cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A differential self-biased slew rate controlled driver for accurate cross-over and rise-fall time matching

A self biased cross coupled 12Mbps 3.3V differential voltage driver presented with <+/-3% rise-fall time mismatch for paired transitions ensuring accurate cross over voltage. Implemented in 45nm CMOS technology without 3.3V gate oxide device, design occupies 0.083 mm2 and consumes < 15mW for 50pF load with 6MHz clock pattern. This architecture achieves a ∼1.57X rise-fall time variation over 12X load capacitor variation across process, voltage and temperature.
Habituation reduces novelty-induced FOS expression in the striatum and cingulate cortex

Exposure to novel environments is known to induce c-fos expression in the cingulate cortex and dorsomedial striatum. This study examined the effects of 1, 3, and 7 days of exposure to sequential exposure to three novel environments. It was hypothesized that the ability of novel environment shuttling (NES) would induce c-fos expression as indicated by cells displaying FOS-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the striatum and cingulate cortex which would decrease with repeated exposure. NES elicited FLI in both the cingulate cortex and striatum when compared to home-cage controls and this effect was attenuated with repeated exposure. Behavioral measures of activity decreased with repeated exposure suggesting that the decrease in FLI may be due to either a reduction in motor activity or increasing familiarity with the environments.
Scalable, Stereocontrolled Total Syntheses of (±)-Axinellamines A and B

The development of a simple, efficient, scalable, and stereocontrolled synthesis of a common intermediate en route to the axinellamines, massadines, and palau’amine is reported. This completely new route was utilized to prepare the axinellamines on a gram scale. In a more general sense, three distinct and enabling methodological advances were made during these studies: (1) an ethylene glycol-assisted Pauson–Khand cycloaddition reaction, (2) a Zn/In-mediated Barbier-type reaction, and (3) a TfNH2-assisted chlorination–spirocyclization.
Self-Injury in a Statewide Sample of Young Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a devastating condition associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Efforts to understand its development are focused on early childhood when the behavior first emerges. Limited prevalence data on SIB during early childhood are currently available. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of SIB in a sample of children with IDD between the ages of 18 and 72 months and associated demographic, diagnostic, and behavioral characteristics. The prevalence rate was 19.1% for SIB including head banging, self-biting, and hitting self. Factors associated with SIB in adults, such as severe intellectual disability; visual, hearing, or mobility impairment; or diagnoses of autism, cerebral palsy, or seizure disorder were not associated with SIB in these children. However, children with SIB had higher rates of Hurtful to Others than the contrast group. Issues related to the characterization of SIB in young children are also discussed.
Multiresolution Schemes for Conservation Laws with Viscosity

This paper presents multiresolution schemes for the efficient numerical solution of one-dimensional conservation laws with viscosity. The method, originally developed by A. Harten (Commun. Pure Appl. Math.,to appear) for hyperbolic conservation laws, computes the cell average multiresolution representation of the solution which provides much information about the solution's regularity. As a consequence, the possibly expensive ENO (essentially nonoscillatory) reconstruction as well as numerous flux computations are performed only near discontinuities, and thereby the numerical solution procedure becomes considerably more efficient. The multiresolution scheme is also expected to “follow” possibly unsteady irregularities from one time step to the next. When viscosity is added, predicting the location of the irregularity becomes a problem of estimating the change in shock thickness. To this end, we derive shock width estimates for our 1D prototype equations, which, when combined with the stability restriction of the numerical scheme, provide a reliable mechanism for enlarging the original multiresolution stencil. The numerical experiments for scalar conservation laws indicate the feasibility of multiresolution schemes for the viscous case as well.
Coral fluorescence characteristics: excitation/emmission spectra, fluorescence efficiences, and contribution to apparent reflectance

The fluorescence characteristic of Caribbean corals have been investigated through in situ and laboratory spectral measurements. Four pigments are the source of most of the observed emissions. In vivo excitation/emission spectra were measured to determine Stokes shift and bandwidth of each of the types. Fluorescence efficiencies for natural fluorescence of the chlorophyll in the zooxanthellae were estimated from 18 in situ measurements, yielding values from 0.15-0.91 percent. Fluorescence efficiencies of the host pigments in 3 strongly fluorescent coral specimens were estimated from shipboard measurements and ranged form 4-6 percent. The quantitative data re being used in a computational model to investigate the contribution of fluorescence to apparent reflectance signatures.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A program-controlled program interruption system

In a computer complex now under development at IBM for the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, a major objective is to improve performance by eliminating unnecessary waiting. A fundamental concept is that of multiple data processing units sharing a common memory and operating simultaneously and asynchronously. This complex must be capable of immediate and coordinated response to external signals. These two concepts demand special methods of switching any single unit from one program to another. The system by which a computer unit responds to arbitrarily timed signals with programs pertinent to each signal will be called a program interruption system.
New η6-arene complexes of nickel(II): polyarene and fused arene systems

Two reactions schemes have been employed to prepare a series of polyarene and fused arene-Ni(SiCl3)2 complexes. The first method was based on arene ⇄ arene′ exchange equilibria, and the second employed the production of the Ni(SiCl3)2 moiety in the presence of the desired arene by the reaction of (allyl)2Ni derivatives with HSiCl3. Arenes employed were biphenyl, 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl, diphenylmethane, 1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4′-paracyclophane, naphthaene, and anthracene. Equilibria studies showed that the tendency to ind with the Ni(SiCl3)2 moiety was in the order 4,4′-paracyclophane > toluene > diphenylmethane > 1,2-diphenylethane > -biphenyl > naphthalene ∼ anthracene > halobenzenes. Repeated attempts to bind two arene groups in the same molecule with two Ni(SiCl3)2 groups failed, as did attempts to prepared (Cl3Si)2Ni-arene-Ni(SiCl3)2 species.
Diffusion of water from soils encapsulated by impregnated geotextiles (MESLs)

Abstract An analytical model for moisture flow in the composite system of soil-impregnated geotextile-air is presented. It is directed towards the membrane encapsulated soil layer (MESL) problem, although the approach is applicable to a wide range of geomembrane situations. General results are obtained as a function of membrane diffusion coefficients for the change in water content of an encapsulated soil mass over a given time. As an example, by using a criterion of allowing no more than a 1% change in water content of the encapsulated soil (100 cm thick) over one year, it is found that a diffusion coefficient of 10 −7 cm 2 /s or lower is needed for a 0·1 cm thick membrane. Similarly, other situations of practical interest can be formulated.
LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATIENTS' MEASURED BURDEN OF DISEASE AND RISK FOR HOSPITAL READMISSION

Identifying patients at increased risk for hospital readmission is important for clinicians, health policy-makers, hospital administrators, and researchers. We used a retrospective case-control design to compare the clinimetric properties of five validated indices that measure a patient's disease burden. The study was conducted on a random sample of patients discharged from the general medicine service at the Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Trained observers (two research assistants, one nurse, and two physicians) blinded to readmission status abstracted the required data elements from the medical record for three indices (Charlson, Kaplan-Feinstein, Index of Coexistent Disease). The hospital's computer provided data elements for two indices (Smith, adapted Charlson). Indices varied in the time required to complete, the ability to capture individual heterogeneity, and inter-observer variability. However, none of the indices discriminated among patients who did and those who did not have 6-month hospital readmissions. Factors other than summary scores derived from these indices should be used to identify patients at high risk for readmission.
Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis

Specific Language Impairment (SLI) has been explained by two broad classes of hypotheses, which posit either a deficit specific to grammar, or a non-linguistic processing impairment. Here we advance an alternative perspective. According to the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH), SLI can be largely explained by the abnormal development of brain structures that constitute the procedural memory system. This system, which is composed of a network of interconnected structures rooted in frontal/basal-ganglia circuits, subserves the learning and execution of motor and cognitive skills. Crucially, recent evidence also implicates this system in important aspects of grammar. The PDH posits that a significant proportion of individuals with SLI suffer from abnormalities of this brain network, leading to impairments of the linguistic and non-linguistic functions that depend on it. In contrast, functions such as lexical and declarative memory, which depend on other brain structures, are expected to remain largely spared. Evidence from an in-depth retrospective examination of the literature is presented. It is argued that the data support the predictions of the PDH, and particularly implicate Broca's area within frontal cortex, and the caudate nucleus within the basal ganglia. Finally, broader implications are discussed, and predictions for future research are presented. It is argued that the PDH forms the basis of a novel and potentially productive perspective on SLI.
THE ROLE OF ALKOXYL RADICALS IN GIF (GOAGGV) CHEMISTRY

The oxidation of cyclooctane using tert-alkyl hydroperoxides under GoAggV conditions has been examined using selected alkyl hydroperoxides as mechanistic probes. The results indicate that the products are formed by alkoxyl radical-induced reactions, there being no need to invoke any chemistry involving high valent iron-oxo species.
Professional and Ordinary Morality: A Reply to Freedman

After rereading Freedman's original essay, I still find my earlier interpretations to be legitimate renderings of the essay. I must apologize, however, for not supplying the further exegesis warranted by his astute "Response." I want to use the allotted space for clarifying further the substantive issues over which we differ concerning the relationship between professional and ordinary morality. The following is a list of a few things that might be meant in drawing a distinction between professional and ordinary morality. They constitute only rough sketches of definitions based upon, respectively, de facto standards, the content of justified principles, the origin of justified principles, and professional status viewed as an act-permitting condition: (1) Professional morality consists of the standards endorsed by professionals or professional societies. Ordinary morality is the set of standards people endorse in their nonprofessional, private lives. (2) Professional morality is the set of binding moral obligations to which professionals ought to be committed because of their special skills, functions, working milieu, etc. Ordinary morality is the set of valid moral considerations and morally correct judgments considered in abstraction from the special context of the professions and the specific moral obligations of professionals. (3) Ordinary morality in some sense 'emanates from' or has its origin (or justification?) in basic features of the human condition, whereas professional morality derives from the special roles of professionals. (4) Professional morality is a set of valid moral principles which sometimes requires acts that are immoral for anyone except persons having professional status. Ordinary morality is the set of considerations which would make the acts immoral in the case of nonprofessional agents. We may set aside 1. In my earlier essay I ascribed 2 to Freedman, not 3. In his "Response," Freedmancommits himself to the combination of 3 and 4. Following Freedman's lead, I want to focus on 4. In his words, it "requires that professional morality call upon us to do acts (or to refrain from doing acts) whose omission (or performance) would be immoral, save for the fact of the actor's professional identity." Ordinary morality consists in what a person "would be obliged to do save for the fact of belonging to this profession." These are presented in the "Response" as
UHF high-order radial-contour-mode disk resonators

A micromechanical, laterally vibrating disk resonator, fabricated via a technology combining polysilicon surface-micromachining and metal electroplating to attain sub-micron lateral capacitive gaps, has been demonstrated at frequencies as high as 829 MHz and with Q's as high as 23,000 at 193 MHz. Furthermore, the resonators have been demonstrated operating in the first three radial contour modes, allowing a significant frequency increase without scaling the device, and a 193 MHz resonator has been shown operating at atmospheric pressure with a Q of 8,880-evidence that vacuum packaging is not necessary for many applications. The geometric dimensions necessary to reach a given frequency are larger for this contour-mode than for the flexural-modes used by previous resonators. This, coupled with its unprecedented Q value, makes this disk resonator a choice candidate for use in the IF and RF stages of future miniaturized transceivers.
Relationship of Various Blood Metabolites to Voluntary Feed Intake in Lactating Ewes

Two-day trials were conducted with ewes in early lactation. A pelleted ration (45% conc-55% roughage) was fed for a period of three hours at 8 AM and 3:30 PM. On day 1 sufficient feed was offered to insure ad libitum consumption at both periods. On day 2 the AMfeed was limited to one-half the amount consumed dur ing the pre-experimental AMperiod, and the PM feed was ad libitum. Carotid and jugu lar blood samples were taken at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 7 hours after the AMmeal. Correlations were calculated between AMand PM feeding periods on days 1 and 2. Interval feed con sumption was measured after 0.5, 1.5 and 3 hours in the AMand 0.5 and 3 hours in the PM. Seventy percent of the feed was consumed in the first 20 to 30 minutes. Blood vola tile fatty acids (VFA) and ketones increased markedly and peaked at 3 hours (day 1) and 1.5 hours (day 2). Blood glucose levels dropped sharply by 0.5 hour but increased significantly by 1.5 hours on both days. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) decreased on both days, but rose markedly on day 2 by 7 hours. Acetate, propionate and glucose levels were poorly correlated to feed intake patterns. Ketone correlations, although low, had a pattern similar to butyrate correlations. Butyrate and FFA levels were the most highly correlated to subsequent VFI. FFA concentration at 7 hours was the best single predictor of subsequent feed intake, accounting for 50% of the variation (fi2 = 0.496).
Severe Neuromuscular Complications Possibly Associated with Amlodipine

OBJECTIVE:To document a case of severe, progressive myopathy, myalgias, arthralgias, and weakness possibly caused by amlodipine in a patient with benign essential hypertension.CASE SUMMARY:A 52-year-old white woman with asthma and newly diagnosed hypertension was initiated on zafirlukast therapy for asthma and amlodipine therapy for hypertension. Two months later, the patient reported severe, generalized muscle and joint pain, muscle stiffness, and weakness. The zafirlukast was discontinued without resolution of symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated C-reactive protein. The amlodipine dosage was increased. Her symptoms persisted and further laboratory tests revealed a positive anti-nuclear antibody screen, and negative single- and double-stranded DNA antibody tests. After another amlodipine dosage increase, the patient experienced a sudden onset of left-sided facial numbness, facial weakness, and a severe headache. The patient was admitted to rule out a possible cerebrovascular event or a metabol...
Mms22 Preserves Genomic Integrity During DNA Replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The faithful replication of the genome, coupled with the accurate repair of DNA damage, is essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. The MMS22 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays an important but poorly understood role in preservation of genome integrity. Here we describe a novel gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that we propose is a highly diverged ortholog of MMS22. Fission yeast Mms22 functions in the recovery from replication-associated DNA damage. Loss of Mms22 results in the accumulation of spontaneous DNA damage in the S- and G2-phases of the cell cycle and elevated genomic instability. There are severe synthetic interactions involving mms22 and most of the homologous recombination proteins but not the structure-specific endonuclease Mus81-Eme1, which is required for survival of broken replication forks. Mms22 forms spontaneous nuclear foci and colocalizes with Rad22 in cells treated with camptothecin, suggesting that it has a direct role in repair of broken replication forks. Moreover, genetic interactions with components of the DNA replication fork suggest that Mms2 functions in the coordination of DNA synthesis following damage. We propose that Mms22 functions directly at the replication fork to maintain genomic integrity in a pathway involving Mus81-Eme1.
Rapid intermodulation distortion estimation in fully balanced weakly nonlinear Gm-C filters using state-space modeling

State-space modeling of fully differential Gm-C filters with weak nonlinearities is used to develop a fast algorithm for intermodulation distortion estimation. It results in simple analytic formulas that apply directly to Gm-C filters of any order and any fully balanced topology. The algorithm has been verified using SpectreS (SPICE) and Simulink simulation. Theory and simulation results are found in good agreement.
Aspects of adaptive reconfiguration in a scalable intrusion tolerant system

SITAR architecture integrates basic fault tolerant concepts along with adaptive reconfiguration in a security setting. It enables commercial-off-the-shelf servers to continue operating despite intrusion or partial compromise. The adaptive reconfiguration dynamically changes the system configuration in response to environment threats to maintain service availability. The discussion covers important aspects of SITAR's adaptive reconfiguration mechanism, including its central algorithm, and mitigation of the oscillation problem. The mechanism uses a feedback loop model and techniques of mutual exclusion, steady state monitoring, and system observation to implement cooperative control. The adaptive mechanism is implemented and demonstrated as part of the SITAR prototype system.
Adaptive Significance of Sibling Egg Cannibalism in Coccinellidae: Comparative Evidence from Three Species

Abstract We examined the nature of sibling egg cannibalism behavior and its developmental consequences in three aphidophagous Coccinellidae that all lay clustered eggs: Cycloneda sanguinea L., Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and Olla v-nigrum Mulsant. There was variation among species in the proportion of eggs laid singly versus in clusters (C. sanguinea > H. axyridis ≈ O. v-nigrum), the synchrony of egg hatch within clusters (H. axyridis > C. sanguinea ≈ O. v-nigrum), and the proportion of eggs cannibalized by early-hatching larvae (O. v-nigrum > C. sanguinea > H. axyridis). Single eggs were cannibalized at lower rates than clustered eggs in all three species, and cannibals delayed dispersal from clusters until all unhatched eggs were consumed. In all three species, the number of eggs cannibalized was negatively correlated with the proportion hatching synchronously (within 10 min). Egg cannibals survived to adulthood at the same rate as noncannibal larvae in H. axyridis and O. v-nigrum, and at a higher rate ...
Scalable resource management in high performance computers

Clusters of workstations have emerged as an important platform for building cost-effective, scalable, and highly-available computers. Although many hardware solutions are available today, the largest challenge in making largescale clusters usable lies in the system software. In this paper we present STORM, a resource management tool designed to provide scalability, low overhead, and the flexibility necessary to efficiently support and analyze a wide range of job-scheduling algorithms. STORM achieves these feats by using a small set of primitive mechanisms that are common in modern high-performance interconnects. The architecture of STORM is based on three main technical innovations. First, a part of the scheduler runs in the thread processor located on the network interface. Second, we use hardware collectives that are highly scalable both for implementing control heartbeats and to distribute the binary of a parallel job in near-constant time. Third, we use an I/O bypass protocol that allows fast data movements front the file system to the communication buffers in the network interface and vice versa. The experimental results show that STORM can launch a job with a binary of 12 MB on a 64-processor, 32-node cluster in less than 250 ms. This paper provides expert. mental and analytical evidence that these results scale to a much larger number of nodes. To the best of our knowledge, STORM significantly outperforms existing production schedulers in launching jobs, performing resource management tasks, and gang-scheduling tasks.
Flush: a reliable bulk transport protocol for multihop wireless networks

We present Flush, a reliable, high goodput bulk data transport protocol for wireless sensor networks. Flush provides end-to-end reliability, reduces transfer time, and adapts to time-varying network conditions. It achieves these properties using end-to-end acknowledgments, implicit snooping of control information, and a rate-control algorithm that operates at each hop along a flow. Using several real network topologies, we show that Flush closely tracks or exceeds the maximum goodput achievable by a hand-tuned but fixed rate for each hop over a wide range of path lengths and varying network conditions. Flush is scalable; its effective bandwidth over a 48-hop wireless network is approximately one-third of the rate achievable over one hop. The design of Flush is simplified by assuming that different flows do not interfere with each other, a reasonable restriction for many sensornet applications that collect bulk data in a coordinated fashion, like structural health monitoring, volcanic activity monitoring, or protocol evaluation. We collected all of the performance data presented in this paper using Flush itself.
Compensational Stacking of Channelized Sedimentary Deposits

Abstract Compensational stacking, the tendency for sediment transport systems to preferentially fill topographic lows through deposition, is a concept widely used in the interpretation of the stratigraphic record. We propose a metric to quantify the degree of compensation by comparing observed stacking patterns in subsiding basins to what would be expected from uncorrelated random stacking. This method uses the rate of decay of spatial variability in sedimentation between picked depositional horizons with increasing vertical stratigraphic averaging distance. We present data from six sedimentary basins where this decay can be measured. The depositional environments range from river deltas to deep-water minibasins, and scales range from meters to 1.5 km in thickness. The decrease in standard deviation of sedimentation divided by subsidence with increasing vertical averaging distance is well described by a power law in each study basin. We term the exponent in this power law the compensation index, κ; its value is 0.5 for uncorrelated random stacking and 1.0 for perfect compensational stacking. Values less than 0.5 indicate anti-compensation, i.e., a tendency of depositional units to stack on top of one another. Parameters controlling the magnitude of κ include the frequency of system-scale avulsions and the temporal variability in deposition rates. Data describing the decay in the standard deviation of sedimentation/subsidence from the six studied basins collapse approximately onto a single power-law trend with κ = 0.75 when the measurement window is standardized by the mean channel depth of each system. Channel depth thus emerges as a fundamental length scale in stratigraphic architecture across environments. Although further study will likely reveal measurable variability in κ between depositional environments, the overall power-law collapse presented here suggests that a stacking behavior midway between purely random and perfect compensation is a good starting point in quantitatively estimating the stratigraphic arrangement of sedimentary deposits.
Selective chemical etching of hexagonal boron nitride compared to cubic boron nitride

A BN film containing comparable amounts of sp 2 and sp 3 phases was subjected to a gas-phase chemical etch in a hot-filament environment containing 1% CH4 in H2. After a partial etch, examination by FTIR shows that the sp 2 was preferentially etched, leaving a larger sp 3 fraction than in the unetched film. The possibility that preferential etching could be used to increase the purity of cBN films is discussed.
Modification of fillet composition and evidence of differential fatty acid turnover in sunshine bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis following change in dietary lipid source

Marine oil-based finishing diets have been used to restore fillet FA profile in several “medium-fat” fleshed aquaculture species, and a simple dilution model describing FA turnover has been established to predict and tailor final fillet composition. We evaluated finishing diet efficacy and suitability of the dilution model to describe patterns of FA change in a lean-fleshed model, sunshine bass. Two practical diet (45% crude protein, 15% crude lipid) were formulated, respectively containing corn oil (CO) or menhaden oil (MO) as the primary lipid sources. Sunshine bass (age 1 [⊃ 14 mo], 347 ±8.6 g, mean individual weight ±SEM) were stocked in a recirculating system and fed the diets according to different feeding regimens during the final 28 wk of the production cycle. Control groups were fed the CO or the MO feeds exclusively; whereas, the remaining treatment groups were transitioned from the CO diet to the MO diet at 4−, 8−, or 12-wk intervals. Upon completion of the feeding trial, fish were harvested, and production performance and fillet composition were assessed. Replacing MO with CO as the primary lipid source in sunshine bass diets yielded fillets with distinctly different FA profiles; however, finishing with a MO-based diet offered significant compensation for CO-associated reductions in fillet long-chain highly unsaturated FA (LC-HUFA). Although complete restoration was not observed, we achieved significant augmentation of endogenous n−3 FA within 4 wk of feeding the MO diet, and observed a significant increase in LC-HUFA and a beneficial shift in n−3∶n−6 FA ratio after 8 weeks. Simple dilution accurately predicted tissue composition for most FA; however, deviations from the model were noted, suggesting selective retention of n−3, PUFA, and LC-HUFA and preferential catabolism of saturates. We conclude marine oil-based finishing diets can rapidly augment beneficial FA levels in sunshine bass fillets; however, simple dilution models do not fully describe selective FA metabolism observed for this lean-fleshed fish.
Controlled scanpath variation alters fusiform face activation

We investigated the influence of experimentally guided saccades and fixations on fMRI activation in brain regions specialized for face and object processing. Subjects viewed a static image of a face while a small fixation cross made a discrete jump within the image every 500 ms. Subjects were required to make a saccade and fixate the cross at its new location. Each run consisted of alternating blocks in which the subject was guided to make a series of saccades and fixations that constituted either a Typical or an Atypical face scanpath. Typical scanpaths were defined as a scanpath in which the fixation cross landed on the eyes or the mouth in 90% of all trials. Atypical scanpaths were defined as scanpaths in which the fixation cross landed on the eyes or mouth on 12% of all trials. The average saccade length was identical in both typical and atypical blocks, and both were preceded by a baseline block where the fixation cross made much smaller jumps in the middle of the screen. Within the functionally predefined face area of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC), typical scanpaths evoked significantly more activity when compared to atypical scanpaths. A voxel-based analysis revealed a similar pattern in clusters of voxels located within VOTC, frontal eye fields, superior colliculi, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results demonstrate that fMRI activation is highly sensitive to the pattern of eye movements employed during face processing, and thus illustrates the potential confounding influence of uncontrolled eye movements for neuroimaging studies of face and object perception in normal and clinical populations.
Applying similarity metrics to 3D acquisition in structured-light systems

Structured light systems use projected light to augment a scene with extra information. The goal of such systems is often the recovery of depth information based on 2D image(s) from one or more viewpoints. Traditionally, the best performing systems use the injected information to ldquolabelrdquo points within a scene. These labelings provide the correspondence information needed for 3D reconstruction. In this paper we attempt to demonstrate the feasibility of an alternative, similarity metric based, techinque by presenting a simple proof-of-concept system. The technique consists of performing a search for corresponding points from two image sets via a similarity metric and then using the best correspondences as an approximation of the actual point correspondences. Remarkably, we find that this conceptually simple approach can generate data of comparable quality to more complicated techniques. Perhaps the most striking advantage to this approach is that it eliminates the need for camera calibration. We believe these initial results indicate great promise for the application of ldquodata-miningrdquo techniques to the 3D acquisition domain.
Amino acid alterations in the benA (beta-tubulin) gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confer benomyl resistance.

We report the cloning and sequencing of 18 mutant alleles of the benA, β-tubulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confer resistance to the benzimidazole antifungal, antimicrotubule compounds benomyl, carbendazim, nocodazole, and thia-bendazole. In 12 cases, amino acid 6 was changed from histidine to tyrosine or leucine. In four cases, amino acid 198 was changed from glutamic acid to aspartic acid, glutamine, or lysine. In two cases, amino acid 200 was altered from phenylalanine to tyrosine. These data, along with previous data indicating that amino acid 165 is involved in the binding of the R2 group of these compounds [Jung and Oakley, 1990: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 17:87-94], suggest that regions of β-tubulin containing amino acids 6, 165, and 198-200 interact to form the binding site of benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents. These results also suggest that the presence of phenylalanine at amino acid 200 contributes to the great sensitivity of many fungi to benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of simultaneous and sequential presentation of stimulus dimensions on absolute judgment accuracy

The effects of spatial stimulus repetition, sequential stimulus repetition, spatially separated dimensional redundancy, and sequentially presented dimensional redundancy on absolute judgment accuracy of hue and brightness were compared. Two exposure durations, 0.1 and 2.0 sec, were used. While spatial repetition did not improve accuracy for either dimension, the sequential repetition of brightness produced a small increase in accuracy. The spatial presentation of correlated values of both dimensions increased accuracy only at the 2.0-sec duration. The sequential presentation of both dimensions increased accuracy, but only at the 2.0-sec duration was this gain substantial and greater than that provided by the sequential repetition of brightness alone.
Behavior of Field-Scale Biotrickling Filter under Nonsteady State Conditions

The performance of a field-scale biotrickling filter was investigated for the treatment of styrene vapors released from a bathtub manufacturing process. The two-stage biotrickling filter was operated in series with an average gas flow rate of 350 m 3 h 21 corresponding to an overall empty bed gas contact time of 84 s. Daily average values of styrene removal efficiency varied from 40 to 90% with inlet concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1.7 g m 23 . System performance was not significantly affected by changes in tempera- ture and was moderately susceptible to 3-day starvation or complete system shutdown. After 7 months of styrene treatment, toluene contaminated air was fed to the system and experiments were performed in which styrene and toluene were fed alternately at 3-h intervals. While styrene elimination remained unchanged over the cycles, the elimination capacity of toluene increased with the number of cycles, indicating some adaptation of the process culture to the new contaminant. Overall, the results suggest that biotrickling filters for air pollution control can be successful even under greatly varying operating conditions.
A 94-GHz aperture-coupled micromachined microstrip antenna

This paper presents an aperture-coupled micromachined microstrip antenna operating at 94 GHz. The design consists of two stacked silicon substrates: (1) the top substrate, which carries the microstrip antenna, is micromachined to improve the radiation performance of the antenna and (2) the bottom substrate, which carries the microstrip feed line and the coupling slot. The measured return loss is -18 dB at 94 GHz for a 10-dB bandwidth of 10%. A maximum efficiency of 58/spl plusmn/5% has been measured and the radiation patterns show a measured front-to-back ratio of -10 dB at 94 GHz. The measured mutual coupling is below -20 dB in both E- and H-plane directions due to the integration of small 50-/spl mu/m silicon beams between the antennas. The micromachined microstrip antenna is an efficient solution to the vertical integration of antenna arrays at millimeter-wave frequencies.
The poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitor ABT-888 reduces radiation-induced nuclear EGFR and augments head and neck tumor response to radiotherapy ☆

Abstract Background and purpose Current therapies for head and neck cancer frequently are not curative, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Thus, we studied whether inhibition of poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP), a key DNA repair enzyme, could improve efficacy of radiotherapy in human head and neck cancer. Materials and methods UM-SCC1, UM-SCC5, UM-SCC6, and FaDu human head and neck cancer cellular susceptibility to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) ABT-888 and/or radiation (IR) was assessed using colony formation assays. DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and immunostaining for γ-H2AX foci. Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) mediated repair was measured using phospho-DNA-Pk foci. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) location was assessed by immunostaining. Poly ADP-Ribose polymerization (PAR) levels were assessed using immunoblotting. Results Human head and neck cancer cells exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity with IR and ABT-888 compared to either agent alone. This increased susceptibility correlated with reduced nuclear EGFR, attenuation of NHEJ, and persistence of DNA damage following IR. Interestingly, a subset of head and neck cancer cells which had elevated basal PAR levels was susceptible to PARPi alone. Conclusions Combining radiotherapy and PARP inhibition may improve outcomes and quality of life for head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Furthermore, this novel strategy may also be feasible in other tumor types. Moreover, PAR levels should be investigated as a potential biomarker for tumor susceptibility to PARP inhibition.
High dose inhibition of the tryptophan peptide induced encephalitogenicity.

In a previous publication (Imnunol. Comm. 3:219, 1974) a hypothesis was proposed that the high dose inhibition of enceph-alitogenicity in guinea pigs seen with the tryptophan peptide, phe ser trp gly ala glu gly gln arg, and not observed with the whole myelin basic protein which contains this sequence, was the result of competitive inhibition by non-encephalitogenic fragments of the tryptophan peptide produced in vivo possibly by exopeptidases. I present data which disagrees with this hypothesis.
Lipotropic Action of Inositol.

SummaryThe lipotropic action of inositol in the presence of other members of the vitamin B-complex has been confirmed. The effect of inositol plus choline is considerably greater than that of either alone.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of the First Water-Soluble Dithio−Bis(phosphine) Ligands [(HOH2C)2P(CH2)2S−X−S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2] (X = (CH2)3 or C6H4). X-ray Crystal Structure of [Pd(HOH2C)2P(CH2)2S(CH2)3S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2](Cl)21

The thioether-functionalized, water-soluble, bis(phosphines) (HOH2C)2PCH2CH2S(CH2)3SCH2CH2P(CH2OH)2 (9) and C6H4{1,2-SCH2CH2P(CH2OH)2}2 (10) were synthesized in near quantitative yields by the formylation of the appropriate phosphine hydrides in the presence of formaldehyde in ethanol. The reactions of 9 and 10 with Pt(COD)Cl2 and Pd(C6H5CN)2Cl2 in biphasic media (aqueous/organic) produced the water-soluble Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes [Pt(HOH2C)2P(CH2)2S(CH2)3S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2](Cl)2 (11), [Pd(HOH2C)2P(CH2)2S(CH2)3S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2](Cl)2 (12), [Pt{(C6H4){1,2-S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2}2}](Cl)2 (13), and [Pd{(C6H4){1,2-S(CH2)2P(CH2OH)2}2}](Cl)2 (14) in near quantitative yields. The X-ray crystal structure of 12 confirms a square-planar Pd(II) structure for this new generation of water-soluble transition metal complexes. All of the complexes were characterized by MS, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. X-ray data for 12: triclinic, P1, a = 9.9761(6) A, b = 10.2049(7) A, c = 11.6954(7) A , α = 67.730(10)°, β = 69.943(10...
Процессы коммунального саморегулирования «неформальной» экономики. На примере прибрежного рыболовства в Сулаке, Республика Дагестан (Communal Self-Regulation of 'Informal' Economy: Evidences from Northern Dagestan in Russia)

Russian Abstract: В работе поставлена цель смоделировать схему институциональных взаимодействий, складывающихся в рамках неформальной экономики, и разработать на этой основе способы повышения эффективности регулятивной политики по отношению к неформальному сектору. На базе полевых исследований были выявлены основные источники противоречий между практикой государственного регулирования и механизмами саморегулирования. Предложены рекомендации для органов государственной власти по усовершенствованию механизмов государственного регулирования в сфере прибрежного рыболовства. В ходе исследований автором впервые были проанализированы отношения между членами местного рыболовецкого сообщества под воздействием родовых (тухумных) связей и явления трудовой миграции в рамках неформальной экономики.English Abstract: The author analyzes the self-regulation of “informal” economy in the coastal fishing in Northern Dagestan using Institutional Analysis and Development framework elaborated and developed by E. Ostrom. The overall goal was to identify the basic patterns of interactions among the members of local fishing community and propose some effective tools to improve state regulatory policy in the sphere of coastal fishing. Usual set of anthropological and sociological tools was used by the author to analyze the processes, including life story, structural and semi-structural interview, focus groups, informal conversations and short-lasting participant observation as the main one. Results of the study can be seen as follows: first, the state (constitutional) level of decision-making is significantly separated from the others: collective and operational (day-to-day life of community members). As a consequence, many local fishers in the border area who spent all their lives fishing ignore rules introduced by the state agencies and are accused of poaching; second, Nogai kinship relationships are seen as the most influential factors in distributing specially designated fishing areas (DFAs) and individual transferable quotas (ITQs) among the members of fishing community, thereby excluding non — Nogai fishers from legal fishing; third, illegal brigade as a social unit specializing on the sturgeon poaching is seen as most appropriated form of organization for local fishers, as far as it presents more equal opportunities for participation in fishing activities than official fishing enterprise does.
Contribution of extravascular compression to reduction of maximal coronary blood flow.

Effects of ventricular compression on maximally dilated left circumflex coronary blood flow were investigated in seven mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The left circumflex artery was perfused with the animals' own blood at a constant pressure (63 mmHg) while left ventricular pressure was experimentally altered. Adenosine was infused to produce maximal vasodilation, verified by the hyperemic response to coronary occlusion. Alterations of peak left ventricular pressure from 50 to 250 mmHg resulted in a linear decrease in total circumflex flow of 1.10 ml.min-1 x 100 g heart wt-1 for each 10 mmHg of peak ventricular to coronary perfusion pressure gradient; a 2.6% decrease from control levels. Similar slopes were obtained for systolic and diastolic flows as for total mean flow, implying equal compressive forces in systole as in diastole. Increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure accounted for 29% of the flow changes associated with an increase in peak ventricular pressure. Doubling circumferential wall tension had a minimal effect on total circumflex flow. When the slopes were extrapolated to zero, assuming linearity, a peak left ventricular pressure of 385 mmHg greater than coronary perfusion pressure would be required to reduce coronary flow to zero. The experiments were repeated in five additional animals but at different perfusion pressures from 40 to 160 mmHg. Higher perfusion pressures gave similar results but with even less effect of ventricular pressure on coronary flow or coronary conductance. These results argue for an active storage site for systolic arterial flow in the dilated coronary system.
Deciding not to choose: Delegation to social surrogates in tourism decisions

Abstract This study investigated the phenomenon of tourists delegating decisions to others. An American survey (n = 404) found a key exception to individual decision-making models. Rather than making their own decisions, respondents frequently delegated decisions, including where to go, what to do, and where to eat to others traveling with them (called “social surrogates”). A median of 25 percent of respondents delegated destination choice, and 50 percent delegated dining and activity decisions while traveling. Because individuals may not make all of their decisions, all customers may not be of equal importance to tourism marketers. Some have little to no role in choice (as they defer decisions), while others (social surrogates) may hold great influence over others (by making decisions). Thus, identifying actual decision makers, rather than just considering all tourists, may be necessary to understand tourist consumer behavior. It is proposed delegated decisions are theoretically distinct from individual or group decisions.
Early Adoption of Innovative Analytical Approach and Its Impact on Organizational Analytics Maturity and Sustainability: A Longitudinal Study from a U.S. Pharmaceutical Company

We investigate the impact of early adoption of an innovative analytics approach on organizational analytics maturity and sustainability. With the sales operation planning involving the accurate determination of physician detailing frequency, multiple product sequencing, nonlinear promotional response functions and achievement of the right level of share of voice (SOV), an analytical approach was developed by integrating domain knowledge, neural network (NN)’s pattern-recognition capability and nonlinear mathematical programming to address these challenges. A pharmaceutical company headquartered in the U.S. championed this initial research in 2005 and became the first major firm to implement the recommendations. The company improved its profitability by 12% when piloted to a sales district with 481 physicians; then it launched this approach nationally. In 2014, the firm again gave us its data, performance of the analytical approach and access to key stakeholders to better understand the changes in the pharmaceutical sales operations landscape, the firm’s analytics maturity and sustainability of analytics. Results suggest that being the early adopter of innovation doubled the firm’s technology utilization from 2005 to 2014, as well as doubling the firm’s ability to continuously improve the sales operations process; it outperformed the standard industry practice by 23%. Moreover, the infusion of analytics from the corporate office to sales, improvement in management commitment to analytics, increased communications for continuous process improvement and the successes from this approach has created the environment for sustainable organizational growth in analytics.
Bayesian Approach for Addressing Differential Covariate Measurement Error in Propensity Score Methods

Propensity score methods are an important tool to help reduce confounding in non-experimental studies and produce more accurate causal effect estimates. Most propensity score methods assume that covariates are measured without error. However, covariates are often measured with error. Recent work has shown that ignoring such error could lead to bias in treatment effect estimates. In this paper, we consider an additional complication: that of differential measurement error across treatment groups, such as can occur if a covariate is measured differently in the treatment and control groups. We propose two flexible Bayesian approaches for handling differential measurement error when estimating average causal effects using propensity score methods. We consider three scenarios: systematic (i.e., a location shift), heteroscedastic (i.e., different variances), and mixed (both systematic and heteroscedastic) measurement errors. We also explore various prior choices (i.e., weakly informative or point mass) on the sensitivity parameters related to the differential measurement error. We present results from simulation studies evaluating the performance of the proposed methods and apply these approaches to an example estimating the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent drug use disorders.