cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voronoi path planning technique for recovering communication in UAVs

Communication between the unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) and the ground control unit (GCU) could be lost at some instant of time due to severe weather conditions and/or Interference from other neighboring transmitters and/or receivers. This research is concerned with communication loss prevention through the application of spatial tessellations (partitions) algorithms. The map of the area in which the UAV is traveling is partitioned using Voronoi diagrams. Following this partitioning, it becomes easier to study the space from the viewpoint of good and bad service regions, or high and low signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). Using this information about the space, path planning could be enhanced by making skillful decisions about the closest trace-point in a path, with high SINR. Furthermore, interference obstacles could be avoided with substantial confidence.
Changes in Air Service Connectivity and Employment

In this paper the relationship between air service connectivity and a subset of professional employment as defined by administrative and auxiliary workers for the fifty-nine largest metropolitan areas in the USA for the period 1978–88 is examined. The importance of airline service connectivity as an industrial location factor for company facilities is highlighted. Restructuring of the air service network and the emergence of the postderegulation hub-and-spoke system are also discussed. It is argued that connectivity affects, and is simultaneously affected by, administrative and auxiliary employment levels. Empirical findings suggest that changes in connectivity have a greater influence on administrative and auxiliary employment levels than changes in administrative and auxiliary employment have on connectivity.
MPC-multiprocessor C language for consistent abstract shared data type paradigms

Multiprocessor C (MPC), a C language preprocessor that assists a programmer in building efficient parallel programs, is described. MPC provides the programmer with a virtual implementation machine, the consistent abstract shared data type implementation machine (CASDTIM). The machine is described and an analytical model for predicting performance of MPC programs using the CASDTIM is presented. The analytic model is shown to be in close agreement with the measurements of an actual MPC program executing on a commercially available multiprocessor. >
An alternative method to formulate closed-form dynamics for elastic manipulators using symbolic process

An alternative symbolic method leading to closed-form formulation of the equations of motion for elastic manipulators is presented. The formalism is derived from the virtual work principle based on the assumed-mode method. The elastic members are treated as Euler-Bernoulli beams, and the rigid body dynamics is included and formulated separately. A symbolic model for an elastic manipulator with structural and joint flexibility is developed. Nonlinear and linearized equations are established and converted into Fortran code. Numerical simulation and a comparison of the results of nonlinear and linearized models are presented. >
Aggregation behavior of nanodiamonds and their functionalized analogs in an aqueous environment

The colloidal behavior of aqueous dispersions of detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) and carboxylated nanodiamonds (DND-COOH) which were synthesized via a microwave process is presented. Both forms of DNDs were found to be relatively stable in aqueous solutions, but aggregated rapidly in the presence of mono and divalent salts. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values for DNDs and DND-COOH were estimated to be between 8 and 10 mM for NaCl and 7 and 8 mM for MgCl2. In general, the formation of carboxyl groups on the DND surface did not alter colloidal behavior as dramatically as it is known to do for other nanocarbons especially carbon nanotubes.
Pre-processing Agilent microarray data.

Pre-processing methods for two-sample long oligonucleotide arrays, specifically the Agilent technology, have not been extensively studied. The goal of this study is to quantify some of the sources of error that affect measurement of expression using Agilent arrays and to compare Agilent's Feature Extraction software with pre-processing methods that have become the standard for normalization of cDNA arrays. These include log transformation followed by loess normalization with or without background subtraction and often a between array scale normalization procedure. The larger goal is to define best study design and pre-processing practices for Agilent arrays, and we offer some suggestions. Simple loess normalization without background subtraction produced the lowest variability. However, without background subtraction, fold changes were biased towards zero, particularly at low intensities. ROC analysis of a spike-in experiment showed that differentially expressed genes are most reliably detected when background is not subtracted. Loess normalization and no background subtraction yielded an AUC of 99.7% compared with 88.8% for Agilent processed fold changes. All methods performed well when error was taken into account by t- or z-statistics, AUCs ≥ 99.8%. A substantial proportion of genes showed dye effects, 43% (99%CI : 39%, 47%). However, these effects were generally small regardless of the pre-processing method. Simple loess normalization without background subtraction resulted in low variance fold changes that more reliably ranked gene expression than the other methods. While t-statistics and other measures that take variation into account, including Agilent's z-statistic, can also be used to reliably select differentially expressed genes, fold changes are a standard measure of differential expression for exploratory work, cross platform comparison, and biological interpretation and can not be entirely replaced. Although dye effects are small for most genes, many array features are affected. Therefore, an experimental design that incorporates dye swaps or a common reference could be valuable.
Efficient and balanced adaptive routing in two-dimensional meshes

In this paper, we present a new concept of region of adaptivity with respect to various routing algorithms in wormhole networks. Using this concept, we demonstrate that the previously proposed routing algorithms, though more adaptive, causes an uneven workload in the network which limits the performance improvement. A is observed that balanced distribution of traffic has greater impact on system performance than the adaptivity or efficiency of the algorithm. Based on these motivating factors, we have presented a new fully adaptive routing algorithm for 2-dimensional meshes using one extra virtual channel. The algorithm is more efficient in terms of the number of paths it offers between the source and the destination and also distributes the network load more evenly and symmetrically. The simulation results are presented and are compared with the results of previously proposed algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithm results in much better performance in terms of the average network latency and the throughput. >
The power to be me: Power elevates self-concept consistency and authenticity

article i nfo Consistency in the self-concept across social contexts has been linked to various positive outcomes, including felt authenticity and well-being. Based on theories of social power (e.g., Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003), we predicted that high-power individuals, disposed to greater control of their environments and freedom of self-expression, would exhibit greater self-concept consistency relative to their low-power counterparts. Across three studies, measured and manipulated high-power participants showed elevated self- concept consistency in terms of greater coherence and consistency in their spontaneous self-descriptions (Studies 1 and 2), and less variability in trait ratings of themselves across different contexts (Study 3), relative to low-power participants. Moreover, high-power participants' tendency to be more consistent in their self- concept explained their higher reports of authenticity relative to low-power participants (Study 3). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for health and well-being, and for power differences in other cultural contexts.
Two modes of exocytosis at hippocampal synapses revealed by rate of FM1-43 efflux from individual vesicles

We have examined the kinetics by which FM1-43 escapes from individual synaptic vesicles during exocytosis at hippocampal boutons. Two populations of exocytic events were observed; small amplitude events that lose dye slowly, which made up more than half of all events, and faster, larger amplitude events with a fluorescence intensity equivalent to single stained synaptic vesicles. These populations of destaining events are distinct in both brightness and kinetics, suggesting that they result from two distinct modes of exocytosis. Small amplitude events show tightly clustered rate constants of dye release, whereas larger events have a more scattered distribution. Kinetic analysis of the association and dissociation of FM1-43 with membranes, in combination with a simple pore permeation model, indicates that the small, slowly destaining events may be mediated by a narrow ∼1-nm fusion pore.
Nerve-dependent changes in content of ribosomes, polysomes, and nascent peptides in newt limb regenerates.

Abstract Regeneration of a newt limb requires a constant supply of adequate amounts of a neuronal contribution at the amputation site. Denervation during the early stages of regeneration precludes its growth and morphogenesis. It has been reported that denervation of a regenerating limb lowers the efficiency of incorporation of radioactive amino acids to 60% of contralateral control levels. To gain more insight into the mechanism responsible for this decrease, we examined the effects of denervation on the size distribution and quantity of regenerate polysomes. We characterized the [35S]methionine-labeled nascent peptidyl-tRNA from polysomes by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Moreover, we show that the labeled nascent peptides on polysomes can serve as a measure to quantitate the relative amounts of ribosomes on polysomes and the relative size of the translational machinery. Thus, we report that [35S]methionine-labeled nascent polypeptides on polysomes from denervated regenerates contain about 48% less radioactivity than those from controls. Despite decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine into nascent peptides, the relative distribution of radioactivity across linear sucrose gradients is not significantly altered by denervation. Studies of polysomes labeled with [3H]uridine prior to denervation indicate that ribosome content is depressed by denervation. Our results suggest that the nerve-dependent decrease in protein synthesis is mediated by decreasing the number of ribosomes active in protein synthesis. In addition, similarities in the ratios of free monosomes to polysomes and the relative size distribution of polypeptides between denervated and innervated regenerates indicate that in denervated regenerates the number of translatable mRNA molecules decreases in a coordinate manner with the number of ribosomes active in protein synthesis.
An ELM based predictive control method for HCCI engines

We formulate and develop a control method for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines using model predictive control (MPC) and models learned from operational data. An HCCI engine is a highly efficient but complex combustion system that operates with a high fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to the present technology. HCCI control is a nonlinear, multi-input multi-output problem with state and actuator constraints which makes controller design a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an MPC approach where the constraints are elegantly included in the control problem along with optimality in control. We develop the engine models using experimental data so that the complexity and time involved in the modeling process can be reduced. An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used to capture the engine dynamic behavior and is used by the MPC controller to evaluate control actions. We also used a simplified quadratic programming making use of the convexity of the MPC problem so that the algorithm can be implemented on the engine control unit that is limited in memory. The working and effectiveness of the proposed MPC methodology has been analyzed in simulation using a nonlinear HCCI engine model. The controller tracks several reference signals taking into account the constraints defined by HCCI states, actuators and operational limits.
Contemporary Antibiotic Management for Urologic Procedures and Infections

The challenge to tailor antibiotic choices to the individual patient as well as the specific procedure is ever increasing in the modern era of multi-drugresistant organisms and increasingly complex patients and surgeries. The urologist faces decisions every day in both clinical practice and the operating room setting on how to effectively utilize antibiotics while taking into account individual patient factors as well as procedural factors. The goals of minimizing the incidence of infections and limiting morbidity from infections are shared by clinicians across the specialties ranging from Cardiology, to Orthopedics, to Infectious Disease, to Obstetrics, to Pediatrics, to Internal Medicine. Collaboration on the part of the physicians is key to managing individual patients with infections that require treatment and in procedures that necessitate prophylaxis. Judicious use of antibiotics in the appropriate doses for the indicated duration helps to limit the development of resistant organisms and to maintain the efficacy of broad spectrum antibiotics for the continued treatment of patients in the future. In this issue of Urologic Clinics, we focus on antibiotic management in cases specific to the
WDCloud: An end to end system for large-scale watershed delineation on cloud

Watershed delineation is a process to compute the drainage area for a point on the land surface, which is a critical step in hydrologic and water resources analysis. However, existing watershed delineation tools are still insufficient to support hydrologists and watershed researchers due to the lack of essential capabilities such as fully leveraging scalable and high performance computing infrastructure (public cloud), and providing predictable performance for the delineation tasks. To solve these problems, this paper reports on WDCloud, which is a system for large-scale watershed delineation on public cloud. For the design and implementation of WDCloud, we employ three main approaches: 1) an automated catchment search mechanism for a public data set, 2) three performance improvement strategies (Data-reuse, parallel-union, and MapReduce), and 3) local linear regression-based execution time estimator for watershed delineation. Moreover, WDCloud extensively utilizes several compute and storage capabilities from Amazon Web Services in order to maximize the performance, scalability, and elasticity of watershed delineation system. Our evaluations on WDCloud focus on two main aspects of WDCloud; the performance improvement for watershed delineation via three strategies and the estimation accuracy for watershed delineation time by local linear regression. The evaluation results show that WDCloud can achieve 18x–111x of speed-ups for delineating any scale of watersheds in the contiguous United States as compared to commodity laptop environments, and accurately predict execution time for watershed delineation with 85.6% of prediction accuracy, which is 23%–13% higher than other state-of-the-art approaches.
Enacting a Constellation of Logics: How Transferred Practices Are Recontextualized in a Global Organization

We explore how new practices are transferred across locations in a global organization. The company we studied strove to infuse more user-centered innovation and quicker, more agile delivery of sof...
Effects of a High Vacuum on Insect Mortality

The Madeira cockroach, Leucophaea maderae (F.); the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant; the house fly, Musca domestica L.; the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal; and the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, were exposed to pressures of 0.05 to 0.03 mm of mercury for periods of 2 to 64 min. A high mortality occurred for all species at the 64-min exposure level. Weight loss ranged from 14% to 47%. A drop in internal temperature from 26°C to about 10°C was observed in the Madeira cockroach and the Japanese beetle during the 64-min exposure period.
Lability of Rat Liver Polyribosomes and Cell Sap Factors in an in Vitro Amino Acid Incorporation System

SummaryCell sap enzymes were more susceptible to heat destruction(37°) than polyribosomes whereas the latter appear relatively stable for periods up to 32 min. However, preincubating the two components together led to a more rapid disappearance of incorporating activity than did heating the components separately. Dialysis for 22 hr decreased cell sap enzyme activity 50% compared to fresh cell sap. Gel-filtrated cell sap lost a similar amount of activity when stored (3°) for 22 hr. Cell sap loses 20–25% of its activity within 24 hr during cold storage (—70°). However, polyribosomes are less susceptible losing approximately 10% of their activity. Freezing PMS (—70°) and isolating cell sap and polyribosomes 24 hr later led to a reduction in activity of 45 and 8%, respectively. PCMB lowered amino acid incorporation in the reaction media at concentrations above that of free sulfhydryl supplements.
Thiazide-Sensitive NaCl Cotransporter

The thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC, SLC12A3) is a member of the solute carrier 12 (SLC12) family of electroneutral cotransporters. NCC is expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney, where it mediates the transport of sodium with chloride in a 1:1 stoichiometry. NCC is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 5–10 % of sodium from the glomerular filtrate. Because NCC is expressed in the distal portion of the nephron, its activity helps dictate the final sodium chloride content in the urine. Thus, it plays a key role in determining the blood pressure set point through the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. Consistent with its critical role in blood pressure and volume control, NCC is one of the major molecular targets of thiazide-type diuretics, drugs commonly used as first-line agents in the treatment of essential hypertension and edema. Since its cloning over two decades ago, much has been learned about the physiological transport properties of NCC, its regulation, and its connections to human disease. In this chapter, I provide an overview of the biology of this important cotransporter.
42 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE T-786C ENOS POLYMORPHISM AND IDIOPATHIC OSTEONECROSIS OF THE HIP.

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates bone turnover by osteoblasts-osteoclasts. NO production is impaired by T-786C eNOS and stromelysin 1 5A6A polymorphisms that lead to vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, reduced angiogenesis, and bone formation, all of which may be associated with osteonecrosis (ON) of the hip. eNOS and stromelysin polymorphisms were compared in 95 hip ON cases (54 idiopathic [18 smokers], 41 secondary [9 smokers]) and 72 healthy normal adult controls. TT eNOS homozygosity was present in 11 of 54 (20%) idiopathic ON cases versus 1 of 51 (2%) race-/gender-/age-matched controls, TC heterozygosity in 28 of 54 (52%) cases versus 17 of 51 (33%) controls, and CC (wild-type normal) in 15 of 54 (28%) cases versus 33 of 51 (65%) controls, p = .0001. The eNOS mutant allele frequency in idiopathic ON was 50 of 108 (46%), higher than in race-/gender-/age-matched controls, 19 of 102 (19%), p .7) or for the 6A allele frequency (p > .4). The eNOS T-786C polymorphism is associated with and may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic ON.
The low-lying electronic states of SiO

Abstract The singlet states of SiO that correlate with ground state atoms have been studied. The computed spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with experiment. The lifetime of the E state has been calculated to be 10.9 ns; this is larger than the results of previous computations and is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 10.5 ± 1.1 ns. The lifetime of the A state is about three times larger than found in experiment. We suggest that absorption from the X state to the (2) 1 Π state is responsible for the unidentified lines in the experiment of Hormes et al.
Reduction of rat liver microsomal ribonuclease by cycloheximide.

An inhibitor of mRNA translation, cycloheximide, reduced RNA degradation by hepatic microsomal ribonuclease in a dose-related manner. This decrease occurred prior to a measurable reduction in microsomal protein or oxidative demethylation activity. Graphical analysis of the time plot of ribonuclease activity decay following cycloheximide administration indicated that the half-life of the microsomal ribonuclease was 54 min. The reduction of ribonuclease activity by this inhibitor was not attributable to its direct effects, nor was the presence of the adrenal glands necessary. The results indicate that the short onset of microsomal RNase reduction produced by cycloheximide may be due to a more rapid turnover of this enzyme in comparison with other microsomal proteins.
Variety of career options available to vets.

READING Sophie Walsh's article ‘Time for a change’ in Vet Record Careers was like feeling a breath of fresh air on a hot and sticky summer's day ( VR , April 16, 2016, vol 178, pp i-ii). We constantly hear how stressful life is as a vet, of the high rate of mental illness, addiction and suicide, the physical danger (at least in equine work), the high rate of dissatisfaction and colleagues leaving the profession, and of the difficulty of recruiting suitable candidates to jobs in practice. While of course these are very serious issues and must be addressed by the profession, and, in particular, those in positions …
Embedded Wide-Band Filter on Rigid / Flex. Multilayer PCB for SiP

In this paper, a novel method to realize wide-band band-pass filter is presented. The filter is constructed by serial and shunt transmission-line sections and fabricated on multilayer PCB substrates. The frequency response is specified with a pass band of 1.8-5.8 GHz, and with less than 3 dB insertion losses and more than 10 dB return losses in the pass band. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results has been observed. In addition, the transformation models of flexible substrates are also studied by using the 3D electromagnetic simulator. It is shown that the deviations of frequency responses are less than 10% of the unfolded case. Thus, the filter's structure is suitable for both rigid and flexible substrates.
Antibiotic treatment of zebrafish mycobacteriosis: tolerance and efficacy of treatments with tigecycline and clarithromycin.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a popular model organism used in a growing number of research fields. Maintaining healthy, disease-free laboratory fish is important for the integrity of many of these studies. Mycobacteriosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by several Mycobacterium spp. and is the second most common disease found in laboratory zebrafish. Current mycobacteriosis control measures recommend the removal of infected fish and in severe outbreaks, depopulation. These measures can be effective, but less disruptive measures should be assessed for controlling mycobacteriosis, particularly when valuable and rare lines of fish are affected. Here, the in vivo efficacy of two drug candidates, tigecycline (1 μg g-1 ) and clarithromycin (4 μg g-1 ), was tested in adult zebrafish experimentally infected with Mycobacterium chelonae. We assessed both short (14 day)- and long-term (30 day) treatments and evaluated fecundity and pathological endpoints. Fecundity and histology results show that zebrafish tolerated antibiotics. Antibiotic treatments did not significantly impact the prevalence of acid-fast granulomas; however, the severity of infections (acid-fast granuloma intensity) was significantly decreased following treatments.
Sports fan experience: Electronic word-of-mouth in ephemeral social media

Abstract Fans consuming sporting events commonly use social media to spread electronic-word-of-mouth (eWOM) related to their experiences. Ephemeral social media, an emerging form of social media that auto-deletes content after a prescribed time, allows fans to have greater control over their messages than ever before. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate factors leading fans to lengthen or shorten the lifespan of their social media content. A nationwide panel (N = 242) created social media content in a controlled setting in which the fan experience and audience size were manipulated. Results suggest fans having a positive experience or who were broadcasting to a large audience were likely to share their content for a longer period of time. In contrast, fans having other than positive experiences, sharing with a small audience, or displaying greater team identification wished to limit the availability of their content. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
The impact of individual surgeons on the likelihood of mastectomy in breast cancer.

1008Background: Women with localized breast cancer face the difficult personal decision of whether to undergo mastectomy or breast conservation surgery (BCS). Multiple factors impact this decision,...
Religious Arbitration and the Establishment Clause

Religious arbitration agreements—which compel parties to resolve their private legal disputes before a religious tribunal or according to religious doctrine—are often enforced by courts. This Article argues that their enforcement may violate the Establishment Clause. In particular, the “nondelegation doctrine”—first articulated in Larkin v. Grendel’s Den—limits the government’s ability to delegate its power to religious institutions. The concern is not that the government would entangle itself in religious affairs, but the opposite: that religious institutions would acquire control over a core governmental function. Under this doctrine, the enforcement of religious arbitration agreements may constitute a delegation to religious institutions of a core governmental function, namely, the adjudication and enforcement of the private law. Such a delegation of governmental authority may be problematic either because it favors some religious groups over others, or because it allows religious institutions to acquire unchecked authority over their members and participants. Additionally, this Article argues that enforcement of religious arbitration agreements is not required by other Establishment Clause doctrines such as the “religious question” doctrine or the principle of neutrality toward religion.
Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and asthma, eczema/hay fever, and frequent ear infections

ABSTRACTObjectives: The effects of prenatal exposure to Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the development of asthma, frequent ear infections, and eczema/hay fever are not well understood. We aim to investigate associations between prenatal PCB exposure and these health outcomes in the offspring of women who worked at the LaSalle Electrical Utilities Company (EUC). Methods: A retrospective cohort with at least one live birth and known employment time at EUC was eligible for this analysis. Exposure was defined and categorized by the number of fiscal quarters worked during the PCB era (1952–1981). A total of 288 women with 800 live births were included. A Chi-Square test was used to compare maternal and child characteristics across exposure groups and repeated measures logistic regression, controlling for clustering among siblings, was used to assess the associations between prenatal PCB exposure and these outcomes. Results: After adjustment for confounding and independent maternal predictors, 1–4 quarters...
Environmental Influences on the Relative Stability of Baculoviruses and Vaccinia Virus: A Review

The environmental fate of viruses is a topic of recent interest because the transport and fate of viruses in the environment may impact human and animal health. In studying the transport of pathogenic viruses in the environment some workers have used non-pathogenic surrogate or “simulant” viruses as tracer organisms for safety reasons. In an effort to identify simulants for orthopoxviruses, the use of baculoviruses has been proposed. Like poxviruses, they are also large, ds-DNA viruses. Unlike poxviruses, however, they are generally regarded as harmless to plants and animals outside their narrow insect host range and have been broadly disseminated for decades in organic agriculture as natural insecticides. The use of baculoviruses as simulants for the development of decontaminants requires an understanding of the relative resistance of both poxviruses and baculoviruses to environmental stressors, so that their relative, inherent rates of environmental degradation can be accounted for in determining whether a candidate decontamination regime is effective. To this end, we review here what is known about the susceptibility of baculoviruses and poxviruses to environmental stressors (temperature, UV light, moisture and pH) and the influence of their physical environments (soil, phyllosphere, or aquatic surroundings).
Using Airborne GNSS Receivers to Detect Atmospheric Turbulence

A methodology for estimating turbulence intensity from GNSS-aircraft occultations is presented. The theoretical underpinnings are from standard weak-scattering theory for electromagnetic wave propagation in random media. These techniques are modified to deal with a transmitter and receiver moving relative to each other. A simulation method is then used to evaluate the sensitivity of the intensity estimates to two other unknown parameters, the turbulence length scale and the distance of the turbulence from the receiver. It is shown that the estimation is highly sensitive to the latter and relatively insensitive to the former. An iterative technique is presented that uses estimates of the distance parameters to improve the intensity estimation. It is shown that given the assumptions in the problem, the iterative technique provides relatively accurate estimates of the turbulence intensity parameter.
Dithiocarbamate spin traps for in vivo detection of nitric oxide production in mice

This chapter covers the use of dithiocarbamate derivatives chelating ferrous iron (Fe) as spin trap reagents for detection of nitric oxide (·NO) produced in vivo in small laboratory animals by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The principle of this method is based on the high affinity of ·NO toward dithiocarbamate-Fe complexes, forming stable nitrosyl-Fe-dithiocarbamate complexes whose characteristic three-line spectrum with giso=2.04 can readily be detected by EPR spectroscopy. Experiments in our laboratory showed that among several dithiocarbamate derivatives, N-methyl-D-glucamin dithiocarbamate, which is highly water-soluble and relatively non-toxic, is the most promising derivative for studying the production of ·NO in vivo in physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions where ·NO is overproduced.
Setting the vision for a stronger tomorrow.

Delivered by Harold N. Godwin, BPharm, MS, FAPhA, incoming President of the American Pharmacists Association, at APhA2010, the Association’s Annual Meeting and Exposition, March 14, 2010, Washington, DC. Good morning. Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you this morning. Every Annual Meeting is a wonderful opportunity to engage with so many friends and colleagues about the future of our profession and our Association. This one is no exception. It is such a beautiful venue in our nation’s and Association’s home. Thank you even more for the opportunity to serve as your next president. I have been proud to call myself a pharmacist for more than 46 years and a member of APhA for 49 years. This is an honor I will never forget and one I share with my family. My wife Judy and my daughters Paula and Jennifer have been at my side for several decades of my involvement in my profession and pharmacy associations. I am pleased to have with me at this meeting my daughter Paula and her husband Shahid, my daughter Jennifer and her husband Kent, and of course my wonderful wife of 46 years, Judy, who has not only been there throughout my pharmacy journey but helps take care of our wonderful grandchildren Kaia and Ella, who could not be here today. In addition, I need to thank my staffs at the University of Kansas School of Pharmacy and the University of Kansas Hospital for their support. Thank you all from the bottom of my heart. I am forever grateful. In addition to my family, I look out into the audience and see thousands of pharmacists from every type of practice in our profession. We are all friends, colleagues, and leaders—truly making a difference. You are my inspiration! Despite current frustrations with the tone and style of its politics, it is difficult not to be inspired here in Washington. A simple walk from the old front steps of our newly remodeled home on the National Mall reminds us of the many challenges this nation has faced. Within a 30-minute walk, one is reminded of how Lincoln saved the Union; how FDR helped the nation through the Great Depression; how so many generations sacrificed in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam; and how central Washington and Jefferson were to the founding of our nation.
Postures of Prophetic Action in American Sports

There are two kinds of civil religion for which sports serve as a denomination. The priestly kind features testimonies of faith by athletes and celebrates devotion to sports as religious behavior. In the prophetic kind athletes challenge the status quo by using the public platform of sports to decry the roots of injustice. This chapter, a response to the previous chapters, commends the analyses of prophetic dimensions of sports that are introduced by the contributors to this book.
Hidden Costs of Blight and Arson in Detroit: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Devil's Night

Abstract About one-fifth of the total housing stock in Detroit, Michigan is vacant, blighted or abandoned. Abandoned homes are particularly vulnerable to arson, with an estimated 20 such structures set ablaze each day. In 2011 the Fire Commissioner of Detroit announced a policy of fire non-suppression for abandoned structures. The policy is referred to as “Let it Burn.” While such a policy has the merit of focusing scarce firefighting resources on situations in which people's lives are immediately at risk, we show that the policy exposes residents city-wide to various hazardous inorganic gases (CO, SO2, and NO2) released in uncontrolled fire events. By exploiting an annual tradition in Detroit called Devil's Night, we overcome a measurement problem involving the statistical attribution of changes in city-wide air quality due to fire emissions, and we conservatively estimate per burn pollutant externality costs from inorganic gas releases that include health damages in excess mortality and hospitalization for circulatory conditions in elderly populations. The estimated present value health burden for elderly residents of Detroit due to cardiovascular complications resulting from arson-related emissions of CO is greater than $300 million dollars. Since this is only a subset of the total social costs attributable to arson, the results suggest that a large scale blight reduction program might be socially efficient. Building on our empirical findings, we argue that the dilemma facing Detroit has the structure of a classic poverty trap. The corresponding insights may be relevant for other so-called rust belt cities grappling with the ecological economics of depopulation, housing abandonment, and arson.
Developing a Service Learning Project Within a University Choreography Course

ABSTRACTThis article highlights an experience of implementing service learning activities and philosophies in a university choreography class. Over the course of the spring 2016 semester, my underg...
The Challenge of Education for VLSI

Publisher Summary Each significant improvement in man's scientific knowledge brings changes in the worldwide educational system and the need for scientific and engineering manpower. The coming revolution in very large-scale integration (VLSI) will generate similar disruptions in the educational system and in the engineering manpower required to support this advance in information handling capability. Employment of engineering graduates has been largely a function of the health of the industries that hire those engineers. This has certainly been true of the electronics industry, the single largest industry segment employing engineers. The health of most electronics companies depends on the cycle of economic boom and bust. The development of VLSI technology will change the mix of skills required by semiconductor manufacturers and by the users of VLSI. The most critical skills for the semiconductor manufacturer are those of processing specialist and circuit designer. The onset of VLSI has both broadened the required range of critical skills and forced specialization on the individual technical practitioner.
Why Does an IPO Affect Rival Firms

IPO firms’ rivals tend to experience performance declines following an IPO in the industry. Why? We estimate a dynamic structural oligopoly model to distinguish between alternative theories that can explain an industry’s evolution post-IPO. We find that most changes in rivals’ performance are due to industry trends that also drive IPOs. However, we also find some “competitive” IPOs where the IPO enhances the IPO firm’s performance at the expense of competitors. These findings help reconcile prior evidence of average performance reductions of both IPO firms and their rivals with well-known cases in which firms have benefited from going public. (JEL G30, G32)Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
An approach to automatic detection of suspicious individuals in a crowd

This paper describes an approach to identify individuals with suspicious objects in a crowd. To accomplish this goal we define criteria for a suspicious individual we are searching for. The query image is declared to contain a suspicious individual if it satisfies these criteria. In our implementation we apply a well-known algorithm suite used in image retrieval, mobile visual search problems where the reference data base of images is stored in a hierarchical tree data structure. In many cases, the construction of such a hierarchical tree uses k-means clustering followed by geometric verification. However, the number of clusters is not known in advance, and sometimes it is randomly generated. This may lead to congested clustering which can cause problems in grouping large real-time data. To overcome this problem, in this work, we estimate the number of clusters using the Indian Buffet stochastic process. We present examples illustrating our method.
BARI 2D: A Reanalysis Focusing on Cardiovascular Events

Abstract Objective To reanalyze the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial using a new composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome to determine how best to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease. Patients and Methods From January 1, 2001, to November 30, 2008, 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and angiographically proven coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to insulin-sensitizing (IS) or insulin-providing (IP) therapy and simultaneously to coronary revascularization (REV) or no or delayed REV (intensive medical therapy [MED]), with all patients receiving intensive medical treatment. The outcome of this analysis was a composite of 8 CVD events. Results Four-year Kaplan-Meier rates for the composite CVD outcome were 35.8% (95% CI, 33.1%-38.5%) with IS therapy and 41.6% (95% CI, 38.7%-44.5%) with IP therapy (P=.004). Much of this difference was associated with lower in-trial levels of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin A1c with IS therapy. Four-year composite CVD rates were 32.7% (95% CI, 30.0%-35.4%) with REV and 44.7% (95% CI, 41.8%-47.6%) with MED (P Conclusion In the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial, the IS treatment strategy and the REV treatment strategy each reduces cardiovascular events. The combination of IS drugs and CABG results in the lowest risk of subsequent CVD events. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006305
Bringing Narrative Discourse to the Field

This chapter reports on the author’s preliminary exploration with other educators of narrative discourse data elicited from her work as a second language instructor and researcher. In her original study (Kahn, Narrative discourse in the second-language classroom. In Grujicic-Alatriste (Ed.), Linking discourse studies to professional practice (pp. 153–175). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2015), the author drew upon Vygotskyan Sociocultural Theory (SCT) to create open-ended storytelling tasks for adult English as a Second Language students and studied the task-based discourse using conversation analysis. Data found one student’s narrative to be a joint production, developed through supportive means provided by her teacher and classmates. Underscoring the value of merging theory and practice through praxis (Lantolf & Poehner, Sociocultural theory and the pedagogical imperative in L2 education. New York: Routledge, 2014), the objective in examining excerpts from these narrative data with other second language or L2 educators was to explore how SCT concepts might be used as a guide for instruction. Kahn describes the steps she took to apply Grujicic-Alatriste’s (Framework for application of research findings: An introduction. In Grujicic-Alatriste (Ed.), Linking discourse studies to professional practice (pp. 1–22). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2015) dissemination framework, including samples of tools she employed such as emails and handouts. She also explores a central issue that challenged the dissemination project—time—from the logistics of scheduling workshop sessions with educators to the importance of responding to participants’ needs. Kahn concludes by calling for an approach to application whereby discourse analysts would ask teachers to tell their own stories emerging from their places of practice.
HER2 Dual In Situ Hybridization: Correlations and Cautions.

Context.— Accurate HER2 testing in breast cancer is crucial for appropriate precision therapy. HER2 testing is most commonly accomplished by a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybrid...
Generating quantum superposition states in a levitated nanodiamond

We propose a method to generate transiently nonclassical motional states in a levitated optomechanical system. The nonclassicality arises from a nonlinearity induced by coupling the mechanical motion of a nanodiamond carrying a nitrogen-vacancy center with its spin degrees of freedom using a second-order magnetic field gradient (MFG). We employ a Fokker–Planck equation for the Wigner distribution to study the effect of the induced nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system. The time evolution of the Wigner distribution reveals the transient generation of several nonclassical states. The presence of these states is also confirmed by the negativity of the Wigner function. We expect such nonclassical states to have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
Application-Aware Quality-Energy Optimization: Mathematical Models Enabled Simultaneous Quality and Energy-Sensitive Optimal Memory Design

With diminishing benefits from CMOS technology scaling and increasing demands from unprecedented data size, new memory hardware innovation is greatly needed to enhance energy efficiency of computing systems. Recently, quality-aware hardware design techniques have been developed from different stack layers to enable near-threshold/sub-threshold voltage operation by trading off between quality and power efficiency. Specifically, based on the energy-quality trade-off and application requirement, memory hardware is designed for the work mode with maximum quality first (step1-design for the work mode) and then the supply voltage will be adjusted in the sleep mode with just-enough quality to achieve maximum efficiency (step2-adjust in the sleep mode). We first propose mathematical models for this two-step design method to avoid time-consuming and laborious ASIC design iterations in traditional hardware design process. We further propose a new design concept, the simultaneous quality and energy-sensitive optimal design (SQEOD), in which the two objectives are considered simultaneously rather than by two separate steps. By introducing a system-wised importance weight parameter in the modeling process, our method demonstrates system-specific SQEOD mathematical models for different memory designs with various requirements on the application quality and/or energy efficiency.
Isolation, growth, and nitrogen fixation rates of the Hemiaulus-Richelia (diatom-cyanobacterium) symbiosis in culture

Nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs) are often an important nitrogen source to phytoplankton nutrient budgets in N-limited marine environments. Diazotrophic symbioses between cyanobacteria and diatoms can dominate nitrogen-fixation regionally, particularly in major river plumes and in open ocean mesoscale blooms. This study reports the successful isolation and growth in monocultures of multiple strains of a diatom-cyanobacteria symbiosis from the Gulf of Mexico using a modified artificial seawater medium. We document the influence of light and nutrients on nitrogen fixation and growth rates of the host diatom Hemiaulus hauckii Grunow together with its diazotrophic endosymbiont Richelia intracellularis Schmidt, as well as less complete results on the Hemiaulus membranaceus-R. intracellularis symbiosis. The symbioses rates reported here are for the joint diatom-cyanobacteria unit. Symbiont diazotrophy was sufficient to support both the host diatom and cyanobacteria symbionts, and the entire symbiosis replicated and grew without added nitrogen. Maximum growth rates of multiple strains of H. hauckii symbioses in N-free medium with N2 as the sole N source were 0.74-0.93 div d-1. Growth rates followed light saturation kinetics in H. hauckii symbioses with a growth compensation light intensity (EC) of 7-16 µmol m-2s-1and saturation light level (EK) of 84-110 µmol m-2s-1. Nitrogen fixation rates by the symbiont while within the host followed a diel pattern where rates increased from near-zero in the scotophase to a maximum 4-6 h into the photophase. At the onset of the scotophase, nitrogen-fixation rates declined over several hours to near-zero values. Nitrogen fixation also exhibited light saturation kinetics. Maximum N2 fixation rates (84 fmol N2 heterocyst-1h-1) in low light adapted cultures (50 µmol m-2s-1) were approximately 40-50% of rates (144-154 fmol N2 heterocyst-1h-1) in high light (150 and 200 µmol m-2s-1) adapted cultures. Maximum laboratory N2 fixation rates were ~6 to 8-fold higher than literature-derived field rates of the H. hauckii symbiosis. In contrast to published results on the Rhizosolenia-Richelia symbiosis, the H. hauckii symbiosis did not use nitrate when added, although ammonium was consumed by the H. hauckii symbiosis. Symbiont-free host cell cultures could not be established; however, a symbiont-free H. hauckii strain was isolated directly from the field and grown on a nitrate-based medium that would not support DDA growth. Our observations together with literature reports raise the possibility that the asymbiotic H. hauckii are lines distinct from an obligately symbiotic H. hauckii line. While brief descriptions of successful culture isolation have been published, this report provides the first detailed description of the approaches, handling, and methodologies used for successful culture of this marine symbiosis. These techniques should permit a more widespread laboratory availability of these important marine symbioses.