cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen Bellingham: A γ-chain R275C substitution and a β-promoter polymorphism in a thrombotic member of an asymptomatic family

Congenital dysfibrinogenemia is a rare cause of unexplained thrombosis. However, most individuals with dysfibrinogenemia are asymptomatic, suggesting that co-morbid factors contribute to thrombo-embolic events. The potential roles of additional genetic or acquired prothrombotic risk factors are poorly understood because detailed family studies are lacking. Herein, we describe a family whose propositus was a young Caucasian man with recurrent venous thrombo-emboli and dysfibrinogenemia due to heterozygosity for an ArgCys substitution at residue 275 in the γ-chain. The only additional thrombophilic abnormality found in the proband was heterozygosity for a G/A transition at position −455 in the fibrinogen β-chain promoter; a genotype associated with high acute phase levels of fibrinogen. The proband's father, who died of a cerebral artery thrombosis, carried the γR275C substitution but not the β-promoter −455 variant. Among 14 living relatives, eight were heterozygous for one or the other mutation and only one, a 21-year-old niece, was dually affected. None had suffered bleeding or thrombosis. In vitro studies of the proband's purified fibrinogen revealed markedly abnormal thrombin-catalyzed polymerization and delayed fibrin clot lysis by tPA-activated plasmin. We hypothesize that the γR275C substitution predisposes to thrombosis by generating clots that are relatively resistant to fibrinolysis. The clinical risk is low, however, in the absence of an additional thrombophilic mutation. The β-promoter variant could, theoretically, contribute to this risk by augmenting expression of the dysfibrinogen under conditions of stress. Like the common hereditary thrombophilias, heterozygous familial dysfibrinogenemia induces thrombosis in the setting of multiple prothrombotic influences. Am. J. Hematol. 64:242–250, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Decreased hyperpolarization-activated currents in layer 5 pyramidal neurons enhances excitability in focal cortical dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia is associated with the development of seizures in children and is present in up to 40% of intractable childhood epilepsies. Transcortical freeze lesions in newborn rats rep...
Age-related effects on eyeblink conditioning in the F344 × BN F1 hybrid rat

Young, middle-aged, old, and senescent Fischer 344 X Brown Norway Fl hybrid rats were trained in either the trace or delay eyeblink conditioning task in order to investigate how aging affects associative learning and memory over the life span. Senescent rats at 34-35 months showed severe impairments in acquisition of the trace tak with a 250 msec trace interval, which is hippocampally-dependent, and were mildly impaired in the simple delay eyeblink conditioning task. Middle aged animals, varying in age from 18-24 months, acquired the trace and delay eyeblink paradigms as well as young rats (6 months). However, at 28-29 months, approximately 50% of the old animals showed impairments in the trace 250 msec eyeblink task. Our results show that trace eyeblink conditioning is an age-sensitive task useful fur studying the neural substrates underlying associative learning and memory in rats, as has: been previously shown in humans and rabbits. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Modeling electrosensory and mechanosensory images during the predatory behavior of weakly electric fish.

Black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) are nocturnal, weakly electric fish that feed on insect larvae and small crustaceans in the freshwater rivers of South America. In the absence of visual cues, prey detection and localization in this species is likely to rely on weak electrosensory and mechanosensory cues generated by the prey. In this paper, a modeling approach is used to estimate contributions to prey capture behavior from three octavolateralis modalities: the high- (tuberous) and low- (ampullary) frequency components of the electric sense and the high-frequency (canal neuromast) component of the lateral line mechanosensory system. For each of these modalities, the physical stimulus generated by the prey is approximated using a simple dipole model. Model parameters are constrained using previously published data as well as new empirical data on the electrical impedance characteristics of Daphnia magna. Models of electrosensory and mechanosensory stimuli are combined with actual prey strike trajectories from infrared video recordings to reconstruct spatial images of the prey along the sensory surface of the fish during the behavior. Modeling results suggest that all three modalities might contribute and that the relative contributions may change as a function of environmental conditions (e.g., water conductivity) and as a function of time over the course of the prey capture event.
Intracellular water-specific MR of microbead-adherent cells: The HeLa cell intracellular water exchange lifetime

Quantitative characterization of the intracellular water (1)H MR signal from cultured cells will provide critical biophysical insight into the MR signal from tissues in vivo. Microbeads provide a robust immobilization substrate for the many mammalian cell lines that adhere to surfaces and also provide sufficient cell density for observation of the intracellular water MR signal. However, selective observation of the intracellular water MR signal from perfused, microbead-adherent mammalian cells requires highly effective suppression of the extracellular water MR signal. We describe how high-velocity perfusion of microbead-adherent cells results in short apparent (1)H MR longitudinal and transverse relaxation times for the extracellular water in a thin slice selected orthogonal to the direction of flow. When combined with a spin-echo pulse sequence, this phenomenon provides highly effective suppression of the extracellular water MR signal. This new method is exploited here to quantify the kinetics of water exchange from the intracellular to extracellular spaces of HeLa cells. The time constant describing water exchange from intracellular to extracellular spaces, also known as the exchange lifetime for intracellular water, is 119 +/- 14 ms.
The Morley Rank of a Banach Space

We introduce the concepts of Morley rank and Morley degree for structures based on Banach spaces. We characterize co-stability in terms of Morley rank, and prove the existence of prime models for co-stable theories. ?
Impacts of SSM/I Retrieved Rainfall Rates on Numerical Prediction of a Tropical Cyclone

Abstract Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) retrieved rainfall rates were assimilated into a limited-area numerical prediction model in an attempt to improve the initial analysis and forecast of a tropical cyclone. Typhoon Flo of 1990, which was observed in an intensive observation period of the Tropical Cyclone Motion Experiment-1990, was chosen for this study. The SSM/I retrieved rainfall rates within 888 km (8° latitude) of the storm center were incorporated into the initial fields by a reversed Kuo cumulus parameterization. In the procedure used here, the moisture field in the model is adjusted so that the model generates the SSM/I-observed rainfall rates. This scheme is applied through two different assimilation methods. The first method is based on a dynamic initialization in which the prediction model is integrated backward adiabatically to t = −6 h and then forward diabatically for 6 h to the initial time. During the diabatic forward integration, the SSM/I rainfall rates are incorporated usin...
Limits and Derivatives

The idea of a limit is central to all of calculus. Throughout the rest of your calculus classes it will be behind everything you learn. Most people do not understand this concept the first time they see it, but they can get a feeling for the basic idea with some effort.
Pridopidine for the treatment of Huntington’s disease

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Huntington’s disease is a rare dominantly-inherited neurodegenerative disease with motor, cognitive and behavioral manifestations. It results from an expanded unstable trinucleotide repeat in the coding region of the huntingtin gene. Treatment is symptomatic, but a poor evidence baseguides selection of therapeutic agents. Non-choreic derangements in voluntary movement contribute to overall motor disability and are poorly addressed by current therapies. Pridopidine is a novel agent in the dopidine class believed to have ‘state dependent’ effects at dopamine receptors, thus show promise in the treatment of these disorders of voluntary movement.Areas covered: This review discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pridopidine and reviews clinical trials supporting development of the drug for HD. This information was culled from literature searches for dopidines, pridopidine, and HD experimental therapeutics in PubMed and at http://www.clinicaltrials.org.Expert opinion: There ...
Hispanic and White College Students’ Sexual Behavior: More Similar Than Different?

Public health data have shown higher rates of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections for Hispanic individuals as compared with White individuals in the United States. This study co...
Modeling of Aluminum Induced Lateral Crystallization of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Metal induced lateral crystallization (MILC) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was studied and a model was developed based on the resistance measurement of the films. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon films of 300 nm thickness were deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on oxidized p-type (100) silicon wafers. Thermally evaporated 200 nm thick aluminum layer was deposited over amorphous silicon and patterned using photolithography. The samples were annealed at different temperatures for different time periods. After annealing the resistance of amorphous silicon between aluminum pads was measured. Based on these measurements, a model was developed to predict the lateral crystallization velocity. In this model, the resistance change due to loss of hydrogen from the film was also taken into account. For this purpose, another set of experiments was conducted. In this set, hydrogenated amorphous silicon films of 300 nm thickness were deposited on Corning 7059 glass. The samples were annealed for different period of time at different temperatures. After annealing, parallel bars of silver paint were formed on the samples and the resistance of each sample was measured. The theoretically determined lateral crystallization velocity was verified using optical microscope observations and X-ray diffraction analysis and was found to be in close agreement.
Development of communication theory web-based virtual laboratory

Web-based virtual laboratory of communication theory is developed based on LabVIEW simulation platform,by which telenet experiments of communication theory are realized.Laboratory's overall structure and implementation of various functions are introduced in detail.
Effect of Propolis and Ginkgo Extract on Diabetic Patients' Blood Sugar Concentration

Objective To study the effect of propolis and ginkgo extract on blood glucose concentration of adult patients with type Ⅱ diabetes. Methods A total of 106 type Ⅱ diabetic patients were randomly divided into test group and control group.The patients of test group took propolis and ginkgo extract for 45 days,while the patients of control group took the placebo for 45 days.The associated security indexes and observation parameters were measured at the beginning and the end of the test. Results Among the patients in test group,the main clinical symptoms of diabetes had improved,with the total effective rate of 75.00%.There were statistically significant differences in the blood-fasting sugar between before and after testing in test group,also between test group and control group(P0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the descent range of blood-fasting sugar between control group and test group(P0.05);moreover,the blood-fasting glucose after testing decreased by 10.74% as compared with before testing in test group.There were statistically significant differences in the postprandial blood sugar between before and after testing in test group,also between test group and control group(P0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the descent range of postprandial blood sugar between control group and test group(P0.05);moreover,the postprandial blood sugar after testing decreased by 6.48% as compared with before testing in test group. Conclusions Propolis and ginkgo extract can effectively assist diabetes patients in decreasing the blood sugar and alleviating the clinical symptoms.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND MENTAL STRESS IN SOME RECRUITS IN 2013

Objective To study the relationship between sleep quality and mental stress in some recruits in 2013,and to explore the related factors of sleep quality,so as to provide the basis for improving the psychological service scheme for the recruits. Methods A total of 2671 male recruits were tested by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI),Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test( PSET),and a self-made related factor questionnaire. Results The incidence of sleep disorder in the recruits was 11. 8%; the top three incidences of PSQI factors were daytime dysfunction( 24. 7%),time to sleep( 23. 6%) and subjective sleep quality( 19. 8%). The T score of PSET in the recruits was 50. 03 ± 10. 04; and 283( 10. 6%) recruits had greater mental stress( T≥70). Among 2356 recruits of higher sleep quality,44( 1. 9%) reruits had greater mental stress; and 315 recruits of lower sleep quality,239( 75. 9%) recruits had greater mental stress; there was significant difference between the two groups( P 0. 01). The factors related to sleep quality were: the scores of mental stress,climate adaptation,diet adaptation,administration,homesick and training injury pain; and the coefficient of sleep quality with the scores of mental stress was 0. 477( P 0. 01). Conclusion Mental stress is one of the main factors related to sleep disorder in the recruits; the emphases of mental health service for the recruits should be placed on improving the psychological endurance and adaptation ability.
Emotionally Augmented Storytelling Agent

The study presented in this paper focuses on a dimensional theory to augment agent nonverbal behavior including emotional facial expression and head gestures to evaluate subtle differences in fine-grained conditions in the context of emotional storytelling. The result of a user study in which participants rated perceived naturalness for seven different conditions showed significantly higher preference for the augmented facial expression whereas the head gesture model received mixed ratings: significant preference in high arousal cases (happy) but not significant in low arousal cases (sad).
Meaning in a New Key

The language in which to articulate specific attitudes at various levels seems to be neglected in the study of law and meaning. When we talk about our self or the human I, our Body or our Mind, we need more complex expressions. We should talk of a YouI or a ThouI, also about an IThou, a MindBody that differs from a BodyMind, not to mention the diversity of expressions pertaining to the Brain and the Mind! Narrativity unfolds as if one particular occurrence in history of the cosmos initiated our meaning concept along the lines of what is called in the book the “master—master discourse”.
Transposition of Great Arteries with Complex Coronary Artery Variants: Time-Related Events Following Arterial Switch Operation

Coronary artery anatomy represents a challenging and, often, determining predictor of outcome in an arterial switch operation (ASO). Impact of specific coronary artery variants, such as single, intramural and inverted, on time-related events following ASO, is, yet, to be determined. We sought to compare early and late outcomes within the group of nonstandard coronary artery variants. Patients who underwent ASO from January 1995 to October 2010 were reviewed. Patients with coronary artery variants other than L1Cx1R2 ("standard" by Leiden classification) were included. Patients with single, intramural and inverted coronary artery variants incorporated in group A. All other nonstandard coronary variants incorporated in group B. Demographics, perioperative variables, early and late outcomes were assessed. Of the 123 ASO, 24 patients (19.5%) with nonstandard coronary variant were studied. Thirteen were in group A and 11 in group B. There were two early deaths (1 in group A and 1 in group B) (p > 0.05). There is one death early after hospital discharge (group A). Mean follow-up was 59.4 ± 55.1 months. There was no structural coronary artery failure after hospital discharge following ASO. Freedom from any reintervention at 8 years was (78.3 ± 9.6%) (p 0.55) with no late neo-aortic or mitral valve intervention. ASO with single, intramural or inverted coronary artery course carries no added longitudinal risk for structural or flow impairment within the group of nonstandard coronary artery variants. There is an early hazard period with no late survival attrition. Aortic arch repair as part of staged strategy prior to ASO might influence early and late outcome.
Chapter IV – Japan

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the Japanese criminal justice system. It presents the major components of the system—the police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice—along with an overview of the political system. It also outlines a brief history of some of the components of the system and describes the organization and administration and the various roles of the practitioners. Reference is also made to some of the areas of concern within the system. Japan's justice system displays many Anglo-American characteristics resulting from the postwar influence. The system still retains many of the Romano-Germanic legal traditions that have had an impact for a far longer period of time. An interesting feature of the system is the extent to which deference is shown to the agents of all components of the system. This is largely based on the fact that the public views the agents of the administration of justice as enforcers of both law and social morality. Because this attitude is so pervasive, there appears to be a great degree of cooperation among the various components. Japanese are sincerely attempting to make the criminal justice system function as a system rather than as a series of dysfunctional components.
Neonicotinoid insecticide removal by prairie strips in row-cropped watersheds with historical seed coating use

Abstract Neonicotinoids are a widely used class of insecticides that are commonly applied as seed coatings for agricultural crops. Such neonicotinoid use may pose a risk to non-target insects, including pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests, and ecosystems. This study assessed neonicotinoid residues in groundwater, surface runoff water, soil, and native plants adjacent to corn and soybean crop fields with a history of being planted with neonicotinoid-treated seeds from 2008 to 2013. Data from six sites with the same crop management history, three with and three without in-field prairie strips, were collected in 2015–2016, 2–3 years after neonicotinoid (clothianidin and imidacloprid) seed treatments were last used. Three of the six neonicotinoids analyzed were detected in at least one environmental matrix: the two applied as seed coatings on the fields (clothianidin and imidacloprid) and another widely used neonicotinoid (thiamethoxam). Sites with prairie strips generally had lower concentrations of neonicotinoids: groundwater and footslope soil neonicotinoid concentrations were significantly lower in the sites with prairie strips than in those without; mean concentrations for groundwater were 11 and 20 ng/L ( p = 0.048) and p = 0.0004) for soil, respectively. Surface runoff water concentrations were not significantly (p = 0.38) different for control sites (44 ng/L) or sites with prairie strips (140 ng/L). Consistent with the decreased inputs of neonicotinoids, concentrations tended to decrease over the sampling timeframe. Two sites recorded concentration increases, however, potentially due to disturbance of previous applications or influence from nearby fields where use of seed treatments continued. There were no detections (limit of detection: 1 ng/g) of neonicotinoids in the foliage or roots of plants comprising prairie strips, indicating a low likelihood of exposure to pollinators and other insects visiting these plants following the cessation of seed coating use. Offsite transport of neonicotinoids to aquatic systems through the groundwater and surface water were furthermore reduced with prairie strips. This study demonstrates the potential for prairie strips comprising 10% of an agricultural catchment to mitigate the non-target impacts of neonicotinoids.
Federated Cloud computing as System of Systems

Energy and resource utilization efficiency are two of the most significant differentiators in the contemporary Cloud computing marketplace. This paper addresses both of these from system of systems architectural and optimization viewpoints. Our approach will allow multiple cloud providers to optimally utilize compute resources. It will do this by (1) lowering the datacenters deployments per provider ratio, share and (2) scheduling available energy via aggregators and (3) lastly to employ, where appropriate, more renewable and carbon free engines. This is an embodiment of a cloud-federation, and will be treated as a System of Systems. This new cloud federation SoS paradigm will develop a new control methodology that is both financially attractive and energetically and environmentally advantageous. It supports dynamic expansion and contraction of computing capabilities for handling sudden variations in service demand. As is expected, the constituent cloud services retain independent ownership, objectives, funding, and sustainability means. While individual system behavior within the SoS is independently managed, the SoS as control structure might introduce cascading effect that impacts the overall SoS behavior. This paper analyzes the core SoS requirements, concept synthesis, and functional architecture. Finally, we suggest a physical architecture that simulates some of the main SoS emergent behavior to diminish unwanted outcomes while encouraging desirable results.
Changes in divertor conditions in response to changing core density with RMPs

The effects of changes in core density on divertor electron temperature, density and heat flux when resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) are applied are presented, notably a reduction in RMP induced secondary radial peaks in the electron temperature profile at the target plate is observed when the core density is increased, which is consistent with modeling. RMPs is used here to indicate non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations, created using in-vessel control coils, which have at least one but typically many resonances with the rotational transform of the plasma (Evans et al 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 056121). RMPs are found to alter inter-ELM heat flux to the divertor by modifying the core plasma density. It is shown that applying RMPs reduces the core density and increases the inter-ELM heat flux to both the inner and outer targets. Using gas puffing to return the core density to the pre-RMP levels more than eliminates the increase in inter-ELM heat flux, but a broadening of the heat flux to the outer target remains. These measurements were made at a single toroidal location, but the peak in the heat flux profile was found near the outer strike point where simulations indicate little toroidal variation should exist and tangentially viewing diagnostics showed no evidence of strong asymmetries. In experiments where divertor Thomson scattering measurements were available it is shown that local secondary peaks in the divertor electron temperature profile near the target plate are reduced as the core density is increased, while peaks in the divertor electron density profile near the target are increased. These trends observed in the divertor electron temperature and density are qualitatively reproduced by scanning the upstream density in EMC3-Eirene modeling. Measurements are presented showing that higher densities are needed to induce detachment of the outer strike point in a case where an increase in electron temperature, likely due to a change in MHD activity, is seen after RMPs are applied.
The Roles of Knowledge and Organizational Form on Opportunity Evaluation

What influences an individual to pursue one type of entrepreneurial opportunity versus another? Knowledge is central to the concept of opportunity identification and evaluation. Using conjoint analysis to capture underlying decision policies, we explore the roles of both knowledge and organizational form in the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Our findings suggest that, among respondents who considered entering a franchise agreement a viable alternative to founding an independent business, franchise versus independent form alone did not play a specific and significant role in the evaluation of the attractiveness of entrepreneurial opportunities. Rather, organizational form appears to influence the impact of both human capital relatedness and the inimitability of resources attributes on opportunity attractiveness.
Development and optimisation of a novel three-way extraction technique based on a combination of Soxhlet extraction, membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer using sludge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model compounds.

A novel technique that integrates extraction and clean-up into a single step format is reported as part of the search for new sample preparation techniques in the analysis of persistent organic pollutants from complex samples. This was achieved by combining the extraction efficiency of the Soxhlet extractor, the selectivity of a size exclusion membrane and the specificity of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wastewater sludge followed by quantitation using gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The approach is described as the Soxhlet extraction membrane-assisted solvent extraction molecularly imprinted polymer technique. This technique was optimised for various parameters such as extraction solvent, reflux time and membrane acceptor phase. The applicability of the developed technique was optimised using a wastewater sludge certified reference material and then tested on real wastewater sludge samples. The method detection limits ranged from 0.14 to 12.86 ng/g with relative standard deviation values for the extraction of the 16 US-EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wastewater sludge samples ranging from 0.78 to 18%. The extraction process was therefore reproducible and showed remarkable selectivity. The developed technique is a promising prospect that can be applied in the analysis of organic pollutants from complex solid samples.
Voice instabilities in a three-dimensional continuum model of phonation

The goal of this study is to identify vocal fold conditions that produce irregular vocal fold vibration and the underlying physical mechanisms. Using a three-dimensional computational model of phonation, parametric simulations are performed with co-variations in vocal fold geometry, stiffness, and vocal tract shape. For each simulation, the cycle-to-cycle variations in the amplitude and period of the glottal area function are calculated, based on which the voice are classified into three types corresponding to regular, quasi-steady or subharmomic, and chaotic phonation. The results show that the presence of a vocal tract significantly increases the occurrence of irregular vocal fold vibration, which naturally occurs even under symmetric vocal fold conditions, in particular for vocal folds with very low transverse stiffness in the coronal plane or a soft vocal fold body layer. The occurrence of voice instability is suppressed by increasing the transverse stiffness, increasing the body-cover ratio in the lo...
Is there a right of freedom of expression

Introduction Part I. Defining Human Rights and Delimiting the Scope of Freedom of Expression: 1. Preliminaries: what is a human right, and what activities implicate freedom of expression? 2. Freedom of expression and regulations that affect messages but are not enacted for that reason 3. The puzzles of governmental purpose Part II. The Core of Freedom of Expression: Government Regulations and Acts Taken To Affect Messages: 4. The core of freedom of expression: regulations of conduct for the purpose of affecting messages received 5. Track three: Government speech and subsidies of speech 6. Miscellaneous regulations of expression Part III. Theoretical Perspectives on Freedom of Expression: 7. General justifying theories of freedom of expression 8. The paradoxes of liberalism and the failure of theories justifying a right of freedom of expression Epilogue: 9. Muddling through: freedom of expression in the absence of a human right.
Connectivity of variants in eQTL networks dictates reproducibility and functionality

Network analyses are a natural approach for identifying genetic variants and genes that work together to drive disease phenotypes. The relationship between SNPs and genes, captured in expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis, can be represented as a network with edges connecting SNPs and genes. Existing network methods treat such edges as fixed and known when they are most often thresholded estimates from eQTL regression. We consider various characterizations of an essential feature of nodes of eQTL networks, their degree centrality, that retains different data on eQTLs. We define the network metric of degree to be estimated by false discovery rates, test statistics, and p-values of the eQTL regressions in order to represent how central and potentially influential a SNP is to the network. We calculate degree metrics for data from 21 tissues from the GTEx project to assess the reproducibility, correlation across tissues, and, functional importance of degree.
The amyloid cascade and Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics: theory versus observation

The identification of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) pathogenic mutations in familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with knowledge that amyloid-β (Aβ) was the principle protein component of senile plaques, led to the establishment of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Down syndrome substantiated the hypothesis, given an extra copy of the APP gene and invariable AD pathology hallmarks that occur by middle age. An abundance of support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis followed. Prion-like protein misfolding and non-Mendelian transmission of neurotoxicity are among recent areas of investigation. Aβ-targeted clinical trials have been disappointing, with negative results attributed to inadequacies in patient selection, challenges in pharmacology, and incomplete knowledge of the most appropriate target. There is evidence, however, that proof of concept has been achieved, i.e., clearance of Aβ during life, but with no significant changes in cognitive trajectory in AD. Whether the time, effort, and expense of Aβ-targeted therapy will prove valuable will be determined over time, as Aβ-centered clinical trials continue to dominate therapeutic strategies. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that the amyloid cascade is intimately involved in AD, in parallel with disease pathogenesis, but that removal of toxic Aβ is insufficient for an effective disease modification.
Structure of the Sir2 Family of NAD+-Dependent Histone/Protein Deacetylases

Sir2 enzymes are broadly conserved from bacteria to humans, and eukaryotic organisms typically contain multiple Sir2 enzymes that target different protein substrates to mediate diverse biological processes including gene silencing, DNA repair, genome stability, longevity, metabolism, adipogenesis, and cell physiology. These enzymes use a conserved catalytic core domain to bind NAD+ and acetyl-lysine-bearing protein targets. They generate lysine, 2′-0-acetyl-ADP-ribose, and nicotinamide products and contain more variable N- and C-terminal domains that may contribute protein-specific functions. Structural and related biochemical studies on the Sir2 enzymes from several laboratories have provided important insights into their conserved mode of NAD+ and acetyl-lysine binding, recognition, and catalysis, as well as the distinguishing features that allow different members of the family to target their respective cognate substrates. This chapter summarizes the results of the structural analysis of the Sir2 enzymes as well as the implications of these studies for structure-based design of Sir2-specific small-molecule compounds that might modulate Sir2 functions for therapeutic application.
Book Review of Performing Remembering: Women’s Memories of War in Vietnam, by Rivka Syd Eisner

This essay reviews Performing Remembering: Women’s Memories of War in Vietnam, by Rivka Syd Eisner. Performing Remembering serves as an ethnographic study and oral history, recounting the wartime experiences of the Former Women Political Prisoner Performance Group, a volunteer musical theatre troupe comprised of Vietnamese veterans from Vietnam’s Anti-French War and American War.
Koszuality of the $$\mathcal V^{(d)}$$ V ( d ) dioperad

Define a $$\mathcal V^{(d)}$$ -algebra as an associative algebra with a symmetric and invariant co-inner product of degree d. Here, we consider $$\mathcal V^{(d)}$$ as a dioperad which includes operations with zero inputs. We show that the quadratic dual of $$\mathcal V^{(d)}$$ is $$(\mathcal V^{(d)})^!=\mathcal V^{(-d)}$$ and prove that $$\mathcal V^{(d)}$$ is Koszul. We also show that the corresponding properad is not Koszul contractible.
Vital and enchanted: Jane Bennett and new materialism for nursing philosophy and practice

Nursing theories are typically anthropocentric and emphasize caring for a person as a unitary whole. They maintain the dualisms of human-nonhuman, natural-social and material-ideal. Recent developments in nonhuman ontology question the utility of that approach. One important philosopher in this new materialism is political theorist Jane Bennett. In this paper, I explore Bennett's vital materialism and enchantment as two concepts arising from the nonhuman turn that should inform nursing philosophy. Vital materialism considers the lively power of matter to affect the world and be affected in relations. Enchantment refers to a sense of wonder and captivation with matter. While summarizing her important contributions, I also describe common criticisms and responses. I consider the human as an assemblage of matter as well as the agency or "thing power" of matter external to humans. This has implications for nursing thought and practice, and it can inform a more capacious research methodology. I also discuss how compassion fatigue or burnout and other professional issues may be seen as a form of disenchantment with the material world. I argue that embracing these and other elements of Bennett's new materialist philosophy can help nurses and other health professionals enrich their theories and practice to advance their disciplines and improve care for persons and populations.
Investigating Characteristics of Internet Paths

Interactive and multimedia applications depend on the stability of end-to-end paths for predictable performance and good quality of service. On the other hand, network providers depend on multiple paths to ensure fault tolerance and use load balancing between these paths to enhance the overall network throughput. In this study, we analyze path dynamics for both end-to-end paths and path segments within service providers’ networks using 2 months of measurement data from the RIPE Atlas platform, which collects path traces between a fixed set of source and destination pairs every 15 minutes. We observe that 78% of the end-to-end routes have at least two alternative Autonomous System (AS) paths with some end-to-end routes going through hundreds of different AS paths during the 2 months of analysis. While AS level paths are often prevalent for a day, there are considerable changes in the routing of the trace packets over the ASes for a longer duration of a month or longer. Analyzing end-to-end paths for routing anomalies, we observe that 4.4% of the path traces (involving 18% of the ASes) contain routing loops indicating misconfiguration of routers. Some of the ASes had over 100 routers involved in loops in path traces through their networks. We observe a much higher rate of anomalies in the AS level, with 45% of path traces containing an AS loop. Additionally, we discovered that few of the ASes bounce-back packets where some traces through their network traverse routers in both forward and backward directions. Determining path segments belonging to each AS, we further explore ingress to egress paths of ASes in addition to the source to destination paths within the AS. Analyzing trace segments between ingresses and egresses of an AS, we realized more than half of the ASes have the same router level path between any ingress-egress pair for the 2 months, but others implement load balancing. These results are different from earlier studies that indicated a high level of path dynamism. Our results indicate that the end-to-end path dynamism is due to the Border Gateway Protocol level rather than the router level within ASes.
Thermal Modeling of Indoor Spaces using Illumination Measurement as a Surrogate for Solar Heat Gain

Solar heat gain (SHG) strongly affects temperature distribution in indoor spaces with significant glass window-area and facades. In this study, we propose and validate a thermal dynamics model that includes the effect of SHG. Since SHG cannot be easily measured directly, we use reflected illumination measurements obtained from cheap ceiling-mounted ambient lighting sensors as a surrogate for SHG in the thermal dynamics model. We demonstrate experimentally that this model improves the prediction accuracy over typical R-C (Resistance-Capacitance) Models that do not include SHG. Specifically, we show that in our test bed, cross-validation error is reduced from $2.2^{\circ}C$ for an R-C Model to $1.0^{\circ}C$ for the RC Model with SHG. We further demonstrate the robustness of the identified model by validating it under varying ambient weather conditions.
IgA plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by poorer long-term survival and increased genomic complexity compared to IgG neoplasms.

Abstract The characteristics of the IgA plasma cell neoplasms are not clearly reported in the literature. The main goal of this study is to examine IgA plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) and to compare them to IgG lesions. After at least 5 years from the identification of an M protein, 98 cases were selected, the presentation and clinical evolution of 45 IgA neoplasms were compared to 43 cases of IgG gammopathies. The classification at presentation as monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS)-22 of 45 IgA and 20 of 43 IgG (49 vs 46%), plasma cell myeloma (PCM)-22 of 45 IgA and 22 of 43 IgG (49 vs 51%) and smoldering PCM (SPCM)-1 each (2% for both) was essentially identical. No solitary plasmacytomas were identified. At presentation, IgA patients were younger (66.5 ± 11.3 vs. 69.2 ± 10.7 years), less likely to have bone lesions (12/45 vs 18/43, p
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF H3-HISTAMINE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the uptake and release of H 3 -histamine. The gastric mucosa contains large amounts of histamine, but relatively few mast cells and this amine is generally believed to mediate the gastric secretion evoked by vagal stimulation. It seems unlikely that this interaction would be restricted to only one exocrine gland, therefore, it is pertinent that administered histamine, like parasympathetic stimulation, increases the secretion of saliva, tears, sweat, and of the intestinal and pancreatic juice, and bile. In experiments on the effects of compound 48/80 in various rat tissues, amine stores were depleted by more than 70% in mesentery, diaphragm, esophagus, and submaxillary gland, hardly affected in gastric mucosa, lung, and ileum, and depleted by less than half in duodenum, colon, liver, and heart. Even in skeletal muscle considerable amounts of histamine were resistant to the action of 48/80. The results indicate that about 50% of histamine in rat tissues, other than the skin, may not be located in mast cells.
Oral administration of the iron chelator deferiprone protects against loss of retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of glaucoma

Abstract Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative process affecting the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve. Oxidative stress has been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis, and iron is a potent generator of oxidative stress. The oral iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) is protective against retinal degenerations associated with oxidative stress. To test whether DFP could be protective in glaucoma, we used microbead injections to induce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in a cohort of 3-month old C57BL/6J mice. One eye of each animal was injected with magnetic microbeads resulting in ocular hypertension for >7 weeks while the fellow eye was injected with saline and served as a normotensive internal control. While half of the cohort received oral DFP (1 mg/ml in the drinking water), the other half did not and served as controls. After 8 weeks, Brn3a immunolabeling of flat-mounted retinas was used for manual RGC quantification. Axon counts were obtained from thin sections of optic nerves using the AxonJ plugin for ImageJ. DFP administration was protective against RGC and optic nerve loss in the setting of elevated IOP. These results suggest that iron chelation by DFP may provide glaucoma neuroprotection.
Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers:

Background:Shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball pitchers, which can lead to significant pain and disability, have been on the rise at all levels of play for 3 decades. Despite anatomic and neuro...
Contrasting Personal Characteristics and Psychosocial Correlates of Exercise and Eating Behavior Changes in Women Successful vs. Unsuccessful with Weight Loss and Maintenance

BACKGROUND There is great variability in individuals' responses to behavioral weight-loss treatments. Beyond attaining meaningful weight loss in the initial several weeks, little is known of the characteristics of participants successful vs. unsuccessful with short- and long-term weight loss. METHODS Separate samples of women with obesity enrolled in cognitive-behavioral weight-loss treatments were assessed over 6 months (Study 1: successful weight-loss group, n = 83; unsuccessful group, n = 158), and over 24 months (Study 2: sustained initially lost weight, n = 25; regained weight, n = 19), on personal characteristics and theory-driven psychosocial variables. RESULTS In Study 1, significantly older age and greater eating self-regulation at baseline were found in the successful group. Significantly greater improvements in exercise- and eating-related self-regulation, mood, exercise- and eating-related self-efficacy, physical self-concept, and body satisfaction were found in the successful group. In Study 2, the sustainer group had significantly more favorable changes over 2 years in exercise- and eating-related self-regulation, and mood. During Months 6-24, the psychosocial correlates of both exercise and eating behaviors regressed, with more pronounced reversions in the regainer group. CONCLUSION Increasing the magnitude of treatment-associated improvement in each of the tested theory-based psychosocial factors is warranted to increase probabilities for success with attaining and maintaining meaningful weight loss.
Staying Angry: Black Women’s Resistance to Racialized Forgiveness in U.S. Police Shootings

Requests for forgiveness can effectively silence and delegitimize anger, and requests to publicly perform emotional labor can effectively make that labor both required and undervalued. I focus on i...
Treating Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Using Counterstrain: A Novel Approach.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a challenging disease to treat and requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. We discuss the use of a novel approach to counterstrain using irritants - as identified by the patient - to induce symptoms of neuropathy and paresthesia and treat these symptoms as if they were counterstrain tender points. This treatment approach to CRPS has not previously been described in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) literature, including Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. A 23-year-old female presented with an array of symptoms consistent with complex regional pain syndrome in her right foot and lower leg that had been gradually worsening for approximately one year. She had been treated with physical therapy, medications, injections, orthotics, and a transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) unit, all of which provided temporary symptomatic relief but had not treated the underlying disease. By utilizing the mentioned osteopathic approach to treat the neuropathic aspect of her CRPS, we were able to produce a lasting resolution of her symptoms and improve her loss in proprioception and temperature discrimination in the affected limb. A counterstrain should be considered a reasonable option to assist in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome. This new treatment approach does not require extensive training or experience with osteopathic manipulative treatment, nor does it take much time to administer. Thus, it could be easily learned and utilized by many standard practitioners for patients with complex regional pain syndrome. In addition, given its low intensity and passive approach, it more likely to be tolerated well by patients. Understanding the challenging nature of treating complex regional pain syndrome, this report aims to be helpful in adding to the general fund of knowledge regarding this condition and the possible treatments. We fully understand that the safety of this intervention cannot be demonstrated with one case nor can the effectiveness. However, our goal is to emphasize and educate readers of these promising results with the hope that this can be the first step toward the required further research in prospective and controlled trials.
Employment Effects of Environmental Policies – Evidence From Firm-Level Data

The employment impact of environmental policies is an important question for policy makers. We examine the effect of increasing the stringency of environmental policy across a broad set of policies on firms’ labor demand, in a novel identification approach using Worldscope data from 31 countries on firm-level CO2 emissions. Drawing on evidence from as many as 5300 firms over 15 years and the OECD environmental policy stringency (EPS) index, it finds that high emission-intensity firms reduce labor demand upon impact as EPS is tightened, whereas low emission-intensity firms increase labor demand, indicating a reallocation of employment. Moreover, tightening EPS during economic contractions appears to have a positive effect on employment, other things equal. Quantifications exercises show modest positive net changes in employment for market-based policies, and modest negative net changes for non-market policies (mainly emission quantity regulations) and for the combined aggregate EPS. Within market-based policies, the percent decline in employment in high-emission firms (correspondingly the increase in low-emission firms) for a unit change in a policy index is smallest (largest) for trading schemes (“green” certificates, and “white” certificates)—although stringency is not comparable across indices. Finally, the employment effects of EPS are not persistent.