cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Leave me alone so i can teach better": community of practice as the foundation to great teaching

An alternate paradigm to school organization and teaching practice, which is not widely known, is to be explored to unders- tand what it is to teach under this approach. In opposition to the dominant paradigm –regarding instructors as solo artists- this other conception views the teaching task placed into a commu- nity, requiring some coordination and collaboration. Regarding this as its core idea, what sets a great teaching school apart is the self-awareness of cohesion, coordination, exchange of best practices, alignment of values around service to student learning, and sense of mission about being a good example to other instructors and schools. With the concept of “community of practice” being widely explored by both business and aca- demia, it was established that what made a firm resilient and profitable was its ability to learn and spread knowledge, that is to say: organizational learning and knowledge transfer. What distinguished the more successful service people? They called one another when they encountered fresh problems, whereas the less successful people were loners. The core notion of this field is that greatness in an organization is more than a collec- tion of solo performances. A community of teaching practice looks like a psychologically safe environment where teaching is valued by the community and teaching knowledge is trans- ferred by both formal and informal means. Doing nothing about teaching is not an option.
Gene expression profiles and protein balance in skeletal muscle of burned children after β-adrenergic blockade

Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, has been shown effective in hypermetabolic burn patients by decreasing cardiac work, protein catabolism, and lipolysis. This study investigates the effect of ...
Hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy: the learning curve is for operative speed, not for quality

Aim We aimed to define the learning curve for hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy (HALC). Method A retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data was performed. Consecutive segmental and total HALC performed by a single surgeon with no prior HALC experience was included. Operative time and quality-related outcomes, including conversions, operative and postoperative complications, length of stay, reoperations and readmissions were compared for consecutive cohorts of 25 HALC. A subgroup analysis of right, left, total and proctocolectomy performed in each cohort of 25 HALC was also performed. Results From December 2005 to February 2009, 200 HALC were performed. When evaluated in cohorts of 25 consecutive cases, operative times (155–206 min), operative complications (4–12%), postoperative complications (8–36%), length of stay (4–5 days), reoperations (0–8%) and readmissions (0–16%) were similar. In the subgroup analysis, there were no changes in the quality-related measures for any colectomy type or the operative time for right and proctocolectomy as experience was gained. Operative time decreased for left (183–127 min) and total HALC (259–218 min) after experience with 50 cases (P < 0.05). Conclusion HALC operative times decreased with surgeon experience. For quality-related outcomes, there was no learning curve for HALC.
Instantons in the Burgers equation

The instanton solution for the forced Burgers equation is found. This solution describes the exponential tail of the probability distribution function of velocity differences in the region where shock waves are absent; that is, for large positive velocity differences. The results agree with the one found recently by Polyakov, who used the operator product conjecture. If this conjecture is true, then our WKB asymptotics of the Wyld functional integral should be exact to all orders of perturbation expansion around the instanton solution. We also generalized our solution for the arbitrary dimension of the Burgers (KPZ) equation. As a result we found the asymptotics of the angular dependence of the velocity difference probability distribution function. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Prognostic performance of a high-sensitivity assay for cardiac troponin I after non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: Analysis from MERLIN-TIMI 36.

Background:Newer troponin assays offer the ability to quantify circulating troponin levels at an order of magnitude lower than contemporary assays, fueling continued debate over the prognostic impl...
Perception of depth in rotating objects. 1. Stereokinesis and the vertical-horizontal illusion.

Os viewed under extreme reduction conditions either a rod or an ellipse as it rotated slowly (5 rpm) in the frontoparallel plane. They reported seeing a sequence of percepts of the luminous stimulus starting with veridical rotation, then expansion-contraction, and/or advance-retreat and finally ending with apparent rotation in a plane oblique to O. The percepts were the same with either monocular or binocular regard and with the head tilted 90° to the side. In the latter case, the apparent plane of rotation shifted with the head position showing that the visual field determined the effect. This stereo-kinetic effect was related to the vertical-horizontal illusion and was explained in terms of the asymmetry of the visual field.
$(\ell,0)$-Carter Partitions, their Crystal-Theoretic Behavior and Generating Function

In this paper we give an alternate combinatorial description of the "$(\ell,0)$-Carter partitions". The representation-theoretic significance of these partitions is that they indicate the irreducibility of the corresponding specialized Specht module over the Hecke algebra of the symmetric group. Our main theorem is the equivalence of our combinatoric and the one introduced by James and Mathas, which is in terms of hook lengths. We use our result to find a generating series which counts such partitions, with respect to the statistic of a partition's first part. We then apply our description of these partitions to the crystal graph $B(\Lambda_0)$ of the basic representation of $\widehat{{sl}_{\ell}}$, whose nodes are labeled by $\ell$-regular partitions. Here we give a fairly simple crystal-theoretic rule which generates all $(\ell,0)$-Carter partitions in the graph $B(\Lambda_0)$.
Development and growth in very preterm infants in relation to NIDCAP in a Dutch NICU: two years of follow‐up

Aim: To study development and growth in relation to newborn individualized developmental and assessment program (NIDCAP (R)) for infants born with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks. Methods: Developmental outcome of surviving infants, 25 in the NIDCAP group and 24 in the conventional care group, in a prospective phase-lag cohort study performed in a Dutch level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was compared. Main outcome measure was the Bayley scales of infant development-II (BSID-II) at 24 months corrected age. Secondary outcomes were neurobehavioral and developmental outcome and growth at term, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: Accounting for group differences and known outcome predictors no significant differences were seen between both care groups in BSID-II at 24 months. At term age NIDCAP infants scored statistically significant lower on neurobehavioral competence; motor system (median [IQR] 4.8 [2.9-5.0] vs. 5.2 [4.3-5.7], p = 0.021) and autonomic stability (median [IQR] 5.7 [4.8-6.7] vs. 7.0 [6.0-7.7], p = 0.001). No differences were seen in other developmental outcomes. After adjustment for background differences, growth parameters were comparable between groups during the first 24 months of life. Conclusion: At present, the strength of conclusions to be drawn about the effect of NIDCAP on developmental outcome or growth at 24 months of age is restricted. Further studies employing standardized assessment approaches including choice of measurement instruments and time points are needed.
Bridge Construction Surveying

Surveying during bridge construction has many facets requiring professional judgment and expertise. For form work, offset lines are more important than basic center lines. Edges of girders must meet abutments and piers. Settlement and deflection of falsework and permanent camber must be figured into elevations. Close control must be exercised during the entire construction of a bridge. Permanent reference points are important in case the bridge suffers settlement or earthquake.
You Are What You Tweet: Connecting the Geographic Variation in America's Obesity Rate to Twitter Content

We conduct a detailed investigation of the relationship among the obesity rate of urban areas and expressions of happiness, diet and physical activity on social media. We do so by analyzing a massive, geo-tagged data set comprising over 200 million words generated over the course of 2012 and 2013 on the social network service Twitter. Among many results, we show that areas with lower obesity rates: (1) have happier tweets and frequently discuss (2) food, particularly fruits and vegetables, and (3) physical activities of any intensity. Additionally, we provide evidence that each of these results offer different and unique insight into the variation of the obesity rate in urban areas within the United States. Our work shows how the contents of social media may potentially be used to estimate real-time, population-scale measures of factors related to obesity.
Mutual exclusion between related phages.

The discovery of the breakdown of superinfecting phage needs to be supplemented by genetic tests to find out whether the phage whose nucleic acid is broken down is, indeed, unable to contribute genetic markers to the progeny. The present paper presents experiments of this kind, whose results leave no doubt that the breakdown of superinfecting phage is strictly paralleled by exclusion from the progeny of the genetic markers it contains. We are presenting also some experiments in which the stimulating phage alone or both the stimulating and the superinfecting phage have been inactivated by irradiation with ultraviolet light. These experiments serve to characterize functions which have remained unimpaired in ultraviolet treated phage and their relation to multiplicity reactivation of ultraviolet treated phage.
Weathering the storm: the benefit of resources to high‐technology ventures navigating adverse events

Technology ventures must often navigate through difficult times during their existence. In the entrepreneurship literature, however, relatively little research explores the question of how ventures weather the more acute adverse event. Analogous to captains who prepare their vessels for tumultuous waters, entrepreneurs establish the organizational characteristics to enable the survival of the initial shock of an adverse event. Thus, in this article we address the research question of what firm characteristics mitigate the impact of an adverse event based on the resource-based perspective and organizational slack literature. Our findings point to the importance of building capabilities to enable a venture to navigate difficult times. Copyright © 2009 Strategic Management Society.
Association between wetland disturbance and biological attributes in floodplain wetlands

We quantified the influence of agricultural activities on environmental and biological conditions of floodplain wetlands in the upper Missouri River basin. Seasonally-flooded wetlands were characterized as low impact (non-disturbed) or high impact (disturbed) based on local land use. Biological data collected from these wetlands were used to develop a wetland condition index (WCI). Fourteen additional wetlands were sampled to evaluate the general condition of seasonally-flooded floodplain wetlands. Structural and functional attributes of macrophyte, algae, and macroinvertebrate communities were tested as candidate metrics for assessing biotic responses. The WCI we developed used six biological metrics to discriminate between disturbed and non-disturbed wetlands: 1) biomass of Culicidae larvae, 2) abundance of Chironomidae larvae, 3) macroinvertebrate diversity, 4) total number of plant species, 5) the proportion of exotic plant species, and 6) total number of sensitive diatom species. Disturbed wetlands had less taxa richness and species diversity and more exotic and nuisance (e.g., mosquitoes) species. Environmental differences between low and high impact wetlands included measures of total potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, alkalinity, conductance, and sediment phosphorus concentration. Canonical analyses showed that WCI scores were weakly correlated (P = 0.057) with environmental variables in randomly selected wetlands. In addition, mean WCI score for random wetlands was higher than that for high impact wetlands, implying that floodplain wetlands were less impacted by the types of agricultural activities affecting high impact sites. Inter-year sampling of some wetlands revealed that WCI metrics were correlated in 2000 and 2001, implying that biological metrics provided useful indicators of disturbance in floodplain wetlands.
A Liposome-Based Approach to the Integrated Multi-Component Antigen Microarrays

This report describes an experimental procedure for constructing integrated lipid, carbohydrate, and protein microarrays. In essence, it prints liposomes on nitrocellulose-coated micro-glass slides, a biochip substrate for spotting protein and carbohydrate microarrays, and the substances that can form liposomes (homo-liposomes) or can be incorporated into liposomes (hetero-liposomes) are suitable for microarray construction using existing microarray spotting devices. Importantly, this technology allows simultaneous detection of serum antibody activities among the three major classes of antigens, i.e., lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The potential of this technology is illustrated by its use in revealing a broad-spectrum of pre-existing anti-lipid antibodies in blood circulation and monitoring the epitope spreading of autoantibody reactivities among protein, carbohydrate, and lipid antigens in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
A New Access System for the Vatican Archives

The Vatican Archives, one of the major national and religious archives of the world, contains records from as early as the ninth century and continuous documentation of the church administration from the twelfth century to the present. Although a variety of specialized guides describe various parts of the archives, the lack of a comprehensive inventory of holdings makes access difficult for researchers. A team of archivists from the University of Michigan has begun a project to create a comprehensive, provenancebased access system, working from existing guides and inventories. The author, who is a member of the team, summarizes the history of the Vatican Archives and describes the plan of work for the project.
The Anatomy of the Ventricles and of the Atrioventricular Valves in Single Ventricle

Absence of the right ventricular (RV) sinus (inflow tract) results in single left ventricle (LV) with an infundibular outlet chamber (74%). Absence of the LV sinus results in single RV (26%). Single RV almost always has no infundibular outlet chamber. Both single LV and single RV can have double-inlet (with two atrioventricular [AV] valves) or common-inlet (with a common AV valve). Tricuspid atresia and mitral atresia are customarily diagnosed as such, and hence are not included here. Application of the morphologic method at the ventricular level is the key to the diagnostic understanding of single ventricle. The connection of the AV valve(s), as in univentricular AV connection, is not an accurate method of diagnosing single LV or single RV. Single LV may not have a univentricular AV connection: the Lambert heart. Univentricular AV connection with an RV usually is not a single RV: a small LV typically is also present.
Treating respiratory infections in HIV-positive patients.

In HIV-positive patients, respiratory infection symptoms can usually be treated or at least suppressed, but the clinical response may be obscured.
Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Herpetic Eye Disease

Herpesviruses cause retinal and choroidal disease worldwide. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of herpesviral ocular infection is difficult because traditional cell culture and serologic methods often yield ambiguous results. Ophthalmologists are often forced to initiate antiviral therapy based on clinical presentation alone. When the clinical diagnosis is not obvious, the clinician often begins treating the patient with one drug and then changes drugs if the condition does not improve. Unfortunately, the patient’s vision may be lost by the time a correct treatment is found. The polymerase chain re action (PCR) may be im portant in intraocular herpesviral infection diagnosis because it is extremely sensitive, specific, and allows mul tiple tests to be done on a small sample volume.
New Approach to Tolman’s Electronic Parameter Based on Local Vibrational Modes

Tolman’s electronic parameter (TEP) derived from the A1-symmetrical CO stretching frequency of nickel–phosphine–tricarbonyl complexes, R3PNi(CO)3, is brought to a new, improved level by replacing normal with local vibrational frequencies. CO normal vibrational frequencies are always flawed by mode–mode coupling especially with metal–carbon stretching modes, which leads to coupling frequencies as large as 100 cm–1 and can become even larger when the transition metal and the number of ligands is changed. Local TEP (LTEP) values, being based on local CO stretching force constants rather than normal mode frequencies, no longer suffer from mode coupling and mass effects. For 42 nickel complexes of the type LNi(CO)3, it is shown that LTEP values provide a different ordering of ligand electronic effects as previously suggested by TEP and CEP values. The general applicability of the LTEP concept is demonstrated.
Notes on Arctic Uredinales

The plants brought back from northwestern Greenland in the Danish Jubilee Expedition of 1920-23 have been critically searched for micromycetes by Mr. J. Lind, resulting in the detection of 80 species, 5 of them being Uredinales. Mr. Lind has made his report in No. 2 of the account of the expedition (1926) and takes occasion to revise some of the taxonomy involved. As to the rusts it is only required to state here that the writer agrees entirely with the conclusions, except in the case of Puccinia Thlaspeos, which he believes to be quite distinct from P. Holboellii. The characters of the two species are given in volume 7, page 532, of the North American Flora, a publication, by the way, that is not mentioned in the literature cited. In a later work, "The Geographical Distribution of Some Arctic Micromycetes," 1927, Mr. Lind has made a highly important contribution to the subject of plant dissemination in high northern latitudes. He points out that the strong wind of the region may carry seeds, fragments of stems and leaves for long distances over the surface of snow and ice, often depositing them in crevices or valleys where conditions are favorable for growth upon return of warm weather. For nine months of the year ice bridges the waters between islands and even the continents, so that the winds may sweep parts of flowering plants with the endophytes living upon them over a smooth dry surface in a circumpolar migration, even over such long stretches as between Greenland, Norway, Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen. This deduction is supported by citations from the writings of a number of arctic travelers. In all probability the agency of the wind is the chief, if not the only, agency for the dispersal of plants and their parasites in arctic regions, a conclusion which seems logical. It is also pointed out that the most common arctic rusts are short-cycle species, like Puccinia Arenariae, P. Holboellii, P.
The power of hope.

him to assess his eligibility for our adoptive immunotherapy program. I recall despairing at the destruction the metastatic malignant melanoma had caused in his body. CT scans revealed an 8x 5-cm right renal mass, making his right kidney nonfunctional, and extensive retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. His liver function was also deteriorating. I could tell Jim was gravely ill just by looking at him. His pallor was striking, and he reported that he'd lost 25 pounds in the past four months. He walked slowly and carefully because of the pain in his right flank, mid-lower back, and right pelvic area. He also complained of intermittent shortness of breath at night. As I mentally recorded his 19 sites of metastasis, I doubted Jim's chances of recovery and became skeptical about his participation, even though he met all the criteria for eligibility. To be considered for the program, a person must be between ages 18 and 75, and have either metastatic or renal cell carcinoma that is evaluable by observation or diagnostic imaging. He must also have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks and be able to carry out all self-care activities. Even if a person has met these criteria, though, he may be ineligible if he has
68 CLINICAL UTILITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC TEXTURE ANALYSIS PERFORMED ON DENSITOMETRIC CALCANEAL IMAGES.

Background Currently, the major challenge in osteoporosis research and clinical practice is to improve the assessment of fracture risk. Bone fragility is determined by bone quantity measured as bone mineral density (BMD) and by bone quality or structure that cannot be easily assessed using currently available methods. Radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is an image-based noninvasive method of evaluating bone structure through computerized analysis of trabecular pattern of bone radiographs. We have applied RTA to calcaneal images obtained using a portable densitometer. RTA yields the following features: RMS (root mean square variation, a measure of the variability in the radiographic texture pattern, the relative difference in the contrast between light and dark areas with higher values corresponding to the strong rich trabecular pattern), and its directional measure, sdRMS (standard deviation of RMS), which is a measure of anisotropy of the trabecular pattern, with higher values corresponding to the more directional texture pattern, and Minkowski fractal (MINK), a measure of roughness-smoothness of the trabecular pattern. In this study of patients referred for BMD testing at the University of Chicago, we examined (1) which biologic factors influence RTA and (2) how well RTA differentiates subjects with high and low bone fragility. Methods In 837 patients (age 19-95 years, 759 women), BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and calcaneus; clinical risk factors were obtained using a questionnaire; and RTA was performed on densitometric heel images. Fragility was defined as the presence of vertebral fractures detected on VFA (vertebral fracture assessment - densitometric spine image). The association of RTA with biologic factors or with prevalent vertebral fractures was examined using regression analysis. Results (1) Relationship between RTA and biologic factors: In a multivariate regression analysis, significant predictors of sdRMS were BMI (p Conclusion These results suggest that RTA of heel images obtained using a portable densitometer characterizes bone properties not measured by BMD. Specifically, RTA provides assessment of fragility that is not captured by the currently used measurements such as BMD and clinical risk factors (age). Addition of RTA to BMD and clinical risk factors can improve the stratification of fracture risk. Further studies are needed to determine whether RTA would be useful in selecting patients for different forms of osteoporosis therapy.
Analysis of hypertension of urban and rural areas of Guizhou Province

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension between urban and rural areas of Guizhou Province,provide scientific evidence for developing intervention measures.Methods Probability Proportion to Size(PPS)Sampling method,in 12 counties of Guizhou Province to carry out the investigation of people over the age of 18,the collection of hypertension in urban and rural residents in Guizhou Province related information,data statistical analysis using the SPSS 19.0 statistics.Results The average systolic blood pressure was(125.76 ± 21.64) mmHg(95% CI:126.20-125.32),and the average diastolic blood pressure was(78.43 ± 12.45) mmHg(95% CI:78.68-78.17).The prevalence of hypertension was 27.8%,the standardized prevalence rate was 29.5%,the prevalence rate of city area is 28.8%,the prevalence rate in rural area was 27.4%,the prevalence rate of urban and rural areas had no significant difference.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was high among adult aged 18 years,prevention and control of hypertension in rural areas should be emphasized,should be targeted to carry out prevention and control work.
431 DIABETES AS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR ANEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

The aim of our study was to determine whether diabetics (DM) are more likely to be anemic at a similar stage of CKD as compared to nondiabetics (NDM), and if such a difference exists, the probable factors contributing to it. We studied 82 DM and 59 NDM consecutive patients with stage III and IV CKD seen in the Parkland Hospital9s CKD clinic between February 2003 through April 2004. There were no differences in age, gender or ethnicity between DM and NDM patients. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC indices were measured on all patients at the initial visit. Serum Fe, TIBC, ferritin, and stool guaiac were performed on all patients with a Hb of A higher percentage of DM, 84% (16/19), as compared to NDM, 60% (6/10), had transferrin saturation less than 20%. Presence of absolute iron deficiency (serum ferritin
Peak Regulation Right Transaction Considering Energy Saving and Emission Reduction

The generation capacity of power system is surplus during non-peak period,making the units work away from economic operation points. A large number of primary energy is consumed and thus environmental pollution is caused during unit commitment of some generating units with weaker peak regulation capacity. With reference to peak regualtion right trading mechanism of buying peak regulation capacity,this paper presents a weighted algorithm for environment costs during peak shaving with regard to the energy consuption during unit commitment. In the case study of the generating unit field measured energy consumption and environment cost in the power plants within East China Power Grid,the social effects of energy saving and emission reduction are compared before and after peak regulation right transaction. It is verified that peak shaving trading has the effect of saving energy and reducing consumption by avoiding frequent unit commitment,but without any increase of peak shaving unit capacity.
Mechanisms and Outcomes

This chapter introduces the various mechanisms and pathways within an organism and within an ecosystem that lead to disease and other adverse outcomes. These include mode of action and adverse outcome pathways. The pathways begin with a molecular initiating event, followed by key events along the way to the outcome. Applying toxicity and adverse outcome pathway analyses to synthetic biology is also discussed.
Genomics: blueprints for partnerships.

Gutless marine worms harness the resources of a team of bacteria in lieu of a digestive or excretory system. A genome-sequence analysis now defines the roles of the microbes.
Potential Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Whey Constituents1

Whey and whey constituents were prepared from the milk of cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. The virus was detected in the sweet whey by-product of Cheddar and Camembert cheese but was not detected in the acid whey by-product of casein manufacture. Whey constituents, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactose, produced from sweet whey were noninfectious when inoculated into cattle. These products do not appear as likely candidates for the transmission of FMD.
Bilateral Vertebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Causing Cervical Spinal Cord Compression in a Dog.

A 10-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was evaluated for cervical hyperesthesia and tetraparesis. Magnetic Resonance A 10-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was evaluated for cervical hyperesthesia and tetraparesis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain and cervical spinal cord identified an extradural compressive lesion over the body of C2 caused by marked dilation of the vertebral venous sinuses. Following intravenous contrast administration both vertebral sinuses had heterogeneous contrast enhancement consistent with incomplete thrombi formation. An abdominal ultrasound also showed a distal aortic thrombus. A definitive cause for the thrombi formation was not identified, but the patient had several predisposing factors which may have contributed. The patient was treated with a combination of warfarin, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin as well as analgesics. Within 48 hours of initiation of warfarin therapy the tetraparesis and hyperesthesia were markedly improved. Repeat abdominal ultrasound 3 weeks after discharge showed reduction in size of aortic thrombus. Neurologic function remained normal 6 weeks following initiation of treatment. Seventy-four days following initial diagnosis the patient rapidly declined and passed away at home. Necropsy was declined. This is the first report of vertebral venous sinus enlargement leading to spinal cord compression and tetraparesis in a dog. Additionally warfarin in combination with clopidogrel and enoxaparin appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the suspected thrombi reported in this case. Vertebral sinus enlargement secondary to thrombi should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with tetraparesis and cervical hyperesthesia.
Nanoceria as bona fide catalytic antioxidants in medicine: What we know and what we want to know…

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, CeNPs or nanoceria are inorganic and possess catalytic antioxidant activity. They scavenge reactive oxygen species and act as an oxygen buffer. Their application in industry is well-established. However, their usage as bona fide antioxidants in biological systems has been recent and is quite revolutionary. Other reviews have documented nanoceria’s protective effect in reducing oxidative stress in cell culture and in animal disease models that are associated with oxidative stress. We specifically have targeted CeNPs as ophthalmic therapeutics to slow the progression of retinal degeneration and as anti-angiogenic agents in rodent models. The radical scavenging activity of CeNPs is mainly due to the dramatic increase of surface area to volume ratio in these nanocrystalline structures. The parameters for CeNPs usage in industrial settings are decidedly not suitable for biological applications. In this short review, we report the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity evaluation of CeNPs when applied as ophthalmic therapeutic agents in an in vivo system. We highlight studies that examine how CeNPs behave in biological environments and how they interact with bio-macromolecules. We also discuss studies that examine the dynamic changes of the surface chemistry of CeNPs in physiological buffers. Finally, we raise a list of questions that we think ought to be answered for CeNPs to be considered the antioxidants of choice in medicine, specifically in the treatment of ocular diseases.
Eating disorders in inflammatory bowel disease

Before or after their diagnosis, each of three patients with inflammatory bowel disease had an established eating disorder. Two had bulimia and one was presumed to have had anorexia/bulimia. In addition to the usual modes of weight control, such as vomiting and fasting, two of the patients, all of whom were lactose intolerant, used milk ingestion as a purgative.
Faster on-scene times associated with decreased mortality in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) transported trauma patients

Background The ‘Golden Hour’ emphasizes the importance of rapidly providing definitive care to trauma patients. Dispatch time, defined as the time it takes the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) to dispatch from their base and reach the patient, and on-scene time, defined as the time spent with the patient prior to departure to a trauma center, can impact how quickly the patient will reach definitive care. We evaluated HEMS dispatch and on-scene times by investigating the survival rates among patients transported by air to a level 1 trauma center. We hypothesize that longer HEMS dispatch and on-scene times are associated with worse patient outcomes. Methods A retrospective, single institution analysis was performed on patients transported by HEMS. Inclusion criteria were air transported patients aged 18 years and above admitted to a level 1 trauma center from January 1, 2005 to January 1, 2015. Total dispatch time and on-scene times were divided into five incremental groups and mortality data were analyzed. Mortality was defined as death during initial hospital admission. A Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze relationship between dispatch times, on-scene times, and mortality. Simple binary logistic regression was used to run a multivariate analysis on confounding variables of Injury Severity Score (ISS), gender, age, and Glasgow Coma Scale. Results There was a strong positive linear correlation between HEMS on-scene time and mortality, R=0.962, p=0.038. Additionally, there was a positive trend between HEMS dispatch time and mortality. ISS was found to be a significant confounder of mortality in our cohort with on-scene times >20 min, with mortality increasing by 7.5% for every 0.1 increase in ISS score (p=0.01). Conclusion Longer HEMS on-scene and dispatch times appeared to be associated with increased mortality in trauma patients. However, those with higher ISS require longer on-scene times, increasing mortality. Regardless, efforts should focus on reducing on-scene and dispatch times. Level of evidence and study type Level III; Therapeutic/Care Management.
Role of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein Phosphorylation in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation.

Alcoholic liver injury is associated with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) scaffolds protein kinase C and cyclin-D1, which is regulated by its phosphorylation, and spatiotemporally controls cell proliferation, invasiveness, and chemotaxis. HSC activation induces AKAP12 expression, but the role of AKAP12's scaffolding activity in liver function is unknown. Because AKAP12 phosphorylation is enhanced in ethanol-treated HSCs, we examined AKAP12's scaffolding functions in alcohol-mediated HSC activation and liver injury. AKAP12 expression, interaction, and phosphorylation were assayed in in vitro and in vivo ethanol models and human subjects by real-time PCR, coimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and phosphorylated proteomics/Phos-tag. Ethanol induced AKAP12 phosphorylation in the liver and in primary HSCs, but not in hepatocytes. AKAP12's scaffolding activity for protein kinase C/cyclin-D1 decreased in ethanol-treated HSCs but not hepatocytes. AKAP12 negatively regulated HSC activation, which was reversed by ethanol-mediated AKAP12 phosphorylation. AKAP12 interacted with heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), which chaperones collagen and induces its secretion. Ethanol inhibited AKAP12-HSP47 and induced HSP47-collagen interaction. Ethanol-induced phosphorylated AKAP12 was unable to bind to HSP47 compared with its unphosphorylated counterpart, thereby proving that ethanol-mediated phosphorylation of AKAP12 inhibited the HSP47-AKAP12 scaffold. Silencing AKAP12 facilitated the chaperoning of collagen by HSP47. Hence, AKAP12 scaffolds HSP47 and regulates collagen-HSP47 interaction. Ethanol quenches AKAP12's scaffolding activity through phosphorylation and facilitates HSC activation.
Research Ethics Education Changing the Culture of Science and Engineering: Past is Prologue

This chapter addresses two issues: (1) how to do effective research ethics education in the sciences and engineering, and (2) identifying the barriers and opportunities in the university setting regarding the provision of effective and widespread research ethics education for faculty and their students. The first four sections address the first issue, the last section addresses the second issue. This chapter incorporates revised versions of previous papers: Schrag, Brian “Teaching Research Ethics: Changing the Culture of Science” Teaching Ethics, Volume 8, Number 2, Fall 2008 and Schrag, Brian “Introduction: The Challenge of Research Ethics Education in the University setting: A response to NIH and NSF Regulations” Teaching Ethics, Volume 12, Number 2 Spring 2012.
Differential Operators in Sobolev Spaces

Perhaps the subject of this chapter was motivated by the solution of the unitless equation of vibrating motion $$y\prime \prime + y = 0.$$
Hysteresis and Avalanche Behavior of Helium in Anopore and Nuclepore

Superfluid 4 He exhibits hysteretic behavior in the porous material Nuclepore due to capillary condensation, and one observes avalanches in the draining for a narrow range of chemical potential. We have demonstrated that the avalanche behavior involves pores distributed at a low density across the entire sample, and that avalanches are enabled by the superfluid film. We present results which compare the behavior of superfluid 4 He in Nuclepore to its behavior in Anopore, a porous membrane having no interconnected pores, and draw conclusions concerning the role of the superfluid film and the pore intersections.
The Function of GPI-Anchored Proteins

Publisher Summary Although proteins attached to the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage are certainly diverse, these proteins now appear to use common signaling pathways. This chapter discusses the role of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) in cell function. GPI-linked proteins can be released from the cell surface by phospholipases C and D to generate the signaling molecules diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Some of the effects of insulin may be mediated in this manner. The association of GPI-AP with members of the src-family protein tyrosine kinases is established, following antibody cross-linking of T cell antigens. It is unclear whether the effects of cross-linking antibodies in vitro are analogous to ligand binding to GPI-AP in vivo. Molecules with GPI anchors that do not span the lipid bilayer are assumed to form an obligatory complex with transmembrane proteins to transmit extracellular signals to intracellular effectors. Many GPI-linked proteins are enzymes. The effects of ectoenzyme activity on cell function have often seemed independent of GPI signaling.
Calculations for high-energy radiations

The theoretical high-energy dosimetry program, developed over the past decade in the Health Physics Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is described briefly. Some selected results are presented to illustrate the calculational capabilities that exist. These examples include depth-dose curves for broad, parallel beams of 2 GeV protons and 1 GeV neutrons incident laterally on a tissue slab and $sup 11$C activation calculated as a function of depth in a water phantom exposed to a beam of 400 MeV neutrons. Because of their planned use in cancer radiotherapy research, pions are under extensive study. The Monte Carlo computer code, PION-I was developed to calculate the penetration of pions in materials (containing H, C, N, and O) exposed to pion beams. Good agreement is found between calculated and measured curves in water. Calculated L.E.T. distributions at various depths are shown. The pattern of energy deposition around pion capture sites is analyzed. T-I kidney cell survival levels are predicted for pion beams based on data of Todd and on the survival model of Katz. (FR)
Property Rights, The Market, and Environmental Change in Twentieth-Century America

In this wide-ranging interpretive essay, Professor Eric Freyfogle surveys the dominant trends over the past-century in the laws governing private land ownership in the United States. Late in the nineteenth century, he contends, property law had come close to embracing an image of land chiefly as market asset, with ownership rights clearly defined, secure against governmental interference, and freely transferable. It also embraced a perspective in which landowners could use their lands intensively, in ways that generated harms, to neighbors and surrounding communities, that would not have been allowed a century earlier. That system of ownership, Freyfogle argues, generated substantial ill effects, and property law over the past century has gradually responded to them, in the process reshaping land ownership in ways quite different from simple, land-as-asset models. He distills six major themes or trends, including (i) the tailoring of rights to the land's natural features and the increasing protection of sensitive land uses, (ii) increasing recognition of private and public interests in all lands, without regard to nominal ownership, (iii) continued protection of existing land uses but decreasing protection for development rights, (iv) land-use planning at larger spatial scales and more ecologically oriented, and (v) increasing involvement of all levels of government in insisting that land-use practices not frustrate community needs. The end result is an ownership scheme reflecting both market and communal interests, with ownership rights subject to controls to protect the collective good from unbridled market forces.
Lung epithelial PDIA3 plays a critical role in influenza infection

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are a family of redox chaperones that catalyze formation or isomerization of disulfide bonds in proteins. Previous studies have shown that one member, PDIA3, interacts with influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA), and that this interaction is required for efficient oxidative folding of HA in vitro. However it is unknown whether these host-viral protein interactions occur during active infection and whether this interaction represent a putative target for the treatment of influenza infection. Current therapies targeting viral proteins are often limited in their effectiveness due to rapid development of viral resistance; targeting host proteins may avoid these limitations. Here we show that PDIA3 is specifically upregulated in IAV infected mouse or human lung epithelial cells and PDIA3 directly interacts with IAV-HA. Among PDI inhibitors tested, we found LOC14 inhibits PDIA3 at an IC50 of 5μM. Treatment with LOC14 inhibits PDIA3 activity in lung epithelial cells and subsequently decreases disulfide bonds, and oligomerization (maturation) of HA in both pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 infected lung epithelial cells. Disulfide labeling analysis indicated that inhibition of PDIA3 activity also decreased disulfide bonds in IAV-neuraminidase (NA) and these differences in oxidative folding correspond to a subsequent decrease in NA activity. Furthermore, these decreases in disulfide bonds significantly decrease viral load, and pro-inflammatory response from primary lung epithelial cells. Lung epithelial specific deletion of PDIA3 in mice results in a significant decreases in viral burden and levels of inflammatory-immune markers in mouse lung, as well as significantly improved airway mechanics (function). Taken together, these results suggest PDIA3 is required for effective influenza pathogenesis in vivo, and inhibition of PDIA3 may aid future development anti-influenza therapies based on inhibition of host PDIs to circumvent antigenic drifts and shifts of influenza and may lend critically needed help during pandemic and severe influenza seasons.
Desymmetrization of cyclohexanes by site- and stereoselective C–H functionalization

Carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds have long been considered unreactive and are inert to traditional chemical reagents, yet new methods for the transformation of these bonds are continually being developed1-9. However, it is challenging to achieve such transformations in a highly selective manner, especially if the C-H bonds are unactivated10 or not adjacent to a directing group11-13. Catalyst-controlled site-selectivity-in which the inherent reactivities of the substrates14 can be overcome by choosing an appropriate catalyst-is an appealing concept, and substantial effort has been made towards catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization6,15-17, in particular methylene C-H bond functionalization. However, although several new methods have targeted these bonds in cyclic alkanes, the selectivity has been relatively poor18-20. Here we illustrate an additional level of sophistication in catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization, whereby unactivated cyclohexane derivatives can be desymmetrized in a highly site- and stereoselective manner through donor/acceptor carbene insertion. These studies demonstrate the potential of catalyst-controlled site-selectivity to govern which C-H bond will react, which could enable new strategies for the production of fine chemicals.
T1ρ MRI of the talar articular cartilage is increased in those with chronic ankle instability.

Summary Objective To determine if individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate different talar cartilage T1ρ relaxation times compared to uninjured controls. Design Fifteen CAI (21.13 ± 1.81 years, 4.00 ± 2.07 previous ankle sprains) and fifteen controls (21.07 ± 2.55 years, no previous ankle sprains) participated. CAI inclusion criteria was in accordance with the International Ankle Consortium guidelines. Greater T1ρ relaxation times were interpreted as greater degenerative changes. Participants were non-weight bearing for 30-minutes prior to scanning to unload the cartilage. Voxel by voxel T1ρ relaxation times were calculated from a five image sequence. Segmentation of the talar cartilage was performed manually using ITK-SNAP software. T1ρ relaxation time means and variability across the entire talus and in the anteromeidal, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral regions of interest (ROIs) were compared between groups using mean differences and effect sizes (ES) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Individuals with CAI demonstrated higher T1ρ relaxation times (mean ± standard deviation) across the entire talus (CAI: 65.97 ± 10.45 ms, Control: 58.84 ± 7.68 ms; ES = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.02–1.50), in the anterolateral (ES = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.24–1.48), posteromedial (ES = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.01–1.49), and posterolateral region of interest (ES = 3.84, 95%CI = 2.63–5.04). The T1ρ relaxation time variability (mean ± standard deviation) also differed across the overall talus (CAI: 32.78 ± 4.06 ms, Control: 28.23 ± 4.45 ms; ES = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.28–1.80), in the anteriolateral, (ES = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.31, 1.84) and posteriolateral (ES = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.24–1.75) ROIs. Conclusions Individuals with CAI demonstrate greater T1ρ relaxation times and higher T1ρ variability compared to uninjured controls. This finding supports the existing literature illustrating early degenerative joint tissue changes consistent with early onset posttraumatic osteoarthritis in individuals with CAI.
Behavioral and Cardiovascular Effects of a Behavioral Weight Loss Program for People Living with HIV.

We recently reported that a 12-week internet weight loss program produced greater weight losses than education control in overweight/obese people living with HIV (PLWH) (4.4 kg vs 1.0 kg; p < 0.05). This manuscript presents the changes in diet, physical activity, behavioral strategies, and cardio-metabolic parameters. Participants (N = 40; 21 males, 19 females) were randomly assigned to an internet behavioral weight loss (WT LOSS) program or internet education control (CONTROL) and assessed before and after the 12-week program. Compared to CONTROL, the WT LOSS arm reported greater use of behavioral strategies, decreases in intake (− 681 kcal/day; p = 0.002), modest, non-significant, increases in daily steps (+ 1079 steps/day) and improvements on the Healthy Eating Index. There were no significant effects on cardio-metabolic parameters. The study suggests that a behavioral weight loss program increases the use of behavioral strategies and modestly improves dietary intake and physical activity in PLWH. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02421406.