cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predestination: Where Do You Want to Go Today?

Mobile computers have the potential to provide a new array of location-based services to drivers as they travel around. The predestination algorithm predicts a driver's destination based on both general trends, such as the likelihood that people will choose various types of destinations, and personalized data such as a list of previously visited locations. We designed the algorithm to run on a vehicle's navigation system and learn a driver's habits based on logged GPS measurements. Predictions about destination can be an important component of ubiquitous computing, and we hope that such predictions might one day enhance the provision of information and services to people as they move through the world
Rapid microtiter method for cytotoxicity screening.

A simple, rapid, and inexpensive microplate tissue culture method suitable for large-scale cytotoxicity screening is described. The test involves the use of several cell lines, normal human fibroblasts, laryngeal carcinoma, and virus-transformed human cells for the evaluation of the potency of cytotoxicity as well as the selectivity for cancerous tissue of a variety of sesquiterpene lactones, plant products, and synthetic compounds.
Rape Myth Consistency and Gender Differences in Perceiving Rape Victims A Meta-Analysis

An overview discusses feminist analyses of oppression, attitudes toward rape victims, and previously studied predictors of individuals' attitudes toward rape victims. To better understand such attitudes, this meta-analysis examines the moderating influences of various rape victim, perpetrator, and crime characteristics' rape myth consistency on gender differences in individuals' perceptions of rape victims (i.e., victim responsibility and blame attributions and rape minimizing attitudes). Consistent with feminist theoretical predictions, results indicated that, overall, men perceived rape victims more negatively than women did. However, this sex difference was moderated by the rape myth consistency within the rape vignettes. Implications for research are discussed.
Genetic Disruption of Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Causes Helplessness, Behavioral Despair, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder is associated with disturbed circadian rhythms. To investigate the causal relationship between mood disorders and circadian clock disruption, previous studies in animal models have employed light/dark manipulations, global mutations of clock genes, or brain area lesions. However, light can impact mood by noncircadian mechanisms; clock genes have pleiotropic, clock-independent functions; and brain lesions not only disrupt cellular circadian rhythms but also destroy cells and eliminate important neuronal connections, including light reception pathways. Thus, a definitive causal role for functioning circadian clocks in mood regulation has not been established. Methods We stereotactically injected viral vectors encoding short hairpin RNA to knock down expression of the essential clock gene Bmal1 into the brain's master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Results In these SCN-specific Bmal1 -knockdown (SCN- Bmal1 -KD) mice, circadian rhythms were greatly attenuated in the SCN, while the mice were maintained in a standard light/dark cycle, SCN neurons remained intact, and neuronal connections were undisturbed, including photic inputs. In the learned helplessness paradigm, the SCN- Bmal1 -KD mice were slower to escape, even before exposure to inescapable stress. They also spent more time immobile in the tail suspension test and less time in the lighted section of a light/dark box. The SCN- Bmal1 -KD mice also showed greater weight gain, an abnormal circadian pattern of corticosterone, and an attenuated increase of corticosterone in response to stress. Conclusions Disrupting SCN circadian rhythms is sufficient to cause helplessness, behavioral despair, and anxiety-like behavior in mice, establishing SCN- Bmal1 -KD mice as a new animal model of depression.
Effectiveness of Sterilization of Uterine Sound Instrument among Selected Health Centers

Some microorganisms present in an instrument can be a source of bacterial infections due to improper handling that may carry an organism with it. Thus, it can compromise one’s health. The main purpose of this study is to determine the number of aerobic microorganisms found in the uterine sound instruments used in intrauterine device insertion among three selected Barangay Health Centers in Iligan City before and after sterilization. A collection of six samples of the uterine sound instrument in three Health Centers were made, and these samples were cultured and tested for aerobic plate count through pour plate method. All samples yielded different numbers of bacterial colonies before and after sterilization. Both Health Centers 1 and 2 had an aerobic count of <100CFU*/instrument after sterilization in which no colonies was observed. On the other hand, Health Center 3 showed 130CFU/instrument after sterilization from 830CFU/instrument in which aerobic microorganisms were still present. Based on the findings of this study, the sterilization procedures of the three Health Centers were effective since these showed a decreased number of aerobic plate count after sterilization. However, it can be noted that Barangay Health Center 3 still had existing numbers of aerobic microorganisms after sterilization. Based on the findings, it is highly recommended that strict sterilization techniques should be employed on intrauterine device insertion instruments to avoid infection that may impose a threat to patients’ health. Keywords: Aerobic microorganisms, colony-forming unit (CFU), sterilization, intrauterine device insertion, uterine sound instrument
Intentional Defect Incorporation in Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Indium Gallium Arsenide by Oxygen Doping

Intentional defect incorporation in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) InxGai-xAs was achieved by controlled oxygen doping using diethylaluminum ethoxide (DEALO). DEALO doping has led to the incorporation of Al and O, and the compensation of shallow Si donors in InxGai-xAs:Si with 0≤x≤ 0.25. DLTS analysis on a series of InxGa1-xAs:Si:O samples with 0≤x≤ 0.18 showed that oxygen incorporation led to a set of deep levels, similar to those found in DEALO doped GaAs. The characteristic deep levels appear to remain at a relatively constant energy with respect to the valence band.
Influence of malononitrile upon poliomyelitis in mice.

SummaryMalononitrile treatment preserved the life of more than one-half of the mice infected with a low concentration of the Lansing type poliomyelitis virus, but only prolonged the life span of mice infected with large doses of the virus. Mice treated with malononitrile after the onset of the paralysis showed markedly prolonged survival time. In about one-third of the animals partial or total recovery of the paralytic symptoms was observed; the mice, however, died after cessation of the treatment.
Antisocial personality disorder in DSM-5: Missteps and missed opportunities.

This paper evaluates the proposal for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5). Some aspects of the proposal are appealing: personality disorders will be assessed using trait criteria, and these criteria are similar to trait descriptions of DSM-IV ASPD. Other aspects of the proposal are less appealing. First, the DSM-5 will depend on a newly constructed personality trait system rather than relying on a well validated, widely studied one. Second, the trait profile of ASPD is incomplete; although this profile reflects the traits included in DSM-IV, it maps poorly onto the full personality profile of ASPD. Third, the DSM Workgroup missed an opportunity to finally unify ASPD and psychopathy; history and research suggest that these disorders have diverged mistakenly. Fourth, the newly proposed criteria of impairments in self- and interpersonal functioning are of questionable derivation and utility.
Interface Structure Of Iron Oxide Thin Films Grown On Sapphire And Single-Crystal MgO

The ability to tailor thin film interface structure is illustrated by the growth of thin ferric oxide films using different deposition parameters. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been used to grow α-Fe2O3 on sapphire while pulsed-laser ablation (PLA) followed by low temperature oxidation has been used to grow γ-Fe2O3 on MgO. The structure of the films and of the film-substrate interfaces has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area diffraction (SAD) in plan view. The different deposition techniques lead not only to the growth of two different polymorphs of ferric oxide but also to different growth mechanisms and film-substrate interface structures. In addition, changes in the thermodynamic conditions during deposition can give rise to different interface structures between the individual structural domains of the film.
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Individual Silicon Nanowires: Characterization of Diameter-Dependent Carrier Lifetime and Surface Recombination with Pump–Probe Microscopy

Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in silicon nanowires (NWs) grown by a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism were interrogated with optical pump–probe microscopy. The high time and spatial resolutions achieved by the experiments provide insight into the charge carrier dynamics of single nanostructures. Individual NWs were excited by a femtosecond pump pulse focused to a diffraction-limited spot, producing photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes) in a localized region of the structure. Photoexcited carriers undergo both electron–hole recombination and diffusional migration away from the excitation spot on similar time scales. The evolution of the carrier population is monitored by a delayed probe pulse that is also focused to a diffraction-limited spot. When the pump and probe are spatially overlapped, the transient signal reflects both recombination and carrier migration. Diffusional motion is directly observed by spatially separating the pump and probe beams, enabling carriers to be generated in one locatio...
Preserving the Art and Science of Psychotherapy for Advance Practice Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses

Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) Nurses are challenged to maintain the viability of their roles in today's healthcare climate as advances in research and complexity of mental healthcare needs of society continue to unfold. Today's mental health practice environment includes disciplines with marketable credentials. Roles for PMH nurses in recent decades are less clearly defined than for other disciplines, much of this related to changes in educational and practice settings. This article reviews literature on the topic of psychotherapy and a call for a renewed emphasis on this mode of treatment for psychiatric mental health advance practice nurses.
Testability of Grounding Grids Corrosion Diagnosis

To investigate the testability of grounding grids corrosion diagnosis, a novel approach using circuit topology transformation was presented. A grounding grid was divided into a set of circuit-blocks bounded by accessible nodes. A block-network was formed by eliminating all the inaccessible nodes from a circuit-block. An accessible grounding grid was worked out by synthesizing all the block-networks, in which only accessible nodes were included. An intrinsic grounding grid was obtained by simplifying the corresponding accessible grounding grid, in which there was no more than one branch between each two accessible nodes. Branches were classified into two kinds such as clear-branches and uncertain-branches in according to the certainty of their resistances. The classification method and the principle of transforming a uncertain-branch into a clear-branch were described. Based on reciprocity theorem and superposition theorem, the considerations of independent excitation and non-repeated testing were discussed. The number of independent diagnosis equations and the way to obtain independent diagnosis equations were given. An example was given to illustrate the proposed approach in detail. A group of typical corrosions were set and analyzed, the results verifies the correctness of the proposed approach, and the testability of grounding grid corrosion diagnosis can be prior-evaluated and it is of great significance to guide the optimization of testing scheme and scientifically utilize the diagnosis results.
Thermal simulation of gallion nitride power packages

Gallium nitride (GaN) based power semiconductor devices have excellent electrical characteristics and are readily used for both radio frequency and power electronic applications. However, its high localized heat flux coupled with its thermal conductivity lead to degradation of device performance, and more importantly, create potential reliability concerns. This paper reviews different package methods to improve the thermal performance of the GaN devices and compares the thermal performance of single-sided and double-sided cooling package topologies with a uniform or distributed device heat source based on finite element simulation.
[Expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in pentavalent vanadium-induced neuronal apoptosis].

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3,Bcl-2,and Bax in pentavalent vanadium-induced neuronal apoptosis and the neurotoxicity of pentavalent vanadium to in vitro cultured rat neurons.Methods Neurons from rats were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of V2O5.Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL).The expression of caspase-3,Bcl-2,and Bax in neurons was measured by Western blot.The images collected by gel imaging system and scanner were analyzed.Results The TUNEL showed that compared with the control group,the middle-and high-dose exposure groups had significantly increased apoptosis index (AI) of neurons (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The Western blot showed that compared with the control group,the middle-and high-dose exposure groups had significantly increased expression of caspase-3 and Bax and significantly decreased expression of Bcl-2 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The AI of neurons was positively correlated with the expression of caspase-3 and Bax (r=0.943,P＜0.01; r=0.937,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with the expression of Bcl-2 (r=-0.908,P＜0.01).Conclusion Pentavalent vanadium may induce neuronal apoptosis,and the expression of caspase-3,Bcl-2,and Bax,which regulate apoptosis,plays an important role in the neuronal apoptosis induced by pentavalent vanadium. Key words: Pentavalent vanadium; Neuronal apoptosis; Caspase-3; Bcl-2; Bax
Adolescents’ Stigma Attitudes Toward Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders: Cultural Influences and Implications for Distress Manifestations

This study examined predictors of stigma attitudes toward common youth emotional behavioral problems to test the hypothesis that interdependent cultural values would be associated with differential...
Inverted Planar Structure of Perovskite Solar Cells

Recently, another emerging structure, referred to as an “inverted” planar device structure (i.e., p-i-n), uses p-type and n-type materials as bottom and top charge transport layers, respectively. This structure derived from organic solar cells, and the charge transport layers used in organic photovoltaics were successfully transferred into perovskite solar cells. The p-i-n structure of perovskite solar cells have shown efficiencies as high as 18 %, lower temperature processing, flexibility, and furthermore, negligible J-V hysteresis effects. In this chapter, we will provide a comprehensive comparison of the mesoporous and planar structures, and also the regular and inverted of planar structures. Later, we will focus the discussion on the development of the inverted planar structure of perovskite solar cells, including film growth, band alignment, stability, and hysteresis. Future development and possible solutions to the remaining challenges facing the commercialization of perovskite solar cells are discussed.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Eastern U.S. Hydrology: Responses to Global Climate Variability

Coastal ecosystems are dependent on terrestrial freshwater export which is affected by both climate trends and natural climate variability. However, the relative role of these factors is not clear. Here, both climate trends and internal climate variabilities at different time scales are related to variations in terrestrial freshwater export into the eastern United States (U.S.) coastal region. For the recent 35-year period, the intensified hydro-meteorological processes (annual precipitation or evapotranspiration) may explain the observed streamflow variability in the northeast. However, in the southeast, streamflow is positively correlated with climate variability induced by the Pacific Ocean conditions (El Nino-Southern Oscillation [ENSO] and Pacific Decadal Oscillation) rather than Atlantic Ocean conditions (Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation). The centroid location for volume of terrestrial freshwater export integrated along the eastern U.S. has a positive temporal trend and is negatively correlated with ENSO conditions, suggesting the northward trend in freshwater export to U.S. eastern coast may be disturbed by the natural climate variability, especially ENSO conditions, i.e., the center of freshwater mass moves southward (northward) during El Nino (La Nina) years. The results indicate the spatial and temporal variations in freshwater export from the eastern U.S. are affected by both climate change and inter-annual climate variability during the recent 35-year period (1980-2014).
Producing and evaluating crowdsourced computer security attack trees

We describe the recent developments of an open-source project called RATCHET that can be used by groups of users to collectively construct attack trees. We present the RATCHET framework as well as a model for testing and evaluation of the produced attack trees. RATCHET has been tested in classroom settings with positive results and this paper presents the plans for expanding its outreach to the community at large and building attack trees through crowdsourcing. This paper gives an overview of RATCHET and an introduction to its use.
E-cigarette use among US adolescents: Perceptions of relative addiction and harm:

Objective:Between 2013 and 2014, past 30-day use of e-cigarettes increased from 4.5% to 13.4% among US high school students aged 9–19 years. We sought to examine the influence of perceived addictio...
Drug supply networks: a systematic review of the organizational structure of illicit drug trade

This study presents a systematic review of research using social network analysis to document the structure of organized crime groups involved in drug trafficking. Our first objective is to determine whether the balance of evidence supports the argument that organized crime groups are loosely structured. Second, we aim to assess the relative importance of targeting individuals high in social capital (structural position) versus human capital (access to resources) in efforts to disrupt operations. Examining 34 studies, describing 54 illicit drug supply networks, we find five implications for anti-drug policy, and propose seven recommendations to facilitate meta-analysis and improve cross-network comparison.
Of giraffes' necks and the inheritance of chromatin states

New work reports that both derepressed and hyper-repressed chromatin states in animals can be transmitted to progeny for many generations. Transmission depends on genomic architecture and histone modifications.
Bioerosion of a modern bedrock stream bed by insect larvae (Conecuh River, Alabama): Implications for ichnotaxonomy, continental ichnofacies, and biogeomorphology

Abstract Observations along the Conecuh River, southern Alabama, demonstrate the impact that insect larvae can have on bioerosion of freshwater aquatic bedrock substrates. Eocene siliceous claystones and sandstones exposed along the river are locally densely riddled by modern burrows produced by chironomid (midge) and trichopteran (caddisfly) larvae. Chironomid larvae produce diminutive U-shaped burrows (U width = 2–7 mm, U length = 1–4 cm, burrow diameter = 0.5–2.0 mm) generally oriented normal to bedrock surfaces. Trichopteran larvae generally produce somewhat larger (burrow depth = 2–4 cm, burrow diameter = 4–6 mm), vertical, crudely Y-shaped burrows consisting of an upper U-tube, which is extended above the substrate by agglutinated chimneys, and one or two basal subvertical shafts. Both burrow types exhibit faint scratch traces on exposed burrow margins and silk-and-sediment linings that include a thicker constructed wall or septum in interlimb areas of their U-tubes. Distribution of the two structure types is controlled by bedrock texture and induration, tracemaker propensity to occupy transiently available substrates, and other as yet unidentified factors. Chironomid and trichopteran larvae burrows in these firmgrounds resemble the ichnotaxa Arenicolites and Polykladichnus , respectively. However, differences in burrow production in soft versus firm substrates, combined with uncertainties with regard to potential modes of preservation of the modern burrows, make it difficult to establish ichnotaxonomic equivalence and raise broader questions regarding inferred behavior and ichnotaxonomy of U-form burrows in firmgrounds (e.g., Rhizocorallium ). Regardless of ichnotaxonomic assignment, ichnofabrics produced by modern insect larvae in fluvial firmgrounds closely match those diagnostic of the Glossifungites ichnofacies in marine and marginal strata, and thus the scope of this ichnofacies arguably should be expanded to include comparable ichnofossil assemblages preserved in ancient continental deposits. Beyond their implications for palichnology, observations made herein underscore the need to include bedrock stream channels and their biota in integrative biogeomorphologic investigations.
The Association of Maternal Asthma and Early Pregnancy Vitamin D with Risk of Preeclampsia: An Observation From Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART)

Background Maternal asthma, uncontrolled asthma, and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy have been individually linked to increased risk of preeclampsia. Objective To investigate the association of history of physician-diagnosed asthma and uncontrolled asthma status during pregnancy with the risk of preeclampsia and the effects of early pregnancy vitamin D concentrations on this relationship. Methods A total of 816 subjects with available pregnancy outcome data and risk factors of interest were analyzed. A group of experienced obstetricians and gynecologists from 3 study centers validated the preeclampsia diagnoses. Vitamin D was measured using the DiaSorin method at 10 to 18 weeks of gestation. The Pregnancy-Asthma Control Test was used to assess asthma control during pregnancy. Criterion-based stepwise variable selection algorithm was applied to investigate the relationships of risk factors of interest (history of asthma diagnosis, uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy, and vitamin D) to preeclampsia. Results The incidence of preeclampsia was not related to the presence of asthma diagnosis (8.9% with vs 7.4% without). The adjusted odds of preeclampsia controlled for maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations was higher for women with a higher proportion of uncontrolled asthma months per visit during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.15-13.0). Adjusting for asthma control status during pregnancy, an additional decrease in the associated preeclampsia risk by 7% was observed for a 10-unit (ng/mL) increase in early pregnancy 25OHD levels (adjusted odds ratio10-unit, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82) as compared with the previous risk estimate of preeclampsia associated with low maternal 25OHD unadjusted for asthma control status. Conclusions Uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Early pregnancy 25OHD contributes to the association of uncontrolled asthma status with preeclampsia.
Changing Course in Jefferson City: Reevaluating a District Initiative to Convert Under-Enrolled Elementary Schools

This case positions the reader as the superintendent of Jefferson City Public Schools (pseudonym). Like many urban school districts in the United States, Jefferson City faces a complex milieu of fiscal challenges attributed to inadequate state funding and declining student enrollment. Within this case, the superintendent must address the failing implementation of a district-wide initiative, which converted K-5 elementary schools to K-8 combination schools in response to declining middle school enrollment. The case invites the reader to consider how the district might engage in strategic planning to revise or eliminate the initiative. The case is appropriate for use in administrator preparation programs, particularly those preparing district-level administrators.
Immunohistologic analysis of invasive phenotype in breast carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study.

Summary Acetone-fixed, cryostat sections of 81 snap-frozen invasive breast carcinomas were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to Cathepsin D (CD), a protease believed to mediate extracellular matrix dissolution, and Type IV collagen, a constituent of basal lamina (BL). Most cases (48/81, 53 %) exhibited focal, patchy BL distribution (1 +) around tumor cell nests, although subsets with diffuse continuous (2 +) peritumoral sheets (15/81,19 %) or nearcomplete absence (0 +, 23/81, 28 %) were also observed. Elaboration of BL was correlated with favorable morphologic differentiation (0+ BL - 57 % poorly differentiated vs. 2+ BL - 13 % poorly differentiated, p = .01), absence of nodal or systemic metastases (0+ BL - 78 % metastatic vs. 2+ BL - 40 % metastatic, p = .02), and improved disease-free survival (0+ BL - 63 % recurred vs. 2+ BL -s 20 % recurred, p = .05). In addition, neoplastic cells expressed CD more frequently in tumors which lacked detectable BL synthesis (0+ BL - 91 % CD+ vs. 2+ BL - 57% CD+, P = .03). The observed relationships between morphologic growth pattern, BL synthesis and CD expression imply conventional grading in large parts reflects activity or extent of host tissue invasion by a given neoplasm. Widespread but heterogeneous distribution of BL in breast tumors also suggests partial equilibrium between neoplastic and host tissues in most cases.
Physics-based modeling of aortic wall motion from ECG- gated 4D computed tomography

Recent advances in electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated Computed Tomography (CT) technology provide 4D (3D+T) information of aortic wall motion in high spatial and temporal resolution. However, imaging artifacts, e.g. noise, partial volume effect, misregistration and/or motion blurring may preclude its usability in many applications where accuracy and reliability are concerns. Although it is possible to find correspondence through tagged MRI or echo or image registration, it may be either inconsistent to the physics or difficult to utilize data from all frames. In this paper, we propose a physics-based filtering approach to construct a dynamic model from these 4D images. It includes a state filter that corrects simulated displacements from an elastic finite element model to match observed motion from images. In the meantime, the model parameters are refined to improve the model quality by applying a parameter filter based on ensemble Kalman filtering. We evaluated the performance of our method on synthetic data where ground-truths are available. Finally, we successfully applied the method to a real data set.
Strength Specifications and Methods of Test for Structural Grades of Cryogenic Balsa Wood Insulation

Balsa wood is a useful material for cryogenic applications owing to its relatively high structural strength and good thermal insulating properties that increase with decreasing temperatures. Balsa wood insulation has been used in overland transporters of cryogenic liquids,1 in cargo holds of LNG tanker ships,2 and in land-based LNG storage tanks.3 The construction and operation of such cryogenic liquid containers in many instances are subject to international, national, or local governmental regulations or industry codes, intended to insure sound industrial practice and public safety. Such codes or regulations typically include specifications for minimum structural properties of the materials of construction and frequently require mechanical testing of coupon specimens to demonstrate code compliance.
An Early History of Alexander Crum Brown’s Graphical Formulas

Chemical structure and atomism were lively topics for chemists in the 1860s. Yet the central achievement of intercalated theoretical, laboratory, and didactic practices of chemistry in that decade was neither structure theory nor a triumph of atomism. Instead, a project that was crucial to the subsequent success of chemical structure and atomism made a large step in its ongoing development. This was the stabilization and production of chemical knowledge on the page. After 1861 the core of this project came to involve the graphical formulas of Alexander Crum Brown, which became “Frankland’s notation,” which became modern structural notation. This account of the early trajectory of Crum Brown’s graphical formulas focuses on how those formulas became paper tools.
Diabetic hand infections

Compared with the limited experience reported in the literature to date, analysis of the authors' clinical series of hand infections demonstrates that more than one third of the patients are diabetic. This can be attributed to the population of African-Americans in Washington, DC, the high incidence of diabetes in this particular race, and the inherent susceptibility of diabetics to develop an infection of the hand. The most severe infections occur in insulin-dependent diabetic patients or those with chronic renal failure because of protein depletion, poor wound healing, neuropathy, and ischemia. Although a similar spectrum of infections is encountered in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, some characteristic presentations are somewhat unique to the diabetic population. Gram-negative and mixed organism infections are particularly common in diabetic patients. Despite the poor prognosis of diabetic hand infections in general and the unsatisfactory outcome in patients on renal dialysis, most diabetic patients successfully heal following early and appropriate intervention. Early diagnosis and aggressive and adequate surgical drainage and tissue excision or amputation (if indicated) are key principles. The authors have learned that the surgical incision must extend along the entire area of erythema and induration because the infection often is more extensive than suspected both before and during the initial surgery. Observation, local wound care, and the administration of antibiotic agents are not acceptable substitutes for surgical decompression in the diabetic patient with a hand infection. In the subgroup of diabetic patients most prone to develop hand infections (i.e., associated renal dialysis), the surgeon must recognize that ongoing tissue loss is commonplace, repeat wound debridements are required, and an eventual amputation is highly likely.
New Azana species from Western North America (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)

Two new species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Azana malinamoena and Azana frizzelli, spp. nov., are described and figured from California. These species represent the first records of Azana for western North America. A diagnosis of the genus Azana Walker is presented and a provisional key for the New World species of the genus is given. The discovery of A. malinamoena and A. frizzelli in California and their apparently close relationship to A. nigricoxa Strobl from south-western Europe (rather than to the only other Azana species known from North America, A. sinusa Coher) implies a more complicated biogeographic history of this genus in North America, one that probably includes multiple, independent dispersal events.
Prognostic Significance of Extent of Invasion in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs defines poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) as a tumor with conventional criteria of mal...
Analysis on Machine Learning Algorithms and Neural Networks for Demand Forecasting of Anti-Aircraft Missile Spare Parts

Now-a-days demand forecasting is used in many countries for military applications such as spare parts of aircraft and for improving budget efficiency. In supply chain management demand forecasting is a major issue. Currently, time series technique is used to demand forecast but this technique resulted in lack of accuracy and improvement in accuracy is needed. So this paper focused on comparing the features which leads to improvement in the accuracy and propose a system for demand forecasting of spare parts of anti-aircraft missiles, which are based on machine learning and neural networks such that equipment's are properly utilized and alongwith that budget is also maintained. We have compared the existing features with the new features added and applied algorithms and looked upon at the accuracy. Experimental results proves that the new features added gave higher accuracy. Here, we also present an end-to-end boosting system called XGBoost and Multi-layer Perceptron. These new techniques were compared with traditional Machine Learning techniques. This experiment is conducted on the Vietnam War dataset.
ASSOCIATION OF METABOLIC HEALTH AND OBESITY WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PHENOTYPE

Metabolic health state is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, whether metabolic health states differ in coronary artery disease (CAD) phenotype and whether this association is modified by obesity is unknown. We included 4,381 stable chest pain patients, who
Peach Brown Rot

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is one of the most economically harmful fungal diseases for peach and other stone fruit growers worldwide. Under the right conditions, the entire tree’s crop can be completely rotted. Fruit susceptibility fluctuates with the various stages of development; mature fruits are highly susceptible to disease, and fruit infection has the greatest impact on production. This new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department describes the disease cycle, symptoms, and management options available for brown rot in Florida peaches. Written by Ali Sarkhosh, Shirin Shahkoomahally, Logan Marie Richmond-Cosie, and Philip Harmon. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1357
Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

When there is a large skin defect, a skin graft may be indicated to assist with wound healing and coverage. The skin can be harvested as a full thickness or a split thickness, however, a full thickness skin graft will require some sort of coverage of the donor defect. The skin graft survives initially by imbibition, before the neovascularization occurs. The present chapter describes a split thickness skin graft.
My Life with Holocaust Death

This essay traces the author’s initial intellectual and imaginative encounters with Holocaust atrocity, beginning with his visit to Dachau in 1955 long before Nazi camps had become a tourist destination. He describes in detail his response to the landscape of death, the impact of its crematorium and small gas chamber, and his attempts to establish a connection with the history of a site which provided almost no signage and about which he knew virtually nothing. He continues with accounts of his visits to Mauthausen (1963) and Auschwitz (1964), still responding more to the visual impact of the sites rather than to a familiarity with how they operated. The essay continues with the author’s reflections upon attending the war crimes trials of SS General Karl Wolff (Himmler’s adjutant and liaison to Hitler) in Munich and of 20 Auschwitz personnel in Frankfurt in the summer of 1964. This leads to a consideration of the value and the limits of “justice” as a response to the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich, as he watched defense attorneys belittle the testimony of Holocaust survivors while the defendants smiled in the dock and denied everything. This leads to a consideration of how survivors have tried to describe their ordeal outside the legal confine of a courtroom, and to the further realization that conventional moral concepts are insufficient to support their efforts. When one survivor exclaims, “What horror! This death without dying, this prolonged living death,” she introduces an idea that threads through most of the chapters in this volume. The essay concludes with a brief analysis of how Holocaust literature can help to shape a new vocabulary for our understanding of the event.
Power Management of Monolithic 3D Manycore Chips with Inter-tier Process Variations

Voltage/frequency island (VFI)-based power management is a popular methodology for designing energy-efficient manycore architectures without incurring significant performance overhead. However, monolithic 3D (M3D) integration has emerged as an enabling technology to design high-performance and energy-efficient circuits and systems. The smaller dimension of vertical monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs) lowers effective wirelength and allows high integration density. However, sequential fabrication of M3D layers introduces inter-tier process variations that affect the performance of transistors and interconnects in different layers. Therefore, VFI-based power management in M3D manycore systems requires the consideration of inter-tier process variation effects. In this work, we present the design of an imitation learning (IL)-enabled VFI-based power-management strategy that considers the inter-tier process-variation effects in M3D manycore chips. We demonstrate that the IL-based power-management strategy can be fine-tuned based on the M3D characteristics. Our policy generates suitable V/F levels based on the computation and communication characteristics of the system for both process-oblivious and process-aware configurations. We show that the proposed process-variation-aware IL-based VFI implementation for M3D manycore chips lowers the overall energy-delay-product (EDP) by up to 16.2% on average compared to an ideal M3D system with no M3D process variations.
Identification of MFRP and the secreted serine proteases PRSS56 and ADAMTS19 as part of a molecular network involved in ocular growth regulation

Precise regulation of ocular size is a critical determinant of normal visual acuity. Although it is generally accepted that ocular growth relies on a cascade of signaling events transmitted from the retina to the sclera, the factors and mechanism(s) involved are poorly understood. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the retinal secreted serine protease PRSS56 and transmembrane glycoprotein MFRP, a factor predominantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), in ocular size determination. Mutations in PRSS56 and MFRP constitute a major cause of nanophthalmos, a condition characterized by severe reduction in ocular axial length/extreme hyperopia. Interestingly, common variants of these genes have been implicated in myopia, a condition associated with ocular elongation. Consistent with these findings, mice with loss of function mutation in PRSS56 or MFRP exhibit a reduction in ocular axial length. However, the molecular network and cellular processes involved in PRSS56- and MFRP-mediated ocular axial growth remain elusive. Here, we show that Adamts19 expression is significantly upregulated in the retina of mice lacking either Prss56 or Mfrp. Importantly, using genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that while ADAMTS19 is not required for ocular growth during normal development, its inactivation exacerbates ocular axial length reduction in Prss56 and Mfrp mutant mice. These results suggest that the upregulation of retinal Adamts19 is part of an adaptive molecular response to counteract impaired ocular growth. Using a complementary genetic approach, we show that loss of PRSS56 or MFRP function prevents excessive ocular axial growth in a mouse model of early-onset myopia caused by a null mutation in Irbp, thus, demonstrating that PRSS56 and MFRP are also required for pathological ocular elongation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the molecular network involved in ocular axial growth and support a role for molecular crosstalk between the retina and RPE involved in refractive development.
Analog Synaptic Behaviors in Carbon-Based Self-Selective RRAM for In-Memory Supervised Learning

New computational paradigms are required to overcome the von-Neumann bottleneck by reducing main memory access. Neuromorphic and in-memory computing has brought on much promise for improving efficiency in a subset of tasks, and emerging memory technologies are inextricably tied to localized memory accesses. However, the sneak path current (SPC) through unselected neighboring cells is a major challenge occurring in high density storage application in the crossbar array configuration. In this work, carbon-based self-selective memory is shown to overcome the SPC problem and additionally is demonstrated to be a potential candidate as a nanodevice for resource-constrained in-memory supervised learning, by taking advantage of its analog synaptic behaviors. Device variation and non-idealities are characterized in the context of neural network regularization, in fulfilling the aim to reduce the ever-increasing power demands of modern computing.
Temporal and Spatial Order in the Central Plains

The major archeological complexes of the Central Plains can be arranged according to the Willey and Phillips system, thus recognizing not only content but time and space diemnsions. For /approximately^ thirty years the Central Plains village sites have been discussed in terms of the Mid western Taxonomic System (MTS). The primary cultural units have been the Nebraska, Upper Republican, St. Hel ena, and Lower Loup complexes. More recently, two additional complexes have been incorporated, the Smoky Hill Aspect in Kansas (Wedel, 1959) and the Redbird Focus in Nebraska (Wood, 1965). The historical usage of the MTS in the Cen tral plains has been lucidly outlined by Champe (I960) and need not be repeated here. The only major revision of the system in the past thirty years has been to reduce the Nebraska and Upper Repub licanaspects tofociandto subsume them under the "Aksarben Aspect" (ibid. ). This move was necessary in the writer's opinion, to achieve a more realistic ordering of the archeological complexes in terms of the MTS. In the Central Plains, the various foci and aspects have often been treated as if they had tem poral and spatial limits, attributes not a part of the MTS as defined by McKern. However, these qualities are essential in order to understand the developments of the several archeological complexes involved. It is the purpose of this paper to suggest a scheme which will recognize and make explicit use of the temporal and spatial elements. Similar, but more exaggerated, misuse of the MTS has been noted for the Middle Missouri area, and recentiya solution has been suggested by Lehmer and Caldwell (1966) who applied a lightly modified version of the Willey and Phillips scheme of culture-historical integration to the village complexes in North and SouthDakota. The Willey and Phillips system can also be utilized for the Central Plains village complexes. In fact, there have been two prior attempts, although somewhat limited in both content and scope, to use the Willey and Phillips scheme in the Central Plains (Anderson, 1961; Deetz, 1965). Ander son's efforts were limited to the estab lishment of a local sequence in the Glen wood Locality, and Deetz's efforts were restricted to a summary of Central Plains and Middle Missouri prehistory. Adoption of the Willey and Phillips system in the Central Plains is not necessarily a "final solution" to the problems of Central Plains prehistory; but rather a guide to a more meaningful order and a means of relating the various archeological units to one another. The spatial categories set out by Willey and Phillips, (the area, sub-area,
Optimization Scheme on Execution of Logic Program in a Dataflow Environment

We have developed a technique that maps logic programs (database queries) onto a dataflow graph to support static scheduling in a multiprocessor environment [8]. A dataflow graph explicitly shows the execution paths, data dependence, and synchronization points in a query. The scheme attempts to properly group fine grain operations — select and join — into coarser grains as a means to exploit parallelism while minimizing the communication costs. This leads to a higher hardware utilization and performance.
The Platonic model: statement, clarification and defense

I defend Gary Watson's Platonic Model of free agency against two arguments by counterexample, one by J. David Velleman and the other by Michael Bratman. I claim that these arguments are unconvincing for three reasons. First, they do not accurately target the Platonic Model. Second, they do not convincingly present cases of self-governed action. Third, they call attention to issues about theoretical commitments that are not fit to be settled by appeal to cases. On the basis of this discussion, I draw some general lessons for the debate about which theory of self-governance is the best.
“Saving Masculinity:” Gender Reaffirmation, Sexuality, Race, and Parental Responses to Male Child Sexual Abuse

Using parental responses to male child sexual abuse (CSA) as an example of trauma, I demonstrate how sociologists can use trauma to understand social processes and develop theory. Specifically, I extend the theoretical concept of gender reaffirmation by shifting the focus from how individuals attempt to reaffirm gender for themselves in these "critical situations" to show how they attempt to reaffirm gender for others after trauma. I interviewed 62 parents on 389 occasions between 2002 and 2007. I use this data to analyze how gender, sexuality, and race intersect over time and shape interpretations of trauma. I argue that the sexual abuse of boys can stir homophobia and, for the black and Puerto Rican participants, heighten anxiety over racial subordination that increases their investment in traditional gender reaffirmation. Last, I discuss the implications of my findings for social science research more generally, and the specific case of male child sexual abuse.