cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the temporal thermal performance of the wheel outboard of an aircraft

Three-dimensional transient natural convection flow and heat transfer around the wheel outboard portion of an aircraft brake housing was investigated. The wheel outboard is modeled as an annular cavity with one end open to the ambient surroundings. The temporal development of the flow and temperature fields and its effect on the thermal performance of the brake housing outboard is discussed. The transient results are presented here by means of the velocity and temperature fields and the average Nusselt numbers over the different surfaces of the geometry. The effect of Rayleigh number and length of the inner cylinder on the thermal performance of the wheel outboard are also discussed. Nomenclature
The significance of rank difference coefficients of correlation

The coefficients of rank difference correlation that are barely significant at six different levels of significance are given forN's of 2 to 30. Most of the values were obtained by translation of Olds' tables of probabilities for various values of Σd2. Comparison of these data with those obtained by four other methods indicates that one method yields values more appropriate than those obtained from Olds' data for coefficients significant at the .01 level forN's from 11 to 25. This method also provides a convenient means of obtaining approximate values of coefficients significant at the .01 level forN's above 30. Need for caution in evaluating the significance of coefficients obtained from data involving tie rankings is indicated. The article concludes with recommendations as to choice of methods of determining the significance of rank difference coefficients.
Structural properties of fourth-generation composite femurs and tibias

The purpose of this study was to measure the structural properties of the latest design (fourth-generation) of composite femurs and tibias from Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc. Fourth-generation composite bones have the same geometries as the third-generation bones, but the cortical bone analogue material was changed to one with increased fracture and fatigue resistance, tensile and compressive properties, thermal stability, and moisture resistance. The stiffnesses of the femurs and tibias were tested under bending, axial, and torsional loading, and the longitudinal strain distribution along the proximal-medial diaphysis of the femur was also determined. The fourth-generation composite bones had average stiffnesses and strains that were for the most part closer to corresponding values measured for natural bones, than was the case for third-generation composite bones; all measurements were taken by the same investigator in separate studies using identical methodology. For the stiffness tests, variability between the specimens was less than 10% for all cases, and setup variability was less than 6%.
Cumulant analysis in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy.

A novel technique for the analysis of fluorescence fluctuation experiments is introduced. Fluorescence cumulant analysis (FCA) exploits the factorial cumulants of the photon counts and resolves heterogeneous samples based on differences in brightness. A simple analytical model connects the cumulants of the photon counts with the brightness e and the number of molecules N in the optical observation volume for each fluorescent species. To provide the tools for a rigorous error analysis of FCA, expressions for the variance of factorial cumulants are developed and tested. We compare theory with experiment by analyzing dye mixtures and simple fluorophore solutions with FCA. A comparison of FCA with photon-counting histogram (PCH) analysis, a related technique, shows that both methods give identical results within experimental uncertainty. Both FCA and PCH are restricted to data sampling times that are short compared to the diffusion time of molecules through the observation volume of the instrument. But FCA theory, in contrast to PCH, can be extended to treat arbitrary sampling times. Here, we derive analytical expressions for the second factorial cumulant as a function of the sampling time and demonstrate that the theory successfully models fluorescence fluctuation data.
Spatial cognition and the hippocampus: The anterior-posterior axis

We discuss the question of differentiation along the anterior-posterior longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Data from a recent fMRI study are reanalyzed to determine whether activations in these hippocampal regions are affected by the nature of the information being accessed during a scanning session in which participants thought about episodes from their lives. Retrieving detailed spatial relational information preferentially activated the posterior hippocampus, whereas retrieving information about locales (or contexts) preferentially activated the anterior hippocampus. These data support the view that there is functional differentiation along the longitudinal axis in humans that matches what has been seen in rats, namely, that the posterior (dorsal) hippocampus is crucial for precise spatial behavior, and the anterior (ventral) hippocampus is crucial for context coding.
Risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the natural history of HCV infection acquired in infancy.

P ! .05 HCV RNA negative). In multivariate analysis restricted to HCV RNA‐positive mothers, membrane rupture 6 h (odds ratio [OR], 9.3 [95% CI, 1.5‐179.7]) and internal fetal monitoring (OR, 6.7 [95% CI, 1.1‐35.9]) were associated with transmission of HCV to infants. Conclusion. If duration of membrane rupture and internal fetal monitoring are confirmed to be associated with transmission, interventions may be possible to decrease the risk of transmission.
A one op-amp current source for electrical impedance tomography

A voltage-controlled current source containing one operational amplifier and used to drive an electrical impedance tomograph is described. The source is optimized to work at 50 kHz and maintains constant current through the entire range of loads expected in electrical impedance tomography. Because these loads may be grounded, the source can be used in parallel current injection systems. Because the source uses only one amplifier and does not require a driven shield, parts count is minimized. Because it can drive complex loads, a capacitor can be placed in its output path to prevent DC currents from flowing through the patient. >
Monte Carlo simulation of diffusions

This tutorial is intended to provide an overview of the key algorithms that are used to simulate sample paths of diffusion processes, as well as to offer an understanding of their fundamental approximation properties.
CHAOS-Kernel Support for Objects in the Real-Time Domain

We describe our experiences with a real-time multiprocessor operating system, called GEM (Generalized Executive for Multiprocessor applications) and with an extension to GEM, called CHAOS (Concurrent Hierarchical Adaptable Object System). CHAOS offers kernel-level primitives that allow high-performance, large-scale, real-time software to be programmed as a system of interacting objects. This significantly improves modularity, reconfigurability, and maintainability.
The chemistry and engineering of polymeric hydrogel adhesives for wound closure: a tutorial

The closure and repair of wounds after traumatic or surgical injury is of significant clinical and research importance. While sutures remain the common wound closure technique, they have many disadvantages. Consequently, polymeric hydrogel adhesives have emerged as essential materials for wound management and repair because of their tunable chemical and physical properties, which enable them to adhere or stick to tissues, possess sufficient mechanical strength to stay intact and be subsequently removed, provide complete wound occlusion, and act as a barrier to bacterial infection. Moreover, these materials absorb wound exudates and keep the wound moist for faster healing. This tutorial review summarizes the key chemical features that enabled the development and use of polymeric hydrogels as wound adhesives, sealants, and hemostats, their design requirements, synthetic routes, determination of properties, and the tests needed to evaluate their performances. This tutorial review is a reference and a starting point for scientists and clinicians working or interested in the field of wound management and, importantly, for the general audience who is interested in polymers for medical applications.
Hospital ownership and preventable adverse events.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if type of hospital ownership is associated with preventable adverse events.
Planned Bone Resections Using an MRI-Based Custom Cutting Guide System Versus 3-Dimensional, Weight-Bearing Images in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Potential sources of alignment variability not yet investigated with the use of custom cutting guides (CCG) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are weight-bearing and lower extremity rotation. This study compared the preoperative planned bone resections created using an MRI-based CCG system to those from 3-dimensional, weight-bearing, full-length lower extremity images in 53 patients undergoing TKA. The angular difference between the proposed resections of the two systems was greater than 2° in 30.2% of patients for the distal femur, and 52.8% for the proximal tibia. An increased preoperative varus alignment had a slight association with an increased angular difference for the tibial resection (r=0.4). This study demonstrates weight-bearing and lower extremity rotation to be potential sources of alignment variability when using MRI-based CCGs.
Risk factors for CKD in persons with kidney stones: a case-control study in Olmsted County, Minnesota

Background Kidney stones are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, risk factors in the general community are poorly defined. Study Design A nested case-control study was performed in residents of Olmsted County, MN, who presented with a kidney stone at the Mayo Clinic in 1980-1994 to contrast patients with kidney stones who developed CKD with a group that did not. Setting & Participants Participants were selected from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, an electronic linkage system among health care providers in Olmsted County, MN. Cases were identified by diagnostic code for CKD and confirmed to have an estimated glomerular filtration rate 2 . Controls were matched 2:1 to cases for age, sex, date of first kidney stone, and length of medical record. Predictor Charts were abstracted to characterize stone disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, ileal conduit, symptomatic stones, type and number of stones, urinary tract infections, number and type of surgical procedures, and medical therapy. Outcomes & Measurements Kidney stone patients with CKD were compared with matched stone patients without CKD. Results There were 53 cases and 106 controls with a mean age of 57 years at first stone event and 59% men. In kidney stone patients, cases with CKD were significantly more likely ( P Limitations Potential limitations include limited statistical power to detect associations, incomplete data from 24-hour urine studies, and that stone composition was not always available. Conclusion As in the general population, hypertension and diabetes are associated with increased risk of CKD in patients with kidney stones. However, other unique predictors were identified in patients with kidney stones that increased the possibility of CKD. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the nature of these associations.
Characteristics of breast carcinoma cases with false-negative sentinel lymph nodes.

Abstract Background In the past decade, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become standard for patients with early-stage clinically node-negative breast carcinoma (BC). Despite high overall surgical identification success rates with introduction of the dual-tracer techniques (dye and radiolabeled probe), false-negative rates remained unchanged in most recent meta-analyses. Patients and Methods We analyzed cases with false-negative SLN biopsy results over a 12-year period in a single institution to evaluate their clinicopathologic characteristics. Sixty-three false-negative cases (3.1%) were found in 2043 successful SLN mapping procedures, all of which were followed by varying amounts of additional axillary sampling. Results There was a higher proportion of invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs; 23 cases [37%]) when compared with this lesion's overall reported frequency (5%-15%). The majority of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases (31 of 40) were poorly differentiated. In 80% of the ductal-type cases, 1 or more nonsentinel nodes (NSLNs) were completely or partially replaced by tumor, as opposed to less than half of such cases of the lobular type. Twenty-two cases had multiple positive NSLN metastases, which were significantly associated with larger tumor size (≥ 1.0 cm) and tumor replacement of NSLNs. Eighty-two percent of the cases with known hormone receptor status were positive for estrogen or progesterone receptors, or both. Conclusion False-negative SLN biopsy results were more often associated with a primary BC characterized by a lobular or poorly differentiated ductal histologic type or partial to complete replacement of NSLNs with tumor, or both.
Digital power metering manifold

An innovative distributed approach to power metering on the multiple branch circuits supplied from a common distribution panel is presented. The power metering manifold's master-slave design results in substantial savings in analog circuitry, digital hardware, and communication components when compared to the conventional single monitor per circuit approach.
Is the Prion Domain of Soluble Ure2p Unstructured

The [URE3] prion is a self-propagating amyloid form of the Ure2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletions in the C-terminal nitrogen regulation domain of Ure2p increase the frequency with which the N-terminal prion domain polymerizes into the prion form, suggesting that the C-terminus stabilizes the prion domain or that the structured C-terminal region sterically impairs amyloid formation. We find by in vivo two-hybrid analysis no evidence of interaction of prion domain and C-terminal domain. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry shows no evidence of interaction of prion domain and C-terminal domain, and cleavage at a specific site between the domains frees the two fragments. Our NMR analysis indicates that most residues of the prion domain are in fact disordered in the soluble form of Ure2p. Deleting the tether holding the C-terminal structured region to the amyloid core does not impair prion formation, arguing against steric impairment of amyloid formation. These results suggest that ...
Modeling Urban Landscape Dynamics Using Subpixel Fractions and Fuzzy Cellular Automata

This study proposes a fuzzy cellular automata model based on the subpixel fractions extracted from multitemporal satellite images and discusses the relationship between sophisticated remote sensing techniques and an urban process model within the socioeconomic dimension. Accordingly, the major objectives of the present research are: (1) to incorporate the subpixel membership derived from remote sensing images into a fuzzy cellular automata model to simulate urban landscape change; (2) to standardize the quantitative method to incorporate subpixel information into a subcell cellular automata model and to find a better way to determine the parameters in the model's development, calibration, and validation. The comparison between the traditional cell-based model and subcell model suggests that the subpixel technique improves the accuracy of both urban mapping and modeling using medium resolution satellite images.
Parallelizing the computation of PageRank

This paper presents a technique we call ParaSolve that exploits the sparsity structure of the web graph matrix to improve on the degree of parallelism in a number of distributed approaches for computating PageRank. Specifically, a typical algorithm (such as power iteration or GMRES) for solving the linear system corresponding to PageRank, call it LinearSolve, may be converted to a distributed algorithm, Distrib( LinearSolve), by partitioning the problem and applying a standard technique (i.e., Distrib). By reducing the number of inter-partition multiplications, we may greatly increase the degree of parallelism, while achieving a similar degree of accuracy. This should lead to increasingly better performance as we utilize more processors. For example, using GeoSolve (a variant of Jacobi iteration) as our linear solver and the 2001 web graph from Stanford's WebBase project, on 12 processors Para-Solve(GeoSolve) outperforms Distrib(GeoSolve) by a factor of 1.4, while on 32 processors the performance ratio improves to 2.8.
NKG2D Ligands in Tumor Immunity: Two Sides of a Coin

The activating/co-stimulatory receptor NKG2D (natural-killer group 2, member D) is expressed on the surface of all human NK, NKT, CD8+ T and subsets of γδ+ T cells. The significance of NKG2D function in tumor immunity has been well demonstrated in experimental animal models. However, the role of human NKG2D ligands in regulating tumor immunity and cancer prognosis had been controversial in the literature. In this review, we summarize the latest advancement, discuss the controversies, and present evidence that membrane-bound and soluble NKG2D ligands oppositely regulate tumor immunity. We also discuss new perspectives of targeting NKG2D ligands for cancer immunotherapy.
The effects of short-wave diathermy on bone repair.

1. Diathermy in repeated clinical doses causes a delay in the healing of fractures in rabbits and in the union of bone grafts in dogs. The new-hone new-bond formation and callus are of poor structural quality. 2. Diathermy causes a decrease in the formation of osteoporosis following bone trauma in dogs and rabbits. 3. the continued use of diathermy in clinical closes causes oedema of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscles in rabbits. 4. There is marked stimulation of hair growth in rabbits within four days following the use of diathermy. 5. Theuse of diathermy causes a marked delay in the healing of sutgical wounds in dogs and rabbits.
Two Stage Elections, Strategic Candidates, and Agenda Convergence

Campaigns in the U.S. are two-stage events in which candidates must succeed in the primary in order to move on to the general election. We argue that the strategies employed by candidates in two stage elections depends on the electoral circumstances they face; candidates facing competitive primary elections must try to please their primary electorate before they shift their focus to the preferences of the median general election voter. Candidates who do not face competitive primaries, on the other hand, are free to run a single campaign designed to appeal to the entire electorate across both elections. We use advertising data from four U.S. Senate elections from 2002 and 2004 and show that candidates engaged in competitive primary elections respond to the advertising of their primary election opponents but not to that of their eventual general election opponents. We further nd that the losing primary candidates also respond to their primary opponents. Candidates who face noncompetitive primaries, on the other hand, do not respond to the advertising behavior of their eventual general election opponents during primary campaigns, suggesting that they pursue a dierent strategy entirely.
Indentation behavior of a Brittle Film/Brittle Substrate Composite

Surface-film induced plasticity caused by the generation of dislocations at the film-substrate interface has been demonstrated previously for bcc metals and B2 ordered alloys deformed at low homologous temperatures. More recently, we have observed similar effects at elevated temperatures for ZrO 2 -coated MoSi 2 , which also demonstrates a film-induced reduction in hardness for microhardness tests over 25°C - 1300°C. In this investigation, 120 nm - 480 nm thick ZrO 2 films were deposited on (001) single crystal MoSi 2 by electron beam deposition. These composites were used to characterize the film-induced softening of MoSi 2 at room temperature, where both MoSi 2 and ZrO 2 are brittle. Indents were made through the film into the substrate at 0.5 kgf loads using Vickers and Knoop indenters. Atomic Force Microscopy was employed to measure the geometry of Knoop indents after load removal, and to compare the results to the loaded indentation shapes. Increasing film thickness reduces the length of radial cracks in the substrate and lowers the composite hardness. The film also changes the relative amounts of deformation associated with material pileup at the surface near the edges of the indent, suggesting a change in deformation mechanism from pileup around the indenter edges to deformation by dislocation motion in the bulk.
Six New North American Species of Probezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with Biological Notes and a Key to Species

The North American species of the genus Probezzia Kieffer are common inhabitants of the sandy shores of the larger lakes and streams. A key is given for identification of the 19 known North American species, of which the following 6 are described as new: albitibia, bottimeri, fuscipennis, jamnbacki, nigra , and williamsi . Two European species are recorded from North America for the first time: Probezzia concinna (Meigen), NEW COMBINATION, and P. seminigra (Panzer), NEW COMBINATION, with P. venusta (Meigen), a NEW SYNOMYM of seminigra . New distribution records and synonymic notes are given and biological notes for the 10 species which have been reared. Attention is called to the characteristic adhesive discs on the abdomen of certain pupae; these are believed to aid in the attachment of the pupa to emergent aquatic plants for safer adult emergence.
Physiological Responses during Cycle Ergometry at a Constant Perception of Effort.

13 subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion, 4, 8-min submaximal rides, and a 1-h ride at the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) that corresponded to the physical working capacity at the OMNI threshold (PWC OMNI ) to examine: 1) the oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (+V E ), respiratory frequency (FR), and power output responses during 1-h work bouts at a constant RPE that corresponded to the PWC OMNI ; and 2) the ability of current models to explain the responses for physiological and perceptual parameters during the 1-h work bouts. The RPE that corresponded to the PWC OMNI represented a sustainable exercise intensity (56±5% (VO 2 Peak ) within the moderate-intensity domain. The mean, normalized slope coefficients for the VO 2 , +V E , and power output vs. time relationships during the 1-h rides were significantly less than zero. The mean, normalized slope coefficient for the FR vs. time relationship during the 1-h rides, however, was not significantly different from zero. Thus, RPE most clearly tracked FR responses during the 1-h rides. It was hypothesized that afferent feedback from respiratory muscles may have mediated the perception of effort during cycle ergometry at a constant RPE in the moderate-intensity domain.
Social Exchange in Group Consensus Development: Face-to-Face versus Electronic Mail

A sequence of experimental studies (Kiesler et al., 1984; Siegel et al., 1986) revealed that computer media had an unexpected inflammatory effect on group discussions. E.g, in comparison with face-to-face, computer-mediated groups exhibited more uninhibited verbal behavior (such as swearing and name calling). In this study we attempted theoretical explanation of each case of uninhibition encountered in content analysis of group discussions obtained during recently conducted experiment. The social exchange model (Dubrovsky, 1986) was used for this purpose. The model was empirically specified for group consensus development by means of a special questionnaire. Its predictions were then tested against available experimental group discussions material. This study offers theoretical explanation to most of the observed cases of uninhibited verbal behavior in computer-mediated discussions. It contributes to our understanding of a group consensus development process. It increases the validity of the social exchan...
Using 19F NMR to Probe Biological Interactions of Proteins and Peptides

Fluorine is a valuable probe for investigating the interactions of biological molecules because of its favorable NMR characteristics, its small size, and its near total absence from biology. Advances in biosynthetic methods allow fluorine to be introduced into peptides and proteins with high precision, and the increasing sensitivity of NMR spectrometers has facilitated the use of 19F NMR to obtain molecular-level insights into a wide range of often-complex biological interactions. Here, we summarize the advantages of solution-state 19F NMR for studying the interactions of peptides and proteins with other biological molecules, review methods for the production of fluorine-labeled materials, and describe some representative recent examples in which 19F NMR has been used to study conformational changes in peptides and proteins and their interactions with other biological molecules.
Predictors of program performance on the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).

Passing the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is a prerequisite to professional licensure throughout the United States and much of Canada. As such, the EPPP helps serve a gatekeeping function for the many subspecialties of professional psychology. After first reviewing the history, validation process, known associations with other variables, and criticisms of the EPPP, we summarize the most recent program-level data according to degree type and specialty. To assess the predictors of EPPP performance, these data (i.e., % correct and recently released EPPP pass rates) were combined with other sources of graduate program information. We hypothesized that EPPP performance would be associated with program prestige, program selectivity (e.g., admission rates), and student factors predating graduate training (e.g., intelligence, motivation, and standardized test-taking ability as approximated by GRE scores and GPA). As predicted, and in every case, the EPPP was significantly correlated with these three sets of variables. Specifically, the strongest associations were found with higher GRE scores, lower admission rates, better US News and World Report scores, and greater research emphasis. We also explored the influence of minority status, and found a negative correlation between EPPP performance and the percentage of minority students in programs. To determine the strongest predictors of EPPP performance, a series of simultaneous multiple regressions was conducted. The three consistent predictors across regressions were GRE scores, percentage of minorities in programs, and internship match rates. Suggestions for clarifying these findings as well as recommendations to assess the EPPP’s validity further are provided.
Major flood related strains and pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To assess the impact of experiencing a major flood during pregnancy on fetal growth and length of gestation, and to consider how flood-related strains might contribute to these effects. Method: The Red River Pregnancy Project was a prospective study carried out for 3 months immediately after the historic 2009 crest of the Red River in Fargo, North Dakota. Pregnant community residents who were at least 18 years old with a singleton, intrauterine pregnancy participated in the study (N = 169). Analyses examined if birth weight and length of gestation were associated with residential distance from flooding and gestational age at time of the flood crest. Results: For pregnancies earlier in gestation during the crest (–1 SD = 12 weeks), birth weight decreased as distance from flooding decreased (−42.29 g/mi, p .10). Biparietal growth trajectories showed a decrease in growth after the crest of the flood but only for women early in pregnancy. However, various measures of flood related and general stress or strain did not explain these effects. Length of gestation was not associated with distance from or the timing of the flood. Conclusions: Pregnant women in the first trimester who experience a major flood near their homes are at risk of having lower birth weight neonates due to a reduction in fetal growth. The mechanisms of this effect deserve further attention in rapidly mounted investigations after disaster.
Human energy expenditure, allocation, and interactions in natural temperate, hot, and cold environments.

Objective The aim of this research is to analyze how energy is allocated differently in temperate, hot, and cold environments among National Outdoor Leadership School students. Method Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermoregulation, and the thermic effect of food were estimated to determine the total energy expenditure and energy allocation differences among a group of healthy, highly active adults (N = 59) participating in National Outdoor Leadership School courses in the western United States. Two of these courses took place in both hot and temperate climates (N = 22) and the other two in both temperate and cold climates (N = 28). Data from a pilot study (N = 6) in a temperate climate were also included. Each climate regime lasted for one month. Results Total energy expenditure values were statistically equivalent in temperate and hot climates (p = .97). However, subjects experienced significantly higher total energy expenditures in cold climates (p < .0001), expending an additional ∼1550 kcal day−1. There is a significant interaction between physical activity and thermoregulation, such that physical activity reduces thermoregulatory costs in cold climates, but increases it in hot climates. Conclusions Dissection of the energy budget revealed that total energy expenditure is significantly higher in cold climates. This is due to a combination of high levels of physical activity and high thermoregulatory costs. High levels of physical activity may substantially lower the cost of thermoregulation in cold climates, and this interaction should be taken into account when estimating TEE.
Gate Overdrive with Split-Circuit Biasing to Substitute for Body Biasing in FinFET and UTB FDSOI Circuits

Body biasing (BB) in bulk CMOS is an important tool for circuit designers that enables dynamic modulation of device thresholds post-fabrication, thus potentially improving yields, or allowing the circuit to adapt to different power modes, such as fully active or sleep. Fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) FETs, such as ultrathin body (UTB) devices, may benefit from the same effect when the buried oxide (BOX) is thin enough to allow back plane biasing (BPB) to affect the accumulation or inversion in the channel. However, when the BOX is thick the back plane potential has very little effect on the channel, eliminating the ability to modulate threshold voltage via BPB. Similarly, FinFETs benefit very little from controlled body effect because the gate has nearly full control over the channel. In this paper a new circuit topology is presented which can act as a substitute for body biasing without relying on the body effect. The inputs, outputs, and supply rails are split in such a way that the gates of some devices are overdriven without increasing voltage swing, resulting in a higher Ion and reduced latency under forward bias, or reducing leakage current under reverse bias. For a 28nm FDSOI process a speedup of up to 15% can be realized under forward bias with an increase in power of 19%, while static power can be reduced by up to 35% with a 19% decrease in performance.
Private sector shrinkage and the growth of industrialized economies

Industrialized nations have experienced growing public sectors over this century. Measured as a share of total product, growing absorptions of resources by governments have altered the private-public sector mixes of in­ dustrialized economies. As displayed in Table 1, the average level of the public sector's share of gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from .32 to .40 over 1960 to 1980, respectively. Much of public sector growth stems from a rapid acceleration in public outlays on social expenditure: The average ratio of social expenditure to GDP has risen from .14 to .24 over the same period. This paper examines the hypothesis that growing public sectors retard macroeconomic growth. Even though much has been hypothesized and asserted about the effect of growing public sectors on economic growth, there exist little empirical evidence supporting the hypotheses and asserta­ tions. From a sample of 19 industrialized countries, it is found that economic growth is inversely related to public sector size over the period 1960-1980. The results of this paper suggest that shrinking private sectors not only pose threats to future over-all economic growth but constrains the future ability of public sectors to consume private resources at accelerating rates.
Road Map and Issues in Collaborative Visualization

A majority of the collaborative systems today are still in 2D. This paper highlights several issues and challenges in extending support to 3D collaborative workspaces. In particular, we focus on collaborative visualization systems that support shared 3D virtual workspaces. Several features unique to 3D collaborative visualization systems can be identified. For example, the number of participants in a session is usually relatively small; the data sets and the amount of data transferred in a session are typically large; and because each participant may be located anywhere within the 3D virtual workspace, each participant may have his own viewpoint or perspective. These properties help constrain and shape the design of 3D collaborative visualization systems. This paper presents two related 3D collaborative visualization systems called CSpray and PET SLUG, and discusses the particular issues and challenges shared by other 3D collaborative visualization systems. We provide a road map from the insights developed from our research, to the development of 3D collaborative visualization.
Leukodystrophic Changes in Oculodentaldigital Dysplasia (P06.207)

OBJECTIVE: To report MRI brain findings of leukodystrophic changes in oculodentaldigital dysplasia (ODDD). BACKGROUND: ODDD is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by microophthalmia, nasal deformity, abnormal dentition and syndactyly of the 4th and 5th fingers. It is associated with various neurological manifestations such as spasticity, gaze palsy, epilepsy and blindness. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 21 year old right handed female with history of ODDD presented to the emergency room with transient left sided hemiplegia. She had 3 episodes of bilateral facial paresthesias, dysphasia, dysphagia and left sided hemiplegia lasting for 30 minutes without alteration of awareness. These episodes occurred in a day without recurrence of symptoms. She has a strong family history, of which father and 2 other paternal relatives are affected with ODDD. Physical exam revealed stable vital signs, microcephaly, microophthalmia, flat zygomatic arch, deficient ala nasi, oligodontia of upper and lower jaw with numerous dental caries, surgical scars of upper extremities for correction of syndactyly and cutaneous syndactyly between 3rd and 4th toes bilaterally, consistent with ODDD. Neurological exam was unremarkable. She had 2 normal EEGs. CSF analysis was normal. MRI brain revealed posterior white matter, internal capsule and splenium of corpus callosum T2 non-enhancing abnormalities. Genetic testing showed GJA-1 mutation, confirming ODDD. Typical brain MRI findings of ODDD have been reported to include abnormal white matter changes involving posterior regions, basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem. The frontal regions are less likely affected. CONCLUSIONS: ODDD is a poorly recognized genetic condition among neurologists that can present with various neurological manifestations. ODDD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with leukodystrophic changes in the brain MRI with typical clinical characteristics. Disclosure: Dr. Lim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kale has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sivaraman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bollu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vellipuram has nothing to disclose.
Review of 1,000 consecutive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs as a quality initiative.

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a resource-intensive mode of life-support potentially applicable when conventional therapies fail. Given the initial success of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support neonates and infants in the 1980s, indications have expanded to include adolescents, adults, and selected moribund patients during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This single-institution analysis was conducted to evaluate programmatic growth, outcomes, and risk for death despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation across all ages and diseases. Methods Beginning in 1989, we registered prospectively all extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patient data with the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. We queried this registry for our institution-specific data to compare the parameter of “discharge alive” between age groups (neonatal, pediatric, adult), disease groups (respiratory, cardiac, cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and modes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (veno-venous; veno-arterial). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-specific complications (mechanical, hemorrhagic, neurologic, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, infectious, metabolic) were analyzed similarly. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier, and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results After 1,052 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs, indications have expanded to include adults, to supplement cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to support hemodialysis in neonates and plasmapheresis in children, and to bridge all age patients to heart and lung transplant. Overall survival to discharge was 52% and was better for respiratory diseases ( P P = .013). Complications occurred most commonly among cardiac and cardiopulmonary resuscitation runs ( P P P = .044). Conclusion Our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program, an Extracorporeal Life Support Organization-designated Center of Excellence, has experienced substantial growth in volume and indications, including increasing age and disease severity. Considering the entire cohort, pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ventilation exceeding 7 days was associated with an increased probability of death.
Beyond "Just Saying No": A Preliminary Evaluation of Strategies College Students Use to Refuse Sexual Activity.

Preventing sexual assault is a core goal for universities as prevalence rates of sexual assault remain high, particularly among college students. A key mechanism thought to decrease rates of sexual assault is teaching college students how to give clear, explicit, verbal refusals. However, there is a paucity of research regarding how college students refuse sex. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand different behavioral strategies college students would use to refuse sex. A sample of 773 heterosexual college students (523 women, 250 men) were recruited from two large southern universities in the USA to complete a survey on sexual communication. Thirty-eight items assessing verbal and behavioral cues that college students would use to refuse vaginal–penile sex were written based on previous, formative research. Items were assessed by the research team through an exploratory factor analyses, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results yielded a three-factor structure: direct nonverbal refusals, direct verbal refusals, and indirect nonverbal refusals; CFA results suggested a good fit index for the model. Two independent sample t tests were conducted to examine differences in refusal cues across gender and relationship status; significant differences in refusals emerged for both. The three-factor structure depicting refusal cues was similar to previous work depicting cues college students use to communicate sexual consent; such information could inform sexual assault prevention programming.
The Power of Names: Uncovering the Mystery of What We Are Called

Mavis Himes, a psychoanalyst, draws upon her Lacanian training, the experiences of her patients and friends, and her personal examination of her family’s names to describe something of the history ...
Static Pricing of Financial Assets

We maximize the expected utility of the terminal wealth of an investor with exponential utility. The investor trades today on a set of hedging instruments in order to mitigate the risk on a liability committed to at some known time in the future.We show that such a static portfolio allocation problem may be viewed as a game against the market: In this game, the market chooses the probability measure that maximizes the investor’s adjusted expected loss. The investor thereafter picks the best strategy that minimizes the damaging effect of the market choice.The investor allocation problem has a solution if and only if the following statement is true: The static risk-neutral probability is analogous to its continuous counterpart. Yet, there are several differences specified throughout the text.Provided additional conditions, solutions of the investor allocation problem have a limit as the risk aversion coefficient tends to infinity. This particular strategy happens to be a solution to the asymptotic problem i.e. the investor allocation game with an infinite risk aversion coefficient. The limit strategy guarantees the less damaging worst case scenario of all possible strategies. This property prompts us to introduce new terms in finance mainly the and the With these definitions, we link the price of a financial asset to an associated hedging strategy that assumes discrete rebalancing. The associated hedging strategy does not depend on the investor tradeoff between risk and reward. We therefore stay consistent with what I consider the major idea in modern finance i.e. viewing a price as a cost of the hedge although being in a static framework.
A Checklist Manifesto: Effectiveness of Checklist Use in Hands-On Simulation Examining Competency in Contrast Reaction Management in a Randomized Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to assess the performance of a contrast reaction management checklist for optimal management of a contrast reaction scenario created using a high-fidelity ...
Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Resources for Type 1 Diabetes Care among T1D Exchange Centers

Background: The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receive care from a multidisciplinary team. We are unaware of studies that have compared staffing resources in pediatric and adult diabetes centers across the United States (U.S.). Methods: In 2015, we performed an environmental scan of staffing resources for centers in the T1D Exchange. Total number of T1D patients and staff full-time equivalent (FTE) for T1D patients were enumerated. Mean staff FTE-patient ratios were calculated and compared within and between pediatric and adult clinics. Results: We collected data on 57 diabetes clinics (38 pediatric, 19 adult) of 77 centers, which collectively cared for 45,873 pediatric and 34,287 adult T1D patients. Staffing ratios did not vary significantly within pediatric or adult clinics. However, upon comparison, adult clinics had approximately half as many staff resources as pediatric clinics, despite having similar volumes of patients (Table 1). Psychologists and social workers were available at 42% of adult vs. 87% of pediatric clinics (p Conclusions: Among specialized T1D centers in the U.S., there are stark disparities in staffing in adult vs. pediatric clinics. The relationship of these resources to outcomes is unknown. Benchmarking may be needed to optimize T1D care for pediatric and adult populations with T1D. Disclosure S. Agarwal: None. E. Hirschfeld: None. A. Garrity: None. A. Shah: None. S. Corathers: None. R.S. Weinstock: Research Support; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Mylan, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Calibra Medical, Dexcom, Inc., Ultradian Diagnostics LLC., JAEB Center For Health Research, JDRF, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. K.L. Lambert: None. C. Bobik: None. A.B. Cabrera: None. N. Rioles: None. J. Lee: Consultant; Self; Unitio.
Tooth loss and heart disease: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the association between tooth loss and heart disease. Methods Data were analyzed from the 1999 to 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing telephone survey operated by state health agencies with assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study was conducted based on 41,891 adults aged 40 to 79 years old in 22 states and the District of Columbia. Results A significant association was observed between the extent of tooth loss and heart disease prevalence. After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status, respondents who had 1 to 5 missing teeth, 6 to 31 missing teeth, or were edentulous were significantly more likely than those without tooth loss to have heart disease (adjusted prevalence: 6.8%, 10.2%, and 11.5%, respectively, vs. 5.3%; p p Conclusions Tooth loss is associated in a consistent and graded fashion with the self-reported prevalence of heart disease. Health promotion counseling should include the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the maintenance of good oral health.
Judgments of Restrictiveness, Social Acceptability, and Usage: Review of Research on Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Research on professionals', consumers', and others' judgments of the restrictiveness, social acceptability, and estimated frequency of use of procedures to decrease behavior was reviewed. General findings were that (a) respondents generally were consistent in rating procedures from least to most restrictive; (b) most respondents agreed that procedures judged more restrictive should be used as a last resort; (c) more restrictive procedures were not frequently used in practice; (d) respondents generally agreed that less restrictive procedures were more socially acceptable, and vice versa; and (e) the social acceptability of procedures changed as a function of contextual variables Problems related to research methodology were discussed and future research directions suggested.
Targeted Hybrid Capture Methods

Impressive advances in next generation sequencing have made it possible to analyze large amounts of genomic data at ever decreasing costs. Methods of targeted sequencing aimed at evaluating selected portions of the genome can be utilized to identify clinically relevant disease-associated or specific therapy-associated variants. This chapter will focus on important considerations and parameters of capture-based targeting methods, describe the most widely used target capture-based strategies in clinical testing, compare target-based capture to amplification-based capture, and illustrate general clinical applications.
The Ultrastructural Chemoanatomy of the Basal Ganglia: 1984–1989. II. The Pallidum, Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus

The previous chapter covered our survey of the literature on the neostriatum. The present one completes the review of the other components of the basal ganglia system. A list of abbreviations can be found at the beginning of the preceding article.