specific, dose-dependent decrease in RI alpha protein and to a significant inhibition in the rate of uPA internalization. We further demonstrate that treatment of melanoma cells with either H-89 or PKA RI alpha antisense oligonucleotides also resulted in a decreased internalization of two other ligands of LRP, activated alpha2M and lactoferrin, indicating that PKA activity is associated with LRP. Finally, we demonstrate that PKA activity is also required for the internalization of transferrin, but not for the internalization of the epidermal growth factor or adenovirus 2, suggesting that in melanoma cells, PKA activity is not generally required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but is rather associated with specific internalization receptors.
Hydraulic and purification behaviors and their interactions during wastewater treatment in soil infiltration systems

Four three-dimensional lysimeters were established in a pilot laboratory with the same medium sand and either an aggregate-laden (AL) or aggregate-free (AF) infiltration surface and a 60- or 90-cm soil vadose zone depth to ground water. During 48 weeks of operation, each lysimeter was dosed 4 times daily with septic tank effluent (STE) at 5 cm/d (AL) or 8.4 cm/d (AF). Weekly monitoring was done to characterize the STE, percolate flow and composition, and water content distributions within the lysimeters. Bromide tracer tests were completed at weeks 0, 8, and 45 and during the latter two times, ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria and MS-2 and PRD-1 bacteriophages were used as bacterial and viral surrogates. After 48 weeks, soil cores were collected and analyzed for chemical and microbial properties. The observations made during this study revealed a dynamic, interactive behavior for hydraulic and purification processes that were similar for all four lysimeters. Media utilization and bromide retention times increased during the first two months of operation with the median bromide breakthrough exceeding one day at start-up and increasing to two days or more. Purification processes were gradually established over four months or longer, after which there were high removal efficiencies (>90%) for organic constituents, microorganisms, and virus, but only limited removal of nutrients. Soil core analyses revealed high biogeochemical activity within the infiltrative zone from 0 to 15 cm depth. All four lysimeters exhibited comparable behavior and there were no significant differences in performance attributable to infiltrative surface character or soil depth. It is speculated that the comparable performance is due to a similar and sufficient degree of soil clogging genesis coupled with bioprocesses that effectively purified the wastewater effluent given the adequate retention times and high volumetric utilization's of the sand media.
Approximate feedback linearization: the cart-pole example

An existing nonlinear design methodology developed by Krener (1984, 1987), approximate feedback linearization, is applied to the control of underactuated single-input-single-output nonlinear systems. A computational approach to test for the order of linearization as well as a method to compute the approximate output function is derived. A method to simplify the dynamics using partial precompensation which uses the constraint equations of motion is presented. This approach is applied to a simple example. Simulation results showed a substantial improvement in the operating range of the linear controller by using this approach. >
STUDY OF DUAL-MODE FLOWFIELD IN SCRAMJET COMBUSTOR

A numerical study of a dual-mode combustor has been conducted to investigate the mixing and the combustion processes using unstructured grids. A wall-mounted parallel injector ramp has been used as a fuel injector. A three-dimensional model for the combustor configuration has been used with a short isolator. Numerical results are obtained using a finite volume CFD code with unstructured grids with sizes 320,000 and 640,000 nodes. Results are presented for non-reacting flow as well as for reacting flow.
Observability and estimation in distributed sensor networks

A graph-based estimation method is proposed for distributed sensor networks. In particular, we study the problem of estimating a spatially distributed parameter. The proposed method is based on the consensus algorithm as well as basic linear control theory. As a consequence, observability of sensor networks is also investigated from the graph-theoretic point of view.
Response to letter regarding article, "N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and stroke risk: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort".

Galyfos et al1 provides valid points regarding use of biomarkers for stroke prediction in older versus younger people and men versus women. Indeed, it is necessary to determine whether results differ by important subgroups in evaluation of the clinical usefulness of any risk prediction tool. Increasingly, public health organizations such as the American Heart Association are publishing science that addresses these issues, as the authors point out. The American Heart Association has published a guideline on cardiovascular disease prevention in women since 2004, and for the first time this year, a guideline specifically on prevention of stroke in women2 pointed out gaps in the literature, including a need for research on sex-specific stroke risk factors …
The observing ego as voyeur.

A resistance to self-observation and self-reflection is discussed in which there is a perversion of the observing ego. The observing ego has been unconsciously recruited in the service of enacting an unconscious fantasy: the fantasy of being an excited observer of a primal scene who is punished for making forbidden observations. This voyeuristic observing ego is pathologically enmeshed in a love triangle with the patient's seductive superego (i.e. identification with the desired but unfaithful parent) and with the patient's punitive superego (i.e. identification with the rivalrous parent). This unconscious scenario is played out in the clinical situation as the patient unreflectively cycles through phases of denial (i.e. self-seduction) and moral masochism (i.e. self-betrayal). A case study illustrates how humor may be employed to free the observing ego from being enthralled by a perverse superego. Humor may unconsciously enable a rebellious attitude toward the omnipotent sadism of a perversely oppressive superego and thus enable the observing ego to break free from its pathological enmeshment.
Spatial modeling of haul-out site use by harbor seals in Cook Inlet, Alaska

Harbor seals Phoca vitulina haul out on land to give birth to and rear their pups, rest, escape aquatic predation and molt. The choice of a haul-out site is therefore fundamental to survival and reproduction. Aerial surveys of harbor seals were conducted in Cook Inlet, Alaska, to investigate the seals' selection of various environmental characteristics of haul-out sites. Eight surveys from April, June, August and October were performed to understand how haul-out site use varies season- ally. A GIS database describing all potential haul-out habitats in the study area was created by acquiring separate data sets on bathymetry, sea-bed type, proximity to sources of anthropogenic dis- turbance, prey availability, biological wave exposure and substrate type. Because harbor seal abun- dance and several environmental features varied temporally, 4 separate models were developed to account for conditions specific to each survey month. Spatial regression analyses, which allowed data to be spatially autocorrelated, were used to identify the relationships between harbor seal abundance and environmental variables associated with haul-out sites. Harbor seals were found to haul out near available prey and to avoid areas high in anthropogenic disturbance. The seals also selected haul-out sites of rock substrate and those that were near deep water.
Aortic Dissection: Emergency Department Care Expedited by The Use of Ultrasonography

Aortic dissection is a potentially catastrophic disease with significant mortality and morbidity. Presentations are often atypical and the physician needs to have a high index of suspicion and low ...
Persistent hypocalcemia associated with therapeutic plasma exchange performed to reduce HLA antibody levels in cardiac transplant recipients.

Abstract Background Patients who receive heart transplants may undergo therapeutic plasma exchange to reduce high levels of HLA antibodies which may increase the risk of allograft rejection. Plasma exchange may predispose to hypocalcemia because of chelation of calcium by sodium citrate, used as an anticoagulant both during the procedure and in thawed fresh frozen plasma often used for replacement. Methods We report three adults with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac transplantation and serial plasma exchange for high levels of HLA antibodies. We followed these patients’ pre-exchange serum calcium levels and the quantity of calcium supplementation they received. Further, we examined myocardial tissue sections post-transplantation for calcium deposition. Results Our patients’ serum calcium levels were initially normal, but, despite aggressive calcium repletion, remained low (nadirs for pre-exchange ionized calcium in two patients 4.48 and 3.8 mg/dL, respectively, reference range 4.6–5.4 mg/dL). For patient 3, pre-exchange total calcium on day 2 was 7.9 mg/dL (reference range 8.4–10.2 mg/dL). Two patients had intermittent symptoms of hypocalcemia. Studies of cardiac tissue sections (available only from these two patients) were consistent with the presence of calcium deposition post transplantation. In comparison, six patients who underwent lung transplantation and plasma exchange for high levels of HLA antibodies did not manifest significant hypocalcemia. Conclusions We emphasize the need for prompt and sufficient calcium replacement, monitored by serum ionized calcium levels, in the early post-cardiac transplantation period when plasma exchange is performed with thawed fresh frozen plasma replacement. The persistently low serum calcium levels we observed post heart transplantation were possibly contributed to by increased myocardial calcium influx.
Interaction between solid substrate and cellulase enzymes in cellulose hydrolysis

Publisher Summary Cellulase enzymes are strongly adsorbed by cellulose. The adsorption characteristics of cellulase onto cellulose is intimately related to the structure and properties of both the enzymes and the solid substrate. This chapter reviews structure and properties of both the enzymes and the solid substrate. It discusses cellulose structure and properties and unit cell structure of cellulose. Cellulose is a high molecular weight linear polymer of cellobiose units connected by β-1, 4-glucosidic linkages. Each cellobiose unit consists of two anhydroglucose molecules. The unit cell structure of crystalline cellulose has been elucidated by X-ray diffraction studies. For any enzymatic reaction to occur, direct physical contact must be made between the enzyme and its substrate. This is also true for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Therefore, the rate of reaction should be a function of the cellulose surface area accessible to the cellulase. Cellulase refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-1, 4-linkages of the cellulose molecule. Complete enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of native cellulose to glucose occurs as a result of the presence of different enzyme components. The chapter explains the structural properties of cellulases and fragmentation of cellulose fibers by cellulose. It focuses on the interaction between the solid substrate and cellulase enzymes in cellulose hydrolysis.
Competition and investment in shared spectrum

Meeting the exploding demand for wireless data services will require access to new wireless spectrum. However, the traditional approach of clearing spectrum and reallocating it is becoming increasingly difficult. This in turn has led to much interest in new approaches for sharing spectrum among different users, such as the those being currently developed in the 3.5 GHz band. These approaches raise not only technical challenges but also can fundamentally change the economic interactions among wireless service providers. In this paper we consider such effects by adapting a model for price competition with congestible resources presented in earlier papers. In these models users select service providers based on the sum of a congestion cost and the provider's announced price. The congestion cost in turn depends on how spectrum is shared; here, we consider a primary- secondary sharing model motivated by the three-tier approach being considered for the 3.5 GhZ band in the United States. In addition to price competition, we also model the investment decision made by providers as to whether they will enter the market or not.
Retention Initiatives in the North Carolina Community College System

Over the past 15 years, the North Carolina Community College System has provided education and instruction to 258,713 allied health professionals, 183,059 nurse aides, 27,125 associate-degree nurses, and 9,926 practical nurses. Innovations that can increase program retention will have a positive impact on the state's future health care workforce.
Rhetoric and the Digital Humanities. Jim Ridolfo and William Hart-Davidson (eds.).

Rhetoric and the Digital Humanities. Jim Ridolfo and William Hart-Davidson (eds.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015. ISBN: 328. 978-0-226-17669-7. I wrote my first real piece of software in 1982. It was a little FORTRAN 77 program that allowed me to compare the amount of time I spent on ‘Education' (i.e. going to high school and doing homework) to the amount of time I spent on ‘Electronic Recreation' (i.e. going to the arcade). Named ‘Homework' (so that when my mother asked me what I did after school I had a good answer), the program was meant to help me irrefutably argue that I was not, despite accusations to the contrary, neglecting my studies in favor of playing (among other favorites) Tempest , Zaxxon , and Pole Position . In other words, my first program was also my first foray into rhetoric and digital humanities (DH). Predictably I suppose, when I finally had ‘Homework' debugged enough to give me information I could make sense of, I was chagrined to learn that the accusations were true. After 2 weeks of rigorously tracking my daily routine, the program told me that I spent almost 20% more time engaged in activities related to digital play than analog learning. Not to be undone by my own creation, by the following week I had added more categories to the software, making it account for activities like ‘Transportation' (I had to take the bus to the arcade, during which time I could do actual homework), ‘Observation' (in a busy arcade, one often spends as much time gleaning play strategies from others as actually playing—arguably more like research than entertainment), and ‘Writing' (my friends and I routinely wrote and traded play tips—usually during geometry class, ironically—for the newest machines, which upon reflection seemed as important for my English class as it was for my hobby). By the end of another 2 … mesmer{at}u.arizona.edu
Chloroform-enhanced incorporation of hydrophobic gold nanocrystals into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicle membranes.

Vesicles of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) formed by extrusion (liposomes) with hydrophobic alkanethiol-capped Au nanocrystals were studied. Dodecanethiol-capped 1.8-nm-diameter Au nanocrystals accumulate in the lipid bilayer, but only when dried lipid–nanocrystal films were annealed with chloroform prior to hydration. Without chloroform annealing, the Au nanocrystals phase separate from DOPC and do not load into the liposomes. Au nanocrystals with slightly longer capping ligands of hexadecanethiol or with a larger diameter of 4.1 nm disrupted vesicle formation and created lipid assemblies with many internal lamellar attachments.
Influence of Landscape Structure on Abundance and Within-Field Distribution of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larval Parasitoids in Michigan

Studies were conducted at eight locations in Ingham County, Michigan, during 1989–1990 to determine the within-field distribution of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (H¨bner), larval parasitism. O. nubilalis larval sampling was conducted at multiple locations on three transects across large 1st-yr corn fields during the F1 and F2 generations. Plants were destructively sampled to determine O. nubilalis abundance and larvae were returned to the lab to determine parasitism. Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the dominant parasitoid of O. nubilalis in the sampled fields, accounting for 92.5% of the F1 and 99.2% of the F2 parasitism during 1989; and for 92.2% of the F1 and 99.1% of the F2 during 1990. Average parasitism by E. terebrans ( n = 4 fields) was 4.9 and 18.7% of F1, 10.2 and 9.1% of F2 larvae during 1989 and 1990 respectively. The maximum E. terebrans parasitism observed (37.4%) of the O. nubilalis larvae in one field (F1 1990), is the highest level reported for this species in the Midwest. Parasitism by E. terebrans during the F1 generation was greater along field margins than in field interiors in most fields during both years. During 1990, O. nubilalis larvae near wooded edges had significantly higher E. terebrans parasitism than those near nonwooded edges or field interiors. In the F2 generation, parasitism did not vary significantly from field margins to field interiors in either year. There was no consistent relationship between O. nubilalis larval density per infested plant and E. terebrans parasitism. These data suggest that local landscape structure, including proximity of particular noncrop habitats, plays an important role in the effectiveness of this natural enemy.
Genetic basis of syndromes associated with congenital heart disease.

Numerous syndromes affecting patients have phenotypes that include congenital heart defects (CHDs). These disorders have fascinated physicians for many years, raising questions about how seemingly disparate aspects of human development can be perturbed together in striking, but consistent, ways. Par
Span-wise Wavefront Measurements Through a Two- Dimensional Weakly-Compressible Shear Layer

Two-dimensional wavefronts were collected in the span-wise direction of a weaklycompressible two-dimensional shear layer. The measurements were made in an attempt to determine the character of the flow in the braid region between coherent structures of the convecting vortical structures. Multiple measurements were taken, including individual wavefront snapshots as well as temporally-resolved high-speed wavefronts. The individual wavefronts show the overall vertical profile of the shear layer, while the high-speed wavefront data capture the convection of the structures across the aperture.
A longitudinal uncontrolled study of cerebral gray matter volume in patients receiving natalizumab for multiple sclerosis

Objective: Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) selectively affects gray matter (GM), which is highly relevant to disability and cognitive impairment. We assessed cerebral GM volume (GMV) during one year of natalizumab therapy. Design/methods: Patients with relapsing–remitting (n = 18) or progressive (n = 2) MS had MRI ∼1 year apart during natalizumab treatment. At baseline, patients were on natalizumab for (mean ± SD) 16.6 ± 10.9 months with age 38.5 ± 7.4 and disease duration 9.7 ± 4.3 years. Results: At baseline, GMV was 664.0 ± 56.4 ml, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 2.3 ± 2.0, timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) was 6.1±3.4 s; two patients (10%) had gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions. At follow-up, GMV was 663.9 ± 60.2 mL; EDSS was 2.6 ± 2.1 and T25FW was 5.9 ± 2.9 s. One patient had a mild clinical relapse during the observation period (0.052 annualized relapse rate for the entire cohort). No patients had Gd-enhancing lesions at follow-up. Linear mixed-effect models showed no significan...
Correlation of the bioactivity of luteinizing hormone in follicular fluid with oocyte maturity in the spontaneous cycle

This study was done to measure the bioactivity of luteinizing hormone (LH) in follicular fluid (FF) and to correlate this and other hormonal values with oocyte maturity in the spontaneous cycle. Twenty follicles (> 18 mm) from 18 ovulatory patients were obtained, and FF, according to oocyte maturity, was divided into three groups (I to III) of increasing maturity. FF progesterone correlated with maturity and was highest ( P P P r = 0.89, P r = 0.9, P
Untersuchungen zur Synthese der Brenztraubensäuredecarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1)1) bei Hefe

Bei der Vergarung eines synthetischen Substrates und von sterilisiertem Traubenmost ist die. Pyruvatbildung wesentlich groser als die Acetaldehydbildung.
Criteria for evaluating causal theories

Much of our knowledge about politics is factual or descriptive. It requires useful concepts and valid, reliable measurement, as discussed in Chapter 2. Often, it goes beyond describing static, unchanging situations and constructs narrative accounts of specific events. These accounts can be richly detailed, amounting to histories of events and processes that enable us to feel that we understand what happened and why. Much of our understanding of the birth and death of democracies consists of this kind of knowledge. If one wants to understand how democracy evolved in Great Britain, there are hundreds of books that recount the process in exhaustive detail. Most other countries are not quite as well studied, but there are still dozens of books on democratization in Brazil and Japan and even a healthy number of books or articles on relatively neglected cases such as Paraguay, Botswana, Sri Lanka, and Mongolia. The knowledge contained in these works is essential and extremely valuable; it is a scholarly achievement that deserves greater appreciation. This literature is so massive that it would be foolish to attempt to summarize it in this book. Instead, I focus here on attempts to develop a theoretical understanding of democratization, which is a quite different kind of knowledge. I do not argue with readers who prefer an idiographic, every-case-is-unique understanding to any attempt to develop a nomothetic, or theoretical, understanding. However, those who seek a theoretical understanding must develop and test theory.
Populism and its perils: language and politics

Populism appeals to the masses, and against elites. To the extent that any successful democracy must respond to popular desires, democracies must incorporate some elements of populism. Nevertheless, for continued success a democratic polity also must ensure widespread education, including a concern for language and the ability to analyze and resist “mind manipulators”.
Retrospective Optimization of Daily Insulin Therapy Parameters: Control Subject to a Regenerative Disturbance Process*

Abstract This paper develops a novel approach to data-driven optimization of insulin pump treatment parameters in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). In this approach, records of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin delivery, and meal records are used (i) to retrospectively estimate samples of the disturbance process that is responsible for daily variability in blood glucose and (ii) to optimize the parameters of functional insulin therapy (i.e. the patient’s basal rate, correction factor, and carbohydrate ratio profiles) against the ensemble of estimated disturbance process samples. We illustrate the proposed methodology through retrospective application to data collected in a 30-day field study of patients with T1D, as well as through in silico pre-clinical trials using the FDA-accepted Virginia / Padova Type 1 Simulator.
Bilateral Hip Decompression Using X-REAM® and PRO-DENSE®

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. The case presented describes a 39-year-old patient with bilateral AVN of his femoral heads and outlines treatment with an expandable reamer device (X-REAM®) supplemented with calcium sulfate/calcium phosphate (PRO-DENSE®) composite graft.