cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparing secondary teacher candidates to teach academic English

In this qualitative study, mainstream teacher candidates in a secondary teacher education program were asked to incorporate academic English instruction into their lesson planning and implementation in fieldwork placement classrooms. Teacher candidates attended a training session in which one method for identifying academic English features was taught. Artifacts, classroom observations, and interviews from four teacher candidates were analyzed to determine what features of academic English were identified and how these were taught to high school students. While all four teacher candidates accurately identified features of academic English in their lessons, only two participants taught features of academic English to students. The experiences of the participants illustrated that teacher candidates need, in addition to the ability to identify features of academic English, knowledge about how to teach language, a commitment to teaching language in their lessons, and the support of university supervisors and supervising practitioners who possess the same knowledge and commitment.
Free-Homomorphic Relations Induced by Certain Free Semicircular Families

Starting from a given countable and mutually orthogonal system of projections in Hilbert space, we give a construction of an induced maximal free semicircular noncommutative ∗-probability space \({\mathbb {L}}_{Q}\). Harmonic analysis with the use of this new Banach ∗-probability space \( {\mathbb {L}}_{Q}\) is studied. In particular, we concentrate on studying free-homomorphic relations of free-probabilistic sub-structures of \({\mathbb {L}} _{Q}.\)
Foreword - LatCrit Praxis @XX: Toward Equal Justice in Law, Education and Society

This article marks the twentieth anniversary of Latina and Latino Critical Legal Theory or the LatCrit organization, an association of diverse scholars committed to the production of knowledge from the perspective of Outsider or OutCrit jurisprudence. The article first reflects on the historical development of LatCrit’s substantive, methodological, and institutional commitments and practices. It argues that these traditions were shaped not only by its members’ goals and commitments but also by the politics of backlash present at its birth in the form of the “cultural wars,” and which have since morphed into perpetual “crises” grounded in neoliberal policies. With this background, the article turns to the current foundations for the future intergenerational transmission of the LatCrit mission and outlines a number of potential future challenges. It concludes with a description of the symposium essays written primarily by a new generation of LatCrit scholars, both the potential inheritors and creators of current and future substantive, methodological and institutional LatCrit practices.
Prediction of alkaline pulping yield: equation derivation and validation

A method is described which allows prediction of alkaline pulp yield. It is based on an equation which relates the pulp yield to the cellulose content and cellulose degree of polymerization of the alkaline pulp. From the slope and intercept of this linear equation, the lignin-free pulp yield, $${\text{Y}}_{\text{T}}^{{\prime }}$$ , of a pulp sample can be calculated when the lignin-free cellulose content ( $${\text{G}}^{{\prime }}$$ ) and the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP) of the pulp fiber are determined by sugar analysis and viscosimetry, respectively. In this paper the yield prediction equation is derived and validated using model celluloses and hemicelluloses. As part of the yield prediction method, a new equation was developed which corrects the cellulose degree of polymerisation obtained from the pulp intrinsic viscosity for the hemicellulose content of the pulp. The approach was successfully validated by cooking of cotton at different temperatures (160–180 °C), alkalinities (1.30–2.60 mol/L, the equivalent to an effective alkali (as Na2O) charge of 12–24 % at a L/W ratio of 4.0 L/kg), sulfidities (15 and 30 %) and anthraquinone charges (0, 0.05 and 0.1 %). The cellulose protecting effect of AQ was confirmed by the lower number of glucose units removed by alkaline peeling compared to that removed during conventional alkaline or kraft cooking.
The influence of predation and competition on the survival of commensal and pathogenic fecal bacteria in aquatic habitats.

Summary The role of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in water quality assessment is to provide a warning of the increased risk of pathogen presence. An effective surrogate for waterborne pathogens would have similar survival characteristics in aquatic environments. Although the effect of abiotic factors such as sunlight and salinity on the survival of FIB and pathogens are becoming better understood, the effect of the indigenous microbiota is not well characterized. The influence of biotic factors on the survival of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. coli O157:H7 were compared in fresh (river) water and sediments over 5 days. Treatments were (i) disinfection (filtration of water and baking of sediments) to remove indigenous protozoa (predators) and bacteria (competitors), and (ii) kanamycin treatment to reduce competition from indigenous bacteria. The disinfection treatment significantly increased survival of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Ent. faecalis in the water column. In sediments, survival of FIB but not that of E. coli O157:H7 increased in disinfected treatments, indicating that the pathogen's survival was unaffected by the natural microbiota. Location (water or sediment) influenced bacterial survival more than species/type in the disinfection experiment. In the competition experiments where only the natural bacterial flora was manipulated, the addition of kanamycin did not affect the survival of Ent. faecalis, but resulted in greater survival of E. coli in water and sediment. Species/type influenced survival more than the level of competition in this experiment. This study demonstrates the complexity of interactions of FIB and pathogens with indigenous microbiota and location in aquatic habitats, and argues against over-generalizing conclusions derived from experiments restricted to a particular organism or habitat.
Use of zeta potential measurements in catalyst preparation

Abstract We illustrate two applications where zeta potential measurements have provided useful information for catalyst preparations. In the first case, we decribe how maximizing the electrostatic attraction between the active complex in an impregnating solution and the support leads to smaller metal particles upon reduction. This approach allowed synthesis of small platinum crystallites on a yttria-modifed amorphous silica-alumina support. The yttrium oxide not only titrates some acid sites but it provides more positively charged surface regions (at a given solution pH) on the support that better disperse the anionic chloroplatinate anion and the subsequently formed Pt crystallites. In the second application, we studied the attrition resistance of FCC (fluid cat cracking) catalysts, ∼70 micron spray dried particles formed from micron-sized USY (ultrastable Y) zeolite crystals and submicron sol particles. The attrition is minimized when the larger zeolite particles are uncharged while the submicron-sized sol particles are highly charged. The results suggest that the stable colloid formed from nanocrystalline haloing provides an optimized dried and calcined agglomerate.
High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar photovoltaic energy storage

A hydrogen-oxygen regenerative fuel cell (RFC) energy storage system based on high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is described. The reactants are stored as gases in lightweight insulated pressure vessels. The product water is stored as a liquid in saturated equilibrium with the fuel gas. The system functions as a secondary battery and is applicable to darkside energy storage for solar photovoltaics.
Interactions among Parasites of the Larch Casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in Northern Idaho

Over 4,000 hymenopteran parasites were examined from mass rearings and dissection of overwintering, spring-feeding, and pupating larch casebearer collected from northern Idaho. These comprised 16 species, of which only two, Agathis pumila (Ratz.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Chrisocharis laricinellae (Ratz.) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were introduced species. Abundant native parasites were Mesopolobus verditer (Norton) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), and Tetrasticus coerulescens Ashm. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Seasonal emergence patterns and observations of hyperparasitic behavior suggest strong competitive interactions among these five species. Nonetheless, overall parasitism of larch casebearer seems to be higher where both introduced parasite species are present.
Maternal pre-eclampsia is associated with childhood epilepsy in South Carolina children insured by Medicaid.

Abstract Objective We examined the association between maternal pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE) and childhood epilepsy. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked maternal–child billing data for Medicaid births in South Carolina from 1996 through 2002, with follow-up billing data for children through December 2008. Women with PE (exposed) and children with epilepsy (outcome) were identified using ICD-9 codes. Non-singleton births, children with documented conditions known to cause abnormal brain development, and children who neither remained in Medicaid until age 6 nor were diagnosed with epilepsy were excluded. Results Of 95,450 mother–child pairs in the final cohort, 5460 mothers were diagnosed with PE (5.7%) and 1106 children had the outcome of epilepsy (1.2%). After controlling for potential confounders, PE was significantly associated with risk of epilepsy (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17–1.82). The increased risk of epilepsy was observed only among full-term infants, and for this subgroup, late PE (first diagnosed after 37 weeks of gestation) was significantly associated with epilepsy (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21–2.16). The association between PE and epilepsy was particularly strong for children with focal epilepsy. Conclusion Pre-eclampsia is associated with childhood epilepsy. Additional research is needed to identify potential mechanisms for the association.
Multi-shot Re-identification with Random-Projection-Based Random Forests

Human re-identification remains one of the fundamental, difficult problems in video surveillance and analysis. Current metric learning algorithms mainly focus on finding an optimized vector space such that observations of the same person in this space have a smaller distance than observations of two different people. In this paper, we propose a novel metric learning approach to the human reidentification problem, with an emphasis on the multi-shot scenario. First, we perform dimensionality reduction on image feature vectors through random projection. Next, a random forest is trained based on pair wise constraints in the projected subspace. This procedure repeats with a number of random projection bases, so that a series of random forests are trained in various feature subspaces. Finally, we select personalized random forests for each subject using their multi-shot appearances. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm on three benchmark datasets.
Anti‐racial agitation as a campaign device: James K. Vardaman in the Mississippi gubernatorial campaign of 1903

Summary Although Vardaman was a man of great personal attraction and possessed of a rare gift of persuasion, his popularity was made possible by the general predisposing factors of a smoldering racial antagonism rekindled by certain acts of President Roosevelt and by the political awakening of the poor whites. He was a spellbinder and not a constructive builder; his basic premises were rooted in unstable mass prejudices and were deficient in logical proof. He betrayed the weakness of his proposals by his reluctance to meet other contestants in joint debate; when forced by circumstances or public pressure into verbal encounters, he exhibited but little argumentative technique. In brief, Vardaman's rhetorical skill lay chiefly in his ability to capitalize upon the emotions of the hour and to meet the unlettered rural whites on their own level with fiery, emotional orations.
Activated-ion electron transfer dissociation improves the ability of electron transfer dissociation to identify peptides in a complex mixture.

Using a modified electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-enabled quadrupole linear ion trap (QLT) mass spectrometer, we demonstrate the utility of IR activation concomitant with ETD ion−ion reactions ...
Depressed mood and its relationship to neuropsychological test performance in HIV-1 seropositive individuals

The relationship between depression and neuropsychological test performance in HIV-1 seropositive individuals is unclear. The present study was conducted to determine whether different patterns of neuropsychological test performance would be present in depressed vs. nondepressed individuals infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). It was hypothesized that subjects evidencing depressed mood would demonstrate greater difficulty on measures of neuropsychological function. The subjects were 54 mostly symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive homosexual/bisexual males aged 20 to 60. A neuropsychological test battery together with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to all subjects. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship only between scores on the BDI and the Grooved Pegboard test and Trial 6 of the RAVLT. Subjects were then dichotomized using the BDI into high-BDI (M = 28.9) and low-BDI (M = 6.3) groups. Analysis of variance failed to reveal significant group differences between the depressed vs. the non-depressed groups on the neuropsychological measures despite their marked separation on the BDI. Similarly, examination of individual neuropsychological outliers again failed to demonstrate an increased number of outliers in the high- and low-BDI groups. These results suggest that the presence of clinically significant levels of depression in a non-elderly HIV-1 seropositive sample does not necessarily lead to significant neuropsychological dysfunction.
Microsecond Scale Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging by Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.

Real-time vibrational spectroscopic imaging is desired for monitoring cellular states and cellular processes in a label-free manner. Raman spectroscopic imaging of highly dynamic systems is inhibited by relatively slow spectral acquisition on millisecond to second scale. Here, we report microsecond scale vibrational spectroscopic imaging by lock-in free parallel detection of spectrally dispersed stimulated Raman scattering signal. Using a homebuilt tuned amplifier array, our method enables Raman spectral acquisition, within the window defined by the broadband pulse, at the speed of 32 µs and with close to shot-noise limited detection sensitivity. Incorporated with multivariate curve resolution analysis, our platform allows compositional mapping of lipid droplets in single live cells, observation of intracellular retinoid metabolism, discrimination of fat droplets from protein-rich organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans, spectral detection of fast flowing tumor cells and monitoring drug diffusion through skin tissue in vivo. The reported technique opens new opportunities for compositional analysis of cellular compartment in a microscope setting and high-throughput spectral profiling of single cells in a flow cytometer setting. Vibrational spectroscopic imaging on a microsecond time scale has been realized using multiplex Raman microscopy. Real-time vibrational spectroscopic imaging holds out the promise of enabling cellular processes to be monitored without labeling, but this has been difficult to achieve because of the long acquisition times needed. Now, researchers at Purdue University in the USA have realized vibrational spectroscopic imaging by parallel detection of a spectrally dispersed stimulated Raman signal. Using a homemade system, they acquired Raman spectra in 32 microseconds with a detection sensitivity that is nearly shot-noise limited. The scientists illustrate the potential of the technique by using it to obtain compositional maps of lipid droplets in living single cells, observe intracellular retinoid metabolism, and discriminate between fat droplets and protein-rich organelles in a nematode.
X-WING: A high-speed wireless broadcasting framework for IEEE 802.11 networks

Rate adaptation is a MAC-layer mechanism in IEEE 802.11 networks that ensures efficient utilization of constantly varying wireless channel. For broadcast communication, however, the current practice is to send data at base rates (i.e., 1 or 2 Mbps in 802.11b/b+g and 6Mbps in 802.11a/g), leaving the channel capacity significantly underutilized. In this paper, we present a practical rate adaptation framework designed for broadcasting of streaming data to improve the channel utilization of 802.11 networks. The proposed framework jointly selects the data rate and the error protection level of FEC in a novel manner, and does not require changes to either existent applications or to the 802.11 standards - thus can be deployed in existing 802.11 networks. Using the performance measurement study in various live networking environments, we show that the proposed scheme provides substantial improvement in wireless channel utilization (more than 10x improvement compared to the current broadcast mode) and can adapt to different operational environments.
A Methodology for Simulations of Complex Turbulent Flows

A new flow simulation methodology (FSM) for computing turbulent shear flows is presented. The development of FSM was initiated in close collaboration with C. Speziale (then at Boston University). The centerpiece of FSM is a strategy to provide the proper amount of modeling of the subgrid scales. The strategy is implemented by use of a contribution function which is dependent on the local and instantaneous physical resolution in the computation. This physical resolution is obtained during the actual simulation by comparing the size of the smallest relevant scales to the local grid size used in the computation. The contribution function is designed such that it provides no modeling if the computation is locally well resolved so that the computation approaches a direct numerical simulation in the fine grid limit, or provides modeling of all scales in the coarse grid limit and thus approaches an unsteady RANS calculation. In between these resolution limits, the contribution function adjusts the necessary modeling for the unresolved scales while the larger (resolved) scales are computed as in traditional large-eddy simulations (LES)
How Well Do People Play a Quantum Prisoner's Dilemma?

Game theory suggests quantum information processing technologies could provide useful new economic mechanisms. For example, using shared entangled quantum states can alter incentives so as to reduce the free-rider problem inherent in economic contexts such as public goods provisioning. However, game theory assumes players understand fully the consequences of manipulating quantum states and are rational. Its predictions do not always describe human behavior accurately. To evaluate the potential practicality of quantum economic mechanisms, we experimentally tested how people play the quantum version of the prisoner's dilemma game in a laboratory setting using a simulated version of the underlying quantum physics. Even without formal training in quantum mechanics, people nearly achieve the payoffs theory predicts, but do not use mixed-strategy Nash equilibria predicted by game theory. Moreover, this correspondence with game theory for the quantum game is closer than that of the classical game.
How Are Architects Made

For all you readers who want the inside dope on how to be an architect, you've come to the right place. Here's a real-life story of the evolution of an E2E architect who has shared her lessons learned with us. There's clear insight here. She describes her realization that it's not just about knowledge of the domain or technical skill, but also about communication and learning. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/_RujP0FIjhY is an audio podcast in which Bett Correa and Russ Miller discuss contextual design (CD), a user-centered design process created by Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt. CD helps software architects and developers better connect with the needs of their users and enables them to more easily "re-imagine" the solution they create for users.
Wet Braking Traction Validation

Abstract This report presents comparative wet traction data on a sample of tires from locked wheel tests run by the Safety Research Laboratory of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in order to develop a data base for establishing traction standards. Identical tests were run on three surfaces at the Texas Transportation Institute and on two surfaces at the Uniform Tire Quality Grading Treadwear and Traction Test Facility, Goodfellow Air Force Base. The precision of these results demonstrates the feasibility of (1) using a two‐wheeled skid trailer for locked wheel tire traction grading and (2) constructing surfaces which will remain stable for the purpose of traction testing.
Inhomogeneous Electron Gas

This work is a generalization of the Hohenberg---Kohn---Sham theory of the inhomogeneous electron gas, with emphasis on spin effects. An argument based on quantum electrodynamics is used to express the ground-state energy of a system of interacting electrons as a functional of the current density. Expressions are derived for coefficients appearing in an expansion of the correlation functional in terms of the linear-response functions of the homogeneous system, for a gas of almost constant four-current density. The current density contains a spin-dependent term which leads, in the nonrelativistic limit, to a local potential which is also spin dependent. This potential is applied to the problems of spin splitting of energy bands in ferromagnets and spin-density-wave antiferromagnets. The relations between the present approach, that of Slater, and the collective electron theory of ferromagnetism of Stoner are described.
Why Did the Whigs Die (and Why Didn't the Democrats)?: Evidence from National Nominating Conventions

Institutional survival can be a concern for any organization, but for long-standing and well-established institutions such as major political parties survival is usually taken for granted. When a party suffers crushing defeat in a national election, alarmist journalists may attract attention with head-lines suggesting its imminent demise, but not since the Civil War has the viability of the Democrats and Republicans been seriously in question. Therefore, the conditions under which a major party maintains itself has not been a focus of scholarship regarding American political parties.
Energetics of brannerite-type solid solutions: The system MnV2O6LiMoVO6Mo2O6

Abstract Brannerite-type solid solutions in the system MnV2O6LiMoVO6Mo2O6 (MnLiф) were studied by high-temperature drop-solution calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Enthalpies of mixing, referred to brannerite standard states, are ΔHmix = y(1 − y)(24.8 − 51.7y) kJ/mole for (1 − y)MnV2O6 - yLiMnVO6 (MnLi) and ΔHmix = 23.4x(1 − x) for (1 − x) MnV 2 O 6 - x Mo 2 O 6 ( Mn ф) . A fit to all the data simultaneously (the two joins above, three ternary points, and one point along Liф) gives values similar to those above for ΔHmix(MnLi) and ΔH mix ( Mn ф) while suggesting a negative heat of mixing along the Liф binary and negligible ternary excess terms. Parameters for the transformation of Mo2O6 from the MoO3 structure to the hypothetical brannerite structure are estimated to be: ΔH = 10.0 kJ/mole Mo2O6, ΔV° = 7.65 cm3/mole. Both the MnV2O6LiMoVO6 system studied here and the MgV2O6LiMoVO6 system studied previously show positive heats of mixing at MnV2O6- or MgV2O6-rich compositions and negative heats of mixing at LiMoVO6-rich compositions. In each case, a linear correlation of the enthalpy interaction parameter, λH, and the volume interaction parameter, λV, is observed. Both systems show that positive heats of mixing correlate with negative volumes of mixing and negative heats of mixing correlate with positive volumes of mixing, but the MgLi correlation has a steeper slope than that for MnLi. This rather unusual but systematic behavior thus persists in several systems with brannerite structure.
Super Riemann surfaces: uniformization and Teichmüller theory

Teichmuller theory for super Riemann surfaces is rigorously developed using the supermanifold theory of Rogers. In the case of trivial topology in the soul directions, relevant for superstring applications, the following results are proven. The super Teichmuller space is a complex super-orbifold whose body is the ordinary Teichmuller space of the associated Riemann surfaces with spin structure. For genusg>1 it has 3g-3 complex even and 2g-2 complex odd dimensions. The super modular group which reduces super Teichmuller space to super moduli space is the ordinary modular group; there are no new discrete modular transformations in the odd directions. The boundary of super Teichmuller space contains not only super Riemann surfaces with pinched bodies, but Rogers supermanifolds having nontrivial topology in the odd dimensions as well. We also prove the uniformization theorem for super Riemann surfaces and discuss their representation by discrete supergroups of Fuchsian and Schottky type and by Beltrami differentials. Finally we present partial results for the more difficult problem of classifying super Riemann surfaces of arbitrary topology.
Congenital malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor: prenatal ultrasound findings.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital cancer is rare, and metastatic cancer of the infant at birth is even more unusual. Pregnancy management may be altered if fetal tumors are detected by prenatal ultrasound. CASE: We present a 29-week gestation with polyhydramnios and a fetus with a congenital malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor on the left neck and chest with generalized metastases. Cytogenetic analysis of the tumor cells revealed a trisomy 7. CONCLUSION: Prenatal ultrasound permits in utero detection of fetal tumors and identification of complications.
Response of elastic and inelastic structures with damping systems to near-field and soft-soil ground motions

The effect of near-field and soft-soil ground motions on structures with viscous damping systems was examined. Damping modification factors for damping ratios up to 100% of critical were obtained for sets of near-field and soft-soil ground motions and compared to the values presented in 2000 NEHRP Recommended Provisions. A study was carried out for the ductility demand in structures without and with damping systems, where the damped buildings were designed for a smaller base shear than conventional buildings in accordance with the 2000 NEHRP Provisions. Nonlinear response-history and simplified methods of the 2000 NEHRP Provisions were used to analyze single-degree-of-freedom systems and three-story moment frames with linear viscous and nonlinear viscous damping systems to acquire knowledge on the influence of near-field and soft-soil ground motions on the accuracy of simplified methods of analysis.
Random local temporal structure of category fluency responses

The Category Fluency Test (CFT) provides a sensitive measurement of cognitive capabilities in humans related to retrieval from semantic memory. In particular, it is widely used to assess progress of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia. Previous research shows that, in the first approximation, the intensity of tested individuals' responses within a standard 60-s test period decays exponentially with time, with faster decay rates for more cognitively impaired patients. Such decay rate can then be viewed as a global (macro) diagnostic parameter of each test. In the present paper we focus on the statistical properties of the properly de-trended time intervals between consecutive responses (inter-call times) in the Category Fluency Test. In a sense, those properties reflect the local (micro) structure of the response generation process. We find that a good approximation for the distribution of the de-trended inter-call times is provided by the Weibull Distribution, a probability distribution that appears naturally in this context as a distribution of a minimum of independent random quantities and is the standard tool in industrial reliability theory. This insight leads us to a new interpretation of the concept of "navigating a semantic space" via patient responses.
Functional analysis of the promoter and first intron of the human lysyl oxidase gene.

Alterations in the synthesis and activity of lysyl oxidase occur concomitant with developmental changes in collagen and elastin deposition and with the pathogenesis of several acquired and heritable connective tissue disorders. To begin to unravel the mechanisms that control lysyloxidase gene expression, we have previously reported the complete exon-intron structure of the human lysyl oxidase gene. We have now sequenced this entire gene, including all six introns and 4 kb of DNA 5′ of exon 1. Analysis of over 13 kb of intervening sequence and 5′ flanking sequence revealed a concentration of conserved consensus sequence elements within the first intron and 1 kb immediately 5′ of exon 1. Analysis of intron 1 and the 5′ flanking domain, using recombinant plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene, identified functional DNA sequence elements within these non-coding domains responsible for inhibition and up-regulation of CAT activity in primary cultures of human skin fibroblasts, in smooth muscle cells, revertant cells derived from an osteosarcoma cell line and malignant c-Ha-ras-transformed osteosarcoma cells. DNA sequence elements within intron 1, in particular, resulted in a marked increase in CAT reporter activity in cultured fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and osteosarcoma cells. In c-Ha-ras-transformed osteosarcoma cells, however, no such enhancer activity of intron 1 sequence was observed. Ras-transformed osteosarcoma cells exhibited reduced steady-state levels of lysyl oxidase mRNA that was primarily controlled through reduced transcription of the lysyl oxidase gene. The lack of any up-regulation of CAT activity in these ras-transformed cells by sequence elements within intron 1 suggests a complex interaction between cis-acting domains and trans-acting transcriptional factors in the 5′ promoter domain and the first intron of the lysyl oxidase gene.
A new concept for generating three-phase sine wave voltages with semiconductor power switches

A rational method for using switching circuits to produce precision three-phase sine wave power from dc or ac power sources has been developed. A three-phase sine wave format is considered to be composed of voltage segments consisting of stepped waves and square waves generated by separate circuits and combined on a threephase line to produce voltage waveforms with a total harmonic content of 4% prior to filtering. The stepped portions of the wave, called X and Y functions, are generated by a tapped autotransformer and appropriate switches. Only about 20% of the power is generated in the form of steps. A simple circuit that generates a square wave voltage called the "center" function, handles more than 80% of the inverter power. The inverter has the following characteristics: high input power factor (typically 0.9 to 0.95); low output impedance; can energize nonlinear loads without significant change in total harmonic content; and easy to parallel because of low energy storage in the output filter. The inverter has an efficiency of 88-93% and weighs about 120 lb (breadboard). Power rating is 10 k W with 200% overload capacity and output frequency is 60 or 400 Hz.
Characterization of the epoxide hydrolase NcsF2 from the neocarzinostatin biosynthetic gene cluster.

Neocarzinostatin (1) biosynthesis is proposed to involve a vicinal diol intermediate. It is reported that NcsF2, one of two epoxide hydrolases encoded by the NCS gene cluster, catalyzes regiospecific addition of H2O to C-2 of both (R)- and (S)-styrene oxides to afford (R)- and (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediols, respectively, supporting its proposed role in 1 biosynthesis. (R)-1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (87% yield and 99% ee) was obtained from (±)-styrene oxide hydrolysis by cocatalysis using NcsF2 and SgcF, the complementary epoxide hydrolase from the C-1027 biosynthetic pathway.
Progressive Education and the Black College.

When the authors began to study the phenomenon of progressive education, they were confronted by the conspicuous absence of material on this subject in Black education-particularly Black colleges. A survey of the major Progressive Education Association journal, Progressive Education, provided only a few articles that focused on progressive education and Black schools and dealt with the issue mainly in terms of experimental human relations courses in white institutions. Moreover, Lawrence Cremin's (1964) work, The Transformation of the School. Progressivism in American Education, does not discuss progressive education in relation to Black institutions. After reviewing other works and encountering similar results, one author asked Dr. William Kornegay (Professor of Cultural Foundation of Education, University of Massachusetts) for references on progressive education in Black colleges. His initial response was, "Oh, to my knowledge, there wasn't any in Black colleges."
Encouraging safe medication disposal through student pharmacist intervention.

Abstract Objectives To (1) determine the public's current method of medication disposal, (2) identify the public's knowledge of the environmental impact of inappropriate medication disposal, (3) determine whether student-facilitated education improves the public's awareness of safe medication disposal, and (4) determine whether the public recognizes student pharmacists as a public health information resource for issues such as safe disposal of medications. Design Cross sectional. Setting Albany, NY, pharmacies during August and September 2009. Participants 242 patrons at 13 Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Community Pharmacy Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (CPAPPE) sites (2 mass merchandiser, 5 community chain, and 6 grocery store pharmacies). Intervention Nine-question baseline and five-question postintervention anonymous surveys were administered to a convenience sample of store patrons 18 years of age or older. Main outcome measures Medication disposal practices before and after education, beliefs on the environmental importance of inappropriate disposal practices, and perceptions of student pharmacists as sources of information. Results Students from CPAPPE sites completed 242 educational interventions. Respondents were primarily women (72%). At baseline, 12.8% of patients disposed of medication appropriately. Respondents frequently flushed medications down the toilet (27.2%) or incorrectly dumped medications in the trash (34.6%). Only 30.9% had received previous advice on safe medication disposal. Posteducation survey results indicated that 80.1% of respondents were willing to change their disposal methods. Increased numbers of respondents viewed inappropriate medication disposal as a moderate to substantial problem (from 57.2% preeducation to 83.9% posteducation). Of participants, 59.7% strongly agreed that student pharmacists were a good resource for information on safe medication disposal. Conclusion Additional public education on safe medication disposal is needed. Student pharmacists produced positive outcomes toward reducing this environmental and potential public health risk.
Ovarian hormones and the duration of sexual receptivity in the female golden hamster.

Abstract The induction of sexual receptivity and its maintenance after copulation in ovariectomized female golden hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) was found to be a function of the levels of ovarian hormones administered. Various combinations of estradiol benzoate (between 0.6 and 666 μg) and progesterone (between 0.05 and 5.0 mg) were administered in two experiments. Although some animals responded at 0.6 μg, higher levels of estradiol benzoate (1–6 μg or more) were more effective in inducing levels of lordosis equivalent to those seen in intact females in natural estrus. After mating, a depression in lordosis was observed in both ovariectomized and intact females. However, in ovariectomized females (excluding animals that did not respond initially) the duration of postcopulatory receptivity was a function of the level of progesterone administered. High levels of progesterone tended to prolong slightly the duration of postcopulatory receptivity.
Noncontiguous Pattern Containment in Binary Trees

We consider the enumeration of binary trees containing noncontiguous binary tree patterns. First, we show that any two -leaf binary trees are contained in the set of all -leaf trees the same number of times. We give a functional equation for the multivariate generating function for number of -leaf trees containing a specified number of copies of any path tree, and we analyze tree patterns with at most 4 leaves. The paper concludes with implications for pattern containment in permutations.
Right ventricular apical activation times in patients with conduction disturbances occurring during acute transmural myocardial infarction

Abstract His bundle and right ventricular apical electrograms were recorded in 18 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction in whom catheter insertion was considered necessary for clinical reasons. The V-RVA and H-V intervals were of normal duration (5 to 30 and 35 to 55 msec, respectively) in five patients (Group 1) with persistently narrow (less than 100 msec) QRS complexes. in contrast, 13 patients (Group 2) who manifested a “complete” right bundle branch block pattern within 96 hours after admission had prolonged V-RVA intervals (range 50 to 80 msec, mean 59.2 msec) and H-V intervals that were at the upper limits of normal or prolonged (range 55 to 90 msec, mean 63 msec). in 6 of these 13 patients, the duration of the V-RVA interval became normal when the “complete” right bundle branch block pattern disappeared and was replaced by a “complete” left bundle branch block pattern in three patients and by narrow QRS complexes in the three other patients. This study showed that transmural myocardial infarction in itself did not increase the duration of the V-RVA interval even when “complete” left bundle branch block was present. Moreover, a prolonged V-RVA interval coexisting with a “complete” right bundle branch block pattern was not due to distal right bundle branch block but resulted from a conduction disturbance located in the proximal portions of the right bundle, or perhaps, even within the His bundle itself.
Directional-to-isotropic transitions in metal/matrix composite joints

Abstract The mechanical behavior of transition joints between continuous-fiber metal/matrix composites and non-reinforced or discontinuously reinforced metallic sub-elements is discussed. The broader themes are (i) the role of joint geometry relative to the strength of the tensile and shear interfaces and (ii) the effect of particle reinforcement of the isotropic sub-element. The study focuses on the deformation phenomena at the directional-isotropic transition and the relevant interfaces. Model joints were manufactured by pressure infiltration of molten Al–4.5%Mg into suitable preforms, a technique that minimizes gross interfacial defects and the ensuing variability of joint strength. In general, joint strength increases with insertion ratio owing primarily to the contribution of shear at the lateral interfaces. Experimental results combined with finite-element analysis highlight the critical roles of plastic constraint and stress concentrations arising from the geometry and property mismatch. The plastic constraint can operate in two size scales, one associated with the macroscopic dimensions of the transition, and the other with the reinforcing particles, when present. Both effects increase the load-carrying ability of the joint — notably through the interface formed by the termination of the continuous fibers — with attendant implications for joint design. The mechanisms that initiate failure are discussed in the context of the stress and strain profiles near this interface in combination with data from other joint configurations.
Inertia theorems for the periodic Liapunov equation and periodic Riccati equation

The inertia theorems for the time-invariant Liapunov equation and time-invariant Riccati equation are generalized to the case were the coefficient matrices are periodically time-varying.
Percutaneous use of stents to correct pulmonary artery stenosis in young children after cavopulmonary anastomosis.

Abstract Pulmonary artery distortion is a risk factor among candidates for the Fontan procedure. In 57 patients evaluated by catheterization after successful cavopulmonary anastomosis, 8 had proximal left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis, either discrete (4 patients) or long segment (4 patients). Median age was 27 months (range 19 to 60 months). Median weight was 11.4 kg (range 9.1 to 20.0). Median diameter at LPA stenosis was 4.4 ± 0.4. Proximal right pulmonary artery mean diameter was 10.4 ± 1.0 mm. After angiographic and hemodynamic assessment, short 11F sheaths were placed in the right internal jugular (6 patients) or subclavian veins (2 patients). Pulmonary artery angioplasty and stent placement were performed. LPA stenoses were enlarged using 10 Palmaz stents dilated to 10 mm (7 patients) or to 12 mm (3 patients). Poststent angiograms showed that narrowest LPA dimensions were significantly enlarged to 9.9 mm ± 1.0 mm, p
Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California

Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is indicated by the extended southern wings of many dunes. The isolated dunes and the scour depressions that contain them are located seaward of sea-floor outcrops off rocky capes and sea stacks. Repeated side-scan sonar records spanning four years (1981–1985) indicate that the dunes and bounding sidewalls of the scour depressions were somewhat modified, but the overall alteration to the bottom morphology during this period was only moderate to undetectable. The apparent low height of the dunes is consistent with a low migration speed. Over longer time periods (decades), the seaward transport of fine to medium sand in the crescentic dunes is probably an important way by which sand escapes the shallow part of the continental shelf in this region and mixes with the muddy deposits of the central shelf.
Effect of anti-inflammatories on Pluronic® F127: micellar assembly, gelation and partitioning

Abstract We present results on the effect of two anti-inflammatory agents, naproxen and indomethacin, on the structure, assembly and gelation transitions of Pluronic® F127 micelles. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments on micellar solutions indicate that the micelle aggregation number decreases significantly in the presence of drug solutes, causing the number density of micelles to increase. However, only slight changes were observed in the critical micelle concentration of F127 in the presence of these drugs. Both anti-inflammatory agents were found to shift the liquid-to-gel and gel-to-liquid transitions of the copolymer to lower temperatures. This may be the result of an increase in the micellar volume fraction, caused by the presence of the hydrophobic drugs. Using an ultraviolet spectroscopy technique, we have also measured the solubilities and micelle–water partition coefficients (Kmw) of naproxen and indomethacin in water and F127 solutions. The values of Kmw for naproxen and indomethacin are 355±64 and 474±33, respectively. They are larger than previously reported lipid–water partition coefficients, indicating that F127 micelles may be a better choice for drug loading than lipid vesicles. The slightly greater effects of indomethacin on the gelation boundary as compared with naproxen may be attributable to a higher value of Kmw.
High-pressure low-temperature optical dephasing of rhodamine 101 in PMMA

Abstract High pressure (0–30 kbar) is used to investigate the effect of increased density on the temperature-dependent optical dephasing of rhodamine 101 (Rh101) in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Photon echo measurements have been performed on Rh101-doped PMMA at temperatures between 1.2 and 2.1 K at pressures up to 30 kbar. The 20% volume compression at 30 kbar resulted in little change in either the magnitude or the temperature dependence of the optical dephasing rate. The pressure insensitive homogeneous linewidth Γ = 110 T 1.35 MHz is discussed in terms of the two level system model often used to characterize the optical dynamics of glasses.
Higher education and business relations: The case of the education utility

The Education Utility, a project of National Information Utilities Corporation and AT&T, is an electronic delivery and management system that will provide instantly, to the desks of educators and learners, located anywhere in the world, massive quantities of continually updated instructionally interactive information, and will permit a high level of networking among users. The two corporate entities involved in this information technology project have established certain linkages and joint activities with higher education institutions. The nature of these existing and planned linkages is described, together with some lessons that have been learned about this business-university relationship thus far.
The treatment of youthful sexual offenders

Abstract Approximately 20% of all rapes and between 30% and 50% of child molestations are perpetrated by adolescent males. These statistics underscore the need for improved understanding of youthful sexual offending so that effective prevention measures may be utilized for those adolescents at risk of offending and effective treatments may be utilized with those adolescents who have already committed sexual offenses. In this article we review the current knowledge of the characteristics of youthful offenders, proposed etiologies of youthful offending, proposed typologies of, assessment protocols, and treatments for youthful offenders. Finally we discuss the need for further research in the area of youthful sex offending.