cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon resistance thermometers and variable-range hopping

Abstract The observed temperature dependence of a wide variety of carbon resistance thermometers is compared with the simple models of variable-range hopping. It is shown that for some resistors at very low temperatures, the 1/3-power law (for hopping in 2 D) provides a slightly more accurate fit than the 1/4-power law (for hopping in 3 D). In other cases, the two power laws are indistinguishable within the accuracy of the data.
High-speed, low-voltage substrate-removed GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic modulators

Substrate-removed bulk GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic modulators with high-speed slow wave electrodes and bandwidths exceeding 40 GHz were fabricated. These devices have true push pull operation with adjustable chirp.
Combined weak classifiers

To obtain classification systems with both good generalization performance and efficiency in space and time, we propose a learning method based on combinations of weak classifiers, where weak classifiers are linear classifiers (perceptrons) which can do a little better than making random guesses. A randomized algorithm is proposed to find the weak classifiers. They are then combined through a majority vote. As demonstrated through systematic experiments, the method developed is able to obtain combinations of weak classifiers with good generalization performance and a fast training time on a variety of test problems and real applications.
Comparative simulation study of chemical synthesis of functional DADNE material.

Amorphous molecular simulation to model the reaction species in the synthesis of chemically inert and energetic 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE) explosive material was performed in this work. Nitromethane was selected as the starting reactant to undergo halogenation, nitration, deprotonation, intermolecular condensation, and dehydration to produce the target DADNE product. The Materials Studio (MS) forcite program allowed fast energy calculations and reliable geometric optimization of all aqueous molecular reaction systems (0.1-0.5 M) at 283 K and 298 K. The MS forcite-computed and Gaussian polarizable continuum model (PCM)-computed results were analyzed and compared in order to explore feasible reaction pathways under suitable conditions for the synthesis of DADNE. Through theoretical simulation, the findings revealed that synthesis was possible, and a total energy barrier of 449.6 kJ mol-1 needed to be overcome in order to carry out the reaction according to MS calculation of the energy barriers at each stage at 283 K, as shown by the reaction profiles. Local analysis of intermolecular interaction, together with calculation of the stabilization energy of each reaction system, provided information that can be used as a reference regarding molecular integrated stability. Graphical Abstract Materials Studio software has been suggested for the computation and simulation of DADNE synthesis.
Absorption, Metabolic Stability, and Pharmacokinetics of Ginger Phytochemicals

We have previously demonstrated promising anticancer efficacy of orally-fed whole ginger extract (GE) in preclinical prostate models emphasizing the importance of preservation of the natural “milieu”. Essentially, GE primarily includes active ginger phenolics viz., 6-gingerol (6G), 8-gingerol (8G), 10-gingerol (10G), and 6-shogaol (6S). However, the druglikeness properties of active GE phenolics like solubility, stability, and metabolic characteristics are poorly understood. Herein, we determined the physicochemical and biochemical properties of GE phenolics by conducting in vitro assays and mouse pharmacokinetic studies with and without co-administration of ketoconazole (KTZ). GE phenolics showed low to moderate solubility in various pH buffers but were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, indicating their suitability for oral administration. All GE phenolics were metabolically unstable and showed high intrinsic clearance in mouse, rat, dog, and human liver microsomes. Upon oral administration of 250 mg/kg GE, sub-therapeutic concentrations of GE phenolics were observed. Treatment of plasma samples with β-glucuronidase (βgd) increased the exposure of all GE phenolics by 10 to 700-fold. Co-administration of KTZ with GE increased the exposure of free GE phenolics by 3 to 60-fold. Interestingly, when the same samples were treated with βgd, the exposure of GE phenolics increased by 11 to 60-fold, suggesting inhibition of phase I metabolism by KTZ but little effect on glucuronide conjugation. Correlating the in vitro and in vivo results, it is reasonable to conclude that phase II metabolism seems to be the predominant clearance pathway for GE phenolics. We present evidence that the first-pass metabolism, particularly glucuronide conjugation of GE phenolics, underlies low systemic exposure.
Transparência Administrativa e o Direito de Acesso às Informações Públicas no Constitucionalismo Periférico do Brasil: Bancos Públicos e Benefícios Privados no Julgamento do Caso BNDES.

En este articulo se investiga el tema de la transparencia administrativa y el acceso a la informacion publica. El caso del Banco de Desarrollo Economico y Social juzgado por el Tribunal Supremo y examinados en el estudio es paradigmatico. La metodologia utilizada fue la investigacion bibliografica y jurisprudencial.La constitucionalizacion del Derecho Administrativo y la institucionalizacion de estandares hermeneuticos del Estado democratico de derecho determinan el ejercicio de la autoridad publica de forma visible. La decision de la Corte Suprema adopto el mejor diseno de la transparencia administrativa como consecuencia de la integridad y la coherencia del conjunto de virtudes constitucionales.
How unusual was 2015 in the 1984–2015 period of North Cascade Glacier Annual Mass Balance?

Abstract. In 1983 the North Cascade Glacier Climate Project (NCGCP) began annual monitoring 10 glaciers throughout the range, to identify their response to climate change. The annual observations include mass balance, terminus behaviour, and accumulation area ratio (AAR). Annual mass balance (Ba) measurements have been continued on 7 original glaciers that still exist. Two glaciers have disappeared: the Lewis Glacier and Spider Glacier. Foss Glacier was discontinued in 2014 as it has separated into several sections. In 1990, Easton Glacier and Sholes Glacier were added to the annual balance program. This comparatively long record from glaciers in one region conducted by the same research program using the same methods offers some useful comparative data to place the impact of regional climate warmth of 2015 in perspective. The mean annual balance of the North Cascade glaciers is reported in water equivalent thicknesses to the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). From 1984–2015 the mean Ba is –0.54 ma-1, ranging from –0.44 to –0.67 ma-1 for individual glacier's. This is equivalent to the WGMS global average for this period of –0.56 ma-1. The cumulative loss of 17.2 m w.e. and ~ 19 m of ice thickness represents more than 30 % of the volume of the glaciers. In 2015 the mean Ba of nine North Cascade glaciers was –3.10 m w.e., the most negative in the 32 year record, with 2005 the previous maximum loss at –2.84 m. The mean AAR of 3 % was likewise a minimum, previous minimum was 16 % in 2005. The correlation coefficient of Ba is above 0.80 between all glaciers including the USGS benchmark glacier, South Cascade Glacier. This indicates that the response is regional and not controlled by local factors. The similar mass balance losses in alpine glacier regions globally suggest global climate change is the principal driving force.
Directed energy stand-off molecular composition analysis

A scheme is described for probing the molecular composition of cold solar system targets such as asteroids, comets, planets and moons from a distant vantage. A laser beam is directed at a spot on a distant target, such as from a spacecraft orbiting the object. With sufficient flux, the spot temperature rises rapidly, and evaporation of materials on the target surface occurs; ejected material creates a molecular plume of target material. The melted spot serves as a high-temperature blackbody source, and bulk composition is investigated by analyzing absorption that occurs when blackbody radiation from the heated spot passes through the molecular cloud. The method is described as Remote Laser Evaporative Molecular Absorption (R-LEMA) Spectroscopy. Spatial composition maps could be created by scanning the directed energy beam across the surface. Applying the laser beam to a single spot continuously produces a borehole (or trench, for rotating objects), and shallow sub-surface composition profiling is also possible. Simulations of absorption profiles with laser heating show promise for molecular composition analysis. This study presents results of simulations showing the molecular absorption profiles for selected molecular species.
Identification of β-synuclein on secretory granules in chromaffin cells and the effects of α- and β-synuclein on BDNF discharge following fusion

Synuclein is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, its normal function in cells is not understood. The N-termini of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein are comprised of seven 11-amino acid repeats that are predicted to form amphipathic helices. α-Synuclein binds to negatively charged lipids, especially small vesicles and tubulates and vesiculates lipids. The membrane-binding and membrane-curving abilities raise the possibility that synuclein could alter cellular processes that involve highly curved structures. In the present study we examined the localization of endogenous synuclein in bovine chromaffin cells by immunocytochemistry and its possible function to control protein discharge upon fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane by regulating the fusion pore. We found with quantitative immunocytochemistry that endogenous β-synuclein associates with secretory granules. Endogenous α-synuclein only rarely is found on secretory granules. Overexpression of α-synuclein but not β-synuclein quickened the median duration of the post- fusion discharge of BDNF-pHluorin by 30%, consistent with α-synuclein speeding fusion pore expansion.
A First Course in Computational Fluid Dynamics

Fluid mechanics is a branch of classical physics that has a rich tradition in applied mathematics and numerical methods. It is at work virtually everywhere, from nature to technology. This broad and fundamental coverage of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) begins with a presentation of basic numerical methods and flows into a rigorous introduction to the subject. A heavy emphasis is placed on the exploration of fluid mechanical physics through CFD, making this book an ideal text for any new course that simultaneously covers intermediate fluid mechanics and computation. Ample examples, problems and computer exercises are provided to allow students to test their understanding of a variety of numerical methods for solving flow physics problems, including the point-vortex method, numerical methods for hydrodynamic stability analysis, spectral methods and traditional CFD topics.
Neurodevelopmental considerations in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis

The majority of surviving infants with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) will have some degree of neurodevelopmental impairment. The impact of specific medial and surgical treatments for infants with severe NEC remains largely unknown but is being actively investigated. It is incumbent upon all providers caring for these infants to continue to focus on long term neurodevelopmental outcomes and to develop more widespread methods of neurodevelopmental assessment.
A randomized study of erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus placebo and G-CSF for patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Anemia is a universal finding in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Effective therapies to increase the number of autologous red blood cells could result in a lower morbidity and mortality associated with red blood cell transfusions. We examined whether the addition of erythropoietin (Epo) to intensive therapy supported by progenitor cell transplantation and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) would result in a lower requirement for red blood cell transfusions. Thirty-five patients with lymphoma were randomized to receive Epo versus placebo. Epo (600 U/kg three times per week) or placebo was begun 3 weeks before administration of high-dose therapy. Epo was held during the week of the preparatory regimen, and restarted on the day after BMT. All patients also received G-CSF following BMT. No significant differences were noted between the two groups in terms of patient characteristics at pretreatment or post-BMT evaluation. There were no differences in the total number of red blood cell units transfused (median Epo: 8 v placebo: 6, P = .22) nor the number of platelet transfusions given (median Epo: 12 v placebo 5, P = .14). Engraftment of granulocytes (absolute neutrophil count > or = 500/microL) occurred in a median of 12 days (range, 9 to 33) for the patients receiving Epo and G-CSF, compared with a median of 10 days (range, 8 to 22) for those receiving placebo and G-CSF (P = .70). Likewise, there were no differences in the time to platelet count > or = 20,000/microL without further transfusions with a median of 22 days (range, 15 to 150+) for those receiving Epo and G-CSF compared with a median of 20 days (range, 11 to 54) for those patients receiving placebo and G-CSF (P = .28). The combination of G-CSF and Epo as administered in this study appears to be safe but does not result in an improvement in the total number of red blood cell transfusions or total number of single donor platelet units transfused.
An exocentric look at egocentric actions and vice versa

Abstract In this work we address the task of relating action information across two drastically different visual domains, namely, first-person (egocentric) and third-person (exocentric). We investigate two different yet highly interconnected problems including cross-view action classification and action based video retrieval. First, we perform action classification in one domain using the knowledge transferred from the other domain. Second, given a video in one view, we retrieve videos from the same action class in the other view. In order to evaluate our models, we collect a new cross-domain dataset of egocentric-exocentric action videos containing 14 action classes and 3569 videos (1676 collected egocentric videos and 1893 exocentric videos borrowed from the UCF 101 dataset). Our results demonstrate the possibility of transferring action information across the two domains and suggest new directions in relating first and third person vision for other tasks.
First two operational years of the electron-beam ion trap charge breeder at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory

The electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) charge breeder of the ReA post-accelerator, located at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (Michigan State University), started on-line operation in September 2015. Since then, the EBIT has delivered many pilot beams of stable isotopes and several rare-isotope beams. An operating aspect of the ReA EBIT is the breeding of high charge states to reach high reaccelerated beam energies. Efficiencies in single charge states of more than 20% were measured with ${^{39}\mathrm{K}}^{15+}$, ${^{85}\mathrm{Rb}}^{27+}$, ${^{47}\mathrm{K}}^{17+}$, and ${^{34}\mathrm{Ar}}^{15+}$. Producing high charge states demands long breeding times. This reduces the ejection frequency and, hence, increases the number of ions ejected per pulse. Another operating aspect is the ability to spread the distribution in time of the ejected ion pulses to lower the instantaneous rate delivered to experiments. Pulse widths were stretched from a natural $25\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ up to $\ensuremath{\sim}70\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$. This publication reviews the progress of the ReA EBIT system over the years and presents the results of charge-breeding efficiency measurements and pulse-stretching tests obtained with stable- and rare-isotope beams. Studies performed with high sensitivity to identify and quantify stable-isotope contaminants from the EBIT are also presented, along with a novel method for purifying beams.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding two S proteins of a self-compatible cultivar of Petunia hybrida

A defective S-allele, S 0, and a functional S-allele, S x, have previously been found to be retained in an F1 hybrid of a self-compatible commercial cultivar of Petunia hybrida. Pistil proteins associated with these two alleles have also been identified. Their amino-terminal sequences have been found to share a high degree of similarity with those of S-proteins characterized from self-incompatible solanaceous species. Here we report the isolation and sequencing of cDNAs encoding S 0- and S x-proteins. Their deduced amino acid sequences contain all the consensus primary structural features of S-proteins from self-incompatible solanaceous species. Both proteins also have ribonuclease activity. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the presumed function of the S-protein in the self-incompatibility interaction.
Suture pulley countertraction method reduces procedure time and technical demand of endoscopic submucosal dissection among novice endoscopists learning endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective randomized ex vivo study.

Background and Aims The lack of reliable countertraction in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) contributes to its technical demand and increased procedure time. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of the suture pulley countertraction method in endoscopists new to both suturing and ESD. Methods Two 30-mm circular lesions were created in an ex vivo porcine stomach model. Endoscopists considered novices for both endoscopic suturing and ESD were randomized to either traditional or suture pulley ESD first and performed ESD using each technique. Procedure time was recorded including time of circumferential incision, suture pulley placement, and submucosal dissection. After completion of each ESD, participants graded the difficulty of the procedure using the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index. Results Thirteen participants (8 fellows, 5 attendings) completed the study using both methods. Mean total procedure time was shorter using suture pulley ESD compared with traditional ESD (26.7 ± 7.3 vs 59.4 ± 20.4 minutes, P Conclusions The suture pulley countertraction method significantly decreases procedure time and technical demand of ESD among endoscopists at all skill levels who are new to ESD. The results of this study have potential implications for ESD training in the United States.
Iridium-Catalyzed Radiosynthesis of Branched Allylic [18F]Fluorides.

The rapid and operationally simple radiosynthesis of branched allylic [18F]fluorides bearing a variety of functional groups, via iridium-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction utilizing allyl...
Separation and detection of aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics using supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract. Atmospheric particles contain thousands of compounds with many different functional groups and a wide range of polarities. Typical separation methods for aqueous atmospheric systems include reverse-phase liquid chromatography or derivatization of analytes of interest followed by gas chromatography. This study introduces supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry as a separation method for the methylglyoxal–ammonium sulfate reaction mixture (a proxy for aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics). Several column compositions, mobile-phase modifiers, and column temperatures were examined to determine their effect on separation and optimum conditions for separation. Polar columns such as the Viridis UPC 2 ™ BEH column combined with a mobile-phase gradient of carbon dioxide and methanol provided the best separation of compounds in the mixture and, when coupled to an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer, allowed for detection of several new masses in the methylglyoxal–ammonium sulfate reaction mixture as well as the possible identification of several isomers. This analysis method can be extended to other aqueous aerosol mimics, including the mixtures of other aldehydes or organic acids with ammonium or small amines.
Field measurements of emulsion application rates and pavement emulsion absorption in tack coats and chip seals

Abstract Simple and practical test frameworks for field measurements of Emulsion Application Rates (EARs) in chip seal and tack coat applications are identified. The methods identified allow for local in situ measurements of the EAR that can be obtained during construction. For both tack coats and chip seals, the test methods identified allow for determining the EAR from residual binder application rate measurements combined with the emulsion water content. Implementation of the test frameworks established in this study could be used as part of a quality assurance/quality control program.
The low molecular weight cadmium-, mercury- and zinc-binding proteins (metallothioneins): biosynthesis, metabolism, and possible role in metal toxicity.

Metallothionein, since its discovery in 1957, has generated considerable interest among the protein chemists, toxicologists and nutritionists, especially during the last decade. The biological function of the protein, however, remains uncertain. This paper summarizes the work on metallothionein that the author has been directly involved with since 1967. No attempt to review the literature is made here. It is anticipated that the final report of the meeting will fulfill the task of critically reviewing the entire literature.
Associations of caregiver-oncologist discordance in prognostic understanding with caregiver-reported therapeutic alliance and anxiety.

15Background: Discordance in prognostic understanding between caregivers of adults with cancer and the patient’s oncologist is common. However, the relationship between caregiver-oncologist discord...
Design and Synthesis of Tetrazole- and Pyridine-Containing Itraconazole Analogs as Potent Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Itraconazole, a widely used antifungal drug, was found to possess antiangiogenic activity and is currently undergoing multiple clinical trials for the treatment of different types of cancer. However, it suffers from extremely low solubility and strong interactions with many drugs through inhibition of CYP3A4, limiting its potential as a new antiangiogenic and anticancer drug. To address these issues, a series of analogs in which the phenyl group is replaced with pyridine or fluorine-substituted benzene was synthesized. Among them the pyridine- and tetrazole-containing compound 24 has significantly improved solubility and reduced CYP3A4 inhibition compared to itraconazole. Similar to itraconazole, compound 24 inhibited the AMPK/mTOR signaling axis and the glycosylation of VEGFR2. It also induced cholesterol accumulation in the endolysosome and demonstrated binding to the sterol-sensing domain of NPC1 in a simulation study. These results suggested that compound 24 may serve as an attractive candidate for the development of a new generation of antiangiogenic drug.
The Coronavirus Pandemic Shutdown and Distributive Justice: Why Courts Should Refocus the Fifth Amendment Takings Analysis

The 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic and the ensuing shutdown of private businesses -- to promote the public’s health and safety -- demonstrated the wide reach of state and local governments’ police power. Many businesses closed and many went bankrupt as various government programs failed to keep their enterprises afloat. These businesses were shut down to further the national interest in stemming a global pandemic. This is an archetypal example of regulating for the public health – preventing a direct threat that sickened hundreds of thousands of Americans. But some businesses were disproportionately hit while others flourished. Many who bore the brunt of these regulations sued, alleging their property was taken by the government without just compensation. These unfortunate businesses and individuals are unlikely to be successful, absent arbitrary action by the government or egregious circumstances. The takings clause is therefore woefully inadequate to provide what Aristotle called “distributive justice” – the equal distribution of benefits and burdens throughout society. Courts should therefore refocus the takings analysis to ensure fairness and justice.
Level of Quit

I am an Ironman. For the uninitiated, this means that I have completed a 140.6-mile triathlon. Mine consisted of a 2.4-mile ocean swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a 26.2-mile marathon run. As you ca...
Urothelial Differences in the Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex: Potential Implications for Management

Purpose:The authors examined the urothelium of exstrophy-epispadias complex spectrum patients for histological differences and expression of terminal markers of urothelial differentiation.Materials...
Fostering pedagogical reasoning and dynamic decision-making practices: a conceptual framework to support learning design in a digital age

Digital learning environments are dynamic systems that require learning designers to leverage environmental conditions and the needs of their learners. While many frameworks and studies have explored pedagogical reasoning, little emphasis has been placed on the dynamic decision-making processes of learning designers. To advance the exploration of pedagogical reasoning and dynamic decision-making in digital learning environments, we proffer a conceptual framework that supports these practices through the promotion of reflection-in-action, external representations, and the use of conjecturing strategies to maneuver through the learning design space. Theoretical and practical implications are considered for how pedagogical reasoning and dynamic decision-making can be integrated into learning design curricula and educational policy.
On-site generated peroxy acetic acid (PAA) technology reduces Salmonella and Campylobacter on chicken wings

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is a widely used antimicrobial during poultry processing that requires to be shipped in a concentrated solution, stored under hazardous conditions and diluted for use. On-site PAA generation using nonhazardous ingredients can help eliminate transportation and storage issues at the processing plant and reduce the risk of occupational hazards. The objective of the proposed research was to 1) evaluate the efficacy of on-site generated PAA in reducing Salmonella and Campylobacter populations compared to the commercially available PAA stock solutions and 2) to perform color measurements to evaluate any deviations between treatments. PAA solutions at 50 and 100 ppm were used for treating the chicken wings. Fresh chicken wings (0.45 kg) were inoculated with a cocktail of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (STNR) and gentamicin resistant Campylobacter coli (CCGR) and immersed in PAA solutions (50 and 100 ppm) adjusted to pH 8.5 and 10.0 or 10.5, for either 10 s or 60 min. Treated chicken wings were rinsed for 1 min in chilled BPW (100 mL), serially diluted and plated on APC Petrifilm for Salmonella, spread plated on Campy-cefex agar supplemented with gentamicin (200 ppm) for Campylobacter enumeration. Immersion of chicken wings in 100 ppm PAA for 60 min irrespective of pH levels and PAA solutions resulted in greater microbial reductions (P 0.05) in color were observed between treatments and controls. On-site generated PAA provides poultry processors an effective, safer, and less hazardous alternative to commercially available PAA solutions, ensuring poultry workers' health and safety.
Ozanimod: A First-in-Class Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.

ObjectiveTo review the pharmacological and clinical profile of ozanimod in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).Data SourcesA PubMed search was conducted from inception to July 2021 using the k...
Making Diabetes Self-Management Education Culturally Relevant for Filipino Americans in Hawai'i

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the cultural values, traditions, and perceptions of diabetes risk and selfcare among Filipino Americans in Hawaii with type 2 diabetes that facilitate or impede engagement in diabetes self-management behaviors and education classes.Methods: This qualitative study used 2 rounds of semistructured focus groups and interviews. Participants included 15 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from a large health-maintenance organization in Hawaii and 7 health care and cultural experts recruited from the community. The taped and transcribed focus groups and interviews were coded thematically. Participants evaluated example materials for diabetes self-management education (DSME) with Filipino Americans.Results: Several aspects of Filipino American culture were identified as central to understanding the challenges of engaging in self-management behaviors and DSME: (1) undertaking self-management while prioritizing the family and maintaining social relationships, (2) modifying diet while upholding valued symbolic and social meanings of food, (3) participating in storytelling in the face of stigma associated with diabetes, and (4) reconciling spiritual and biomedical interpretations of disease causality and its management. Respondents also emphasized the role of several qualitative aspects of perceived risk (eg., dread, control) in moderating their behaviors. Participants suggested ways to make DSME culturally relevant.Conclusions: Awareness of cultural values and qualitative aspects of perceived risk that influence Filipino Americans' engagement in diabetes self-care behaviors and classes may help to improve teaching methods, materials, and recruitment strategies.
Volatility and time series econometrics : essays in honor of Robert F. Engle

Introduction 1. Measuring Downside Risk- Realized Semivariance 2. Modelling UK Inflation Uncertainty, 1958-2006 3. Glossary to ARCH 4. A Multifactor Nonlinear, Continuous-time Model of Interest Rate Volatility 5. Volatility Regimes and Global Equity Returns 6. The Long Run Shift-Share: Modelling the Sources of Metropolitan Sectoral Fluctuations 7. Macroeconomic Volatility and Stock Market Volatility, Worldwide 8. Estimating the Implied Risk Neutral Density for the U.S. Market Portfolio 9. Multivariate Autocontours for Specification Testing in Multivariate GARCH Models 10. A History of Econometrics at the University of California, San Diego, A Personal Viewpoint 11. Macroeconomics and ARCH 12. An Automatic test of Super Exogeneity 13. Changes in the Volatility of Residential Investment in the United States 14. Generalized Forecast Errors, A Change of Measure and Forecast Optimality Conditions 15. Trade by Trade, Financial Transaction Price Dynamics and Limit Order Placement 16. Modelling Autoregressive Conditional Skewness and Kurtosis with Multi-Quantile CAViaR
Inflation and relative price variability: The case of internationally traded primary commodities

Abstract We examine the link between inflation and relative price variability for internationally traded primary commodities. Larger and unexpected movements in commodity prices induce greater relative price variability. Thus, our results generally mirror similar findings for the prices of finished products.
Etiology of Chronic Low Back Pain in Patients Having Undergone Lumbar Fusion

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of lumbar internal disc disruption, zygapohyseal joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and soft tissue irritation by fusion hardware in post-fusion low back pain patients compared with non-fused patients utilizing diagnostic spinal procedures. Design. Retrospective chart review. Setting. University spine center. Patient Sample. Patients presenting to a community-based, multidisciplinary, academic spine center (65.9% female, mean age 54.4 years, median pain duration 12 months). Interventions. Charts of consecutive low back pain cases completing diagnostic spinal procedures including provocation discography and zygapohyseal joint, sacroiliac joint, and fusion hardware blockade were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome Measures. Based on the results of discography and/or diagnostic blockades, subjects were classified with internal disc disruption, zygapohyseal joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, or fusion hardware related pain. Results. The diagnoses of 28 fusion cases identified from 170 low back pain patients undergoing diagnostic procedures included 12 with sacroiliac joint pain, seven with internal disc disruption, five with zygapohyseal joint pain, and four due to soft tissue irritation from fusion hardware. No significant differences were noted in zygapohyseal joint mediated pain with and without fusion history. Mean ages of patients were similar with and without fusion history for cases diagnosed as internal disc disruption. Conclusion. In patients' recalcitrant to non-interventional care, the sacroiliac joint is the most likely source of low back pain after lumbar fusion followed by internal disc disruption, zygapohyseal joint pain, and soft tissue irritation due to fusion hardware. Sacroiliac joint pain is more common after fusion, while internal disc disruption is more common in non-fusion patients.
Treating Bulimia in Adolescents: A Family-Based Approach

This review was conducted from the perspective of a practicing academic clinical psychologist who conducts research on the development and treatment of eating disorders and obesity and who engages ...
Relationship among Benders, Dantzig–Wolfe, and Lagrangian Optimization

In this article, we present the equivalence of Benders, Dantzig–Wolfe, and Lagrangian optimization methods for solving linear programs. In particular, we illustrate that applying Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition for solving a linear program is equivalent to employing Benders decomposition to solve its dual linear program, which is in turn equivalent to implementing a cutting plane method to solve its Lagrangian dual problem. We first demonstrate this equivalence when solving a simply structured linear program having a bounded feasible region, and then extend the results to more general cases such as an unbounded feasible region and block diagonal structure. Keywords: linear programming; Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition; Benders decomposition; Lagrangian optimization; column generation; cutting plane algorithm
Thermal Design Space Exploration of 3D Die Stacked Multi-core Processors Using Geospatial-Based Predictive Models

This paper presents novel 2D geospatial-based predictive models for exploring the complex thermal spatial behavior of three-dimensional (3D) die stacked multi-core processors at the early design stage. Unlike other analytical techniques, our predictive models can forecast the location, size and temperature of thermal hotspots. We evaluate the efficiency of using the models for predicting within-die and cross-dies thermal spatial characteristics of 3D multi-core architectures with widely varied design choices (e.g. microarchitecture, floor-plan and packaging). Our results show the models achieve high accuracy while maintaining low complexity and computation overhead.
The effects of computer assisted instruction and structured curriculum on struggling mathematics students

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different instructional types used in a mathematics intervention setting. In recent years, school staff have implemented mathematics intervention programs to aid struggling students and improve student achievement. Advancements in technology have enticed many school staff to purchase computer-based instructional products that are used for mathematics intervention. Often computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is the only mathematics intervention students receive, however staff in the school of this study used a structured curriculum (SC) along with CAI. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CAI compared to a SC delivered by a teacher. This study used a three-group pre/post-test design, which examined the effects of CAI, SC, and CAI with SC on mathematics achievement and students' attitudes towards mathematics. The follow research questions guided data analyses: I) Is there a significant instructional type effect on mathematics achievement? 2) Is there a significant instructional type effect on mathematics attitude? 3) What is the factor structure of mathematics attitude scores of struggling learners? Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no statistically significant instructional type effects on mathematics achievement or attitude towards mathematics. However, factor analyses of pre-survey attitude scores revealed a factor structure different from the one found in current research. Meanwhile, factor analyses of post attitude survey scores resulted in a factor structure resembling that found in current literature, which suggested a shift in struggling students' mathematics attitude structures after they participated in mathematics intervention. The results of this study provided information about how school leaders and administrators can design and implement mathematics intervention programs as well as the role of CAI in intervention programs. Additionally, lapses in fidelity of program implementation may have influenced results of the study and provide recommendations for teacher professional development and monitoring in order to maintain high levels of fidelity when implementing an intervention program. Finally, the results of this study suggested that struggling learners' attitude structure might be different than that of students in the larger population. The researcher discussed implications these differences may have on the design of mathematics intervention programs.
The Judiciary Is a They, Not an It: Two Fallacies of Interpretive Theory

In the theory of constitutional and statutory interpretation, dynamic arguments point to the beneficial effects on legislative behavior that will result if "judges" or "courts" adopt a particular approach to interpretation. In this paper I claim that such arguments are conceptually confused, and thus do not count as valid arguments at all. Dynamic arguments commit the fundamental mistake of overlooking the collective character of judicial institutions - of overlooking that the judiciary, like Congress, is a "they," not an "it." That mistake produces the critical, and erroneous, assumption that coordinated judicial adoption of some particular approach to legal interpretation is both feasible and desirable. That assumption commits two logical fallacies simultaneously. The fallacy of division arises when a claim that is true of, or justified for, a whole set is taken to apply to any particular member of the set. The fallacy of composition arises when a claim that is true of, or justified for, any particular member of a set is taken to apply to the whole set. Both fallacies infect dynamic interpretive arguments. First, the claim that a given approach would be best for the whole court or judiciary does not entail that it would be best for any given judge taken alone. The inference from the group-level claim to the individual-level claim fails if judicial coordination on a particular approach is infeasible or unlikely. Second, the claim that a particular approach is best for any given judge need not entail that it would be best for the whole court (or judiciary). If a diversity of approaches is desirable for systemic and institutional reasons, then it would be an affirmative bad for all judges to coordinate on a particular approach. To overlook the first point is to commit the division fallacy; to overlook the second is to commit the composition fallacy. The same reasoning applies from the standpoint of every judge in the system. In the language of moral philosophy, dynamic theorists have overlooked essential questions of non-ideal theory, which asks what obligations people have when others will not or cannot comply with their (identical) obligations. In the language of economics and consequentialist political theory, the interpretive theorist has overlooked essential questions of the second-best, which arise when a general or collective equilibrium cannot be attained. It is an irony of interpretive theory that so much emphasis has been given to exploring the consequences of the legislature's collective character, while inadequate attention has been paid to the same problem in judicial institutions.
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct

The latter half of thetwentieth century has been marked by debates inevolutionary biology over the relativesignificance of natural selection and randomdrift: the so-called ``neutralist/selectionist''debates. Yet John Beatty has argued that it isdifficult, if not impossible, to distinguishthe concept of random drift from the concept ofnatural selection, a claim that has beenaccepted by many philosophers of biology. Ifthis claim is correct, then theneutralist/selectionist debates seem at bestfutile, and at worst, meaningless. I reexaminethe issues that Beatty raises, and argue thatrandom drift and natural selection, conceivedas processes, can be distinguished from one another.
Analysis of incomplete data under non-random mechanisms: bayesian inference

Inferences are made concerning population proportions when data are not missing at random.Both one sample and two sample situations are considered with examples in clinical trials.The one samplesituation involves the existence of response related incomplete data in a study conducted to make inferences involving the proportion. The two sample problem involves comparing two treatments in clinical trials when there exists dropouts due to both the treatment and the response to the treatment.Bayes procedures are used in estimating parameters of interest and testing hypotheses of interest in these two situations. An ad-hoc approach to the classical inference is presented for each ofthe two situations and compared with the Bayesian approach discussed. To illustrate the theory developed, data from clinical trials of severe head trauma patients at the Medical College of Virginia Head Injury Center from 1984 to 1987 is considered
PopZ identifies the new pole, and PodJ identifies the old pole during polar growth in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens elongates by addition of peptidoglycan (PG) only at the pole created by cell division, the growth pole, whereas the opposite pole, the old pole, is inactive for PG synthesis. How Agrobacterium assigns and maintains pole asymmetry is not understood. Here, we investigated whether polar growth is correlated with novel pole-specific localization of proteins implicated in a variety of growth and cell division pathways. The cell cycle of A. tumefaciens was monitored by time-lapse and superresolution microscopy to image the localization of A. tumefaciens homologs of proteins involved in cell division, PG synthesis and pole identity. FtsZ and FtsA accumulate at the growth pole during elongation, and improved imaging reveals FtsZ disappears from the growth pole and accumulates at the midcell before FtsA. The L,D-transpeptidase Atu0845 was detected mainly at the growth pole. A. tumefaciens specific pole-organizing protein (Pop) PopZAt and polar organelle development (Pod) protein PodJAt exhibited dynamic yet distinct behavior. PopZAt was found exclusively at the growing pole and quickly switches to the new growth poles of both siblings immediately after septation. PodJAt is initially at the old pole but then also accumulates at the growth pole as the cell cycle progresses suggesting that PodJAt may mediate the transition of the growth pole to an old pole. Thus, PopZAt is a marker for growth pole identity, whereas PodJAt identifies the old pole.
Effect of a home telecare program on oral health among adults with tetraplegia: a pilot study.

Effect of a home telecare program on oral health among adults with tetraplegia: a pilot study
One- and two-electron photoejection from H-: A multichannel J-matrix calculation

The multichannel $J$-matrix technique is used to solve the pseudostate close-coupling equations for ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ photodetachment using only ${L}^{2}$ basis functions and standard configuration-interaction techniques. The problem of linear dependence which arises when the same ${L}^{2}$ basis is used to expand both the target and free electrons is discussed and exactly solved using a matrix partitioning. Results for total and partial photodetachment cross sections are given from threshold to 70-eV photon energy (1664 to 18 nm) with emphasis on the single-photon two-electron ejection cross section, and the $^{1}P$ shape resonance just above the hydrogenic $n=2$ threshold.
Patterns of Spinal Sensory-Motor Connectivity Prescribed by a Dorsoventral Positional Template

Sensory-motor circuits in the spinal cord are con-structedwithaﬁnespeciﬁcitythatcoordinatesmotorbehavior, but the mechanisms that direct sensoryconnections with their motor neuron partners remainunclear. The dorsoventral settling position of motorpools in the spinal cord is known to match thedistal-to-proximal position of their muscle targetsin the limb, but the signiﬁcance of invariant motorneuron positioning is unknown. An analysis ofsensory-motor connectivity patterns in FoxP1 mu-tant mice, where motor neuron position has beenscrambled, shows that the ﬁnal pattern of sensory-motor connections is initiated by the projection ofsensory axons to discrete dorsoventral domains ofthe spinal cord without regard for motor neuronsubtype or, indeed, the presence of motor neurons.By implication, the clustering and dorsoventralsettling position of motor neuron pools serve as adeterminant of the pattern of sensory input speci-ﬁcity and thus motor coordination.
The rouge river watershed pollution by trace elements: Atmospheric depositions and emission sources

Atmospheric inputs of trace elements to the Rouge River watershed by particle dry deposition and aerosol scavenging by precipitation were presented along with the annual emission of trace elements to the atmosphere by emission source category. A dynamic physical-based model was used to evaluate the dry and wet deposition flux of particle-segregated trace elements and its temporal and spatial variation in the Rouge River watershed from 1982 to 1992. Annual emissions of trace elements to the atmosphere were estimated assuming a controlled status for all the emission sources which include coal and oil combustion utilities, iron-steel manufacturing plants, metal production from primary and secondary pyrometallurgical processes, cement manufacturing, solid waste and sewage sludge incinerators. In general, there is a good agreement between the trend in the atmospheric input (dry + wet deposition fluxes) to the Rouge River watershed and that in the annual emission of trace elements to the atmosphere with r2 in the range of 0.84 to 0.98. Atmospheric inputs and emissions are following downward trends for Pb, whereas for Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg show a steady increase since 1987/1988. The modeled long-term average of the total (dry + wet) deposition flux of trace elements to the Rouge River watershed is 3167 ± 2548 g km−2 yr−1 for Pb, 397 ± 132 g km−2 yr−1 for Ni, 350 ± 160 g km−2 yr−1 for Cr, 130 ± 39 g km−2 yr−1 for Cd, and 8.6 ± 3.7 g km−2 yr−1 for Hg.