cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infants at risk for physical disability may be identified by measures of postural control in supine.

Background Early detection of delay or impairment in motor function is important to guide clinical management and inform prognosis during a critical window for the development of motor control in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of biomechanical measures of early postural control to distinguish infants with future impairment in motor control from their typically developing peers. Methods We recorded postural control from infants lying in supine in several conditions. We compared various center of pressure metrics between infants grouped by birth status (preterm and full term) and by future motor outcome (impaired motor control and typical motor control). Results One of the seven postural control metrics-path length-was consistently different between groups for both group classifications and for the majority of conditions. Conclusions Quantitative measures of early spontaneous infant movement may have promise to distinguish early in life between infants who are at risk for motor impairment or physical disability and those who will demonstrate typical motor control. Our observation that center of pressure path length may be a potential early marker of postural instability and motor control impairment needs further confirmation and further investigation to elucidate the responsible neuromotor mechanisms. Impact The key message of this article is that quantitative measures of infant postural control in supine may have promise to distinguish between infants who will demonstrate future motor impairment and those who will demonstrate typical motor control. One of seven postural control metrics-path length-was consistently different between groups. This metric may be an early marker of postural instability in infants at risk for physical disability.
Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty

An innovating organization faces the challenge of how to prioritize distinct goals of novelty and value, both of which underlie innovation. Popular practitioner frameworks like Agile management sug...
The Heritage Strikes Back: Athlete Activism, Black Lives Matter, and the Iconic Fifth Wave of Activism in the (W)NBA Bubble:

On August 26, 2020, the sporting world experienced a monumental return of athlete activism when National Basketball Association (NBA) players executed a boycott of the playoffs as a result of heigh...
Origin and functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs) are a special lineage of cells central in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, and are targeted for human immunotherapy. They are conventionally associated with the production of classical anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-β and IL-35, consistent to their anti-inflammatory functions. However, emerging evidence show that they also express effector cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17A under inflammatory conditions. While some studies reveal that these pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ regulatory cells retain their suppressive ability, others believe that these cells are dys-regulated and are associated with perpetuation of immunopathology. Therefore the development of these cells may challenge the efficacy of human Treg therapy. Mechanistically, toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu have been shown to play important roles in the induction of effector cytokines in Tregs. Here we review the mechanisms of development and the possible functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ Tregs.
Equivalent Roughness for Shallow Channel

Channel sections with different roughnesses along the water perimeter are often encountered in design problems. Typical design problems include partly lined canals and tunnels with different construction materials used at the bottom and the side. It is necessary to compute the equivalent roughness coefficient for any hydraulic computation in open channels and in channels with ice cover. Two formulas have been developed herein for the equivalent roughness coefficient in shallow open-channel flow.
Clinical Detection and Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PEN) typically generate a great deal of clinician interest because of the rarity with which they occur and their associated hormonal syndromes. While their rarity has limited research efforts into the pathophysiology of these tumors to some extent, recent advances in molecular biology techniques have allowed investigators to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of these lesions allowing the development of novel techniques for the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of PENs.
Studying Operational Models of Relaxed Concurrency

We study two operational semantics for relaxed memory models. Our first formalization is based on the notion of write-buffers which is pervasive in the memory models literature. We instantiate the Total Store Ordering TSO and Partial Store Ordering PSO memory models in this framework. Memory models that support more aggressive relaxations e.g. read-to-read reordering are not easily described with write-buffers. Our second framework is based on a general notion of speculative computation. In particular we allow the prediction of function arguments, and execution ahead of time e.g. by branch prediction. While technically more involved than write-buffers, this model is more expressive and can encode all the Sparc family of memory models: TSO, PSO and Relaxed Memory Ordering RMO. We validate the adequacy of our instantiations of TSO and PSO by formally comparing their write-buffer and speculative formalizations. The use of operational semantics techniques is paramount for the tractability of these proofs.
Convergent Validity of the Clinical Assessment of Depression as a Screening Procedure in Immersion Treatment of Adolescent Obesity

Background/Objective: The present research tested the clinical validity of a simple self-report measure, Clinical Assessment of Depression (CAD), as a screening tool to identify potentially disruptive participants in immersion treatment for adolescent obesity. Methods: 257 overweight attendees at two Wellspring Camps (cognitive-behavior therapy immersion treatment) were included (91% females; M age = 15.1; M pretreatment BMI = 35.0; M pretreatment % overweight = 77.6). Campers completed CADs, Binge Scales, 24-hour dietary recalls, and food pantry checklists. A reliable chart review identified indicators of psychological distress. Results: Campers were grouped according indicators of distress into three Distress groups: High (27%), Medium (38%), and Low (35%). The High Distress group scored significantly higher than both of the other groups on CAD and Binge measures. The groups were similar on all other measures. Conclusions: The results support the validity of the CAD as a potentially useful and efficient...
On the efficiency of a local iterative algorithm to compute Delaunay realizations

Greedy routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are fast and efficient but in general cannot guarantee message delivery. Hence researchers are interested in the problem of embedding WSNs in low dimensional space (e.g., R2) in a way that guarantees message delivery with greedy routing. It is well known that Delaunay triangulations are such embeddings. We present the algorithm FindAngles, which is a fast, simple, local distributed algorithm that computes a Delaunay triangulation from any given combinatorial graph that is Delaunay realizable. Our algorithm is based on a characterization of Delaunay realizability due to Hiroshima et al. (IEICE 2000). When compared to the PowerDiagram algorithm of Chen et al. (SoCG 2007), our algorithm requires on average 1/7th the number of iterations, scales better to larger networks, and has a much faster distributed implementation. The PowerDiagram algorithm was proposed as an improvement on another algorithm due to Thurston (unpublished, 1988). Our experiments show that on average the PowerDiagram algorithm uses about 18% fewer iterations than the Thurston algorithm, whereas our algorithm uses about 88% fewer iterations. Experimentally, FindAngles exhibits well behaved convergence. Theoretically, we prove that with certain initial conditions the error term decreases monotonically. Taken together, these suggest our algorithm may have polynomial time convergence for certain classes of graphs. We note that our algorithm runs only on Delaunay realizable triangulations. This is not a significant concern because Hiroshima et al. (IEICE 2000) indicate that most combinatorial triangulations are indeed Delaunay realizable, which we have also observed experimentally.
The 4‐Methylthio‐1‐Butyl Group for Phosphate/Thiophosphate Protection in Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Synthesis

The detailed preparation of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites functionalized with a 4-methylthio-1-butyl group for P(III) protection is described, along with the incorporation of these phosphoramidites into DNA oligonucleotides via solid-phase techniques. The versatility of the thermolabile 4-methylthio-1-butyl phosphate/thiophosphate-protecting group is exemplified through its facile removal from oligonucleotides under neutral conditions or under standard basic conditions. The sulfonium salt that is produced during the thermolytic deprotection of oligonucleotides did not alter DNA nucleobases or desulfurize phosphorothioate diesters to a significant extent. Keywords: Deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites; 4-methylthio-1-butanol; phosphorus trichloride; bis(N,N-diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine; O-(4-methylthio-1-butyl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite; intramolecular cyclodeesterification; thermolytic deprotection; S-methyltetrahydrothiophenium chloride
Strings and Sets

A decision problem is a function with a one-bit output: “yes” or “no.” To specify a decision problem, one must specify the set A of possible inputs, and the subset B ⊆ A of “yes” instances
Alcohol from corn: can our soil survive?

This study employs a national linear programming model to analyze the trade-offs between alcohol production and soil loss. The model minimizes agricultural production costs while meeting commodity demands in the year 2000, and incorporates alcohol production from corn grain and corn residue. Alcohol conversion rates of 3 gallons/bushel of corn grain and 1 gallon/20 pounds of corn residue are used to approximate technology available by 2000;Alcohol production from corn grain at the levels set as goals by the Carter Administration (10 billion gallons) would require 3.3 billion additional bushels of corn. Much of this additional corn would be grown on land previously in soybeans. But some corn would be grown on marginal land which is considered "high potential" for conversion. Close to half of the marginal land is erosive and the production of corn needed for alcohol increases this erosive potential. It is, however, possible to produce alcohol from corn grain at the 8, 10, or even 12 billion gallon level without increasing soil loss if soil conserving farming techniques are employed. Farmers as a whole would have to switch almost completely away from moldboard plowing in the fall. The use of minimum tillage techniques in conjunction with conservation practices such as contouring, strip cropping, and terracing, would be needed to counteract the erosive potential of alcohol production from corn grain. The use of corn residue for alcohol production is even more erosive. This study estimates that even if farmers switched totally to spring plowing and minimum tillage in conjunction with increased conservation practices, soil loss could increase by almost 20 percent if corn residue was harvested to meet 2000 alcohol goals of 12 billion gallons.
Drawing coagulation studies from arterial lines: an integrative literature review

How much blood must be discarded from a heparinized arterial line to obtain accurate coagulation studies, specifically activated partial thromboplastin time? The published literature provides insight into the question and guidelines for practice in adult critical care. This article reviews and integrates findings from 14 research studies published from 1971 to 1993 on discarding blood from arterial lines for coagulation studies. Investigators compared activated partial thromboplastin time values from arterial and venous blood samples using various discard volumes, sites and sizes of catheters, and heparin flush concentrations. Similarities and differences in arterial and venous activated partial thromboplastin time were reported. Studies have demonstrated that adequate discard volume for activated partial thromboplastin time is 6 times the catheter dead space. These results should not be generalized to systemically heparinized patients, pediatric patients, or other types of heparinized lines such as pulmonary artery, central venous, or Hickman catheters.
SHRINKING TARGETS FOR NONAUTONOMOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS CORRESPONDING TO CANTOR SERIES EXPANSIONS

We provide a closed formula of Bowen type for the Hausdorff dimension of a very general shrinking target scheme generated by the non-autonomous dynamical system on the interval $[0,1)$, viewed as $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, corresponding to a given method of Cantor series expansion. We also examine a wide class of examples utilizing our theorem. In particular, we provide a Diophantine approximation interpretation of our scheme.
Enzymatic reaction of silent substrates: kinetic theory and application to the serine protease chymotrypsin.

Investigating the selectivity that an enzyme expresses toward its substrates can be technically challenging if reaction of these substrates is not accompanied by a conveniently monitored change in some physicochemical property. In this paper, we describe a simple method for determining steady-state kinetic parameters for enzymatic turnover of such "silent" substrates. According to this method, silent substrate S is allowed to compete for enzymic reaction with signal-generating substrate S*, whose conversion to product can be conveniently monitored. Full reaction progress curves are collected under conditions of [S*](o) or= 3K(m). Progress curves collected under these conditions are characterized by an initial lag phase of duration tau that is followed by the pseudo-first-order reaction of S. Steady-state kinetic parameters for the silent substrate can be obtained by one of two methods. One method combines least-squares fitting with numerical integration of appropriate rate equations to analyze the progress curves, while the other method relies on direct graphical analysis in which K(m) is the value of [S](o) that reduces the control velocity by a factor of 2 and V(max) is shown to simply equal the ratio [S](o)/tau. We use these methods to analyze the alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of silent substrate Suc-Ala-Phe-AlaNH(2) with signal generator Suc-Ala-Phe-pNA. From the curve-fitting method, k(c) = 0.9 +/- 0.2 s(-1) and K(m) = 0.4 +/- 0.1 mM, while by direct graphical analysis, k(c) = 1.1 +/- 0.1 s(-1) and K(m) = 0.51 +/- 0.03 mM. As validation of this new method, we show agreement of these values with those determined independently by HPLC analysis of the hydrolysis of Suc-Ala-Phe-AlaNH(2) by alpha-CT, where k(c) = 1.1 +/- 0.1 s(-1) and K(m) = 0.5 +/- 0.1 mM.
The effect of surgical procedures on urinary gonadotropin excretion.

IN A recent publication (1), we reported excessive urinary gonadotropic activity in certain patients receiving cortisone or pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) therapy. This occurred in 9 of 22 subjects who were treated with these agents for a variety of diseases. The nature of the substance responsible for the increased urinary excretion of gonadotropin was not determined but it is believed to be of adenohypophyseal or adrenal origin. Since this phenomenon was observed to follow exogenously induced hyperadrenocorticalism the possibility suggested itself that it might also occur as a result of augmented endogenous adrenocortical activity. It is now well established that enhanced function of the adrenal cortex is an important part of the normal adaptive mechanism of the organism following stress or trauma. This is revealed in various studies dealing with the effects of injury on such indices of adrenocortical activity as the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids (2) and corticoids (3), the level of...
N 17 Energy Levels and Gamma Rays

The nuclear reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$+${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ was studied with the use of a three-parameter analysis technique. The three parameters recorded were particle type, particle energy, and energy of gamma rays in time coincidence with the charged particles. Both ungated particle spectra and particle-gamma-ray coincidence data were taken simultaneously. Particles were detected by a $E\ensuremath{-}\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dX}}$ system made up of solid-state detectors. The gamma rays were detected in a large NaI (Tl) crystal. The data gathering and analyzing system consisted of three pulse-height analyzers (256 channels for ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$, and 1024 channels for ${E}_{\mathrm{particle}}$), and a small general-purpose computer with magnetic tape units and an oscilliscope display. The energies of protons from the reaction ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}({\mathrm{Li}}^{7}, p){\mathrm{N}}^{17}$ were measured. Groups corresponding to previously observed states in ${\mathrm{N}}^{17}$ were seen as well as 14 new states. Spectra of gamma rays from the bound levels of ${\mathrm{N}}^{17}$ were analyzed to give the decay schemes and some branching ratios. Calibrations were obtained from gamma rays of known energy produced in the reaction and from the known energies of some of the proton, deuteron, and triton groups.
Age, Gender, and Ethnicity Effects on Parent–Child Discrepancy Using Identical Item Measures

Objective assessment of child and adolescent behavioral and emotional symptoms is traditionally obtained from multiple sources. However, a substantial body of research indicates that parental and child reports provide significant amounts of contradicting diagnostic information. Although a large and growing body of research attempts to identify potential influences of discrepant reports, the current research improves upon previous research in three primary ways: using identical item measures, using expanded statistical analyses, and evaluating cultural influences on observed discrepancies. A total of 2,153 parent–child dyads completed ratings of child behavior and emotional functioning. Specifically, parents and children completed the Ohio Scales, an empirically supported, identical item measure. Generally, reporter agreement was greater than typically reported. Similar to previous research with clinical populations, parents reported greater levels of child problems than their children. While age was not associated with observed discrepancies, parents and daughters demonstrated greater discrepancies on fewer specific items while parents and sons demonstrated more pervasive yet less severe discrepancies. Additionally, Hispanic dyads demonstrated less discrepancy than did African American and Caucasian dyads independent of discrepancy analysis. Discrepancies must be measured using multiple statistical methods in order to understand patterns. Furthermore, discrepancy research must address key demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, gender).
Weakly coupled semilinear parabolic evolution systems

We obtain a priori bounds, global existence results, and a variation of parameters representation for classical solutions to weakly coupled semilinear parabolic systems which include spatial and temporal inhomogeneities.
Vaccines delivered by integration-deficient lentiviral vectors targeting dendritic cells induces strong antigen-specific immunity

We report a study of an integration-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV) enveloped with a Sindbis virus glycoprotein mutant (SVGmu) capable of selectively binding to dendritic cells (DCs) for its potential as a vaccine carrier. The in vitro assays showed that the D64V point mutation in the catalytic domain of HIV-1 integrase efficiently inhibited the integration of the transgene upon vector transduction, while the targeting specificity of the vector to preferentially transduce and mediate durable expression in DCs was maintained. Substantial immune responses in C57BL/6 mice and complete protection against a challenge with the C57BL/6 thymoma EG.7 tumor expressing a delivered ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in mice have been achieved through the direct injection of the DC-directed IDLV encoding OVA. Thus, this DC-directed IDLV system represents a promising and efficient vector platform with remarkably improved safety for the future development of DC-based immunotherapy.
A stable integral equation for electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric bodies

It is shown that a previously derived integral equation for electromagnetic scattering from a homogeneous dielectric body (see ibid., vol.AP-32, p.166-172, Feb. 1984) does not have a unique solution at resonant frequencies of the cavity formed by making the surface S of the body perfectly conducting and filling the region internal to S with the external medium. This integral equation was formulated so that an equivalent electric current radiates in the presence of the homogeneous external medium to produce the scattered field external to the body. A combination of equivalent electric and magnetic currents is used to formulate an integral equation whose solution is always unique. >
Interaction of the Vitamin D Receptor with a Vitamin D Response Element in the Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance (MIS) Promoter: Regulation of MIS Expression by Calcitriol in Prostate Cancer Cells

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) inhibits the growth of a variety of cancer cells including human prostate cancer. Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) also exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions on multiple cancer cells including human prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether calcitriol regulated MIS expression in prostate cancer, an action that might contribute to its antiproliferative activity. We identified a 15-bp sequence, GGGTGAgcaGGGACA, in the MIS promoter that was highly similar to direct repeat 3-type vitamin D response elements (VDREs). The human MIS promoter containing the putative VDRE was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. In HeLa cells transfected with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), MIS promoter activity was stimulated by calcitriol. Coexpression of steroidogenic factor 1, a key regulator of MIS, increased basal MIS promoter activity that was further stimulated by calcitriol. Mutation or deletion of the VDRE reduced calcitriol-induced transactivation. In addition, the MIS VDRE conferred calcitriol responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. In gel shift assays, VDR and retinoid X receptor bound to the MIS VDRE and the binding was increased by calcitriol. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that VDR and retinoid X receptor were present on the MIS promoter in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MIS is a target of calcitriol action. MIS is up-regulated by calcitriol via a functional VDRE that binds the VDR. Up-regulation of MIS by calcitriol may be an important component of the antiproliferative actions of calcitriol in some cancers.
Quanta, Quarks, and Families: Implications of Quantum Physics for Family Research

This paper offers recommendations for family research in light of the scientific paradigm ushered in by quantum physics in the early twentieth century. After summarizing the basic discoveries of quantum physics, the author discusses philosophical implications of these discoveries, and then presents implications for conducting scientific research about families within a post-Newtonian paradigm that emphasizes relations, process, and dynamic causation. The author argues for using complementary research models, including linear and systemic, because no one theory or methodology can illuminate fully the inscrutable nature of family processes.
Paramagnetic relaxation of the CO33- molecule-ion in single crystal calcite

Abstract Spin-lattice relaxation times of the CO 3 3- molecule-ion in single crystal calcite have been measured at 0.319 cm -1 in the region of liquid helium as a function of magnetic field. The relaxation probability data are interpreted in terms of the phonon modulation of superhyperfine interaction.
Heterofission of pentacene excited singlets in pentacene-doped tetracene crystals

Abstract The magnetic field dependence of the fluorescence of pentacene-doped tetracene single crystals indicates that following energy transfer to pentacene, the trapped pentacene singlet fissions into one tetracene triplet exciton and one pentacene triplet (estimated energy 0.81 ± 0.02 eV).
Synthesis of sulfonated polystyrene‐silica hybrids and their application as ion exchange materials

The first synthesis of poly(styrene-co-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane) [P(ST-STMS)]-silica hybrid materials has been achieved via the acid-catalyzed sol-gel reactions of P(ST-STMS) with tetraethyl orthosilicate. New sulfonated polystyrene-silica hybrid materials have been prepared by sulfonation of P(ST-STMS)-silica and poly[styrene-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate]-silica hybrids with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid. The sulfonated materials exhibit cation exchange capacities ranging from 0.33 to 1.27 meq/g depending on the composition of the hybrid materials and on the sulfonation conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64:1893–1902, 1997
Toward a theory of collection development: an activities and attributes approach

This paper presents results of a study of corporate library selection activity performed to support four global corporations. The firms examined are involved in providing communication, knowledge in its different forms, and computing. Using these results, this paper synthesizes literature on selection and collection development to present an approach to developing an eventual theory of collection development. Using this approach, such a theory would predict the performance of selection activity; the operation of its attributes, such as its cost, centralization, and formalization; and the operation of other collection development activities. Concurrently, it would explain these predictions using dynamics such as the need to include specified ideas within selected content, the need to cope with selector's abilities to choose vast amounts of content, the need to contain selection cost, and the need to gather material together so as to support browsing and its resulting impromptu development of ideas.
Electronic controls as applied to process instrumentation

The use of electronics in the measurement and control of process variables usually results in higher production rates as well as higher quality at lower costs. Among the advantages are ease of measurement, high speed of response, and the ability to transmit information over long distances.
Creative liars: The relationship between creativity and integrity

Abstract Creativity is typically presented as a constructive activity. Some scholars have proposed the existence of malevolent creativity that has the potential to cause harm, either inadvertently or deliberately. But how do the values and beliefs of creative individuals influence malevolent behavior? In this study participants were given measures of creativity and self-reported integrity and then placed in a situation that required them to make a choice between delaying when they would receive their reward for participating in the experiment or immediately receiving their reward though the task was not complete. The results reinforce the significant negative link between observable integrity and creativity but also provide a significant negative connection between self-reported integrity and creativity. The implications of these findings challenge the prevailing wisdom of creativity being a benevolent construct.
THE IN VITRO EFFECT OF 5,5'-DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN ON THE CATABOLISM OF CORTISOL BY RAT LIVER.

Abstract The alteration of the catabolism of cortisol by rat liver slices produced by the incorporation of 5, 5′-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in an in vitro system has been evaluated. Using appropriate control incubations, DPH markedly augmented over control values the side-chain reduction of cortisol in male rat liver incubates, whereas significant enhancement of ring-A reduction was produced in female rat liver incubates. 6-hydroxylation was decreased by DPH in both. The major metabolite of DPH, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), proved equally effective in producing these alterations. No explanation for the observed results was forthcoming from this study but it is suggested that DPH may result in the enhanced production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in rat liver slice incubates in turn augmenting the usual catabolic pathways for cortisol.
Entry of DSIP peptides into dog CSF: Role of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters

Abstract Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) or one of four DSIP analogs (desTrp-DSIP, D-Ala 3 -DSIP, D-Ala 4 -DSIP, D-Ala 4 -DSIP-NH 2 ), was injected IV into dogs. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the posterior fossa and blood were collected simultaneously at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection and concentrations of DSIP-like material measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The increase in peptide concentration in the CSF correlated significantly with the increase in plasma concentration, with plasma half-life, and with peptide lipophilicity, but not with the degree of plasma protein binding or with molecular weight. An even better correlation occurred when the three factors that correlated independently were combined into a single parameter ( r = 0.813, p
On Modeling the Coexistence of WiFi and Wireless Sensor Networks

The explosion in the number of WiFi and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployments is exacerbating the coexistence problem, observed and reported in the literature as a significant performance degradation in co-located networks employing the two different wireless standards. The wireless coexistence problem has, thus far, been studied primarily using real hardware, due to the lack of analytical results and lack of good wireless coexistence models in network simulators. Thus, the progress on addressing the wireless coexistence issues has been slow. This paper presents the first analytical model and the first protocol coexistence simulator for coexisting WiFi and WSNs. We derive analytically, using Markov chains, the normalized saturated throughput of coexisting WiFi and WSNs, simulate the protocol coexistence using Monte Carlo methods, and validate our results through extensive experiments on real hardware (~4 million and ~60 million WSN and WiFi packets, respectively). These tools can be used for convenient and accurate performance estimation of medium-large scale deployments.
Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy

At this time, there are no widely accepted criteria for the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy. Furthermore, there is insufficient empirical data to define clinical and laboratory features that may reliably separate certain lower motor neuron syndromes with overlapping features as distinct. The AAEM therefore developed five criteria through a formal consensus process that are described in this document to act as a guide for diagnosing multifocal motor neuropathy with a high level of confidence (definite multifocal motor neuropathy) or with a moderate level of confidence (probable motor neuropathy). In brief, the diagnosis requires clinical weakness without objective sensory loss or upper motor neuron signs in the distribution of two or more named nerves that is due to conduction block in two or more motor nerves outside of common entrapment sites. Furthermore, normal results are required for sensory nerve conduction studies.
Ethical issues in using data from quality management programs

Since the advent of formal, data-driven quality improvement programs in health care in the late 1980s and early 1990s, there are have been questions raised about requirements for ethical committee review of quality improvement activities. A form of consensus emerged through a series of articles published between 1996 and 2007, but there is still significant variation among ethics review committees and individual project leaders in applying broad policies on requirements for committee review and/or written informed consent by participants. Recent developments in quality management, particularly the creation and use of multi-site disease registries, have raised new questions about requirements for review and consent, since the activities often have simultaneous research and quality improvement goals. This article discusses ways in which policies designed for local quality improvement projects and data bases may be adapted to apply to multi-site registries and research projects related to them.
Adhesion-promoting receptors on leukocytes.

Leukocytes express a family of cell-surface glycoproteins, CDllaKD18 (IRA-l), CDllb/ CD18 (CR3), and CDllKD18 (p150,95), that perform a broad range of adhesive functions. As detailed below, this family of receptors mediates the binding of cytolytic T cells to targets, the interaction of phagocytes with microbes opsonized with complement component C3bi, and the adherence of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium prior to diapedesis. Although the CDllXD18 family is restricted to leukocytes, recent work shows that these receptors belong to a large, broadly distributed fanily of adhesion-promoting receptors called integrins (Hynes, Cell 1987, 48:549-554). This review will focus on recent studies concerning the structure and function of the CDllKD18 family of receptors.
Assessing chronic illness representations: The implicit models of illness questionnaire

Data were collected from three samples using the Implicit Models of Illness Questionnaire (IMIQ) to assess illness representations as described in the self-regulation model of common sense illness representations. A factor structure was identified which displayed some similarities to the common sense model. This structure was used to examine illness representations of students and patients concerning three illnesses—rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Representations differed across illnesses and respondent status (patient vs. student). Students rate individuals as having more personal responsibility for RA or MS than did patients; moreover, the difference between patient/student ratings was greater with respect to MS than it was for RA. Patients were more aware of the variable nature of RA and MS symptoms than were students. This study demonstrates the value of the IMIQ as a tool for assessing illness cognitions and suggests that illness representations differ as a function of personal experience and personal relevance.
Glycogen-mediated activation of pig-brain glycogen synthetase I and D

Abstract Glycogen synthetase I and D were purified 250 and 150 fold respectively from pig brain. In crude fractions both enzymes were associated with glycogen and were fully active in the absence of added glycogen primer. Glycogen was removed during purification, and the purified enzymes were only partially active when assayed in the presence of primer. Preincubation of the purified enzymes with glycogen resulted in a 6-fold activation of synthetase I and a 3-fold activation of synthetase D; no primer was required in the assay mixture. Glucose-6-P increased the rate and extent of activation of both forms of synthetase at 23° and at 37°.
901-68 Prospective Screening of 5615 High School Athletes for Sudden Cardiac Death

Screening for common causes (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and anomalous coronary artery) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in high school athletes (HSA) during pre-participation exams is varied and relatively unstudied. Efforts to improve diagnoses of potentially serious or lethal congenital heart conditions are needed. We prospectively evaluated HSA at 34 different high schools over three years. Cardiovascular screening included obtaining a history of angina or anginal equivalents, or a family history of SCD before age 35 years. A 12-lead EKG and a cardiovascular physical exam were performed. Abnormalities resulted in a cardiac ultrasound (CU). Abnormal EKG for LVH was defined in boys as SVl and RV5 g 50 mm and in girls as SVl plus RV5 g 40 mm. Follow-up of cardiovascular abnormalities followed 16th Bethesda Conference Guidelines. Results 5.615 HSA (3378 boys, 2237 girls) were evaluated. 115 (2%) had abnormal cardiovascular history, 196 (3.5%) had abnormal cardiovascular exam, 193 (3.5%) had abnormal EKG and 126 (2%) had combined abnormalities. All 630 (11%) with abnormal cardiovascular screening underwent CU at the time of their exam. 43 HSA (7% of CU performed) were found to have minor abnormalities. No serious previously undetected abnormality was noted with CU. No LVH was seen in 28 HSA with LVH by ECG. 5140 (91.5%) HSA were approved for competitive sports; 435 (7.8%) HSA were approved for competitive sports after follow-up by local M.D. (recommended primarily for evaluation of mild hypertension); 40 (0.7%) HSA were not approved due to anginal symptoms (n = 16) requiring subsequent treadmill testing (all of which were normal); systolic BP g 170 or diastolic BP g 110 (n = 5), carotid bruit (n = 2), severe Al by exam (n = 1), WPW (n = 6). PVC's (n = 5), RBBB (n = 4), SVT (n = 1). EKG alone led to disqualification in 16 or 1/350 HSA undergoing screening. No cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or anomalous coronary artery were detected prospectively. One SCD occurred in an approved HSA due to anomalous coronary artery. Conclusions Common causes of SCD in HSA are rare and/or methods to detect them are insensitive; serious CU abnormalities in this population are rare; EKG added to the cardiovascular history and physical exam increases the ability to detect potentially serious abnormalities necessitating further cardiovascular testing before approval for competitive sports.
Identification of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat

The objective of the present study was to identify the retinal ganglion cells projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The retinohypothalamic tract has been divided into a medial and a lateral component on anatomical and developmental grounds. The medial component projects to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and adjacent structures such as the anterior hypothalamic and retrochiasmatic areas. The lateral component terminates in the lateral hypothalamic are dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus. Injections of the retrograde tracer FluoroGold were made into the retinorecipient region of the lateral hypothalamic area and retinal whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for retrogradely labeled retinal ganglion cells. With FluoroGold injections confined to the lateral hypothalamic area, retrogradely labeled retinal ganglion cells are located almost exclusively in the superior temporal quadrant of the retina. Their size and morphology indicates that they are a homogeneous subset of type III cells, but a definitive classification would require a more complete fill of dendritic arbors than is available in our retrograde material. In contrast, injections involving fibers of passage in the optic tract, or centered in the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system, label cells distributed across the entire retinal surface. Unlike the retinal ganglion cells projecting to the suprachiasmatic nucleus [Moore et al., J. Comp. Neurol., 352 (1995) 351-366], the cells labeled after restricted lateral hypothalamic injections are not distributed evenly across the retinal surface. The difference in location of the retinal ganglion cells projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area supports the view that this retinohypothalamic projection is anatomically and functionally distinct from the projection to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and adjacent medial hypothalamus.
The influence of complementarity, compatibility, and relationship capital on alliance performance

Value creation through alliances requires the simultaneous pursuit of partners with similar characteristics on certain dimensions and different characteristics on other dimensions. Partnering firms need to have different resource and capability profiles yet share similarities in their social institutions. In this article, the authors empirically examine the impact of partner characteristics on the performance of alliances. In particular, they test hypotheses related to both direct impact of partner characteristics on alliance performance and indirect effects through relational capital aspects of the alliance. Empirical results based on a sample of alliances in the global construction contracting industry suggest that complementarity in partner resources and compatibility in cultural and operational norms have different direct and indirect effects on alliance performance. Accordingly, organizational routines aimed at partner selection need to be complemented by relationship management routines to maximize the potential benefits from an alliance.
Incorporation of [3H]palmitate and [14C]choline into disaturated phosphatidylcholines in rat alveolar macrophages

Abstract We studied the synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholines in rat alveolar macrophages and in some cases, compared it with that which occurs in isolated alveolar type II cells. Alveolar macrophages suspended in phosphate-buffered medium incorporate palmitate, choline and glycerol into disaturated phosphatidylcholines, The time-course for incorporation of palmitate into disatarated phosphatidylcholines is linear for 20–30 min and reaches a maximum in 2–3 h. Incorporation is dependent on extracellular palmitate with a Vmax (at 1 mM) of 1.53 nmol palmitate incorporated into disatarated phosphatidylcholines per 5 X 105 per 2 h and a K 1 2 of 0.19 mM palmitate. Exposure of the cells to zymosan particles increases incorporation of palmitate disatarated phosphatidylcholines by almost 2-fold, while cholinergic and β-adrenergic agonists have no effect. On a per cell basis, alveolar macrophages incorporate only one-third to one-half as much palmitate into disatarated phosphatidylcholines as do type II cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation. The following results suggest there is extensive remodeling of disaturated phosphatidylcholines in alveolar macrophages: (1) palmitaie- and choline-labeled disaturated phosphatidylcholines are catabolized by the cells; (2) the products of catabolism are palmitate aad water-soluble choline products; (3) addition of unlabeled palmitate and choline to the medium enhances eatabolism of the labeled phospholipid. Addition of oleate also enhances catabolism, suggesting that modification of phospholipids is not specific for the saturated variety. Some of the recently labeled disaturated phosphatidylcholines Is released from alveolar macrophages into the extracellular space. Several possible functions of alveolar macrophage disaturated phosphatidylcholines are discussed.
Paludal Stratigraphy of Truk, Ponape, and Kusaie, Eastern Caroline Islands

Swampy coastal plains up to one-half a kilometer in width that fringe the high islands of the Eastern Carolines have been cited as evidence for recent emergence, but the stratigraphy and morphology of the tidal swamps are more consistent with a history of shoreline progradation during decelerating submergence. The mangrove, Nipa Phragmites, and taro swamps have accumulated no more than 3 m of peat, and generally only about 2 m. Beneath the peat or muck is either: (a) a level coral bench at approximate low-tide level, (b) coarse, well-sorted, shelly beach sand, sometimes in the form of low beach ridges across the shallowest marshes, or (c) brown, organic-rich mud with concentrations of immature pelecypod shells, deposited in former protected bays or estuaries. Estuarine mud was cored to a depth of 11.6 m in many swamps without finding bottom. Radiocarbon dates from intertidal peat layers that overlie former hillslopes of weathered volcanic rock demonstrate submergence of 6.2 m in the last 6500 years. The rate of submergence decreased abruptly during the final 1.7 m of submergence, which permitted extensive progradation by tidal swamps over former reef flats or into former muddy estuaries. By this interpretation, submergence has averaged only about 0.4 cm per 1000 years since 4100 years B.P., in contrast to the rate of 1.9 m per 1000 years between 4100 and 6500 years B.P. The high basaltic islands of Truk, Ponape, and Kusaie are conveniently spaced among the atolls of the Eastern Caroline Islands, across a total distance of nearly 1300 km. The uniformity of their paludal stratigraphy indicates a common late-Pleistocene and recent history for the entire region of a million sq mi or more, independent of the contradictory evidence about postglacial sea levels that has been reported from various atolls.
A derivation of the money rawlsian solution

We study the set of envy-free allocations for economies with indivisible objects and quasi-linear utility functions. We characterize the minimal amount of money necessary for its nonemptiness when negative distributions of money are not allowed. We also find that, when this is precisely the available amount of money, there is a unique way to combine objects and money such that these bundles may form an envy-free allocation. Based on this property, we describe a solution to the envy-free selection problem following a pseudo-egalitarian criterion. This solution coincides with the “Money Rawlsian Solution” proposed by Alkan et al. (1991).
Be All That You Can Be: Enhancing Human Performance1

Key findings and conclusions from a landmark study conducted by a National Research Council Committee are discussed. The 12-year study was divided into 4 phases that covered topics of individual, small group, and organizational performance. Concentrating primarily on techniques with strong claims for enhancing performance, the committee found little support for some (e.g., sleep learning, meditation, parapsychological techniques, hypnosis, total quality management) and stronger support for others (e.g., mental practice, expert modeling, cooperative learning, team training, practice to optimize transfer of cognitive and social skills). Insights were also obtained about the roles of expectancy effects, belief perseverance, emotions, thought suppression, and organizational cultures. The article highlights the continuing contributions made by committee members in such areas as transfer, expert modeling, self-efficacy, mental practice, organizational design and enhanced performance, and conflict resolution.