cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review and development of base pressure and base heating correlations in supersonic flow

A comprehensive review of experimental base pressure and base heating data related to supersonic and hypersonic flight vehicles is presented. Particular attention is paid to free-flight data as well as wind-tunnel data for models without rear sting support. Using theoretically based correlation parameters, a series of internally consistent, empirical predictions are developed for planar and axisymmetric geometries (wedges, cones, and cylinders). These equations encompass the speed range from low supersonic to hypersonic flow and laminar and turbulent forebody boundary layers. A wide range of cone and wedge angles and cone bluntness ratios is included in the data base used to develop the correlations. The present investigation also includes an analysis of the effect of the angle of attack and the specific-heat ratio of the gas. Angle-of-attack effects are considered on sharp and blunted cones and cylindrical afterbodies.
A Lightweight Modification of the McNeil Core Substrate Sampler

ABSTRACT The McNeil core substrate sampler is widely used for quantitative bulk sampling of streambed sediments, but the large size and heavy weight of the standard-sized device limits its utility for sampling substrates in remote locations. We designed a lightweight modification that employs a 19-L plastic bucket as a collection basin yet retains the standard core tube diameter of 15 cm. The modified sampler weighs about one-third of the standard-sized McNeil sampler (3.9 kg versus 11.5 kg) yet is sufficiently robust that insertion of the core tube into the streambed is readily achieved. The modified sampler enhanced sampling efficiency and facilitated increased sample sizes for substrate sampling of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redds during a 170 km-long survey of spawning tributaries.
Attentive Audience Delivery of TV Advertising Schedules

Television program ratings are used extensively by media planners in developing advertising schedules for use in marketing strategies. The authors describe a study of TV program exposure and attent...
Phylogenetic analysis of Helianthus (Asteraceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site data

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site data were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships within Helianthus. Data from new samples were consistent with previous results and showed the genus to be a well-defined (11 site changes) lineage within subtribe Helianthinae. The affinities of 2 species, Viguiera similis and V. phenax (V. ludens) that have sometimes been included in Helianthus were shown to lie outside the genus. The two species of Phoebanthus, however, formed a phylogenetic ingroup to the perennial Helianthus. Within the genus, cpDNA data indicated that there are four distinct phylogenetic lineages. Two of the lineages each contained a single, annual species (H. agrestis and H. porteri, respectively). The remaining annual species collectively formed a third lineage (sect. Helianthus). The fourth lineage contained all of the perennial species, including those of Phoebanthus. Within the perennial lineage, there was little variation in restriction site characters. The 3 species of series Pumili formed a paraphyletic group at the base of the perennial lineage, and the 3 species of series Ciliares formed a group that was supported by a single restriction site character.
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RATE OF PERMANENT PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION COMPARED TO SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (SAVR): A PROPENSITY MATCHED ANALYSIS

Occurrence of conduction abnormalities requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) is a serious complication after both transcatheter (TAVR) & surgical (SAVR) aortic valve replacement. Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from August 2011 to December 2012 using ICD-9 codes 35.05 & 35.06 for
An Endothelial Hsp70-TLR4 Axis Limits Nox3 Expression and Protects Against Oxidant Injury in Lungs.

Abstract Aims: Oxidants play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Nox3 is a novel member of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of oxidant-generating enzymes, which our laboratory had previously identified to be induced in the lungs of TLR4−/− mice. However, the physiologic role of Nox3 induction in lungs and its precise relationship to TLR4 are unknown. Furthermore, the cell compartment involved and the signaling mechanisms of Nox3 induction are unknown. Results: We identified that Nox3 is regulated by heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) signaling via a TLR4-Trif-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway and that Nox3 induction leads to increased oxidant injury and death in mice and lung endothelial cells. We generated Nox3−/−/TLR4−/− double knockout mice, endothelial-targeting lentiviral silencing constructs, and endothelial-targeted Stat3−/− mice to specifically demonstrate that Nox3 induction is responsible for the pro-oxidant, proapoptotic phenotype of TLR4−/−...
Light-Triggered Intramolecular Cyclization in Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Based Polymers for Controlled Degradation

Polylactide (PLA) and poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are two prominent FDA-approved polymers because of their useful biodegradation into largely innocuous substances. Their hydrolytic degradation is slow and offers minimal control over degradation kinetics, especially in the minutes time scale. However, molecular engineering of their structures could allow triggered degradation. We have synthesized, by ring-opening polymerization (ROP), a series of PLGA-based polymers containing pendant nucleophiles protected with photocleavable groups. Upon deprotection, two of the polymers degrade rapidly via intramolecular cyclization into small molecules. Nanoparticles formulated from these polymers undergo rapid structural changes in response to UV light. This work introduces a novel polymeric structure to enable rapid on-demand degradation and expands the library of polymers that degrade by cyclization.
Laser advances in urology.

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the current use of lasers in urology—CO2, Nd:YAG, KTP/532, Diode, pulsed dye—and describes the most common procedures performed with them. It discusses surgical techniqu...
SY02-2DRINKING HISTORY ENHANCES DOPAMINE NEURONAL RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

Ethanol (EtOH) increases the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in vivo and in vitro, although relatively high doses of acute EtOH are often required to cause a significant increase of the firing rate of VTA DA neurons in vitro. In order to determine whether …
Theoretical Insights into the Effects of Oxidation and Mo-Doping on the Structure and Stability of Pt–Ni Nanoparticles

Pt–Ni nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction but they suffer from Ni dissolution in oxidizing conditions. It has recently been shown that it is possible to stabilize octahedral Pt–Ni nanoparticles by doping them with a small amount of Mo. Using ab initio calculations and a quaternary cluster expansion, we provide atomic-scale explanations for the enhanced stability of Mo-doped Pt–Ni nanoparticles. We predict that for Mo-doped Pt3Ni nanoparticles with only a small amount of Mo doping (around 1.6% mole fraction) the equilibrium concentration of Ni atoms on the particle surface is greatly reduced, limiting the rate at which Ni atoms dissolve from the particles. Mo doping also increases Pt/Ni vacancy formation energies in the surface layer, which further stabilizes the nanoparticles against Ni dissolution and helps preserve the nanoparticle shape. Our calculations also reveal insights into the shape evolution of Pt–Ni nanoparticles: the preferential oxidation of edges can make...
Surface modification of PET film via a large area atmospheric pressure plasma: An optical analysis of the plasma and surface characterization of the polymer film

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive study of surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate film substrates to improve its adhesion properties using a large area atmospheric plasma. Different aspects of this study includes (1) analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of the plasma (2) as well as the substrates, and (3) evaluation of adhesion of an acrylate based hard coating onto PET substrates. PET is chemically inert to most coatings, but atmospheric plasmas can modify the surface in a manner that is compatible with high throughput manufacturing. First, optical emission spectroscopy was employed to analyze the plasma in terms of its chemical composition as well as physical characteristics such as electron temperature and density. This section estimates electron temperature of 0.2–0.4 eV and density in the order of 10 14 –10 15 cm − 3 for the studied plasmas. Second, various plasma gas mixtures with helium as the seed gas mixed with fraction of oxygen and/or nitrogen (0.5–1.1 v%) were used to carry out the surface treatment of the substrates at different exposure doses between 15 and 75 J cm − 2 . Post-treatment characterization by XPS, AFM, and a goniometer show that the surface becomes enriched with oxygen, rougher, and more wetting depends on the power and composition of the plasma. Lastly, standard adhesion 180° T-peel tests indicated improved adhesion after treatment.
Abstract A12: Quercetin inhibits multiple pathways involved in interleukin 6 secretion from human lung fibroblasts and activity in bronchial epithelial cell transformation induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide

The interaction between epithelial and stromal cells through soluble factors such as cytokines plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Breaking this cancer-promoting interaction poses an opportunity for cancer prevention. The tumor-promoting function of interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been documented; however, the underlying mechanisms of this function in lung carcinogenesis are not well elucidated. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE, the active metabolite of cigarette smoke carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene)-induced human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) transformation was enhanced by IL-6 in vitro. The carcinogen/IL-6-transformed cells exhibited higher expression of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) when compared with cells transformed by BPDE alone. Constitutive STAT3 activation drove cell proliferation and survival through anti-apoptosis gene expression. We further show that quercetin, a dietary compound having preventive properties for lung cancer, decreased BPDE-stimulated IL-6 secretion from human lung fibroblasts through inhibition of the NF-κB and ERK pathways. The inhibition was accomplished at clinically achievable concentrations of the compound. Finally, quercetin blocked IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in HBECs, and IL-6 enhancement of HBEC transformation by BPDE was abolished by quercetin treatment. Altogether, our data reveal novel mechanisms for IL-6 in lung carcinogenesis and for the preventive role of quercetin in the process. Citation Format: Wenshu Chen, Mabel T. Padilla, Xuling Xu, Dhimant Desai, Jacek Krzeminski, Shantu Amin, Yong Lin. Quercetin inhibits multiple pathways involved in interleukin 6 secretion from human lung fibroblasts and activity in bronchial epithelial cell transformation induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
Evaluation of TIGBT field stop layer generated by helium implantation

A helium implantation is a common technique used for electron and hole lifetime control in semiconductor devices. Siemieniec [1] shows that suitable annealing conditions after the helium implantation lead to an increased conductivity of N-type silicon substrate in the affected area. Based on these observations a possibility of using helium implantation for generation of the TIGBT field stop layer was evaluated. Required concentration profiles were prepared for test wafers, however, a decreased conductivity in the helium implantation area was observed when using production wafers with standard process flow. The root cause of this discrepancy is diffusion of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms into the silicon during previous diffusion operations and an interaction of these atoms with the implanted helium.
Impact of intraoperative cefazolin on postoperative seizures after elective repair of unruptured cerebral aneurysm.

Purpose The impact of intraoperative cefazolin on postoperative seizures after elective repair of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm was evaluated. Methods Chart review of a prospectively accrued database was performed for patients admitted from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2013. Patients were included in the study if they underwent elective repair of an unruptured aneurysm with surgical clipping or wrapping. The primary objective was to determine if the use of cefazolin increased patients’ odds of having a seizure within six hours of surgical intervention. Univariate comparisons were conducted on all variables for patients who received cefazolin and patients who were treated with other antibiotics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of cefazolin administered intraoperatively on postoperative seizures, while accounting for other covariates. Results Of the 520 patients included, 53 (10.2%) patients developed seizures within six hours after surgery. A total of 439 (84.4%) patients received cefazolin intraoperatively. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the patients who received cefazolin compared with those who did not. The frequency of seizures did not significantly differ between patients treated with cefazolin versus other antibiotics (11.2% versus 4.9%, respectively; p = 0.08). Multivariable regression revealed that the use of cefazolin did not increase the odds of having a seizure postoperatively compared with patients treated with other antibiotics (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–7.15). Conclusion No relationship was found between the intraoperative use of cefazolin and the development of seizures during the six hours after the repair of unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
The Social Archaeology of Food: Thinking about Eating from Prehistory to the Present

This book offers a global perspective on the role food has played in shaping human societies, through both individual and collective identities. It integrates ethnographic and archaeological case studies from the European and Near Eastern Neolithic, Han China, ancient Cahokia, Classic Maya, the Inka and many other periods and regions, to ask how the meal in particular has acted as a social agent in the formation of society, economy, culture and identity. Drawing on a range of social theorists, Hastorf provides a theoretical toolkit essential for any archaeologist interested in foodways. Studying the social life of food, this book engages with taste, practice, the meal and the body to discuss power, identity, gender and meaning that creates our world as it created past societies.
Representations of Semi-direct Products

In this chapter, we will examine some aspects of representations of semi-direct products, in particular for the case of the Jacobi group and its Lie algebra, as well as the case of \(N\rtimes K\), for N commutative. The latter case includes the Euclidean groups E(d), as well as the Poincare group which will come into play once we introduce special relativity.
“Smart” Cascade Macromolecules

Since Vogtle’s initial cascade synthesis in 1978 [1], the preparation and study of dendritic (cascade) macromolecules has been a rapidly expanding field of polymer chemistry. Numerous researchers have developed procedures to create unique dendritic polymers and are beginning to define the potential applications for these molecules [2]. The inner “void” regions offer the possibility for molecular inclusion or recognition, which may provide access to water soluble catalysts as well as drug and molecular delivery systems.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Light-Induced Spatial Charge Separation in Janus Graphene Oxide

Janus graphene oxides and Janus graphenes are materials with different functionalization on opposite faces of atomically thin carbon sheets. Owing to their monolayer nature, these Janus sheets show unique properties where the functionalization on one face can modulate the properties on the opposite face. However, few general procedures to create and characterize Janus graphene oxides or Janus graphenes have been reported, and as a consequence these intriguing materials remain largely unexplored. Here we report a general synthesis of Janus graphene oxide, where particles are deposited in situ from molecular precursors on opposite faces of monolayer graphene oxide (GO). We used a silicon wafer and a polymer film to successively expose and protect alternate graphene oxide faces for asymmetric deposition of Pt and TiO2 nanocrystals, thus producing Janus graphene oxide composites (Pt|GO|TiO2). We used electron microscopy of Janus graphene oxide cross-sections to conclusively show that Pt and TiO2 particles are...
Application of Genetic Algorithms for the DARPTW Problem

On the Dial-a-Ride with time windows (DARPTW) customer transportation problem, there is a set of requests from customers to be transported from an origin place to a delivery place through a locations network, under several constraints like the time windows. The problem complexity (NP-Hard) forces the use of heuristics on its resolution. In this context, the application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) on DARPTW was not largely considered, with the exception of a few researches. In this work, under a restrictive scenario, a GA model for the problem was developed based on the adaptation of a generic GA model from literature. Our solution applies data pre-processing techniques to reduce the search space to points that are feasible regarding time windows constraints. Tests show competitive results on Cordeau & Laporte benchmark datasets while improving processing times.
Customer Loyalty in E-Commerce

The high cost of attracting new customers on the Internet and the relative difficulty in retaining them make customer loyalty an essential asset for many online vendors. In the non-Internet marketplace, customer loyalty is primarily the product of superior service quality and the trust that such service entails. This study examines whether the same applies with online vendors even though their service is provided by a website interface notably lacking a human service provider. As hypothesized, customer loyalty to a specific online vendor increased with perceived better service quality both directly and through increased trust. However, the data suggest that the five dimensions of service quality in SERVQUAL collapse to three with online service quality: (1) tangibles, (2) a combined dimension of responsiveness, reliability, and assurance, and (3) empathy. The first dimension is the most important one in increasing customer loyalty, and the second in increasing customer trust. Implications are discussed.
Developing an Outstanding Core Collection: A Guide for Libraries. 2nd ed.: By Carol Alabaster. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010. 191 pp. $60.00 ($54.00 ALA members) soft cover ISBN 9780838910405

Contrary to what the potential reader might expect from the title, this book focuses exclusively on collection development in the public library setting. The author draws on her considerable experi...
Epidemiology of Exobasidium Leaf and Fruit Spot of Rabbiteye Blueberry: Pathogen Overwintering, Primary Infection, and Disease Progression on Leaves and Fruit

Epidemiological field studies utilizing disease monitoring, spore trapping, and trap plants were conducted on rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) between 2014 and 2017 to shed light on the epidemiology of Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot, an emerging disease in the southeastern United States caused by the fungus Exobasidium maculosum. Wash plating of field-collected blueberry tissue from the late dormant season through bud expansion showed that the pathogen overwintered epiphytically on blueberry plants in the field, most likely in its yeast-like conidial stage. Agrichemical applications during the dormant season altered epiphytic populations of the pathogen, which correlated directly with leaf spot incidence later in the spring. Disease monitoring of field plants and weekly exposure of potted trap plants revealed that young leaves at the mouse-ear stage were most susceptible to infection, that disease incidence on leaves progressed monocyclically, and that infection periods were associated with rainfall variables such as the number of days per week with ≥1.0 mm of rain or cumulative weekly rainfall. Weekly spore trapping with an Andersen sampler showed that airborne inoculum was detected only after sporulating leaf lesions producing basidiospores were present in the field, suggesting that the primary inoculum is not airborne. The first symptoms on young, green fruit were observed soon after petal fall (requiring removal of the waxy fruit layer to visualize lesions), and visible disease progress on fruit was delayed by 1 to 3 weeks relative to that on leaves. Fruit infection of field plants and trap plants occurred before airborne propagules were detected by spore trapping and before sporulating leaf lesions were present in the field. Hence, this study showed that fruit infections are initiated by the same initial inoculum as leaf infections but it was not possible to conclusively exclude the possibility of a contribution of basidiospore inoculum from leaf lesions to disease progress on later developing fruit. This is one of only a few studies addressing the epidemiology and disease cycle of an Exobasidium sp. in a pathosystem where artificial inoculation has not been possible to date.
Xanthones of the Gentianaceae—III

Abstract The root of Frasera caroliniensis Walt. has been shown to contain 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyanthone ( 1 ), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone ( 6 ), 1-hydroxy-2,3,7-trimethoxyxanthone ( 9 ), 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone ( 11 ), swerchirin ( 15 ), a swerchirin glycoside ( 16 ), 1,3-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyxanthone ( 18 ), and a compound that yields 1,2,3,5,8-pentamethoxyxanthone ( 19 ) on methylation. The new xanthones have been synthesized by a general method from suitable benzophenone precursors by elimination of a OMe group under strongly basic conditions. This method has also been used to prepare 1,2,3,4,8-pentamethoxyxanthone and 1,3,4,8-tetramethoxyxanthone.
Geospatial-temporal, demographic, and programmatic adoption characteristics of a large-scale water filter and improved cookstove intervention in Western Province, Rwanda

Lowering the global disease burden of preventable disease has been addressed in part by the distribution of health products and behavior change campaigns in low-income countries. Realizing a health...
Semiparametric sieve maximum likelihood estimation under cure model with partly interval censored and left truncated data for application to spontaneous abortion

This work was motivated by observational studies in pregnancy with spontaneous abortion (SAB) as outcome. Clearly some women experience the SAB event but the rest do not. In addition, the data are left truncated due to the way pregnant women are recruited into these studies. For those women who do experience SAB, their exact event times are sometimes unknown. Finally, a small percentage of the women are lost to follow-up during their pregnancy. All these give rise to data that are left truncated, partly interval and right-censored, and with a clearly defined cured portion. We consider the non-mixture Cox regression cure rate model and adopt the semiparametric spline-based sieve maximum likelihood approach to analyze such data. Using modern empirical process theory we show that both the parametric and the nonparametric parts of the sieve estimator are consistent, and we establish the asymptotic normality for both parts. Simulation studies are conducted to establish the finite sample performance. Finally, we apply our method to a database of observational studies on spontaneous abortion.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Complication of Treatment for Recurrent High-Grade Serous Cancer.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Advances in cancer treatment have increased survival for many patients, prompting a need for greater recognition of the long-term complications of treatment. Chemotherapy agents have the potential to induce carcinogenesis and can increase the risk of secondary malignancy. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) used for maintenance treatment of recurrent high-grade serous cancers has been associated with the development of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS Cases of oral cavity SCC in patients with recurrent high-grade serous cancer treated with PLD between 1997 and 2017 at a single institution were reviewed. RESULTS Eight of 16 patients treated with PLD developed oral cavity SCC. The duration of PLD use ranged from 1.3 to 15 years (mean = 5.8 years) and cumulative dose ranged from 405 to 3,000 mg/m2 (mean = 1,542 mg/m2 ). Seven patients tested positive for BRCA mutations (four BRCA 1+, three BRCA 2+). No patients had a history of alcohol or tobacco use. All had early-stage oral cavity disease; five were T1N0, two were T2N0, and one had carcinoma in situ. All patients underwent surgery, and two received adjuvant radiation. Four developed locoregional recurrence requiring additional treatment. Of these, one patient died from complications of oral SCC, one developed recurrent ovarian cancer, and two had no evidence of disease of the oral cavity or ovarian cancer at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Long-term PLD therapy may be associated with the development of oral cavity SCC. A high index of suspicion and routine head and neck examination should be included in follow-up for exposed patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2607-2610, 2020.
Antitachycardia Pacing Termination of Tachycardia

A 72-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and an implantable defibrillator presents to clinic for evaluation of palpitations and presyncope. The patient denies having received any shocks since his device was implanted 9 months ago. Prior interrogation of his device showed normal function except for atrial lead “sensing issues.” The atrial sensitivity was programmed to 0.9 mV. The situation is investigated.
“A Whole Other Layer of Complexity”: Black Transgender Men’s Experiences

Black transgender men are exposed to systems of oppression such as racism and cissexism at unique intersections of marginalized racial and gender identities, yet their experiences within such syste...
The Role of GTP-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Phospholipase A2 and C in Bovine Retinal Rod Outer Segments

Signal-transducing GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are membrane-bound coupling proteins that link the activation of cell surface receptors to changes in specific enzyme activities intracellularly, resulting in altered cellular behavior. These G proteins are heterotrimers which, upon binding of ligand-activated receptors, exchange the GDP bound to the a subunit for GTP and dissociate into the component GTP-bound α and βγ subunits. These dissociated G protein subunits then interact with and modulate the activity of specific effector systems to which they are linked. Effector systems known to be coupled by G proteins include adenylate cyclase (Gilman, 1987); cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase (Elks et al.. 1983; Fung et al., 1981); the Ca++, Na + and K+ ion channels (see review, Dunlap et al., 1987); phospholipase C (Cockcroft and Gomperts, 1985; Ohta et al., 1985) and phospholipase A2 (Jelsema, 1987; Fuse and Tai, 1987; Axelrod et al., 1988).
Ultra-Black Deep-Sea Fishes

This year, our research group reported that a simple pigment-packing mechanism has likely evolved multiple times to produce ultra-black skin in deep-sea fishes, and showed, using finite-difference time-domain modeling, that the melanosomes in ultra-black fishes are optimized in size and shape to minimize reflectance. The work has implications for the creation of robust, easy-to-manufacture ultra-black materials.
Ensemble Species Distribution Model Identifies Survey Opportunities for At-Risk Bearded Beaksedge (Rhynchospora crinipes) in the Southeastern United States

Locating additional occurrences of at-risk species can inform assessments of their status and conservation needs (including potential legal protections). The perennial bearded beaksedge (Rhynchospora crinipes) ranges from Mississippi to North Carolina, but known occurrences are limited. Because of the species' apparent rarity, a model to identify areas with suitable habitat conditions for the species will allow conservationists to effectively prioritize and allocate scarce surveying resources. We used known occurrence records, a suite of environmental datasets, and four species distribution modeling techniques (generalized additive, GAM; maximum entropy, MaxEnt; generalized boosted, GBM; and weighted ensemble) to generate maps to inform surveys for R. crinipes. The ensemble approach improved predictive performance (AUC-PR = 0.95) compared to other techniques (individual model AUC-PR ranged from 0.7 to 0.8). We also obtained quantitative insights on the species' habitat relationships, including the likelihood of R. crinipes's presence near Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) habitat and floodplains, which is consistent with prior field observations. The ensemble model indicated that 3.6% of the study area could be suitable habitat, but only 0.38% had high suitability. Small stream riparian habitats and Atlantic swamp forests in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia had the highest proportion of suitable areas. Prioritizing surveys in areas with model-indicated high habitat suitability is expected to reveal additional R. crinipes occurrences. We suggest surveying efforts for other at-risk species may benefit from using an ensemble modeling approach to identify and prioritize survey areas and improve ecological knowledge of these species.
A New Way of Evaluating Effectiveness of URM Summer Pipeline Programs.

Purpose Many academic medical centers fund educational opportunities (pipeline programs) for students who are underrepresented in medicine (URM). However, there is a sparsity of published literature on pipeline programs and an even smaller body of published literature that investigates program effectiveness. Methods In a retrospective cohort study (n=12) of the Provost's Summer Mentorship Program-Medicine (SMPM), we evaluated students' rating of program effectiveness, students' rating of the program's impact on their mindsets, and SAT scores. Several program mindsets, including sense of belonging (inclusiveness) in the health professions and connection to mentors in the medical field, reflect common barriers that prevent URM students from pursuing careers in medicine as outlined in pipeline literature. We describe program effectiveness using mean and median ratings of SMPM effectiveness, ratings of mindsets, and SAT scores. We used Wilcoxon Rank Sum to assess pre and post program differences in ratings of mindsets and SAT scores. Results SMPM was effective for learners. The overall mean rating for SMPM effectiveness was 4.27. Mindsets for confidence, interest, sense of belonging, college mentorship, and physician mentorship were statistically different from the start to the end of SMPM (p<0.05), with mean improvement of about 34%, 41%, 44%, 180%, and 140% respectively. The mean pre and post SMPM SAT scores as well as 4-month follow-up SAT mean scores were 713 (SD:155), 813 (SD:83), and 1058 (SD:147), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between all three SAT scores (p<0.05). Conclusion In addition to providing educational support, our pipeline program effectively increased students' sense of belonging in the medical field and their connections to physician mentors, which are two common barriers for URM students who are interested in medicine.
Treatment Strategies in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is recognized as a distinct entity by the 2016 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms and has unique morphologic, immunophenotypic and clinical features.1 It differs clinically, pathologically, and biologically from classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) presenting more commonly with early-stage disease, peripheral adenopathy, a more indolent clinical course and excellent overall survival (OS).2
Neuronal Population Models Reveal Specific Linear Conductance Controllers Sufficient to Rescue Preclinical Disease Phenotypes

Objective: During the preclinical phase of drug development, potential drug candidates are often screened for their ability to alleviate certain in vitro electrophysiological features among neurons. This ability is assessed by measuring treatment outcomes using the population mean, both across different cells and different animals. The go/no-go decision for progressing a drug to a clinical trial is then based on ‘average effects’, yet these measures may not be sufficient to mitigate clinical end point risk. Population-based modeling is widely used to represent the intrinsic variability of electrophysiological features among healthy, disease and drug treated neuronal phenotypes. We pursued a method for optimizing therapeutic target design by identifying a single coherent set of ion channel targets for recovery of the healthy (Wild type) cellular phenotype simultaneously across multiple measures. Specifically, we aimed to determine the set of target modulations that best recover a heterogeneous Huntington’s disease (HD) population of model neurons into a multivariate region of phenotypic measurements corresponding to the healthy excitability profile of a heterogenous Wild type (WT) population of model neurons. Methods: Our approach combines mechanistic simulations with populations modeling of striatal neurons using evolutionary algorithms for population optimization to design ‘virtual drugs’. We introduce efficacy metrics to score population of model outcomes and use these to rank our virtual candidates. Results: We found that virtual drugs identified using heuristic approaches performed better than single target modulators and those derived from standard classification methods. We compare a real drug to the virtual candidates and demonstrate a novel in silico triaging method.
COST OF COMMUNICATION

This chapter presents the cost of communication. A communication system consists of more than a communication device. Translators, recorders, interpretors, languages, and lexicons play fundamental roles in transmitting information. It would be beyond the scope of this chapter to explore the economic problems associated with designing minimum cost communication systems where all these aspects are variable. The cost of a communication system may not depend simply on the number of different signals that might be transmitted. A communication system transmits the fact that the state lies in one of the sets in the partition by using symbols from a set of characters and a lexicon. The organization must select a lexicon that economizes on the communication of symbols, as an arbitrary choice of language may force decision-makers and workers to spend inordinate effort encoding and interpreting communication. The cost of sending a message depends on the language chosen and requires the determination of the number of symbols that can be distinguished and the lexicon that codes the messages into words using the recognized symbols.
Pressure Dependence of Energy and Electron transfer in Photosynthetic Complexes

Effect of high pressure on the primary charge separation kinetics of the PS II RC has been investigated using spectral hole burning. These results show that pressure has a pronounced effect on primary electron transfer. This effect is plastic (irreversible) in nature in contrast with the elastic effects of pressure on the low temperature Qy- absorption and non-line narrowed hole spectra of P680. The electron-phonon coupling shows only a weak dependence on pressure. Based on these data and using the theory of hole profiles, the energy of the acceptor state in the primary charge transfer is proposed to have pressure shift rate of 1.0 cm-1/MPa. In Rb. sphaeroides LH II antenna complex, the pressure dependence of the B800 and B850 bands as well as the B800→B850 energy transfer rate have been measured. A possible explanation for the pressure independence of the energy transfer rate is provided.
V2O5SiO2-catalyzed methane partial oxidation with molecular oxygen

The partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde by molecular oxygen has been studied using vanadium(V) oxide-silica catalysts in the temperature range 773–873 K at 1 atm pressure. Although HCHO selectivity in excess of 70% was observed at very low conversions, it was found to decrease rapidly as the extent of reaction was increased. At the highest conversions studied (6.4%), carbon monoxide was the principal reaction product. Methane oxidation was found to follow a sequential reaction path, where formaldehyde is formed from methane, carbon monoxide from formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide. This is in contrast to the molybdenum(VI) oxide-silica-catalyzed reaction, where CO2 is formed directly from methane in a parallel pathway. A model has been constructed based on the sequential mechanism and experimentally derived kinetic parameters. It accounts for the observed selectivity and conversion behavior of this Catalyst.
Response of normal subjects to mitogens. I. Influence of adherent cells.

Abstract Proliferative responses to polyclonal mitogens in normal subjects were found to be partly regulated by adherent cells whose activity was sensitive to low concentrations of indomethacin. In some subjects, adherent cells had a dual effect, i.e., stimulatory when few (1%) and inhibitory when larger number (10–25%) were added to autologous lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. Similarly, indomethacin had a dual effect, i.e., caused enhancement of the proliferative response when added at low concentrations while having suppressive effects at high concentrations. The stimulatory effect was dependent on the presence of adherent cells whereas the inhibitory effect was exerted directly on the nonadherent lymphocyte population. Proliferation in stimulated cultures from low-responder individuals was significantly augmented by adherent cell depletion or indomethacin addition. However, these augmented responses were still significantly below control levels indicating that variance in the level of indomethacin-sensitive adherent regulatory cells is not the only cause for variability of mitogen responsiveness exhibited by normal subjects.
Lactose, Rickets, and the Coevolution of Genes and Culture

A partir des hypotheses de W.H. Durham sur la coevolution des genes et de la culture, l'A. discute les processus d'adaptation alimentaire et biologique des populations vivant dans les pays nordiques et les latitudes septentrionales. Compte tenu du faible rayonnement solaire dans ces regions, et du manque de rayons ultraviolets B (UVB), ces populations ont developpe des adaptations primaires et secondaires necessaires pour l'absorption de la vitamine D et du calcium, afin d'eviter le developpement du rachitisme. L'A. soutient que l'adaptation biologique par la pigmentation de la peau, insuffisante, s'est doublee d'une adaptation par l'alimentation. La consommation reguliere de lait frais et une alimentation riche en poissons gras a permis favoriser, et de maintenir a l'âge adulte, les processus biologiques necessaires pour l'absorption de calcium en quantites suffisantes.
Microwave photonics mixer based on polarization rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier

A wideband microwave photonics mixer is experimentally demonstrated based on the use of phase coherent orthogonal carriers, generated from single sideband modulation in dual drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and polarization-rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier.
Characteristics of post concussive headaches in children presenting to the neurology clinic (P1.301)

Objective: To better understand childhood post concussive headaches Background: Concussion course and treatment differs in children and young adults. Methods: We designed Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management plan and included patients aged 6 to 21 years who presented to the pediatric neurology clinic with a concussion between the years 2011-2013. Findings: 316 patients were enrolled. 55[percnt] of the patients were between 11 to 16 years of age. 55[percnt] were females. 95[percnt] of our patients presented within 75 days from the onset of the concussion. As predicted the most prevalent symptoms were headaches and disordered sleep. Most patients complained of simply having headaches with the majority of these headaches described as moderate (42[percnt]). This was followed by sensitivity to lights, sensitivity to noise and, and pressure in the head. We found that 38[percnt] of our patients who endorsed headaches complained of daily intermittent headache. This was followed by constant headaches in 22[percnt] and the rest endorsed a headache a few days a week or a few days a month. Most patients tried acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and found rest in 57[percnt] of cases and sleep in 45[percnt] of cases improved the headaches most. On the other hand, reading, school work and light made headaches worse in 47[percnt], 50[percnt] and 47[percnt] of cases respectively. In terms of the nature of the headache, most patients describe their headache as pressure-like in (43[percnt]), followed by a aching, pounding or throbbing in 29[percnt] to 33[percnt].When we looked at the past medical history of our patients we found a disproportionate number of our concussed children had a history of ADHD (17[percnt]), headaches (24[percnt]), migraine (11[percnt]) and an IEP or 504 plan at school (21[percnt]). Conclusions: Moderate severity pressure like, daily intermittent headaches are most common. Patients presenting to neurology clinic are likely to have significant comorbidities. Disclosure: Dr. kuemmerle has nothing to disclose.
Trimodality Bladder Preservation Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Potentially curative treatments for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are underused, especially in the elderly. Trimodality bladder preservation therapy, which includes a maximally safe transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, followed by concurrent chemoradiation, fulfills this currently unmet need. In multiple prospective clinical trials and large institutional series, trimodality therapy has demonstrated excellent 5-year overall survival rates of 48% to 65%, comparable to those reported in cystectomy studies. Approximately 75% to 80% of long-term survivors maintain their native bladders, which tend to function well and allow patients to maintain excellent quality of life. Salvage cystectomy for patients who develop a local invasive recurrence can be performed with acceptable operative complication rates, and results in excellent long-term disease control and survival outcomes. For patients with MIBC who are noncystectomy candidates, or select patients who are motivated to keep their native bladders, trimodality bladder preservation therapy is recognized by the International Consultation on Urological Diseases-European Association of Urology and the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Bladder Cancer as an effective alternative to radical cystectomy, and should be considered. In the future, biomarkers may allow improved selection of patients for whom trimodality bladder preservation therapy is most likely to succeed.
The organization of zooplankton epibiont communities.

Recent findings suggest that a diverse set of interactions exists between crustacean zooplankton and the algae, protozoans and metazoans that live attached to them. The frequent molting of the crustacean exoskeleton keeps these epibiont populations in a state of constant renewal and makes this epibiont community an ideal experimental system for examining the organization of communities whose populations are distributed among ephemeral habitat patches.
Reovirus induction of MHC class II antigen in rat thyroid cells.

We have previously demonstrated that cultured rat thyroid cells do not exhibit constitutive expression of major histocompatability (MHC) class II antigens. Using reovirus types 1 and 3, we infected 1B-6 cells (a cloned derivative of the Fisher rat cell line FRTL-5), and found a dose-dependent induction of thyroid cell MHC class II antigen expression as determined by laser flow cytometry and FITC-labelled OX-6 anti-RTl.B. As the number of viral particles/cell used for the infections increased from 5 to 100, the number of antigen positive cells increased, in reovirus type 3 infections to 50%, and in reovirus type 1 infections to 15%. Kinetic studies indicated that MHC class II antigen expression continues to increase three days after infection. Viral infection and the resulting MHC class II antigen expression may allow presentation of thyroid antigen to the immune system and participate in the initiation of autoimmune thyroid disease.
The Intersection of Spirituality, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity in Family Therapy Training: An Exploration of Students’ Beliefs and Practices

This study explored the relationship between the level of clinical training that family therapy students receive related to spirituality and/or religion and their beliefs about providing therapy to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) clients. The sample consists of 341 students in family therapy programs who completed an online survey assessing the level of training on spirituality and/or religion that students received as well as indicators assessing the level of congruence between students’ spiritual and/or religious beliefs and the practices of LGBT affirmative and reparative therapies. The findings highlight a number of significant associations between the training students receive on spirituality and/or religion and their beliefs about therapy with LGBT clients.
The synthesis of an enantiopure planar-chiral Lewis acid complex via kinetic resolution and its application in stereoselective additions to imines

This report describes the synthesis and an application of a new planar-chiral Lewis acid based on a 1,2-azaborolyl framework. The enantiopure complex is generated through an intriguing kinetic resolution by a chiral nucleophile. Imines bind in excellent yield to the planar-chiral 1,2-azaborolyl, furnishing crystallographically characterizable adducts that adopt the conformation that had been anticipated on the basis of steric considerations. Nucleophiles add with high stereoselectivity to these complexes, with the predicted sense of asymmetric induction.
Statistical ray tracing in plasmas with random density fluctuations

The propagation of light rays in a plasma is considered for small density fluctuations superimposed upon a given background density profile. The lowest-order angular spreading, focusing, and drift effects are calculated in the geometrical-optics limit using a statistical random-walk approach. This method is an economical semianalytic alternative to a purely numerical ray-trace approach and is of particular but not exclusive interest in describing the propagation of laser light in laser-produced plasmas. The model is applied to a simple fluctuation spectrum characterized by an rms amplitude and by a correlation length. Results are presented for the evolution of the intensity profiles of beams incident on a plane-parallel linear-profile plasma slab as a function of the angle of incidence. Comparisons of these results with numerical Monte Carlo ray-trace solutions show good agreement. Density fluctuations as small as a few percent of the critical density can, for example, produce significant angular broadening in the specularly reflected beam and reduce the sensitivity of the absorption fraction to the incidence angle, particularly near normal incidence.