cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand-induced conformational changes in spin labelmodified human hemoglobins and chains and their carboxypeptidase A-digested derivatives

Abstract The reactive sulfhydryls of human adult and fetal hemoglobin and the single sulfhydryl of isolated γ chains have been spin labeled with N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl iodoacetamide. Similar electron paramagnetic spectral differences between oxy- and deoxy-modified hemoglobins were observed for both these hemoglobins and for the isolated chains, indicating that ligand-induced conformational changes occur in isolated hemoglobin subunits as well as intact hemoglobin tetramers. Ligand induced changes in the reactivity of ϱ-hydroxymercuribenzoate with the sulfhydryl groups of both intact hemoglobins and isolated subunits, observed by McDonald and Noble ((1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 3161–3165), led them to draw a similar conclusion. Following carboxypeptidase A digestion of these modified hemoglobins and γ chains, a procedure which specifically removes the two C-terminal residues of the β or γ chains, spectral differences between the liganded and unliganded spin-labeled derivatives still persisted. However, the magnitude of this difference was not only more reduced in the case of the hemoglobins than in that of the subunits but the spectra of both the oxy and deoxy derivatives of the hemoglobins were characteristic of the oxy derivative of a cooperative tetrameric hemoglobin. These findings support the premise that the COOH-terminal end of the β or γ chain contributes, although possibly to different extents, to the spectral differences exhibited by both the spin-labeled hemoglobins and chains.
Comfort noise for compressed video

Similar to adding a dither signal to still images to hide contouring, a dither signal may be added to decompressed video prior to display to hide video compression artifacts such as blockiness. We propose that the added "comfort noise" be temporally correlated to reduce the perceived noisiness.
Dynamin 1 is required for memory formation.

Dynamin 1–3 isoforms are known to be involved in endocytotic processes occurring during synaptic transmission. No data has directly linked dynamins yet with normal animal behavior. Here we show that dynamin pharmacologic inhibition markedly impairs hippocampal-dependent associative memory. Memory loss was associated with changes in synaptic function occurring during repetitive stimulation that is thought to be linked with memory induction. Synaptic fatigue was accentuated by dynamin inhibition. Moreover, dynamin inhibition markedly reduced long-term potentiation, post-tetanic potentiation, and neurotransmitter released during repetitive stimulation. Most importantly, the effect of dynamin inhibition onto memory and synaptic plasticity was due to a specific involvement of the dynamin 1 isoform, as demonstrated through a genetic approach with siRNA against this isoform to temporally block it. Taken together, these findings identify dynamin 1 as a key protein for modulation of memory and release evoked by repetitive activity.
Average binary search length for dense ordered lists

A binary search is effective only when the list searched is ordered. It is efficient only when the list is dense—i.e. when records are in contiguous locations. It is easy to show that the maximum number of looks for a search L is given by [1]. L = [log2N+1], (1) where N is the number of records in the list and the square bracket means “integral part of.”
Genetic and epigenetic influence on the response to environmental particulate matter

Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, represents important environmental exposures that adversely affect human health. Because of their heritable and reversible nature, epigenetic modifications provide a plausible link between the environment and alterations in gene expression that might lead to disease. Epidemiologic evidence supports that environmental exposures in childhood affect susceptibility to disease later in life, supporting the belief that epigenetic changes can affect ongoing development and promote disease long after the environmental exposure has ceased. Indeed, allergic disorders often have their roots in early childhood, and early exposure to PM has been strongly associated with the subsequent development of asthma. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of responses to ambient air pollutants, specifically respirable PM, and their association with the development of allergic disorders. Understanding these epigenetic biomarkers and how they integrate with genetic influences to translate the biologic effect of particulate exposure is critical to developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders.
The Bad Mother Police: Theorizing Risk Orders in the Discourses of Infant Feeding Practices

Modern societies are increasingly concerned with risk, often emphasizing individualistic conceptions of risk. However, the construction of risk is social and consequential. Risk orders theory interrogates consequences of risk discourse, as we struggle to live with our profound desire to avoid threats. This article theorizes the construction of three types of risks, collectively termed risk orders. First-order risks, those typically studied by risk scholars, are constructed claims about concrete threats to a physical body. However, constructions of first-order risks prompt additional, abstract risks for individuals and collectives. Therefore, we propose that second-order and third-order risks arise in the shadow of first-order risks. Second-order risks exist when we perceive an individual as insufficiently avoiding first-order risks. These include threats to our sense of goodness and character, termed moral risks, as well as threats to our relationships, termed social risks. Third-order risks are threats t...
Evidence of a possible requirement for nickel by the chick.

SummaryAfter 3 weeks on a dried skim milk-corn meal-based low-nickel diet (<0.08 ppm Ni), chicks which were maintained in an all-plastic controlled environment system had the following symptoms: (1) a change in leg pigmentation; (2) thickening of the long bones; (3) swelling of the hock joint; and (4) a significantly reduced length:width ratio of the tibia. All symptoms were prevented by the supplementation of 5 ppm nickel to the diet. Also, chicks fed the low-nickel diet accumulated a significantly greater amount of 63Ni in the liver, spleen, aorta, and possibly bone during the 6 hr after oral dosage than did control birds. This evidence supports the hypothesis that nickel has a physiological role in the chick.
Broadcast Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks

In this poster, we propose a novel Mixed Broadcast Scheduling (MBS) algorithm, which finishes a broadcast task intelligently by employing mixed unicast and broadcast communication modes. We also examine the latency and redundancy performance of MBS theoretically and by simulations.
Ceramics in microelectronics

Abstract Ceramics, both crystalline and amorphous, as used today for such applications as processing, tranferring, storing, printing and displaying information are reviewed. State of the art in materials and processes as well as challenges that need to be met to support the growth of the industry are discussed.
PRODUCT-FREE SUBSETS OF GROUPS

(1998). Product-Free Subsets of Groups. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 10, pp. 900-906.
A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit with single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) feature

A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit (MAC) is described in this paper. The last mixed-length encoding scheme used in the MAC leverages the advantage of a 16-bit encoding scheme without adding extra delay to the faster four-stage Wallace tree of a 12-bit encoding scheme. With this new encoding scheme, one-cycle throughput for 16-bit /spl times/16-bit and 32-bit /spl times/16-bit MAC instructions was achieved at very high frequencies. To handle media streams more efficiently, the single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) and the multiply-with-implicit-accumulate (MIA) features were added. A mixture of static CMOS logic and complementary pass-gate logic (CPL) was used to achieve the high-speed and low-power goals. Several power-saving techniques were also implemented in this MAC.
Outcomes after repair of subacute-to-chronic grade III metacarpophalangeal joint collateral ligament injuries in fingers are suboptimal.

Purpose Although injury to the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) of the fingers is less common than corresponding injuries in the thumb, similar disability may result from chronic untreated injuries. We evaluated injury characteristics and the outcome after primary repair of subacute to chronic grade III collateral ligament injuries of the MPJs of the fingers.
Analyzing Dynamic Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls

An advanced generalized plasticity soil model and bounding surface geosynthetic model, in conjunction with a dynamic finite element procedure, are used to analyze the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls. The construction behavior of a full-scale wall is first analyzed followed by a series of five shaking table tests conducted in a centrifuge. The parameters for the sandy backfill soils are calibrated through the results of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests. The wall facing deformations, strains in the geogrid reinforcement layers, lateral earth pressures acting at the facing blocks, and vertical stresses at the foundation are presented. In the centrifugal shaking table tests, the response of the walls subject to 20 cycles of sinusoidal wave having a frequency of 2 Hz and of acceleration amplitude of 0.2g are compared with the results of analysis. The acceleration in the backfill, strain in the geogrid layers, and facing deformation are computed and compared to the test results. The results of analysis for both static and dynamic tests compared reasonably well with the experimental results.
Evaluation of Bupivacaine Nerve Blocks in the Modification of Pain and Pulmonary Function Changes after Thoracotomy

Thirty-one patients undergoing thoracotomy were prospectively randomized to receive (1) no nerve blocks (n = 12), (2) placement of percutaneous catheters for intermittent nerve blocks with bupivacaine (Marcaine) (n = 10), or (3) bupivacaine nerve blocks intraoperatively (n = 8). One patient refused postoperative evaluation and was not included in this study. All patients received similar preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative medications. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative arterial blood gases, assessments of pain and alertness, and chest roentgenograms showed no statistical advantage for any group. Analgesic requirements and pulmonary functions (functional residual capacity, tidal volume, minute ventilation peak flow, or forced expiratory volume) did not differ among the groups. Statistically significant differences were seen in mean respiratory rate and forced vital capacity. These differences, however, indicate that bupivacaine either by intraoperative use or by intermittent percutaneous administration did not improve postoperative increases in respiratory rate or decreases in forced vital capacity.
Effects of gastrin on circulating levels of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in dogs.

The effect of synthetic human gastrin I, infused at two doses, on the concentrations of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in portal and systemic blood was studied in six anesthetized dogs. Intragastric pH was maintained at 5.5, and acid output was measured by intragastric titration. Significant increases in somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations in portal blood were found with the lower dose of gastrin (0.5 microgram/kg . h) infused for 40 min. When gastrin was infused at 1.5 microgram/kg . h for 100 min, both portal and systemic blood concentrations of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide rose significantly. Cimetidine (300 mg, as an iv bolus), given 40 min after the beginning of the second infusion, did not affect gastrin-stimulated release of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, whereas acid output was completely abolished. Vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations did not change with the infusion of either dose of gastrin. This daily shows that gastrin releases somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in a dose-dependent fashion, and since this release was not acid mediated, it appears likely to be a direct action of gastrin.
Transitive closure and metric inequality of weighted graphs: detecting protein interaction modules using cliques

We study transitivity properties of edge weights in complex networks. We show that enforcing transitivity leads to a transitivity inequality which is equivalent to ultra-metric inequality. This can be used to define transitive closure on weighted undirected graphs, which can be computed using a modified Floyd-Warshall algorithm. These new concepts are extended to dissimilarity graphs and triangle inequalities. From this, we extend the clique concept from unweighted graph to weighted graph. We outline several applications and present results of detecting protein functional modules in a protein interaction network.
Formation and Spread of Aircraft-Induced Holes in Clouds

Hole-punch and canal clouds have been observed for more than 50 years, but the mechanisms of formation, development, duration, and thus the extent of their effect have largely been ignored. The holes have been associated with inadvertent seeding of clouds with ice particles generated by aircraft, produced through spontaneous freezing of cloud droplets in air cooled as it flows around aircraft propeller tips or over jet aircraft wings. Model simulations indicate that the growth of the ice particles can induce vertical motions with a duration of 1 hour or more, a process that expands the holes and canals in clouds. Global effects are minimal, but regionally near major airports, additional precipitation can be induced.
Differences in word association commonality of schizophrenics: the self-editing-deficit model vs. the partial-collapse-of-response-hierarchy hypothesis.

Schizophrenics matched by pairs with 26 neurotics were found to be no different in commonality scores under free association conditions on steep-slope words from Moran's (1966) word list equated for "idiodynamic set pull." Schizophrenics scored significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in commonality on flat-slope words, where steep-slope and flat-slope refer respectively to stimulus words with one or several commonly occurring associates. Matched by pairs with 23 "normal" controls, schizophrenics scored significantly lower in commonality on both steep-slope and flat-slope words under free association conditions. These findings are contrary to the prediction for the two-stage, self-editing-deficit model (Lisman & Cohen, 1972) and are consistent with the one-stage, partial-collapse-of-hierarchy hypothesis (Broen & Storms, 1966). Other results (e.g., schizophrenics obtained significantly lower commonality for Concept-referent, but not for Dimension-referent or Object-referent, steep-slope stimulus words) suggest that these models might be modified so as to take into account the idiodynamic set pull of stimulus words.
Asymptotically Efficient Multichannel Estimation for Opportunistic Spectrum Access

The problem of estimating the parameters of multiple independent continuous-time Markov on-off processes is considered. The objective is to minimize the total mean square error (MSE) under a constraint on the total sensing time. The Fisher information matrix for the primary traffic model and the maximum likelihood estimator are obtained. A sequential estimation strategy is proposed which operates under an epoch structure with growing epoch length. Specifically, the total sensing time in the current epoch is allocated among the on-off processes based on the current estimates of the parameters using observations obtained in previous epochs. It is shown that this sequential estimation strategy is asymptotically efficient as the total sensing time increases. This result finds application in opportunistic spectrum access where secondary users need to estimate the channel occupancy model of the primary system for efficient exploitation of spectrum opportunities.
Form and Function in the Acquisition of Korean Wh-Questions.

In this paper the order in which wh-questions are acquired in the production and comprehension of two Korean children, aged 1;8–2;8 and 1;10–2; 10, is analysed and compared with the available crosslinguistic data. Consistencies in acquisition order are hypothesized to be based on universals of cognitive development, which constrain the comprehension and production of wh-forms and influence the order in which mothers introduce them, and on functionally based similarities in the input of form/function pairs across children and languages. Discrepancies in acquisition order are attributed to differences in interactive style across caregivers and children, leading to different input frequencies of particular forms and individual children's selection of different forms for use.
Retention of white perch and striped bass larvae: Biological-physical interactions in Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum

Physical and biological properties of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region may influence retention and survival of anadromous white perch (Morone americana) and striped bass larvae (Morone saxatilis). To evaluate this hypothesis we collected data in five cruises, three during May 1998 and two during May 1999, in upper Chesapeake Bay. Time series of freshwater discharge, water temperature, wind, and water level explain differences in ETM location and properties between cruises and years. During high flows in 1998, a two-layer response to wind forcing shifted the ETM up-estuary, while a high discharge event resulted in a down-estuary shift in the salt front and ETM location. In 1999, extremely low discharge rates shifted the salt front 15 km up-estuary of its position in 1998. During 1999, the ETM was less intense and apparently topographically fixed. Gradients in depth-specific abundance of ichthyo- plankton were compared with salinity and TSS concentrations along the channel axis of the upper Bay. During 1998, the high flow year, most striped bass eggs (75%) and most early-stage white perch larvae (80%) were located up-estuary of the salt front. In addition, most striped bass (91%) and white perch (67%) post-yolk-sac larvae were located within 10 km of maximum turbidity readings. Total abundance of white perch larvae was lower in 1999, a low freshwater flow year, than in 1998, a high flow year. In 1999, striped bass larvae were virtually absent. White perch (1977-1999) and striped bass (1968-1999) juvenile abundances were positively correlated with spring Susquehanna River discharge. The ETM region is an important nursery area for white perch and striped bass larvae and life-history strategies of these species appear to insure transport to and within the ETM. We hypothesize that episodic wind and discharge events may modulate larval survival within years. Between years, differences in freshwater flow may influence striped bass and white perch survival and recruitment by controlling retention of egg and early-stage larvae in the ETM region and by affecting the overlap of temperature/salinity zones preferred by later-stage larvae with elevated productivity in the ETM.
Cerebrospinal fluid acid‐base balance in newborns

In adults, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base balance is an important determinant of cerebral blood flow, ventilatory drive, and state of consciousness. Sixteen lumbar punctures were performed on newborns (mean gestational age, 33.8 weeks; range, 26 to 44 weeks). The mean CSF pH was 7.366 units, 0.036 less than the mean capillary blood pH (NS). The mean CSF arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) was 40.3 mm Hg, 6.7 greater than the mean blood PCO2 (p less than 0.01). The mean bicarbonate ion concentration in CSF was 21.8 mEq/L, 1.2 greater than that in blood (NS). Acid-base determinations in CSF of neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage did not differ significantly from those of neonates with otherwise normal CSF. These acid-base values are similar to those found in adults and did not vary with gestational age, suggesting that mechanisms to establish this acid-base gradient are developed by 26 weeks' gestation.
Urban forests' potential to supply marketable carbon emission offsets: A survey of municipal governments in the United States

Abstract This study assesses the motivation, willingness, and technical as well as managerial capacities of U.S. cities to store carbon and sell carbon offsets. Based on a national survey of urban foresters, arborists, and other officials responsible for urban forest management within U.S. municipal governments, results indicate that local governments are interested in selling carbon offsets. An estimated Probit discrete choice model shows that the chance of a city participating in carbon trading is positively influenced by a number of factors including: (1) level of urbanization, (2) management's knowledge of carbon sequestration, (3) revenue generation from offset sales, (4) population education level, and (5) familiarity with carbon market institutions such as the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX). The cost of living, as reflected by median home prices, appears to be inversely related to the probability of participation. Currently, a number of cities have the technical and managerial capacity to establish quality carbon offset criteria such as enforceability, additionality, verifiability, and baseline establishment. However, many cities are still unaware of carbon sequestration opportunities, and there appears to be a fundamental disconnect to market participation. The results also suggest that municipal governments would gain from a better understanding of the costs and benefits associated with urban forest carbon storage.
Differential ability scales: Profiles of preschoolers with cognitive delay

This study examined the cluster profiles obtained using the Differential Ability Scale (DAS, Elliott, 1990a) for preschool children diagnosed with cognitive delay and for those without cognitive delay. Cluster analyses resulted in distinctive profiles for each group. Profiles for preschoolers diagnosed with cognitive delay were compared with DAS profile patterns previously reported for school-aged children diagnosed with learning disabilities (McIntosh & Gridley, 1993). Cluster comparisons indicated profiles of cognitively delayed preschoolers were not the same as those found in school-age children with learning disabilities. Implications for prediction of school-age learning disabilities from preschool DAS cognitive cluster profiles are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Perception and Prosopagnosia in Mark 8.22-26

Our article addresses the ‘middle-blind’ status of the man from Bethsaida whom, according to Mk 8.22-26, Jesus heals in two phases. Drawing on observations from modern philosophical psychology and ...
Thymus cell antigen-1-expressing cells in the oval cell compartment.

Thymus cell antigen-1 (Thy-1)-expressing cells proliferate in the liver during oval cell (OC)-mediated liver regeneration. We characterized these cells in normal liver, in carbon tetrachloride-injured liver, and in several models of OC activation. The gene expression analyses were performed using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR) of cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and by immunofluorescent microscopy of tissue sections and isolated cells. In normal liver, Thy-1+ cells are a heterogeneous population: those located in the periportal region do not coexpress desmin or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The majority of Thy-1+ cells located at the lobular interface and in the parenchyma coexpress desmin but not α-SMA, i.e., they are not resident myofibroblasts. Although Thy-1+ cells proliferate moderately after carbon tetrachloride injury, in all models of OC-mediated liver regeneration they proliferate quickly and expand significantly and disappear from the liver when the OC response subsides. Activated Thy-1+ cells do not express OC genes but they express genes known to be expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (CD105, CD73, CD29), genes considered specific for activated stellate cells (desmin, collagen I-a2, Mmp2, Mmp14) and myofibroblasts (α-SMA, fibulin-2), as well as growth factors and cytokines (Hgf, Tweak, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-15) that can affect OC growth. Activated in vitro stellate cells do not express Thy-1. Subcloning of Thy-1+ cells from OC-activated livers yield Thy-1+ fibroblastic cells and a population of E-cadherin+ mesenchymal cells that gradually discontinue expression of Thy-1 and begin to express cytokeratins. However, upon transplantation these cells do not differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. Activated Thy-1+ cells produce predominantly latent transforming growth factor beta. Conclusion: Thy-1+ cells in the OC niche are activated mesenchymal-epithelial cells that are distinct from resident stellate cells, myofibroblasts, and oval cells. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Techniques for high-performance analog neural networks

We consider analog neural network implementations (using VLSI or optical technologies) with limited accuracy and various noise and nonlinearity error sources. Algorithms and techniques to achieve high performance (good recognition P' c % and large storage capacity) on such systems are considered. The adaptive clustering neural net (ACNN) and robust Ho-Kashyap (HK-2) associative processor (AP) are the neural networks considered in detail.
Inherited metabolic liver disease.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to identify and discuss recent findings related to inherited metabolic disorders of the liver that increase our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment for hemochromatosis and other iron overload disorders, Wilson disease and alpha one antitrypsin deficiency. Recent findings The main theme in the recent discoveries for both iron overload disorders and Wilson disease is our increasing understanding that the phenotypic expression of these disorders are greatly influenced by genes involved in the metabolic pathways for these metals, or influence the progression of liver disease independent of metal metabolism. For example, the role of hepcidin dysregulation in hemochromatosis has been a surprising discovery that provides some mechanistic understanding for the increased iron absorption that is present in this disorder. Summary Given the recent explosion of information on iron and copper metabolism and the cellular processing of alpha one antitrypsin, the highlights reviewed in this article will help the reader keep up to date with the current understanding of these diseases and potential future approaches to their treatment.
Robustness Analysis of the Phase-Phase Correlator to White Impulsive Noise With Applications to Autoregressive Modeling

Using only the phase information and a relationship based on the Gaussian Hypergeometric function, the Phase-Phase Correlator can be utilized to estimate the normalized cross-correlation coefficient between two zero-mean complex Gaussian processes. This estimator naturally introduces a certain robustness to white impulsive observation noise over the Gaussian Maximum Likelihood estimator. This correspondence examines the robustness of the Phase-Phase Correlator in the presence of uncorrelated impulsive noise. We show that its asymptotic bias compares favorably to the robust Schweppe-type GM-estimator with the Huber function termed SHGM at a cost of efficiency. Application of the PPC to autoregressive time series analysis is illustrated with a parametric spectral estimation example.
PLXDC1 ( TEM7 ) is identified in a genome-wide expression screen of glioblastoma endothelium

Glioblastomas are a highly aggressive brain tumor, with one of the highest rates of new blood vessel formation. In this study we used a combined experimental and bioinformatics strategy to determine which genes were highly expressed and specific for glioblastoma endothelial cells (GBM-ECs), compared to gene expression in normal tissue and endothelium. Starting from fresh glioblastomas, several rounds of negative and positive selection were used to isolate GBM-ECs and extract total RNA. Using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), 116,259 transcript tags (35,833 unique tags) were sequenced. From this expression analysis, we found 87 tags that were not expressed in normal brain. Further subtraction of normal endothelium, bone marrow, white blood cell and other normal tissue transcripts resulted in just three gene transcripts, ANAPC10, PLXDC1(TEM7), and CYP27B1, that are highly specific to GBM-ECs. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody for PLXDC1 showed protein expression in GBM microvasculature, but not in the normal brain endothelium tested. Our results suggest that this study succeeded in identifying GBM-EC specific genes. The entire gene expression profile for the GBM-ECs and other tissues used in this study are available at SAGE Genie (http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/SAGE). Functionally, the protein products of the three tags most specific to GBM-ECs have been implicated in processes critical to endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation, and are potential targets for anti-angiogenesis based therapy.
Stability of n=1 Kink Modes in Bean-Shaped Tokamaks

Numerical studies show that by indenting the small-major-radius side of conventional finite-aspect-ratio tokamaks, significant improvements to the stability of pressuredriven ideal magnetohydrodynamic modes can be achieved. The internal $n=1$ kink mode can be stabilized completely with quite modest indentation. In the presence of a nearby conducting wall, kink-ballooning mode stability is also improved, and accessibility to a second stable region at high plasma $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is possible.
Ultrastructural studies of the hepatocytes after chronic exposure to low levels of halothane.

Abstract Adult rats were exposed to 10 ppm or 500 ppm halothane 8 hr/day and 5 days/wk for 8 wk or 4 wk, respectively. In the liver from animals which were exposed to 10 ppm of halothane, the rough endoplasmic reticulum in some hepatocytes accumulated a floccular, electron-dense material which gave the hepatocytes a dense and dark appearance. Increase in the matrical density and C-shaped transformation were observed in the mitochondria of some hepatocytes. In addition to these findings, areas of focal cytoplasmic degradation, dilatation of the bile canaliculi, peribiliary accumulation of lysosomes, and extensive dilatation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to form large cytoplasmic vacuoles were also observed in the hepatocytes of animals which had been exposed to 500 ppm halothane. Toxic potential of halothane upon chronic exposure is suggested.
Centrifugal Distortion in Asymmetric Top Molecules. I. Ordinary Formaldehyde, H 2 C 12 O

A semiclassical approach is used to develop a simple expression for the centrifugal distortion correction in asymmetric top molecules. The general expression for the shift of any given energy level involves five experimentally determined distortion coefficients and a knowledge of the dependence of the term value as a function of asymmetry. A useful simplified expression for the frequency correction in $\ensuremath{\Delta}J=0$ transitions involves only two effective rigid rotor parameters and four distortion coefficients. The method is applied to the microwave spectrum of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$O; the results show excellent internal consistency. The resulting rigid-rotor parameters are: $a=282,106$ Mc/sec, $b=38,834$ Mc/sec, and $c=34,004$ Mc/sec. The electric dipole moment is determined to be 2.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 debye and the line breadth parameter as 97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 microns Hg per Mc/sec.
Ab initio molecular-dynamics study of highly nonideal structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid Ni-Al alloys

Atomic and electronic structure, and diffusion coefficients in liquid Ni-Al alloys, have been calculated by ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. The chemically short-range ordered structure of liquid Ni{sub 20}Al{sub 80} measured by neutron scattering is well reproduced in these simulations. We calculate a significant electronic contribution ({Delta}S{sub el}=-0.4 k{sub B}/atom) to the formation entropy of NiAl at 1900 K, originating from a simultaneous narrowing and shifting of the Ni d band to higher binding energies accompanying alloying with Al. This value of {Delta}S{sub el}, combined with an estimate for the configurational entropy based on calculated radial distribution functions and a nonadditive hard-sphere model, accounts for the large negative excess entropy of mixing measured in liquid Ni-Al alloys.
I'm Ready for My Close-up Now: Electronic Portfolios and How We Read Identity.

Electronic portfolios allow students to include video, images, hyperlinks, and audio, along with written texts, to create varied and comprehensive representations of what they have accomplished. Such collections of information also change the ways that teachers and students choose to present themselves and the ways that we read these presentations of self. As we learn more about how we read and respond to identities created by combinations of word, image, and sound, we need to help students think more carefully and critically about how this should influence the way they create and compile electronic portfolios.
Measurement of turbulent wall velocity gradients using cylindrical waves of laser light

A new optical instrument has been developed for direct measurement of instantaneous velocity gradients at the bounding wall. Light emerging from two tiny optical slits in the surface is used to form a “fan of fringes” in the region very near the wall. Doppler frequency of the light scattered by the seed particles is directly proportional to the velocity gradient. The system has been used to measure the statistics of the streamwise and spanwise velocity gradients in a turbulent boundary layer. The streamwise and spanwise rms fluctuations were found to be 38% and 11% of the mean streamwise value respectively. The latter result is subject to a large uncertainty.
Water Adsorption on α-Fe2O3(0001) at near Ambient Conditions

We have investigated hydroxylation and water adsorption on α Fe 2O3(0001) at water vapor pressures up to 2 Torr and temperatures ranging from 277 to 647 K (relative humidity (RH) < 34%) using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydroxylation occurs at the very low RH of 1 × 10-7 % and precedes the adsorption of molecular water. With increasing RH, the OH coverage increases up to one monolayer (ML) without any distinct threshold pressure. Depth profiling measurements showed that hydroxylation occurs only at the topmost surface under our experimental conditions. The onset of molecular water adsorption varies from ∼2 ×10-5 to ∼4 ?10-2 % RH depending on sample temperature and water vapor pressure. The coverage of water reaches 1 ML at ∼15% RH and increases to 1.5 ML at 34% RH.
Critical evaluation of sensory techniques

Abstract Key methodological issues in sensory evaluation are discussed: the selection of subjects, the types of stimuli, the environments for testing, and the actual methods. Concerning subjects, we need to sample more broadly, consider cognitive and cultural factors. The stimuli in sensory evaluation need to be suffciently complex to permit analysis of realistic complex foods and even meals. Sensory evaluation must look beyond the laboratory to study other environments and the factors within them that control product acceptance. Choice of sensory method should be based on better methodological data on how methods perform and at what cost in resources. There is a need for more methodological research to establish the reliability and validity of sensory methods. Also, there is a need for integration of sensory and hedonic dimensions rather than separation of these dimensions.
An X-ray diffraction study of the residual stress-strain distributions in shot-peened two-phase brass

Abstract X-ray residual stress determination and line-broadening analysis were used to study the deformation distributions existing in the surface layers of a shot-peened two-phase brass specimen. The results indicate inhomogeneous partitioning of the plastic strains between the α and β grains, as well as between the surface layers and the bulk. The residual microstresses, which occur because of the differential deformation between the α and β grains, have a maximum in the β grains at the material surface, while the residual macro-stresses, which arise because of the differential plastic deformation between the surface and the bulk, exhibit a maximum deeper in the material. A qualitative model (describing these residual stress profiles in terms of the plastic strains caused by the peening operation) is presented.
Early preclinical studies of discriminable sedative and hallucinogenic drug effects.

Rationale One important technique in behavioral pharmacology is to train laboratory animals to discriminate between a psychoactive drug effect and a nondrug condition. Tests with different drugs have identified several categories of drugs that have different discriminable effects. Objectives The two authors describe and discuss the early research on discriminable effects of sedative and hallucinogenic drugs and their acquaintance with each other at Yale University prior to their early and frequent publications on discriminable drug effects. Herb Barry studied sedative drugs primarily and Jim Appel studied hallucinogenic drugs. Results Sedative drugs include ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Their discriminable effects are largely attributable to the activation of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid. Alcohol has the mostpervasive effectin accordance with the high dose required to alter behavior. Hallucinogenic drugs include lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline. They increase the activity of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine and, perhaps, dopamine in the central nervous system (CNS). In spite of their relatively low concentrations in the brain, both of these neurotransmitters have many important behavioral effects. Conclusions Various sedative drugs cause a discriminable decrease in the function of the CNS. Different types of sedatives can be discriminated from each other. Indole and phenylethylamine hallucinogens have potent discriminative stimulus properties, which are related to the actions of biogenic amine neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Chelating P,N versus P,P Ligands: Differing Reactivity of Donor-Stabilized Pt(η2-PhC⋮CPh) Complexes Toward Diphenylacetylene

The thermal activation of the η2-diphenylacetylene complex (PN)Pt(η2-PhC⋮CPh) (1) (PN = (diisopropylphosphinodimethylamino)ethane leads to the formation of the platinacyclopenta-2,4-diene compound ...
Hydrogen Sulfide Induced Nickel Depletion of SOFC Anodes

Our results reveal a mechanism for permanent degradation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by which hydrogen sulfide leads to nickel migration and depletion of the anode, thereby compromising electrical conductivity and cell operation. Additionally, we find that this process is accentuated at higher temperatures and causes depletion of near surface nickel, while deeply buried or trapped nickel remains in the anode.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Graft rejection mediated by CD4+ T cells via indirect recognition of alloantigen is associated with a dominant Th2 response

CD4(+) T cells that respond to indirectly presented alloantigen have been shown to mediate chronic rejection, however, the role of the indirect pathway in acute rejection has yet to be completely elucidated. To this end, BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were depleted of CD8(+) T cells and transplanted with class II transactivator (CIITA)-deficient cardiac allografts, which cannot directly present class II alloantigens to CD4(+) T cells. In this manner, the rejection response by CD4(+) cells was forced to rely upon the indirect recognition pathway. When not depleted of CD8(+) cells, both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice rejected CIITA-/- allografts and a polarized Th1 response was observed. In contrast, when BALB/c recipients of CIITA-/- allografts were depleted of CD8(+) T cells, the grafts were acutely rejected and a strong Th2 response characterized by eosinophil influx into the graft was observed. Interestingly, CD8-depleted C57BL/6 recipients of CIITA-/- allografts did not acutely reject their transplants and a Th2 response was not mounted. These findings indicate that CD4(+) T cells responding to indirectly presented alloantigens mediate graft rejection in a Th2-dominant manner, and provide further evidence for the role of Th2 responses in acute graft rejection.
Isospin-forbidden analog resonances in A = 25 and 29 quartets

Abstract The sharp resonances corresponding to the T = 3 2 , T z = −1 2 states in 25Al and 29P have been located by isospin-forbidden elastic and inelastic proton scattering on 24Mg and 28Si, and their widths determined (of the order of 100 eV). The masses of the T z = −3 2 members are calculated.
Innate immunity and stress physiology of eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) from two stream reaches with differing habitat quality

In addition to depriving amphibians of physical habitat requirements (e.g., shelter, moisture, and food), habitat modification may also have subtle effects on the health of amphibians and potentially precipitate interactions with other deleterious factors such as pathogens, contaminants, and invasive species. The current study was designed to evaluate the physiological state of imperiled giant salamanders, the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), experiencing different surrounding land use that influences in-stream habitat quality. When we compared hellbenders from a stream reach with greater anthropogenic disturbance to a more forested site, we found that baseline and stress-induced plasma levels of corticosterone were similar in the two areas, but were very low compared to other amphibians. Males consistently had higher plasma corticosterone levels than females, a finding congruent with the known territorial activities of males early in the breeding season. Innate immune responsiveness (measured as bactericidal ability of blood; BKA) was also similar at the two sites, but juveniles had less robust BKA than adults. We found a positive relationship between restraint time and BKA, suggesting that the bactericidal ability of hellbenders may improve following acute stress. Finally, there was a tendency for hellbenders with skin abnormalities to have higher BKA compared to individuals with normal integument, an observation consistent with patterns observed in other animals actively responding to pathogens. Our study provides foundational physiological information on an imperiled amphibian species and reveals important knowledge gaps that will be important for understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of hellbenders.
Transformation and Pentecostal Theology

This article serves as an introduction to a dialogue with Oliver Davies regarding his proposal for transformational theology. The dialogue identifies some of the implications of Davies’ proposals for Pentecostal theology. This first essay, which follows the larger contours of Davies’ line of argumentation, names a few important themes that can vitalize various features of Pentecostal work in the academy, including the place of cosmological commitments, the Pentecostal understandings of Christology, and the openness to ‘miracle’ as a bona fide theological category. Pentecostals can find in Davies a theological sensibility that legitimizes the primacy of first-order discourse among worshiping communities while simultaneously keeping an eye on the latest developments within the sciences.
Optimal design of a vibrating beam with coupled bending and torsion

The problem of maximizing the fundamental frequency of a thin-walled beam with coupled bending and torsional modes is studied in this paper. An optimality criterion approach is used to locate stationary values of an appropriate objective function subject to constraints. Optimal designs with and without coupling are discussed. b h
Reliability comparison of computer networks

The authors consider networks modeled as directed graphs with a uniform link failure probability (q) and develop an algorithm which permits not only a symbolic reliability evaluation, but also a comparison of different topologies to verify if a particular one is uniformly maximally reliable, i.e. it has the best reliability for any value of q. In the case when the previous property cannot be verified, it is possible to evaluate exactly the range of values of q for which one network is better than the other. The method can be extended also to compare networks with different topological characteristics, namely different number of links and/or nodes. >
PmrA–PmrB‐regulated genes necessary for 4‐aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance

Antimicrobial peptides are distributed throughout the animal kingdom and are a key component of innate immunity. Salmonella typhimurium regulates mechanisms of resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides through the two-component systems PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB. Polymyxin resistance is encoded by the PmrA-PmrB regulon, whose products modify the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core and lipid A regions with ethanolamine and add aminoarabinose to the 4' phosphate of lipid A. Two PmrA-PmrB-regulated S. typhimurium loci (pmrE and pmrF) have been identified that are necessary for resistance to polymyxin and for the addition of aminoarabinose to lipid A. One locus, pmrE, contains a single gene previously identified as pagA (or ugd) that is predicted to encode a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. The second locus, pmrF, is the second gene of a putative operon predicted to encode seven proteins, some with similarity to glycosyltransferases and other complex carbohydrate biosynthetic enzymes. Genes immediately flanking this putative operon are also regulated by PmrA-PmrB and/or have been associated with S. typhimurium polymyxin resistance. This work represents the first identification of non-regulatory genes necessary for modification of lipid A and subsequent antimicrobial peptide resistance, and provides support for the hypothesis that lipid A aminoarabinose modification promotes resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides.
Randomly coloring simple hypergraphs

Abstract We study the problem of constructing a (near) uniform random proper q-coloring of a simple k-uniform hypergraph with n vertices and maximum degree Δ. (Proper in that no edge is mono-colored and simple in that two edges have maximum intersection of size one.) We show that if for some α 1 we have Δ ⩾ n α and q ⩾ Δ ( 1 + α ) / k α then Glauber dynamics will become close to uniform in O ( n log n ) time from a random (improper) start. Note that for k > 1 + α − 1 we can take q = o ( Δ ) .