cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aurora Kinase Inhibitors - Rising Stars in Cancer Therapeutics?

Standard therapeutic approaches of cytotoxics and radiation in cancer are not only highly toxic, but also of limited efficacy in treatment of a significant number of cancer patients. The molecular analysis of the cancer genomes have shown a remarkable complexity and pointed to key genomic and epigenomic alterations in cancer. These discoveries are paving the way for targeted therapy approaches. However, although there are a large number of potential targets, only a few can regulate key cellular functions and intersect multiple signaling networks. The Aurora kinase family members (A, B, and C) are a collection of highly related and conserved serine-threonine kinases that fulfill these criteria, being key regulators of mitosis and multiple signaling pathways. Alterations in Aurora kinase signaling are associated with mitotic errors and have been closely linked to chromosomal aneuploidy in cancer cells. Several studies have shown amplification and/or overexpression of Aurora kinase A and B in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Over the past several years, Aurora kinases have become attractive targets. Several ongoing clinical trials and bench-based research are assessing the unique therapeutic potential of Aurora-based targeted therapy.
Experimental Characterization of Nonlinear Dynamics Underlying the Cylindrical Grinding Process

This paper presents our characterization of dynamics underlying the cylindrical grinding of shafts using accelerometer signals gathered from a set of designed experiments. The results of our characterizations show that the dynamics, under steady state, evolves into a finite-dimensional, perhaps chaotic, attractor contaminated by noise, with fractal dimension values hovering between 3.1 and 3.8. The major implication of this finding is in the development of tractable models to control this industrially important shaft grinding process.
DNA Replicons for Plant Genome Engineering

Sequence-specific nucleases enable facile editing of higher eukaryotic genomic DNA; however, targeted modification of plant genomes remains challenging due to ineffective methods for delivering reagents for genome engineering to plant cells. Here, we use geminivirus-based replicons for transient expression of sequence-specific nucleases (zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat/Cas system) and delivery of DNA repair templates. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), replicons based on the bean yellow dwarf virus enhanced gene targeting frequencies one to two orders of magnitude over conventional Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. In addition to the nuclease-mediated DNA double-strand breaks, gene targeting was promoted by replication of the repair template and pleiotropic activity of the geminivirus replication initiator proteins. We demonstrate the feasibility of using geminivirus replicons to generate plants with a desired DNA sequence modification. By adopting a general plant transformation method, plantlets with a desired DNA change were regenerated in <6 weeks. These results, in addition to the large host range of geminiviruses, advocate the use of replicons for plant genome engineering.
Loss of motor function in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

Accumulating evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long preclinical phase, during which time its characteristic pathology accumulates and patient function declines, but symptoms are insufficient to warrant a clinical diagnosis of dementia. There have been increasing reports of noncognitive symptoms, including loss of motor function, reported to be associated with incident AD. To understand the link between motor function and preclinical AD, this article examines: our understanding of motor function and its clinical assessment in cohort studies; the relationship of motor function and loss of cognition in older persons; risk factors for cognitive and motor decline; and the relation of post-mortem indices of AD and motor function prior to death. Together, these data suggest that age-related cognitive and motor decline may share a common causation. Furthermore, individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD may represent the 'tip of the iceberg', since AD pathology may also account for a substantial proportion of cognitive and motor dysfunction currently considered 'normal aging' in older persons without dementia. Thus, AD may have a much larger impact on the health and wellbeing of our aging population.
Laplace‐domain, high‐order homogenization for transient dynamic response of viscoelastic composites

Summary This paper presents a high-order homogenization model for wave propagation in viscoelastic composite structures. Asymptotic expansions with multiple spatial scales are employed to formulate the homogenization model. The proposed multiscale model operates in the Laplace domain allowing the representation of linear viscoelastic constitutive relationship using a proportionality law. The high-order terms in the asymptotic expansion of response fields are included to reproduce micro-heterogeneity-induced wave dispersion and formation of bandgaps. The first and second-order influence functions and the macroscopic deformation are evaluated using the finite element method with complex coefficients in the Laplace domain. The performance of the proposed model is assessed by investigating wave propagation characteristics in layered and particulate composites and verified against direct numerical simulations and analytical solutions. The analysis of dissipated energy revealed that material dispersion may contribute significantly to wave attenuation in dissipative composite materials. The wave dispersion characteristics are shown to be sensitive to microstructure morphology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hermeneutics: Philosophical Traditions and Nursing Practice Research

This analysis begins with the premise that nursing practice research has often ignored or suppressed the fact that nurses participate in and benefit from the same American illness care nonsystem that leaves 40 million citizens without health care. This collective denial has its historical roots in philosophic foundationalism, health care authoritarianism, and nursing's disciplinary isolation. Philosophical hermeneutics offers perspectives that emphasize the inescapability of nursing's history. This article traces some of the main themes in philosophical hermeneutics and their potential significance for nursing practice research. The relationship between hermeneutic philosophy and research methods employed in interpretive traditions (for example, grounded theory) and the role of experimental design in addressing hermeneutic questions are discussed.
Parodontitis apicalis enmASA-score III-IV

Een tandarts schrijft mij: Ik heb vanochtend een mevrouw van 37 jaar gezien waarbij ik vanwege een pijnklacht een endodontische behandeling moet starten. Zij heeft een hartoperatie ondergaan en heeft na veel complicaties nu twee mechanische hartkleppen. Zij is onder controle van een cardioloog. Voor een SLE bezoekt zij de reumatoloog. Zij zegt allergisch te zijn voor alle antibiotica die ik opnoem, waaronder amoxicilline en mogelijk clindamycine. Daarnaast loopt ze bij een infectioloog. Tenslotte wordt ze door een internist en huisarts behandeld voor een hyperthyreoidie. Haar klachten zijn kortademigheid bij plat op bed liggen en bij inspanning, naast gewrichtsklachten. Voor dit alles heeft zij de volgende medicijnen: fenprocoumon, strumazol (schildklier), plaquenil (reuma), prednison, bumetanide (plaspil) en omeprazol. De streefwaarde voor de INR ligt tussen de 3-4. Patient meet zelf haar INR en haar laatstbekende waarde is 3,3. Van de cardioloog mag: ultracaine en clindamycine als profylaxe. Over het aanpassen van de INR zegt hij niets. Hij wil liever geen paracetamol/codeine als pijnstiller, maar zegt niet waarom en adviseert Tramadol. De trombosedienst meldt dat ik bij de huidige INR (3,3) geen endodontische behandeling moet doen en dat ik met Vitamine K tot een lagere waarde moet komen. Ik heb echter geen idee welke waarde mevrouw wel mag hebben. Volgens de huisarts is claritromycine veilig en heeft ze daarvoor een recept in het geval van een infectie (kuur van 7dg 2x500mg). De huisarts verwijst mij naar de behandelend internist. Daar word ik verwezen naar de infectioloog. De infectioloog geeft aan dat hij de patient 2 jaar geleden voor het laatst heeft gezien en juridisch gezien geen uitspraken durft te doen. Als ik aangeef dat mevrouw van hem claritromycine voorgeschreven heeft gekregen, zegt hij dat hij niet weet waarom en ook niet of ze allergisch is voor clindamycine. Hier wordt ik niet wijzer van. Ik wil graag weten:
A novel dual-stator flux switching permanent magnet machine with six stator slots and four rotor poles configuration

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel dual-stator six stator slots four rotor poles flux switching permanent magnet machine that is viable for operation. The conventional six slots four poles topology suffers from asymmetrical flux linkage and severely unbalanced back-EMF, which makes it unfeasible. The proposed dual-stator structure utilizes windings in the second stator to produce a corresponding flux linkage that cancels the even order harmonic components in the first stator winding. The resulting flux linkage, back-EMF have no even order harmonics and are almost sinusoidal waveforms. The performance of the proposed machine is validated by analytical and finite element analysis.
Protein requirements of sheep in late pregnancy: partitioning of nitrogen between gravid uterus and maternal tissues.

The objective of this study was to quantify effects of maternal protein nutrition on N accretion or loss in conceptus and maternal tissues of ewes during late pregnancy. Ewes, pregnant with twins, were fed low (LP, 79 g CP/kg DM), medium (MP, 116 g CP/kg DM), or high (HP, 157 g CP/kg DM) protein diets, each with an estimated ME concentration of 2.7 Mcal/kg DM, between d 111 and 140 of pregnancy; all ewes had been fed the same diet (2.7 Mcal ME, 120 g CP/kg DM) for the previous 30 d (d 80 to 110). Dry matter intakes were varied (LP = 1.0, MP = 1.2, and HP = 1.4 kg/d) according to predicted energy costs of protein deposition for each diet. Nitrogen accretion was estimated by comparative slaughter (d 140 minus d 110) and by collection of excreta between d 120 and 130. Fresh weights of maternal and gravid uterine tissues were measured at slaughter, before proximate analysis of these components. Whole-body N retention was directly and linearly related to N intake, but efficiency of deposition of apparently absorbed N decreased linearly with increasing N intake (LP, .79; MP, .70; HP, .62). Nitrogen accretion in the gravid uterus, maternal viscera, and mammary gland was significantly less in LP than in MP or HP ewes. Nitrogen balance in maternal carcass tissues was linearly related to N intake, ranging from a negative value in LP ewes to a positive value in HP ewes (LP, -63 g; MP -39 g; HP, 55 g). These data provide the basis for estimating N requirements for protein accretion in the conceptus and in maternal tissues during late pregnancy. They also highlight the capacity of maternal carcass tissues to mobilize or deposit amino acids in response to variations in dietary protein supply.
Abstract 4690: Novel Ring1B-Bmi1 small molecule inhibitors target leukemia stem cells

Leukemia is a clonal neoplastic disorder which possesses a rare population of cells, termed leukemia stem cells (LSCs), capable of limitless self-renewal and are necessary to initiate, sustain or regenerate the disease. Targeting LSCs self-renewal not only would offer substantial therapeutic benefit but also likely to be essential and sufficient for selective eradication of LSCs. BMI1, polycomb group protein, has been identified and shown to be required for self-renewal of LSCs. Bmi1 alongwith Ring1B constitute enzymatic active unit of Poly-comb Repressive Complex 1(PRC1) and execute gene silencing through histone H2A lysine119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub). Considering Bmi1 as a key regulator of self-renewal, targeting Bmi1 activity could impair LSCs self-renewal ability and may represent a new therapeutic approach for leukemia. Thus, in this study we aimed to develop and characterize novel small molecule inhibitors for Ring1B - Bmi1. Using NMR fragment-based screening and extensive medicinal chemistry optimization we developed WY332 that binds to Ring1B-Bmi1 with low micromolar affinity. Further characterization of the WY332 demonstrated selective reduction in Ring1B-Bmi1 mediated H2AK119ub levels in in vitro and in leukemic cells. Contrary, structurally similar and less potent compound displayed similar effect at much higher concentrations establishes that higher binding affinity of potent inhibitor is associated with blocking Ring1B-Bmi1 E3 ligase activity. Further evaluation of lead inhibitor, WY332, in colony formation assay using leukemic cells demonstrated significant decrease in the number and size of the colonies indicated that interference with Ring1B- Bmi1 activity alter the frequency of LSCs colony forming potential. Moreover, expression analysis of CD11b and CD34, cell surface markers associated with myeloid differentiation and AML LSCs phenotype, in WY332 treated TEX cells revealed marked increase in CD11b expression and significantly decreased CD34 expression establishes the specific effect of our Ring1B-Bmi1 small molecule inhibitors on induction of differentiation in leukemic cells. Interestingly, gene expression analysis of TEX cells treated with WY332 revealed significant increase in expression of genes suppressed in LSCs. Overall, these compounds represent the novel small molecule inhibitors of Ring1B-Bmi1 which inhibit E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and impair leukemic stem cell self-renewal capacity. Citation Format: Shirish Shukla, Felicia Gray, Weijang Ying, Hyoje Cho, Qingjie Zhao, Hongzhi Miao, Trupta Purohit, Jolanta Grembecka, Tomasz Cierpicki. Novel Ring1B-Bmi1 small molecule inhibitors target leukemia stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4690.
The Reciprocity of Human Organism and Circumstance

The goal of this essay is to think through the characteristics of human action and experience with the aim of repositioning them, rather than resolving all difficulties. I have not set forth to demonstrate the superiority of an ecological approach over past views, but simply to show how it can illuminate these areas of human life.
Relation of Circuit Training to Swimming

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between circuit training and the improvement of endurance, speed, weight, and strength of swimmers during a six-week training period. Two groups of 12 college men were equated on the basis of distance swum in a 15-minute endurance test using the front crawl only. Both groups were also tested for swimming speed over 33 1/3 yd., height, weight, and ability to perform dips, chins, vertical jump, and push-ups. The experimental group combined circuit training and swimming in the program, but the control group had swimming only. It was found in the re-test at the end of six weeks, that the experimental group had made significant gains in swimming endurance and speed, weight, and ability to perform chins and push-ups. The control group made significant gains in swimming endurance and weight. It was also noted that the control group had a marked tendency to lose strength as measured by ability to perform chins, vertical jump, and push-up...
Measurement of Humidity in the Free Atmosphere Near the Surface of the Earth

This paper is a survey of the state of the art in hygrometry as applied to humidity measurement in gases near atmospheric pressure. Hygrometric methods, techniques and instruments are divided arbitrarily into the following six classes involving methods dependent on: 1) the total removal of water vapor from a moist gas; 2) the addition of water vapor to produce a saturated gas; 3) the reversible sorption of water vapor by a sensor; 4) the measurement of a physical property of a gas; 5) attaining the liquid-vapor or the solid-vapor equilibrium state of the water substance; and 6) chemical reactions and procedures. The methods of each class are further subdivided by principles of operation and are examined to assess such characteristics as range, accuracy, sensitivity, speed of response, effect of environmental conditions, and limitations in behavior and utility.
Family history of venous thromboembolism predicts the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department.

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical decision rules do not consider a patient's family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We evaluated whether a family history of VTE predicts acute PE in the emergency department (ED). Methods Over a 5.5-year study period, we enrolled a prospective convenience sample of patients presenting to an academic emergency department with chest pain and/or shortness of breath. We defined a family history of VTE as a first-degree relative with previous PE or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We noted outcomes of testing during the patient's ED stay, including the diagnosis of acute PE by either computed tomography (CT) or ventilation/perfusion (VQ) scan. Results Of the 3024 study patients, 19.4% reported a family history of VTE and 1.9% were diagnosed with an acute PE during the ED visit. Patients with a family history of VTE were more likely to be diagnosed with a PE: 3.2% vs. 1.6% (p = 0.009). 82.3% of patients were Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) positive, and among PERC-positive patients, those with a family history of VTE were more likely to be diagnosed with a PE: 3.6% vs. 1.9% (p = 0.016). Of patients who underwent testing for PE (33.7%), patients with a family history of VTE were more likely to be diagnosed with a PE: 9.4% vs. 4.9% (p = 0.032). Conclusion Patients with a self-reported family history of VTE in a first-degree relative are more likely to be diagnosed with an acute PE in the ED, even among those patients considered to have a higher likelihood of PE.
Consumer Climate Change

If desires steer people, shape products, and define the zeitgeist, then why aren't designers taking them more seriously? An exploration of the thermostat, the temperature of 2017, and a methodology that can make us better.
Effects of heterospecific pollen from a wind‐pollinated and pesticide‐treated plant on reproductive success of an insect‐pollinated species

Premise of the study Studies on the effects of heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer have been focused mainly on insect-pollinated species, despite evidence of insect visitation to wind-pollinated species and transfer of their pollen onto stigmas of insect-pollinated plants. Thus, the potential consequences of HP transfer from wind-pollinated species remain largely unknown. Furthermore, accumulation of pesticide residues in pollen of wind-pollinated crops has been documented, but its potential effects on wild plant species via HP transfer have not been tested. Methods We evaluated the effect of wind-dispersed Zea mays pollen on pollen tube growth of the insect-pollinated Mimulus nudatus via hand pollinations. We further evaluated whether pesticide-contaminated Z. mays pollen has larger effects on M. nudatus pollen success than non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. Key results We found a significant negative effect of Z. mays pollen on M. nudatus pollen tube growth even when deposited in small amounts. However, we did not observe any difference in the magnitude of this effect between pesticide-laden Z. mays pollen and non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. Conclusions Our results suggest that wind-pollinated species can have negative effects as HP donors on insect-pollinated recipients. Thus, their role in shaping co-flowering interactions for wind- and insect-pollinated species deserves more attention. Although we did not find evidence that pesticide contamination increased HP effects, we cannot fully rule out the existence of such an effect, because pollen load and thus the pesticide dose applied to stigmas was low. This result should be confirmed using other HP donors and across a range of HP loads, pesticide types, and concentrations.
Heart and Arterial Aging

Aging is the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and is linked to the age-associated changes to the structure and function of the heart and arteries. Age-associated changes occur in everyone but not necessarily at the same rate or to the same extent, and this may account for the difference noted in the development of cardiovascular disease between individuals of the same chronological age. Age-associated changes in cardiovascular physiology must be differentiated from the effects of pathology, such as coronary artery disease, which occur with increasing frequency as age increases to gain an understanding of normative aging. Prominent age-associated changes in the cardiovascular system include arterial remodeling, an increase in arterial stiffness, and an impaired endothelial vasoreactivity. This results in an increased afterload (including an increase in aortic and brachial pressures) on the left ventricle resulting in left ventricular wall thickening, and prolonged relaxation of the left ventricle in diastole. During stress there is also a decreased responsiveness to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in the context of increased circulating catecholamines. These changes not only ultimately impair the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond to times of stress (exercise, illness, and mental stress) in older individuals, but also set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Those individuals who maintain an physically active lifestyle, or who partake in exercise training later in life, however, can either ameliorate or delay some, but not all, of the cardiovascular alterations that accompany advancing age.
Talin1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis via AKT Signaling and Anoikis Resistance

ABSTRACT Talin1 is an integrin regulatory protein that mediates integrin interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the significance of talin1 in prostate cancer progression to metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Talin1 overexpression enhanced prostate cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion by activating survival signals and anoikis resistance. ShRNA-mediated talin1 loss led to a significant suppression of prostate cancer cell migration and transendothelial invasion in vitro and a significant inhibition of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo. Talin1 regulates cell survival signals via phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT. Targeting AKT activation led to a significant reduction of talin1-mediated prostate cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, talin1 expression was determined by immunostaining in prostate tissue from the TRAMP mouse model and in human prostate cancer specimens. Talin1 levels directly correlated with prostate tumor progression to metastasis in TRAMP mice. Talin1 profiling in human prostate specimens revealed a significantly higher expression of cytoplasmic talin1 in metastatic tissue compared to primary prostate tumors and benign prostate tissue (P<0.0001). This evidence suggests a potential value for talin1 as a marker of prostate cancer metastasis and implies that disrupting talin1 mediated signaling may have therapeutic significance in the treatment of metastatic disease.
Memory from a Cognitive-Developmental Perspective

Jean Piaget’s early work was largely concerned with the identification and explanation of qualitative changes in the developing child’s intellectual structure. Subsequent Genevan work has been concerned with clarifying the ways in which this general intellectual structure interacts with other cognitive processes such as perception (Piaget, 1969) and imagery (Piaget and Inhelder, 1971). More recently, Piaget and Inhelder (1973) have examined the relation between intelligence and memory, and it is this work that is reviewed in the present chapter.
Phylogeny, Adaptations, and Dispersal of the Tarsiiform Primates

The populations of the southeast Asian Tarsius are the only living representatives of a group of primates that once flourished in dazzling variety and abundance. The heyday of these small primates, as far as we know, was the Eocene. They were clearly differentiated from a lemuriform ancestry somewhere in the Paleocene and survived into the Miocene. Unlike their contemporaries, the lumuriform adapids which produced species as large as Leptadapis magnus, or the several species of Pelycodus or Notharctus, no known tarsiiform is larger than a South American capuchin or uakari (Fig. 1). What the known tarsiiforms lacked in size, however, they apparently made up in the diversity of their known structural adaptations. This is particularly true of the dentition, hitherto their best known aspect. As inferred from the dental differences, their feeding regimes were probably highly diversified, and, one may suspect, this was also true of the locomotor habits of the various species, although, admittedly, the postcranial morphology is not very well known.
Morphophysiological Responses, Heavy Metal Accumulation and Phytoremoval Ability in Four Willow Clones Exposed to Cadmium Under Hydroponics

Water pollution by heavy metals has become a serious concern in the developing world; thus, the reclamation of this natural resource represents a major environmental challenge. In this context, the development of sustainable technologies such as the phytoremediation is considered a promising opportunity. Salix spp., forest species of the riparian ecosystem, have been suggested as prospective candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. In this study four Salix alba L. clones were treated under hydroponics with 50 μM cadmium sulphate, and the growth responses, photosynthetic performance and metal accumulation in different organs were evaluated in order to assess the Cd tolerance and phytoremoval ability. Significant differences among clones were observed. In particular, a notable capability to extract Cd from the metal-spiked solution and accumulate it in roots and to a lesser extent in above-ground organs was highlighted in clone SS5. Moreover, analysis of morphophysiological traits (biomass production and photosynthetic performance) revealed that this clone was more tolerant to Cd than the other clones. The suitability of the willow clones as a biological tool for the reclamation of Cd-contaminated water is discussed, taking into account the notable Cd phytoremoval ability shown by the S. alba clone SS5.
A SPICE Model for GaN-Gate Injection Transistor (GIT) at Room Temperature

In this paper, an equivalent circuit model is developed for a commercial Gallium Nitride (GaN) gate injection transistor (GIT) device at room temperature. The I-V and C-V characteristics are extrac...
Functional Neurological Disorder Responds Favorably to Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Models

Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is difficult to treat and costly. Interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation programs (iCPRPs) are multidimensional functional restoration interventions for pain; their impact on FND specifically has not been assessed. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess iCPRP's impact on functioning in FND. Methods Data were examined retrospectively from an Institutional Review Board-approved registry capturing admission and discharge data from patients participating in an outpatient iCPRP. Subjective measures included pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, and stress scores, whereas objective measures included physical functioning measures (timed up and go, stair climbing test, and 6-min walk test). Pre-iCPRP and post-iCPRP measures were compared using a paired t-test approach. Results Forty-nine FND patients completed care and showed pre-measures and postmeasures. Statistically significant reductions in subjective measures of pain-related disability (46.40–20.91; P Conclusions While preliminary and based on a small patient sample, these findings support the use of interdisciplinary care models for FND treatment. Clinical and investigational implications are explored.
A Review into Effective Classroom Management and Strategies for Student Engagement: Teacher and Student Roles in Today’s Classrooms

A teacher’s role encompasses far more than just imparting curricula outcomes to their students: they need to equip students with the necessary tools to experience social and academic success both inside the classroom and beyond it. Teachers need to empower students with the means to critically analyse the world around them in order to develop into critical independent thinkers. Students need to be proficient in utilising skills associated with higher levels of thinking, that will empower them with the ability to identify, analyse and evaluate the infinite volume of information available through our rapidly changing digital world. Just as teachers need to take responsibility for the various methods of teaching and instruction in the classroom, it is essential for students to take ownership of the learning process, to ensure future success in university environments, where sustained personal effort and metacognitive skills are fundamental to academic success. The object of the review of the literature surrounding the roles of teacher and student, effective classroom management strategies, and successful evidence-based teaching and learning pedagogies, is to assist new and experienced teachers in the promotion of a positive classroom experience for all.
Requirements Modeling Language and Automated Testing for CubeSats

Developing cyber-physical systems such as CubeSats requires dynamic engagements of stakeholders, developers, tester, analysts, and project managers. With their different backgrounds, the technicality of analyzing functional and nonfunctional requirements may lead to miscommunication between groups. Thus, applying requirements modeling language (RML) into an engineering system development project will enhance the quality of requirements as well as ease the analysis and elicitation processes. In this paper, the importance of implementing RML into a project lifecycle of an engineering system (such as a CubeSat system) is described. A case study of using requirements mapping matrix (RMM) for requirements validation and verification of a typical CubeSat system is provided. This paper concludes with a summary of results and a discussion of future work.
Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.58). Among 6-10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (-2.4 h, 95% CI: -4.4--0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.
Curvilinear Relations Between Preschool-Aged Children’s Effortful Control and Socioemotional Problems: Racial-Ethnic Differences in Functional Form

The majority of studies of preschool-aged children's self-regulation presume that their higher levels of self-regulation are concurrently and prospectively associated with fewer externalizing and internalizing problems. This assumes their relations are only linear in form and negative, but studies with community samples of mostly non-Hispanic White children have found curvilinear or positive relations between self-regulation and socioemotional problems in early childhood. This cross-sectional study tests linear and quadratic relations between children's behavioral battery assessed effortful control and parent rated externalizing and internalizing problems, and whether their functional forms differ across racial-ethnic groups in a diverse sample of 2.5- to 3.5-years-olds (N = 72) from highly educated two-parent households. Child effortful control was negatively related to externalizing, quadratically related to internalizing (albeit marginally), and an interaction between effortful control and race-ethnicity indicated opposite linear relations between effortful control and internalizing problems for different racial-ethnic groups. By integrating tests of curvilinearity and interactions, this study builds on theoretical and empirical work indicating complex relations between the development of self-regulation and psychopathology.
Treatment Resistant Depression Revisited: A Glimmer of Hope?

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. It causes individual suffering, loss of productivity, increased health care costs and high suicide risk. Current pharmacologic interventions fail to produce at least partial response to approximately one third of these patients, and remission is obtained in approximately 30% of patients. This is known as Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). The burden of TRD exponentially increases the longer it persists, with a higher risk of impaired functional and social functioning, vast losses in quality of life and significant risk of somatic morbidity and suicidality. Different approaches have been suggested and utilized, but the results have not been encouraging. In this review article, we present new approaches to identify and correct potential causes of TRD, thereby reducing its prevalence and with it the overall burden of this disease entity. We will address potential contributory factors to TRD, most of which can be investigated in many laboratories as routine tests. We discuss endocrinological aberrations, notably, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and thyroid and gonadal dysfunction. We address the role of Vitamin D in contributing to depression. Pharmacogenomic testing is being increasingly used to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450, Serotonin Transporter, COMT, folic acid conversion (MTHFR). As the role of immune system dysregulation is being recognized as potentially a major contributory factor to TRD, the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and select immune biomarkers, where testing is available, can guide combination treatments with anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., selective COX-2 inhibitors) reversing treatment resistance. We focus on established and emerging test procedures, potential biomarkers and non-biologic assessments and interventions to apply personalized medicine to effectively manage treatment resistance in general and TRD specifically.
Tail Control Enhances Gliding in Arboreal Lizards: An Integrative Study Using a 3D Geometric Model and Numerical Simulation.

The ability to glide through an arboreal habitat has been acquired by several mammals, amphibians, snakes, lizards, and even invertebrates. Lizards of the genus Draco possess specialized morphological structures for gliding, including a patagium, throat lappets, and modified hindlimbs. Despite being among the most specialized reptilian gliders, it is currently unknown how Draco are able to maneuver effectively during flight. Here, we present a new computational method for characterizing the role of tail control on Draco glide distance and stability. We first modeled Draco flight dynamics as a function of gravitational, lift, and drag forces. Lift and drag estimates were derived from wind tunnel experiments of 3 D printed models based on photos of Draco during gliding. Initial modeling leveraged the known mass and planar surface area of the Draco to estimate lift and drag coefficients. We developed a simplified, three-dimensional simulation for Draco gliding, calculating longitudinal and lateral position and pitch angle of the lizard with respect to a cartesian coordinate frame. We used PID control to model the lizards' tail adjustment to maintain an angle of attack. Our model suggests an active tail improves both glide distance and stability in Draco. These results provide insight towards the biomechanics of Draco; however future in-vivo studies are needed to provide a complete picture for gliding mechanics of this genus. Our approach enables the replication and modification of existing gliders in order to better understand their performance and mechanics. This can be applied to extinct species, but also as a way of exploring the biomimetic potential of different morphological features.
Electrically detected magnetic resonance and near-zero field magnetoresistance in 28Si/28SiO2

We report on electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and near-zero-field magnetoresistance (NZFMR) measurements observed through spin-dependent trap-assisted-tunneling on unpassivated Si/SiO2 metal–insulator–semiconductor capacitors comparing those containing silicon of natural isotopic abundance and silicon depleted of 29Si. Although our measurements involve monitoring the spin-dependence of the trap-assisted-tunneling current responsible for leakage across the oxide, the EDMR spectra resemble that of a combination of Pb0 and Pb1 silicon dangling bonds sites at the Si/SiO2 interface. Additionally, we observe a substantial narrowing of the NZFMR response with the removal of 29Si nuclei. The breadth of the NZFMR response is strongly influenced by hyperfine interactions. Since superhyerfine interactions between 29Si nuclei and silicon dangling bonds at the Si/SiO2 interface are a full order of magnitude stronger than such interactions involving silicon dangling bonds defects (E′ centers) within the oxide, the NZFMR results also strongly suggest a response dominated by Si/SiO2 interface trap defects. These results collectively suggest very strongly that the leakage currents that we observe involve tunneling from Si/SiO2 Pb dangling bonds to defects within the oxide. Our results thus offer fundamental insight into technologically important phenomena involving oxide leakage currents in metal–oxide–semiconductor devices such as stress induced leakage currents and time dependent dielectric breakdown.
Demystifying dependence

Programmers are told "depend on interfaces, not implementations." But, given a program, is it possible even to assess objectively whether such advice has been followed? Programmers frequently talk in ways like this about dependence, but the very term, like many used in software engineering, has hitherto eluded precise definition. In this work, we resolve a variety of confusions about dependence, and present a formal definition unifying multiple varieties of software dependence, grounded in Halpern and Pearl's theory of actual causation. This definition is parameterized by the formal system characterizing the property of interest, and by constraints on "reasonable changes" to the program. By picking different choices of formal system, one can specialize our definition to characterize several notions of dependence, including build, correctness, and performance dependences. Overall, our work provides a path to making conversations about software dependence fully objective, and might serve as a basis for future work that automatically checks forms of dependence that were previously too abstract or high-level to be candidates for tools.
Milk Production and Calf Performance

Publisher Summary There is an abundance of research data, which demonstrate that the level of milk production of the dam is related closely to the performance of the calf. Milk production was related to weight of the calves. Normally, the larger sire-dam breeding program will produce the larger calf likewise; the dam which produces the most milk will tend to wean heavier calves. The calf producer likes to produce a heavy weaned calf (high sale price) from as small a cow as possible (low inputs) because the cost of maintenance (exclusive of milk production) is related directly to her size. A program of management which provides energy feeds other than milk, plus grass or hay, usually is defined as a creep feeding arrangement. Creep-fed suckling calves will make more rapid gains if their total diet including their milk is well-balanced, in addition to any pasture or hay to which they will have access. The value of growth-stimulating implants for suckling calves is worthy of discussion because of the variations in the results that have been reported. Early weaning of beef calves is possible and sometimes may be practical. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam after parturition. It differs greatly from the regular milk in composition and has functions that have long-reaching effects. The immune globulins are true protein and are readily absorbed, intact, into the blood system. The newborn calf should receive about 6% of its body weight of colostrum within 8 hours of birth for a 32-kg calf; this means approximately 2 kg of colostrum.
Care of Underserved People with Mental Illness

Before delving into a discussion about care of the uninsured and underserved mentally ill population, it is important to reflect on the historical under-representation of the field of mental health as a whole from a medical, political, social, and economic standpoint. The approach to the care of the mentally ill has been an area of debate for centuries, and the evolution of the field of mental health and substance use disorder has often lagged behind other areas of health care and social services. Following an extensive period of institutional care of the mentally ill using therapeutic asylum, a revolutionary movement came to light in the 1960s with the promise of delivering comprehensive community-based mental health services to support the de-institutionalization of the mentally ill. The Community Mental Health Movement was ethically strong and philosophically progressive, yet it was very poorly funded, and services were intermittently dispersed and fragmented. The challenge to implementation grew more daunting as a result of a drastic concurrent increase in our country’s population, an epidemic rise in drug and alcohol use disorders, and the worsening medical and social infrastructures. Communities in the United States continue to experience the unfavorable consequences of this movement, while poorly equipped criminal justice systems, and overwhelmed emergency medical and homeless services are left to deal with the results of this tragic legacy.
Receptor-Mediated Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Host Cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen of mononuclear phagocytes and is highly adapted to the human host. This chapter reviews advances in the understanding of the molecular determinants that mediate the interaction of M. tuberculosis with host cells such as monocytes/ macrophages, epithelial cells, and dendritic cell (DC). In this context, it also reviews a family of important regulators of innate immune cell activation, the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. The mannose caps of M. tuberculosis cell wall LAM (ManLAM) have also recently been shown to be recognized by DC-SIGN on DC, a lectin that functions as a bacterial adhesion and pattern recognition receptor. In addition to the lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-mannose receptor (MR) interaction, M. tuberculosis strains possess their own lectins, some of which are specific for mannans and may be involved in bacterial binding to host cells. Toll is a member of a family of related proteins in the fly that are important for host defense against pathogens, most probably because they direct the production of antimicrobial peptides. The cytoplasmic domain of Toll was found to be homologous to the cytoplasmic domain of the mammalian interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-18 receptors, suggesting that similar receptors might be encoded in the mammalian genome. Some TLR proteins utilize coreceptors that augment TLR-dependent responses and, in some cases, are required for TLR function. Recently, several laboratories have investigated the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in host responses to mycobacterial infection.
Effects of second-phase particles on irradiation swelling of austenitic alloys

Results are described from the investigation of swelling caused by fast-neutron-induced void formation in stainless steel fuel cladding and high-nickel alloys irradiated in fast flux (EBR-II) to fluences up to 7.3 x 10 2 2 n/cm 2 , E > 0.1 MeV. Immersion density measurements of swelling gave results ranging from a volume increase of 10 percent in solution-annealed Type 347 stainless steel to a small densification in lnconel-625. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the extent of void formation in Types 316 and 347 stainless steels, Incoloy-800, and Hastelloy-X was related to the degree of intragranular precipitation (principally carbides), whereas the Ni 3 Cb precipitation in Inconel-625 had apparently inhibited void formation altogether. It is concluded that precipitate particles can play a major role in determining the extent of void formation in austenitic alloys during neutron irradiation, and in the optimum morphology (a high concentration of closely spaced, small and possibly coherent particles) they offer promise of largely inhibiting void formation and swelling.
Spinor fields in spaces with torsion

Abstract It is suggested that the short-range interactions lead to a torsion of physical space, as gravitational interactions lead to its curvature. The existence of torsion implies two kinds of parallelism, (+) and (−), which in turn imply two types of spinor field, ψ(+) and ψ(−). If the geometry is symmetric with respect to (+) and (−) parallelisms, then ψ(+) and ψ(−) have no vector or electromagnetic coupling, and the geometry may be called neutral. The simplest neutral geometry with variable torsion is derivable from a Lagrangian in which a pseudoscalar Yukawa field (the torsion potential) is coupled by pseudovector coupling to ψ(+) and ψ(−). If the geometry does not have neutral symmetry, then ψ(+) and ψ(−) behave like a charge doublet. The hypercharge and the parity of this charge doublet are determined by the weight of the spinor under general coordinate transformations. It follows from the model that leptonic (m = 0) particles are not coupled to the torsion.
The People vs. the Florida manatee: A review of the laws protecting Florida's endangered marine mammal and need for application

Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are a tropical species endemic at their northernmost habitat range within the southeastern United States. Manatees face a thermoregulatory requirement during winter months and follow a seasonal migration to warm water sources. To avoid cold stress syndrome (CSS), manatees utilize the warmth from artificial sources such as power plant discharge canals or natural sources such as artesian springs. Already endangered, this species nonetheless continually faces an ever-growing threat from human impact within these important locations. This paper reviews the past and present laws protecting manatees in Florida, chronicles the impacts manatees are facing presently and in the future, and details the increasing need for the application of protection from a management standpoint. With the correct management plan in place, manatees and humans can cooperatively coexist together in a shared environment.