cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling Error, Effective Paternity, and Estimating the Genetic Structure of Honey Bee Colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Abstract Multiple mating by social Hymenopteran queens significantly lowers the average genetic relatedness among female nestmates, which subsequently affects a wide range of social behaviors. Honey bees (Apis spp.) have among the highest levels of multiple mating in social insects, and have received the most empirical effort to quantify the effective paternities within colonies. We reviewed 24 studies that estimated paternity frequencies of individual, naturally-mated honey bee queens using molecular techniques. We summarize the methods used to estimate effective paternity (me) and intracolonial genetic relatedness (G). We then concentrate on the effect of sample size on estimates of me using Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate that me estimates may vary significantly as a result of sampling error, particularly at low worker sample sizes and high paternity numbers. From these simulations, we arbitrarily define a “threshold” worker sample size to effective paternity ratio (n/me) that, at best...
Temperature-mediated transitions between isometry and allometry in a colonial, modular invertebrate

The evolutionary success of animal design is strongly affected by scaling and virtually all metazoans are constrained by allometry. One body plan that appears to relax these constraints is a colonial modular (CM) design, in which modular iteration is hypothesized to support isometry and indeterminate colony size. In this study, growth rates of juvenile scleractinians (less than 40mm diameter) with a CM design were used to test this assertion using colony diameters recorded annually for a decade and scaling exponents (b) for growth calculated from double logarithmic plots of final versus initial diameters. For all juvenile corals, b differed significantly among years, with isometry (b=1) in 4 years, but positive allometry (b>1) in 5 years. The study years were characterized by differences in seawater temperature that were associated significantly with b for growth, with isometry in warm years but positive allometry in cool years. These results illustrate variable growth scaling in a CM taxon and suggest that the switch between scaling modes is mediated by temperature. For the corals studied, growth was not constrained by size, but this outcome was achieved through both isometry and positive allometry. Under cooler conditions, positive allometry may be beneficial as it represents a growth advantage that increases with size.
Depressive Symptoms Following Coping with Peer Aggression: The Moderating Role of Negative Emotionality

The way in which children cope with peer aggression may determine their subsequent adjustment, but different forms of coping may be more or less effective for particular children. This research examined whether the contribution of children’s coping to subsequent depressive symptoms was contingent on children’s temperament (i.e., level of negative emotionality; NE) and gender. Children (N = 235, 102 boys, 133 girls, M = 7.94 years, SD = 0.33) reported on exposure to peer victimization. Parents rated children’s NE and depressive symptoms, and teachers rated children’s coping. For girls with high NE, problem solving protected against depressive symptoms whereas seeking retaliation heightened risk for depressive symptoms. Advice seeking protected children with low NE against depressive symptoms whereas ignoring protected children with high NE against depressive symptoms. Humor predicted fewer depressive symptoms in boys with high NE but more depressive symptoms in boys with low NE. This research helps to elucidate individual differences in the effects of coping on adjustment, and has implications for interventions aimed at reducing risk resulting from exposure to peer aggression.
Bafilomycin A1 Treatment Retards Transferrin Receptor Recycling More than Bulk Membrane Recycling

Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the vacuolar proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1 causes a 2-fold retardation in the rate of recycling of transfected human transferrin receptors back to the cell surface as measured using biochemical assays (Johnson, L. S. , Dunn, K. W., Pytowski, B., and McGraw, T. E. (1993) Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 1251-1266). We have used quantitative fluorescence microscopy to determine which step(s) in the endocytic recycling pathway are affected. We show that removal of transferrin from sorting endosomes and accumulation in the peri-centriolar endocytic recycling compartment takes place normally in bafilomycin A1-treated cells. However, the rate constant for exit of transferrin receptors from recycling endosomes (ke) is reduced from 0.063 min-1 in untreated cells to 0.034 min-1 in the presence of bafilomycin A1. This retardation appears to be dependent on the presence of internalization motifs in the cytoplasmic domain since modified receptors lacking these oligopeptide motifs do not show as large a decrease in recycling rate in the presence of bafilomycin A1. Bulk membrane recycling (measured by efflux of an internalized fluorescent lipid analog, 6-[N-[7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl--amino-hexoyl- sphingosylphosphorylcholine) is slowed from an exit rate constant of 0.060 min-1 without drug to 0.046 min-1 in the presence of bafilomycin A1. We conclude that bafilomycin A1 slows bulk membrane flow, but it causes additional inhibition of receptor recycling in a manner that is dependent on a peptide motif on the cytoplasmic domain.
Horizontal divergence, acceleration and curvature change, a diagnostic equation with applications

The horizontal divergence of an accelerating flow is discussed in the contexts of meandering currents and the formation of eddy-rings. The purpose is to help discern areas of upwelling and other dynamical features. Two interrelated hypotheses, representing two meso-scale versions of the turning vorticity equation (Chew, 1975), are formulated with the help of the Florida Current data of Schmitz (1969). The first is a generalization of the pioneer work of Bjerknes (1937) on the relation between horizontal divergence and curvature vorticity change. Along a meandering flow in the northern hemisphere, and away from the equator, the hypothesis predicts horizontal convergence where there is a rapid increase in centripetal acceleration, and horizontal divergence where the increase is in centrifugal force. In particular, in a meandering surface flow with a succession of cyclonic and anticyclonic turns, the hypothesis predicts a series of alternating upwelling and downwelling tongues. The second hypothesis illuminates a study by Fuglister (1972) of the role of vertical motion in the formation and evolution of eddy-rings. Eddies, as cut-off meanders, are initially irregular in shape. According to this hypothesis, an eddy evolving into a ring with circular symmetry is entering a stage of non-divergence and hence a stage of stability. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00936.x
Recursive and Trellis-Based Feedback Reduction for MIMO-OFDM with Rate-Limited Feedback

We investigate an adaptive MIMO-OFDM system with a feedback link that can only convey a finite number of bits. We consider three different transmitter configurations: i) beamforming applied per OFDM subcarrier, ii) precoded spatial multiplexing applied per subcarrier, and iii) precoded orthogonal space time block coding applied per subcarrier. Depending on the channel realization, the receiver selects the optimal beamforming vector or precoding matrix from a finite-size codebook on each subcarrier, and informs the transmitter through finite-rate feedback. Exploiting the fact that the channel responses across OFDM subcarriers are correlated, we propose two methods to reduce the amount of feedback. One is recursive feedback encoding that selects the optimal beamforming/precoding choices sequentially across the subcarriers, and adopts a smaller-size time-varying codebook per subcarrier depending on prior decisions. The other is trellis-based feedback encoding that selects the optimal decisions for all subcarriers at once along a trellis structure via the Viterbi algorithm. Our methods are applicable to different transmitter configurations in a unified fashion. Simulation results demonstrate that the trellis-based approach outperforms the recursive method as well as an existing interpolation-based alternative at high signal-to-noise-ratio, as the latter suffers from "diversity loss"
Asymmetric synthesis of the AB ring system of lactonamycin.

An enantiospecific synthesis of the AB fragment of lactonamycin (5) is achieved in eight steps from dimethyl d-tartrate. Ester enolate chemistry features prominently in the sequence.
Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow With Ultrasound-Induced Destruction of Microbubbles Administered as a Constant Venous Infusion

Background—Ultrasound can cause microbubble destruction. If microbubbles are administered as a continuous infusion, then their destruction within the myocardium and measurement of their myocardial ...
Effect of starch structure on glucose and insulin responses in adults

Twelve women and 13 men were given meals containing cornstarch with 70% of the starch in the form of amylopectin or amylose to determine if differences in glycemic response result from different chemical structure. Blood was drawn before and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after each meal. The meals consisted of starch crackers fed at the rate of 1 g carbohydrate from starch per kilogram body weight. The amylose meal resulted in a significantly lower glucose peak at 30 min than did the amylopectin meal. Plasma insulin response was significantly lower 30 and 60 min after amylose than after the amylopectin meal. Summed insulin above fasting was significantly lower after amylose while summed glucose was not significantly different between the two meals. The sustained plasma glucose levels after the amylose meal with reduced insulin requirement suggest amylose starch may be of potential benefit to carbohydrate-sensitive or diabetic individuals.
Research at the Harvard Anesthesia Departments

We are delighted that Anesthesiology is publishing this Special Edition, highlighting research at the Harvard-affiliated departments. Harvard Medical School (HMS) is unusual, perhaps unique, in that it has approximately 10,000 faculty appointees, including many physicians with additional appointments at multiple affiliated and financially independent academic hospitals that provide clinical training to HMS students, residents, and fellows, and also house academic researchers. There are currently four academic hospitals with anesthesia departments that are affiliated with HMS: Boston Children's Hospital (BCH), Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Here, we briefly review the history of the Department of Anesthesia (traditionally Anaesthesia) at HMS, essentially that of its affiliated hospital departments, and some of their collaborative initiatives that have influenced patient care, trainee education, and research.
An analog discrete-time transversal filter in 2.0 mu m CMOS

The implementation of analog discrete-time transversal filters using track-and-holds (T/Hs) as delay elements is addressed. With a classic linear tapped-delay line topology, the sampling rate is typically limited by the acquisition time of the T/Hs. To overcome this limitation, a circular architecture has been developed. The chip presented is the first demonstration of the circular architecture. A four-tap equalizer has been fabricated in a 2- mu m CMOS process, dissipates 148 mW when running at 30 MHz, and has a total area of 4.8 mm/sup 2/. >
Channel scrambling for secrecy

We investigate the fundamental limits of secure communication over a wiretap channel in which the legitimate receiver is able to scramble the state of the channel. We provide simple single-letter bounds for secrecy capacity, which are useful in several instances. For the full-duplex Gaussian case, we show that jamming with Gaussian noise yields rates within at most 0.5 bits per channel use of secrecy capacity. For the half-duplex binary symmetric channel, we show that jamming is strictly suboptimal in certain regimes.
A reduced folate carrier mutation produces substrate-dependent alterations in carrier mobility in murine leukemia cells and methotrexate resistance with conservation of growth in 5-formyltetrahydrofolate.

Abstract With 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) as the folate source a methotrexate (MTX) transport-deficient murine leukemia cell line, L1210-G1a, was isolated after chemical mutagenesis and MTX selection. This cell line was 10-fold resistant to MTX in comparison to parental L1210 cells, yet the EC50 for 5-CHO-THF was increased by a factor of only 2. The initial uptake of MTX, at a concentration of 1 μm, was decreased by a factor of 40, whereas influx of 5-CHO-THF dropped by a factor of only 8. This difference in initial uptake rates was attributed solely to changes in influx V max without a significant change inK m. Whereas the RFC1 mRNA level in L1210-G1a cells was indistinguishable from that of parental L1210 cells, a serine to asparagine substitution was identified at amino acid 46 within the first predicted transmembrane domain. This was a result of a homozygous mutation of G→A in the genome. Transfection of the mutated RFC1 cDNA into MTXrA cells, which lack functional endogenous carrier, resulted in a clonal derivative MTXrA-S46N. The increase in influx of 5-CHO-THF and 5-CH3THF was 5 and 13 times greater than that for MTX in the transfectant, consistent with the influx ratio in the L1210-G1a line. The functional expression of the mutated RFC1 reduced the growth requirement for 5-CHO-THF by a factor of 30, compared with only a 3-fold decrease in the MTX IC50. This represents the first reported RFC1 mutation that confers resistance to MTX due to a markedly impaired influx with relative conservation of reduced folate transport. The kinetic changes are consistent with a substrate-dependent alteration in carrier mobility that favors reduced folates over MTX. These changes may account for the development of MTX resistance due to impaired drug transport in vivo, allowing tumor cells to meet their folate requirement with 5-CH3THF, the predominant blood folate.
Numerical study of pulsatile flow in a constricted channel

Pulsatile flow in a planar channel with a one-sided semicircular constriction has been simulated using direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation. This configuration is intended as a simple model for studying blood flow in a constricted artery. Simulations have been carried out over a range of Reynolds numbers (based on channel height and peak bulk velocity) from 750 to 2000 and a fixed non-dimensional pulsation frequency of 0.024. The results indicate that despite the simplicity of the chosen geometry, the simulated flow exhibits a number of features that have been observed in previous experiments carried out in more realistic configurations. It is found that over the entire Reynolds number range studied here, the flow downstream of the constriction is dominated by the complex dynamics associated with two shear-layers, one of which separates from the lip of the constriction and other from the opposite wall. Computed statistics indicate that for Reynolds numbers higher than about 1000, the flow transitions to turbulence downstream of the region where the separated shear layers first reattach to the channel walls. Large fluctuations in wall pressure and shear stress have also been associated with this reattachment phenomenon. Frequency spectra corresponding to velocity and pressure fluctuations have been analysed in detail and these indicate the presence of a characteristic shear-layer frequency which increases monotonically with Reynolds number. For Reynolds numbers greater than 1000, this frequency is found to be associated with the periodic formation of vortex structures in the shear-layers and the impact of this characteristic shear-layer frequency on the dynamics of the flow is described in detail.
Dose-dependent reduction of tissue loss and functional impairment after spinal cord trauma with the AMPA/kainate antagonist NBQX

Initial studies on the role of glutamate receptors in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) implicated the NMDA subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors in contributing to functional deficits. Recently we obtained evidence suggesting that non-NMDA ionotropic receptors may participate in producing a portion of the behavioral impairment after SCI. To test this hypothesis we have conducted a dose-response experiment, focally injecting 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX; 1.5, 5, or 15 nmol), a highly selective antagonist of alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors, or vehicle alone, into the injury site beginning at 15 min after a standardized contusive SCI. Behavioral tests of hindlimb reflex and coordinated sensorimotor function were performed 1 d after injury and weekly thereafter. At 4 weeks, spinal cord tissue was examined using quantitative histopathological and immunocytochemical techniques. We found a dose-dependent reduction in tissue loss at the thoracic injury site, with greater residual amounts of both gray matter and myelinated white matter. The maximum dose (15 nmol) significantly reduced the average length of the lesions and doubled the area of residual white matter at the epicenter. Serotonin immunoreactivity caudal to the lesion, used as a marker for descending motor control axons, was also increased in a dose-related manner and nearly tripled with the highest dose of NBQX as compared to controls. Most importantly, the reduced tissue loss in NBQX-treated groups was correlated with reduced functional deficits. There was a dose-dependent enhancement of speed and degree of recovery of both reflex and coordinated hindlimb motor activity, and reduction in the time required for establishing a reflex bladder. The long-term functional deficits at 4 weeks after SCI were reduced in a dose-related manner. Further, regression analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between the increase in amount of residual tissue and improvement in hindlimb function. Our results suggest that in this type of incomplete contusive SCI, a large and functionally important proportion of the tissue loss appears to be due to secondary injury mediated by local AMPA/kainate receptors.
Porous polycrystalline silicon: a new material for MEMS

A new technique for the fabrication of thin patterned layers of porous polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) and surface micromachined structures is presented. First, a multilayer structure of polysilicon between two layers of low-stress silicon nitride is prepared on a wafer of silicon. Electrochemical anodization with an external cathode takes place in an RF solution. A window in the outer nitride layer provides contact between the polysilicon and the HF solution; the polysilicon layer contacts the substrate through openings in the lower silicon nitride layer (remote from the upper windows). Porous polysilicon growth in the lateral direction is found at rates as high as 15 /spl mu/m min/sup -1/ in 12M (25%, wgt) HF to be controlled by surface-reaction kinetics. A change in morphology occurs when either the anodic potential is raised or the HF concentration is decreased, causing the polysilicon to be electropolished. The etch front advances proportionally to the square root of time as expected for a mass-transport-controlled process. Similar behavior is observed in HF anodic reactions of single-crystal silicon. Dissolution of the polysilicon layer is confirmed using profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Enclosed cavities (chambers surrounded by porous plugs) are formed by alternating between pore formation and uniform dissolution. Porous polysilicon also forms over a broad-area layer of polycrystalline silicon that has been deposited without overcoating the silicon wafer with a thin film of silicon nitride. The resulting porous layer may be useful for gas-absorption purposes in ultrasonic sensors. >
Cohort estimates of nonmarital fertility for U.S. women.

Historical trends in U.S. nonmarital fertility have been compiled almost exclusively from vital statistics on births. This paper complements this historical record by providing cohort estimates of nonmarital fertility for cohorts of U.S. women spanning approximately 50 years of cohort experience. Life table estimates using retrospective marital and fertility histories in the June 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995 Current Population Surveys reveal nonnegligible levels of nonmarital fertility historically. For women born between 1925 and 1929, nearly 1 in 10 had at least one nonmarital birth by age 30. For women born between 1965 and 1969, more than 1 of 4 had one or more nonmarital births by age 30, with roughly 1 of 5 white, 3 of 5 black, and 1 in 3 Hispanic women having at least one nonmarital birth by age 30. Life table estimates reveal a twofold increase between ages 20 and 30 in the percentage of women with at least one child outside of formal marriage for all cohorts of white and Hispanic women, and an increase of roughly two-thirds for all cohorts of black women. I also document qualitative differences in nonmarital fertility by race/ethnicity, with the percentage of nonmarital births following a divorce or marital separation for white women approximately twice that for black or Hispanic women. Finally, I introduce a new measure, the cohort nonmarital fertility ratio (CNMFR), which provides a cohort complement to the standard period nonmarital fertility ratio. Conservative estimates reveal a roughly threefold increase in the CNMFR for women born from 1925-1929 to 1950-1954 for both whites and blacks, despite substantially higher levels of nonmarital fertility among black women. Overall, these findings reveal surprisingly high levels of nonmarital fertility for women born since the 1920s and confirm that nonmarital fertility has become an increasingly substantial component of overall U.S. fertility
Thinking Outside the Custody Box: Moving Beyond Custody Law to Achieve Shared Parenting and Shared Custody

This article argues that custody law alone cannot achieve shared parenting for many couples at the time of breakup. It suggests that the law should be focused on fostering shared parenting itself rather than implementing stronger shared custody rules. To this end, the article recommends that society focus on legal reform that would encourage supportive and cooperative co-parenting from the get-go by parents with a child in common and that would discourage childbearing by couples incapable or uninterested in such a supportive relationship. This article supplements the argument in the author's book, A Parent-Partner Status for American Family Law (Cambridge University Press 2015).
Twist of Fate for Simple Congenital Heart Defects

We fix congenital heart defects, but the patient is rarely cured. Even successful repair is associated with a finite risk of unfavorable long-term consequences.1,2 This maxim applies broadly to patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with the exception of those with simple defects that were either repaired early or whose defects are thought to be so trivial as to not merit repair. These patients are generally thought to have a normal life expectancy and are counseled accordingly: Consensus guidelines do not recommend regular follow-up in specialty CHD clinics.2 Results from the current article by Videbaek and colleagues in this issue of Circulation suggest we should reconsider this exemption.3 Article see p 474 The authors present long-term outcomes for 1241 Danish patients alive at 15 years of age with an isolated simple congenital heart defect (atrial or ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis) who did not have known comorbidity such as Down syndrome or pulmonary hypertension. Subjects were enrolled between 1963 and 1973 by 1 pediatric cardiologist who visited all Danish clinics caring for such patients. Most patients underwent catheterization to confirm the diagnosis and about a quarter underwent surgical repair. The cohort was followed to a median age of 47.4 years by the use of Danish national records on clinical care and vital status. It is not surprising that these patients were at higher risk for needing cardiac surgery or cardiac morbidity in comparison with a matched population-based sample. What is remarkable is that patients with simple isolated CHD were about twice as likely to die. Those who make a new or controversial claim carry the burden of proof. In this case, most would place that heavy burden on those who would argue that patients with a simple defect appropriately managed early in …
Characteristics of Persons with and without Home Telephones

The advantages of telephone surveys would be negated if telephone subscribers were not representative of total populations, including nonsubscribers. Surprisingly, the literature on this subject is...
Delayed recurrence of acute retinal necrosis (ARN): A case series

Abstract Purpose To report five cases of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) that reactivated in the same eye or presented in the contralateral eye between two and nineteen years after the initial episode of acute retinal necrosis. Cases Five patients with a previous history of ARN developed recurrent ARN infection following a lengthy latency period. In all five patients who initially presented with unilateral disease, four developed infection in the contralateral eye and one developed recurrent infection in the ipsilateral eye. Latency periods ranged from two to nineteen years, and final visual acuity in the affected eyes ranged from 20/30 to no light perception. Each patient was treated with antiviral medication for both the initial infection and for subsequent reactivations, but was not on long-term prophylaxis at the time of recurrent disease. Conclusion Although rare, delayed onset reactivation of ARN can occur in either the same eye or contralateral eye despite adequate treatment. While contralateral spread of initial infection is fairly common, these reactivations rarely occur more than six weeks after initial infection. Currently there are no guidelines for use of prophylactic antiviral medication to prevent late recurrence of ARN.
Comparison of assay procedures used to measure total and unbound concentrations of quinidine.

Individualized quinidine dosing through the assessment of serum concentrations is warranted because of the wide variability observed in its pharmacokinetic behavior and its reported narrow therapeutic index. The free fraction of quinidine also varies widely. Thus the development of procedures that could be widely used to determine quinidine free concentrations would be highly desirable. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate several procedures available to determine total serum quinidine concentrations (rate nephelometry [ICS], homogenous enzyme immunoassay [EMIT], and high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]). Furthermore, in samples from 46 patients, equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration procedures were compared for their ability to estimate quinidine free fraction. Finally, unbound concentrations of quinidine were compared using a modified EMIT procedure and a standard HPLC method to quantitate quinidine in ultrafiltrates from patient samples. For the measurement of total quinidine concentrations, reasonable agreement was seen when EMIT and ICS systems were compared with HPLC (ICS = 1.03.HPLC + 0.96, r = 0.93; EMIT = 1.08.HPLC + 0.38, r = 0.93) The mean errors, however, for these procedures were high (ICS +70 percent, range +7 to +233 percent; EMIT +35 percent, range 0 to 110 percent). Quinidine free fractions (QFF) determined by equilibrium dialysis (E) and ultrafiltration (U) showed good agreement (QFF(U) = 1.11.QFF(E) +0.0; r = 0.96). Unbound quinidine concentration determined by EMIT analysis of ultrafiltrate substantially overestimated the values obtained by HPLC analysis (mean error by EMIT 104 +/- 59 percent). It is concluded that HPLC is the method of choice for determining both total and unbound serum quinidine concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wealth, poverty and climate change

Rich countries must lead the fight against climate change affecting rich and poor in our global village.
Herpesvirus-Specified DNA Polymerase as the Target for Developing Selective ANTIHERPESVIRUS AGENTS

There are five types of her pesvirus associated with a variety of human diseases. These are herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A biochemical characteristic shared by these viruses is the induction of a virus-specified DNA polymerase in infected cells. It is known that this enzyme must be functional for productive infection by HSV-1 and HSV-2 and it is likely that the corresponding DNA polymerases specified by CMV, EBV and VZV are also essential for virus growth. Furthermore, these virus-specified DNA polymerases share some common kinetic properties which differ from DNA polymerases α and β. These include sensitivity to pyrophosphate analogs and behavior toward salt when activity is measured in vitro. These observations suggest that compounds could be developed which selectively inhibit DNA polymerases induced by all types of her pesviruses without affecting cellular DNA polymerases. Such compounds could potentially have a broad spectrum of antiherpetic effect with limited toxicity to the host. Many laboratories, including ours, have been searching for such compounds. Our approach was initiated by comparing the properties of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA polymerases to those of human α and β DNA polymerases, with the aim of finding unique characteristics of the virus replicative enzymes.
Quantile Version of the Spatial AR Model

The analysis up to this point has not been explicitly spatial. Although the explanatory variables might include measures of access to various amenities such as a city’s central business district, parks, or lakes, nothing yet is unique to the analysis of spatial data. Several attempts have been made to adapt the standard spatial autoregressive (AR) model for quantile regression. The studies by Kostov (2009), Liao and Wang (2012), and Zeitz et al. (2008) represent the first attempts to estimate quantile versions of the spatial AR model.
Ultrafast pump-probe and resonance Raman spectroscopic study of excited state electronic coupling in two related hexanuclear charge transfer compounds

Photoinduced multi-electron transfer is reported in two hexanuclear intervalant charge transfer complexes of Pt(IV) and Fe(III). Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, resonance Raman and electrochemical data suggest the degree of excited state electronic coupling is tunable by changing the electronic nature of the bridging ligand.
Ambassadors of the Book: Competences and Training for Heritage Librarians . Edited by Raphaële Mouren. Berlin: De Gruyter Saur, 2012. 195 p. $140.00 (ISBN 9783110301502).

In February of 2012, more than 80 participants from thirteen countries converged at the University of Antwerp for a two-day conference to discuss essential competences for cultural heritage professionals and how these competences can be transmitted through education and training. Ambassadors of the Book is the published compilation of proceedings that emerged from the conference. Providing the perspectives of practitioners as well as educators, the book offers a theoretical approach to the topic that reflects the viewpoints of both groups of stakeholders. The conference was organized in two distinct parts, dedicating the first day to exploring competences and then progressing . . .
Conclusions: Social Fragmentation and Reorganization

This study investigated what happens to human bodies—both culturally and physically—when empires collapse and society must reorganize itself anew. Ancient skeletons were marshaled as the primary unit of analysis to directly reconstruct the lived experiences of people undergoing dramatic sociocultural transformations. In Andahuaylas, a near-hinterland province of the expansive and long-lasting Wari Empire, state collapse and community restructuring variably impacted different groups of people within the general population. While the post-collapse era was largely fraught with violence, want, and deprivation, this challenging milieu provided a crucible for social reorganization, resilience, and indeed, even cutting-edge innovations. Using a comprehensive social bioarchaeological approach based on both fieldwork and lab work, skeletal, artifactual, biogeochemical, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic data were integrated and interpreted within the social, environmental, and archaeological context. This was a tumultuous couple of generations in Andahuaylas; populations witnessed Wari’s imperial twilight and enigmatic disappearance, as well as the formation of the Chanka and Quichua polities, whose schismogenic coalescence emerged from the ashes of America’s earliest empire. This research specifically investigated patterns of post-collapse migration and biological affinity, community organization and mortuary practices, conspicuous bodily modification, variable exposure to, and experiences of, violence, appreciable and heterarchical disparities in local mobility, health and diet, and finally, the maturation of creative and highly technical customs aimed at coping with pressing instabilities and insecurities. These particular domains were assessed because they inform on the subtle mechanisms by which the routinized, ubiquitous and seemingly timeless practices of the everyday genuinely, shrewdly, and significantly factor into the reformulation of social groupings—often in novel or unexpected ways.
Business and Nonbusiness Student Perceptions of Questionable Advertising Practices

This paper reports the findings of a study which identify student ethical evaluation of questionable yet common advertising practices. The results suggest generally that students’ perceptions may not be as negative as reported in earlier studies. There are, however, differences in student perceptions between business and nonbusiness students and between nonbusiness majors who have taken an Introduction to Business course and nonbusiness majors who have not taken such a course.
The First World War and the Unhoming of Europe

Anyone familiar with writings on the First World War will be familiar with the tendency to describe the war in geographical terms, whether as fronts, campaigns, or battlefields. The names in this topographical war narrative — the Western Front, the War in the East, the Somme, Gallipoli — are redolent of European national investments in the war. Other key tropes, such as the home front, no-man’s land, the trench, the lines, behind the lines, HQ, among many such terms, combine with the list of place names to create a map of the war that naturalizes specific national meanings but also becomes the basis for a geography of differences — racial, sexual, and gendered. Such tropes, taken together, render invisible the implications of the war’s colonial stakes. They establish both the war’s significant spaces and the relationship of those spaces to a changing geopolitical order. For most of the twentieth century, war studies relied on the war period’s own topography. But that topography reproduced a nineteenth-century imperial geography and thus needs re-examination. The entwining of these spatial coordinates with the history of the European imperial nation state marks sites such as the Western Front as particularly potent objects of study. Paradoxically, the retelling of Britain’s own war stories needs to begin again with the Western Front, read not as a scene of national trauma, but as an imperial contact zone, with the all-important difference that it is within Europe.
Pseudotumor Cerebri Without Edema

The pathologic findings in two adult patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) who died unexpectedly are reported from the University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.
Use of mushroom tyrosinase to introduce michaelis‐menten enzyme kinetics to biochemistry students

An inexpensive enzyme kinetics laboratory exercise for undergraduate biochemistry students is described utilizing tyrosinase from white button mushrooms. The exercise can be completed in one or two three-hour lab sessions. The optimal amounts of enzyme, substrate (catechol), and inhibitor (kojic acid) are first determined, and then kinetic data is collected in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. A Microsoft Excel template is used to plot the data and to fit the Michaelis-Menten equation to the data to determine the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km . The exercise is designed to clarify and reinforce concepts covered in an accompanying biochemistry lecture course. It has been used with positive results in an upper-level biochemistry laboratory course for junior/senior students majoring in chemistry or biology. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):270-276, 2017.
Evidence of Objective Memory Impairments in Deployed Gulf War Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite the fact that many veterans returned from the 1991 Gulf War (GW) with complaints of memory difficulties, most neuropsychological studies to date have found little evidence of a correspondence between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in GW veterans. However, if GW veterans complain about memory problems, it is likely that they experience memory problems in their daily lives. In this respect, it is notable that the past studies that have investigated the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in GW veterans used composite measures to quantify subjective complaints and batteries of neuropsychological tests that assessed multiple domains to objectively measure cognitive function. The study's focus on memory was motivated by the suggestive evidence that subjective memory complaint may be a harbinger of further cognitive decline and increased risk for dementia. Materials and Methods: This study examined the association b...
Understory Plant Community Responses to Fuel-Reduction Treatments and Seeding in an Upland Piñon-Juniper Woodland

Abstract Woody plant expansion and infilling into nonwooded rangeland ecosystems have been observed worldwide. Such expansion may lead to declines in herbaceous understory plant communities and increased fuel loads in rangelands. Under the US National Fire Plan, fuel-reduction treatments have been implemented over vast expanses of western forest types to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire and restore historical ecosystem structure, function, and diversity. The benefits of fuel-reduction may, however, also carry inherent ecological risk such as promoting non-native species colonization. Here, we compare understory plant community responses to three commonly used fuel-reduction treatments with seeding applications in an upland pinon (Pinus edulis Engelm.)–juniper (Juniperus osteosperma [Torr.] Little) woodland on the Colorado Plateau: 1) mechanical mastication, 2) lop and slash piled then burned (pile burn), and 3) lop and scatter followed by a broadcast burn (broadcast burn). Data were collected pretreatment (2009) and one (2010), two (2011), and six (2015) growing seasons post treatment. We found while understory perennial herbaceous plant cover remained low 1 and 2 yr post treatment, it increased by > 700% in all fuel-reduction treatment plots six growing seasons post treatment. Furthermore, while we observed minor increases in invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass), colonization in 2010 and 2011, there were substantial increases in B. tectorum cover by 2015. B. tectorum cover varied among treatments with the greatest cover in the unseeded mastication plot at nearly 30%. Seeding applications did not increase overall seed mix species cover but enhanced seed mix species richness and, thus, may have increased resistance to B. tectorum invasion in seeded treatment plots. Our findings offer valuable insights to the ecological consequences of fuel-reduction activities in pinon-juniper woodlands through comparison of common fuel-reduction treatments and seeding applications and highlight differences in understory plant community responses to treatments across short to longer time scales.
Spectacles of Power and the Power of Spectacles

This chapter focuses on three historical cases of the development and deployment of spectacles from fundamentally different sources of social power. The first involves turning the creation and dissemination of printed materials, a practice largely limited to a small religious and academic class, into a battleground over the legitimacy of particular religious teachings and the political powers entwined with them. The second case involves how supposedly secularizing countries use spectacles with religious themes that have lives of their own. The third case involves a ruler who seized power and used spectacle to bolster both the legitimacy of her own reign and the standing of her country.
Using the Blended Learning Approach in a Quantitative Literacy Course

The efforts to improve the quantitative reasoning (quantitative literacy) skills of college students in the United States have been gaining momentum in recent years. At the same time, the blended l...
A model of religious involvement, family processes, self-control, and juvenile delinquency in two-parent families

Family processes, adolescent religious involvement, and self-control may serve as important mechanisms that mediate the relationship between parental religious involvement and delinquency. However, at present no study has systematically investigated the relationships among these factors and how these mediating mechanisms work. To address this gap, path analyses are conducted to test the hypothesized pathways whereby parental religious involvement operates to discourage delinquent behaviors of offspring. The study variables are taken from three waves of the study of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and its descendent NLSY79 Child and Young Adults at two year intervals (2000, 2002, and 2004). 1020 American adolescents who are 10-14 years old in 2002 are selected for final analyses. The findings suggest that parental religious involvement does not affect adolescent delinquency four years later directly, but indirectly through its influence on adolescent religious involvement, parenting practices, inter-parental conflict, and their interactions with adolescent self-control.
Roles of coercivity and remanent flux density of permanent magnet in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) performance for electric vehicle applications

We used four rotor topologies of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to investigate the effects of remanent flux density (Br) and coercivity (Hc) of permanent magnet on motor performance. Commercial strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19: energy product, (BH)max, of 4.62 MGOe) and Nd-Fe-B ((BH)max of 38.2 MGOe) magnets were used for the rotor designs. The same machine specifications and magnet volume keep constant, while the Hc and Br vary to calculate torque and energy efficiency with the finite-element analysis. A combination of high Hc and low Br more effectively increased maximum torque of IPMSM when the hexaferrite magnet was used. For Nd-Fe-B magnet, the same combination did not affect maximum torque, but increased energy efficiency at high speed. Therefore, the Hc value of a permanent magnet is more effective than the Br in producing high maximum torque for SrM-magnet based IPMSM and high energy efficiency at high speed for Nd-Fe-B magnet based IPMSM.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Pathophysiology. Pyloric stenosis is a condition of infants characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. The pylorus does not relax normally, resulting in a gastric outlet obstruction. The etiology of pyloric stenosis is not known with certainty but it may be secondary to a local deficiency of nitric oxide.
Scripting and Programming

The web is primarily focused on delivering content of various types using standardized transport mechanisms and data types. As a generalization of this architecture, there are also a number of technologies for defining active components, such as scripts and programs. The most widespread technology in this area is Dynamic HTML (DHTML), which uses a scripting language to add active functionality to otherwise passive HTML pages. In most cases, these actions are used to trigger some actions (ie, script portions) upon certain user actions such as mouse movements and button clicks. Scripting languages are discussed in section 8.1.
Schlichtman, Patch, and Hill: Gentrifier

Most published research on gentrification is grounded in empirical techniques, including surveys, analysis of data sets, or qualitative case studies. Not so for Gentrifier. The coauthors, universit...
Securing Your ICS Software with the AttackSurface Host Analyzer (AHA)

Implementing a secure development lifecycle (SDL) presents increasing challenges to software developers as they must ensure software correctly integrates both underlying operating system security features while also managing dependencies on third-party libraries or executables. There are a growing number of security functions that require a close integration between the OS security features and software builds to ensure strong protection. Furthermore, as software platforms grow in complexity, they present many opportunities for misconfigurations and inadequate defenses. This challenge is especially prevalent for industrial control systems (ICS), which oten depend on both legacy sotware platforms, or out of date operating systems. This paper presents the AttackSurface Host Analyzer (AHA) tool, which is used to assess the security of a software platform through its integration with a host operating system. The tool collects data from the various platforms running on an OS, evaluates an array of security properties, and then introduces metrics and visualizations to provide feedback on the system's attack surface based on the external interconnections and the completeness of the available security protections. The paper then explores the attack surface of a variety of industry-standard ICS platforms to provide insight into the current degree of protection enabled by them.
Foresight Training: Moving from Design to Evaluation:

The futures field has witnessed a rise in foresight training for government and business leaders. How should participants judge the quality of foresight training they receive? This article reviews ...
Inverse of some matrix related to double zeta values of odd weight

Abstract In this paper, we give a proof of a conjecture made by Zagier in [4] about the inverse of some matrix related to double zeta values of parity ( even , odd ) . As a result, we obtain a family of Bernoulli number identities. We further generalize this family to a more general setting involving binomial coefficients of negative arguments.
Business improvement districts in the United States: Private government and public consequences, by Abraham Unger

This book examines how business improvement districts (BIDs), public–private partnerships between commercial property owners and municipalities, have assisted the revitalization of downtowns and ot...