cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Regulation of IL-12 and TNF-α/IL-10 Balance: Clinical Implications

Interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha promote T-helper (Th) 1 responses and cellular immunity, whereas IL-10 suppresses Th1 activities and stimulates Th2 and humoral immune responses. Recent evidence indicates that glucocorticoids, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, and adenosine inhibit the production of human IL-12 and TNF-alpha, whereas they do not affect or even stimulate the production of IL-10. Through this mechanism these neuroendocrine mediators may cause a selective suppression of Th1 responses and a Th2 shift rather than generalized Th suppression. The substantial Th2-driving force of endogenous stress mediators, as well as histamine and adenosine, can be amplified to a great extent during certain conditions and may play a role in increased susceptibility of the organism to various infections that are normally cleared by Th1 responses. In addition, conditions that contribute to a substantial increase or decrease of local or systemic concentrations of these mediators via modulation of IL-12, TNF alpha/IL-10 balance may also play a role in induction, expression, and progression of certain autoimmune diseases, allergic/atopic reactions, and tumor growth. These conditions include: acute or chronic stress; cessation of chronic stress or chronic hypoactivity of the stress system; severe exercise; serious surgical procedures or traumatic injuries; major burns; severe ischemia or hypoxia; pregnancy and the postpartum period. Thus, better understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of IL-12, TNF-alpha/IL-10 balance might help the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Th1- and Th2-mediated human diseases.
Center driven winder basics for the rubber industry

This paper presents the basic considerations for the design of center driven winders used in the rubber industry. The subject is presented in a step by step thought process to try to help a person understand the basics and how to modify the controls to meet specific requirements. The paper was designed as a teaching tool to help new engineers who have never worked on winders.
Roles of STAT3 in Protein Secretion Pathways during the Acute-Phase Response

The acute-phase response is characteristic of perhaps all infections, including bacterial pneumonia. In conjunction with the acute-phase response, additional biological pathways are induced in the liver and are dependent on the transcription factors STAT3 and NF-κB, but these responses are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that pneumococcal pneumonia and other severe infections increase expression of multiple components of the cellular secretory machinery in the mouse liver, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocon complex, which mediates protein translation into the ER, and the coat protein complexes (COPI and COPII), which mediate vesicular transport of proteins to and from the ER. Hepatocyte-specific mutation of STAT3 prevented the induction of these secretory pathways during pneumonia, with similar results observed following pharmacological activation of ER stress by using tunicamycin. These findings implicate STAT3 in the unfolded protein response and suggest that STAT3-dependent optimization of secretion may apply broadly. Pneumonia also stimulated the binding of phosphorylated STAT3 to promoter regions of secretion-related genes in the liver, supporting a direct role for STAT3 in their transcription. Altogether, these results identify a novel function of STAT3 during the acute-phase response, namely, the induction of secretory machinery in hepatocytes. This may facilitate the processing and delivery of newly synthesized loads of acute-phase proteins, enhancing innate immunity and preventing liver injury during infection.
Measuring Stability of Feature Selection Techniques on Real-World Software Datasets

In the practice of software quality estimation, superfluous software metrics often exist in data repositories. In other words, not all collected software metrics are useful or make equal contributions to software defect prediction. Selecting a subset of features that are most relevant to the class attribute is necessary and may result in better prediction. This process is called feature selection. However, the addition or removal of instances can alter the subsets chosen by a feature selection technique, rendering the previously-selected feature sets invalid. Thus, the robustness (e.g., stability) of feature selection techniques must be studied to examine the sensitivity of these techniques to changes in their input data (the addition or removal of instances). In this study, we test the stability of 18 feature selection techniques as the magnitude of change to the datasets and the size of the selected feature subsets are varied. All experiments were conducted on 16 datasets from 3 real-world software projects. The experimental results demonstrate that Gain Ratio shows the least stability while two different versions of ReliefF show the most stability, followed by the PRC- and AUC-based threshold-based feature selection techniques. Results also show that making smaller changes to the datasets has less impact on the stability of feature ranking techniques applied to those datasets.
Transposon Mutagenesis in Disease, Drug Discovery, and Bacterial Evolution

Transposons are diverse and ubiquitous in living organisms, where they function in gene expression regulation, chromosomal rearrangement, and acceleration of evolutionary change. Their potential uses in, and consequences to, human health are numerous. The smallest transposons, insertion sequence (IS) elements, are prevalent in prokaryotes. Recently, one such element, IS5, has been shown to activate expression of the glpFK operon in E. coli in a mechanistically well-defined Lamarckian fashion (Zhang and Saier, PLoS Genet 5:e1000689, 2009a; Mol Microbiol 74:29–43, 2009b). A recent publication by Wang and Wood (ISME J 5:1517–1525, 2011) has revealed that IS5 also mediates directed mutation of the E. coli flagellar master switch operon, flhDC, and unpublished evidence suggests that the same occurs in other E. coli operons. The question is no longer, “Darwin or Lamarck?”; we must now see biological evolution in terms of Darwin and Lamarck. We are at the threshold of a new era in biological research with a grasp of the genetic basis for Lamarckian evolution at hand.
After the Diagnosis of Dementia: Considerations in Disease Management

Once diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders, patients and caregivers must integrate treatment and management plans. While there are no cures for these disorders, there are opportunities to optimize function and quality of life. There are pharmacological treatments available for dementia as well as for the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that often accompany these diagnoses. Persistence can insure that drug treatments provide optimal benefit. Also nonpharmacological interventions including environmental modifications can be helpful, particularly for the behavioral problems. Supervision to insure adequate medical care, maximize independence and social interaction, and preserve patient dignity will require ongoing review of the patient’s changing condition. A comprehensive approach to management will also consider legal and financial needs, support for the caregiver, and the possibility of research participation. Clinicians can introduce the possibility of research for the hope it offers to their patients and to the generations to come.
Living with imprecision.

One of the most vexing conundrums in the science and practice of medicine is the designation of arbitrary “cutpoints” separating what we will consider normal from abnormal. We can pretend that a blood pressure of 121 mm Hg is different from one of 119 mm Hg, but we should not take that literally
A Novel N-Terminal Cyclic Dynorphin A Analogue cycloN,5[Trp3,Trp4,Glu5] Dynorphin A-(1−11)NH2 That Lacks the Basic N-Terminus

A novel N-terminal-to-side chain cyclic dynorphin A analogue lacking the basic N-terminus was designed based on Ac[Lys2,Trp3,Trp4,d-Ala8]dynorphin A-(1−11)NH2 (Wan et al. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 30...
Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion in a patient with influenza A infection—first report in an adult patient in the USA

We present a case of a 51-year-old man with panhypopituarism who developed clinically mild encephalopathy with a lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum, in the setting of acute influenza A infection. The patient's initial presentation included hypernatraemia due to pre-existing iatrogenic central diabetes insipidus. Despite adequate treatment of hypernatraemia, his course was complicated by otherwise unexplained mild encephalopathy. Brain MRI revealed a diffusion restricted lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. This presentation was consistent with mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS). The patient subsequently tested positive for influenza A. This is the first reported case of MERS syndrome due to influenza A infection in an adult patient in the USA. Mild encephalopathy associated with influenza A infection and a reversible splenial lesion of the corpus callosum has a favourable prognosis and resolves spontaneously.
The effect of mate value feedback on women's mating aspirations and mate preference

Abstract The concept of a mating sociometer (e.g., Kavanagh, Robins, & Ellis, 2010) suggests that humans adaptively calibrate their mating aspirations in line with their mate value, drawing from relevant cues and experiences. Here we investigate the influence of acceptance versus rejection cues on a variety of mate preferences among women. Results suggest that a rejection cue from opposite-sex individuals decreases overall choosiness when rating the importance of several traits. Specifically, Cultivated traits were rated as less important by women who received a rejection cue compared to those who received an acceptance cue or no feedback. Also, Similar Ideals/Interests, Sociable, Intellectual, Pleasant, Physical Attractiveness, Kind and Understanding, and Wealthy traits were rated as significantly less important by rejected participants, but these fell short of significance after Bonferroni correction. There was no significant difference in preference for sexually dimorphic body types or in facial coloration between feedback conditions. However, participants that received an acceptance cue preferred more masculine-shaped male faces compared to rejected or control participants. Overall, results provide some support for a sociometer perspective on women's mating aspirations.
The Role of Social Science in Law: Introduction

Should social science play a role in legal decision-making? Has social science had any impact on law to date and, if so, what kind of impact? What is the best way to use social science knowledge in legal settings? Scholars and legal professionals have long wrestled with these questions, both in the United States and in other areas of the world. Yet, although the issues have been widely debated, there is still much work to be done in developing a systematic analysis of translation between law and the social sciences. This Introduction draws together literature from a variety of fields that speak to this issue, working to develop a new cross-disciplinary synthesis.
A Gap in the Criminal Justice System, Creating a New Class of Felons in Pregnant Drug-Addicted Women, a State-by-State Analysis

Increasingly across the United States pregnant women who seek help for drug addiction are finding themselves in a courtroom defending criminal charges instead of a doctor’s office or rehabilitation facility. Women are being criminally charged for being addicted to drugs, an offense not punishable by criminal law in any other circumstance than pregnancy. While these women are being charged after the birth of their child, the drug abuse occurred while they were pregnant. The history of reproductive rights and drug legislation and the history of pregnant women who are criminally prosecuted for the use of controlled substances will be addressed in Part I of this article. Part II of this article provides a broad analysis of how each state currently addresses the ever-prevalent prosecution of these women, including a chart with the relevant statutes and cases. Part III explains why the issue is deeper than due process rights and whether the legislatures intended for child or minor to include fetus or unborn child. Finally, Part IV discusses other possible options states should explore to put a stop to the creation of a new class of felons.
Prognostic Value of Cytochrome C and Cytokines in Acute Viral Encephalopathy

Serum cytochrome c and cytokines were evaluated as prognostic predictors in 29 children (ages 9 mos to 9 yrs 11 mos) with viral acute encephalopathies and multiple organ failure at Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
Nonemergency medical care for illegal immigrants in Texas.

Discover practice options for physicians working in a county that provides no funding for non-emergency care of undocumented patients. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Estimation of the electric fields and dielectric breakdown in non-conductive wind turbine blades subjected to a lightning stepped leader

In this paper, the electric fields in the wind turbine blades due to the lightning stepped leader are studied, and the dielectric breakdown is assessed. The developed finite element analysis (FEA) includes the full length of the leader and enables one to incorporate various uniform and non-uniform charge density models. The lightning striking distance is calculated using the rolling sphere method. The electric field in a horizontal axis wind turbine with three blades representing Sandia 100 m All-glass Baseline Wind Turbine Blades (SNL 100-00) at three different lightning protection levels (LPL) is computed and compared to the dielectric breakdown strength of the blades. The dielectric breakdown strength of the blades is evaluated based on the experimental data. The results show that the tip region of the blade is the most vulnerable to the dielectric breakdown with the safety factor as low as 1.32 at LPL I. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rebooting the Embedded System: Demo Abstract

For the last fifteen years, research explored the hardware, software, sensing, communication abstractions, languages, and protocols that could make networks of small, embedded devices---motes---sample and report data for long periods of time while unattended. Today, the application and technological landscapes have shifted, introducing new requirements and new capabilities. Hardware has evolved past 8 and 16 bit microcontrollers: there are now 32 bit processors with lower energy budgets and greater computing capability. New wireless link layers have emerged, creating protocols that support direct interaction with users, but introduce novel limitations that systems must consider. Programming language advances have led to the ability to write system kernels that guarantee safety and reliability while maintaining low overhead. The time has come to look beyond optimizing networks of motes. We look towards new technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy, Cortex M processors, and capable multi-process operating systems, with new application spaces such as personal area networks, and new capabilities and requirements in security and privacy to inform contemporary hardware and software platforms. It is time for a new, open experimental platform in this post-mote era.
The University of North Texas Program of Applied Technology and Performance Improvement

The University of North Texas offers the prestigious Applied Technology and Performance Improvement (ATPI) program at both undergraduate and graduate levels in the department of Learning Technologies, College of Information. The ATPI program focuses on the multidisciplinary nature of human resource development, performance improvement, and workforce innovations, preparing students for careers as scholars in academic settings or as corporate training consultants and practitioners in business and industry. As a public research university, the ATPI program prepares both scholars and scholar-practitioners to lead their field through research-based practices and research dissemination under the mentorship and guidance of strong faculty. Graduates of the program hold high-level professional and leadership positions both nationally and internationally.
I-CSMA: A Link-Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Networks Based on Ising Model

We propose a new randomized link-scheduling algorithm for wireless networks, called I-carrier sense multiply access (I-CSMA), which is based on a modified version of the Ising model in physics. The main result is that I-CSMA is shown to be throughput optimal. I-CSMA is a generalization of earlier Glauber-dynamics-based, throughput-optimal algorithms, such as Q-CSMA in which each earlier algorithm involves a truncated Markov chain of the Markov chain in I-CSMA. The main result implies that there is no need to truncate the Markov chain in the classical way by prohibiting transitions into the subset of the excluded states, which in this case are the link configurations with interference. The Markov chain can freely move over the entire space of link configurations. When some links interfere with each other in a configuration, a second conflict-resolution step is applied to turn off some of the interfering links, so that a valid schedule is produced. We show that any methods of doing so work equally well in terms of achieving throughput optimality. Therefore, the main result justifies the removal of a major restriction in earlier related algorithms, and allows the exploration and exploitation of the new freedom.
Identification of Hip BMD Loss and Fracture Risk Markers Through Population-Based Serum Proteomics

Serum proteomics analysis may lead to the discovery of novel osteoporosis biomarkers. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study comprises men ≥65 years old in the US who have had repeated BMD measures and have been followed for incident fracture. High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on baseline fasting serum samples from non-Hispanic white men using a multidimensional approach coupling liquid chromatography, ion-mobility separation, and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS). We followed the participants for a mean of 4.6 years for changes in femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and for incident hip fracture. Change in BMD was determined from mixed effects regression models taking age and weight into account. Participants were categorized into three groups: BMD maintenance (no decline; estimated change ≥0 g/cm2 , n = 453); expected loss (estimated change 0 to 1 SD below the estimated mean change, -0.034 g/cm2 for femoral neck, n = 1184); and accelerated loss (estimated change ≥1 SD below mean change, n = 237). Differential abundance values of 3946 peptides were summarized by meta-analysis to determine differential abundance of each of 339 corresponding proteins for accelerated BMD loss versus maintenance. Using this meta-analytic standardized fold change at cutoffs of ≥1.1 or ≤0.9 (p < 0.10), 20 proteins were associated with accelerated BMD loss. Associations of those 20 proteins with incident hip fracture were tested using Cox proportional hazards models with age and BMI adjustment in 2473 men. Five proteins were associated with incident hip fracture (HR between 1.29 and 1.41 per SD increase in estimated protein abundance). Some proteins have been previously associated with fracture risk (eg, CD14 and SHBG), whereas others have roles in cellular senescence and aging (B2MG and TIMP1) and complement activation and innate immunity (CO7, CO9, CFAD). These findings may inform development of biomarkers for future research in bone biology and fracture prediction. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
How Should We Secure Our Transplanted Meniscus? A Meta-analysis:

Background:Meniscal allograft transplant (MAT) is a salvage procedure for young patients with symptomatic meniscal deficiency. Although many studies report good outcomes, MAT remains controversial, and an optimal fixation technique for the meniscus roots is debated.Purpose:To assess the overall outcome of MAT and compare the results of different meniscal root fixation techniques.Study Design:Meta-analysis.Methods:Following specific guidelines, we systematically evaluated all current literature for studies reporting on the outcomes of patients who underwent MAT. Using random effect models of proportions, we determined the tear and failure rates. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated to determine the improvement in clinical outcomes and pain level. Data were then stratified by root fixation method into 2 groups: fixation that preserved the graft’s root insertions on the allograft bone (bone fixation group) and suture fixation of the root soft tissue without the allograft bone (soft tissue sut...
Strategic navigation: a comparative study of Black male scholar athletes’ experiences at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and Historically White University (HWU)

The purpose of this study was to examine and contrast the experiences of Black male scholar athletes at a Division I historically Black college/university (HBCU) and historically White university (HWU) and identify key contributors to their positive transitional experiences (academic, athletic, and social) in college. Two focus groups, 8 individual interviews, and an eight-item demographic questionnaire were conducted with 12 Black male scholar athletes. An anti-deficit achievement framework and critical race methodology were incorporated to better understand the processes by which participants’ experienced positive transitional outcomes in two distinct racial, sociocultural, and educational milieus. Findings revealed key similarities as well as distinct differences in the navigational strategies and institutional influences that facilitated each group’s positive experiences. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Bifurcations in Fluid Dynamics and the Problem of Turbulence

This section shows how the results of Sections 8 and 8A can be used to establish the bifurcation theorem for the Navier-Stokes equations. Alternatively, although conceptually harder (in our opinion) methods are described in Sections 9A, 9B and Sattinger [5] and Joseph and Sattinger [1].
Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Intermediate Compounds to Value-Added Products

The continuous advance in exploring renewable energy resources such as solar and wind will certainly alleviate our reliance on limited fossil reserves. However, the sustainable development of mankind demands not only energy but also carbon-based chemical goods. Unfortunately, exploitation of renewable energy resources like solar and wind will not lead to any carbon-based chemicals. The only sustainable and green carbon source is biomass, the scale of annual production of which has an immense potential to complement that of fossil-derived carbons. To utilize biomass in economically effective ways, many catalytic processes have been investigated. Among various strategies of biomass refinery, electrocatalytic upgrading stands out as an attractive option because of its benign operation conditions, high energy efficiency, and convenient control on production rate and selectivity using electrochemical parameters. This Minireview showcases several electrocatalytic systems for both reductive and oxidative upgrading of representative biomass-derived intermediate compounds, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, glycerol, and sorbitol to different value-added products. The catalytic routes and mechanisms of each biomass-derived platform compound are discussed and compared. In order to be feasible for large-scale applications, low-cost composition and preparation of electrocatalysts are mandatory and will be emphasized. Finally, our personal perspective on the current challenges and future directions of electrocatalytic biomass upgrading is presented.
Tolerancing and Verification of Additive Manufactured Lattice with Supplemental Surfaces

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled the production of complex geometries such as conformal lattices, topology optimized shapes, and organic structures. These complex geometric shapes must sometimes meet functional requirements, including (1) following specific curves or surfaces and (2) being bounded by specific surfaces. Mechanisms such as Theoretical Supplemental Surfaces (TSS) have been proposed for tolerancing of such geometric shapes, though challenges remain with inspection and validation requirements. A Theoretical Supplemental Geometry (TSG, including curves – TSC, surfaces – TSS and volumes – TSV) concept is introduced. To address these measurement and verification challenges, Derived Supplemental Surfaces (DSS) are introduced. The verification of a TSS specification using 3D scanning and DSS is demonstrated on a lattice surface using Chebyshev and Least Squares fitting.
Are Women with a History of Low PAPP-A at Risk for Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in a Subsequent Pregnancy?

Objective To determine if patients with a history of low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in an initial pregnancy are at higher risk for adverse obstetric outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent first trimester screening for PAPP-A in two consecutive pregnancies. Two groups were examined: patients who had low PAPP-A in the first pregnancy followed by normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy and patients who had recurrent low PAPP-A. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups, with the primary outcome being intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or preeclampsia. Results A total of 124 patients were included, representing 248 pregnancies. Ninety-two (74.2%) patients had normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy, and 32 (12.9%) patients had recurrent low PAPP-A. Patients with recurrent low PAPP-A had a higher rate of IUGR or preeclampsia compared with patients with normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy but this was not significantly different (12.5 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.51). There were no significant differences for all other outcomes. Conclusion Among patients with a history of low PAPP-A, patients with normal PAPP-A in the subsequent pregnancy have a similar risk of adverse neonatal outcomes compared with patients with recurrent low PAPP-A.
Field Deployment of a Plume Monitoring UAV Flock

This letter describes and validates the robotic platform of an atmospheric plume monitoring system. The platform consists of a networked flock of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with environmental sensors. The sensor flock forms an integral component of a dynamic data-driven application system (DDDAS) for plume monitoring. The goal of DDDAS is to dynamically incorporate data into a running simulation while simultaneously using the simulation to steer the measurement process. This letter takes a model-based approach to plume monitoring. From concentration measurements provided by the UAVs, a nonlinear online parameter estimator determines the model parameters. Based on the current knowledge of the model parameters, a hotspot identification routine directs the UAVs to information rich locations, or hotspots. The feasibility of deploying the testbed in uncontrolled outdoor environments is demonstrated with a flight test where three autonomous vehicles trace a simulated plume using simulated sensors.
Outcomes of Waterbirth in a US Hospital-Based Midwifery Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth.

Introduction Although the safety of water immersion during labor is largely supported by evidence from research, the risks to women and neonates during waterbirth are not well established. The purpose of this study was to generate evidence regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes related to water immersion in labor and during birth. Methods A retrospective cohort study included a convenience sample of women receiving prenatal care at a nurse-midwifery practice. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: 1) waterbirth, 2) water labor, or 3) neither. Participant characteristics, maternal outcomes, and newborn outcomes were collected at time of birth and health record abstraction. At the 6-week postpartum visit, another maternal outcome, satisfaction with birth, was measured using the Care in Obstetrics: Measure for Testing Satisfaction (COMFORTS) scale. Analysis included effect size, descriptive statistics (sample characteristics), and maternal and neonatal group differences (analysis of variance and chi-square) with a significance level of P Results Women in the waterbirth (n = 58), water labor (n = 61), and neither (n = 111) groups were primarily white, married, and college educated and did not differ by age or education. Women in the waterbirth group were more likely to be multiparous. Nulliparous women who had a waterbirth had a significantly shorter second stage of labor than nulliparous women who did not have a waterbirth (P = .03). The most commonly cited reasons for discontinuation of hydrotherapy were maternal choice (42.6%) and need for pain medication (29.5%). Significantly more women in the waterbirth group experienced a postpartum hemorrhage, compared with water labor or neither (n = 5, n = 3, n = 1, respectively; P = .045); there was no difference in related clinical measures. Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different. Maternal satisfaction was high across all groups. Discussion The results of this study suggest that waterbirth, attended by qualified intrapartum care providers in hospital settings in the United States, is a reasonable option for low-risk women and their neonates.
Design of a Feedback Controlled Dual Sided LCC Converter to Achieve ZVS for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Applications

Wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining traction in the industry due to its convenience and robustness. Thus, reaching a high system efficiency in wireless power transfer (WPT) at high power loads is a critical challenge in the EV charging market. WPT can be applied for both stationary and dynamic charging scenarios. This paper focuses on design of an LCC converter with frequency control. The designed converter is capable of achieving zero voltage switching at different loading and input voltage conditions. Additionally, a polarized single-sided flux pad topology is applied for the design of the transmitting and the receiving coils to increase the system efficiency.
Social Intelligence: What It Is and Why We Need It More than Ever Before

In this chapter, we discuss social intelligence and why it is of crucial importance to the world today. We open by defining social intelligence. Then we discuss whether social intelligence should be separated from general intelligence. Then we discuss the role of nonverbal communication in social intelligence. Finally, we discuss how social intelligence fits into a broader notion of adaptive intelligence. We conclude that, in the twenty-first century, the major problems the world is facing will be solved not merely by exercise of cognitive intelligence but by exercise of social intelligence and related constructs.
"Very humble" vs. "Not humble": What do ratings of fictitious physician profiles with humility descriptors reveal about potential patient preferences and behaviors?

Abstract Objectives The current study examined the impact of physician humility on future medical interactions and physician-related outcomes (e.g., patient patronage, loyalty) using a non-patient, community sample. Methods Participants (N = 417) were recruited online through Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) and paid a nominal fee for their participation. They reviewed randomly assigned fictitious physician profiles that differed in humility (high, low), general effectiveness (high, low), physician gender (male, female), and specialty (family practice, orthopedic surgery). Then they reported their likelihood to trust, adhere to recommendations, and be satisfied with the physician. They also conveyed how likely they would select and recommend this physician to others, and how much out-of-pocket money they would be willing to spend to see the physician. Results Humble physicians were rated higher than their non-humble counterparts on all five outcomes. For physicians who were generally ineffective, the physicians low in humility scored lower on intended adherence, trust, and anticipated satisfaction than the physicians high in humility. Additionally, for physicians specializing in family practice, physicians low in humility scored lower on anticipated satisfaction and out-of-pocket expenditure than the physicians high in humility. Conclusions Findings from this study highlight how physician humility can affect the process of care even before it begins. Practice Implications The study emphasizes the need for deliberate pursuit of humility to improve outcomes for patients and physicians.
The contribution of ketone bodies to glycolytic inhibition for the treatment of adult and pediatric glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors in children and adults. Targeting tumor metabolism has emerged as a promising-targeted therapeutic strategy for GBM and characteristically resistant GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). Gene expression data was obtained from the online patient-histology database, GlioVis. GSC mitochondria morphology was examined by TEM. Cell viability and effect on GSC self-renewal was determined via MTS assay and neurosphere assay, respectively. Proteins were evaluated by Western Blot. Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM. GSC mitochondrial ultrastructure suggested defects in oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment of both GBM and GSC cell lines resulted in dose-dependent decreases in viability in response to glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and ketone body Acetoacetate (AA), but not β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). AA induced apoptosis was confirmed by western blot analysis, indicating robust caspase activation and PARP cleavage. AA reduced neurosphere formation at concentrations as low as 1 mM. Combined treatment of low dose 2-DG (50 μM) with AA resulted in more cell death than either treatment alone. The effect was greater than additive at low concentrations of AA, reducing viability approximately 50% at 1 mM AA. AA was found to directly upregulate mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may explain this potential drug synergism via multi-faceted inhibition of the glycolytic pathway. Targeting the metabolic pathway of GBM via glycolytic inhibition in conjunction with ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone body supplementation warrants further investigation as a promising adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy.
Rumor has it: Strategies for ethnographic analysis in authoritarian regimes:

Accurate information can be difficult to access in authoritarian regimes. As more and more countries fall under the sway of illiberal leaders, ethnographers may find themselves unable to easily cor...
Group-Based Emotions Over Time: Dynamics of Experience and Regulation.

People’s emotions toward their ingroups and salient outgroups often change over time as a result of changing circumstances or intentional self-regulation. To investigate such dynamics, two studies ...
Institutional Injustice: How Public Administration Has Fostered and Can Ameliorate Racial Disparities:

In a culture with institutionalized racial disparities, administrative norms that attempt to ensure rational decisions through the use of aggregation and quantification can exacerbate the racial di...
Against 'Rules' of Professional Ethics

This is a conceptual argument using Wittgenstein's Rule Following Paradox against the use of rules or codes of professional conduct as a means to enforce professional ethics or morality because such rules are unavoidably conceptually arbitrary, random, and indeterminate and contradict the foundational concepts of our supposed rule of law such as Due Process and Equal Protection; are unnecessary given the availability of criminal and civil law to enforce whatever rules or codes of professional ethics are intended to enforce; and their teleological and pragmatic rule following works against the diversity of cultural and individual identity the rhetoric of United States rule of law culture states it wants in its culture of law.
Prognostic value of orthogeriatric assessment parameters on mortality: a 2-year follow-up.

Since the arise of orthogeriatric co-management patients’ outcome and survival has improved. There are several assessment parameters that screen the precondition of orthogeriatric patients including mobility, activities of daily living, comorbidities, place of residence and need for care just to name a few. In a 2-year follow-up on an orthogeriatric co-managed ward the fracture-independent predictive value of typical assessment parameters and comorbidities on the associated mortality was examined. All patients treated on an orthogeriatric co-managed ward from February 2014 to January 2015 were included. No fracture entity was preferred. Emphasis was set on following parameters: age, gender, Parker-Mobility Score (PMS), Barthel Index (BI), Charlson-Comorbidity Index (CCI), dementia, depression, sarcopenia, frequent falling, length of stay (LOS), care level (CL) and place of residence (POR). In a 2-year follow-up the patients’ death rates were acquired. SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA) and Cox regression was used to univariately analyze the expression of the mentioned parameters and mortality course over 2 years from discharge. In a multivariate analysis intercorrelations and independent relationships were examined. A follow-up rate of 79.6% by assessing 661 patients was achieved. In the univariate analysis linear inverse correlation between PMS and BI and mortality and a linear positive correlation between CCI and higher mortality were observed. There was also a significant relationship between lower survival and age, dementia, sarcopenia, frequent falling, higher institutionalized place of residence and higher CL. No univariate correlation between 2-year mortality and gender, depression and LOS was found. In the multivariate Cox regression, the only independent risk factors remaining were lower PMS (HR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.373–2.397), lower BI (HR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.180–2.290) and higher age per year (HR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.004–1.067). Age, PMS, BI, CCI, preexisting dementia, sarcopenia, frequent falling, POR and CL are univariate predictors of survival in the orthogeriatric context. An independency could only be found for PMS, BI and age in our multivariate model. This underlines the importance of preexisting mobility and capability of self-support for the patient’s outcome in terms of survival.
Diagnostic Performance of the Herder Model in Veterans Undergoing PET Scans for Pulmonary Nodule Evaluation

British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines recommend using the Herder model to risk-stratify lung nodules after positron emission tomography (PET). However, this approach has not been adequately evaluated, particularly among Veterans. A single-center retrospective cohort study was carried out in U.S. Veterans with pulmonary nodules assessed by PET to validate the Herder model; decision analysis using risk thresholds from the BTS guidelines was performed. One hundred subjects met inclusion criteria. Area under the curve of the Herder model for predicting malignancy was 0.87 for all lung nodules and 0.90 for newly discovered nodules. For low- and high-risk lung nodules, BTS guidelines would have recommended appropriate care in this patient cohort.
Men of Color and Eating Disorders

In the USA, it is estimated that ten million women and one million men meet the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder. These numbers increase considerably when public health researchers or clinicians more broadly assess for eating-disordered behaviors. In fact, estimates of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified range from 3 to 35 % of the US population. Though typically characterized as a disorder affecting White, middle-to-upper-middle class women, recent investigations increasingly demonstrate that eating disorders are prevalent across all demographic populations.
Alternate Servers with Set up Times

The paper analyzes a queueing model consisting of a single queue serviced by two servers alternately. A change over time is required when one server is replaced by another. In a busy period, only one server is servicing and when it empties the queue, the second server takes over and thus the two servers work alternately. The actual service after the change over time of the particular server under operation.
Focusing of intense ion beams with a plasma-filled solenoidal magnetic lens including self-fields

We consider the potential of a solenoidal magnetic lens to transport and focus intense ion beams for the purpose of light ion driven ICF. We present results of numerical simulations of a short pulse, intense, Li+3 ion beam propagating through a single focusing, plasma-filled, solenoidal magnetic lens. The beam evolution is treated self-consistently by including the effects of self-electromagnetic fields which arise because the plasma electrons and energetic beam ions have very dissimilar dynamics in the presence of the strong applied magnetic lens fields. By considering the beam ions as particles and the plasma electrons as an inertialess fluid obeying a generalized Ohm's law, we derive equations for the evolution of the azimuthal magnetic field B θ and the poloidal flux function ψ. The motion of background plasma ions has been neglected because beam pulse lengths and transit times are much shorter than the local Alfven transit time. The beam particle dynamics are then solved self-consistently with a 2–1/2 dimensional, axisymmetric (δ\δ θ = 0), hybrid PIC code. For specified beam and plasma parameters, the results are expressed in terms of the power/cm2 delivered to the target as a function of time. Attention is also paid to beam emittance growth. We study the cases when the plasma conductivity and density are held constant and when the conductivity and density evolve according to beam induced ionization of a gas.
Adaptive One-Way Functions and Applications

We introduce new and general complexity theoretic hardness assumptions. These assumptions abstract out concrete properties of a random oracle and are significantly stronger than traditional cryptographic hardness assumptions; however, assuming their validity we can resolve a number of long-standing open problems in cryptography.
Control of Cryptosporidium: from reservoirs to clarifiers to filters

Control of Cryptosporidium in potable waters requires an integrated multiple barrier approach of source water protection of water supply reservoirs and treatment technology through clarification, filtration, and disinfection. Pristine lakes and protected reservoirs have far lower concentrations of oocysts (mean values less than 10 oocysts/100 L) than unprotected supplies. Coagulation is critical to the effective control of Cryptosporidium by clarification and filtration. Coagulation conditions that produce filtered waters of low turbidities, particle counts, and effectively remove natural organic matter also produce high removals of Cryptosporidium. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) can achieve oocyst removals of 3 log compared to about 1 log by sedimentation. DAF and filtration provide two effective barriers to Cryptosporidium with cumulative log removals of 4 to 5 compared to log removals of 3 to 4 by sedimentation and filtration.
Double tagging recombinant A1- and A2A-adenosine receptors with hexahistidine and the FLAG epitope. Development of an efficient generic protein purification procedure.

An expression plasmid for mammalian cells (CLDN10B) has been modified to add nucleotides encoding hexahistidine and the FLAG peptide (H/F) to cDNAs. The new mammalian expression plasmid has been named pDoubleTrouble (pDT). The plasmid and a recombinant baculovirus were used to produce native- and H/F- human A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, optimally expressed in CHO-K1 and Sf9 cells, respectively. Binding to recombinant H/F-A1 receptors (Bmax = 30 pmol/mg protein) was characterized using [3H]8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX) and 125I-N6-aminobenzyladenosine (125I-ABA). Binding to H/F-A2A receptors (Bmax = 48 pmol/mg protein) was characterized using [3H]5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ([3H]NECA) and [3H]2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-NECA ([3H]CGS21680). By comparison to native receptors, the addition of H/F to the amino termini of these receptors had no effect on the binding affinities of radioligands or competing compounds. The function of A1 adenosine receptors to reduce forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in intact cells was not affected by the H/F extension. Anti-FLAG and Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography resulted in high yield (> 50% overall recovery) of nearly homogeneous (> 90% pure) receptors visible on silver-stained gels that comigrated with photolabeled receptors before and after deglycosylation with N-glycosidase F. We anticipate that pDT will be generally useful for facilitating the purification in high yield of recombinant receptors and other proteins by single or sequential affinity chromatography steps.
Kidney glycosphingolipids are elevated early in diabetic nephropathy and mediate hypertrophy of mesangial cells

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes, but their role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has received limited attention. We used 9- and 17-wk-old nondiabetic db/m and d...
The Law : President Obama's Signing Statements and the Expansion of Executive Power

Barack Obama campaigned for president of the United States on a promise of fidelity to the Constitution and stated that he would not issue any signing statements to revise legislative intent. His vision of the presidency stood in marked contrast to President George W. Bush’s actions and seemed to suggest a reversal of the trend toward increased executive powers. We will analyze how and why President Obama has largely continued the unilateral presidential action of his predecessor, despite earlier promises to the contrary, outline why signing statements are not useful governing tools, and offer a solution to abuses of constitutional signing statements that impact appropriations.
THE LEUKOCYTE COUNT: ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTENSITY OF SMOKING AND PERSISTENCE OF EFFECT AFTER QUITTING

Information from examinations of 62,541 adults enrolled in a study of smoking from 1979 through 1982 in Oakland, California, was used to explore the associations of various measures of intensity of smoking with the leukocyte count and to try to determine whether there was a persistent effect of smoking cigarettes on the leukocyte count. In current, regular cigarette smokers, leukocyte counts were higher in smokers of a large number of cigarettes and were associated with smoking cigarettes with a high tar and nicotine yield, deep inhalation of the cigarette smoke, and a longer duration of smoking. There was an association of past smoking with a high leukocyte count independent of age, sex, and race. In past smokers of cigarettes who used no other form of tobacco, the leukocyte count was related to time since quitting, smokers who had quit more recently having higher leukocyte counts. The study shows that a high leukocyte count is associated consistently with various measures of intensity of cigarette smoking. Moreover, it appears that smoking has an effect on the leukocyte count that persists after quitting. Delineation of the physiologic basis for the acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on the leukocyte count might lead eventually to a better understanding of the mechanisms for regulation of granulopoiesis and the release and destruction of leukocytes.