cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-Chip Biomedical Imaging

Lab-on-a-chip systems have been rapidly emerging to pave the way toward ultra-compact, efficient, mass producible and cost-effective biomedical research and diagnostic tools. Although such microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems have achieved high levels of integration, and are capable of performing various important tasks on the same chip, such as cell culturing, sorting and staining, they still rely on conventional microscopes for their imaging needs. Recently, several alternative on-chip optical imaging techniques have been introduced, which have the potential to substitute conventional microscopes for various lab-on-a-chip applications. Here we present a critical review of these recently emerging on-chip biomedical imaging modalities, including contact shadow imaging, lens-free holographic microscopy, fluorescent on-chip microscopy and lens-free optical tomography.
Azita madjidi, m.d., m.s.

I want to thank Dr. Madjidi for serving as guest editor of this edition of Seminars in Plastic Surgery and the talented group of authors she has invited to contribute to this issue on “Ear Reconstruction.” Dr. Madjidi obtained her medical degree from Caen Medical School in Normandy, France, where she went on to complete her residency training in Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology in 1991. Following extensive training and French Board certification, Dr. Madjidi went on to work at the prestigious Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris as Chief of Clinics-Assistant in Pediatric Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery. There, she taught medical students and residents, and performed reconstructive surgeries on children with cleft lips, palates, and other birth defects. Dr. Madjidi built a private practice in affiliation with Laennec Hospital, St. Vincent-de-Paul Children's Hospital and the St. Joseph Foundation Hospital. She broadened her skills by participating in three plastic surgery fellowships: pediatric plastic and maxillofacial surgery and stomatology at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris, craniofacial surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and a plastic and reconstructive microsurgery fellowship at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. After moving to Texas, she completed formal American training by completing the General Surgery residency program at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston in 2004 and the Plastic Surgery residency program at Baylor in 2008. Currently, Dr. Madjidi is a board-certified plastic surgeon in private practice in Houston, where she has a true passion for reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery. Her vast medical education and fluency in several languages has allowed her to expand the scope of her practice to a broad population. In addition, she also dedicates much of her time to helping underprivileged children in Central America, Africa, and the Middle East by performing reconstructive surgeries on children with cleft lips, palates, and other birth defects.
Evaluation of a PCR Assay for Quantitation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Closely Related Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae

A spotted fever rickettsia quantitative PCR assay (SQ-PCR) was developed for the detection and enumeration of Rickettsia rickettsii and other closely related spotted fever group rickettsiae. The assay is based on fluorescence detection of SYBR Green dye intercalation in a 154-bp fragment of the rOmpA gene during amplification by PCR. As few as 5 copies of the rOmpA gene of R. rickettsii can be detected. SQ-PCR is suitable for quantitation of R. rickettsii and 10 other genotypes of spotted fever group rickettsiae but not for R. akari, R. australis, R. bellii, or typhus group rickettsiae. The sensitivity of SQ-PCR was comparable to that of a plaque assay using centrifugation for inoculation. The SQ-PCR assay was applied successfully to the characterization of rickettsial stock cultures, the replication of rickettsiae in cell culture, the recovery of rickettsial DNA following different methods of extraction, and the quantitation of rickettsial loads in infected animal tissues, clinical samples, and ticks.
Variations in Yarn Properties Caused by a Series of Design Changes in a Friction Spinning Machine

The structure of friction open-end yarns made with a much modified DREF 3 friction spinning unit with replaced suction rolls and equipped with a comber roll assembly from a Platt 881 rotor spinning unit was studied and found to be dissimilar to that of ring spun yarns. Migration theory, as it is known in ring spinning, was inadequate for friction spun yarns. Classical tracer fiber studies allowed yarn structure to be characterized, and fiber extent was poor. Of the three fiber shapes found in the yam, two had characteristics of very poor fiber extent. A series of design changes was evaluated by characterizing yarn structure and measuring yarn properties. Two methods of fiber feed were compared: applying the fibers first to the ingoing roll with subsequent transfer to the yarn tail, and applying the fibers directly to the rotating yarn tail. Changes in comber roll design led to improved fiber orientation prior to assembly onto the yarn tail and, ultimately, to improved fiber length utilization in the yarn....
Histology-Based Expression Profiling Yields Novel Prognostic Markers in Human Glioblastoma

Although the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma is poor, survival is variable, with some patients surviving longer than others. For this reason, there has been longstanding interest in the identification of prognostic markers for glioblastoma. We hypothesized that specific histologic features known to correlate with malignancy most likely express molecules that are directly related to the aggressive behavior of these tumors. We further hypothesized that such molecules could be used as biomarkers to predict behavior in a manner that might add prognostic power to sole histologic observation of the feature. We reasoned that perinecrotic tumor cell palisading, which denotes the most aggressive forms of malignant gliomas, would be a striking histologic feature on which to test this hypothesis. We therefore used laser capture microdissection and oligonucleotide arrays to detect molecules differentially expressed in perinecrotic palisades. A set of RNAs (including POFUT2, PTDSR, PLOD2, ATF5, and HK2) that were differentially expressed in 3 initially studied, microdissected glioblastomas also provided prognostic information in an independent set of 28 glioblastomas that did not all have perinecrotic palisades. On validation in a second, larger independent series, this approach could be applied to other human glioma types to derive tissue biomarkers that could offer ancillary prognostic and predictive information alongside standard histopathologic examination.
Wafer-level MEMS packaging via thermally released metal-organic membranes

This paper reports on the design, implementation and characterization of wafer-level packaging technology for a wide range of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. The encapsulation technique is based on thermal decomposition of a sacrificial polymer through a polymer overcoat to form a released thin-film organic membrane with scalable height on top of the active part of the MEMS. Hermiticity and vacuum operation are obtained by thin-film deposition of a metal such as chromium, aluminum or gold. The thickness of the overcoat can be optimized according to the size of the device and differential pressure to package a wide variety of MEMS such as resonators, accelerometers and gyroscopes. The key performance metrics of several batches of packaged devices do not degrade as a result of residues from the sacrificial polymer. A Q factor of 5000 at a resonant frequency of 2.5 MHz for the packaged resonator, and a static sensitivity of 2 pF g −1 for the packaged accelerometer were obtained. Cavities as small as 0.000 15 mm 3 for the resonator and as large as 1 mm 3 for the accelerometer have been made by this method. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Ecosystem Services and Emergent Vulnerability in Managed Ecosystems: A Geospatial Decision-Support Tool

Managed ecosystems experience vulnerabilities when ecological resilience declines and key flows of ecosystem services become depleted or lost. Drivers of vulnerability often include local management actions in conjunction with other external, largerscale factors. To translate these concepts to management applications, we developed a conceptual model of feedbacks linking the provision of ecosystem services, their use by society, and anthropogenic change. From this model we derived a method to integrate existing geodata at relevant scales and in locally meaningful ways to provide decision-support for adaptive management efforts. To demonstrate our approach, we conducted a case study assessment of southeast Alaska, where managers are concerned with sustaining fish and wildlife resources in areas where intensive logging disturbance has occurred. Individual datasets were measured as indicators of one of three criteria: ecological capacity to support fish/wildlife populations (provision); human acquisition of fish/wildlife resources (use); and intensity of logging and related land-use change (disturbance). Relationships among these processes were analyzed using two methods—a watershed approach and a high-resolution raster—to identify where provision, use and disturbance were spatially coupled across the landscape. Our results identified very small focal areas of social-ecological coupling that, based on postlogging dynamics and other converging drivers of change, may indicate vulnerability resulting from depletion of ecosystem services. We envision our approach can be used to narrow down where adaptive management might be most beneficial, allowing practitioners with limited funds to prioritize efforts needed to address uncertainty and mitigate vulnerability in managed ecosystems.
Platform-independent and tool-neutral test descriptions for automated software testing

Current automatic test execution techniques are sensitive to changes in program implementation. Moreover, different test descriptions are required by different testing tools. As a result, it is difficult to maintain or port test descriptions. To address this problem, we developed TestTalk, a comprehensive testing language. TestTalk test descriptions are platform-independent and tool-neutral. The same software test in TestTalk can be automatically executed by different testing tools on different platforms. The goal of TestTalk is to make software test descriptions, which represent a significant portion of a software project, last as long as the software project.
Cancer of lung related to smoking behavior.

Detailed observations of the minutiae of smoking behavior of humans suggested the existence of wide variations in this behavior. Simulation of these various models of puffing behavior on an analytic smoking machine showed that significantly different amounts of tobacco tar were retrievable for each. Lung cancer and control patients were then observed to determine whether and the extent to which the cases exhibited high tar-yield smoking models. It was found that risk of lung cancer increases with the mean number of puffs taken per cigarette and with increases in the average length of time taken to smoke a cigarette regardless of age or amount smoked per day. This was also generally true when analyses were carried out specifically for variations in the number of puffs taken per cigarette. The exception to this was observed only where the largest number of puffs were taken per cigarette. Finally, it was shown that taking more puffs towards the end of a cigarette entails a higher risk than puffing regularly, and that the most frequently exhibited puffing patterns, puffing most often at the beginning, carried the lowest risk. We suggest that if these results were upheld in future replications, further evidence would be at hand of a dose-response relationship linking lung cancer and exposure to tobacco tar. Furthermore, these data would suggest that smokers could lower their risk by taking fewer puffs per cigarette, taking them shortly after lighting up, and smoking with only short intervals between puffs.
Extrauterine growth restriction: is it preventable?

afirmam que o tratamento nutricio-nal de neonatos prematuros, principalmente de prematuros extremos (PE), auxilia no crescimento a uma taxa proxi-ma a do crescimento intrauterino. Contudo, a restricao do crescimento extrauterino (RCEU) continua a ser prevalen-te, ocorrendo com a maioria dos prematuros extremos.
A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data

We combine mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data with non-molecular (morphological and natural history) data to conduct phylogenetic analyses and generate an evolutionary hypothesis for the relationships among nearly every species of Mesoamerican bufonid in the genus Incilius. We collected a total of 5,898 aligned base-pairs (bp) of sequence data from mitochondrial (mtDNA: 12S‐16S, cyt b, ND2‐CO1, including tRNAs TRP‐TYR and the origin of light strand replication; total 4,317 bp) and nuclear (CXCR4 and RAG1; total 1,581 bp) loci from 52 individual toads representing 37 species. For the non-molecular data, we collected 44 characters from 29 species. We also include Crepidophryne, a genus that has not previously been included in molecular analyses. We present results of parsimony and Bayesian analyses for these data separately and combined. Relationships based on the non-molecular data were poorly supported and did not resolve a monophyletic Incilius (Rhinella marina was nested within). Our molecular data provide significant support to most of the relationships. Our combined analyses demonstrate that inclusion of a considerably smaller dataset (44 vs. 5,898 characters) of non-molecular characters can provide significant support where the molecular relationships were lacking support. Our combined results indicate that Crepidophryne is nested within Incilius; therefore, we place the former in the synonymy of the latter taxon. Our study provides the most comprehensive evolutionary framework for Mesoamerican bufonids (Incilius), which we use as a starting point to invoke discussion on the evolution of their unique natural history traits.
Dopamine modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor in dorsal root ganglia neurons

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor plays a key role in the modulation of nociceptor excitability. To address whether dopamine can modulate the activity of TRPV1 channels in nociceptive neurons, the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists were tested on the capsaicin-activated current recorded from acutely dissociated small diameter (<27 μm) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Dopamine or SKF 81297 (an agonist at D1/D5 receptors), caused inhibition of both inward and outward currents by ∼60% and ∼48%, respectively. The effect of SKF 81297 was reversed by SCH 23390 (an antagonist at D1/D5 receptors), confirming that it was mediated by activation of D1/D5 dopamine receptors. In contrast, quinpirole (an agonist at D2 receptors) had no significant effect on the capsaicin-activated current. Inhibition of the capsaicin-activated current by SKF 81297 was mediated by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and highly dependent on external calcium. The inhibitory effect of SKF 81297 on the capsaicin-activated current was not affected when the protein kinase A (PKA) activity was blocked with H89, or when the protein kinase C (PKC) activity was blocked with bisindolylmaleimide II (BIM). In contrast, when the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was blocked with KN-93, the inhibitory effect of SKF 81297 on the capsaicin-activated current was greatly reduced, suggesting that activation of D1/D5 dopamine receptors may be preferentially linked to CaMKII activity. We suggest that modulation of TRPV1 channels by dopamine in nociceptive neurons may represent a way for dopamine to modulate incoming noxious stimuli.
Intimate Partner Violence Screening and Response: Policies and Procedures Across Health Care Facilities

Abstract Purpose This study examines policies and procedures for identifying and responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) among different types of health care settings. Methods This epidemiologic, cross-sectional, observational study design collected data from June 2014 to January 2015 through a telephone questionnaire from a stratified random sample of 288 health care facilities in Miami-Dade County, Florida. An overall response rate of 76.2% was achieved from 72 primary care clinics, 93 obstetrics/gynecology clinics, 106 pediatric clinics, and 17 emergency departments (EDs). Results There is a general awareness of the importance of IPV screening with 78.1% of facilities (95% CI, 73.9%–82.3%) reporting some type of IPV screening procedures. Wide variation exists, however, in how practices are implemented, with only 35.3% of facilities (95% CI, 29.5%–41.1%) implementing multicomponent, comprehensive IPV screening and response programs. Differences were also observed by setting with EDs reporting the most comprehensive programs. Conclusions This study yields important empirical information regarding the extent to which IPV screening and response procedures are currently being implemented in both clinic and acute health care settings along with areas where improvements are needed.
Effective Public Administration for a Mid-Sized Space Power: Comparison of Canada and the United States

The development of space technologies is tied to economic and national interests. Historically, space technology development has been dominated by government agencies. There are key difference between the public administration models implemented by Canada and the United States due to the vast differences in resources. Topics examined in this article include legislative acts, organizational structure, contractor relations, breadth of research, national prestige, policy setting, and the economic activity generated by public space programs. In contrast to the United States, Canada has emphasized development of industrial, rather than in-house, capabilities and has focused on developing niche expertise to achieve national objectives.
Activation of MEK/ERK signaling by PACAP in guinea pig cardiac neurons

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling can increase guinea pig cardiac neuron excitability in part through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The present study examined the PACAP receptors and signaling cascades that stimulate guinea pig cardiac neuron ERK signaling using confocal microscopy to quantify PACAP-induced neuronal phosphorylated ERK (pERK) immunoreactivity. PACAP and maxadilan, but not vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), increased cardiac neuron pERK, implicating primary roles for PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor (Adcyap1r1) signaling rather than VPAC receptors (Vipr1 and Vipr2) in the generation of cardiac neuron pERK. The adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator forskolin, but not the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), increased pERK. Also, Bim1 did not blunt PACAP activation of pERK. Together, the results suggest PAC1 receptor signal transduction via Gs/adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP rather than Gq/phospholipase C (PLC) generated neuronal pERK. Activator and inhibitor studies suggested that the PACAP-mediated pERK activation was PKA-dependent rather than an exchange protein directly activated by a cAMP (EPAC), PKA-independent mechanism. The PACAP-induced pERK was inhibited by the clathrin inhibitor Pitstop2 to block receptor internalization and endosomal signaling. We propose that the PACAP-mediated MEK/ERK activation in cardiac neurons involves both AC/cAMP/PKA signaling and PAC1 receptor internalization/activation of signaling endosomes.
Automated learning of appraisal extraction patterns

This paper describes a grammatically motivated system for extracting opinionated text. A technique for extracting appraisal expressions has been described in previous work, using manually constructed syntactic linkages to locate targets of the opinions. The system extracts attitudes using a general lexicon—and some candidate targets using a domain specific lexicon—and finds additional targets using the syntactic linkages. In this paper, we discuss a technique for automatically learning the syntactic linkages from a list of all extracted attitudes and the list of candidate targets. The accuracy of the new learned linkages is comparable to the accuracy of the old manual linkages.
The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts

A typical closed-loop control system causes the A/F to cycle rapidly about the stoichiometrically balanced composition with a frequency of about 1 Hz. This operating condition has generated considerable interest in how the A/F perturbations influence catalyst performance compared with a non-cycled stoichiometric feedstream and how catalysts may be formulated to perform optimally in cycled feeds. The recent literature aimed at understanding the transient behavior of three-way catalysts will be reviewed here.
Smart Cities + Smart Citizens = Civic Intelligence?

The title of this chapter is an algebraic way of introducing the relationship of three broad concepts which naturally will not succumb easily to simple relationships that “+” and “=” imply. The question mark at the end suggests that the relationship might not always hold. When faced with algebra problems, the basic goal is to isolate the unknown variable, which for the purpose of this exploration will be “smart citizens.” The rules of the algebraic game always allow us to subtract equal quantities from both sides of the equation. Thus we can subtract “smart cities” from both sides of the equation in the title, which results in a new view of the same equation: Smart Citizens = Civic intelligence – Smart Cities? The purpose of this chapter then is to use the concepts of civic intelligence and smart cities to determine the value of smart citizens. It is this “value” of smart citizens that we must learn and then – moving out of the algebraic realm into the real world – contemplate how we ensure that we have sufficiently smart citizens to make up for what the smart city approach is unlikely to provide in our pursuit of civic intelligence.
In situ respiration measurements of megafauna in the Kermadec Trench

Abstract The aim of this paper is to measure metabolic rates of megafauna living in depths greater than 6000 m. Echinoderms, actinarians and a polychaete were captured by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and inserted into respiration chambers in situ at depths of 4049 m, 7140 m and 8074 m in the region of the Kermadec Trench SW Pacific Ocean. Hadal research has moved into a new frontier as technological improvements now allow for a meticulous investigation of trench ecology in depths greater than 6000 m. The development of an in situ respirometer for use in these studies was deployed in the Kermadec Trench to obtain the first ever rates of basal metabolic rates of hadal megafauna. Typical deep-sea experiments of individual animal physiology must deal with covarying factors of pressure, temperature, light and food supply in this study investigated the effects of pressure and increased food supply on overall animal metabolism. In the Kermadec Trench, holothurian respiration rates (n=4), 0.079±0.011 (mean±SE) µmol-O 2 g −1 h −1 , were higher than those captured at abyssal depths (n=2), 0.018±0.002 µmol-O 2 g -1 h −1 , in the same region (p 10 adjusted to a common temperature of 2.5 °C trench holothurian respiration rates ranged between 0.068 and 0.119 µmol-O 2 g −1 h −1 . Anemone respiration rates were remarkably similar between abyssal and hadal specimens, 0.110 and 0.111 µmol-O 2 g −1 h −1 , respectively. Our results on echinoderm respiration when corrected for temperature and mass fall below the slope regression when compared with other in situ measurements at shallower ocean depths.
Temperature dependence of the resistivity of dielectric materials

The electrical conductivity, σ, can be written in terms of the Kubo-Greenwood equation as a function of energy, E, and the temperature, T, as σ(E, T) = ∫N(E, T) f(E, T) e μ(E, T) dE, where N(E, T) is the electron density of states function (1). The Fermi function, f(E, T), is given by, f(E, T) = (1 + exp(E − E f )/kT)−1. (2) Here e is the electronic charge, and μ(E, T) is the charge carrier mobility. If one makes the assumption that N(E, T) is independent of temperature (2), and likewise for μ(E, T), then the temperature dependence of σ(E, T) should be that given by f(E, T). It is well known that the temperature dependence of the Fermi function does not in genera I describe the temperature dependence of the conductivity of materials.
MISSION 5000: A NATIONAL PROGRAM TO ELIMINATE DUMPS

Results of a national survey of over 17,000 land disposal sites are presented. Open dumps predominate, 94%, and contribute to our environmental problems of air, water, and visual pollution. Only 6% of the land disposal sites met the very minimum requirements for a sanitary landfill. MISSION 5000, a national program to eliminate 5000 open dumps during a 2-year period, is described in detail. The Environmental Protection Agency's activities of program direction, training, and technical assistance are discussed. Activities and support of State government, civic, trade and professional organizations, and the public are also outlined. Solid waste management solutions and alternatives to open dumps are offered with the basic operational differences between open dumps and sanitary landfills highlighted. The paper concludes with a first year progress report on MISSION 5000.
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell 12-Lipoxygenase by Growth Factors and Inflammatory Cytokines

The process of atherosclerosis involves a complex interaction of several growth factors, lipids and cytokines1. Each of the major cell types involved, namely, platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells can produce and also respond to these agents thus setting up a network of autocrine/paracrine effects responsible for the development and progression of the fatty streak. Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) has been implicated as critical events in atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are not very clear. Further, very few studies have addressed the role of free lipids in these events.
Is low iodine a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Americans without thyroid dysfunction? Findings from NHANES.

Abstract Background and aims Low body iodine levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, in part through alterations in thyroid function. While this association suggested from animal studies, it lacks supportive evidence in humans. This study examined the association between urine iodine levels and presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke in adults without thyroid dysfunction. Methods and results This cross-sectional study included 2440 adults (representing a weighted n = 91,713,183) aged ≥40 years without thyroid dysfunction in the nationally-representative 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The age and sex-adjusted urine iodine/creatinine ratio (aICR) was categorized into low (aICR Conclusion The association between low urine iodine levels and CAD should be confirmed in a prospective study with serial measures of urine iodine. If low iodine levels precede CAD, then this potential and modifiable new CAD risk factor might have therapeutic implications.
Coherent color flow imaging: Velocity estimation using coherent signals

We present a modification to time-delay and phase-shift estimators used in ultrasound imaging methods. In this modification, we selectively eliminate covariance terms from the estimator corresponding to channel signal pairs that have low coherence. We demonstrate this modification in simulation and phantom experiments in the application of color flow imaging. We demonstrate this technique in application to color flow imaging in simulations and a tissue-mimicking phantom. In these experiments, we show that elimination of the low coherence terms reduces velocity estimation jitter (standard deviation of the error).
Effect of Differing Parameters on Irreversible Electroporation in a Porcine Model

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new ablative technology to treat small renal masses. We evaluated differed ablation settings on lesion size and temperat...
Complications of Supine Surgical Achilles Tendon Repair.

Background:Open Achilles tendon surgery with the patient in the supine position potentially avoids the complications of the prone position, but the safety and viability of the supine position for t...
Concordance among children, caregivers, and clinicians on barriers to controller medication use.

Objective: While much research has addressed asthma medication adherence, few have combined quantitative and qualitative data, and none has addressed the triad of child, caregiver, and clinician si...
Arthroscopic-Assisted Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis for Symptomatic Biceps Tendon Disorder

Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon have been recognized to be a common source of anterior shoulder pain and dysfunction. Common syndromes include primary biceps tendinitis, symptomatic biceps tendon subluxation, traumatic biceps tearing, coracoid impingement, and biceps tendinitis associated with either superior labrum anterior-to-posterior lesions or rotator cuff tears. The diagnosis is made on history of anterior shoulder pain, tenderness in the bicipital groove, and symptomatic relief of the pain with an injection of local anesthetic into the bicipital groove. MRI is not reliable in the diagnosis of biceps tendon disorders. When nonoperative treatment fails to relieve the symptoms of painful biceps tendinitis, biceps tenotomy or biceps tenodesis are often considered. In this chapter, we will review the pathology and anatomy of biceps tendon lesions, and the advantages of arthroscopic-assisted subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Excellent outcomes have been reported with this technique.
Requirements for Online Reputation Analysis

Responsible communication operatives feed social media elements not only daily but hourly these days. The intention is to build trust through quick, truthful, and transparent communication (Beal & Strauss, 2008). Moreover, traditional press releases are discussed in blogs, microblogs, social networks, and sometimes even in wikis. Products are assessed through rating systems; advertisements are displayed, tagged, and commented: but above all, crisis situations are taken to external social media elements, where the consumers, mostly outside the reach of the organizations, discuss them. To this end, (Thiessen, 2011) provides a conceptual framework for communication in crisis situations. In the course of this an organization’s quick, truthful, and transparent communication turns out to be a key instrument for sustaining reputation during a crisis.
Hox genes, clusters and collinearity

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the discovery by Ed Lewis of the property of collinearity in the bithorax gene complex in Drosophila. This landmark work illustrated the need to understand regulatory mechanisms that coordinate expression of homeotic gene clusters. Through the efforts of many groups, investigation of the Hox gene family has generated many fundamental findings on the roles and regulation of this conserved gene family in development, disease and evolution. This has led to a number of important conceptual advances in gene regulation and evolutionary biology. This article presents some of the history and advances made through studies on Hox gene clusters.
Tweeting about terror: A World Systems Theory approach to comparing international newspaper coverage online:

This study looks at news coverage of terrorist attacks on Twitter over a five-year period. It examines Twitter accounts of three US and three UK elite newspapers. This study found that terrorist at...
Women and Aging

Aging is a poorly understood phenomenon, both physiologically and psychosocially. Our ignorance reflects our youth-oriented society and its massive avoidance of the subject of aging and death. It accounts for the persistence of the many myths, prejudices, and stereotypes associated with the aging process.
2-deoxy-sugars.

Abstract An anomerically pure furanoside was obtained in crystalline form from the methyl glycosidation of 2-deoxy- d -arabino-hexose; it was converted into a stable, crystalline O-acylglycofuranosyl halide by the following sequence of reactions: methyl 2-deoxy-α- d -arabino-hexofuranoside → methyl 5,6-O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-α- d -arabino-hexoside → methyl 5,6-O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-3-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-α- d -arabino-hexoside →5,6-O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-3-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-α- d -arabino-hexosyl bromide. The new halide was treated with 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine by Hilbert-Johnson procedure to give 1-(5-6-O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-3-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-β- d -arabino-hexosyl)-4-methoxy-2(1H-pyrimidinone, which underwent ammonolysis to yield 1-(2-deoxy-α- d -arabino-hexofuranosyl)cystosine. Demethylation of the pyrimidinone, followed by deacylation, gave the corresponding uracil nucleoside. 1-(2-Deoxy-β(?)- d -arabino-hexofuranosyl)-thymine, the furanoid isomer of 1-(2-deoxy-β- d -arabino-hexopyranosyl) thymine (a powerful and specific inhibitor of a pyrimidine phosphorylase obtained from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells) was prepared in a manner similar to that for the uracil nucleoside.
An integrative review: maternal engagement in the neonatal intensive care unit and health outcomes for U.S.-born preterm infants and their parents

Hospitals and perinatal organizations recognize the importance of family engagement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) defines family engagement as "A set of behaviors by patients, family members, and health professionals and a set of organizational policies and procedures that foster both the inclusion of patients and family members as active members of the health care team and collaborative partnerships with providers and provider organizations." In-unit barriers and facilitators to enhance family engagement are well studied; however, less is known specifically about maternal engagement's influence in the NICU on the health of infants and mothers, particularly within U.S. social and healthcare contexts. In this integrative review, we examine the relationship between maternal engagement in the NICU and preterm infant and maternal health outcomes within the U.S. Results from the 33 articles that met inclusion criteria indicate that maternal engagement in the NICU is associated with infant outcomes, maternal health-behavior outcomes, maternal mental health outcomes, maternal-child bonding outcomes, and breastfeeding outcomes. Skin-to-skin holding is the most studied maternal engagement activity in the U.S. preterm NICU population. Further research is needed to understand what types of engagement are most salient, how they should be measured, and which immediate outcomes are the best predictors of long-term health and well-being.
Characterization of mouse ocular response to a 35-day spaceflight mission: Evidence of blood-retinal barrier disruption and ocular adaptations.

The health risks associated with spaceflight-induced ocular structural and functional damage has become a recent concern for NASA. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of spaceflight and reentry to 1 g on the structure and integrity of the retina and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in the eye. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Ten week old male C57BL/6 mice were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on Space-X 12 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on August, 2017. After a 35-day mission, mice were returned to Earth alive. Within 38 +/− 4 hours of splashdown, mice were euthanized and ocular tissues were collected for analysis. Ground control (GC) and vivarium control mice were maintained on Earth in flight hardware or normal vivarium cages respectively. Repeated intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were performed before the flight launch and re-measured before the mice were euthanized after splashdown. IOP was significantly lower in post-flight measurements compared to that of pre-flight (14.4–19.3 mmHg vs 16.3–20.3 mmHg) (p < 0.05) for the left eye. Flight group had significant apoptosis in the retina and retinal vascular endothelial cells compared to control groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of the retina revealed that an increased expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in the flight mice compared to controls gave strong indication of disturbance of BRB integrity. There were also a significant increase in the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and a decrease in the expression of the BRB-related tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Proteomic analysis showed that many key proteins and pathways responsible for cell death, cell cycle, immune response, mitochondrial function and metabolic stress were significantly altered in the flight mice compared to ground control animals. These data indicate a complex cellular response that may alter retina structure and BRB integrity following long-term spaceflight.
On the origins of the low-frequency sea surface height variability of the Patagonia shelf region

Abstract In this study, we identify the drivers of the dominant mode of sea surface height interannual variability over the Patagonian shelf using a suite of process-oriented numerical experiments. Consistent with altimetry, the dominant mode of the model sea surface height interannual variability, which accounts for approximately 84% of the total variance, exhibits a robust deterministic low-frequency variability. The weak sea surface height gradients indicate that this mode has a weak dynamical effect, but the contribution of the steric effect is shown to be non significant. Here we demonstrate that the temporal variability of this mode is not driven by heat or freshwater fluxes but by the propagation of sea surface height perturbations generated in the Pacific. In particular, we show that sea surface height interannual variability over the Patagonian shelf is influenced by wind stress forcing in the offshore region of southern Chile and by the propagation of equatorial sea surface height anomalies.
Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Freedom in North America. Edited by Damian Alan Pargas. (Tallahassee, FL: University of Florida Press, 2018. Pp. 315. $65.00.)

Runaway slave advertisements are a staple of African American Studies. Gerald W. Mullin, for example, used them to debunk U.B. Phillips's myth of the happy slave. Michael A. Gomez discovered in not...
Asteriod Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2013 February-March. The Final Report.

Lightcurves for nine asteroids were obtained at the Palmer Divide Observatory (PDO) in 2013 February and March. These represent the final objects out of more than 1100 lightcurves measured at PDO over fourteen years. Of the nine objects reported here, six were Hungaria members, two were NEAs, and the remaining two were main belt members. Analysis of the data resulted in a revised rotation period for the Hungaria member 4531 Asaro. The near-Earth asteroid (5828) 1991 AM was found to be a possible binary system with an unusual lightcurve for the secondary period, while follow-up on known Hungaria binary 5899 Jedicke lead to a revised period for the primary and confirmation of the orbital period of the satellite.
Fiber engraving for bioink bioprinting within 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds.

Abstract In this work, we describe a new 3D printing methodology for the fabrication of multimaterial scaffolds involving the combination of thermoplastic extrusion and low temperature extrusion of bioinks. A fiber engraving technique was used to create a groove on the surface of a thermoplastic printed fiber using a commercial 3D printer and a low viscosity bioink was deposited into this groove. In contrast to traditional extrusion bioinks that rely on increased viscosity to prevent lateral spreading, this groove creates a defined space for bioink deposition. By physically constraining bioink spreading, a broader range of viscosities can be used. As proof-of-concept, we fabricated and characterized a multimaterial scaffold containing poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) as the thermoplastic polymer and a gelatin-based bioink. A 7.5 w/v% gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioink loaded with either 5 w/v% poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles containing fluorescent albumin or mouse fibroblasts (1 ​× ​106 ​cell/mL) was printed at 24 ​°C. The structure of the composite scaffolds had no significant decrease in porosity or mechanical properties as compared to the PCL control scaffolds, demonstrating the engraving technique did not significantly compromise the mechanical or structural integrity of the scaffold. The encapsulated PLGA microparticles were homogeneously distributed in the GelMA and remained in the scaffolds after incubation in PBS for 24 ​h ​at 37 ​°C. In addition, the viability of the fibroblasts encapsulated in the GelMA bioink and printed in the grooves of the PCL scaffolds was confirmed after 24 ​h of incubation. Overall, this work provides a new methodology for the preparation of 3D printed scaffolds containing a robust thermoplastic structure in combination with low viscosity bioinks.
Growth Factors and Osteoarthritis

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases, causing pain and disability in over 10% of populations. Pathological changes of OA are complicated and affect the entire joint. To date there is no cure for OA. As joint development and homeostasis require multiple growth factors and OA involves dysregulation of growth factor signaling, an in-depth understanding of growth factors in OA is necessary for identification of promising drug targets for OA treatment. Here we review and discuss current findings about the functions of six growth factor families, TGF-β, IGF, NGF, Hedgehog, Wnt, and FGF in OA pathogenesis.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Saliva

Blood monitoring of therapeutic drugs is frequently used in clinical settings for the purpose of optimizing drug therapy. Psychotropic and psychiatric medications are used to treat a variety of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Saliva is gaining increasing attention as a bioanalytical sample matrix for drug monitoring, including monitoring of psychotropic medications. Much of the advantages of saliva sampling come from the easy and noninvasive nature of saliva collection, which has clear advantages over blood draws, especially in pediatric populations or when frequent monitoring is required. Great improvements in the development of accurate and reliable methods for sample collection and highly sensitive and specific analytical methods for saliva testing of drugs have been observed in recent years. This chapter will review studies supporting the applicability of saliva for monitoring of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotic drugs. Further, this chapter will cover the main technological advances over the last decade, which have made oral fluid analysis of drugs possible.
Disciplinary disparities by race and disability: using DisCrit theory to examine the manifestation determination review process in special education in the United States

Exclusionary discipline practices in the United States are used disproportionately in the punishment of Black students with a disability compared to White and Black students with or without a disab...
Recap of 2019 IAEE Expo Expo

This paper is a summary of the 2019 International Association of Exhibitions and Events (IAEE), EXPO! EXPO! Annual Meeting and Exhibition held in Las Vegas, Nevada on December 3–5, 2019 at the Mand...
Structural validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for preschoolers with neurogenetic syndromes

Abstract Background Psychologists routinely use the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5 (CBCL) to assess challenging behaviors of preschoolers with developmental disabilities. However, the CBCL has not been thoroughly validated in neurogenetic syndromes (NGS). Aim We investigated the structural validity of the CBCL in NGS. Methods Based on 152 preschoolers with Angelman, fragile X, Prader-Willi, and Williams syndromes, we employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of CBCL narrowband, broadband, and DSM-oriented scales. Results CFA models largely supported the unidimensionality of most narrowband scales and the two-factor structure of internalizing and externalizing broadband scales. However, there was limited evidence for the unidimensionality of most DSM-oriented scales. Conclusions Psychologists may consider using the CBCL as a psychometrically sound narrowband and broadband measure of challenging behaviors but should exercise caution when interpreting DSM-oriented scales for preschoolers with NGS. Our findings underscore a continued need to enhance assessment measures for identifying early precursors of child psychopathology in pediatric populations with atypical developmental trajectories.
Do it yourself Morphology, wear and 3D digital surface models: materials and techniques to create high-resolution replicas of teeth

Many anthropological studies are derived from the analysis of dental casts. Dental mor-phology plays a key role for taxonomy (Wood, 1991), diet and ecological assessments (Swindler, 1976). Tooth wear provides information about food composition (Ungar, 2007), environment, cultural habits (Hinton, 1981), jaw movements (Kay & Hiiemae, 1974), health conditions (King
Cranio-Orbital Pretemporal Approach for Resection of Right Superior Orbital Fissure/Orbital Renal Cell Metastasis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Orbital metastatic lesions are rare entities1-3 best treated with radical surgical resection with preservation/improvement of neurological and visual function.1-9 Renal cell metastases, in particular, respond less favorably to radiation.9 To our knowledge, an operative video of microsurgical resection of a renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the superior orbital fissure and orbit has not been reported. A patient presented with worsening right eye vision as demonstrated on preoperative visual field testing and found to have a 3 × 1 × 1 cm lesion in the orbit and superior orbital fissure. The patient was placed supine and stealth neuronavigation was used to aid in tumor localization and extension. A cranio-orbital craniotomy and pretemporal exposure2,10,11 were performed to allow extradural dissection of the dura propria off the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Right-sided extradural cranial nerves II, III, IV, V1, and V2 were identified, and a high-speed diamond drill was used to perform extradural anterior clinoidectomy and optic nerve decompression. Microsurgical resection of the intraorbital tumor components was performed by the senior author (KIA) to delineate the plane between tumor and periorbita. An oval-shaped dural opening was made to resect the dura involved by tumor, confirmed on histological analysis, followed by closure via dural allograft. The patient's right-sided visual field improved markedly after surgery. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the orbit should be resected while preserving and improving preoperative neurological and visual function. The orbitocranial pretemporal approach offers wide visualization to achieve surgical resection. The patient provided written consent and permission to publish her image.
Sigurd Bergmann and Forrest Clingerman (eds.), Arts, Religion, and the Environment: Exploring Nature’s Texture

Sigurd Bergmann and Forrest Clingerman (eds.), Arts, Religion, and the Environment: Exploring Nature’s Texture (Leiden and Boston: Brill Rodopi, 2018), 220 pp., $109.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-90-04-35535-4.