cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The colonization of organges by the cosmopolitan Drosophila

The guild of “cosmopolitan” Drosophila coexist almost worldwide and yet the mechanisms that underlie this coexistence are unknown. The larval resource of the guild is decaying fruit and vegetables, but the species show little specialization and can coexist on a single resource, such as oranges. In southern California the guild includes D. simulans (SIM), D. melanogaster (MEL), D. pseudoobscura (OBS), D. immigrans (IMM), D. hydei (HYD) and D. busckii (BUS). These species show consistent differences in their colonization of decaying organges, differences that may promote their coexistence. This study tested whether the colonization pattern of a species is determined primarily by attraction to specific resource types (decayed or fresh organges), by ability to colonize new resource patches, or by dependence on a successional sequence of Drosophila species. The experiments compared oranges that were pre-aged prior to a colonization period and showed that the colonization pattern of each species (except OBS) was driven primarily by its decay-dependent attraction to oranges. While OBS exhibited a pattern of colonization independent of pre-aging, the remaining species all showed some preference for older (7-day pre-aged) over fresh oranges. Their overall pattern of attraction, ordered by high relative abundance on fresher organges, was SIM>MEL=IMM>HYD=BUS. BUS, a specialist on decaying plant material, was the only species that showed a preference for 11-day over 7-day oranges. Pre-aging the oranges under covers, to prevent prior colonization by Drosophila, did not change the interspecific pattern of colonization, indicating that microbial decay was driving the changes in attraction. The patterns of attraction separated two ecologically similar pairs (SIM from MEL; IMM from HYD) and published data on ethanol tolerance show that, in each pair, the earliest colonizer has the lower tolerance. This suggests an important interplay between colonization patterns and physiological optima.
DNA-oligonucleotide encapsulating liposomes as a secondary signal amplification means.

A novel liposome-based signal amplification system was developed by encapsulating DNA oligonucleotides within antibody-tagged liposomes and subsequently detecting the oligonucleotide with dye-encapsulating liposomes for double signal enhancement. In this sandwich immunoassay, the model analyte, protective antigen protein from B. anthracis, was captured by one set of antibodies immobilized in microtiter plate wells and detected using a second antibody conjugated to oligonucleotide-encapsulating liposomes. Bound liposomes were lysed releasing the encapsulated fluorescein-tagged DNA 25-mer probe, which was then permitted to hybridize with its complementary sequence immobilized in a second plate. Finally, the amount of oligonucleotide was detected through the addition of anti-fluorescein antibody tagged dye-encapsulating liposomes. These secondary liposomes allowed for a ∼400× lower LOD than detection of the fluorescein-labeled probe alone. Several aspects were investigated, including the encapsulation of var...
Selective Potentiation of Angiotensin-Induced Constriction of Skeletal Muscle Resistance Arteries by Chronic Elevations in Dietary Salt Intake

Abstract Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a high-salt (HS, 4.0% NaCl) or a low-salt (LS, 0.4% NaCl) diet for 3 days (short-term) or 4–8 weeks (chronic). Vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and norepinephrine were determined in isolated skeletal muscle resistance arteries and in distal arterioles of the in situ cremaster muscle. Myogenic responses to increases in transmural pressure were also assessed in skeletal muscle resistance arteries of animals on high- or low-salt diets. Chronic (but not short-term) HS diet selectively potentiated angiotensin II-induced constriction of skeletal muscle resistance arteries relative to vessels from LS controls. Myogenic responses and norepinephrine-induced constriction of resistance arteries were unaffected by either chronic or short-term HS diet. Constriction of cremasteric arterioles in response to angiotensin II and norepinephrine was unaffected by chronic or short-term elevations in dietary salt intake. These data suggest that chronic elevations in dietary salt intake lead to a selective increase in the constriction of skeletal muscle resistance arteries to angiotensin II that may allow these vessels to continue to regulate their tone in response to this peptide, despite the suppression of angiotensin II that occurs with high-salt diet.
Boundary Objects as a Framework to Understand the Role of Systems Integrators

The US Department of Defense is facing challenges to develop the capabilities necessary to effectively operate in new operational environments. As a result, these services are seeking to partner with industry members and leverage both government and industry knowledge to develop System of Systems (SoS) that can provide the desired capabilities by integrating legacy systems with new technologies. These large-scale engineering projects require system integrators that can manage not only the technical interfaces but also the organizational ones. This paper proposes a boundary object framework that can assist in understanding the role of these systems integrators by observing changes in organizational interfaces. This framework does so by monitoring the objects and artifacts used at the interfaces.
Analyzing scalability of parallel algorithms and architectures

Abstract The scalability of a parallel algorithm on a parallel architecture is a measure of its capacity to effectively utilize an increasing number of processors. Scalability analysis may be used to select the best algorithm-architecture combination for a problem under different constraints on the growth of the problem size and the number of processors. It may be used to predict the performance of a parallel algorithm and a parallel architecture for a large number of processors from the known performance on fewer processors. For a fixed problem size, it may be used to determine the optimal number of processors to be used and the maximum possible speedup that can be obtained. The objectives of this paper are to critically assess the state of the art in the theory of scalability analysis, and to motivate further research on the development of new and more comprehensive analytical tools to study the scalability of parallel algorithms and architectures. We survey a number of techniques and formalisms that have been developed for studying scalability issues, and discuss their interrelationships. For example, we derive an important relationship between time-constrained scaling and the isoefficiency function. We point out some of the weaknesses of the existing schemes for measuring scalability, and discuss possible ways of extending them.
Role of spectraplakin in Drosophila photoreceptor morphogenesis.

Background: Crumbs (Crb), a cell polarity gene, has been shown to provide a positional cue for the apical membrane domain and adherens junction during Drosophila photoreceptor morphogenesis. It has recently been found that stable microtubules in developing Drosophila photoreceptors were linked to Crb localization. Coordinated interactions between microtubule and actin cytoskeletons are involved in many polarized cellular processes. Since Spectraplakin is able to bind both microtubule and actin cytoskeletons, the role of Spectraplakin was analyzed in the regulations of apical Crb domain in developing Drosophila photoreceptors. Methodology/Principal Findings: The localization pattern of Spectraplakin in developing pupal photoreceptors showed a unique intracellular distribution. Spectraplakin localized at rhabdomere terminal web which is at the basal side of the apical Crb or rhabdomere, and in between the adherens junctions. The spectraplakin mutant photoreceptors showed dramatic mislocalizations of Crb, adherens junctions, and the stable microtubules. This role of Spectraplakin in Crb and adherens junction regulation was further supported by spectraplakin’s gain-of-function phenotype. Spectraplakin overexpression in photoreceptors caused a cell polarity defect including dramatic mislocalization of Crb, adherens junctions and the stable microtubules in the developing photoreceptors. Furthermore, a strong genetic interaction between spectraplakin and crb was found using a genetic modifier test. Conclusions/Significance: In summary, we found a unique localization of Spectraplakin in photoreceptors, and identified the role of spectraplakin in the regulation of the apical Crb domain and adherens junctions through genetic mutational analysis. Our data suggest that Spectraplakin, an actin-microtubule cross-linker, is essential in the apical and adherens junction controls during the photoreceptors morphogenesis.
Trust and accountability in Ireland: the case of An Garda Síochána

Fieldwork and interviews gathered over more than two years with members of the Garda, the Garda Inspectorate, and scholars of policing in Ireland, are used to assess the nature of accountability of the An Garda Siochana. Beginning with an overview of police accountability, the paper advances a perspective integrating the historical, emotional and symbolic aspects of police legitimacy and the extant mandate. While the Garda are well respected by the public, they demonstrate the power of politics, sentiments, emotions and memory in shaping this level of police trust and accountability. This is suggested by an analysis of the origins of the An Garda Siochana, their current status, their on-going dilemmas and their current resilience. It is argued that the Garda are sacred and viewed as legitimate as a result of their connections to the origin of the state. This fact insulates them from swings in public opinion even in the face of scandal. Their obligations to central government and a tight connection to nati...
Antibiotic Treatment Trials for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease Events

The TWAR organism was described as a cause of respiratory infection in 1986.1 In 1989, it was declared a new species of Chlamydia and named Chlamydia pneumoniae .2 In 1988, Saikku et al3 reported a small seroepidemiological study suggesting a possible association between TWAR infection and atherosclerosis. Information on the association of C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis has accumulated rapidly since that time. More than 20 seroepidemiological studies have confirmed an association, and several have failed to find it.4 The seroepidemiological studies have been most useful in calling attention to the possibility of an association rather than suggesting possible mechanisms. That an association between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis exists has been shown definitively in a series of studies demonstrating C pneumoniae organisms in atherosclerotic tissues. The organism has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques by electron microscopy, by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and by isolation of the organism.5 6 7 More than 20 reports have appeared that demonstrate the presence of the organism in atherosclerotic plaques by 1 or more of these techniques. Except for a few studies using PCR only, the organism has been found in from 50% to 100% of the lesions studied. In most of the studies, the organism could not be found in normal-artery tissue. Although the association …
Modeling MIMO-OFDM ad-hoc communication systems with computational electromagnetics

The paper proposes an efficient way to simulate MIMO-OFDM systems with computational electromagnetics. The key idea is to extrapolate channel responses at various frequencies based on the simulated electric field values at a certain frequency. Then it is shown how to fit the simulated and extrapolated channel responses into a statistical channel model. The system capacity under a MIMO-OFDM ad-hoc system scenario is analyzed and it can be seen that both spatial and frequency diversity have been achieved.
Model-based human posture estimation for gesture analysis in an opportunistic fusion smart camera network

In multi-camera networks rich visual data is provided both spatially and temporally. In this paper a method of human posture estimation is described incorporating the concept of an opportunistic fusion framework aiming to employ manifold sources of visual information across space, time, and feature levels. One motivation for the proposed method is to reduce raw visual data in a single camera to elliptical parameterized segments for efficient communication between cameras. A 3D human body model is employed as the convergence point of spatiotemporal and feature fusion. It maintains both geometric parameters of the human posture and the adoptively learned appearance attributes, all of which are updated from the three dimensions of space, time and features of the opportunistic fusion. In sufficient confidence levels parameters of the 3D human body model are again used as feedback to aid subsequent in-node vision analysis. Color distribution registered in the model is used to initialize segmentation. Perceptually Organized Expectation Maximization (POEM) is then applied to refine color segments with observations from a single camera. Geometric configuration of the 3D skeleton is estimated by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
Clinical utility of autopsy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Autopsy is the gold standard for establishing the cause of death. We present results of the largest retrospective review of complete autopsies of subjects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to better define the role of the autopsy in discovering a missed diagnosis. We reviewed the medical chart and autopsy records of 111 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from July 1986 to June 2003 from a single center. We compared the cause of death as charted by the clinical team with data obtained from postmortem chart review and autopsy reports. Of 29 (26%) cases when the premortem and postmortem major diagnoses did not agree, only 4 (4%) autopsy records provided data that might have led to the initiation of new treatments, and none of these diagnoses would be missed today with more sensitive and specific diagnostics and improved supportive care. Although autopsies after transplantation can be important educational, research, and epidemiologic tools and provide an emotional benefit to patient's families, in our series they rarely provided missed diagnoses that would alter the management of subsequent patients. Improvements in noninvasive tests for relapse or occult infections may further erode the role of autopsies in discovering missed diagnoses.
High-gain mechanically amplified capacitive strain sensor

A novel concept of mechanical amplification using buckled beam suspensions and packaging has been demonstrated in capacitive strain sensor design for improved sensitivity. However, the mechanical gain structure introduces a nonlinear characteristic, which degrades the device's linearity. A 6% nonlinearity was observed at 1000 micro-strain. Therefore, further research efforts are required for improvements. This paper presents an in-depth study of the buckled beams characteristics on nonlinearity analytically and by FEA. The accuracy of the modeling is verified by the measurements. The analysis results show the tradeoff between mechanical gain and linearity, and can be improved by device geometrical optimization. Furthermore, the accuracy of the modeling results in predictable device characteristics, allowing the development of a 2nd order nonlinear electronic compensation method to achieve an overall system performance. Simulation results show that, by applying this technique, the overall system nonlinearity can be greatly reduced from 6% FS to 0.2% FS
Regional integration and trade liberalization in Latin America

Possible alternative trade policies that might be applied during the 1970s by Latin American countries are evaluated. Regional integration would benefit Latin American countries more than a policy of overall trade liberalization. At the same time, the liberalization of trade would enhance these benefits by lessening the possiblities for maintaining and establishing high cost industries. The full exploitation of the benefits of regional integration, however, requires the coordination of trade policies, including exchange rate policy among the member countries. This coordination is now discouraged due to the danger of trade deflection and significant changes in trade flows, policy mix, and other possible adverse effects for LDCs. The potential benefits of policy coordination seem to be worth the price of foregoing the freedom of follow independent policies. 23 references.
Science, law, and the search for truth in the courtroom: lessons from Daubert v. Merrell Dow.

On June 28, 1993, the United States Supreme Court ruled on the admissibility of expert scientific opinion and evidence in federal court cases. The importance of the case can be measured by the interest it stimulated. The scientific community turned out in particular force to register its views. At the heart of the controversy was a debate over the nature of scientific knowledge and its relation to law. More than any other Supreme Court case in recent memory, the amici seemed to view the Daubert case both as posing a potential challenge to basic scientific premises and as an opportunity to reclaim a lost prerogative to determine how science is applied in courts.
People in power system control in the next century

The control of the electrical power system in England and Wales has evolved considerably over the last 30 years. The use of large mimic boards and telephoned instructions to power stations and substations has been superseded by full graphical displays, remote control of substations from a reduced number of control centres and instruction of generation via electronic datalinks. Need has arisen to drive power systems harder, together with technological change this will result in the people controlling them facing much change in their jobs over the years. The paper investigates these changes in a control environment where intelligent expert systems will become more prevalent. Under fault conditions operators can be put under severe stress which creates a requirement for advanced decision making support tools to improve their handling of these situations. Eventually we will have to decide what is better done by machines and what is better done by people.
Molecular Genetics of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited disorder characterized by the failure of phagocytic cells to produce superoxide upon the ingestion of microorganisms due to a lesion in a membrane-associated NADPH-oxidase. The components of the oxidase have been incompletely characterized by standard biochemical approaches. A genetic strategy has recently led to the identification of the gene affected in the common X-linked form of CGD without reference to its protein product. The X-CGD gene, assigned to chromosome position Xp21.1, encodes a phagocyte-specific RNA transcript that is mutated in patients with X-CGD. Antisera directed toward the predicted protein product of the X-CGD gene recognize a 90 kD membrane glycoprotein, which corresponds to the larger subunit of the phagocyte b-cytochrome heterodimer. The recent genetic and biochemical findings provide an explanation for the consistent absence of the b-cytochrome spectrum in X-CGD, and establish this cytochrome as an essential component of the phagocyte oxidase. The primary amino acid sequence of both the 90 kD b-cytochrome subunit and the 22 kD subunit (cloned as the cDNA using a specific antisera) have no significant similarity to other proteins, including previously studied cytochromes. As both subunits of the b-cytochrome heterodimer are absent in X-CGD, despite a genetic deficiency of only the larger polypeptide, a close interaction between the two subunits may be important for b-cytochrome stability and function. Expression of the b-cytochrome large subunit mRNA is increased by interferon-gamma, an important macrophage activator. Partial or complete restoration of oxidase activity in some X-CGD patients treated with interferon-gamma suggests new therapeutic approaches in the management of this disorder. Molecular reagents prepared from the cloned X-CGD cDNA or gene may prove to be clinically useful in prenatal diagnosis and may provide a basis for somatic gene therapy in future.
Disclosure-Limited Data Dissemination

Abstract Statistical agencies use a variety of disclosure control policies with ad hoc justification in disseminating data. The issues involved are clarified here by showing that several of these policies are special cases of a general disclosure-limiting (DL) approach based on predictive distributions and uncertainty functions. A user's information posture regarding a target is represented by one predictive distribution before data release and another predictive distribution after data release. A user's lack of knowledge about the target at any time is measured by an uncertainty function applied either to the current predictive distribution or to the current predictive distribution and the previously held predictive distribution. Common disclosure control policies, such as requiring released cell relative frequencies to be bounded away from both zero and one, are shown to be equivalent to disclosure rules that allow data release only if specific uncertainty functions at particular predictive distribution...
Role of Notch signaling in cell-fate determination of human mammary stem/progenitor cells

(2005). Role of Notch signaling in cell-fate determination of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. The Women's Oncology Review: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 9-11.
From The Sensory Order to the Liberal Order: Hayek's Non-rationalist Liberalism ⁄

Hayek's arguments for a constitutionally constrainted government are consistent with, and to some extent rest upon, his work in theoretical psychology. By exploring his view of the mind in The Sensory Order, we can see the psychological and epistemological underpinnings of Hayek's belief in the mind's limits and the indispensibility of spontaneously emergent social institutions. The Austrian view of microeconomic coordination is a logical outgrowth of Hayek's theory of mind. Constraints on government are necessary not because self-interest leads rational government actors into temptation, but because even altruistically-motivated actors are epistemically unable to intervene effectively in spontaneously emergent institutions.
English Language Learners and Learning Disabilities: Research Agenda and Implications for Practice

Although little is known about learning disabilities (LDs) in English language learners (ELLs), there is a substantial knowledge base about the identification, assessment, and intervention of and for LDs in monolingual native English-speaking students. Building on this knowledge, participants at an October 2003 National Symposium on Learning Disabilities in English Language Learners were asked to suggest research questions, priorities, and suggestions on how to build the necessary infrastructure to address critical research needs. In the discussions that took place, important themes emerged: (1) identification and assessment of LD and/or reading disabilities (RD) in ELLs (ELL/Ds), (2) understanding of the language and literacy developmental trajectories of ELLs, (3) understanding of the individual and contextual factors affecting outcomes, (4) the intersection of all of these areas with neurobiology, and (5) developing and testing the effectiveness of interventions for learning disabilities in ELL/Ds. These themes, and the research agenda that was forged around them, are presented. In addition, the practice implications of this agenda are presented, along with some suggestions for current practice while we await future research findings.
A Multivariate Analysis of Clinicopathologic Factors for Predicting Outcome in Uterine Sarcomas

Abstract This study involved a comprehensive review of the histologic slides of 62 patients who were diagnosed with uterine sarcoma from 1978 through 1988 at a single institution. In addition, DNA content (ploidy level) could be determined from the H & E slides of these tumors using image analysis. Also, 42 of these cases had retrievable cell blocks on which DNA analysis was performed by means of flow cytometry. A linear regression analysis found a high degree of correlation ( r = 0.8) between the measurement of the DNA index of these tumors by these two techniques. All cases were retrospectively restaged using the newly adopted FIGO surgical staging criteria which found the following distribution: 22 (35.5%) Stage I, 10 (16.1%) Stage II, 12 (19.4%) Stage III, and 18 (29%) Stage IV. A multivariate analysis of 60 evaluable patients using the Cox proportional hazard model found that surgical staging was the most significant prognostic factor with respect to the endpoint of overall survival ( P = 0.00004). Both patient age at diagnosis and mitotic index were independent from surgical staging in predicting outcome. Furthermore, there was a trend suggesting that DNA index also had prognostic value. Of particular interest was that patients with diploid tumors (DNA index, 0.9-1.1) had a 5-year overall survival of 72% and did out approach median survival; however, hyperdiploid tumors (DNA index >1.1) and hypodiploid tumors (DNA index
Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip Transmission Lines-II: Evaluation of Coupled-Line Parameters

This part of the paper presents the parameters of coupled microstrip lines which are required in the equations and results derived in Part I for determining the characteristics of coupled lines. Several geometries are considered and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients, the effective dielectric constant, and the characteristic impedance for various dimensions of these geometries are presented.
Moving Toward a Federal Law of Corporate Governance in Bankruptcy

State law control over the corporate governance of publicly held corporations is dying a slow death in bankruptcy at the hands of an overzealous Congress. Recent amendments to the Bankruptcy Code (the Code) push the state fiduciary law that governs the behavior of corporate directors and officers closer to irrelevance by making federal securities laws the strongly preferred means to find and hold accountable rogue managers of bankrupt corporations. This change in the corporate law began outside of bankruptcy. In the wake of the corporate scandals that erupted in the early 2000's, Congress adopted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley), which includes the most extensive and detailed corporate governance provisions enacted by Congress to date. In doing so, Congress acted on the belief that state law had failed to deter, prevent, and provide accountability for such business disasters and sought to provide federal legislation to insure that the Enron catastrophe, and those like it, would never occur again. By amending the Code with the same policy goals in mind, Congress not only adopted legislation that governs, more carefully than ever, the internal affairs of a corporation, but has paved the way for those regulations to remain forceful and relevant even after a bankruptcy case has been filed. The latest additions did not similarly provide for the effective application of state law corporate governance mechanisms.
Lawrence, Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution: What Is Protected and Why?

This article discusses the implications of Lawrence v. Texas for same-sex marriage in light of the Court's right to marry jurisprudence. That jurisprudence involves two strands which establish why the right to marry is fundamental - one focuses on the importance of marriage for the adult parties and the other focuses on the importance of marriage for children that the couple may be raising. Both strands support that the right to marry a same-sex partner is protected, especially after the Lawrence decision, although it does not seem likely that the Court will recognize this anytime soon.
Preliminary Experimental Results Using a Three-Stage Superfluid Stirling Refrigerator

This paper describes the first operation three-stage superfluid Stirling refrigerator (SSR) and reports on its preliminary experimental performance. Previous SSR’s were single or two-stage machines. The three-stage SSR has a total internal volume of 239 cm3 and uses two 12.1 cm3 and one 3.0 cm3 Kapton heat exchangers. Operating from a high temperature of 1.07 K, and with a 3.0% 3He-4He mixture, this SSR achieves a low temperature of 338 mK. The single successful operation of this machine did not surpass the best low temperature results of previous two-stage SSR’s. This lower performance is attributed to a low level helium leak into the vacuum insulation space.
Statistical Analysis Of Density Tests

The principles of statistical analysis are explained and used to make a comparison of the relative effectiveness of different testing and compaction methods for various types of subgrade and base course materials for roadway work. The nuclear and conventional density testing methods are compared; the compaction obtained by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired construction traffic, and hand operated vibratory-impact equipment is analyzed and compared statistically for volcanic tuff subgrades and variable soil type subgrades. In the light of the normal distribution theory, the minimum density requirement found in most specifications is seen to be unrealistic. Statistical analysis of earthwork can also be used as a tool in keeping construction control charts to achieve better product or quality control.
The Respiratory Quotient of Exercising Muscle.

Summary And ConclusionsThe gaseous exchange during exercise was studied in 10 dugs starved for 5 to 15 days. The average of 16 respiratory quotients of the muscles of the lower extremities obtained by analysis of the blood was .81 ± .05. Eight respiratory quotients obtained from the air during rest yielded an average of .82 ± .04. Sixteen air samples collected from exercising dogs gave an average of .82 ± .07.The respiratory quotient of the exercising muscle in situ is not unity. This indicates that not only carbohydrate foodstuffs but also non-carbohydrate are used in muscular exercise.
Endo vs Exo Bowl: Complexation of Xanthone by Pyrogallol[4]arenes

Cocrystal systems containing pyrogallol[4]arene, xanthone, and solvent molecules are examined and discussed. Three types of pyrogallol[4]arenes are cocrystallized with xanthone in isopropanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and a mixture of isopropanol and methanol. It is found that the solvent controls complexation of the xanthone molecule, whereas pyrogallol[4]arene tail length affects cocrystal packing. With a single-solvent system, the xanthone molecule is outside (exo) of the bowl of the pyrogallol[4]arene, but with a two-solvent system, the xanthone molecule is inside (endo) of the bowl of the pyrogallol[4]arene.
Nuclear Structure of Sr 88 and Sr 89

A theoretical study of the positive-parity states in ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{89}$ has been performed using phenomenological two-body matrix elements. In ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$, two uncoupled spaces were considered. In the first, the ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, and ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$, proton orbitals were used to describe the possible excitations. In the second, neutron-neutron-hole states were calculated. Positive-parity levels in ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{89}$ were calculated using configurations formed by the coupling of one neutron to the proton states discussed above. The configurational makeup of the ground state, the $E2$ transition rate of the 1.85-MeV level, and other structure properties are discussed for ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$. Spectra, stripping and nonstripping levels, and ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) and ($p, {\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}$) analog-state reactions are considered in the ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{89}$ model.
Celebrating Diversity: Feminist Sexuality Education in the Undergraduate Classroom

Summary Questioning the validity of the middle-class, white, male, heterosexual standard of sexual normality, feminist sexuality education celebrates diversity by considering how socioeconomic class, ethnicity, race, religion, region, gender, sexual orientation, age, and physical health or disability function independently and in interaction to shape sexual attitudes and experience. Students are treated as active participants in the learning process, not passive vessels to be filled up with facts. Instruction focuses on affective and cognitive learning simultaneously. This article considers a variety of techniques for empowering students to share thoughts and feelings both in the classroom and through individual and collective homework assignments. By treating those we teach as colleagues, not subordinates, and by attending to individual growth and group process, teachers become students too, taking emotional risks in the classroom, opening ourselves to new information, and being willing to listen to stud...
4589 How much experience is required to correctly interpret eus features of chronic pancreatitis? a multicenter prospective trial of third tier eus trainees compared to a consensus of experts.

Background: The amount of experience required to train new endosongraphers is unknown. Interpretative and procedural skills are likely acquired at different rates. Methods: Forty five standardized examinations (Olympus UM-20 or UM-130 at 7.5 mHz) of the pancreas were videotaped including patients with and without suspected pancreatic disease. Eleven experienced (“experts”) endosongraphers who had performed more than 1000 EUS examinations each, independently rated all examinations for nine separate features of chronic pancreatitis (hyperechoic foci, strands, lobularity, cysts, stones, duct dilation, duct irregularity, hyperechoic duct margins, and visible side branches), as well as a global diagnosis of CP. Consensus diagnoses for each feature and global assessment was considered when >90% of the experts agreed on the presence or absence of a feature. Ten EUS trainees independently rated the same videotape and were compared to the consensus cases. An answer was considered correct when the trainee agreed with the consensus diagnosis. Results: Ten trainees from three separate third-tier EUS training programs had performed a median of 150 (range 50-1200) lifetime EUS examinations, and 40 (range 0-100) lifetime chronic pancreatitis EUS examinations. Out of 450 features (45 examinations x 10 features), there was consensus by the expert panel on 206. The trainees correctly scored a median of 190 (range 181-200) out of 206. The score was strongly and positively correlated with the number of chronic pancreatic EUS examinations (R = 0.62, p= 0.05), and weakly correlated with total pancreatic examinations (R= 0.42, p = 0.22), and total EUS examinations (R = 0.47, p = 0.17). After performing at least 15 examinations, all trainees correctly diagnosed more than 90% of features. Scores greater than 95% were reached after performing 40 examinations. Conclusions: Skill in interpreting EUS features of chronic pancreatitis is strongly correlated with experience. Interpretive competence, as measured by agreement with an expert panel, is reached after performing only 15-40 chronic pancreatitis examinations in a supervised, third tier training program. In evaluating chronic pancreatitis with EUS, procedural skills as opposed to interpretive skills, are more likely to be the limiting factor in EUS training. Dr.Wallace was supported by the American Digestive Health Foundation, Wilson Cook Award
On the interaction of aliphatic amines and ammonium ions with carboxylic acids in solution and in receptor pockets.

Association energies of the acetate ion with cationic amines bearing one to three methyl groups were calculated in the range of −14 to −17 kcal/mol in aqueous solution by means of the IEF-PCM metho...
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and Graphics

The chapter introduces object-oriented programming concepts and terminology using plot objects, and then expands to how to write user-defined class definitions. Inheritance is explained; for example, that all plot objects are derived from a superclass handle . Graphics plot object properties and methods are introduced. Some graphics properties such as line width and color are introduced. Writing user-defined class definitions is introduced, including constructor functions. Overloading functions and operators is explained. Examples of inheritance using user-defined functions are introduced. The two types of classes in MATLAB, value and handle, are explained, as are the differences between them. Attributes of properties and methods are introduced.
Laparoscopic Hemi-hysterectomy and Trachelectomy in a Case of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome.

Background Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWS) is a rare Mullerian anomaly characterized by uterus didelphys coexisting with an obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Case A 13-year-old female presented one-year after menarche with severe dysmenorrhea and a right-sided pelvic mass. Imaging identified a right uterus with hematometra, hematocolpos, absent right kidney, normal left kidney, ureter, left uterus, and vagina compressed to the left by right hematocolpos. We performed laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy of the non-communicating hemi-uterus, and laparoscopic trachelectomy. Conclusion Laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy and trachelecotmy is a minimally invasive surgical option for patients with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome.
Mechanical characterization of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at multiple length scales using spherical indentation stress-strain measurements

Abstract Recent advances in spherical indentation stress-strain protocols and analyses have demonstrated the capability for measuring reliably the local mechanical responses in polycrystalline metal samples at different length scales, ranging from sub-micron (regions within individual grains) to several hundreds of microns (regions covering several grains). These recent advances have now made it possible to study systematically the mechanical behavior of a single material system at different length scales, with tremendous potential to obtain new insights into the role of individual phases, interfaces, and other microscale constituents on the macroscale mechanical response of the material. In this paper, we report spherical indentation stress-strain measurements with different indenter sizes (microns to millimeters) on Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) which capture the mechanical response of single phase alpha-Ti-64, single colony (alpha-beta), few colonies, and many colonies of Ti-64. The results show that the average mechanical response (indentation modulus and yield strength) from multiple indentations remains relatively unchanged from single phase alpha to many colonies of Ti-64, while the variance in the response decreases with indenter size. The work-hardening response in indentation tests follows a similar behavior up to indentation zones of many colonies, which shows significantly higher work hardening rates.
Does selection for gamete dispersal and capture lead to a sex difference in clump water-holding capacity?

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Differences in male and female reproductive function can lead to selection for sex-specific gamete dispersal and capture traits. These traits have been explored from shoot to whole plant levels in wind-pollinated species. While shoot traits have been explored in water-fertilized species, little is known about how whole plant morphology affects gamete dispersal and capture. We used the dioecious, water-fertilized plant Bryum argenteum to test for differences in clump morphology and water-holding characteristics consistent with divergent selection. We hypothesized that sex-specific clump morphology, arising at maturity, produces relatively low male water-holding capacity for gamete dispersal and high female capacity for gamete capture. METHODS We measured isolated young shoot and clump water-holding capacity and clump morphological characteristics on greenhouse-grown plants. Young shoot capacity was used to predict clump capacity, which was compared with actual clump capacity. KEY RESULTS Young male shoots held more water per unit length, and male clumps had higher shoot density, which extrapolated to higher clump water-holding capacity. However, female clumps held more water and were taller with more robust shoots. Actual clump capacity correlated positively with clump height and shoot cross-sectional area. CONCLUSIONS The sex difference in actual clump capacity and its unpredictability from younger shoots are consistent with our hypothesis that males should hold less water than females to facilitate sexual reproduction. These results provide conceptual connections to other plant groups and implications for connecting divergent selection to female-biased sex ratios in B. argenteum and other bryophytes.
Building a Translengua in Latina Lesbian Organizing.

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the challenges and rewards, as well as the affective labor, involved in forging a Latina lesbian “translengua,” in other words a common language in the context of Latina lesbian organizing. I explore how members of Latina Lesbians en Nuestro Ambiente (LLENA) and Amigas Latinas, Chicago-based Latina lesbian organizations, attempted to foster consensus for collective action in the face of language differences and preferences. Through analysis of archives and interviews with activists, I untangle how LLENA and Amigas Latinas negotiated deeply personal and sensitive issues around language use as they worked to build an inclusive movement. I also identify strategies used to enact a translengua that could bridge linguistic differences within the Latina lesbian community.
The Effect of Network Characteristics on Online Identity Management Practices

ABSTRACTAs online social networking permeates all aspects of personal and professional lives, users of social networking sites (SNSs) are more motivated than ever to manage their online identities to project a favorable impression of themselves to online audiences. This research builds on the boundary management perspective to gain a better understanding of online identity management practices by examining the relationship between characteristics of the online social network, including cognitive homogeneity and social tie variety and the use of identity management practices such as segmentation and self-enhancement. The proposed research model is tested using survey data. The findings suggest cognitive homogeneity is positively related to the use of both identity management practices, segmentation and self-enhancement, whereas social tie variety is positively related to segmentation, but not self-enhancement practices. We conclude with implications of the study results for research and practice, as well a...
Giant resonances in Ti 46 , 48

The giant resonance region from 9 MeV <E{sub x}<55 MeV in {sup 46}Ti and {sup 48}Ti has been studied with inelastic scattering of 240 MeV {alpha} particles at small angles including 0 deg. Isoscalar monopole strength in {sup 46}Ti ({sup 48}Ti) was found corresponding to have 71+15/-12% (96+14/-12%) of the E0 energy weighted sum rule (EWSR) with a centroid of 18.66+0.65/-0.25% MeV (18.80+0.45/-0.18% MeV), respectively. In {sup 46}Ti ({sup 48}Ti), 46{+-}12% (56{+-}12%) of the E1, and 60{+-}11% (87{+-}11%) of the E2 EWSR were identified.
Natural Compounds as a Therapeutic Intervention following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Phytochemicals.

Abstract There has been a tremendous focus on the discovery and development of neuroprotective agents that might have clinical relevance following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This type of brain injury is very complex and is divided into two major components. The first component, a primary injury, occurs at the time of impact and is the result of the mechanical insult itself. This primary injury is thought to be irreversible and resistant to most treatments. A second component or secondary brain injury, is defined as cellular damage that is not immediately obvious after trauma, but that develops after a delay of minutes, hours, or even days. This injury appears to be amenable to treatment. Because of the complexity of the secondary injury, any type of therapeutic intervention needs to be multi-faceted and have the ability to simultaneously modulate different cellular changes. Because of diverse pharmaceutical interactions, combinations of different drugs do not work well in concert and result in adverse ...
Nanomaterials and Biocompatibility: Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes

The definition of ‘‘biocompatibility’’ and the related background material are detailed in the previous chapter covering the biocompatibility of biological microelectricalmechanical systems and dendrimers. This chapter will focus on the biocompatibility of current and emerging carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes from a structure–function standpoint. We will present trends and data from current primary literature correlating the structure of a material with its observed effect on the body ranging from cytotoxicity to hypersensitivity. In addition, we will highlight the differences in the data obtained ranging from different material preparationmethods to different animal models and how these upstream choices influence the comparison of conclusions drawn regarding each type ofmaterial. The subjective nature of assessing the extent of a biological phenomenon such as the host response to a givenmaterial for a species should become apparent.
Exploring the psychological processes underlying interpersonal forgiveness: The superiority of motivated reasoning over empathy

Abstract When, why, and how does interpersonal forgiveness occur? These questions have generated a wealth of findings, from which have emerged two broad theoretical perspectives by which to understand the forgiveness process. One perspective suggests that empathy underlies forgiveness, whereas the other suggests that motivated reasoning underlies forgiveness. Of note is that the two models have not been directly tested against one another. This lack of comparison between the models represents an important barrier to a fuller and richer understanding of the nature of forgiveness. The present research addresses this gap. To provide a test of the two perspectives, we first synthesize and link prior research associated with motivated reasoning to advance a more general model of motivated reasoning. This model hypothesizes that relationship closeness leads to a desire to maintain the relationship, this desire leads to motivated reasoning, and this motivation leads to interpersonal forgiveness. We then compare the relative ability of the two perspectives to predict forgiveness when controlling for one another. When estimated simultaneously, the model of motivated interpersonal forgiveness significantly predicts forgiveness, whereas the empathy model does not. The superiority of the model of motivated interpersonal forgiveness replicates across three studies.