cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Predicted and Measured Rotor Losses in Planar Radial Magnetic Bearings

The rotor loss mechanisms associated with magnetic bearings have yet to be adequately characterized or quantified and thus pose a problem for the designer and user of magnetic bearings. Accurate calculations of losses associated with the operation of magnetic bearings is particularly important for high speed applications where the rotor losses are expected to be large and for aerospace applications where low power consumption of components is critical. Rotor losses in magnetic bearings are due to both windage effects and iron losses. The iron losses are the result of three different mechanisms including the generation of eddy currents and the occurrence of both alternating and rotational hysteresis effects in the magnetic material. While theoretical models for these losses exist for transformer and electric motor applications, they have not been adequately modified for magnetic bearings. 7'his paper presents the results from a low speed experimental test rig and compares them to calculated values from a new modification of previous theory. Experimental data was taken over a range of 1.5 Hz (90 rpm) to 46.7 Hz (2800 rpm) for several bias currents, two different pole configurations, and for both a linear power amplifier and a stwitching power amplifier. With certain assumptions, agreement between measured and calculated power losses was within 10 percent for speed comparisons greater than 25 Hz and within 25 percent for the comparison at the 8.3 Hz speed. This body of work represents the foundation for upcorning extensive high speed tests on a larger scale.
Restoration of blurred images based on phase conjugation by using single second-order nonlinear parametric processes

We review our previous result: backward difference-frequency generation can be exploited to achieve phase conjugation in a second-order nonlinear medium. The backward configuration can be utilized to achieve broadband quasi-phasematching, compared with the forward counterpart. Our calculation shows that a nonlinear reflectivity of close to 100% is achievable from a laser emitting an output power of ≈ 1 mW. Such an efficient phase conjugator is made feasible by placing the nonlinear medium inside a pump laser cavity. In addition, a Fabry-Perot cavity at the input frequency is used to significantly improve the nonlinear reflectivity. In our previous experimental result, we demonstrated that broadband and polarization-insensitive phase conjugation, achieved based on difference-frequency generation in a second-order nonlinear composite consisting of stacked KTP plates, was exploited to restore blurred images due to phase distortion as a novel scheme. Due to the quasi-phase matching in the stacked KTP crystals, our result reveals that the image restoration is insensitive to the polarization direction and wavelength of the input beam.
Promoter activity of the rat connexin 43 gene in NRK cells.

Cellular communication mediated by gap junctions plays a major role in organ function. Gap junction channels are formed by the organization of polypeptide subunits, termed connexins (Cx), on the cell surface of adjacent cells. One mechanism to regulate gap-junctional communication is by change in Cx expression. In the present study, the promoter region of the rat Cx43 gene was characterized. Nested deletions of the 5' flanking region of the first Cx43 exon were coupled to the human growth hormone gene and transfected into normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, that express this gene constitutively. The minimal region of the Cx43 gene that showed maximal promoter activity was localized within 110 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. One particular subregion that contains a Sp-1 binding site (located within 98--93 bp from the transcriptional initiation site) was found to sustain Cx43 promoter activity to the same extent as that of the 110 bp promoter region. Mutations of this Sp-1 binding site abolished transcriptional activity and DNA-protein interactions. These observations suggest that the Sp-1 binding site plays a major role in the basal transcriptional activity of Cx43 gene in NRK cells.
The directed mutation controversy and neo-Darwinism

According to neo-Darwinian theory, random mutation produces genetic differences among organisms whereas natural selection tends to increase the frequency of advantageous alleles. However, several recent papers claim that certain mutations in bacteria and yeast occur at much higher rates specifically when the mutant phenotypes are advantageous. Various molecular models have been proposed that might explain these directed mutations, but the models have not been confirmed. Critics contend that studies purporting to demonstrate directed mutation lack certain controls and fail to account adequately for population dynamics. Further experiments that address these criticisms do not support the existence of directed mutations.
The Simple Life (of Cortical Progenitors)

Asymmetric cell division plays a major role in the generation of cell diversity during development. In this issue of Neuron, Sun and colleagues present evidence that the epidermal growth factor receptor is asymmetrically distributed in mitotic cerebral cortical precursors, and the resulting unequal inheritance generates offspring with different responsiveness to growth factor and unique cell fates.
Ovoids and translation planes revisited

Kantor has previously described the translation planes which may be obtained by projecting sections of ovoids in Ω+(8, q)-spaces to ovoids in corresponding Ω+(6, q)-spaces. Since the Klein correspondence associates spreads in 4-dimensional vector spaces with ovoids in Ω+(6, q)-spaces, there are corresponding translation planes of order q 2 and kernel containing GF(q). In this article, we revisit some of these translation planes and give some presentations of the spreads. Motivated by various properties of the planes, we study, in general, translation planes which admit certain homology groups and/or elation groups. In particular, we develop new constructions of projective planes of Lenz-Barlotti class II-1. Finally, we show how certain projective planes of order q 2 of Lenz-Barlotti class II-1 may be considered equivalent to flocks of quadratic cones in PG(3, q).
Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel in Recurrent Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer

To evaluate the activity of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: Patients with platinum-resistant disease and prior treatment with paclitaxel received treatment with docetaxel on day 1 and gemcitabine on days 1 and 8, repeated every three weeks. Results: Twenty patients, with a platinum-free interval of three months, were enrolled. Overall response rate was 25%. Treatment was associated with significant myelosuppression. Conclusions: In chemotherapy-resistant patients, this regimen exhibited encouraging activity. Excessive myelosuppression led to early closure. This was prevented by administering docetaxel on day 8 (instead of day 1) and prophylactic use of G-CSF.
Sex-typing and spatial ability: The association between masculinity and success on piaget's water-level task

A sample of 58 college women and 43 college men were tested on Piaget's water-level task and asked to complete the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The instructions for the water-level task were varied so as to emphasize or deemphasize the scientific laboratory character of the task. Subjects were classified by sex, sex-role orientation (masculine, androgynous, feminine), task description condition, and water-level performance. A log-linear analysis of the resulting 2×3×2×2 multidimensional contingency table revealed significant main effects for both sex of subject and sex-role orientation. Males and those males and females with masculine sex-role orientations were more likely to succeed with the water-level task than females and those with feminine sex-role orientations. The effect of sex role on water-level performance emerged most clearly among highly sex-typed individuals and the effect of sex was significant only among those with androgynous sex-role orientations.
Group Work in Foundation Generalist Classes: Perceptions of Students about the Nature and Quality of Their Experience

Social group work education appears to be in trouble. The literature details a progressive disintegration of group work educational opportunities while highlighting an incremental increase in the use of groups in agencies. This makes for a concerning scenario. This article presents data from a national study of 1,360 first-year MSW students. The current study explored the extent to which students are exposed to group work content and knowledge in foundation classes. A discussion of implications and recommendations, using case vignettes, are provided to illustrate and amplify findings, as well as to highlight challenges that lie ahead for group work education and practice.
On the mechanism of the nullification of CNS effects of L-DOPA by pyridoxine in Parkinsonian patients.

Administration of either Levodopa (l-DOPA) or pyridoxine increased the concentration of dopamine in the basal ganglia of rats. However, administration of pyridoxine to rats pretreated with l-DOPA for several days resulted in a reversal of the l-DOPA-induced elevation of dopamine. Pretreatment of rats with Ro 4-4602 (an inhibitor of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylases) enhanced the l-DOPA-induced rise in the CNS level of dopamine. This effect was also reduced substantially after the administration of pyridoxine. We interpret these results to indicate that the antagonistic effect of pyridoxine on the beneficial effects of l-DOPA in the CNS is centrally mediated as a result of decreased formation of dopamine.
Effect of lanthana as a stabilizing agent in titanium dioxide support

The thermal stability of between 1 and 5 wt % lanthana-doped TiO2 was investigated. Three methods of aging the titania support were studied: stagnant air heating for 12 h at temperatures ranging from 450 to 900 °C, flowing humid 450 °C air for up to 25 days, and flowing humid 650 °C air for up to 30 days. The thermal stability was assessed using BET surface area and XRD. Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC22) oxidation was used as a probe reaction to determine the effects of thermal aging on the reactivity of the catalyst. The XRD results indicate that the decrease in surface area corresponds to the phase transformation from anatase to rutile. In the fixed time results, all doping levels achieved the same elevated stability, increasing the phase transition temperature from approximately 450 to about 650 °C. However, when the support was aged by exposure for an extended time, increasing the lanthana loading increased the thermal stability. This surface area thermal stability was shown to be related to the activit...
Estimating Cooling Process Lethality for Different Cooling j Values

Cooling lethalities were determined using Ball's formula method and other lethality evaluation equations for fc from 10–120 min, jc of 0.25–2.21, L/D geometry values of 0.25–2.0, and the difference between final heating and cooling temperatures of 72.2–111.1°C. For jc &lt 1.35 the Ball method overestimated the cooling lethality (>42% for jc=1). For fc of 35–130 min and jc > 0.7, all but one of the models that account for variable jc were conservative in estimating cooling lethality and underestimated lethality as jc increased above 1.41. The proposed modified hyperbolic function estimated conservative cooling lethalities over the entire range of fc and jc values studied and was 60% more accurate in estimating actual lethality than the next best conservative method at jc= 2.0.
Optimum performance for RFID tag immersed in dielectric media

While RFID tags near metal have been extensively evaluated in the literature, tags on and in dielectric media have received less scrutiny and rigorous evaluation. In this paper, we develop a rigorous theoretical model for the behavior of UHF RFID tags immersed in a dielectric medium using the Uda model and embedded T-match antenna. From this, we are able to investigate a number of criteria for optimality. We find that the simplest optimality condition is not physically realizable, and more realizable models yield several results that are of practical interest. We make two specific recommendations for future work to increase the accuracy and usefulness of this work.
Controls on black carbon storage in soils

[1] Fire-derived black carbon (BC: charcoal and soot) has been thought to be a passive player in soils, contributing to the refractory soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, but playing no role in pedogenesis and regional short-term carbon cycling. This model, however, is at odds with recent results on the role of charcoal in soil fertility and its detection in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. For example, if BC simply accumulated passively in soils, its pattern of accumulation should match a simple model correlating fire frequency to BC storage. Instead, soil type, climate, biota, and land use practices all appear to play roles in controlling whether BC accumulates or is lost from soils. We summarize current knowledge of BC-soil interactions and construct a new paradigm describing the controls on BC storage in soils. We reconcile the refractory-labile BC paradox by proposing a model where BC storage is controlled by (1) fire frequency, (2) ecosystem presence or absence of aromatic precursor carbon and appropriate combustion conditions, (3) biological or physical mixing to remove BC from the soil surface, where it is vulnerable to combustion in future fires, (4) the presence or absence of soil mineral fractions able to sorb BC into the long-term stable carbon pool, and (5) the presence of microbial communities capable of degrading aromatic carbon. We also recognize that soil BC/SOC ratios are strongly influenced by land-use practices and add (6) human activities as a final control.
Creating Emotional Resonance: Interpersonal Emotion Work and Motivational Framing in a Transgender Community

In this article, we examine how interpersonal emotion work in a transgender support group and motivational framing of transgender social movement organizations together constructed favorable conditions for emotional resonance. We define emotional resonance as the emotional harmony and/or disjuncture between collective action frames and the emotional lives of potential recruits. Data derive from fieldwork, interviews, online e-mail lists and forums, community publications, activist speeches, and social movement organizations' recruitment appeals. Transgendered people joined support groups hoping to find relief from shame, fear, powerlessness, alienation, and inauthenticity. Although group members' emotion work partly accomplished such relief, it was hindered by identity conflicts and the temporal bounds of the meetings. Transgender activists and nascent social movement organizations, however, used motivational framing to promise targeted recruits a more permanent emotional resolution—one which could draw them into the movement. Our analysis moves transgender scholarship beyond issues of identity and moves framing theory beyond an almost exclusive concern with cognitive processes.
A non‐iterative finite element method for inverse heat conduction problems

SUMMARY A non-iterative, �nite element-based inverse method for estimating surface heatux histories on ther- mally conducting bodies is developed. The technique, which accommodates both linear and non-linear problems, and which sequentially minimizes the least squares error norm between corresponding sets of measured and computed temperatures, takes advantage of the linearity between computed temperatures and the instantaneous surface heatux distribution. Explicit minimization of the instantaneous error norm thus leads to a linear system, i.e. a matrix normal equation, in the current set of nodal surface �uxes. The technique isrst validated against a simple analytical quenching model. Simulated low-noise measurements, generated using the analytical model, lead to heat transfer coecient estimates that are within 1% of actual values. Simulated high-noise measurements lead to h estimates that oscillate about the low-noise solution. Extensions of the present method, designed to smooth oscillatory solutions, and based on future time steps or regularization, are briey described. The method's ability to resolve highly transient, early-time heat transfer is also examined; it is found that time resolution decreases linearly with distance to the nearest subsurface measurement site. Once validated, the technique is used to in- vestigate surface heat transfer during experimental quenching of cylinders. Comparison with an earlier inverse analysis of a similar experiment shows that the present method provides solutions that are fully consistent with the earlier results. Although the technique is illustrated using a simple one-dimensional example, the method can be readily extended to multidimensional problems. Copyright ? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-speed plasma imaging: a lightning bolt

Using a gated intensified digital Kodak Ektapro camera system, we captured a lightning bolt at 1000 frames per second, with 100-/spl mu/s exposure time on each consecutive frame. As a thunder storm approached while darkness descended (7:50 pm) on July 21, 1994, we photographed lightning bolts with an f22 105-mm lens and 100% gain on the intensified camera. This 15-frame sequence shows a cloud to ground stroke at a distance of about 1.5 km, which has a series of stepped leaders propagating downwards, followed by the upward-propagating main return stroke.
Classification of Multispectral Image Data by Extraction and Classification of Homogeneous Objects

A method of classification of digitized multispectral image data is described. It is designed to exploit a particular type of dependence between adjacent states of nature that is characteristic of the data. The advantages of this, as opposed to the conventional "per point" approach, are greater accuracy and efficiency, and the results are in a more desirable form for most purposes. Experimental results from both aircraft and satellite data are included.
Light-Weight Contour Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks

We study the problem of contour tracking with binary sensors, an important problem for monitoring spatial signals and tracking group targets. In particular, we track the boundaries of the blobs of interest and capture the topological changes as the blobs merge or split. Only the nodes on the boundaries of these deformable blobs stay active and the repair cost is proportional to the size of the contour changes. Our algorithm is completely distributed, requires only local information, and yet captures the global topological properties. The algorithm performs a fundamental monitoring function and is a foundation for further information processing of spatial sensor data.
Rapid Microvascular Repair Using Plastic Adhesive

Simple longitudinal arteriotomy was carried out in rabbits to assess the use of a rapid-setting tissue adhesive in shortening the time necessary to carry out microvascular repair. The vessels studied varied from 0.8 to 1.5 mm in diameter and repair was carried out using microsurgical dissection. It was found that the use of the tissue adhesive in conjunction with three sutures would bring about satisfactory repair of the arteriotomy for shortening the time of repair by at least 50%. Toxic reactions or other complications common to micro-anastomosis of small vessels were not encountered with any greater frequency than in controls.
Determination of Stress in Biaxially Strained, Free Standing Films

A simple but versatile technique, the double ring technique, was developed to introduce biaxial strain in free standing films permitting the observation of films with pre-determined levels of biaxial stress under a variety of environmental conditions for both short and long durations. The method also permits the observation of films while the strain is being increased, which is of particular interest when defects are present.Furthermore, a method was developed to measure the stress in free standing films by observing the load versus displacement relationship under a centrally placed load. This allows measurements of stress relaxation and stress reduc tion or increase with solvent or water up-take, etc. The usefulness of the two methods is illustrated by measurements of long-term crack propagation, of stress relaxation by thermal annealing, and by stress measurements on films under a layer of water.
Seasonal soil water variation and root patterns between two semi-arid shrubs co-existing with Pearl millet in Senegal, West Africa

Abstract Soil water is an important resource that imposes limitations on optimal plant performance in semi-arid regions. In some of these regions, shrubs form a characteristic component of farmers’ fields and potentially impact crop productivity. Consequently, a 2-year study on soil water dynamics and shrub rooting patterns was conducted during the dry season and transition into the wet season with fields having Pearl millet intercropped with shrubs. Millet roots predominantly exploited the 0.2–0.5 m depth range with 95% of shrub roots in the upper 0.5 m. Soil volumetric water content (soil water content) decreased with greater radial distance from shrubs up to 2 m but progressively increased with soil depth. During the dry season, soil surrounding shrub roots was consistently moister than adjacent bare soil albeit at depth, soil moisture content declined steadly in the 0.9–1.2 m depth range due to depletion by shrub roots. On the contrary, the 0.2 and 0.4 m zones depicted slight increments in soil moisture which could be attributed to soil water redistribution by shrub roots. During the rainy season, shrub presence had a considerable impact on the fate of the field soil moisture regime with shrub roots serving as pathways for deep profile recharge. Shrubs exploited the deeper profile (0.9–1.2 m) as opposed to the Pearl millet (0.2–0.5 m) suggesting that intercropping of annual crops with shrub stands could serve as an innovative and viable agronomic option in these vulnerable Sahel agro-ecosystmes.
From Irish Eineach to British Honor? Noble Honor and High Politics in Early Modern Ireland, 1500–1650

The study of honor has greatly enriched historians’ understanding of early modern societies. By providing a means to explore the interplay between individual and collective notions of worth, it has allowed scholars to more closely investigate the relationship between culture and politics. In this historiography there has been important, but limited, work on Ireland. This article suggests the importance of honor not only for understanding early modern Ireland in its own right, but also for understanding a crucial cultural factor in the emergence of the British state. It proposes a three-part framework through which the negotiation of honor claims in Anglo-Irish relations may be explored and their political implications assessed: from Gaelic eineach, through Anglo-Irish onoir, to British honor.
Starvation resistance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Tradeoffs among growth, body size, and survival

Survival and body composition of starving gypsy moth larvae initially reared on aspen foliage or artificial diet differeing in nitrogen (N) and carbohydrate concentration were examined under laboratory conditions. Diet nitrogen concentration strongly affected starvation resistance and body composition, but diet carbohydrate content had no effects on these. Within any single diet treatment, greater body mass afforded greater resistance to starvation. However, starving larvae reared on 1.5% N diet survived nearly three days longer than larvae reared on 3.5% N diet. Larvae reared on artificial diet survived longer than larvae reared on aspen. Differences in survival of larvae reared on artificial diet with low and high nitrogen concentrations could not be attributed to variation in respiration rates, but were associated with differences in body composition. Although percentage lipid in larvae was unaffected by diet nitrogen concentration, larvae reared on 1.5% N diet had a higher percentage carbohydrate and lower percentage protein in their bodies prior to starvation than larvae reared on 3.5% N diet. Hence, larger energy reserves of larvae reared on low nitrogen diet may have contributed to their greater starvation resistance. Whereas survival under food stress was lower for larvae reared on high N diets, growth rates and pupal weights were higher, suggesting a tradeoff between rapid growth and survival. Larger body size does not necessarily reflect larger energy reserves, and, in fact, larger body size accured via greater protein accumulation may be at the expense of energy reserves. Large, fast-growing larvae may be more fit when food is abundant, but this advantage may be severely diminished under food stress. The potential ecological and evolutionary implications of a growth/survival tradeoff are discussed.
The elocuter: I must remind you we live in Dada times

The Elocuter is a sonification device that attaches via suction cup to a computer screen. It translates newspaper headlines about the global economic crisis into spoken words, composed of impossible sequences of allophones similar to a Dada poem. The project references poetic experiments of the Dada movement of the 1910/20s, specifically the play with language as a way to respond to a seemingly irrational political and cultural context. Finally, this project can be placed in the history of combining human and machinic components into instruments for performance.
How to Lower Congestion with Cross-Layer MPR-PHY/MAC Design?

The use of multiple packet reception (MPR) can alleviate congestion in multi-hop networks and improve network Goodput. However, a sophisticated design is required in order to enable MPR in such networks considering the heterogeneity of transiting packets, both in size and arrival times. In this paper, we introduce a cross-layer MPR-PHY/MAC design suitable for multi-hop ad-hoc networks. Our design identifies three phases of operation tied to the network offered load. Simulation results show that the saturation Goodput of a network using our proposed MPR-PHY/MAC design is better than that of a network using standard IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC by a factor of at least $50\%$.
Piercing Piercing: An Attempt to Lift the Veil of Confusion Surrounding the Doctrine of Piercing the Corporate Veil

This article undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil. Its thesis is that piercing in favor of contract creditors ultimately is based upon finding grounds to let the contract creditor out of its agreement to look only to the corporation for payment. This means either fraud or the failure to live up to implied terms governing the controlling shareholder's dealings with corporate assets. Inadequate capital -- which in this context should refer to working capital rather than the shareholder's initial investment -- is largely relevant only for the purpose of showing that promises of corporate performance were fraudulent given the controlling shareholder's knowledge that the corporation could not perform. Piercing in favor of tort victims should be based largely upon the failure to have insurance to cover foreseeable levels of risk, which leads to a failure to internalize accident costs. Many of the other factors mentioned as leading to piercing are either irrelevant, or assume subsidiary relevance as evidence of these basic grounds to pierce or as establishing the appropriate defendant.
A METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING PATIENTS ACCORDING TO THE NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DIAGNOSES AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES

To compare validly the nosocomial infection rates (NIRs) in groups of patients studied from different time periods and/or different hospitals, one must control for the important factors that influence a patient's susceptibility to infection. The authors developed a method for assessing one component of nosocomial infection risk, based on patients' diagnoses and surgical procedures. This method classifies patients according to their risk of developing a nosocomial infection at each of four infection sites and at all four sites combined. Applying the method to data collected on 136,516 patients from 276 hospitals studied in the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control), the authors found that NIRs increased according to the predicted ranking of risk categories, even when the analyses were stratified individually by age, sex, hospital service and exposure to urinary catheterization or continuous ventilatory support. Depending on the site of infection, the rate increased as much as 100-fold from low-risk to high-risk categories. The data indicate that infection risk as assessed with this classification method will account for some of the variation in NIRs due to differences in patients' clinical conditions. Further analyses using multivariate techniques must be performed to explore in detail the relative importance of this risk classification in comparison with other risk factors and to determine which factors must be controlled in SENIC analyses.
The Oral Tradition in 3D: Harold Innis, Information Visualisation and the 3D Historical Cities Project

One of the key challenges currently facing humanities and computing scholars is the generation of new conventions, particularly new forms of narration and representation to support student development of critical thinking skills. Drawing inspiration from the writings of the communication theorist Harold Innis, this study argues that conventions supporting information visualization - the production of visual analogues of ideas or patterns represented by text and number - can help students apprehend and interrogate concepts. The experience of the 3D Virtual Buildings Project suggests that a program devoted to 3D computer modelling is one way that Innis' ideas might be realized. Through tutorials students learn to reconstruct models of historic Canadian settlements and to translate historic data into numeric information for a 3D model. Most importantly, the tutorials show students that historical models are inherently imperfect, at best partial reconstructions of the past. Through a process of information translation and visualization, students learn to distinguish historical models from the objects they purport to represent.
The Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Ciconiiformes

Forty-three species of Colpocephalum s. lat. from the Ciconiiformes are recognized and discussed. Nineteen of these are newly described; they and their type-hosts are nigrae (Ciconia nigra), asiatici (Xenorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus), nipponi (Nipponia nippon), mycteriae (Mycteria americana), lamelligeri (Anastomus lamelligerus), leucocephali (Ibis Ieucoccphalus), cooki (Leptoptilos dubius), oxycercae (Cercibis oxycerca), harpiprioni (Harpiprion caerulescens), olivaceae (Lampribis olivacea akleyorum), carunculatae (Bostrychia carumculata), aethiopicae (Threskiornis aethiopica), melanocephalae (Threskiornis melanocephala), plataleae (Platalea leucorodia major), spinicollis (Carphibis spinicollis), eremitae (Geronticus eremita), davisoni (Pseudibis davisoni), scharfi (Anastomus lamelligerus), and oscitansi (Anastomus oscitans). C. subflavescens Piaget is synonymized with C. turbinatum Denny. A key is given to the species.
Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart After the Fontan Procedure

The Fontan operation provides palliation for patients with tricuspid atresia and univentricular heart, but should not be considered curative. Recent studies report a 10-year survival of approximately 60%. Progressive deterioration of ventricular function is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Other complications include arrhythmias and protein-losing enteropathy. Those patients not fulfilling all of Choussat’s criteria have more problems perioperatively and a worse long-term survival.
Determination of ethyl carbamate in fermented bean curd by GC/MS with isotopic dilution

Objective:To establish a method for determination of ethyl carbamate in fermented bean curd by isotopic dilution-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods: Ethyl carbamate was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selection ion mode after the samples were spiked with D5-ethyl carbamate and purified by C18 and diatomite solid phase extraction column.Results: The recovery rates were 89%~99% and RSD10%,the limit of determination was 2.0 μg/kg.Conclusion: The method is sensitive,accurate and could be used for determination of ethyl carbamate in fermented bean curd.
METABOLISM OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN NORMAL AND SPHEROCYTIC HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES.

Human erythrocytes were incubated with oleic acid-1-C14 and monoacyl phosphatides to demonstrate the synthesis of diacyl glycerophosphoryl choline and diacyl glycerophosphoryl ethanolamine. These reactions proceeded at equal rates in normal and spherocytic cells. Phospholipase A activity was not demonstrable in erythrocytes. Normal and spherocytic cells appeared similar in the amount of acylating enzyme activity present. The amounts of endogenous monoacyl phosphatides available for acylation were similar in normal and spherocytic cells. In both types of cell, the predominant monoacyl phosphatide acylated was the α′-isomer.
Ex Parte Young and the Transformation of the Federal Courts, 1890-1917

Ex parte Young is generally recognized as one of the Supreme Court’s most far-reaching decisions, and from its announcement in 1908 to the present judges and commentators have divided over its doctrinal pedigree and even its very legitimacy. Few, however, have doubted its importance as a doctrine of federal judicial power. This article seeks to cast additional light on Young’s origins and significance by placing it in its historical context and by showing that, as a practical matter, it was consistent with a wide range of other doctrines -- from technical procedural and jurisdictional rules to broad principles of constitutional law -- that the Supreme Court reshaped or developed anew in the years between 1890 and 1917. Taken together, those diverse doctrines transformed the role, reach, and power of the federal courts in American government. The article argues that Young can be most fully understood not in terms of common-law history or any purported doctrinal pedigree but rather in terms of the Supreme Court’s concerted effort to exert broader and more effective control over Congress and especially over the states and to ensure that the federal judiciary would be able to exercise an effective supervisory power over both.
Role of interface in stability of perovskite solar cells

The organo-halide lead perovskite solar cells (PSC) provide a cost effective method of acquiring sunlight energy and converting directly into electrical power with high conversion efficiency. However, the chemical stability of the PSC is a significant issue that is limiting practical application and prevents further device development. The device is extremely sensitive to moisture and may degrade during a few days. Recent investigation demonstrated that the materials, architecture and structure of the interface might play a crucial role in degradation rates and durability of the device. A systematic understanding of interfacial layers in stability of perovskite solar cells is essential to achieve highly stable devices for extensive industrial applications. This report is reviewing the role of interface in stability of perovskite solar cells and discussed their future trends and aspects.
Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of CNT/PDMS composited soft and stretchable electrodes fabricated by an efficient solution-based fabrication method

Abstract This work reports a comparative study on the preparation and characterization of a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based stretchable electrode aiming at developing wearable electrical biosensors. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was chosen as the elastomeric substrate for electrodes due to its promising biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties and ease of use. A new structure of the electrode composited by three layers has been proposed which showed significant improvement in electrochemical and mechanical properties. A simple solution-based fabrication method was employed to make CNT (active material) coated PDMS/CNT composite thin film which was integrated with a pre-cured PDMS film substrate. The electrochemical activity of the electrodes composed by single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was studied and compared by cyclic-voltammetry test. Two electrodes with surface concentration of 0.5 mg/cm2 SWCNT and 0.75 mg/cm2 MWCNT showed optimized electrochemical redox signals of K3[Fe(CN)6] in PBS buffer solution at pH 7.4. The resistance changes of the stretchable electrodes at different stretch levels were characterized using uniaxial stretcher machine. The result showed that in the specific surface concentration of 0.5 mg/cm2 SWCNT and thickness of 500 μm, the electrode can maintain its surface resistance as low as 50 Ω/cm up to 300% stretch. The novel CNT/PDMS composed stretchable electrode has great potential for the development of flexible soft bioelectronics such as wearable biosensors.
Design and performance considerations for sub-0.1 /spl mu/m double-gate SOI MOSFET'S

We present a simulation-based analysis of the device design and circuit performance trade-offs between short channel immunity and parasitic device capacitances of sub-0.1 /spl mu/m double-gate SOI MOSFET's. We demonstrate that perfect alignment of the bottom gate to the top gate is not necessary to achieve adequate short channel immunity but is required to maintain short gate delays. Double-gate MOSFET device design guidelines are provided. >
Qualitative Assessment of the Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability of a Mobile Client Data App for Community-Based Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Care in Rural Ghana

Mobile phone applications may enhance the delivery of critical health services and the accuracy of health service data. Yet, the opinions and experiences of frontline health workers on using mobile apps to track pregnant and recently delivered women are underreported. This evaluation qualitatively assessed the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a mobile Client Data App for maternal, neonatal, and child client data management by community health nurses CHNs in rural Ghana. The mobile app enabled CHNs to enter, summarize, and query client data. It also sent visit reminders for clients and provided a mechanism to report level of care to district officers. Fourteen interviews and two focus groups with CHNs, midwives, and district health officers were conducted, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results indicated that the app was easily integrated into care, improved CHN productivity, and was acceptable due to its capacity to facilitate client follow-up, data reporting, and decision-making. However, the feasibility and usability of the app were hindered by high client volumes, staff shortages, and software and device challenges. Successful integration of mobile client data apps for frontline health workers in rural and resource-poor settings requires real-time monitoring, program investments, and targeted changes in human resources.
The Global Carbon Inventory

The main reservoirs of global carbon (C) cycle are the atmosphere, the biosphere, the oceans, and the lithosphere. The atmospheric C inventory consists of almost entirely carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) with the current (2015) atmospheric concentration of 400 ppm and 1845 ppb for CO2 and CH4, respectively. This is equivalent to atmospheric burden of nearly 849 and 3.7 Pg C for CO2 and CH4, respectively, compared to 589 and 1.49 Pg C in 1750 at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Most of the increase since the begining of Industrial Era is associated with the anthropogenic activities of fossil fuel combustion and land use change. The terrestrial biosphere contains C in living biomass of the terrestrial ecosystem and soils. The estimated C in living biomass range from 450 to 700 Pg, while soils contains an estimate of 1500–2400 Pg as soil organic C (SOC) and 720–930 Pg C as soil inorganic C (SIC) in the top 3 m depth. The terrestrial SOC is dominantly preserved in forest biomass and soils. The ocean C inventory amounts to 39,000 Pg, of which, only 700–900 Pg C exist in the surface water layer which is in direct contact with the atmosphere. More than 90% of C is present as bicarbonate (HCO3 −). Additional 2500 Pg C is present in marine carbonate (CO3 2−) sediments which are gradually transformed into sedimentary rock over the geological timescale. Of the dissolved CO2 inventory in the ocean, 170 ± 20 Pg is of anthropogenic, with an estimated uptake of ~3.0 ± 0.5 Pg C yr−1 in 2015. The distribution of C in the ocean is regulated by three processes: biological pump, solubility pump and thermocline circulation. The lithosphere, consisting of Earth crust and mantle is the largest reservoir of C. The C in Earth crust is estimated at 7.8 × 107 Pg, of which, 20% is in organic C (OC)—mostly as fossil fuels—coal, oil and natural gas. An estimated 420 ± 20 Pg C from the fossil C has been released to the atmosphere as CO2 since the Industrial Revolution.
Changing the paradigm for diagnostic MRI in pediatrics: Don't hold your breath

Increasingly complex pediatric patients and improvements in technology warrant reevaluation of the risk associated with anesthesia for diagnostic imaging. Although magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice for children given the potentially harmful effects of computerized tomography-associated ionizing radiation, we dare to suggest that certain patients would benefit from the liberalization of our current standard. Incorporating the use of newer computerized tomography technology may improve safety for those that are already at higher risk for adverse events. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging is not risk-free-what is often overlooked is the need for controlled ventilation and breath-holding to minimize motion artifact. As physicians at the forefront of the development and sustainability of the perioperative surgical home, anesthesiologists must work to not only optimize patients preoperatively but should also act as gatekeepers for procedural safety.
Lightweight Detection and Isolation of Black Hole Attacks in Connected Vehicles

Connected Vehicles (CVs) can be exposed to black hole attacks that deceive legitimate nodes by falsifying an attractive route to a destination node. This occurs when an attacker sends a packet to the source node confirming the existence of a fresh route. In this paper, we propose a Black Hole Detection Protocol (BlackDP) that works on a highway divided into clusters and monitored by Road Side Units (RSUs) to detect both single and cooperative black hole attacks. Every RSU is tasked with performing both detection and isolation of black hole attacks for their respective highway section after authentication violations and suspicious route establishment activities that have been reported by a legitimate node. The design goal of BlackDP is to decouple the detection process from mobile nodes and construct a trusted semi-centric detection process that can collect needed information for lightweight detection and reliable isolation of malicious nodes. We validate BlackDP in a simulated highway environment to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Structural Patterning of Surfaces

This research introduces new computational workflows to design structural patterns on surfaces for architecture. Developed for design but rooted in the rigor of structural optimization, the strategies are aimed at maximizing structural performance, as measured by weight or stiffness, while offering a diversity of solutions responding to non-structural priorities. Structural patterns are important because they create meaningful difference on an otherwise homogeneous architectural surface; by introducing thickness, ribs, or voids, patterns accumulate material where it is most useful for structural or other purposes. Furthermore, structural patterning with greater complexity is enabled by the recent advancements in digital fabrication. However, designers currently lack systematic, rigorous approaches to explore structural patterns in a generalized manner. The workflows presented here address this issue with a method built on recent developments in computational design modelling, including isogeometric analysis, a NURBS-based finite element method. Most previous work simply maps patterns onto a surface based on stress magnitudes in its continuous, unpatterned state, thus neglecting how the introduction of holes interrupts the flow of forces in the structure. In contrast, this work uses a new trimmed surface analysis algorithm developed by the authors to model force flow in patterned surfaces with greater fidelity. Specifically, the proposed framework includes two interrelated computational modelling schemes. The first one operates on a human-designed topology pre-populated with an input cell shape and position. An optimization algorithm then improves the design through simple geometric operations in the parametric space applied independently on each cell or globally using control surfaces. The second modelling scheme starts with an untrimmed surface design and successively optimizes its shape and introduces new cells. Both optimization systems are flexible and can incorporate constraints and new geometric rules.
Vitronectin (S Protein) Augments the Functional Activity of Monocyte Receptors for IgG and Complement C3b

An arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence (RGD in the single letter code for amino acids) is present in the cell attachment site of both vitronectin and fibronectin. Inasmuch as fibronectin and synthetic peptides containing RGD enhance ingestion of opsonized particles by monocytes, we investigated the effects of vitronectin on phagocytosis by monocytes of sheep erythrocytes bearing IgG (EA) or complement C3b (EC3b). Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by countercurrent elutriation and allowed to adhere to slides that had been coated with either vitronectin or fibronectin. Next, EA or EC3b were incubated with the adherent monocytes, and phagocytosis was subsequently quantified. Vitronectin caused the same dose dependent increase in phagocytosis as fibronectin. The augmentation of phagocytosis of EA induced by vitronectin could be inhibited by the F(ab')2 fragments of anti-vitronectin IgG but not by preimmune F(ab')2. The maximum phagocytosis of EA induced by vitronectin could not be enhanced by the addition of fibronectin, suggesting that vitronectin and fibronectin act on the same population of monocytes and that the two proteins stimulate the same mechanism through which the enhanced phagocytosis is mediated. Fibronectin and vitronectin caused a tenfold increase in the attachment of EC3b to monocytes, but phagocytosis was augmented minimally. These studies demonstrate that vitronectin modulates interactions between monocytes and opsonized particles.
Special Deliveries: Towards a Methodology for Generous Fulfillment of Special Collections Interlibrary Loan Requests

This article explores the implementation of special collections interlibrary loan policies and procedures at the University of South Florida (USF), focusing particularly on the development of polic...