cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Behavior Change in Patients with Developmental Disabilities.

A mother brought her 19-year-old nonverbal, autistic son to our clinic. She requested medication for him to reduce the number of episodes that include loud vocalizations, thrashing, and head banging. These episodes usually occur in the car. At baseline, the man has difficulty with movement, characterized by decreased fine-motor control, impulsivity, and sudden darting away. His vision and hearing are normal. He often becomes overstimulated in busy environments.
A Qualitative Synthesis of the Flynn Effect

The question of what is driving the Flynn effect has perplexed researchers for several decades. In Neisser’s (1998) seminal volume, The Rising Curve, an international group of intelligence research...
The Names Bēow, Scēf, Scyld and Bēowulf: Shares into Swords

ABSTRACTAmong the legendary figures in the early verses of Beowulf, it is proposed that Scyld replaced an early name for the sickle or scythe, in a martial and, in literary terms, epic development of an original agrarian triad of cereal crop (bēow “barley”), reaping instrument (sicol, siðe) and resulting sheaf of grain (scēf). In this context, the name Bēowulf is envisaged as possibly having originated in bēow-wulf “barley wolf”, on the model of German Roggenwolf, a malign spirit that attacks grain in the field. In early Britain the name may have been reinterpreted as the conventionally recognised “bee-wolf” (= bear) and assigned a very different value in the epic and aristocratic environment of the poem as defender of the community and its fields.
Progress on design of radial klystrons

Vacuum electronic devices, such as rf sources for accelerator applications, must provide high rf power with high efficiency. To achieve these requirements, multi-beam klystron and sheet-beam klystron devices have been developed. Multi-beam klystrons, at high frequency employ separate output cavities; hence they have the disadvantage that combining externally all the rf pulses is challenging. Sheet-beam klystrons have problems with instabilities and with space charge forces that makes the beam not naturally confined. We are proposing an alternative approach that reduces space charge problems, by adopting geometries in which the space charge forces are naturally balanced. In this paper we will present the design and challenges of a radial klystron, composed by concentric pancake resonant cavities. In this case, space charge forces are naturally balanced in the azimuthal direction.
The Electroencephalogram in Febrile Seizures

The clinical value of EEG investigations in children with febrile seizures is reviewed from the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parke Hospital for Children, Old Road, Hedington, Oxford, England.
Retroperitoneal neural sheath tumors: Cleveland Clinic experience.

AbstractRetroperitoneal neural sheath tumors are a rare clinical entity with a variable and nonspecific presentation, whose accurate preoperative diagnosis often can be difficult. Since July 1984, 9 retroperitoneal neural sheath tumors, including 3 benign schwannomas, 3 malignant schwannomas and 3 neurofibromas, were evaluated at our institution. Preoperative evaluation included a computerized tomography scan in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in 4. Magnetic resonance imaging offered better resolution and anatomical definition in certain cases. Preoperative computerized tomography-guided needle biopsy, performed in 3 patients, yielded inaccurate or inconclusive results. The 6 patients with surgically resected benign schwannomas and neurofibromas had no local recurrences and all 6 had no evidence of disease (mean followup 17.3 and 14 months, respectively). Malignant tumors, especially when associated with von Recklinghausen’s disease, offered a poor prognosis. Surgical considerations include co...
Increased Service Use Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated With Mental Health Parity Law

Health care services for children with autism spectrum disorder are often expensive and frequently not covered under private health insurance. The 2008 Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act was viewed as a possible means of improving access by eliminating differences between behavioral health and medical/surgical benefits. We examined whether the legislation was associated with increased use of and spending on mental health care and functional services for children with autism spectrum disorder compared to the period prior to implementation of the law. We used nationwide health insurance commercial group claims data to examine trends in service use and spending among children with autism spectrum disorder before and after implementation of the law. For such children, implementation was associated with increased use of both mental health and non–mental health services. These increases in use were not associated with higher out-of-pocket spending, which suggests that...
Walkable Art: An Empirical Investigation of Arts-Related Businesses and Walkable Neighborhoods

The goal of this study is to quantitatively examine the relationship between walkability and arts-related businesses in metropolitan areas across the United States. Model results indicate that the relationship between arts businesses and walkability is sensitive to the size or scale of the business considered, as well as to the definition of the arts used. Larger-scale businesses are somewhat more likely to locate in walkable neighborhoods than are small-scale arts-related businesses, which are less likely to locate in walkable neighborhoods. This difference is likely due to the higher cost of property in these neighborhoods. In this regard, community-level economic development and planning entities need to take proactive measures to ameliorate the cost externalities associated with modifications to urban environments to make them more walkable.
Post-discharge outcomes of failed car seat tolerance screens: A case-control and follow-up study.

Background Despite widespread implementation, limited data exists relating morbidity or adverse outcomes to Car Seat Tolerance Screen (CSTS) result in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. The objective of this study was to determine longer term post-discharge outcomes of infants who failed a CSTS. Methods We performed a case control study evaluating outcomes of infants born over one year who failed vs. passed an initial CSTS, utilizing both retrospective medical record review and parental survey data 2-3 years after discharge. Subjects were matched one case of failed CSTS to two controls who passed CSTS based on sex, gestational age, and BW. We performed bivariate analysis of clinical and demographic risk factors comparing those who passed vs. failed CSTS. Results We identified 19 subjects who failed and matched to 37 controls. Cases were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.027), asthma (p = 0.016), and be treated with albuterol (p = 0.008). We did not find differences in frequency of urgent care visits or hospital admissions between the groups. Although more of the cases were noted to have developmental delays, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate longer term post-discharge outcomes of subjects having undergone CSTS. Subjects who failed CSTS had significantly increased incidence of respiratory diagnoses such as OSA and asthma than matched controls by 2-3 years after discharge. Larger studies are necessary to further evaluate these findings, but this does provide data that CSTS may be useful in identifying at risk neonates.
Chapter 9 First total synthesis of (+)-Amphidinolide T1

Publisher Summary Amphidinolides are a series of unique cytotoxic macrolides, many of which have shown significant antitumor properties against a variety of NCI tumor cell lines. Amphidinolides A through W exhibit remarkable structural diversity, the range is from 12-membered to 29-membered ring systems. More than half of the amphidinolides possess an odd-numbered macrocyclic lactone ring, different from the general macrolide natural products that possess even-numbered rings. The absolute configurations of some amphidinolides have been determined by X-ray analysis and interconversion. This synthesis represents a well-convergent and stereocontrolled route to the first total synthesis of natural product amphidinolide T1. A number of synthetic technologies have been developed during the course of this endeavor. The functional group compatibility of the oxocarbenium ion-mediated alkylation reaction, efficient cross metathesis, diastereoselective aldol reactions, and the use of a cyclic bromoether as a novel protection of the exo-methylene group are noteworthy features. The first total synthesis of amphidinolide T1 was accomplished in 16 (longest linear sequence) steps and 5.6% overall yield, starting with a syn-aldol reaction developed in the laboratory. This chapter gives the chronology of events that led to its first total synthesis.
Assessment of tree bark as a biomonitor of anthropogenic thorium and radium contamination

This pilot study investigated tree bark as a potential biomonitor of thorium and radium contamination in the environment, using the former Fernald Feed Materials Production Center (FFMPC) in southwest Ohio as a test case. Tree bark samples collected in the vicinity of the FFMPC have radium and thorium concentrations ~ 8X and ~ 10X background levels, respectively, and exhibit elevated 230Th/232Th relative to background. These results suggest that the tree bark hosts contaminant Th and Ra from the FFMPC, and that these signatures can be used as tracers of anthropogenic actinide contamination in the environment.
Racing Against the Vocabulary Gap: Matthew Effects in Early Vocabulary Instruction and Intervention:

We investigated whether individual differences in overall receptive vocabulary knowledge measured at the beginning of the year moderated the effects of a kindergarten vocabulary intervention that s...
Teacher Leadership and High-Stakes Teacher Evaluation: Complementary or Conflicting Approaches to Improvement?

Teacher leadership is frequently implemented alongside top-down mandates as a way to provide both pressure and support for change. At the same time, the convergence of policy tools with fundamental...
SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT ANEURYSM RESULTING IN EXTRINSIC PULMONARY ARTERY COMPRESSION AND RIGHT HEART FAILURE REQUIRING RIGHT VENTRICULAR IMPELLA SUPPORT

Saphenous vein graft aneurysm (SVGA) is uncommon and cardiogenic shock is a rare manifestation of SVGA. A 57 year old male with bypass surgery 8 years ago presented with worsening dyspnea despite diuresis. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed flow acceleration across the right ventricular outflow
Obesity Paradox in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose— Although obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, studies have shown evidence of an obesity paradox—a protective effect of obesity in pat...
Geographic Availability of Physicians Certified by the American Board of Obesity Medicine Relative to Obesity Prevalence

Objective The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of adult and pediatric American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM) diplomates relative to the prevalence of obesity by US state. Methods Data from the ABOM physician directory were used to determine original specialty and US state. Physicians were labeled as "adult medicine" physicians (i.e., internal medicine, family medicine, or internal medicine and pediatrics), "pediatric medicine" physicians (i.e., pediatrics, family medicine, or internal medicine and pediatrics), and "other physicians" (i.e., surgical specialty, other specialty, or unknown). Prevalence of obesity by state, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used for adults and adolescents in 2017 and for children in 2014. Counts of ABOM-certified adult medicine physicians and pediatric medicine physicians were conducted relative to obesity prevalence by state. Results A total of 2,577 US-based ABOM-certified physicians were included (79% from adult medicine, 38% from pediatric medicine, and 15% from other fields). All US states had more than one ABOM-certified adult medicine physician, although geographic disparities existed in physician availability relative to obesity prevalence. Fewer pediatric medicine ABOM diplomates were available in all states. Conclusions Promotion of ABOM training and certification in certain geographic locations and among pediatric physicians may help address disparities in ABOM diplomate availability relative to obesity burden.
Atomic layer deposition of h-BN(0001) multilayers on Ni(111) and chemical vapor deposition of graphene on h-BN(0001)/Ni(111)

In situ direct, epitaxial growth of multilayers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene without physical transfer is of significant interest for the scalable production of graphene/h-BN heterostructures for device applications. Deposition on magnetic substrates is of particular interest for spin tunneling applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction demonstrate epitaxial atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of multilayer h-BN(0001) on Ni(111) and subsequent deposition of azimuthally-aligned multilayer graphene on h-BN(0001)/Ni(111) by chemical vapor deposition. Boron nitride ALD was accomplished with alternating cycles of BCl3/NH3 at a 600 K substrate temperature, and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. Subsequent deposition of graphene was achieved by chemical vapor deposition using ethylene (CH2CH2) at 1000 K.In situ direct, epitaxial growth of multilayers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene without physical transfer is of significant interest for the scalable production of graphene/h-BN heterostructures for device applications. Deposition on magnetic substrates is of particular interest for spin tunneling applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction demonstrate epitaxial atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of multilayer h-BN(0001) on Ni(111) and subsequent deposition of azimuthally-aligned multilayer graphene on h-BN(0001)/Ni(111) by chemical vapor deposition. Boron nitride ALD was accomplished with alternating cycles of BCl3/NH3 at a 600 K substrate temperature, and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. Subsequent deposition of graphene was achieved by chemical vapor deposition using ethylene (CH2CH2) at 1000 K.
Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescriptions Among Older Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer.

Guidelines recommend using caution in co-prescribing opioids with benzodiazepines, yet, in practice, the extent of concurrent prescribing is poorly understood. Notably, no population-based studies, to our knowledge, have investigated concurrent prescribing among patients with cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked with Medicare claims (2012-2016) for women diagnosed with breast cancer. We used modified Poisson regression to examine predictors of any concurrent prescriptions in the year post-diagnosis and Poisson regression to examine predictors of the number of overlapping days. We found that 13.0% of the 19 267 women in our sample had concurrent prescriptions. Women who underwent more extensive treatment and those with previous use of opioids or benzodiazepines were at increased risk for concurrent prescriptions (adjusted risk ratio of previous benzodiazepine use vs no previous use = 15.05, 95% confidence interval = 13.19 to 17.19). Among women with concurrent prescriptions, overlap was most pronounced among low-income, rural, and Hispanic women (adjusted incidence rate ratio of Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.20 to 1.30). Our results highlight opportunities to reduce patients' unnecessary exposure to this combination.
UNIT 7.3 Differential Staining of DNA and RNA

Cell cycle analysis by means of differential staining of RNA and DNA permits determination of RNA content, which in turn allows one to discriminate G0 versus G1 cells and to detect cell differentiation. This unit presents two protocols for differential staining, one using the metachromatic dye acridine orange (AO) and the other a combination of pyronin Y (PY) and Hoechst 33342. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and the Hoechst-PY method is not applicable to single-laser instruments. A third protocol describes staining of viable cells to identify/sort hematopoietic stem cells, with an alternative that includes simultaneous immunostaining. Keywords: flow cytometry; cell cycle analysis; nucleic acid staining; acridine orange; DNA staining; RNA staining; hematopoietic stem cells; pyronin Y; Hoechst 33342
Abstract OI: Novel non-canonical functions of EZH2 in triple negative breast cancer

Patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis have significantly worse prognosis. Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) are heterogeneous tumors with propensity to metastasize and a guarded short term prognosis. The link between breast cancer and regulators of cell type identity was demonstrated in 2003, when enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EZH2, was reportedly overexpressed in approximately 55% of breast cancer tissue samples and was significantly associated with estrogen receptor negative status and worse disease free and overall survival. As the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), the methyltransferase EZH2 deposits trimethyl marks on histone tails of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) to effect transcriptional repression. However, in a subset (~ 30%) TNBC high levels of EZH2 are associated with low H3K27me3, suggesting the intriguing possibility that in this group of tumors EZH2 may promote progression through other unknown mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that in TNBC EZH2 may indeed function independent of PRC2 and H3K27me3 activity. During breast cancer initiation, EZH2 enhances breast cancer stem cells and mammary tumor development through transcriptional activation of NOTCH1 and upregulation of its signaling pathway. More recent data show that EZH2 protein binds to p38 MAP kinase with resulting EZH2 phosphorylation at threonine 367 and accumulation in the cytoplasm of TNBC cells. In breast cancer tissue samples, cytoplasmic pEZH2 T367 is significantly associated with low H3K27me3 levels and a triple negative phenotype. Mechanistically, pEZH2 T367 protein binds to cytoplasmic regulators of cell migration and invasion, and is required for metastasis. These studies demonstrate a H3K27me3-independent mechanism of EZH2 function in TNBC progression. Future investigations will be required to test the therapeutic potential of inhibiting EZH2 non-canonical mechanisms alone or in combination with pharmacological targeting of EZH2 methyltransferase activity in TNBC. Citation Format: CG Kleer. Novel non-canonical functions of EZH2 in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OI.
Fibroblast contributions to ischemic cardiac remodeling.

The heart can respond to increased pathophysiological demand through alterations in tissue structure and function . This process, called cardiac remodeling, is particularly evident following myocardial infarction (MI), where the blockage of a coronary artery leads to widespread death of cardiac muscle. Following MI, necrotic tissue is replaced with extracellular matrix (ECM), and the remaining viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo hypertrophic growth. ECM deposition and cardiac hypertrophy are thought to represent an adaptive response to increase structural integrity and prevent cardiac rupture. However, sustained ECM deposition leads to the formation of a fibrotic scar that impedes cardiac compliance and can induce lethal arrhythmias. Resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are considered the primary source of ECM molecules such as collagens and fibronectin, particularly after becoming activated by pathologic signals. CFs contribute to multiple phases of post-MI heart repair and remodeling, including the initial response to CM death, immune cell (IC) recruitment, and fibrotic scar formation. The goal of this review is to describe how resident fibroblasts contribute to the healing and remodeling that occurs after MI, with an emphasis on how fibroblasts communicate with other cell types in the healing infarct scar –.
Neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 of convalescent and control plasma used in a randomized controlled trial.

Background There are limited data on the neutralizing activity of convalescent plasma (CP) administered in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of COVID-19 infection. Study design and methods As part of an RCT, CP was collected per FDA guidelines from individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection. CP donors had to have ≥145 optical density (OD) units (ideal target ≥300) using a semiquantitative, immunochromatographic test for IgG antibody to the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 (typical range 0-500 OD units). A random subset of samples [14 control plasma, 12 CP "medium-anti-NP" (145-299 OD units), and 13 CP "high" anti-NP (≥300 OD units)] were tested for neutralizing antibodies using an established viral luciferase antibody inhibition assay to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus that encoded spike protein (SARS2-Strunc ) on a human immunodeficiency virus 1 vector (NL43dEnvNanoLuc), using ACE2-expressing 293 T cells. The titer needed to neutralize 50% of viral activity (NT50) was calculated. Results The uptake of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus by 293TACE2 cells was inhibited by pretreatment with CP compared to control CP (p 1:80 in 100% of randomly selected samples, using a conservative approach that excluded non-specific binding. Discussion Plasma from donors screened using an immunochromatographic test for IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 NP exhibited neutralizing activity meeting FDA's minimum standard in all randomly selected COVID-19 CP units.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Emergency Department of a tertiary children's hospital.

Italy was the first country in Europe affected by COVID-19: the emergency started on February 20, 2020, culminating with national lockdown on March 11, which terminated on May 4, 2020. We describe how the pandemic affected Emergency Department (ED) accesses in a tertiary children’s hospital, composed by two different pediatric centers, one located in Rome’s city center and the second, Palidoro (regional COVID-19 center), in its surrounding metropolitan area, both in the Lazio region, analyzing the profile of admitted patients during the pandemic period in terms of their general characteristics (at presentation in the ED’s) and urgent hospitalizations compared to prepandemic period. The study compare the period between the 21st of February and the 30th of April 2020, covering the three phases of the national responses (this period will be referred to as the pandemic period) with the same period of 2019 (prepandemic period). The study analyzes the number of ED visits and urgent hospitalizations and their distribution according to selected characteristics. The reduction of ED visits was 56 and 62%, respectively in Rome and Palidoro centers. The higher relative decline was encountered for Diseases of Respiratory System, and for Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs. A doubling of the relative frequency of hospitalizations was observed, going from 14.2 to 24.4% in Rome and from 6.4 to 10.3% in Palidoro. In terms of absolute daily numbers the decrease of urgent hospitalizations was less sharp than ED visits. For pathologies such as peritonitis, tumors or other possible life-treathening conditions we did not observe a significative increase due to delayed access. In the pandemic period there was a general reduction in the number of children referred to ED, such reduction was greater in low-acuity levels. The reduction for respiratory tract infections and other communicable diseases during school closure and the national lockdown must make us reflect on the possible impact that these conditions may have on the health system, in particular the ED, at the reopening of schools. The major problem remains the fear for possible diagnostic delays in life-threatening or crippling diseases; our study doesn’t demonstrate an increase in number or significant delay in some serious conditions such as tumors, peritonitis, diabetic ketoacidosis, ileo-colic intussusception and testis/ovary torsion. A continuous, deep re-organizational process step by step of the ED is nececessary in the present and upcoming pandemic situation.
What bovine practitioners need to know about caseous lymphadenitis

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is one of the costliest, but most under-appreciated infectious diseases of sheep and goats, often leading to premature culling or death. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep and goats results in lifelong infection, with reoccurring abscesses of the peripheral and/or internal lymph nodes and the associated clinical signs. Transmission is by direct contact and indirectly by contamination of feeders, equipment, and the environment. Diagnosis is by abscess culture or necropsy. The serologic test has limitations but can be used to detect exposure to the organism; it may be used to facilitate segregation or culling in herds with low incidence of CL or to exclude introduction of infected animals. Premises hygiene, vaccination, segregation of herd by disease status, and isolation of clinical animals during treatment are the main strategies used to control CL in heavily infected herds. Intensive management of clinical abscesses with early detection ofripening abscesses, animal isolation until the abscess is healed, lancing abscesses in an isolation environment, and preventing cross-contamination of premises and potential fomites are keys to successful management. Vaccination can be used to reduce the number of animals with abscesses and the number of abscesses per animal, thereby reducing the overall herd exposure in endemic herds. Control and eradication of CL requires longterm commitment to an integrated management approach to reduce environmental contamination and prevent direct transmission in the herd or flock.
Mechanical Design of Storage Cells

In this contribution I will describe the mechanical design aspects of storage cells for polarized internal gas targets. Such targets consist of a flux of polarized atoms directed into a thin-walled storage cell. I will limit myself to applications involving medium- and high-energy electron rings, such as the MIT-Bates and NIKHEF pulse-stretcher rings, and the HERA electron storage ring at DESY. As target gas I will only consider polarized hydrogen, deuterium and 3He. Valuable practical experience with polarized internal gas targets has been obtained by the Argonne-Novosibirsk collaboration[1] at the VEPP-3 electron machine. Tests[2] with a storage cell have also been conducted at the DORIS machine at DESY. In the former experiment a 94 cm long elliptical tube with a 46 (24) mm horizontal (vertical) aperture has been used. In the latter case a 50 cm long fixed cylindrical stainless steel tube with a diameter of 15 mm has been employed. Furthermore, experience has been gained during the design and construction of the MIT polarized 3He internal target[3], while valuable in-beam experience was obtained in experiments using the Caltech polarized 3He external target[4].
Institutional Isomorphism in Venture Capital Investment Decision Making: Industry Characteristics and Investment Preferences

This study uses an institutional frame to develop a test of isomorphic pressures that influence venture capital principals' investment behavior. Specifically, we hypothesize several linkages between specific industry-level characteristics and the isomorphic pressures that subsequently affect investment decision making in the venture capital industry with respect to those industries. The sample consists of 14,331 investment deals that occurred from 1992-2002, and a set of archival measures of industry task environment characteristics. The findings demonstrate that clear institutional isomorphic mechanisms are at work in the venture capital industry. Recommendations for future research and extensions of this study are developed.
Saturated free fatty acid toxicity. II. Lipid accumulation, ultrastructural alterations, and toxicity in mammalian cells in culture.

Abstract The addition of 3 × 10 −4 M long-chain saturated free fatty acids (FFA) to suspension tissue cultures of strain L mouse fibroblasts resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation and eventual cell death. The earliest morphologic alterations associated with this toxicity were characteristic elongated dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These appeared as angular, slit-like, electron-translucent spaces which displaced the normal granular contents of the ER. Lipid analyses demonstrated the early accumulation of triglyceride and FFA in these cells. Longer incubations produced other morphologic changes associated with cell injury, and elevations of all lipid fractions were found. Unsaturated FFA at the same concentration did not inhibit culture growth. Cells incubated with unsaturated FFA contained numerous cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but no other ultrastructural abnormalities were noted. Intracellular triglyceride was markedly increased, without accumulation of any other major lipid fraction. These findings indicate that saturated FFA toxicity may be due to the deposition of saturated fats within the ER with subsequent interference with cellular metabolism.
A new statistical model combining shape and spherical harmonics illumination for face reconstruction

This paper develops a new statistical model that can be used to recover the 3D face shape from a single image taken under arbitrary lighting conditions. The proposed statistical model combines shape and image intensity information. The latter is represented by a spherical harmonics (SH) space. Given a training data set of aligned height maps of faces and their corresponding albedos, The input image is projected into the space spanned by the SH basis images of each member in the data set. The combined statistical model is obtained by performing the PCA on both the SH projections and the height maps. Finally, the face is reconstructed by fitting the model to the input intensity image. In addition to the shape recovery, the proposed model can be used to recover the face albedo and to estimate the light direction. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
Sexual Myths and Racism.

(1974). Sexual Myths and Racism. School Health Review: Vol. 5, Sex Education and Stereotypes, pp. 38-41.
Understanding and treating Hindu patients

Publisher Summary This chapter describes how to understand and treat Hindu patients. This chapter attempts to guide mental health clinicians in the understanding and treatment of Hindu patients. It is estimated that over 800 million people in the world adhere to Hinduism. The cultural and religious ways of approaching a Hindu patient, a clinician should remember to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy religious factors in a patient's adaptation to life situations. Healthy spirituality involves courage, prudence, love for oneself, love for others, as well as knowledge and open-mindedness. These factors work together to make a person well integrated. From a Hindu viewpoint, unhealthy religiosity involves excessive fear, lack of prudence, selfishness, self-hate, hate of others, ignorance, and close-mindedness, as well as more extreme symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations of a religious nature. Psychiatrists may encounter Hindu patients who are at various stages of spiritual development and cultural adaptation. In many cases spiritual issues may be related to psychological issues. Psychological treatment may then free the patient to move to a higher level of spirituality. This chapter summarizes that, however, that psychiatric treatments may not lead to the greatest level of spirituality and that patients' faith and cultural practices may continue where the psychiatrist has left off.
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign on CT: efficacy in detecting middle cerebral artery thrombosis.

The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is a CT predictor of the development of a large cerebral infarct. The limits of detectability were tested in a blinded, then unblinded analysis of CT scans from 25 acute stroke patients. In the initial blinded analysis, sign detection exhibited the following mean values: sensitivity, 78.5%; specificity, 93.4%; positive predictive value, 66%; negative predictive value, 96.4%; accuracy, 91.3%. Kappa statistics analysis indicated poor interobserver agreement (k = .38). Results of unblinded analysis were as follows: sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 94.4%; positive predictive value, 82.8%; negative predictive value, 88.7%; accuracy, 87.3%. There was fair unblinded interobserver agreement (k = .53). Unblinded analysis had a lower false-positive frequency and did not increase the number of true-positive determinations. We conclude that detection of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign on CT scans by multiple observers is a sensitive, accurate, and predictive indicator of middle cerebral artery thromboembolism.
Requirements and Benefits of Implementing Just-In-Time Manufacturing for Small-Firm Manufacturers

This study explores the applicability of Just-In-Time (/IT ) manufacturing elements for small-firm manufacturers. A survey of small-firm electronic firms was undertaken to identify and document the level of /IT implementation alread y underway. Integrating concepts necessary for successful /IT implemen­ tation along with the benefits of /IT are also discussed . It is suggested that /IT manufacturing is a viable and useful strategy to enhance the competitive position of small manufacturing firms.
A two-locus neutrality test: Applications to humans, E. coli and lodgepole pine

The expected disequilibrium between two loci with k alleles at one locus and l alleles at the other is given for a sample of size n drawn from a population under neutrality equilibrium. Three different measures of disequilibrium with 95% intervals are tabulated for combinations of n, k, l and 4Nc, where N is the effective population size and c is the amount of recombination between the loci. The extent and pattern of disequilibrium are strongly dependent upon 4Nc and are somewhat dependent on n, k and l. The 95% intervals are large, particularly for low numbers of alleles and low values of 4Nc. As examples, observed disequilibrium from histocompatibility loci in humans (HLA) and electrophoretic data in E. coli and lodgepole pine were compared to these theoretical values. Using information about recombination rates, the HLA data showed more disequilibrium than neutrality expectations, whereas electrophoretic data from E. coli and lodgepole pine had somewhat less disequilibrium than neutrality expectations.
Bile Acids Modify Alkaline Phosphatase Induction and Bile Secretion Pressure After Bile Duct Obstruction in the Rat

Abstract Bile acids induce synthesis of alkaline phosphatase by cultured hepatocytes. To test whether bile acids account for this enzyme's elevation during cholestasis, we developed an experimental model in which the content of the bile acid pool is controlled at the beginning of cholestasis. After depleting the bile acid pool by external biliary drainage, we obstructed bile flow in four groups of rats and then replenished the pool in three groups with taurocholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, or tauroursodeoxycholate, respectively, and replaced no bile acid in the fourth. Hepatic bile acid concentrations were elevated in all obstructed groups; however, the levels were higher in the groups that received bile acid replacement. Cholate was not metabolized, but both chenodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate were transformed to β-muricholate. Although hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity rose in all obstructed animals, the levels achieved were higher in each group treated with bile acids than in the group that was not. Increases in plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase and 5′-nucleotidase occurred only after treatment with cholate or chenodeoxycholate. Bile secretion pressure was higher after ursodeoxycholate or no bile acid treatment but was lower after cholate or chenodeoxycholate replacement. Thus, all bile acids tested induced hepatic alkaline phosphatase to some degree, but only certain ones—those which reduced bile secretion pressure—released the enzyme into plasma. We conclude that, in the rat, the hepatic response to acute cholestasis is influenced by the composition of the intrahepatic bile acid pool and that various bile acids have significantly different effects on this response.
n-3 PUFA-Containing Phospholipids Studied by MD Simulations: A Comparison of EPA, DPA and DHA

A wide range of health benefits is associated with consuming omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from marine oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), its metabolite docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) are the major n-3 PUFAs derived primarily from dietary consumption. Whether their effects on health are shared or complementary is a matter of current debate. To understand how molecular organization within cell membranes responds to the incorporation of each n-3 PUFA into phospholipids, we are performing MD simulations on model membrane systems composed of 1-stearoyl-2-eicosapentaenoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-20:5PC), 1-stearoyl-2-docosapentaenoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-22:5PC), 1-stearoyl-2-docoshexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-22:6PC) and, as a monounsaturated comparison, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (SOPC, 18:0-18:1PC) in the absence and presence of cholesterol.
Aggregate models based on improved group methods for simulation and optimization of distillation systems

Abstract This note deals with aggregate models for complex distillation systems in large-scale flowsheets. Group methods were originally devised for simple absorber and stripper calculations with no major extensions for handling distillation. In this work, group methods are systematically analyzed and further improved by modifying some of the previously proposed approximations. As a result, the improved group method exhibits accurate predictions and this is demonstrated using simulation and optimization case studies for a variety of chemical systems and operating conditions. It is observed that the prediction of output variables is in close agreement with that of the rigorous equilibrium stage model. In case of optimization problems, the optimal number of trays and feed locations differ by only one or two trays. The aggregate model can be applied in a sequence of steps in order to improve the reliability and robustness of the solution procedure. A rounding heuristic is also proposed which can provide near-optimal solutions with a significant reduction in computational time.
Decentralized stockage policies in a multiechelon environment

Characteristics of supply performance at the top echelon of an optimally managed multiechelon supply system are investigated; insights are developed which are useful in devising coordinated single-echelon policies which can approximate the benefits derived from multiechelon management.
Minimum infection rate of Ambylomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in Southern Indiana

In 1994 and 1995, 8 cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis were confirmed. These cases originated from southern counties where the putative tick vector Amblyomma americanum (L.) is well established. To confirm the presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in ticks in southern Indiana and to determine the minimum infection rate, specimens of A. americanum were collected from 5 counties (7 sites). Nucleic acid was isolated from 88 pools of ticks (430 individuals) using an optimized phenol/CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) extraction procedure and subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis using species-specific 16S rRNA gene bacterial primers. Twenty-one of 88 pools (a minimum of 21 of 430 individuals) were positive for the presence of E. chaffeensis , yielding an average minimum infection rate of 4.9%. Minimum infection rates at individual sites ranged from 0 to 9.4%. These data extend the known distribution of the bacterium to 3 southern counties of Indiana and suggest a higher prevalence of E. chaffeensis than previously reported for Missouri, North Carolina, or Kentucky.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in epithelial ovarian cancer: Relation to results at second-look laparotomy and survival☆

We determined the proliferative index (PI) of 92 previously untreated advanced epithelial ovarian cancers using PCNA/cyclin immunostaining and image analysis quantitation. In this retrospective study, there was a relationship between tumor PI and 5-year survival. For patients with a tumor PI greater than the median, the estimated 5-year survival was 44%; for patients with a tumor PI below the median, the estimated 5-year survival was 15% (P = 0.003). This may partly reflect sensitivity to chemotherapy, as those patients with more rapidly proliferating tumors were more likely to achieve a pathologic complete response to platinum-based therapy.
Prolonged ileus with acute spinal cord injury responding to metaclopramide

This is a case report of an acute C-5 complete quadriplegic with prolonged ileus. The ileus resolved only after the administration of metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility, has few significant side effects, and may be of use in decreasing the ileus associated with acute spinal cord injuries.
A temporal imaging and microscopy of atoms

Abstract A way of temporal imaging of neutral atoms by means of pulsed gradient light potentials is considered. The possibility of producing 1D, 2D and 3D images of an atomic sample with resolution of about 0.1 nm and magnification up to 10 7 is shown.
A locus control region adjacent to the human red and green visual pigment genes

Abstract Deletion of sequences 5′ of the human red and green pigment gene array results in blue cone monochromacy, a disorder in which both red and green cone function are absent. To test whether these sequences are required for transcription of the adjacent visual pigment genes in cone photoreceptors, we produced transgenic mice carrying sequences upstream of the red and green pigment genes fused to a β-galactosidase reporter. The patterns of transgene expression indicate that the human sequences direct expression to both long and short wave-sensitive cones in the mouse retina and that a region between 3.1 kb and 3.7 kb 5′ of the red pigment gene transcription initiation site is essential for expression. Sequences within this region are highly conserved among humans, mice, and cattle, even though the latter two species have only a single visual pigment gene at this locus. These experiments suggest a model in which an interaction between the conserved 5′ region and either the red or the green pigment gene promoter determines which of the two genes a given cone expresses.
School violence interventions in the safe schools/healthy students initiative: evaluation of two early intervention programs

The Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative was designed to encourage collaboration among school districts and local community service providers in the provision of behavioral health prevention and early intervention efforts. These efforts would address the physical safety of students as well as provide mental health, violence prevention, and social skills services. One local SS/HS Initiative brought together community and school collaborators in an ambitious agenda that included 14 distinct programs that addressed the needs of over 110,000 students in a large school district. The purpose of the current paper is to report the results of the evaluation of two of the programs designed to reduce violent and disruptive behavior in schools. The programs include a school-based anger management program and a community-based, alternative-to-suspension program. Working in cooperation with program staff and the school district, quasi-experimental designs were used to measure change over time for students. The two studies demonstrate the application of multiple methodologies in evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and early intervention efforts with the aim of providing data to support program improvement and sustainability.
CYP82E4-mediated nicotine to nornicotine conversion in tobacco is regulated by a senescence-specific signaling pathway

Nicotine to nornicotine conversion in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is regulated by an unstable converter locus which in its activated state gives rise to a high nornicotine, low nicotine phenotype in the senescing leaves. In plants that carry the high nornicotine trait, nicotine conversion is primarily catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 protein, designated CYP82E4 whose transcription is strongly upregulated during leaf senescence. To further investigate the regulation of CYP82E4 expression, we examined the spatiotemporal distribution and the stress- and signaling molecule-elicited expression patterns of CYP82E4 using alkaloid analysis and a fusion construct between the 2.2 kb upstream regulatory region of CYP82E4 and the β-glucurodinase (GUS) gene. Histochemical and fluorometric analyses of GUS expression revealed that the CYP82E4 promoter confers high levels of expression in the senescing leaves and flowers, and in the green stems of young and mature plants, but only very low activity was detected in the roots. In the leaves, GUS activity was strongly correlated with the progression of senescence. Treatments of leaf tissue with various signaling molecules including abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and yeast extract; and stresses, such as drought, wounding and tobacco mosaic virus infection did not enhance nicotine conversion or GUS activity in the green leaves, but an increase in CYP82E4 expression was observed in response to ethylene- or tobacco mosaic virus-induced senescence. These results suggest that the expression of CYP82E4 is senescence-specific in the leaves and the use of the CYP82E4 promoter could provide a valuable tool for regulating gene expression in the senescing leaves.
Transnational mobility, social capital, and cosmopolitan women traders in Ghana

Abstract The dynamic economic power of Ghanaian women as traders in cloth and foodstuffs is well documented in the humanities and social sciences. This paper focuses on an emergent category of Ghanaian traders, women who are educated abroad and travel the globe to purchase consumer items, art, and cloth to sell on the Ghanaian market. The narratives of these women highlight numerous sociohistorical moments relevant to the global economy. As first- and second-generation immigrants in North America, these young traders are the children of the first-wave highly skilled African immigrants who sought educational opportunities in North America and Europe in the 1960s–1970s. The offspring of these educational elite now often speak of and act on a different set of desires and experience, to earn degrees in North America and Europe but return to Ghana in order to start entrepreneurial endeavors in art, fashion, and music. This new Ghanaian market woman earns a lucrative income using their cultural capital garnered...