cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent aberrant cortical phase-amplitude coupling following seizure treatment in absence epilepsy models.

Key points In two monogenic models of absence epilepsy, interictal beta/gamma power is augmented in homozygous stargazer (stg/stg) but not homozygous tottering (tg/tg) mice. There are distinct gene-linked patterns of aberrant phase-amplitude coupling in the interictal EEG of both stg/stg and tg/tg mice, compared to +/+ and stg/+ mice. Treatment with ethosuximide significantly blocks seizures in both genotypes, but the abnormal phase-amplitude coupling remains. Seizure-free stg/+ mice have normal power and phase-amplitude coupling, but beta/gamma power is significantly reduced with NMDA receptor blockade, revealing a latent cortical network phenotype that is separable from, and therefore not a result of, seizures. Altogether, these findings reveal gene-linked quantitative electrographic biomarkers free from epileptiform activity, and provide a potential network correlate for persistent cognitive deficits in absence epilepsy despite effective treatment. Abstract In childhood absence epilepsy, cortical seizures are brief and intermittent; however there are extended periods without behavioural or electrographic ictal events. This genetic disorder is associated with variable degrees of cognitive dysfunction, but no consistent functional biomarkers that might provide insight into interictal cortical function have been described. Previous work in monogenic mouse models of absence epilepsy have shown that the interictal EEG displays augmented beta/gamma power in homozygous stargazer (stg/stg) mice bearing a presynaptic AMPA receptor defect, but not homozygous tottering (tg/tg) mice with a P/Q type calcium channel mutation. To further evaluate the interictal EEG, we quantified phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in stg/stg, stg/+, tg/tg and wild-type (+/+) mice. We found distinct gene-linked patterns of aberrant PAC in stg/stg and tg/tg mice compared to +/+ and stg/+ mice. Treatment with ethosuximide significantly blocks seizures in both stg/stg and tg/tg, but the abnormal PAC remains. Stg/+ mice are seizure free with normal baseline beta/gamma power and normal theta-gamma PAC, but like stg/stg mice, beta/gamma power is significantly reduced by NMDA receptor blockade, a treatment that paradoxically enhances seizures in stg/stg mice. Stg/+ mice, therefore, have a latent cortical network phenotype that is veiled by NMDA-mediated neurotransmission. Altogether, these findings reveal gene-linked quantitative electrographic biomarkers in the absence of epileptiform activity and provide a potential network correlate for persistent cognitive deficits in absence epilepsy despite effective treatment.
Induction of Hematopoietic Tumors Using a Viral Construct Containing c-myc cDNA from Normal Mouse Spleen

Deregulated expression of the c-myc protooncogene is assumed to be a major contributing factor to the development of plasmacytomas in pristane-primed BALB/c mice (reviewed in Potter, 1986) and murine T cell lymphomas induced by AKR and Moloney murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) (Steffen 1984, Selden et al. 1984, Li et al. 1 984, Corcoran et al. 1984). Studies on the c-myc expression in plasmacytomas suggest that myc can be deregulated by a variety of mechanisms. These include stabilization of the myc message due to an altered transcriptional unit (Piechaczyk et a1. 1985), removal of cis-acting regulatory sequences (Yang et al. 1985) and augmentation of transcriptional activity resulting from apposed IgH enhancer sequences (Corcoran, 1985). These studies provide substantial inferential support for the view that aberrant expression of myc is central to the trarisformation of murine plasma cells and T cells but direct evidence to buttress this argument has been lacking. Efforts to develop this evidence have taken several complementary directions, all resulting in abnormally high levels of myc expression in somatic cells. These include the development of transgenic mice with murine or human c-myc genes driven by selected promoter/enhancer sequences (Stewart et al. 1 984; Adams et al. 1986) or infection of mice with recombinant murine retroviruses containing avian v-myc genes (Morse et al. 1986; Potter et al. 1986). The avian v-myc genes are known to contain numerous coding region mutations in comparison to normal avian c-myc sequences and also differ from normal murine c-myc genes (Papas and Lautenberger 1985). Since sequence differences among avian v-myc genes appear to contribute to variations in their oncogenic potentials (Enrietto et al. 1984), we wished to determine if overexpression of a normal murine c-myc gene in mice would result in the development of tumors. This report describes the features of two new recombinant murine retroviruses containing normal mouse c-myc coding sequences and the results obtained when pseudotypes of these viruses were used to infect adult, pristane-primed BALB/c mice.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease in children. Despite good skin care and trigger avoidance, many children with AD require pharmacologic treatment to manage their disease. In recent years, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) have been used as an alternative to topical corticosteroids to treat some children with AD. However, revisions to the US labeling for TCIs (i.e. a boxed warning and a medication guide) have generated concern among pediatricians regarding TCI safety and raised questions about the appropriate use of TCIs in the pediatric population. Data from several well designed studies support the efficacy of TCIs in the treatment of AD. Safety concerns arise from a small number of reported malignancies, animal toxicology studies, and the potential adverse effects (including immunosuppression and risk of lymphoma) observed in patients who received systemically administered calcineurin inhibitors for suppression of solid-organ transplant rejection. Several factors indicate that these effects do not occur with topical administration: (i) systemic levels following topical administration are at least 10-fold lower than with oral administration; (ii) the small number of lymphomas reported to date in persons exposed to TCI use are not consistent with the types seen in transplant patients or other immunosuppressed patients; and (iii) no adverse effects on the immune system (as assessed by measures including vaccination response and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction) have been observed in clinical trials of TCIs in children with AD. Overall, TCIs have an established safety and efficacy profile as long-term maintenance therapy in children with AD.
STUDIES ON 2-METHYL-3-(2,4,5-TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)ALANINE, THE “6-HYDROXY ANALOG” OF α-METHYLDOPA

In order to investigate the possible metabolic aromatic hydroxylation of the antihypertensive agent (S)-α-methyldopa, we have synthesized, resolved and established the absolute configuration of 6-hydroxy-α-methyldopa. With the aid of this compound, 6-hydroxy-α-methyldopamine, 6-hydroxy-α-methylnorepinephrine, and their corresponding deuterium labeled analogs, metabolic studies on brain tissues and urine samples obtained from drug treated rats have been carried out. Preliminary results on the hemodynamic effects of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the title compound also are reported.
Systemic lupus erythematosus-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: Presentation and treatment depend on prior thymectomy

In this study, we investigated four patients who met the diagnostic criteria for overlapping systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and myasthenia gravis (MG) but responded differently to treatment. All patients were acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and antinuclear antibody positive at the time of SLE diagnosis. Two patients presented with SLE who have been effectively treated with cholinesterase inhibitors for MG. These patients developed SLE with photosensitivity, rash, and arthritis post thymectomy, which had been performed 29 years and 40 years earlier, respectively. Two other patients were found to have AChR antibodies and MG in the context on new-onset SLE. These subjects were responsive to hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppression but failed cholinesterase inhibitors. The evolution of these cases is relevant for the role of thymus in lupus pathogenesis during aging and for treatment selection in SLE-MG overlap patients.
URPE, Radical Political Economics, Social Movements, and Revolution—From Identity Politics to Solidarity Economics: Looking Backward, Looking Forward on the Occasion of URPE’s Fiftieth Anniversary

This article traces the shift from the identity politics of the early worker, feminist, and antiracist movements to the solidarity politics embodied in a movement of movements, to the emergence of ...
Abstract 656: High resolution metabolomics of aspirin treatment in colon tissue and adenoma risk: Results from a randomized clinical trial

Although substantial evidence from cell and animal studies, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials supports the chemopreventive effects of aspirin, especially for colorectal cancer, the molecular mechanisms are uncertain. Aspirin incorporates two bioactive components in one molecule, a reactive acetyl moiety and a salicylate group, and is well known for its pleotropic effects. Its best-characterized pharmacologic activity is the irreversible acetylation of the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). However, there is evidence for numerous COX-independent mechanisms that could also modify colorectal carcinogenesis. This study applied an untargeted, discovery-based approach (metabolomics) to elucidate the effects of aspirin on low molecular weight molecules in human colon tissue and assess their impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. We utilized normal mucosal tissue biopsies collected at colonoscopy after about 3 years of treatment from a sub-set of N=325 participants in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin (81 or 325 mg/day) for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. The global metabolic effects of aspirin were assessed using a high-resolution Thermo Fusion mass spectrometer coupled with dual chromatography and dual ionization (HILIC positive and C18 negative electrospray ionization). Multivariable linear regression was used to identify metabolic features associated with aspirin treatment adjusting for age, sex and race. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess associations with adenoma outcomes of metabolic features associated with aspirin treatment. Products of aspirin metabolism (salicylate, salicyluric acid) were identified and statistically significantly increased in post treatment compared to baseline plasma samples confirming aspirin treatment status. After quality control exclusions, N=4,879 and N=5,390 features were included in analyses from the C18 and HILIC columns, respectively, of which N=244 and N=222 were associated with aspirin treatment at a raw P Citation Format: Elizabeth L. Barry, Karan Uppal, Chunyu Ma, Dean P. Jones, John A. Baron, Veronika Fedirko. High resolution metabolomics of aspirin treatment in colon tissue and adenoma risk: Results from a randomized clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 656.
An unusual cause of bruising.

A 61-year-old woman presented to our hematology clinic for evaluation of multiple episodes of bruising. The first episode occurred 8 months earlier, when she developed a large bruise after water skiing. Two months before coming to us, she went to her local emergency room because of new bruising and
MTDES: Multi-dimensional Temporal Data Exploration System; Strong Support for Exploratory Analysis Award in VAST 2018, Mini-Challenge 2

This work proposes a visual analytic solution which is well-designed to provide investigative functions with fluent interactions to analyze multi-dimensional temporal data. The solution allows users to view different dimensions of the data at different levels of details with a well-designed mixture of different visualizations and smooth interactions. At the general/overview level, various aggregation strategies are used to reduce data to be visualized, and different sorting procedures are used to cluster correlated data together to help discover patterns. Detail views are provided to explore and confirm/reject the identified patterns. Interaction and smooth transition between views are implemented to enable natural actions while performing analysis tasks. This work also presents the result of applying the solution to the VAST 2018 - Mini-Challenge (MC) 2 dataset, which led to the Strong Support for Exploratory Analysis award for the challenge.
What’s in a Word? Detecting Partisan Affiliation from Word Use in Congressional Speeches

Politics is an area of broad interest to policy-makers, researchers, and the general public. The recent explosion in the availability of electronic data and advances in data analysis methods – including techniques from machine learning – have led to many studies attempting to extract political insight from this data. Speeches in the U.S. Congress represent an exceptionally rich dataset for this purpose, and these have been analyzed by many researchers using statistical and machine learning methods. In this paper, we analyze House of Representatives floor speeches from the 1981 - 2016 period, with the goal of inferring the partisan affiliation of the speakers from their use of words. Previous studies with sophisticated machine learning models has suggested that this task can be accomplished with an accuracy in the 55 to 80% range, depending on the year. In this paper, we show that, in fact, very comparable results can be obtained using a much simpler linear classifier in word space, indicating that the use of words in partisan ways is not particularly complicated. Our results also confirm that, over the period of study, it has become steadily easier to infer partisan affiliation from political speeches in the United States. Finally, we make some observations about specific terms that Republicans and Democrats have favored over the years in service of partisan expression.
Numerical study of evaporation assisted hybrid cooling for thermal powerplant application

Abstract. This paper describes a numerical study of the effect of evaporative cooling on forced convective heat transfer in a system experiencing combined heat and mass transport. A multi-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to conduct simulations over a range of operating parameters to acquire insight into the dual mode cooling where convective heat transfer is augmented by evaporative heat and mass transfer process. The system being modeled consists of a thin liquid water film that undergoes evaporation as a result of being exposed to a prescribed heat flux and laminar convective flow condition. Predictions from the simulations indicate that in comparison to pure forced convection cooling, under convective-evaporative hybrid cooling conditions the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased by a factor of ~4 to 5, where evaporation alone contributes to 80−90% of the overall performance. A critical Reynolds number has been found beyond which no significant enhancement in the overall heat transfer is observed. Numerical results also identify a critical film thickness beyond which the thermal inertia across the liquid film becomes dominant and starts to suppress the overall heat transfer process. System size requirements and water consumption of hybrid cooling for power plant applications are compared with conventional water, and air- cooled systems and was found to be significantly lower.
The impacts of the U.S.–China trade war

The trade war has received an enormous amount of attention. Its impacts today have been limited because the U.S. and China have been a bit restrained. Lots of firms have gotten exceptions to these tariffs and there have been lots of delays in their full implementation. It’s also been the case that U.S. firms have been delaying making adjustments to their global value chains. What has been striking is that the impact of tariffs on U.S. prices has been one-for-one. These tariffs are unlikely to have a significant impact on manufacturing employment in the United States: the job loss that we observed as a consequence of import competition from China came primarily from factory closure, furthermore U.S. tariffs didn’t target all U.S. imports. They targeted imports from China. Looking forward, to the extent the trade war is dampening GDP growth in China, itcould happen political consequences at home. As for us, this is a defining moment in which we’re going to see whether the U.S. is willing to maintain its commitments to more open borders.
Clinical Mimics: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Review of Influenza Mimics.

Abstract Background Influenza viruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Given the wide range of symptoms, emergency physicians must maintain a broad differential diagnosis in the evaluation and treatment of patients presenting with influenza-like illnesses. Objective This review addresses objective and subjective symptoms commonly associated with influenza and discusses important mimics of influenza viruses, while offering a practical approach to their clinical evaluation and treatment. Discussion Influenza-like symptoms are common in the emergency department (ED), and influenza accounts for > 200,000 hospitalizations annually. The three predominant types are A, B, and C, and these viruses are commonly transmitted through aerosolized viral particles with a wide range of symptoms. The most reliable means of identifying influenza in the ED is rapid antigen detection, although consideration of local prevalence is required. High-risk populations include children younger than 4 years, adults older than 50 years, adults with immunosuppression or chronic comorbidities, pregnancy, obesity, residents of long-term care facilities, and several others. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors in these populations. However, up to 70% of patients with these symptoms may have a mimic. These mimics include infectious and noninfectious sources. The emergency physician must be aware of life-threatening mimics and assess for these conditions while beginning resuscitation and treatment. Conclusions The wide range of symptoms associated with influenza overlap with several life-threatening conditions. Emergency physicians must be able to rapidly identify patients at risk for complications and those who require immediate resuscitation.
Foreign Relations Between Mexico and the United States in the Nineteenth Century, 1821-1910

This article received the 2019 PROFMEX (Consortium for Research on Mexico) Award for New Interpretation of U.S.-Mexican Relations. It is a translated and revised version of a book chapter in Patricia Galeana et al., Historia binacional Mexico-Estados Unidos (INEHRM-Siglo XXI, 2018). The essay examines the relationship between Mexico and the United States from 1821 to 1910 by focusing on key sources of international tension. Traditional historiography has oversimplified this era, portraying it as one of monolithic U.S. domination, Mexican victimhood, and periodic warfare interspersed with political conflict. Yet the crises studied here show continual cooperation and the development of dispute-resolution mechanisms, such as reclamation panels and joint adjudications over bancos (riverine islands). The nineteenth century was in fact characterized by complex dealings and skilled diplomacy on both sides, in which neither country was consistently a unilateral actor, and has left a legacy of binational collaboration and institutions.
Abstract P334: Sympathetically Mediated Alpha-1 Adrenoceptor Regulation of the NCC During High Salt Intake: A New Therapeutic Target for Resistant Hypertension

Aim: We hypothesize that excess norepinephrine (NE) modulates NCC activity via an α1 adrenoceptor pathway to drive the development of salt-sensitive hypertension (HTN). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley...
Quantum K theory of symplectic Grassmannians

In this paper we discuss physical derivations of the quantum K theory rings of symplectic Grassmannians. We compare to standard presentations in terms of Schubert cycles, but most of our work revolves around a proposed description in terms of two other bases, involving shifted Wilson lines and lambda_y classes, which are motivated by and amenable to physics, and which we also provide for ordinary Grassmannians.
Bile Acid Signaling in Neurodegenerative and Neurological Disorders

Bile acids are commonly known as digestive agents for lipids. The mechanisms of bile acids in the gastrointestinal track during normal physiological conditions as well as hepatic and cholestatic diseases have been well studied. Bile acids additionally serve as ligands for signaling molecules such as nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor and membrane-bound receptors, Takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2. Recent studies have shown that bile acid signaling may also have a prevalent role in the central nervous system. Some bile acids, such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, have shown neuroprotective potential in experimental animal models and clinical studies of many neurological conditions. Alterations in bile acid metabolism have been discovered as potential biomarkers for prognosis tools as well as the expression of various bile acid receptors in multiple neurological ailments. This review explores the findings of recent studies highlighting bile acid-mediated therapies and bile acid-mediated signaling and the roles they play in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.
Music in the post -9/11 world

Foreword, Gage Averill Introduction, J. Martin Daughtry Part One: Music, the United States, and the Mass Media After 9/11 1. Pop Goes to War, 2001-2004: U.S. Popular Music After 9/11 Reebee Garofalo 2. "America: A Tribute to Heroes": Music, Mourning, and the Unified American Community Kip Pegley and Susan Fast 3. The Sounds of American and Canadian Television News After 9/11: Entoning Horror and Grief, Fear and Anger James Deaville 4. Models of Charity and Spirit: Bruce Springsteen, 9/11, and the War on Terror Bryan Garman 5. Double Voices of Musical Censorship after 9/11 Martin Scherzinger 6. "Have you forgotten?": Darryl Worley and the Musical Politics of Operation Iraqi Freedom Peter Schmelz 7. For alle Menschen? Classical Music and Remembrance After 9/11 Peter Tregear Part Two: Music and 9/11 Beyond the United States 8. Terror in an Andean Key: Peasant Cosmopolitans Interpret 9/11 Jonathan Ritter 9. Exploding Myths in Morocco and Senegal: Sufis Making Music After 9/11 Larry Blumenfeld 10. Corridos of 9/11: Mexican Ballads in Commemorative Practice John McDowell 11. "I'll tell you why we hate you!" Sha'ban 'Abd al-Rahim and Middle Eastern Reactions to 9/11 James Grippo 12. 9/11 and the Politics of Music-Making in Afghanistan Veronica Doubleday
Trauma, Social Work, and Psychodrama

The history and principles of trauma-informed practice in social work are presented while differentiating trauma-informed and trauma-focused practices. The practice of trauma-focused group therapy and trauma-focused psychodrama is outlined while acknowledging the recent calls for increased trauma content in graduate curriculums. Safety, play, and spontaneity are elevated as core elements in psychodrama’s effectiveness in working with trauma survivors. Psychodrama’s unique capacity for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is presented while outlining two trauma-focused psychodrama models—the Therapeutic Spiral Model and the Relational Trauma Repair Model.
The Current Landscape of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viruses as Novel Therapies for Brain Malignancies

Despite advances in surgical resection and chemoradiation, high-grade brain tumors continue to be associated with significant morbidity/mortality. Novel therapeutic strategies and approaches are, therefore, desperately needed for patients and their families. Given the success experienced in treating multiple other forms of cancer, immunotherapy and, in particular, immunovirotherapy are at the forefront amongst novel therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for incurable brain tumors. Accordingly, herein, we provide a focused mini review of pertinent oncolytic herpes viruses (oHSV) that are being investigated in clinical trials.
Extracting functional requirements from design documentation using machine learning

Abstract Good design practice and digital tools have enabled industry to produce valuable products. Early-stage design research involves rigorous background study of large volumes of design documentation which designers must analyze manually, to extract functional requirements which are abstracted and prioritized to guide a design. Recent advances in Machine Learning, specifically Natural Language Processing (NLP), can be applied to enhance the time-consuming and difficult practice of the human designer by performing tasks such as extracting functional requirements from long-form written documentation. This work demonstrates how extractive question-answering by neural networks can be applied to design as a tool for automating this initial step in the design process. We applied the language model BERT, fine-tuned on question-answering, to identify functional requirements in written documentation. Limitations due to wording sensitivity are discussed and an outline for training a design-specific model is discussed with a MEMS product design case. This work presents how this application of AI to design could enhance the work of human designers using the power of computing, which will open the door for learning from big data of past product designs by allowing machines to “read” them.
The Behavior of Processes with Statistical Mechanical Properties

Ever since Spitzer’s famous paper in 1970, there has been interest in a class of Markov processes which have as time-reversible stationary measures certain special distributions from the theory of statistical mechanics. The state space for these processes is \( \Xi = {\{ - 1, + 1\}^{{{Z^d}}}} \), which is the space of conf igurations of + and — spins on the sites of the lattice Z d . Transitions occur when there is a “flip” at a site x ∈ Z d, or in other words, a change of sign in the spin at x. The probability that a flip occurs at x in a short time interval (t, t + h], given the history of the process up to time t, is cx(ξt)h + o(h), where ξt is the state of the process at time t, and cx is a nonnegative function defined on =, called the flip rate at x. Simultaneous flips at two different sites do not occur. A system of Markov processes with this description, me process for each possible initial state, is often called a “spin-flip system” with rates {cx}. Spitzer pointed out that for certain kinds of interaction potentials commonly used in statistical mechanics, one can always find a set of rates {cx} such that the corresponding spin-flip system has as time-reversible equilibria the Gibbs states that correspond to the interaction potential. (Spitzer’s results required a certain uniqueness hypothesis that was later verified for a large class of systems by Liggett (1972).)
Nonvascular contractile cells in sclera and choroid of humans and monkeys

Purpose To investigate by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry the distribution and innervation of nonvascular contractile cells in the sclera and choroid of humans and monkeys. Methods Globes were obtained from 2 macaque monkeys and 19 human cadavers that ranged in age from fetal life to 94 years. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibody against human smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)- diaphorase reaction was used as a marker for nitric oxide synthase. Results The scleras of all but fetal, newborn, and infant globes exhibited myofibroblasts, amelanotic, fibroblastlike cells having SM alpha-actin immunoreactivity. In the choroid of all but fetal eyes, SM cells were present in the suprachoroidal layer, forming a reticulum of flattened laminae, and in the choriocapillaris where ovoid-to-spindle-shaped SM cells were arrayed in parallel layers immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane. Contractile cells in the sclera and choroid were most concentrated subfoveally and were sparse anteriorly. Nerve terminals positive for NADPH- diaphorase were colocalized with SM alpha-actin-positive cells in the sclera and choroid, whereas TH-positive nerve terminals colocalized with SM cells in the choroid. Clusters of ganglion cells were present on the posterior surface of globes near SM cells. Conclusions The posterior choroid and sclera of humans and monkeys contain nonvascular contractile cells. The presence of nerve terminals and adjacent ganglion cells suggests neural control of these contractile cells. The absence of such contractile cells in fetal, newborn, and infant eyes is an argument against a major role of these cells in promoting ocular enlargement. These contractile cells may instead participate in regulation of refractive state by maintenance of ocular size in the face of intraocular pressure or in intermediate-term regulation of choroidal thickness.
Simultaneous O and Al diffusion in the combustion of sub-micron aluminium drops

We examine the problem of sub-micron aluminium drop combustion when both O diffusion and Al diffusion occur. During the unsteady evolution of the combustion field the oxide that is generated has the form of a shell whose inner surface encloses an aluminium bath and whose outer surface is exposed to an air bath. The diffusing atoms can react at these surface baths and also, in principle, between themselves in the interior of the oxide. However, the mass concentrations of the atoms are small so that the interior collisions necessary for this reaction are negligible.With this important simplification we are able to define a model that leads to an analytical discussion. For small Damkohler numbers (of which there are two, one defined by the O atoms the other by the Al atoms) the relative values of the bath reaction rates determine the proportion of oxide accretion on the outer surface to accretion on the inner surface. For large Damkohler numbers the relative values of the diffusion coefficients play the same...
INTERACTION OF CELLS WITH IMMUNE COMPLEXES: ADHERENCE, RELEASE OF CONSTITUENTS, AND TISSUE INJURY

Neutrophils are essential mediators of tissue damage in many forms of immune complex-induced injury. In vitro, they have been shown to release some of their content of injurious constituents upon reaction with immune complexes (Fig. 10). If the complexes are distributed along a nonphagocytosable surface, degranulation to the exterior of the cell is observed. When the complexes were phagocytized, however, degranulation into the phagocytic vacuole, and some loss of enzymes into the surrounding medium, occurred. This may have resulted from a momentary opening of the vacuole to allow ingestion of additional particles, as was demonstrated with the electron microscope. This phenomenon was particularly noticeable when the particles were relatively large. Far more immune complex is required to induce release when in a phagocytosable form than when on a nonphagocytosable membrane. Neutrophils may be attracted to sites of immune complex deposition in many parts of the body (arteries, heart, skin, brain, kidney, joints) by complement-mediated processes. In some situations, e.g. in the joint fluid, they would encounter free immune complexes, phagocytose them, and release enzymes. In many others, in which immune complexes may be distributed along surfaces, such as in the glomerulus, adherence of neutrophils may also lead to release of injurious constituents (proteases, collagenase, elastase, permeability factors) capable of digesting and injuring the tissues.
The Role of Intangible Capital in Explaining Wage Inequality Between Skilled and Unskilled Workers

Abstract Trade liberalization and technological improvement have made the movement of intangible capital feasible. Once the accumulated tangible capital reaches a certain level, its lower unit cost will attract the inflow of intangible capital, which will demand higher-skilled-workers. This paper analyzes the role of intangible capital in raising the wages for skilled workers in both developed and developing countries. Drawing on the outsource model by Feenstra, we develop an expanded model with four rather than three inputs: skilled and unskilled labour, and tangible and intangible capital. A production function, a long-run cost function, and a unit-cost function for the final good are derived to illustrate theoretically that the flow of intangible capital can be one source of the wage inequality for both developing and developed countries.
Team engineering analysis and modeling: toward a normative model of team interaction

The TEAM (Team Engineering Analysis and Modeling) research project advocates a competence-centered approach to modeling the interaction among members of engineering design teams. The authors describe the first phase of research: empirical analysis of team member interactions. Comments and responses from an electronic design review system were analyzed to describe message design and participants' interaction. This modeling effort will form the basis for knowledge-based tools to support consensus management in engineering design teams. >
Obesity: Sources and management

A large variety of new approaches to the treatment of obesity are now available. Assignment of patients to proper treatment is becoming a more complex problem.
Verification and Validation Integrated within Processes Using Model-Based Design

Verification and Validation have always been a key part of the process for producing embedded control systems. With the advent of Model-Based Design as an alternative method for generating embedded software, the need for verification and validation remains and, up to the present, conventional approaches for doing verification and validation have largely been followed. However, conventional and new techniques fully integrated into Model-Based Design have the potential for greater returns, and will be presented in this paper.
Laser-induced fluorescence studies of water processed by a reverse osmosis purification unit

A UV (266 nm) laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system with high sensitivity has been used to record fluorescent spectra (300 nm - 700 nm) of various water samples, such as distilled, tap and river water. Large fluorescence peaks corresponding to the fluorescence of Dissolved Organic Compounds (DOCs) were observed in river samples. Significant differences in spectra between different brands of drinking and distilled bottled water were also observed. The LIF system is currently used to measure the trace species in water processed by Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU). Initial spectra of the input and output water are presented.
Use of acoustic classification of sidescan sonar data for mapping benthic habitat in the Northern Channel Islands, California

Highly reflective seafloor features imaged by sidescan sonar in nearshore waters off the Northern Channel Islands (California, USA) have been observed in subsequent submersible dives to be areas of thin sand covering bedrock. Adjacent areas of rocky seafloor, suitable as habitat for endangered species of abalone and rockfish, and encrusting organisms, cannot be differentiated from the areas of thin sand on the basis of acoustic backscatter (i.e. grey level) alone. We found second-order textural analysis of sidescan sonar data useful to differentiate the bottom types where data is not degraded by near-range distortion (caused by slant-range and ground-range corrections), and where data is not degraded by far-range signal attenuation. Hand editing based on submersible observations is necessary to completely convert the sidescan sonar image to a bottom character classification map suitable for habitat mapping.
When Colossus and Xactimate are not exact: how computerized claims adjusting software has not changed the landscape of insurance litigation

The insurance claim adjusting process – the process by which an insurance company decides how much it will pay on a claim – is moving from a pen-and-paper task to a computer automated system. Computerized claims adjusting software is very efficient, but is not very transparent, and this mystifying process has created new legal concerns among plaintiffs' lawyers and claims adjusters. This article demonstrates how traditional legal claims can be strengthened by this move to a computerized regime. Rather than trying to find inventive new claims or procedures for bringing their claims, potential plaintiffs should look to the ways in which an automated system can improve their claims for bad faith insurance adjusting or unfair trade practices. Although many insurance companies have begun using the same adjusting software, plaintiffs' claims are not appropriate for an antitrust action and cannot be brought as a class action. Although technology has made this seem like a modern problem, this article finds that established law is well suited to handle plaintiffs' complaints.
Characterization of some denture cleansers

1. From comparison of calculated reaction times for homogeneous H2O2 aqueous decomposition containing alkali to the measured rates of H2O2 dissociation in the cleanser systems, it is apparent that the cleansers are further catalyzed either heterogeneously and/or homogeneously. Long-term O2 measurements indicate cleansers with O2 concentrations similar in magnitude to concentrations observed at early times. First-order reaction times, as well as the high solubility of O2 in water, can explain these high long-term O2 concentrations. 2. The process of catalyzing the H2O2 to O2 varies with cleanser product. Cleansers like Efferdent, Polident, and Kleenite exhibit high H2O2 concentration changes and high O2, suggesting the decomposition of H2O2 to O2. DOC exhibits high H2O2 concentration changes and low O2, suggesting the H2O2 decomposition via the perhydroxyl ion, HO2-. 3. The CO2-H2O system contributes to the aqueous chemistry of the slightly basic cleansers of Efferdent and Polident. Measured CO2 concentrations of these cleansers were high in comparison to the more basic cleansers of Kleenite and DOC. 4. Differentiation of the cleansers were made in terms of the Cl- concentration. Kleenite exhibited Cl- concentrations at least 10(2) times the concentrations found in Efferdent and Polident.
EXACTLY SOLUBLE MODEL OF A METAL WITH RANDOM SCATTERING CENTERS

We describe a “backward scattering” model in which an electron of wavevector k can be scattered only to − k, by means of a random matrix element v(k). Many observables, including density of states and heat capacity, can be calculated exactly in this model for arbitrary probability distribution P(v) of the random potentials. We apply it to superconductivity, where this scattering supplies a “pair breaking” mechanism. There, we calculate the decrease of Tc with the strength of the disorder potential 〈|v(k)|〉, and determine the manner in which Tc→0 with increasing disorder.
Liquid crystal reorientation induced by aptamer conformational changes.

Aptamer-ligand binding events, involving small molecule targets, at a surfactant-laden aqueous/liquid crystal (LC) interface were found to trigger a LC reorientation that can be observed in real-time using polarized light. The response was both sensitive and selective: reorientation was observed at target concentrations on the order of the aptamer dissociation constant, but no response was observed in control experiments with target analogues. Circular dichroism and resonance energy transfer experiments suggested that the LC reorientation was due to a conformational change of the aptamer upon target binding. Specifically, under conditions where aptamer-ligand binding induced a conformational change from a relaxed random coil to more intricate secondary structures (e.g., double helix, G-quadruplex), a transition from planar to homeotropic LC orientation was observed. These observations suggest the potential for a label-free LC-based detection system that can simultaneously respond to the presence of both s...
EFFECTS OF ANTICONVULSANTS ON CALCIUM METABOLISM IN THE CHICK

Hypocalcemia and rickets occasionally complicate chronic therapy with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and phenobarbital (PB). Inactivation of calciferol (D3) metabolites by drug-induced hepatic enzymes is thought to be responsible. Since PB, DPH, and in particular D3 intakes are variable in human subjects, an animal model is desirable for systematic study of this phenomenon. We have reported hypocalcemia and rickets in chicks given DPH. The present study compared the effects of PB to those of DPH. Cockerels were fed a D3-free diet to which PB was added at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 gm per kg. At each PB intake, chicks received 10 or 20 I.U. of D3 orally every three days. Controls got 0, 10, or 20 I.U. of D3 without PB. After 35 days, duodenal Ca45 absorption was measured in vivo, and mucosal samples were analyzed for calcium binding protein (CaBP). Serum calcium concentration and the ash/fat-free dry ratio of bone samples were also determined. Ca45 absorption, CaBP, serum Ca, and bone ash/dry ratio all varied in direct proportion to D3 and in inverse proportion to PB ingested. The results paralleled those previously found for DPH. These findings indicate that the chick is a useful model, for the study of drug effects on calcium metabolism.
STOCHASTIC ARRANGEMENT INEQUALITIES FOR SOME SYSTEMS WITH HAZARD-RATE ORDERED COMPONENTS

Using an arrangement monotonicity property of the parametrized family of hazard rate ordered random variables, and a bivariate characterization of the hazard rate ordering, we obtain some new stochastic arrangement inequalities for the random variables that are hazard rate ordered. Some applications of optimal allocation and assembly are also discussed.
Aging and Working Memory Inside and Outside the Focus of Attention: Dissociations of Availability and Accessibility

Two experiments used the N-Back task to test for age differences in working memory inside and outside the focus of attention. Manipulations of the difficulty of item-context binding (Experiment 1) and of stimulus feature binding (Experiment 2) were used to create conditions that varied in their demand on working memory, with the expectation that greater demand might increase age differences in focus-switching costs and the search rate outside the focus of attention. Results showed, however, that although age differences were evident in measures of overall speed and accuracy, and the manipulations significantly affected response times and accuracy in the expected direction, the experimental manipulations had no impact on age differences. Findings instead pointed to age-related reductions in accuracy but not speed of focus-switching and search outside the focus of attention. Thus, age-related deficits appear to involve the availability of representations in working memory, but not their accessibility.
A mechanism for the control of patch size in mammalian cell DNA excision repair

The hypothesis is suggested that size of the region excised in repair of UV-induced damage in mammalian cell is determined by the occurrence at random of a recognition sequence which terminates this excision process. The statistics of first occurrence times for a specific nucleotide sequence in a random chain are derived and shown to lead to an approximately random distribution of sizes around the average. The heterogeneity in sizes arising from a model are shown not to conflict with existing measurements. A sequence of length three or four is sufficient to account for the measured average size.
Shifting the gaze: Colonial and postcolonial portraits of the zenana in Hindi and Euro-American cinema

This article will examine depictions of the zenana and pardah in Hindi and Euro-American cinema. The zenana was the ‘women's courts’ or ‘female quarters of the palace’ in Indian princely states where aristocratic and royal women, as well as their attendants, lived behind pardah (literally translating as the ‘veil’ or ‘curtain’) in partial seclusion. Until India's Independence, there were between five and six hundred semi-autonomous kingdoms or princely states of varying religious (Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist and Sikh) and ethnic backgrounds; many of which had their own zenana courts. Early twentieth-century Bombay film houses were influenced by regional cinematic traditions, which themselves had adapted the courtly culture of nautch dance and music associated with zenana courts. In certain cases, Hindi films were shot in the palaces of former princely states and were produced and directed by princely scions. In the decades following Independence, films such as Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Pakeezah (1972) and Umrao J...
Quality Evaluation of Pinto Beans and Green Beans Canned in Two Large Reusable Containers

ABSTRACT: As an alternative to standard metal cans, 2 large-scale, reusable containers were constructed with volumetric capacities 3.6 to 3.8 times greater and process times 1.36 to 2.05 times longer than a nr 10 can. Effects of increased process time on product quality were measured by conducting objective color and texture evaluations on green beans and pinto beans canned in both containers. Green beans and pinto beans had comparable texture profiles to beans processed conventionally in nr 10 cans. The color of green beans also was comparable; the color of pinto beans was darker, possibly due to contact with the metal container. Color and texture differences were minimal between inner and outer product layers.
Some results on the Gamma function and other hypertranscendental functions

This paper deals with conditions which guarantee that a meromorphic function on the plane cannot satisfy any algebraic differential equation having coefficients in a given field of meromorphic functions. Some of the conditions are of growth type, while others depend on a representation for the function.
Size-exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry of low molecular weight resins used as varnishes for paintings

Synthetic low molecular weight resins have found wide application as varnishes for paintings in the field of art conservation because of their excellent optical characteristics and chemical stability. Traditional natural varnish media, such as dammar and mastic, have excellent optical characteristics, but are chemically unstable and may become difficult to remove upon aging. Many synthetic polymeric materials used as varnishes have excellent chemical stability, but poor optical characteristics. The current study presents data on the molecular weight distributions and glass transition temperatures of low molecular weight resins, as well as data on changes in their molecular weight distributions during exposure as films to a xenon-arc lamp for approx. 3000 h.
Path Models of the Relationships of Instrumentality and Expressiveness to Social Self-Efficacy, Shyness, and Depressive Symptoms

This study was designed to examine path models of the relationships of instrumentality, expressiveness, and social self-efficacy to shyness and depressive symptoms in college students. Models indicated strong relationships between social self-efficacy and instrumentality; the relationship of instrumentality to depressive symptoms was mediated by its relationship to social self-efficacy. The relationship of social self-efficacy to depressive symptoms was direct and was also mediated by its relationship to expressiveness. These findings provide new information on how gender role-related personality traits may be protective against depression.
ON THE METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NEO‐AND NEW CONFUCIANISM: REFLECTIONS ON LAUREN PFISTER'S ESSAY ON RELIGIOUS CONFUCIANISM

L'A. commente l'essai de Pfister sur le confucianisme religieux en s'attachant plus particulierement a l'importance du «Manifeste» de 1958, par une discussion des affirmations de ses AA. sur les fondements metaphysiques de la croyance confuceenne