cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory behaviour in the toads Bufo marinus and Bufo cognatus

Abstract 1. 1.|The temperature preference of Bufo marinus in a linear thermal gradient over a 24 h period was measured in the spring using uniform light (UL) over the length of the gradient and in the spring and fall using a point source of light over the hot end of the gradient only (LH). 2. 2.|The temperature preference of Bufo cognatus in a linear thermal gradient was measured over a 24 h period during the fall with the LH regime. 3. 3.|Light regime and season had no effect on the mean body temperature (Tb) selected over a 24 h period in B. marinus. The pattern of temperature selection over time was influenced by season. 4. 4.|Temperate B. cognatus selected significantly higher mean Tbs that the tropical B. marinus and selected significantly higher Tb during late photophase than late scotophase.
Localization of electron wave functions in disordered systems

Abstract A numerical study of the localization of electron wave functions in the tight-binding model in two dimensions is presented. Both positionally and site-energy (binary as well as continuous) disordered arrays are used. Some of the results are that for continuous site-energy disorder nearly all wave functions become localized as the range of the force becomes large, and that for systems up to 400 (20 × 20) in size the mobility edge is not well defined except in some cases of binary disorder.
Size-dependent ultrafast structural dynamics inside phospholipid vesicle bilayers measured with 2D IR vibrational echoes

The ultrafast structural dynamics inside the bilayers of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles with 70, 90, and 125 nm diameters were directly measured with 2D IR vibrational echo spectroscopy. The antisymmetric CO stretch of tungsten hexacarbonyl was used as a vibrational probe and provided information on spectral diffusion (structural dynamics) in the alkyl region of the bilayers. Although the CO stretch absorption spectra remain the same, the interior structural dynamics become faster as the size of the vesicles decrease, with the size dependence greater for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine than for DLPC. As DLPC vesicles become larger, the interior dynamics approach those of the planar bilayer.
Preventing neurodegeneration in the Drosophila mutant bubblegum.

The Drosophila melanogaster recessive mutantbubblegum (bgm) exhibits adult neurodegeneration, with marked dilation of photoreceptor axons. The bubblegummutant shows elevated levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), as seen in the human disease adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). In ALD, the excess can be lowered by dietary treatment with “Lorenzo's oil,” a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids. Feeding the fly mutant one of the components, glyceryl trioleate oil, blocked the accumulation of excess VLCFAs as well as development of the pathology. Mutant flies thus provide a potential model system for studying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease and screening drugs for treatment.
Shear stress stimulated endothelial cell derived PDGF and IL-1 alpha both stimulate SMC chemotaxis via the MAPK pathway

Abstract Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress (SS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. SS stimulates endothelial cells (EC) to secrete factors such as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) that attract smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SS stimulated EC secretion of PDGF and IL-1 both induce SMC migration via the SMC mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Bovine aortic EC were exposed to arterial levels of oscillatory SS (14 dyne/cm2) for 16 hours (control EC, static conditions). The resulting conditioned medium (CM) was used as a chemoattractant in a modified Boyden chamber to assess SMC migration for 4 hours. Excess amount of neutralizing antibodies against IL-1 or PDGF were included in the CM, or the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 preincubated with SMC, for some experiments. Phosphorylated and total MAPK (ERK1/2) were assessed by Western blot. Results were analyzed with ANOVA. CM from EC exposed to SS stimulated SMC chemotaxis 3-fold compared with CM from EC grown under static conditions (p
Parent-offspring resemblance for cognitive abilities in the Colorado Adoption Project: Biological, adoptive, and control parents and one-year-old children

The primary objective of the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP), which is a longitudinal study begun in 1975, is to assess both genetic and environmental contributions to behavioral development. In this report, cognitive data are presented for 359 biological (unwed) parents, 261 adoptive parents, 154 control (non-adoptive) parents, and 119 adopted and 79 control 1-year-old children. Analyses of the adult data indicate that the biological, adoptive, and control parents are similar with regard to various demographic variables, test reliabilities, cognitive test score variances, factor structure, and mate correlations. Moreover, selective placement is minimal. As expected, the height of parents is significantly correlated with that of their 1-year-old children for both the biological parent/adopted infant and control parent/control infant comparison, whereas the correlation between the height of adoptive parents and that of their adopted infants is not significant. With regard to cognitive measures, there is significant resemblance between the general cognitive ability of parents and measures of mental development of their 1-year-old children for all three parent/child comparisons. This finding suggests that both heredity and common family environmental influences contribute to observed familial resemblance for cognitive measures. Few significant correlations were observed between environmental measures and infant cognition for either the adoptive or the control families. However, Caldwell's HOME Responsivity measure correlated significantly with infant intelligence in both adoptive and control families. This result suggests that the relationship between maternal responsiveness and infant mental development is primarily environmental in origin.
On the minimum fuel control problem for discrete systems

It is known that the minimum fuel control problem is equivalent to a minimum l1 norm problem with linear equality constraints. By applying the dual space theory of linear vector spaces, the minimum l1 norm can be found by maximizing a linear functional with a l? norm constraint. This maximization enables the application of a linear programming technique which is usually very efficient. The control sequence which achieves the minimum fuel cost is then found by applying the alignment property in the dual space.
Auditory stimulus intensity and the neonatal approach response of domestic chicks (Gallus gallus).

Three experiments were performed to investigate the neonatal approach response of domestic chicks and its behavioural accompaniments to three intermittent auditory stimulus intensities (62, 67, and/or 75 db) and a baseline condition. Chicks from a sample of the Cornell Randombred population were tested at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and/or 144 h of age. The results indicated that louder auditory stimulus intensities are generally approached more rapidly. Also, more snuggling and contentment peeping and less orientation away and leaving the goal area occured at higher levels of auditory stimulus intensity. Pecking scores increased with increasing age. Behaviours, other than approach speed, were typically more sensitive to changes in chick respositivity.
WE‐B‐211A‐02: Development of Therapy Response Models Based Upon Functional MRI

The potential clinical value of in vivo functional and physiological MR imaging for assessment of therapeutic response has been explored in recent years. Such imaging may provide early prediction for treatment outcomes including local tumor control as well as normal tissue complications with greater predictive power compared to conventional clinical assessment methods and related anatomic imaging. The advantage of early assessment is to allow for re‐optimizing individual patients' treatment plans, including decisions of total dose, modifying risks of critical normal tissue, and optimizing use of concomitant therapies. A response model, e.g., predicting tumor or normal tissue response to doses based upon functional imaging biomarkers, can aid in clinical decision‐making. The volumetric data presented in both image‐derived metrics as well as local dose appear to provide a significant wealth of information. Care must be taken, however, to understand the limits of input data from which the model is developed. This lecture will provide an overview on how to use functional imaging to develop a response model for individualized therapy. The limitations of these techniques will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand functional imaging as a biomarker for therapy response; 2. Understand influence of imaging parameters and image quality on quantitative metrics and uncertainty in the response model. 3. Understand clinical applications and limitations.
Brown dwarfs, slow accretion, deuterium and nuclear flashes

We are celebrating Willy Fowler and Nuclear Astrophysics, but I want to discuss a topic where the onset of nuclear reactions marks failure andnot success*). The outer halos of spiral galaxies like ours contain a lot of dark matter which may or may not be baryonic. If it is, one thing that is excluded (because the luminosity would be too great) is ordinary stars with mass M large enough to burn hydrogen, yet small enough (M 0.08 M® and yet unable to burn hydrogen so that they are cool enough to make up the halo dark matter. However, ifM grows sufficiently the hydrogen starts burning in a flash and continues to burn and the star has too small a mass to light ratio to be a good dark matter candidate. Just what this critical value of Mmin is depends, indirectly, on nuclear reactions of deuterium and that reminds me of Willy Fowler.
Crossbridges in insect flight muscles of the blowfly (Sarcophaga bullata).

Crossbridges in quick-frozen deep-etched blowfly flight muscles (fromSarcophaga bullata) were compared with those observed in the traditional waterbug preparation (Lethocerus) and found to be indistinguishable. Hence, blowfly was chosen as a fresher more accessible tissue for determining the effect of various fixatives and nucleotides on crossbridge structure. In rigor control, crossbridges were most regular in muscles that were stabilized before freezing by prefixation in glutaraldehyde followed by ‘hardening’ with neutralized tannic acid, so all nucleotide treatments were terminated by such fixation. MgATP (5mm) converted the rigor pattern of crossbridges into a random array of disconnected thick filament projections. Lower levels of ATP (0.1mm) caused a variable but generally lesser degree of crossbridge disconnection, as did 5mm ADP (probably because it slowly converted to ATP inside the muscle fibres). Vanadate (1–2mm) potentiated muscle relaxation in the latter two nucleotide treatments (i.e. produced a greater degree of crossbridge disconnection). Thus, differences in overall crossbridge abundance were readily apparent in chemically fixed muscles. Structural details within individual crossbridges were less well preserved, however. Chemical prefixation tended to collapse the muscle lattice, add a surface film to the filaments and thus obscure crossbridge details. Rigorous control of fixative pH largely prevented these problems and permitted recognition of the fact that inSarcophaga flight muscle, as inLethocerus muscle in rigor, the S1 ‘heads’ of crossbridges attach to the thin filaments in the expected ‘arrowhead’ configuration.
Simple method to observe the adaptive response of Listeria monocytogenes in food.

A simple, novel method for determining stress-adaptive response of Listeria monocytogenes in food systems is presented. The method involves plating samples on Listeria-selective agar (LSA) acidified to pH 5·25 with incubation at 36 °C for 60 h to detect acid adaptation and plating on LSA with 70 gl−1 NaCl and incubation at 7 °C for 7 d to detect cold-osmotic adaptation. Adapted cells produced larger colonies (>1 mm) under these conditions than unadapted cells. Scot A (97%) and Brie-1 (100%) cells incubated in milk at pH 5 for 3 h manifested the acid-adapted colony type compared with 6% and 21% of viable cells in the unstressed control population. After a 5-d adaptation period at 4 °C in milk with 80 gl−1 salt, 29% of Scot A and 91% of Brie-1 viable cells exhibited the adapted colony type compared with <1% of the unstressed control population. Stress-adapted L. monocytogenes were isolated from soft cheese held for 42 d at 10 C.
Multiple peaks in the derivative melting curve of chromatin from animals of varying age.

Abstract The derivative melting curve of mouse brain chromatin exhibits up to fifteen reproducible peaks. The proportion of the total DNA melting at different temperatures is age dependent. The percent hyperchromicity in four melting ranges varies such that chromatin from young animals (3 days to 6 months) more closely resembles old animals (14 to 30 months) than mature animals (10 to 13 months). There is a linear relationship between the non-histone protein content and the amount of DNA melting between 78° and 92°C. It is concluded that the age-related variation observed in overall thermal stability (Tm) is related to stabilization by the non-histone protein which raises the temperature at which denaturation is expressed.
Cell Motility and Cytoskeletal Regulation in Invasion and Metastasis

Cell motility and chemotaxis can make important contributions to the metastatic cascade. Cell migration pathways in general play significant roles in a variety of physiological processes that can be "hijacked" by cancer cells. Both growth factors and chemokines provide important chemotactic signals in development and metastasis. Receptor activation, following binding of a growth factor or a chemokine, leads to dynamic morphological changes in the actin cytoskeleton network via a variety of distinct and interconnected pathways, resulting in translocation of the cell up a chemoattractant gradient. Such gradients may be produced by stromal cells in the local microenvironment, including macrophages and fibroblasts. A better understanding of the mechanisms of cell motility and cytoskeletal regulation may provide novel therapeutic strategies that would block metastatic progression, reducing dissemination of tumor cells and increasing patient survival.
Capitellar fractures in children.

Background Capitellar fractures are extremely rare. The Polish literature does not provide any reports on the treatment of these fractures. The aim of this paper is to present our treatment results and to compare them with reports from other authors. Material and methods We investigated a group of 9 patients aged 7-17 years (mean age 14 years). One patient (11%) had sustained a non-displaced fracture, while 8 (89%) had sustained fractures with more than 2 mm displacement. According to the type of fracture, one patient was treated conservatively and the others underwent surgical treatment. In the children who were operated on, the humeral capitulum was fixed with a bioabsorbable pin in one patient and with K-wires in seven patients. Objective elbow function was evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Score (MES). Subjective elbow function was evaluated by patients on the basis of the Oxford Elbow Score (OES). Conclusions 1. Non-displaced capitellar fractures should be treated conservatively. 2. Fractures with more than 2 mm displacement should be reduced surgically with percutaneous fixation with K-wires.
High-temperature mechanism-based design

The historical development of the procedures used in high-temperature design using isotropic materials is described. It is illustrated how knowledge of the mechanisms causing time-dependent deformation and damage can help to describe the influence of the multi-axial states of stress occurring in practice and to provide rational procedures for extrapolating the results of short-term tests. Since the procedures are based on mechanisms, their structure lends itself readily to a concurrent engineering approach.
On the Farsightedness (hyperopia) of the Standard k · p Model

The use of a small number of bands in conventional k · p treatment of nanostructures leads to “farsightedness” (hyperopia), whereby the correct, detailed atomistic symmetry is not seen by the model, but only the global landscape symmetry is noted. Consequently, the real symmetry is confused with a higher symmetry. As a result, a number of important symmetry-mandated physical couplings are unwittingly set to zero in the k · p approach. These are often introduced, after-the-fact, “by hand”, via an ansatz. Sometimes physical effects (e.g., piezoelectricity) are invoked to fix the otherwise incorrect symmetry. Thus, whereas in atomistic theories of nanostructures (tight-binding, pseudopotentials) the physically correct symmetry is naturally forced upon us by the structure itself, in the standard k · p model it is accommodated ex post facto once it is known from sources outside the model itself.
Effect of photoperiod on body weight and food intake of obese and lean Zucker rats

Although the rat is usually not considered to be sensitive to photoperiod, under some experimental conditions photoperiod responses are unmasked. In addition, we have observed photoperiod-induced changes in body weight gain in lean and obese Zucker rats. In this experiment, body mass, food intake, body composition, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic state, and blood concentrations of corticosterone, insulin, and glucose were evaluated under one of two lighting conditions: a short (10 h light: 14 h dark) or a long (14 h light: 10 h dark) photoperiod. Plasma corticosterone and glucose concentrations measured under fasting conditions were unaffected by photoperiod in either genotype. The amount of BAT mitochondrial protein isolated was less in long photoperiod rats. BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was unaffected by photoperiod in the lean rats, but tended to be lower in long photoperiod obese rats than in short photoperiod obese rats. Although, photoperiod had no effect on daily food intake of rats exposed to the short versus long photoperiod, body mass was heaviest in obese rats raised in long photoperiod. Plasma insulin was increased in both lean and obese rats in long photoperiod. In addition, fat storage appeared to shift to internal depots in the lean rats exposed to long photoperiod. Our data demonstrate that photoperiod does have an effect on male Zucker rats with respect to body weight and fat distribution, with the obese rats being more sensitive to changes in photoperiod than the lean rats.
Minitutorial: transmitters/receivers

With the rapid trend toward use of LED-based transmitters and PIN-based receivers to relatively high-speed/long-distance point-to-point links for local networks, there is a need to characterize accurately channel bandwidth, jitter, and distortion for a broad range of applications. This tutorial describes overall link performance, specification, and standardization issues with respect to individual transmit/receive component parameters and applies these concepts to an FDDI design example.
Electrical characteristics of GaAsP Schottky barrier diodes

Abstract Schottky barrier diodes of chromium on n-type epitaxial gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) were studied from 25°C to 440°C. The diodes showed significant rectification properties up to a temperature of 440°C. At high temperature the reverse leakage current was 1.15 mA at 25 V with a diode area of 1.14×10−3cm2 as compared with 0.25-μA current at room temperature. The n factor derived from the slope of the ln I vs. V curves was 1.1. The barrier height for chromium was found to be 1.25 eV from the capacitance measurements and 1.12 eV from the saturation current vs. temperature measurements. The slope of the C-V curves yielded a carrier concentration of 6.0×1015 carriers per cm3.
Serum thyroid hormones and performance of offspring in ewes receiving propylthiouracil with or without melatonin.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted during mid-gestation to examine effects in ewes of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment alone or with melatonin on serum thyroid hormones, postpartum reproduction, and lamb performance. In the first experiment, beginning on day 0 (first day of treatment when all animals were 72.2±0.9 days of gestation), ewes received daily treatments (gavage) consisting of either 0mg ( n =6) or 40mg ( n =6) PTU/kg body weight/day for 15 days. After 15 days, the 40mg dosage was decreased to 20mg/kg body weight for an additional 20 days (35 days of PTU). Serum thyroxine (T4) did not differ ( P >0.10) between groups through day 4; but on day 5, control females had a serum value of 67ng/ml compared with 46 (±5)ng/ml for PTU-treated ewes ( P =0.02). On the last day that 40mg of PTU was administered, serum T4 averaged 67 and 7 (±5)ng/ml ( P P P =0.46) T4 values at birth but lambs from PTU-treated ewes had lower ( P =0.03) birth weights than did those from control ewes. Serum progesterone (P4) after parturition indicated a lack of cyclicity in all ewes. In the second experiment, beginning on day 0 (76.8±4.7 days of gestation), ewes received PTU as in Experiment 1. In addition, after 15 days of PTU, melatonin was given (i.m. injections at 5mg/day) for 30 days. Propylthiouracil decreased ( P ≤0.05) serum T4 on days 25 through 41 of the treatment period. Serum T3 was lower ( P P >0.60) for lambs born to control and treated ewes. Female offspring of PTU+melatonin-treated dams reached puberty, became anestrus, and returned to cyclicity at similar ( P >0.10) times to contemporary ewe lambs. Results indicate that 40/20mg PTU alone or with melatonin does not induce cyclicity after lambing in spring lambing ewes and has little effect on offspring performance.
Optimum local oscillator levels for coherent detection using photoconductors

Use of an optical local oscillator with a photoconductor can modify its conductance sufficiently to have a considerable effect on both the effective responsivity of the detector and its interaction with the signal processing circuitry. These effects are analyzed and formulations for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived for both constant voltage bias and constant current bias. It was found that the SNR peaks at a finite optimum local oscillator power for the voltage bias case. For the current bias case, there is a saturationlike effect rather than a true maximum when operating the photoconductor in the linear region and a true maximum when operating in the quadratic region.
What's in a name? The taxonomy and nomenclature puzzle, part 2.

Learn the elements that make standardizing nursing nomenclatures and taxonomies a difficult task.
Vacua for SU(2) Yang-Mills

Abstract Vacua generated by the one-loop effective potential due to constant gauge potentials and abelian-like gauge potentials are considered. All of them are found to be unstable. The nature of these vacua with respect to Wilson's loop criterion is discussed.
2-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Signal Processing for Dispersion Compensation in Optical Systems

An inherent limitation of dispersive optical systems is the frequency-selective response of the optical systems. This paper presents a solution based on spatio-temporal digital processing that exploits the optical phase diversity to create a flat frequency response in optical systems. The digital signal processing algorithm creates a flat frequency response even when the system's transfer function includes deep nulls in the frequency response. The proposed scheme can be applied to both baseband and passband systems as well any optical signal processing system that suffers from dispersion. As an example, we present a two-branch optical system with two MZ modulators. We show that while the flat bandwidth of the original system is very limited, the proposed solution increases the overall achievable SNR to 52 dB at frequencies up to 20 GHz.
Sensory perception, neurobiology, and behavioral adaptations for predator avoidance in planktonic copepods

Copepods are important grazers on microplankton in marine food webs and are, in turn, preyed upon by a wide range of predators with diverse feeding adaptations. Although copepods have evolved numerous adaptations to help them avoid predation, their escape behavior sets them apart from many other planktonic organisms. Mechanoreception is widely used by copepods to detect hydrodynamic disturbances created by approaching predators. When these disturbances are detected, copepods respond quickly with escape jumps that can accelerate them from a stationary position to speeds of over 600 body lengths per second within a few milliseconds. Myelinated nerves may improve the escape behavior of some copepods through faster conduction of nerve impulses. The differences in response latencies between myelinate and amyelinate copepod species are greatest in larger copepod species, where nerve signals must be conducted over longer distances. Environmental variability such as turbulence may affect the ability of both prey to detect predators and predators to capture their planktonic prey. Small amounts of turbulence favor the predator, while too much turbulence reduces predation. Understanding the sensory physiology of copepods and their behavioral adaptations for avoiding predation will increase knowledge of the factors affecting the structure and function of marine pelagic food webs.
Glucose Kinetics in Lactating and Nonlactating Dairy Goats

Abstract Both intravenous single injections of 6-tritium labeled glucose and primed continuous infusions of uniformly labeled carbon-14 glucose were applied to four nonpregnant Saanen goats. Four sequential treatments were high milk production, low milk production, ``dry``with no milk production, and fasting during the dry period. The diet was 25% chopped alfalfa hay and 75% grain, and by design feed intake decreased sequentally (1.85, 1.49, .80, and 0 kg/day) with the progression from high production to fasting. Glucose irreversible loss averages from single injections of tritium labeled glucose were 199, 169, 96, and 58 mg/min for respective treatments; similar averages from continuous infusions of carbon labeled glucose for the first three treatments were 164, 132, and 76 mg/min, or about 20% less. Other blood glucose kinetic parameters were estimated after single injections, and averages declined from 5.9 to 4.5 g for pool size, 315 to 134 mg/min for total entry rate, and 115 to 76 mg/min for recycling as goats went from high production to fasting. Transfer of blood glucose to milk constituents was determined by continuous infusions. Transfer quotients for lactose were 73% for high production and 67% for low production; for casein they were 1.8 andv1.9%. The percentage of glucose irreversible loss accounted for in lactose was 31% for high production and 17% for low production whereas less than .2% was in casein.
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

Superresolution optical images have been generated with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The underlying concept is presented and several modes of operation are discussed. A resolution based on edge sharpness of 70 nm or better has been demonstrated with two different instruments. Images have been obtained which characterize the resolution as a function of two critical parameters: the aperture size and the aperture-sample separation. The near-field images also illustrate novel features resulting from several forms of contrast. Finally, the potential of NSOM is compared with conventional lens-based forms of microscopy as well as with more recent scanned tip methods.
Translational Imperatives in Deep Brain Stimulation Research: Addressing Neuroethical Issues of Consequences and Continuity of Clinical Care

As Johansson, Garwicz, Kanje, Schouenborg, and Halldenius (2014) note, the recent success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating certain conditions has prompted further investigation of the vi...
Thermal quenching of the mixed phase of He II in long channels

Abstract A critical state condition is presented for the thermal quenching of superfluidity in the presence of Gorter-Mellink forces in long insulated channels. Experimental data have been obtained in good agreement with prediction.
Nitric oxide-associated pulmonary edema in children with pulmonary venous hypertension.

Nitric oxide (NO)-associated pulmonary edema is rarely reported in children; in adults, it is often associated with left-sided heart failure. We report a case series of children with NO-associated pulmonary edema, which was defined as new multilobar alveolar infiltrates and worsening hypoxemia within 24 h of initiation or escalation of NO and radiologic or clinical improvement after NO discontinuation. We identified six patients (0.4–4 years old) with ten episodes of NO-associated pulmonary edema. Diagnoses included atrioventricular canal defect with mitral valve disease (n = 2), pulmonary atresia and major aorta-pulmonary collateral arteries (n = 2), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (n = 1), and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (n = 1). All patients had evidence of pulmonary venous hypertension, and two had mitral valve disease resulting in clinical evidence of left-sided heart failure. Pulmonary edema improved or resolved within 24 h of discontinuing NO. At cardiac catheterization, mean left atrial pressure was 15 mmHg in two of five patients. In conclusion, we describe six young children with NO-associated pulmonary edema and pulmonary venous hypertension. Only two of these children had left-sided heart failure: Left atrial pressure as well as pulmonary artery occlusion pressure may not be helpful in identifying children at risk for NO-associated pulmonary edema.
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements and modeling of nitric oxide in methane–air and ethane–air counterflow diffusion flames

Abstract Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of nitric oxide concentrations [NO] have been obtained along the centerline in atmospheric pressure methane–air and ethane–air counterflow diffusion flames. These flames are highly diluted to avoid both soot formation and the influence of radiative heat losses on NO formation, thereby ensuring NO production mostly via the prompt mechanism. Linear LIF measurements of [NO] are corrected for variations in the electronic quenching rate coefficient by using major species profiles generated by an opposed-flow flame code and quenching cross-sections for NO available from the literature. Temperature measurements are also made in the methane–air counterflow diffusion flames by using thin SiC filament pyrometry. The excellent agreement between temperature measurements and model predictions verifies the efficacy of a new calibration method developed for thin filament pyrometry. Predictions using the GRI mechanism consistently underpredict peak [NO] in all flames. This result indicates a need for refinement of both the prompt-NO and CH kinetics, especially the rate coefficient for the prompt-NO initiation reaction. A modified rate coefficient proposed for the prompt-NO initiation reaction significantly improves agreement between modeling and measurements in both the methane–air and ethane–air counterflow diffusion flames. The remaining discrepancy in some flames can be attributed to a lack of refinement in the CH chemistry. Overall, the modified rate coefficient proposed here seems to be a good choice over a wide range of strain rates for both methane and ethane fuels.
Heterogeneity in cDNA clones encoding rice glutelin

Abstract Clones encoding the rice storage protein glutelin were selected from a cDNA library of immature rice seeds. Sequence analysis and hybridization studies on these clones provide insight into the nature of heterogeneity in glutelin genes. Based particularly on major differences in the 3′-noncoding regions, it appears that glutelin genes fall into two sub-families.
Ameloblastoma: Delineation of early histopathologic features of neoplasia.

Relatively little has been documented concerning the specific histologic alterations associated with neoplastic transformation of ameloblastomatous epithelium or the histopathology of ameloblastomas early in their development. Ten examples of cystic jaw lesions that manifested an apparently distinctive altered epithelium were analyzed and were compared with published photomicrographs of early ameloblastomas, mural ameloblastoma, and examples of ameloblastoma arising in association with dental cysts. While the 10 specimens had all been considered cystic, 3 histopathologic alterations were consistently observed that delineated them from dental cysts. The histopathologic changes were: 1. hyper-chromatism of basal cell nuclei of the epithelium lining the cystic cavities; 2. palisading and polarization of basal cell nuclei of the epithelium lining the cystic cavities, and 3. cytoplasmic vacuolization of, especially, basal cells of cystic linings. Cystic lesions manifesting these histologic changes, in the present analysis and the literature, have been associated with ameloblastoma in a high percentage of instances.
Transient Fungemia in Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: Detection by New Blood-Culturing Techniques

Transient fungemia has been thought to occur with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in humans, but this has never been confirmed. We report two cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in which transient fungemia was detected by the lysis-centrifugation blood-culturing technique. Both patients had self-limited acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, and neither was treated with antifungal therapy. Follow-up evaluation at three years and at 17 months disclosed no evidence of active pulmonary or disseminated disease. Transient Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum fungemia may occur with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. Fungemia may be prevented or arrested by an intact immune system or by other factors not yet known.
Two convenient methods for the generation of “methylene meldrum's acid” for diels-alder reactions.

Abstract The transient isopropylidene methylenemalonate can be easily generated by treating either Meldrum's acid or diisopropylidene methylenedimalonate with formaldehyde, and trapped by reactive dienes.
Mass of the Moon from Satellite Observations

The four classical methods of determining the mass of the moon are noted, and a new use of an artificial earth satellite is proposed. The procedure, based on Kepler9s law, is outlined, but at present the uncertainties in the observed data preclude an improved estimate of the lunar mass.
Growth and Characterization of Doped TGS Crystals for Infrared Devices

Modified triglycine sulfate (TGS) single crystals have been grown from the aqueous solution by doping with urea, yttrium sulfate, l-serine + cobalt sulfate, and l-alanine + urea in the ferroelectric phase using a temperature lowering technique. The effects of these different dopants on the growth, dielectric, pyroelectric, optical, and mechanical properties have been investigated. TGS doped with urea and l-serine + cobalt sulfate exhibited higher material figures of merit for pyroelectric infrared detecting devices compared with pure TGS crystals. The Vicker's hardness studies at room temperature, carried out on (001) and (010) crystallographic planes using the Leitz Weitzler microhardness tester, show increased hardness of the doped crystals.
Psychosis-proneness and verbal memory in a college student population

Abstract Previous research has revealed numerous neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenics. Research on individuals with schizotypal personality features has also demonstrated similar neuropsychological deficits. However, the latter literature is limited in scope. This study examined verbal memory function in psychometrically identified (Chapman Scales) psychosis-prone college students (n=409). Subjects were administered a standard verbal memory procedure (Logical Memory; Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised) as well as measures of verbal intelligence (Shipley Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Results reveal no relationship between degree of schizotypic features and recall measures (immediate recall, delayed recall, and retention rate). Moreover, comparisons between low schizotypic subjects and those scoring at the extreme (greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean) also failed to reveal significant differences in recall. These results raise the possibility that memory deficits may be specific to schizophrenia and not the schizophrenia spectrum or that they are restricted to only those with the familial form of the disorder (i.e., those with family histories of schizophrenia).
Expression of memory to the terminal differentiation inducing activity of tiazofurin in HL-60 leukemia cells.

Abstract Tiazofurin, a potent inhibitor of inosine 5′-phosphate dehydrogenase, depletes guanine nucleotide pools and induces granulocytic maturation of HL-60 leukemia cells. These effects are reversed when cells exposed to this agent for 24 h are washed and placed in tiazofurin-free medium. HL-60 cells treated with tiazofurin for a 24 h period, retain a precommitment memory that lessens the time interval necessary for cells to express the mature phenotype upon re-exposure. That protein synthesis was required for maintaining the expression of memory was demonstrated by the finding that memory was blocked when primed cells were exposed to cycloheximide during the intervening inducer-free interval, but not during the priming or subsequent drug exposure periods. The findings have significance with respect to the sequence of events required for commitment to a differentiation pathway.
Colorectal cancer screening.

Purpose of reviewThe review will summarize the state of the art in colon cancer screening. Recently published screening guidelines will be reviewed so physicians can understand them and how to deal with the differences. Each screening modality presently in use will then be reviewed with emphasis on
Using engineering control principles to inform the design of adaptive interventions: A conceptual introduction

The goal of this paper is to describe the role that control engineering principles can play in developing and improving the efficacy of adaptive, time-varying interventions. It is demonstrated that adaptive interventions constitute a form of feedback control system in the context of behavioral health. Consequently, drawing from ideas in control engineering has the potential to significantly inform the analysis, design, and implementation of adaptive interventions, leading to improved adherence, better management of limited resources, a reduction of negative effects, and overall more effective interventions. This article illustrates how to express an adaptive intervention in control engineering terms, and how to use this framework in a computer simulation to investigate the anticipated impact of intervention design choices on efficacy. The potential benefits of operationalizing decision rules based on control engineering principles are particularly significant for adaptive interventions that involve multiple components or address co-morbidities, situations that pose significant challenges to conventional clinical practice.
The IRAS View of the Galaxy and the Solar System

Data from IRAS observations of the solar system and the Galaxy are compiled and analyzed in a general review. Sections are devoted to the zodiacal dust cloud, comets and asteroids, the search for Planet X, the formation of low-mass and high-mass stars, and the IR characteristics of different types of stars and of novae and supernovae. Consideration is given to protoplanetary disks and the Vega phenomenon, limits on brown dwarfs, and the diffuse Galactic emission.
Noise reduction and design methodology in mixed-signal systems with alternating impedance electromagnetic bandgap (AI-EBG) structure

This paper presents noise suppression and design methodology in mixed-signal systems with alternating impedance electromagnetic bandgap (AI-EBG) structure. The AI-EBG structure was developed recently and applied for noise isolation/suppression in mixed-signal systems. In this paper, the mixed-signal systems with and without the AI-EBG structure were designed and fabricated to see noise reduction effect due to AI-EBG structure. This AI-EBG structure showed excellent noise suppression in mixed-signal systems by suppressing all harmonic noise peaks due to digital circuits in a stopband range of -100 dB isolation (S/sub 21/) level. However, without carefully designing mixed-signal system with the AI-EBG structure, the use of the AI-EBG structure could cause problems associated with signal integrity as well as electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this paper, excellent noise suppression with AI-EBG structure is shown and design methodology in mixed-signal systems with AI-EBG structure is proposed to avoid possible problems associated with signal integrity as well as EMI.
Ethical Dilemmas in the Lived Experience of Nursing Practice

Through a series of semistructured interviews with 12 nurses delivering direct patient care in acute, long-term and home care settings, information was sought regarding the ethical concerns of practicing nurses. Although these nurses frequently did not specifically identify the areas of expressed concern as ethical in nature, thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews uncovered four major ethical areas of concern common to these 12 nurses. These areas are: (1) Withholding of information and truth-telling; (2) Unequal access or inequalities in care; (3) Differences between business and professional values; (4) Breaking and reporting broken rules. Several reasons are offered to explain the failure of nurses accurately to identify specific practice dilemmas as ethical in nature and the sequelae of these failures. Possibilities involving ongoing education and mentored experiences in practice areas are reported.
Just Girls: Hidden Literacies and Life in Junior High

Just Girls: Hidden Literacies and Life in Junior High. Margaret J. Finders. New York Teachers College Press, 1997. 145 pp.
A Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake Through Black Churches: Results of the Eat for Life Trial

Objectives. This study reports on Eat for Life, a multicomponent intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among African Americans that was delivered through Black churches. Methods. Fourteen churches were randomly assigned to 3 treatment conditions: (1) comparison, (2) self-help intervention with 1 telephone cue call, and (3) self-help with 1 cue call and 3 counseling calls. The telephone counseling in group 3 was based on motivational interviewing. The primary outcome, assessed at baseline and 1-year follow-up, was fruit and vegetable intake as assessed by 3 food frequency questionnaires. Results. Change in fruit and vegetable intake was significantly greater in the motvational interviewing group than in the comparison and self-help groups. The net difference between the motivational interviewing and comparison groups was 1.38, 1.03, and 1.21 servings of fruits and vegetables per day for the 2-item, 7-item, and 36-item food frequency questionnaires, respectively. The net difference betwee...
Weekly localization films and detection of field placement errors.

Abstract Quality control of radiation therapy delivery becomes increasingly important as more complex field arrangements are devised and higher precision is required. It is difficult for designers of cooperative protocols to know how often to recommend that portal check films be obtained in order to assure conformity to protocol requirements. In order to help establish a baseline rate of field placement errors (FPE) that may be expected in the delivery of radiation therapy and correlate these errors to anatomic regions and specific treatment sites, the portal films were reviewed for 337 males who were seen in consultation over a 1 year period at Wood Veterans Administration Hospital Radiation Therapy Department. Deviations of greater than 0.5 cm from the planning films were recorded as FPE's according to four categories: field malposition, field malrotation, patient malposition and block malposition. The overall FPE rate was 15% (10% if error limit set at 1.0 cm or greater); the pelvic and upper aero-digestive tract regions had the highest rates, 27% and 17% respectively, while the cranial region was least error prone (7%). Field malposition, namely, cephalo-caudad and/or transverse field shift, was the most common FPE and it comprised 74% of all errors. A simple in-house field placement control program is described.
Monitoring and investigating certified registered nurse practitioners in pain management.

Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 31 (2003): 101–118. © 2003 by the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics. he Mayday Scholars Program for 2001–2002 provided an opportunity to boards of nursing to present their experiences in monitoring the prescribing practices of advanced practice nurses and to research ways for improving their own investigation processes as professional disciplinary agencies for prescribing practices related to pain management.1 The Alabama Board of Nursing was interested in participating in the program based on its commitment to accountability for public protection. A gradual increase in disciplinary cases involving violations of prescribing practices by certified registered nurse practitioners (CRNPs)2 prompted our inquiry as to whether a proactive monitoring system was needed to determine compliance with regulations for advanced practice nurses in collaborative practice. In this article, we discuss selected elements related to pain management and regulatory factors, including nursing, that affect the treatment of pain. We present a brief overview of the evolution of advanced practice nursing, with an emphasis on the nurse practitioners movement, and prescription practices and pain management by nurse practitioners. Next, we present research results about nurse practitioners approved for practice in Alabama, their perceptions of their preparation for prescriptive practice in pain management, and their experiences in collaborative practice related to prescriptive authority for pain management. Then, we share the experiences of the Alabama Board of Nursing in monitoring and investigating nurse practitioners for compliance with prescriptive authority. Finally, we show how evidence obtained from research can have rapid application to regulatory concerns, and conclude with an open agenda for future research related to pain management and regulation. The survey presented in this article employed an evidence-based approach using an action research design to address the survey’s priorities.3 Research questions centered on: • barriers to pain management experienced by nurse practitioners; • autonomy exercised by nurse practitioners in making decisions for dosage and administration of controlled substances when operating under a protocol for collaborative practice; and • opportunities to improve the investigation process of a board of nursing when collaborative practice is required for prescribing practices related to pain management.
The theory of planned behavior and postpartum smoking relapse.

Purpose: To explore the applicability of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to postpartum smoking relapse. Organizing Framework: The theory of planned behavior is proposed as an appropriate framework for the study of postpartum smoking relapse. Methods: The literature on smoking cessation, postnatal smoking, and the theory of planned behavior were reviewed. References included electronic database and manual search results. Conclusions: The theory of planned behavior provides a framework for explaining, predicting, and influencing human behaviors based on modifiable factors of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. The inclusion of instrument development guidelines significantly strengthens the usefulness of the framework. A theoretically based understanding of postpartum smoking relapses can guide and strengthen appropriate interventions directed toward significantly reducing postpartum smoking, thereby increasing the number of women who are able to remain smoke-free for life.