cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luciferase-dependent growth of cytochrome-deficient Vibrio harveyi

The presence of 10−6 M human serum transferrin (TF) in a minimal medium retarded the growth of Vibrio harveyi and inhibited the synthesis of cytochromes and stimulated the development of bioluminescence. The addition of 10−3 M arginine to the TF medium further stimulated bioluminescence and increased the growth rate of the bacteria. These data suggest that luciferase, functioning as a terminal oxidase, supported the growth of such cytochrome-deficient bacteria.
Modified Green's functions and the third boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation

It is well known that the application of boundary integral equation methods to the exterior Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation results in Fredholm equations which fail to have unique solutions at eigenvalues of the interior adjoint problem. As has often been pointed out, the non-uniqueness is an artifact of the integral equation method since the exterior boundary value problems are themselves uniquely solvable. A number of devices have been proposed to produce solutions to these exterior boundary value problems using integral equations which do have unique solutions (see, for example, Brakhage and Werner [ 11. Burton and Miller 121, Jones [3], Kleinman and Roach [4], Leis 151, and Ursell 161). Recently Kleinman and Roach [7,8] have discussed modified Green’s functions for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems and have shown how, by appropriate choice of parameter, one may not only produce a modification of the kernel which is free from real eigenvalues but also is a best possible choice according to one of a number of specified criteria, e.g., closest in the L, operator norm to the true Green’s function. In this note we extend this analysis to the more complicated case of the Robin or third boundary value problem. In doing so we follow the analysis of our earlier paper [9] in which we treated this boundary value problem for generalized L, boundary data. We begin with a more precise description of the problem and a summary of the results of this latter paper which we will find useful.
Studies on taxol biosynthesis. Preparation of 5α-acetoxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-2α,10β-diol derivatives by deoxygenation of a taxadiene tetra-acetate obtained from Japanese yew

The putative metabolite, 5α-acetoxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-2α,10β-diol (7), which is a promising candidate as a biosynthetic pathway triol in taxol biosynthesis, has been prepared by Barton deoxygenation of the C-14-hydroxyl group of a differentially protected derivative of natural 2α,5α,10β-triacetoxy-14β-(2-methyl)-butyryloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (8), a major taxoid metabolite isolated from Japanese Yew heart wood. The synthetic protocol devised, is amenable for the preparation of isotopically labeled congeners that will be useful to probe further intermediate steps in the biosynthesis of taxol.
Wrinkling of Wide Sandwich Panels∕Beams With Orthotropic Phases by an Elasticity Approach

There exist many formulas for the critical compression of sandwich plates, each based on a specific set of assumptions and a specific plate or beam model. It is not easy to determine the accuracy and range of validity of these rather simple formulas unless an elasticity solution exists. In this paper, we present an elasticity solution to the problem of buckling of sandwich beams or wide sandwich panels subjected to axially compressive loading (along the short side). The emphasis on this study is on the wrinkling (multiwave) mode. The sandwich section is symmetric and all constituent phases, i.e., the facings and the core, are assumed to be orthotropic. First, the pre-buckling elasticity solution for the compressed sandwich structure is derived. Subsequently, the buckling problem is formulated as an eigen-boundary-value problem for differential equations, with the axial load being the eigenvalue. For a given configuration, two cases, namely symmetric and anti-symmetric buckling, are considered separately, and the one that dominates is accordingly determined. The complication in the sandwich construction arises due to the existence of additional internal conditions at the face sheet/core interfaces. Results are produced first for isotropic phases (for which the simple formulas in the literature hold) and for different ratios of face-sheet vs core modulus and face-sheet vs core thickness. The results are compared with the different wrinkling formulas in the literature, as well as with the Euler buckling load and the Euler buckling load with transverse shear correction. Subsequently, results are produced for one or both phases being orthotropic, namely a typical sandwich made of glass/polyester or graphitelepoxy faces and polymeric foam or glass/phenolic honeycomb core. The solution presented herein provides a means of accurately assessing the limitations of simplifying analyses in predicting wrinkling and global buckling in wide sandwich panels/beams.
Anthropology on the boundary and the boundary in anthropology

The following thoughts grew through a year of seminars with Dr. Michael Herzfeld (Indiana University). Readers of his forthcoming book entitled Anthropology through the Looking-Glass: Critical Ethnography in the Margins of Europe (Cambridge 1987) may note some ideas strikingly similar to those expressed in these pages. I am indebted to him for much of the stimulus and inspiration, as well as for concrete suggestions for revision, and to him I offer this sincere dedication.
Conversion from a failed transcervical zygote intrafallopian transfer to a successful delayed uterine embryo transfer

Transcervical ZIFT is an alternative to IVF-ET and laparoscopic GIFT. However, tubal catheterization cannot be accomplished in all cases. We describe a successful twin pregnancy that resulted from delayed uterine transfer of four embryos following unsuccessful TC-ZIFT transfer. Further data are needed to determine optimal management in cases of failed transcervical tubal transfer procedures.
A PHYSICOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR FILM NONUNIFORMITIES IN SELECTIVE EPITAXIAL GROWTH

An isothermal, two-dimensional model of the physicochemical processes underlying selective epitaxial growth (SEG) is employed to explain reported nonuniformities in film thickness. For the SEG of Si from SiCl4, a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type rate expression is used to represent the reported nonmonotone dependence of the growth rate on source gas concentration. Film uniformity is characterized by a dimension-less factor (et), defined as the space-averaged SEG rate in the silicon window relative to the SEG rate at the edges of the window. The uniformity factor is a function of the following two dimensionless process parameters: a diffusion-reaction modulus (φ. whose magnitude determines whether diffusion across the Si window or the surface reaction is rate-controlling) and a kinetic inhibition constant (σ, whose magnitude determines whether or not the SEG rate displays nonmonotone mixed-order kinetics). While uniform films (et = 1) occur when the SEG process is kinelically controlled, nonuniform films occur wh...
Evolution of mixed-state regions in type-II superconductors

A mean-field model for dynamics of superconducting vortices is studied. The model, consisting of an elliptic equation coupled with a hyperbolic equation with discontinuous initial data, is formulated as a system of nonlocal integrodifferential equations. We show that there exists a unique classical solution in $C^{1+\alpha }\left( \bar{\Omega}_0\right) $ for all $t>0,$ where $\Omega _0$ is the initial vortex region that is assumed to be in $% C^{1+\alpha }.$ Consequently, for any time $t,$ the vortex region $\Omega _t$ is of $C^{1+\alpha },$ and the vorticity is in $C^\alpha \left( \bar{\Omega}% _t\right) .$
Controls structure interaction on the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

Abstract The baseline Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) spacecraft presented challenging controls–structure interactions caused by having to accurately and simultaneously point the existing multiple articulated payloads (high-gain antenna, scan platform) which are mounted on a large flexible base. Sensitivity analyses and simulation studies were carried out using complex finite element models describing the vehicle's dynamics. The results of these studies indicate that: (1) the attitude controller bandwidth (BW) should be less than 0.01 Hz for stable pointing control at the end of a slew with fine thrusters; (2) to achieve a 90 ∘ slew maneuver in 2 h the attitude controller BW should be greater than 0.0001 Hz with coarse thrusters; and (3) the first natural frequency of the flexible vehicle should be in the range of 1 Hz, to avoid potential interactions with other flexible modes. A dissipative controller ensures the stability robustness during large-angle maneuvers of the articulated payloads at high speeds when linearity assumptions are likely to be incorrect and nonlinearity in dynamics may be significant. An advantage of the proposed controller is that the closed-loop stability is not only robust to unmodeled dynamics but also to actuator nonlinearities as expected in the proposed gimbals for JIMO.
Techniques for Canning Instant Parboiled Rice

The technology to produce an acceptable canned rice was investigated. Conventional raw and parboiled rice exhibit excessive starch leaching, loss of structural integrity, discoloration, unpalatable odors, and poor cooking qualities when canned. Instant parboiled rice which has been hydrated in boiling water before canning yields a superior product Objective color values are improved by flushing the hydrated rice with tap water before canning. Canned grains are free flowing and yield a product similar to freshly cooked rice. Without hydration, the product tends to be a solid mass of chalky and crumbly grains. A direct relation exists between subjective values for appearance and texture of canned rice.
Effect of vitamin D and its metabolites on developing myogenic cultures

Abstract Growth, protein synthesis and expression of creatine kinase (CK) by embryonic chick myogenic cells are inhibited by vitamin D and certain of its metabolites. 25-OH cholecalciferol was most active in concentrations of 10 −5 –10 −6 M, with cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol less active in that order. Ergosterol had no activity of this sort. Inhibition of CK was most marked on the 4th and 5th day of culture and was due to suppression of the appearance of CK-MM and MB. CK-BB was not affected and CK-MB was more affected than CK-BB. Skin fibroblasts by comparison were slightly stimulated in growth at 10 −6 M and much less affected at 10 −5 M than the myogenic cells. It is suggested that vitamin D has a direct effect upon the muscle cell, to cause a selective diminution in the production of certain polypeptides.
Current Status of Methods and Techniques for Breath Analysis

Due to the great potentials in clinical diagnosis, disease state monitoring, and environmental exposure assessment, the breath test is becoming one of the most desirable noninvasive procedures for clinical diagnostics. This article reviews the technical aspects of breath analysis including sample collection, analyte preconcentration, vapor desorption, and various measurement techniques, as well as some recent developments in the field. Because the exhaled breath is affected by the composition of ambient air, the elimination of background influence on the analyte detection is also discussed. Both advantages and major obstacles of breath analysis techniques in clinical practice are presented and summarized. This article not subject to United States Copyright law.
Output Regulation of a Class of Nonlinear Systems Using Differential-Algebraic Equations

This paper deals with the problem of synthesizing feedforward control to aid the regulation of output of a nonlinear system in the presence of partially known exogenous inputs. Currently known methods for this problem either require the solution of a constrained partial differential equation or the preview information of the signal to be tracked. The novelty of this paper lies in synthesizing feedforward control as the solution of an algebraic - differential equation, which is considerably less complex. The techniques developed in this paper generalize very directly to nonlinear systems governed by differential-algebraic equations. In this paper, we consider two separate problems: the problem of tracking reference signals and the problem of regulating the output while rejecting the disturbances. We assume that the disturbance and the reference signals are outputs of known exogenous systems. Furthermore, we assume that the initial conditions for the exogenous system corresponding to the reference signals are known while those for the exogenous system corresponding to disturbances are unknown. We develop a parameter identification scheme to estimate the unknown initial conditions for the exogenous system in the case of output regulation. We illustrate the effectiveness of the control schemes for tracking problem with the example of a ball and beam system, and for the disturbance attenuation problem with two examples, nonlinear vibration absorber and a rotational translational actuator.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Compiler optimizations for eliminating barrier synchronization

This paper presents novel compiler optimizations for reducing synchronization overhead in compiler-parallelized scientific codes. A hybrid programming model is employed to combine the flexibility of the fork-join model with the precision and power of the single-program, multiple data (SPMD) model. By exploiting compile-time computation partitions, communication analysis can eliminate barrier synchronization or replace it with less expensive forms of synchronization. We show computation partitions and data communication can be represented as systems of symbolic linear inequalities for high flexibility and precision. These optimizations has been implemented in the Stanford SUIF compiler. We extensively evaluate their performance using standard benchmark suites. Experimental results show barrier synchronization is reduced 29% on average and by several orders of magnitude for certain programs.
Truncated Nucleosides as A3 Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Combined 2-Arylethynyl and Bicyclohexane Substitutions

C2-Arylethynyladenosine-5'-N-methyluronamides containing a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ((N)-methanocarba) ring are selective A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) agonists. Similar 4'-truncated C2-arylethynyl-(N)-methanocarba nucleosides containing alkyl or alkylaryl groups at the N(6) position were low-efficacy agonists or antagonists of the human A(3)AR with high selectivity. Higher hA(3)AR affinity was associated with N(6)-methyl and ethyl (K(i) 3-6 nM), than with N(6)-arylalkyl groups. However, combined C2-phenylethynyl and N(6)-2-phenylethyl substitutions in selective antagonist 15 provided a K(i) of 20 nM. Differences between 4'-truncated and nontruncated analogues of extended C2-p-biphenylethynyl substitution suggested a ligand reorientation in AR binding, dominated by bulky N(6) groups in analogues lacking a stabilizing 5'-uronamide moiety. Thus, 4'-truncation of C2-arylethynyl-(N)-methanocarba adenosine derivatives is compatible with general preservation of A(3)AR selectivity, especially with small N(6) groups, but reduced efficacy in A(3)AR-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
Alterations in Murine Fetal Thymus and Liver Hematopoietic Cell Populations Following Developmental Exposure to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

Abstract Gestational exposure of ICR mice to the environmental contaminant 7, 12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene (DMBA) was used (i) to study the developmental immunotoxicity of this chemical agent and (ii) to evaluate potential hematopoietic cellular targets in a sensitive developmental model which may be involved in immunosuppression induced by this carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). DMBA produced a dose-dependent hypocellularity in both fetal mouse thymus and liver. Resident hematopoietic cell subpopulations in fetal liver, identified by CD44, CD45R, and Mac-1 monoclonal antibody binding, were reduced by the gestational DMBA treatment. In particular, the total number of CD45R + B-lineage lymphocytic cells in fetal liver was reduced to 20% of control levels by DMBA. Unlike previous reports with related PAH, DMBA did not inhibit thymocyte differentiation, as indicated by unaltered thymocyte expression of CD4, CD8, and heat-stable antigens. These data may indicate that production of thymic atrophy and impairment of thymocyte differentiation by PAH involve separate mechanisms of action. Results of the present study additionally identify changes in immune cell populations that correlate well with inhibition of cell- and humoral-mediated immunity in experimental animals treated with DMBA.
Dental development in South African australopithecines. Part I: Problems of pattern and chronology

It is well known that humans take about twice as long as apes to mature. The traditional view that such delayed maturation was already present in australopithecines has been called into question during the past several years. We have approached this problem by looking at patterns of dental development in gracile and robust australopithecines from South Africa and comparing them to patterns found in extant humans and apes. We have employed both 2 and 3 dimensional computed tomography in our research. The dental growth patterns in these two australopithecine morphs differ, particularly in M1/I1 development. The robust australopithecines are more humanlike and the gracile australopithecines more apelike in this feature (“humanlike” and “apelike” are not used in any taxonomic sense). Pattern and chronology of dental development must be considered separately. Several major problem areas for future research are identified, most of which revolve around the issue of intra- versus interspecific variation.
The organization of neural inputs to the medial preoptic nucleus of the rat

There is general agreement that the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) receives projections from widespread regions of the brain, although there are significant discrepancies in the literature with regard to certain specific inputs. Therefore, we have reexamined the inputs to this nucleus with both retrograde and anterograde axonal transport techniques. First, injections of the retrograde tracers true blue, SITS, or wheat germ agglutinin were made into the region of the MPN and the distribution of retrogradely labeled cells was charted. Then, autoradiographic material was used to confirm the results of the retrograde studies, to identify the route taken by fibers projecting to the MPN, and to describe the distribution of projections with respect to the three cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of the nucleus. The results indicate that the MPN receives inputs from widely distributed areas in both the forebrain and brainstem, and that these inputs appear to be distributed topographically within the three cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of the nucleus. Direct inputs to the MPN arise from all major areas of the hypothalamus (except for the median and magnocellular preoptic nuclei, the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the medial and lateral mammillary nuclei). Projections from nuclei within the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus end primarily in the medial part of the MPN, while inputs from the lateral zone are mainly confined to the lateral part of the nucleus, as are projections from the nuclei within the medial zone, except for those from the anterior and ventromedial nuclei, which appear to be more widespread. The MPN receives major inputs from limbic regions including the amygdala, ventral subiculum, and ventral lateral septal nucleus, all of which end preferentially in the lateral part of the MPN. In contrast, the projection from the encapsulated part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis appears to end preferentially in the central part of the MPN and in immediately adjacent regions of the medial subdivision. In addition, the MPN may receive relatively sparse inputs from infralimbic and insular cortical areas, the nucleus accumbens, and the substantia innominata. Finally, ascending serotoninergic projections from the raphe nuclei appear to terminate principally in the lateral part of the MPN, whereas inputs from regions containing noradrenergic cell groups are chiefly distributed to the central and medial parts of the nucleus. Other brainstem regions that appear to provide modest inputs include the ventral tegmental area, central tegmental field, periaqueductal gray, pedunculopontine nucleus, and the peripeduncular nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Metronidazole, omeprazole and clarithromycin: an effective combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

SUMMARY Background: Successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection results in cure of peptic ulcer disease. Multidrug regimens are needed to cure this infection. We studied the effectiveness and side effect profile of two antibiotics active against Helicobacter pylori, metronidazole and clarithromycin, combined with omeprazole. Methods: We evaluated a combination therapy for H. pylori infection consisting of metronidazole (500 mg b.d.), omeprazole (20 mg b.d.), and clarithromycin (250 mg b.d.) for 2 weeks, followed by ranitidine 300 mg daily for 4 weeks. Results: Thirty-three patients with documented H. pylori infection were studied. Twenty had previously failed antimicrobial therapy, including one with metronidazole-based triple therapy and eight with macrolide-based therapy (five with clarithromycinbased therapy), and 11 with amoxycillin, tetracycline, and bismuth. H. pylori status was determined by histopathology using the Genta stain and by culture. H. pylori status was determined at entry and 4 weeks after completing antimicrobial therapy. The H. pylori infection was cured in 88% (95% CI = 72%–96%) including 90% of those who had failed previous anti-H. pylori therapies. Mild side effects were reported by 18%. Conclusion: We conclude that the combination of metronidazole, omeprazole and clarithromycin is an effective treatment for H. pylori infection.
Where Is Credit Due? Legal Institutions, Connections, and the Efficiency of Bank Lending in Vietnam

Rapid development of the domestic private sector in communist China and Vietnam has been offered as evidence against a large literature that claims a solid legal infrastructure is required for the financial sector to contribute to economic development. One component of the counterargument holds that relationship-based lending has served as an effective substitute for legal institutions. In this article, we challenge this assertion with empirical findings that show bank credit allocation that relies heavily on "connections" undermines the impact of finance on investment growth. Our data come from Vietnam, where--like China--the private sector and financial sector are expanding dramatically but rule of law has not kept pace. Although Vietnam's banking sector is in transition toward a healthier system, it still allocates a disproportionate share of credit to "connected" enterprises in less competitive regions. We find that political connections, in particular, are an ineffective tool for channeling bank credit to the most profitable investors. Using a two-stage empirical approach, we find evidence that banks place greater value on connections than performance and that the firms with greater access to bank loans are no more profitable than firms without them. By some measures, connected firms are even significantly less profitable. We conclude by demonstrating that the most profitable investors in Vietnam have forgone the formal banking system, preferring to finance their activities out of reinvested earnings or informal loans (JEL G21, G28, G30, O12, K11). The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
A Low-Level Proof of Chebyshev's Pre-Prime Number Theorem

The Prime Number Theorem (PNT) is a favorite of many mathematicians, for several reasons. At the top of the list is probably the nature of the proof: Heavy Complex Analysis yields Combinatorial Information about an Algebraic Object. The complex analysis is applied to the Riemann zeta function (and its Euler product), and is fairly intricate. Furthermore, there are typically several number theoretic reductions (involv ing several associated number theoretic functions) along the road. The impression all this gives is that you can't deduce much from the Euler product for Riemann's zeta function without using complex analysis, and you can't get close to the PNT without using a lot of auxiliary prime-oriented functions. It therefore came as a surprise to me that a "proto" version of the PNT could be derived using little more than sophomore-level real analysis of infinite series and one auxiliary prime function. The purpose of this paper is to present this approach. It is not particularly complicated. (In 1948, Selberg [10] gave a calculus-level derivation of the PNT itself. His proof is not simple!)
Place Perception and Social Interaction on an Exurban Landscape in Central Colorado

Abstract An assumption commonly made in research on exurbanization is that the subdivision of land ownership necessarily creates a socially divisive landscape devoid of shared place perceptions and concerns. This article presents the results of an ethnography project undertaken in a former Colorado ranching valley that is currently exurbanizing. The study revealed not only the emergence of social networks and groups among new residents, but also the presence of distinct themes in place perception and assessment within these assemblages. In particular, the results indicated that concerns about natural hazards and environmental limitations have motivated new residents to interact with one another. ∗This research was made possible by generous support from the University of Kansas Department of Geography and the University of Missouri Center for Arts & Humanities. The authors thank Elaine Lawless, Jim Whitworth, Matt Foulkes, Hilary Hungerford, Jason Dittmer, Mark Bowen, and the anonymous reviewers whose crit...
Enhanced neointimal growth in cultured rabbit aorta following in vivo balloon angioplasty

We have used in vivo balloon catheterization in combination with in vitro organ culture to develop a model system for vascular neointima formation. A Fogarty balloon catheter was used to deendothelialize and rupture the internal elastic lamina of aortae in adult rabbits. After three d of recovery, aortae were harvested, divided into segments, and placed into organ culture. We obtained a daily index of cell proliferation in cultured vessels using [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Also, segments were collected and processed for routine histology or immunohistochemistry. Aortic segments that had undergone ballooning 3 d before harvest and then cultured exhibited diffuse neointimal growth after several d in vitro, whereas those from sham-operated (nonballooned) rabbits showed generally only a single endothelial cell layer that is characteristic of normal intima. Aortae that were harvested, balloon-damaged in vitro, and then cultured exhibited no neointimal growth. The neointima that developed in cultured segments from in vivo ballooned rabbits was primarily of smooth muscle cell origin as determined by positive immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin. The intima:media thickness ratios were significantly higher in aortic segments from ballooned rabbits at harvest and after 4 or 7 d in culture compared with those from nonballooned rabbits. Also, the [3H]thymidine index was higher in the in vivo ballooned aorta compared to non-ballooned or in vitro ballooned vessel. We conclude that ballooning in vivo followed by exposure to blood-borne elements produces an enhanced proliferative response in cultured vessels that is distinct from other in vitro models of neointimal growth.
Inferring functional network-based signatures via structurally-weighted LASSO model

Most current research approaches for functional/effective connectivity analysis focus on pair-wise connectivity and cannot deal with network-scale functional interactions. In this paper, we propose a structurally-weighted LASSO (SW-LASSO) regression model to represent the functional interaction among multiple regions of interests (ROIs) based on resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) data. The structural connectivity constraints derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data will guide the selection of the weights which adjust the penalty levels of different coefficients corresponding to different ROIs. Using the Default Mode Network (DMN) as a test-bed, our results indicate that the learned SW-LASSO has good capability of differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) subjects from their normal controls and has promising potential to characterize the brain functions among different condition, thus serving as the functional network-based signature.
The b cytochromes in succinate--cytochrome c reductase from pigeon breast mitochondria.

Abstract A quick and efficient method for the preparation of succinate-cytochromc c reductase from pigeon breast mitochondria using a mixture of ionic and nonionic detergents is described. The spectral characteristics of the cytochrome components of this preparation obtained during the equilibrium potentiometric titration in a new scanning spectrophotometer show a close resemblance to those of the intact mitochondria. Two b cytochromes are present whose properties can be modified by the detergents and lyotropic anions. The most sensitive cytochrome toward any modification is cytochrome bT. Bile salts can convert cytochrome bT into a form spectrally indistinguishable from that of bK, and the lyotropic anions cause disappearance of cytoehrome bT spectrum.
Multipartite entanglement gambling: The power of asymptotic state transformations assisted by a sublinear amount of quantum communication

Reversible state transformations under entanglement nonincreasing operations give rise to entanglement measures. It is well known that asymptotic local operations and classical communication (LOCC) are required to get a simple operational measure of bipartite pure state entanglement. For bipartite mixed states and multipartite pure states it is likely that a more powerful class of operations will be needed. To this end more powerful versions of state transformations (or reducibilities), namely, LOCCq (asymptotic LOCC with a sublinear amount of quantum communication) and CLOCC (asymptotic LOCC with catalysis) have been considered in the literature. In this paper we show that LOCCq state transformations are only as powerful as asymptotic LOCC state transformations for multipartite pure states. The basic tool we use is multipartite entanglement gambling: Any pure multipartite entangled state can be transformed to an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair shared by some pair of parties and any irreducible m-party pure state (m{>=}2) can be used to create any other state (pure or mixed) using LOCC. We consider applications of multipartite entanglement gambling to multipartite distillability and to characterizations of multipartite minimal entanglement generating sets. We briefly consider generalizations of this result to mixed states by defining the class of cat-distillable states, i.e., states frommore » which cat states (vertical bar 0{sup xm}>+vertical bar 1{sup xm}>) may be distilled.« less
A model for reintegrating couples and family therapy training in psychiatric residency programs.

The authors propose a family-systems training model for general residency training programs in psychiatry based on the couples and family therapy training program in Stanford’s Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. The authors review key elements in couples and family therapy training. Examples are drawn from the family therapy training curriculum in a general psychiatric residency program. Conceptual and practical skills taught over the span of a psychiatric residency training program are described, focusing on: joining with the couple or family; seeing systemic patterns, recognizing the family’s developmental stage, history, and culture; identifying family structure; and intervening systemically. This family-systems training model can serve as a resource for residency programs interested in integrating the couples and family therapy model more fully into their curricula.
Corrosion Studies in High Temperature Water By a Hydrogen Effusion Method

Abstract A new method for the measurement of static corrosion rates in aqueous systems at elevated temperature and pressure is briefly described. Data obtained by application of the method to ferrous systems are presented. These data include: (1) the corrosion rate of low carbon steel in distilled water at 600 F, (2) the effect of raising the pH in such systems, (3) the effect of thermal shock and of temperature rise on the corrosion rate, and (4) the effect of heat treatment of the metal on the corrosion rate. Comparison is made between the corrosion rates of low carbon steel and stainless steel and some data are included on the effect of the wall thickness of low carbon steel specimens on the rate of hydrogen effusion resulting from corrosion at 600 F. 4.6.2
Thermodynamic analysis of energy density in pressure retarded osmosis: The impact of solution volumes and costs

Abstract A general method was developed for estimating the volumetric energy efficiency of pressure retarded osmosis via pressure-volume analysis of a membrane process. The resulting model requires only the osmotic pressure, π , and mass fraction, w , of water in the concentrated and dilute feed solutions to estimate the maximum achievable specific energy density, u , as a function of operating pressure. The model is independent of any membrane or module properties. This method utilizes equilibrium analysis to specify the volumetric mixing fraction of concentrated and dilute solution as a function of operating pressure, and provides results for the total volumetric energy density of similar order to more complex models for the mixing of seawater and riverwater. Within the framework of this analysis, the total volumetric energy density is maximized, for an idealized case, when the operating pressure is π / ( 1 + w − 1 ) , which is lower than the maximum power density operating pressure, Δ π / 2 , derived elsewhere, and is a function of the solute osmotic pressure at a given mass fraction. It was also found that a minimum 1.45 kmol of ideal solute is required to produce 1 kWh of energy while a system operating at “maximum power density operating pressure” requires at least 2.9 kmol. Utilizing this methodology, it is possible to examine the effects of volumetric solution cost, operation of a module at various pressure, and operation of a constant pressure module with various feed.
Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure Patients

Ventricular arrhythmia represents a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Its pathophysiologic mechanisms and electroanatomic substrates are slowly being elucidated. Clinical management in patients with heart failure has progressed from antiarrhythmic drugs to device therapy. Catheter ablation is an effective adjunct in the management of ventricular arrhythmia but remains a significant challenge. Advances in robotic and magnetic catheter manipulation may shorten procedural time and increase safety. Incorporation of imaging technologies such as CT, MRI, or ultrasound with electroanatomic mapping can enhance the ability to map and ablate ventricular arrhythmia. Novel imaging modalities may provide rapid characterization of the substrate for ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia development and the capacity for serial assessment of the disease progression, improving risk stratification for ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia development and the capacity for serial assessment of the disease progression, improving risk stratification.
Effects of local lexical competition and regional dialect on vowel production

Global measures of lexical competition, such as lexical neighborhood density, assume that all phonological contrasts contribute equally to competition. However, effects of local phonetic similarity have also been observed in speech production processes, suggesting that some contrasts may lead to greater competition than others. In the current study, the effect of local lexical competition on vowel production was examined across two dialects of American English that differ in the phonetic similarity of the low-front and low-back vowel pairs. Results revealed a significant interaction between regional dialect and local lexical competition on the acoustic distance within each vowel pair. Local lexical contrast led to greater acoustic distance between vowels, as expected, but this effect was significantly enhanced for acoustically similar dialect-specific variants. These results were independent of global neighborhood density, suggesting that local lexical competition may contribute to the realization of sociolinguistic variation and phonological change.
Modulation of cochlear nerve spike rate by cardiac activity in the gerbil

Among primary auditory axons with characteristic frequencies (CFs) below 2500 Hz, a substantial subpopulation was found in which spike activity was driven by cardiac events. The presence of cardiac-driven activity was inferred from cycle histograms triggered on the peak of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This driven activity was either like a simple onset response (often followed by a reduction of spike activity to below background level), or as a longer lasting series of peaks and troughs. In two axons with high CFs (7 kHz and 12.5 kHz), cardiac-driven suppression was observed. Recordings made by a probe microphone revealed the presence of heart-related sound in the external ear canal. The onset of that sound coincided with the onset of cardiac-driven spike activity (and suppression).
Motor performance with a simulated artificial limb.

The present study was conducted to examine performance differences on a reaching and grasping task related to an activity of daily living. This involved either the anatomical limb or a simulated artificial limb. College-aged volunteers (2 men and 4 women), one of whom was left-handed, performed the reaching and grasping task. The apparatus, placed on a table before the seated participant, was a square wooden board which contained a starting key and holes for the insertion and removal of a small Fiberglas dowel. At the beginning of the trial the participant depressed the start key, reached forward and grasped the dowel, and then returned the dowel to a finishing hole located directly in front of the start key. The results of 2 (side) x 2 (type of limb) repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance on the mean and standard deviation of the movement times showed a significant main effect for type of limb (Wilks lambda 3,3 = .047 and .079, respectively, p < .05). Analyses of variance on mean total transport time, extension time, flexion time, and their standard deviations showed that times were slower and less consistent with the prosthesis for all measures. These results and those of later research should be focused on the development of training principles for both therapists and individuals with an amputation. In addition, the simulated prosthesis is an excellent experimental model for basic and clinical research in the control and acquisition of coordinated movement.
Compact representation of triangular finite elements for Poisson's equation

The energy expression associated with Poisson's equation is written, for triangular domains, in a form invariant to translation and rotation. The element matrices derived from this depend only on the intrinsic parameters of the element, say the three sides. Considerable savings in storage can be achieved by storing the global stiffness matrix in terms of these element matrices.
Pupil response to negative emotional information in individuals at risk for depression

Using pupil dilation as a physiological gauge of cognitive and emotional load, currently depressed individuals have previously shown sustained processing of negative emotional information. In this study, pupil dilation data from 24 recovered-depressed individuals were compared to those of 25 never-depressed individuals during a task in which they labelled the valence of emotional words before and after a negative mood-state induction. Before the mood induction, recovered-depressed participants evidenced more sustained pupil dilation in response to negative stimuli than did never-depressed participants. However, after the mood induction, sustained dilation to negative stimuli decreased for recovered participants in comparison to never-depressed participants. These findings suggest that, for people at risk for depression, small amounts of negative information are highly salient and yield increased physiological responses. However, larger amounts of negative information lead to decreased reactions potentiall...
The nicotinic receptor ligand binding domain

The ligand binding domain (LBD) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has served as a prototype for understanding molecular recognition in the family of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. During the past fifty years, studies progressed from fundamental electrophysiological analyses of ACh-evoked ion flow, to biochemical purification of the receptor protein, pharmacological measurements of ligand binding, molecular cloning of receptor subunits, site-directed mutagenesis combined with functional analysis and recently, atomic structural determination. The emerging picture of the nicotinic receptor LBD is a specialized pocket of aromatic and hydrophobic residues formed at interfaces between protein subunits that changes conformation to convert agonist binding into gating of an intrinsic ion channel.
Comparison of the regulation of rotational behavior by hypothalamic oligopeptides

Abstract (1) Like thyrotropin releasing hormone and somatostatin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone modulates the endocrine functions of the adenohypophysis and produces rotational behavior. (2) Although not a neurohormone, substance P also produces rotational behavior. (3) In agreement with data reported by other investigators, our findings suggest that the neurohormones and substance P act as modifiers of neurotransmission in the CNS. (4) In nonlesioned rats, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and substance P produce tight head to tail rotational behavior similar to that induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone and barrel rotations similar to those induced by somatostatin.
Rhodium(III) as a potentiator of the effects of X-rays on cells.

SummaryA rhodium compound, Rh(NH3)3Cl3, does not sensitize the spores of Bacillus megaterium to X-rays. However, it is a very effective sensitizer of vegetative cells of Staphylococcus aureus, raising the sensitivity four times in O2 and over 100 times in anoxia. The inhibition by oxygen of the sensitizing action of Rh(III), which operates over a wide range of [O2], is noteworthy. These experiments were performed in saline-phosphate buffer using 50kVp X-rays. The results are discussed in terms of the known radiation chemistry of this compound.
Non-bridging oxygens in borate glasses: characterization by 11B and 17O MAS and 3QMAS NMR.

Abstract The concentrations of non-bridging oxygens (NBO) in oxide glasses has major effects on their properties and on those of their precursor glass melts. In borate and borosilicate glasses, the presence of NBO bonded to boron has generally been inferred from 11B NMR spectra and mass balance considerations. Here we report the direct observation of such NBO using 17O MAS and 3QMAS techniques, and compare estimates of their populations with those derived from high-resolution 11B MAS spectra. For the latter, two independent methods are used, based on the ratios of trigonal to tetrahedral boron and on the concentrations of trigonal boron sites with large quadrupolar asymmetry parameters. We include data on crystalline sodium pyroborate (Na4B2O5) and sodium metaborate (NaBO2), and several sodium and barium borate glasses. 17O chemical shifts and quadrupolar coupling constants for NBO bonded to boron vary considerably depending on their coordination environment. In borosilicates, peaks for this species may be hidden by overlap with B–O–Si or Si–O–Si resonances.
The causal lossy impulse response of a circular piston evaluated in the time and frequency domains for power law media

Analytical expressions for the time-domain Green's function that exactly solve the wave equation for power-law media with an attenuation term that is proportional to frequency to the power were recently derived. These analytical expressions are causal for power-law exponents less than one and noncausal for power-law exponents greater than or equal to one. A causal expression for the lossy impulse response for a circular piston is obtained for power-law exponent when the impulse response of the time-domain Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral is evaluated by superposing the causal Green's function in space and in time. The lossy impulse response is also computed in the frequency-domain for the same piston. Numerical results are computed in the time and frequency-domains for a circular piston with a radius of 15mm. Problems with aliasing are identified in the frequency-domain impulse response calculation, whereas these problems are avoided in the time-domain calculation.© (2011) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The optical structure of X-ray globular clusters

CTIO 4-m prime-focus plates of eight globular clusters containing bright X-ray sources have been obtained. Plates in several colors (principally U and B) of each cluster have been digitized. A maximum symmetry method for determining the center of a globular cluster image is described and applied to each cluster in order to determine the cluster center with an accuracy of above 1.0 arc sec. Surface brightness profiles have been derived for seven clusters and fitted with King (1966, 1980) models to yield core radii within about 10 percent. These determinations of the cluster centers and core radii are sufficiently accurate to allow Grindlay et al. (1984) to statistically measure the mass of the globular cluster X-ray sources. Two clusters (NGC 6624 and M15) show significant excesses of light in their cores over the best-fit King model, in agreement with the results of Djorgovski and King (1984). The significance of these excesses, as well as the lack of any dependence of globular cluster structural parameters on color, is discussed.
Edge Abrasion of Durable‐Press Fabrics Due to Launderin and Wear

In a wear study of polyesterlcotton durable-press trousers, the laundry process was found to cause approximately half of the total edge abrasion. No significant differences in amount of edge abrasion were found among trousers laundered by different methods. Laboratory studies using polyesterlcotton fabrics indicated that the least abrasion occurred when simulated cuff samples were washed wrong side out, with slow agitation speed, or with a shortened wash cycle. Studies using 100 percent cotton durable-press fabrics indicated that an increase in tumble drying time resulted in a significant increase in amount of edge abrasion. Turning samples wrong side out, shortening the wash period, and using slow agitation speed tended to reduce the amount of edge abrasion. Edge abrasion was evaluated by comparison of samples with photographic standards and examination of samples with the scanning electron microscope.
Prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water and the risk of congenital anomalies: a retrospective cohort study

Background Prior animal and human studies of prenatal exposure to solvents including tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown increases in the risk of certain congenital anomalies among exposed offspring.