cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys

Regional magnetotelluric surveys recently completed across the central and eastern Alaska Range of Alaska provide evidence for large volumes of conductive rocks beneath the core of the range. These conductive rocks may represent a formerly extensive, but now collapsed, Mesozoic flysch basin formed on the leading edge of the Talkeetna superterrane (amalgamated Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Alexander terranes). The docking of the Talkeetna superterrane caused large-scale oblique thrusting, folding, and metamorphism in the flysch basin, and formation of a megasuture along which the Cenozoic strike-slip Denali fault system developed. The deep magnetotelluric soundings and seismic reflection data suggest the possibility that the highly conductive rocks were tectonically emplaced beneath the thin crystalline sheet constituting the southern Yukon-Tanana terrane over a broad region of the Alaska Range. The conductive rocks are locally correlated with surface outcrops of Mesozoic black shales that are part of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous flysch but may be composed of Paleozoic carbonaceous shales as well. In either case, their extremely low resistivities make them a valuable marker horizon for tectonic studies. The conductive rocks are interpreted to extend to depths of greater than 20 km and were mapped north and northeast of the Denali fault for more than 50 km. The magnetotelluric surveys represent the first large-scale surveys done in Alaska, but the structures mapped are similar to those observed in large, compressed flysch basins in the eastern Alps and Carpathian Mountains of Europe. The results of these surveys bear on several key tectonic questions, including development of the ancestral Denali fault, and collapse and possible underplating of an extensive Mesozoic flysch system and associated igneous arc.
Counterdiffusion of liquid hydrocarbons in type Y zeolite: Effect of molecular size, molecular type, and direction of diffusion

This paper presents experimental results on the counterdiffusion of liquid hydrocarbons in the Y zeolite as determined by an unsteady state technique using the zeolite powder. The critical diameter of aromatic molecules counterdiffusing with respect to cyclohexane into NaY zeolite has a marked effect upon the counterdiffusion rate. For a given molecular type, the single parameter of critical molecular diameter correlates the size effect well. Molecular type, for example, toluene vs. phenol, also has a pronounced effect on the counterdiffusion rate. Those molecules showing stronger interactions with the zeolite have lower counterdiffusion rates. In both NaY and SK-500, the diffusion coefficients for adsorptive counterdiffusion are an order of magnitude greater than the diffusion coefficients for desorptive counter-diffusion indicating that factors other than simple intracrystalline diffusion as such are also important in zeolite counterdiffusion. Simple diffusion models do not account for the differences observed indicating that a more sophisticated approach is necessary.
Death as a Transformation of Wholeness: An “Aha” Experience of Health as Expanding Consciousness:

A nurse-patient clinical experience is presented from a unitary transformative perspective. The experience is interpreted through Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness. A brief description of Newman's theory is given in order to provide the reader with Newman's key terms and fundamental philosophical principles. The nurse-patient healing partnership is explained using Newman's terminology and theory of health as expanding consciousness. The purpose of this article is to advance the critical importance of uncompromised and nonfragmented nursing care in partnership with the irreducible whole person.
PROSTACYCLIN OVERPRODUCTION IN BARTTER'S SYNDROME

Urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha and thromboxane B2, the major metabolites of prostacyclin and of thromboxane A2, respectively, was measured by specific radioimmunoassays in five female patients with Bartter's syndrome and in five normal female controls. The patients with Bartter's syndrome excreted about four times as much 6-keto-PGF1alpha as the controls; their excretion of thromboxane B2 was no different from that of the controls. These data suggest that overproduction of prostacyclin mediates both the hyper-reninaemia and the hyporesponsiveness of blood-pressure to pressor agents in Bartter's syndrome.
Cigarette smoking and subsequent hospitalization in a cohort of young U.S. Navy female recruits.

Introduction: Tobacco use is of particular concern to the U.S. Department of Defense because the military historically has had higher and heavier rates of tobacco use than civilians. Few prospective studies have examined the association of cigarette smoking with medical outcomes, particularly among initially healthy female military personnel. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed over 5,000 young U.S. Navy female recruits varying in their smoking status at entry into the Navy and collected their subsequent hospitalization data (i.e., International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes) for up to 7–8 years of service. Results: Results indicated that after adjusting for differences in time at risk and sociodemographic variables, daily smokers (compared with never-and other smokers) had higher rates of hospitalization for any reason and for musculoskeletal conditions. Daily smokers also had higher rates than never- and other smokers for non–pregnancy-related hospitalizations and for mental disorders, although only the daily/other differences reached statistical significance. Daily smokers’ average number of days hospitalized was significantly longer than that of neverand other smokers. Discussion: Results suggest that young women do not have to wait decades to experience the harmful effects of smoking. A recent history of cigarette smoking is an important determinant of hospitalization risk for even young healthy women in the U.S. Navy.
LOCAL AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN LONG TERM BITUMINOUS COAL PRODUCTION PROSPECTS IN EASTERN UNITED STATES1

The United States bituminous coal mining industry anticipates record prosperity during the next several decades as national energy demands soar to unprecedented levels. However, it is highly improbable that each of the country's numerous and diversely constituted coal producing areas will share equally, or at all, in the expansion. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1) to propose a method for differentiating between long term growth and non-growth conditions in the coal mining industry, and 2) to apply this criterion geographically in an attempt to forecast future local and regional responses to the forthcoming increase in national demands for energy. The chartist technique, involving determination of past long term coal production trends by graphic procedures, is utilized to differentiate between growth and non-growth situations among the 169 major bituminous coal mining counties (out of a total of 306 counties in which coal has been mined) in eastern United States during the period 1898–1963. Important spatial homogeneities and differences thus become apparent. Extrapolation of these local and regional trends permits an estimate to be made of the reactions of each of the 169 counties under study to the anticipated future increase in the national coal market. A total of eighty-two Appalachian and twenty-one Eastern Interior counties are rated as potentially increasing in future production, whereas a total of thirty-eight Appalachian, twenty-six Eastern Interior, and two Northern Interior counties are rated as not significantly sharing in the future expansion of coal mining. The remaining 137 counties in the three coal districts will produce only irregularly.
Police exposure to infectious agents: an audit of protective policies

BACKGROUND As first responders, police officers may be exposed to infectious agents such as hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus. Their risk of infection by these viruses can be reduced with training, monitoring and, with some viruses, vaccination. AIMS To examine infection prevention policies and practices among police departments and determine provision of vaccination and infection prevention education programmes. METHODS A questionnaire sent to all police departments in five counties of south-eastern Pennsylvania to capture information about department size, immunization policies and practices, record keeping, infection prevention education and monitoring of exposures. RESULTS Ninety-six of 168 departments responded (57%). Among these, policies requiring pre-employment physical examinations were almost universal (95%). Vaccination policies were less common with <15% requiring and 50% recommending hepatitis, tetanus or influenza vaccination for officers. Few departments took action to provide (2%) or cover the cost (21%) of vaccination. Fewer than 12% maintained vaccination records. Education about the risk of infectious agents was offered by 60% of the responding departments, but often just once at the start of employment. Fewer than half of the departments had systems to collect exposure information. CONCLUSIONS Police departments have opportunities to improve policies and practices for infection prevention and control. Accurate documentation of vaccination status is essential to ensure provision of appropriate post-exposure assessment and treatment. Better reporting of exposure will improve understanding of the infection transmission risk, enhancing the ability to offer targeted education and services to officers.
Foucault's Triple Murder and the Modern Development of Power

Michel Foucault offered his readers an “analytics of power” and later began a “genealogy of the subject.” The two tasks were related, and both were premised on Foucault's rejection of traditional modes of political thought or reason. This article explores Foucault's attack on political rationality, something here called Foucault's triple murder: that is, his rejection of the role played in political thought by the ideas of sovereignty, History (as a predictable evolutionary or revolutionary process) and Man (as a transcendental subject). Foucault's restructuring of political thought is shown to be the foundation of his work.
Relativized Grothendieck topoi

Abstract In this paper we define a notion of relativization for higher order logic. We then show that there is a higher order theory of Grothendieck topoi such that all Grothendieck topoi relativizes to all models of set theory with choice.
Effects of optimism, interpersonal relationships, and distress on psychosexual well-being among women with early stage breast cancer

This study examined associations between optimism, social support, and distress as they relate to psychosexual well-being among 136 women with Stage 0, I, and II breast cancer. Women were assessed immediately post-surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Results support two cross-sectional mediation models. The first model indicates that patients who are more optimistic experience greater psychosexual well-being (i.e., feel more feminine, attractive, and sexually desirable) partly because they perceive themselves as having more social support available. The second model indicates that patients who are more optimistic experience greater psychosexual well-being partly because they experience less emotional distress related to the disease. When the two models were tested simultaneously, distress no longer contributed uniquely to the model at any time point except for 12 months follow-up.
On-line IEEE floating-point multiplication and division for reduced power dissipation

We propose implementations for on-line IEEE floating-point (FP) multiplication and division. In on-line arithmetic a result is computed digit-serially (most significant digits first). On-line implementations are well known for fixed-point operands, where they allow for significant reductions in power dissipation and implementation costs. Online arithmetic on IEEE FP numbers imposes challenges beyond the implementation of on-line fixed-point arithmetic. These challenges particularly include the simultaneous computation of normalization and IEEE compliant rounding in an on-line schedule. We show how these challenges can be solved efficiently for the implementation of on-line IEEE floating-point (FP) multiplication and division. The proposed designs extend the design space for IEEE compliant floating-point implementations in the direction of low implementation cost and reduced power dissipation. The proposed implementations are fully compliant with the IEEE 754 FP standard.
Indication for surgical treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis – a critical appraisal and counter-point

In a recent letter to the editor (Patient Saf. Surg. 2013, 7:17), Weiss and Moramarco made the claim that surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis is not supported based on the available literature citing no medical indication and high complication rates as compared to non-operative management. In this letter we show that there is a role for surgical treatment as the only predictable option to obtain correction of a curve and that the risk of complications with newer instrumentation does not approach 50% as cited by Weiss and Moramarco. We share the opinion with Weiss and Moramarco that a decision for surgery is not one to be made lightly, and should include options of purely observation, bracing, as well as surgery depending on the potential progression profile and conversations with the child and parents.
Alterations in Consciousness Among High School Students Produced by Ingestion of Illegal Drugs

(1971). Alterations in Consciousness Among High School Students Produced by Ingestion of Illegal Drugs. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 419-432.
Packet reservation multiple access over slow and fast fading channels

Packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) allows a group of spatially dispersed terminals to transmit packet voice and data over a common channel. A means to model and evaluate the effects of packet transmission errors on PRMA is developed. PRMA is considered in the context of a cellular system, and the effects of fading on the performance of PRMA are studied. PRMA performance is assessed in terms of system capacity, outage, and cellular efficiency when the transmission channel is subject to slow and fast fading. It is shown that for fast-fading channels simple forward-error correction is sufficient for acceptable system performance. In slow-fading channels, however, other techniques such as selection diversity are required. >
Wartime dilemmas of an ethical anthropology

Dans le contexte des debats de l'apres-11 septembre 2001 sur la responsabilite ethique de l'anthropologue, l'A. propose quelques reflexions sur les dilemmes ethiques qui s'imposent a l'anthropologue cooperant avec des services secrets ou d'autres services gouvernementaux du renseignement ou de la securite nationale. Il tente notamment d'eclairer la situation contemporaine a partir d'une mise en perspective historique de l'engagement des anthropologues durant les periodes des premiere et deuxieme Guerres mondiales et de la Guerre froide. Il suggere que l'interpretation des positions ethiques de Franz Boas telles qu'elles furent exprimees dans sa celebre lettre a La Nation (premiere Guerre mondiale) - l'appel au respect de la vocation ethique et anthropologique - doit etre completee par le principe du respect de la liberte et de la vocation scientifiques.
DISTAR MATHEMATICS PROGRAM AND TWO COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF POOR-RISK KINDERGARTNERS

After 2 mo. of school most kindergarten teachers can identify those children experiencing difficulty within the classroom environment and who, in all probability, will be considered "poor-risks" for first grade by the end of the school year. Two factors contributing to the failure of such children are the lack of ability to listen to and comprehend verbal stimuli and their inability to communicate verbally with peers and teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Distar Mathematics Program (2) of these communication skills with "poor-risk kindergartners. The program was selected since it provides varieties of verbal stimuli and the mathematics content is appropriate for kindergartners. In a public kindergarten in the suburbs of a northern ciry from 63 Ss the teachers were asked to select those children who were most deficient in these skills. Of the 16 children identified, 9 were randomly selected (4 boys and 5 girls). Forty 20-min. lessons were given over 17 wk. Both pretest and posttest measures were taken: Mencal Age [Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Forms A and B (I)], Task Attention (each child was observed for two 4-min. periods by three observers during the first and last weeks of instruction-total of 16 min. per child. Every 3 sec. during the observation it was recorded whether S was attending), and Class Response (each child's verbal responses were recorded during three 3-min. observations). Credit for a response was given when the child was speaking to the class about the topic of discussion.) Means and standard deviations on pretest, posttest, and difference scores for three measures are presented in the table.
Association of estimated sodium and potassium intake with blood pressure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Sodium and potassium intake are modifiable determinants of hypertension in the general population but have not been studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined the relationship between urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, as an estimate of intake, and blood pressure in patients with SLE. We studied 178 SLE patients and 86 controls, matched for age, sex, and race. Urine sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) were measured by flame photometry. Blood pressure was the average of two resting measurements. The associations between systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) and estimated 24-hour urinary Na+, K+, and Na+:K+ ratio were tested. The estimated mean 24-hour urinary K+ excretion was lower, and the Na+:K+ ratio was higher in patients with SLE than controls. There were no significant differences in the estimated 24-hour urinary Na+. In patients with SLE, a higher urinary Na+:K+ ratio was associated with higher SBP (β coefficient = 4.01, p = 0.023) and DBP (β coefficient = 4.41, p = 0.002) after adjusting for age, sex, and race. SLE patients had significantly lower estimated 24-hour urinary K+ and higher estimated 24-hour urinary Na+: K+ ratio than controls. The urinary Na+:K+ ratio was significantly associated with SBP and DBP.
Application of GIS technology in ecological environment protection analysis in regional agricultural planning

The analysis of ecological environmenta protection is an important part in regional agricultural planning. GIS technology can quantitatively analyze the implicated information of all kinds of surface features in planning area and provide accurate and technical support to protect the ecology and environment. Taking the general plan of modern agricultural demonstration garden in Shuanghe town of Heshan city as an example,this paper analyzed the status of regional environment hypersensitive points and protection measures,designed monitoring sites of soil quality,irrigation water and agricultural wastewater by GIS technology,which provided concrete measures in practical field to protect ecology and environment,and it improved the scientific nature and feasibility of regional ecological and environmental protection.
Bayesian abductive logic programs: a probabilistic logic for abductive reasoning

In this proposal, we introduce Bayesian Abductive Logic Programs (BALP), a probabilistic logic that adapts Bayesian Logic Programs (BLPs) for abductive reasoning. Like BLPs, BALPs also combine first-order logic and Bayes nets. However, unlike BLPs, which use deduction to construct Bayes nets, BALPs employ logical abduction. As a result, BALPs are more suited for problems like plan/activity recognition that require abductive reasoning. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of BALPs, we apply it to two abductive reasoning tasks - plan recognition and natural language understanding.
Flow cytometry provides rapid and highly accurate detection of antisperm antibodies

Objective Immunobead testing (IBT), the current standard for antisperm antibody detection, is time consuming and somewhat subjective. To overcome these limitations and maintain accuracy, we studied an immunofluorescent assay using flow cytometry. Design A validation study comparing flow cytometry to IBT in the detection of serum antisperm antibodies. Setting Flow cytometry laboratory. Patients Sera from 37 men after vasectomy (test) and sera from 35 fertile men (control). Main Outcome Measure Test serum with and without immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM antisperm antibodies as defined by IBT were analyzed by flow cytometry. Sensitivity and specificity of flow cytometry was calculated by defining the IBT as the true result. Results Flow cytometry identified 22 of 22 sera that were IgG positive (100% sensitivity), 12 of 14 sera that were IgA positive (86% sensitivity), and 4 of 4 sera that were IgM positive (100% sensitivity). Overall, 22 of 37 men were positive for antisperm antibodies. The flow cytometry correctly identified 71 of 71 negative sera (100% specificity). Fluorescence intensity values from the 37 study patients significantly correlated with immunobead binding to the head region and to the entire (more than one) region. Conclusions Detection of IgG, IgA, and IgM antisperm antibodies by flow cytometry is highly sensitive and specific. In addition, flow cytometry is able to assess thousands of sperm rapidly and accurately, reducing sampling error and technical time.
Audiometrie Bone Conduction

Audiometric bone conduction test data are obtained with a unit that permits comparison with a recognized standard because the unit can be calibrated to operate within specified limits. Proper calibration of the unit is necessary if the equipment is to be accurate. Two procedures can be helpful in determining the need for calibration: the average loss method and the input voltage measurement method. Neither should supplant calibration, but each offers a means of checking the output of the unit. Confidence in auditory test data is increased when there is a high degree of consistency among the various tests; the availability of several different tests in the audiometric series can be used to an advantage then in a determination of consistency. An additional opportunity to ascertain the existence of consistency is present when tuning fork tests are employed as part of the total evaluation. The use of a masking stimulus in the nontest ear simultaneously with the presentation of the test tone to the test ear can be extremely useful in defining the type as well as the extent of the hearing loss. Presentation of the test tone and the masking stimulus in controlled discrete steps is the key to the interpretation of masking results.
The association of physical activity, cognitive processes and automobile driving ability in older adults: a review of the literature

As the number of older adults in the United States grows, the number of automobile drivers over the age of 65 will also increase. Several cognitive processes necessary for automobile driving are vulnerable to age-related decline. These include declines in executive function, working memory, attention, and speed of information processing. The benefits of physical activity on physical, psychological and particular cognitive processes are well-documented; however few studies have explored the relationship between physical activity and driving ability in older adults or examined if cognitive processes mediate (or moderate) the effect of physical activity on driving ability. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding physical activity, cognition and automobile driving. Recommendations for further research and utility of the findings to nursing and the health care team are provided.
Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels expressed in canine colonic smooth muscle cells

Experiments were performed to identify and characterize the types of calcium channels that regulate inward calcium current in canine colonic smooth muscle. Freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells from the circular layer of the canine proximal colon were used. Single-channel currents were measured with 80 mM Ba2+ as the charge carrier. Small-conductance (10 +/- 2 pS, EBa = 46 +/- 11 mV, n = 9) and large-conductance (21 +/- 1 pS, EBa = 52 +/- 3 mV, n = 19) single-channel currents were observed during depolarizing voltage steps positive to -30 mV. Both types of single-channel currents were inhibited by the addition of 10(-6) M nifedipine to the bath solution. The smaller current was infrequently observed and therefore was not further characterized. Open probability (P(o)) of the larger current amplitude was strongly dependent on voltage. Activation curves were well described by a Boltzmann function with half activation occurring at 4 mV, and a 5-mV increase in membrane potential resulted in an e-fold increase in P(o). BAY K 8644 (1 microM) shifted the activation curve to the left while nifedipine (1 microM) resulted in a right shift. Molecular analysis showed that only the C class of Ca2+ channel alpha 1-subunit is expressed in this tissue. Furthermore, only a single splice variant (rbc-II) was observed. The results suggest that a single class of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels regulates inward calcium current in canine colonic smooth muscle cells.
The team concept in supervised practice: benefits for students and preceptors.

Economic pressures in health care today make it difficult for many practitioners to provide educational opportunities for dietetic students. Staff members at practice settings, with increased responsibilities on the job, stipulate limitations on the numbers of students and request that they be better prepared. Dietetic educators are faced with maintaining the quality of supervised practice, particularly for new students, in spite of reduced availability of practice settings and time limitations of staff preceptors. An option is the multiple assignment—a technique in which students function as a team. Three students, each with a set of specialized objectives, cooperate in the care of one patient: One is the doer, one is the resource person, and one is the evaluator. This methodology was adapted to dietetics, and a pilot project was conducted in a hospital setting. Three student teams (nine students), three clinical preceptors, and one faculty member participated. Students achieved at high levels and demonstrated great satisfaction in their supervised practice. For staff preceptors, the team approach reduced student-related time involvement by one-half and promoted the quality of student performance. Guidelines for further application of the model are given, J Am Diet Assoc 89:78-81, 1989.
Human Life and the Life of an Animal

I want to ask how it is that the intelligibility of one’s actions makes it possible to speak of the course of one’s life — as one cannot in the life of an animal.
Clinical Reasoning in the Assessment and Intervention Planning for Major Depression

Accurate assessment and effective treatment of mood disorders, particularly depression, is critically important for the millions of youth who are experiencing such symptomatology and who are at risk for a multitude of deleterious outcomes. Although the extant empirical literature provides substantial guidance for the assessment and treatment of depression, real-life complexities necessitate the inclusion of sound clinical judgment throughout the diagnostic, treatment planning and intervention phases. The purpose of this article is to present an example of a real-life case study reliant on evidence-based practices and sound clinical judgment in the assessment and treatment of depression. We first review the extant diagnostic, epidemiological, assessment, and treatment literature. The case study is intended to highlight the therapist’s use of evidence-based treatment (i.e., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), while also considering points during treatment at which the therapist was required to use clinical judgm...
Type-II Weyl points in three-dimensional cold-atom optical lattices

Topological Lifshitz phase transition characterizes an abrupt change of the topology of the Fermi surface through a continuous deformation of parameters. Recently, Lifshitz transition has been predicted to separate two types of Weyl points: type-I and type-II (or called structured Weyl points), which has attracted considerable attention in various fields. Although recent experimental investigation has seen a rapid progress on type-II Weyl points, it still remains a significant challenge to observe their characteristic Lifshitz transition. Here, we propose a scheme to realize both type-I and type-II Weyl points in three-dimensional ultracold atomic gases by introducing an experimentally feasible configuration based on current spin-orbit coupling technology. In the resultant Hamiltonian, we find three degenerate points: two Weyl points carrying a Chern number $\ensuremath{-}1$ and a fourfold degenerate point carrying a Chern number 2. Remarkably, by continuous tuning of a convenient experimental knob, all these degenerate points can transition from type-I to type-II, thereby providing an ideal platform to study different types of Weyl points and directly probe their Lifshitz phase transition.
Photonic crystal biosilica for biosensing with single molecule sensitivity

The detection of a small number of molecules in miniature amount of solution is of pivotal significance in many applications including biomedicine, homeland security, forensics, and environmental protection. Surface-Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers the potential for label-free sensing of many chemicals due to its unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. However, the performance of SERS sensing is limited by the plasmonic-active substrates that can provide a high density of hot-spots. We demonstrate an innovative SERS substrates based on photonic crystal biosilica with in-situ synthesized siliver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The three-dimensional hybrid plasmonic-biosilica morphology was obtained by electroless-deposited Ag seeds at the nanoporous diatom surface, which provided high density hot spots for SERS as well as strongly coupled optical resonances with the photonic crystal structure of diatom frustules. We also discovered that the evaporation-induced microscopic flow combined with the strong hydrophilic surface of diatom frustule is capable of concentrating the analyte molecules, which offers a simple yet effective mechanism to accelerate the mass transport into the SERS substrate. Using the inkjet printing technology, we are able to deliver multiple pico-liter volume droplets with pinpoint accuracy into a single diatom frustule, achieving label-free detection of explosive molecules (trinitrotoluene) down to 2.7×10−15 grams, and single molecule detection sensitivity of R6G. Our research illustrates a new paradigm of SERS sensing to detect trace level of chemical compounds from minimum volume of analyte using nature created nanophotonic materials.
Social and emotional support as a protective factor against current depression among individuals with adverse childhood experiences.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders among adults with adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Several studies have well documented the protective role of social support against depression in other populations. However, the impact of perceived social and emotional support (PSES) on current depression in a large community sample of adults with ACE has not been studied yet. This study tests the hypothesis that PSES is a protective factor against current depression among adults with ACE. Data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) involving adults with at least one ACE were used for the purpose of this study (n = 12.487). PSES had three categories: Always, Usually/Sometimes, and Rarely/Never. Current depression, defined based on the responses to the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression scale, was treated as a binary outcome of interest: Present or absent. Logistic regression models were used for the analysis adjusting for all potential confounders. When compared to individuals who reported that they rarely/never received social and emotional support, individuals who reported that they always received were 87% less likely to report current depression (AOR: 0.13 [95% CI: 0.08–0.21]); and those who reported that they usually/sometimes received social and emotional support were 69% less likely to report current depression (AOR: 0.31 [95% CI: 0.20–0.46]). The results of this study highlight the importance of social and emotional support as a protective factor against depression in individuals with ACE. Health care providers should routinely screen for ACE to be able to facilitate the necessary social and emotional support.
Coupled-cluster Green's function: Analysis of properties originating in the exponential parametrization of the ground-state wave function

In this paper we derive basic properties of the Green's-function matrix elements stemming from the exponential coupled-cluster (CC) parametrization of the ground-state wave function. We demonstrate that all intermediates used to express the retarded (or, equivalently, ionized) part of the Green's function in the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ representation can be expressed only through connected diagrams. Similar properties are also shared by the first-order $\ensuremath{\omega}$ derivative of the retarded part of the CC Green's function. Moreover, the first-order $\ensuremath{\omega}$ derivative of the CC Green's function can be evaluated analytically. This result can be generalized to any order of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ derivatives. Through the Dyson equation, derivatives of the corresponding CC self-energy operator can be evaluated analytically. In analogy to the CC Green's function, the corresponding CC self-energy operator can be represented by connected terms. Our analysis can easily be generalized to the advanced part of the CC Green's function.
Monte Carlo simulations of polycrystalline ferroelectrics: Effects of electric field and grain size on dynamic electric polarization

Abstract The present work incorporates a two dimensional Monte Carlo based polycrystalline simulation analysis for ferroelectric thin films. In the two stage process; first, grain growth is simulated via a traditional Q-State Monte Carlo method, taking into account isotropic grain boundary energies. Second, the grain growth results are incorporated within an electric polarization model, combining contributions from a three component Hamiltonian, including the electrostatic potential, nearest neighbor electrical interactions, and electrostatic energy. Among other findings, the results suggest a strong correlation between electric polarization and grain size, particularly at relatively large electric field frequencies.
P288 Causal evidence for frontal cortex organization for perceptual decision-making

Introduction Perceptual decision-making emerges from the orchestrated activity of large patches of cortex. Recent research suggests a central role for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the control of various stages of visual processing, yet we still lack an overarching theory of PFC’s involvement in perception. Objectives Perceptual decision-making is temporally organized such that it requires the processes of selection (stage 1), criterion setting (stage 2), and evaluation (stage 3). We hypothesized that exploring this temporal structure would reveal a large-scale PFC organization for perception, in line with the existence of a similar gradient for cognitive control. More specifically, we hypothesized that the caudal, middle, and anterior parts of the lateral frontal cortex controls selection (stage 1), criterion setting (stage 2), and metacognitive evaluation (stage 3), respectively. Materials and methods We tested this proposal by creating a novel task that combines spatial attention, speed-accuracy manipulation, and confidence ratings (Fig. 1). We then performed a 6-day experiment that included behavioral training with the task (day 1), an fMRI session that allowed us to functionally identify each of the three regions of interest as well as S1, which served as a control region (day 2), and four continuous theta burst (cTBS) sessions (days 3–6) that were designed to provide causal evidence for the role of the three frontal areas in each of the three stages of perception (Fig. 1, N = 17). Results We found clear evidence for a specialization along the rostro-caudal axis such that the control of each successive stage of perceptual decision-making was selectively affected by perturbation of successively more rostral areas (Fig. 2). In addition, we developed a dynamic model of decision-making that provided excellent fit to the data and suggested distinct computational contributions of each region. Finally, the emergent frontal gradient for perceptual decision-making was further corroborated by the pattern of activations during the functional MRI session. Conclusion These causal results provide an organizational principle for the role of frontal cortex in the control of perceptual decision-making and suggest specific mechanistic contributions for its different sub-regions. Download : Download high-res image (261KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (285KB) Download : Download full-size image
Long-term outcomes of children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease.

To assess long-term outcomes of children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease detected at birth. We used Cox regression to assess risk factors for intellectual disability (intelligence quotient 20 or based on ophthalmologist report). Among 76 case-patients followed through median age of 13 (range: 0–27) years, 56 (74%) had SNHL, 31 (43%, n=72) had intellectual disability and 18 (27%, n=66) had vision impairment; 28 (43%, n=65) had intellectual disability and SNHL with/without vision impairment. Microcephaly was significantly associated with each of the three outcomes. Tissue destruction and dysplastic growth on head computed tomography scan at birth was significantly associated with intellectual disability and SNHL. Infants with symptomatic congenital CMV disease may develop moderate to severe impairments that were associated with presence of microcephaly and brain abnormalities.
Electrophysiological Monitoring During Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery

Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) of the central nervous system during surgery to repair aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta (TAA) is an area of significant inquiry due to the substantial incidence of neurological injury with surgery. The incidence of paralysis varies with the surgical, interventional, or hybrid procedure used. It is clear that the risk of perioperative paralysis also varies due to a substantial number of nonsurgical factors, including changes in the vascular perfusion resulting from surgery, the specific patient anatomy, and patient comorbidities. This chapter will review the surgical techniques and the IOM techniques utilized.
High-Yield Lending: It’s Good Until It’s Not

Despite the recent popularity of high-yield lending, surprisingly little has been written exploring the highly bifurcated nature of these investments. In this article, the author focuses on pricing these instruments, exploring the potential risks involved and illuminating some of their complexities and nuances (e.g., tranches of different sizes and different positions in the capital stack; mezz debt, which is really equity; covenant-light versus covenant-heavy loan documents; and whether the high-yield has sufficient liquidity to protect its position). In so doing, the author uses an equilibrium approach in which the cost of indebtedness (1) is tied to the expected return on the asset (which, in turn, is a function of the asset’s risk) and (2) increases geometrically with increases in the project’s loan-to-value ratio. The lender has effectively sold a put option to the non-recourse borrower. As the author notes, it is a daunting challenge to determine whether these intricacies have been fairly priced.
Chapter 28 Expression of immune-related molecules in a murine genetic demyelinating disease

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the expression of immune-related molecules in a murine genetic demyelinating disease. It presents an experiment where the original breeder pairs of twitcher (C57BL/GJ-twi, twi/twi) mice were used. The mutation has been maintained by an interbreeding of known heterozygous mice. The mice were housed in a constant temperature and under a 12-hour lightldark cycle. Food and water were given ad libitum . Genotypes of mice were identified by the assay of the enzyme, galactosylceramidase, using the homogenates of clipped tails on the postnatal days 5-7. Homozygous twitcher (twi/twi) and normal littermate mice (+/+), ages ranging from 10 to 50 days, were used for the study. The results of the study reviewed in the chapter clearly show that significant numbers of Ia + cells were found in the brain of genetic, non-autoimmune, and demyelinating disease twitcher mouse. An emergence of Ia + cells was coincident with early pathological changes of myelin forming cells and the initiation of demyelination, suggesting that the component(s) of degenerating myelin may be a source of autoantigen for the induction of Ia in antigen presenting cells.
Incidence, features, in-hospital outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality associated with toxic megacolon hospitalizations in the United States.

Toxic megacolon (TM) is a potentially fatal condition characterized by non-obstructive colonic dilatation and systemic toxicity. It is most commonly caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Limited data for TM are available demonstrating incidence, in-hospital outcomes and predictors of mortality. We sought to investigate incidence, characteristics, mortality and predictors of mortality associated with it. Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2010 through December 2014. An analysis was performed on SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Patients below 18 years were excluded. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was developed to analyze predictors of mortality. Thus, 8139 (weighted) cases of TM were diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. TM is more prevalent in women (56.4%) than in men (43.6%), with a mean age of onset at 62.4 years, affecting whites (79.7%) more than non-whites. The most common reason for hospital admission included IBD (51.6%) followed by septicemia (10.2%) and intestinal infections (4.1%). Mean length of stay was 9.5 days and overall in-hospital mortality was 7.9%. Other complications included surgical resection of the large intestine (11.5%) and bowel obstruction (10.9%). Higher age, neurological disorder, coagulopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, heart failure, and renal failure were associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality. TM is a serious condition with high in-hospital mortality. Management of TM requires an inter-disciplinary team approach with close monitoring. Patients with positive predictors in our study require special attention to prevent excessive in-hospital mortality.
Arc Length and Line Integrals

Before analyzing the Weingarten map for n-surfaces (n > 1) we shall pause to see how parametrizations of plane curves can be used to evaluate integrals over the curve.
Telehealth awareness in a US urban peritoneal dialysis clinic: From 2018 to 2019

The 2018 Bipartisan Budget Act in the United States extended telehealth access to Medicare beneficiaries who receive home dialysis in which two of three monthly visits in a quarter may be performed by telehealth after three initial face-to-face monthly visits. The originating site (where the patient is located) can be a dialysis unit or the patient's home and without geographic restriction. Patient awareness and interest in this new telehealth benefit in urban patients has not been well characterized. Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment located in an urban facility completed a survey to ascertain knowledge of telehealth and readiness and willingness to participate in telehealth for their monthly visit. A total of 30 patients participated: 37% who completed the survey had heard of telehealth and 40% were able to define telehealth in words and correctly identify an example of telehealth. None of the patients were aware of the 2018 US Bipartisan Budget Act which extended telehealth assess to Medicare beneficiaries. Almost everyone had a mobile phone (83%), owned a computer (50%), and had access to Internet services (90%). The majority of patients (73%) were willing to use telehealth services for their monthly visit with the physician. PD patients living in an urban setting appear to be ready and interested in using telehealth to perform their monthly visit with the physician.
'It's common sense that an individual must eat': Advocating for food justice with people with psychiatric disabilities through photovoice.

Background People with SMI have often been excluded in advocacy efforts focused on physical health, health care and health and social policy. Objective Following a Photovoice project focused on barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in urban neighbourhoods, participant-researchers were invited to present their insights in community advocacy settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and participant-researchers' experience of these community advocacy activities. Design We held four focus groups with the eight participant-researchers after each community advocacy activity to explore their experience with public speaking, presenting their experiences and advocating. Setting and participants People with serious mental illness who were overweight/obese living in supportive housing. Analysis approach Qualitative analysis of the focus group transcripts, using a modified grounded theory approach followed by structured coding focused on empowerment, participation and non-discrimination. Results Participant-researchers gave three oral presentations of their photographs at a variety of community-based programmes and settings and participated in a rally to advocate for SNAP benefits. Two themes emerged from analysis: (a) Empowerment (the level of choice, influence and control that users of mental health services can exercise over events in their lives) and (b) Barriers to Empowerment (obstacles to participation and well-being). Conclusions This evaluation strengthens the evidence that it is feasible for participant-researchers in Photovoice projects to engage in robust advocacy activities, such as presentations and discussions with local policymakers. During focus groups, participant-researchers demonstrated realistic optimism towards their roles as change agents and influencers in spite of acknowledged systemic barriers.
Theoretical models of diffusion-attenuated magnetic resonance signal in biological tissues

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a very important role in studying biological tissue cellular structure and functioning both in health and disease. Proper interpretation of experimental data requires the development of theoretical models that connect the diffusion MRI signal to salient features of tissue microstructure at the cellular level. In this short review, we present some theoretical approaches to describing diffusion-attenuated magnetic resonance signals. These range from the models based on statistical properties of water molecules diffusing in the tissue- cellular environment, to models allowing exact analytical calculation of the magnetic resonance signal in a specific single-compartment environment. Such theoretical analysis gives important insights into mechanisms contributing to the formation of diffusion magnetic resonance signal and its connection to biological tissue cellular structure.