cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian Freshwater Algal Database (HfwADB): a laboratory LIMS and online biodiversity resource

Biodiversity databases serve the important role of highlighting species-level diversity from defined geographical regions. Databases that are specially designed to accommodate the types of data gathered during regional surveys are valuable in allowing full data access and display to researchers not directly involved with the project, while serving as a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). The Hawaiian Freshwater Algal Database, or HfwADB, was modified from the Hawaiian Algal Database to showcase non-marine algal specimens collected from the Hawaiian Archipelago by accommodating the additional level of organization required for samples including multiple species. The Hawaiian Freshwater Algal Database is a comprehensive and searchable database containing photographs and micrographs of samples and collection sites, geo-referenced collecting information, taxonomic data and standardized DNA sequence data. All data for individual samples are linked through unique 10-digit accession numbers (“Isolate Accession”), the first five of which correspond to the collection site (“Environmental Accession”). Users can search online for sample information by accession number, various levels of taxonomy, habitat or collection site. HfwADB is hosted at the University of Hawaii, and was made publicly accessible in October 2011. At the present time the database houses data for over 2,825 samples of non-marine algae from 1,786 collection sites from the Hawaiian Archipelago. These samples include cyanobacteria, red and green algae and diatoms, as well as lesser representation from some other algal lineages. HfwADB is a digital repository that acts as a Laboratory Information Management System for Hawaiian non-marine algal data. Users can interact with the repository through the web to view relevant habitat data (including geo-referenced collection locations) and download images of collection sites, specimen photographs and micrographs, and DNA sequences. It is publicly available at http://algae.manoa.hawaii.edu/hfwadb/ .
Session IV. Crop Physiology and Production Methods of Oats Chairman’s Comments and Summing Up

The first two papers in this session dealt with identification and elucidation of physiological parameters that impact oat productivity. Both authors emphasized the need to utilise these physiological parameters as selection criteria in plant breeding programmes to improve oat productivity, Brouwer suggested that growth and development patterns of oats might be manipulated to improve productivity of oat genotypes. The utilisation of variation for such physiological response should lead to the development of cultivars which are more tolerant of environmental stresses or have a developmental pattern that permits them to escape some of the critical stress periods. He encouraged the use of physiological parameters such as rootishoot ratio, seedling vigour, harvest index, photosynthetic activity, leaf area duration and growth rates as selection criteria to be used in oat breeding programmes.
Urological Manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: A Review

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an immune-mediated systemic vasculitis generally found in children. The standard manifestations of HSP are palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and renal complications. Although less common, there are significant urological manifestations associated with HSP. The primary objective of this review is to encourage better understanding and management of HSP by emphasizing the common and rare manifestations of HSP, how they are diagnosed, and the latest treatment options for mild to severe complications. Medline searches of HSP and its urological manifestations were conducted along with searches on current diagnostic and treatment methods. Urological manifestations of HSP involve the kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate, scrotum, testicle, and penis. Diagnosis and management of HSP are not always clear due to differential diagnosis and diversity of symptom presentation. Treatment for HSP is mainly supportive and includes use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. In more severe cases, glucocorticoids, methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis, and peritoneal and hemodialysis are reported successful. It is important to note different symptoms of HSP in order to distinguish HSP from other diseases. Early diagnosis may prevent severe complications. Treatment options vary from conservative to invasive depending on the severity of the disease and time frame of diagnosis.
Spin Relaxation Methods for Characterizing Picosecond-Nanosecond and Microsecond-Millisecond Motions in Proteins

Time-dependent conformational fluctuations of proteins and other macromolecules are related by statistical mechanical principles to diverse biophysical phenomena, including thermodynamic stability, folding, molecular recognition, and catalysis. Heteronuclear (2H, 13C, and 15N) NMR spin relaxation spectroscopy constitutes a powerful experimental approach for globally characterizing conformational dynamics of macromolecules in solution, and consequently for probing biological function. Molecular dynamics on picosecond-nanosecond time scales can be characterized using the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation rate constant, the spin-spin relaxation rate constant and heteronuclear Overhauser enhancement. The model-free formalism parameterizes the relaxation data in terms of an overall rotational diffusion tensor for the molecule and a generalized order parameter and effective internal correlation time for each nuclear spin. The order parameter and correlation time characterize the amplitude and time scale for reorientational motions of the principal axes of the dipolar, chemical shift anisotropy and quad-rupolar interactions responsible for relaxation of the nuclear spin. The use of the generalized order parameter to investigate entropic contributions to ligand binding and energy landscapes for peptide backbone motions in bovine calbindin D9k, Escherichia coli ribonuclease H, and human fibronectin type III domains are described. Conformational exchange processes occurring on microsecond-millisecond time scales in biological macromolecules can be studied by Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill and R1 experiments. The measurement of exchange rates using these experiments is hindered by the limited range of spin-echo delays that are feasible in the former experiment and the limited range of radiofrequency field strengths accessible in the latter. Nonetheless, the temperature dependence of the transverse relaxation rate constant determined by the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill technique can be used to define the activation barrier for the exchange process without precise knowledge of the exchange rate constant. Off-resonance R1ρ experiments provide effective fields in the rotating frame that are much larger than the applied radiofrequency field strengt and can be used to measure exchange time constants as short as 10 μs. The methods are applied to Escherichia coli ribonuclease H and the third fibronectin type III domain from human tenascin.
49-P : MULTI-SUBSET DONOR LYMPHOID CHIMERISM PATTERNS DURING ACUTE GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANT

Aim We monitored donor lymphoid chimerism (DLC) long term patterns by STR to investigate their clinical relevance to aGvHD. Methods 81 out of 879 liver transplant patients (2005-2013) who clinically suspected as aGvHD were tested for DLC. Short tandem repeat (STR) assay for DLC was run on the peripheral blood, T, NK, and CD8 + T cells. Cases with positive DLC in any preparation (>5%) were monitored until resolution of DLC or patient expiration. Results Three characteristic patterns of subset DLC were observed. The first pattern (5 patients) is characterized by low level D% that is detected only in CD8 + T cell on initial positive test (Fig. 1). In the second pattern, four patients on the initial positive DLC, had relatively higher CD8 + T cell D% combined with positive T cell D% (Fig. 1). These two patterns were associated with effective aGvHD control with complete resolution of DLC within a mean of 21 days. In the third pattern, four patients with positive DLC in all CD8 + T cells, NK cells and T cell were associated with longer duration for DLC resolution (114 days) (Fig. 2) and failure of treatment (Fig. 2). Conclusions Detection of DLC in both NK and CD8 + T cell preparations is associated with longer duration to DLC resolution and higher mortality rate. These results suggest that multi-subset DLC testing is a useful tool to support the diagnosis of aGvHD and predict the response to treatment.
Deconstruct and Superstruct: Examining Bias Across the Legal System

The fourth edition of Webster's New World College Dictionary defines "bias" as "a mental leaning or inclination; partiality; bent[,] . . . to cause to have a bias; influence; prejudice . . . ." In the law, we have tended to think of bias in the straightforward context of claims of employment or housing discrimination. More recently, awareness has increased that eyewitness identifications and identifications from criminal line-ups can be skewed by bias. However, the potential for bias reaches more fundamentally across every participant category within the legal system.Law is a distinctively human activity, involving a series of human actors -- clients, lawyers, judges, jurors, witnesses, and court personnel. The potential for bias reaches across every area of the law through all of these human actors in legal proceedings. For example, the potential for bias extends to layperson-witnesses, whose identification of perpetrators or characterization of events may be tainted by bias. The potential for bias extends to attorneys, who may favor one client over another, adopt assumptions, or assert peremptory challenges due to biased stereotypes or expectations. The potential for bias extends to jurors, who may approach legal proceedings with biases or prejudices that impact their perceptions and their decision-making in evaluating the participants in those proceedings. And the potential for bias extends to judges, who may be biased in favor of (or against) particular claims, particular litigants, or particular lawyers.Psychological studies have demonstrated the existence of unconscious bias -- a phenomenon to which all these categories of participants in legal proceedings are susceptible. However, there has been little attempt to discuss the full range of ramifications across the legal system. Instead, discussions of unconscious bias -- indeed, discussions integrating any psychological concept with the law -- typically have taken aim at one specific issue within the law, rather than examining the applicability of the psychological concept across a broader legal context.In this Article, I deal systemically with unconscious bias in the context of legal proceedings broadly. I examine how psychology informs the phenomenon of unconscious bias, and analyze the potential impact of unconscious bias upon the individuals who participate in legal proceedings, including eyewitnesses, lawyers, jurors, and judges. In doing so, I encourage a broader recognition of the potential role of unconscious bias in legal proceedings, and seek to identify commonalities in recognizing and remedying such bias.
Critical Cosmopolitan Educational Research: grounded and potentially transformational

ABSTRACTDrawing insights from scholarship in social sciences and education and the author's reflective research accounts, this paper aims to illustrate how a critical cosmopolitan framework can provide an alternative way of looking at educational phenomena. More specifically, the goal is to explore the why, where, who, and how of Critical Cosmopolitan Educational Research.
Rediscovering Eudaimonistic Teleology

The continuing clash of ethical titans resounds with the cries of utilitarianism, virtue ethics, hedonism, rational egoism, emotivism, deon tology, universal prescriptivism, rational contractarianism, and non cogniti vism. This fray is predicated upon each combatant assuming that his truth is complete and exclusive of all others and that his predecessors have been refuted. But are these assumptions true? Is it not possible that each has indeed grasped something true: the necessity of pursuing the greatest good for the greatest number in political action; the indispensability of virtues; the ethical relevance of personal happiness; the goodness of pleasure and self-love; the priority of moral duty over inclinations; the universality of moral norms; and the importance of feelings in living the ethical life? And is it not possible that this fray is merely an historical artefact arising from the widespread?albeit uncritical?belief that Hume, Kant, and Moore de stroyed the viability of eudaimonistic teleology, especially as expressed by Aristotle and Aquinas? If these possibilities are real, perhaps the redis covery of ethical eudaimonia would include currently factional insights in such a way as to resolve on-going perplexities and provide a basis for a peaceful settlement. Such a rapprochement necessitates, however, the discovery of a non controversial starting point, such as the characteristics common to the ex pression of moral obligations: I ought to do X; Do the morally obliged X; Attain the morally obliged X; or, X ought to be done. Every such formula tion?be it consequentalistic, deontological or whatever?expresses that something ought to be done. This something is nothing other than an end that is either extrinsically or intrinsically immanent to the action. An example of the former is classical utilitarianism which obliges distributing material goods so that the greatest happiness of the greatest number is produced. An example of the latter is Kant's categorical imperative obliging action to realize a universal maxim. Either way, then, these obligations concern ends and as such are necessarily ideological. Accordingly, it behooves us to reconsider the almost 2300 year old ethics specializing in teleology, i.e., eudaimonistic teleology. This ethics not only notices the central fact that obligations concern ends but holds that ends generate obligations?as Aquinas explains in the Summa Theologiae (hereafter S. . I?II, 99, lc):
Diagnosis and Management of Diaphragmatic Eventration in Neonates and Infants

Objective To review the clinical feature, diagnosis and management of congeni tal diaphragmatic eventration. Methods Retrospective study was carried out on 15 neonates and in fants with congenital diaphragmatic eventration admitted over the last 5 years. Results Of them, 8 cases underwent diaphragmatic folding operation, 3 cases with minimal symptoms were managed conservatively, 3 cases discharged from hospital without operation because low income and one case refused the treatment because brain hypogenesis. There was no operative death. The opera live patients recovered well. 5 operative patients were followed up for 6 month to 3 years, the symptom had not relapse. Conclusions At present, the main clinical symptoms of congenital diaphragmatic eventration in neonates and infants are respiratory tractrepeatedly infections and low body weigth.Satisfactry effect can be obtained by early dingnosis and operative trentment.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

SUMMARY The finding of thrombocytopenia with normal or increased megakaryocytes on bone marrow aspirate supports the diagnosis of ITP. It is essential, however, that every effort be made to exclude other causes of the consumption of platelets. Most cases of chronic ITP are immune in origin; consequently, steroid therapy is the initial treatment of choice, followed by splenectomy if indicated. Twenty-five per cent of patients fail to respond to either treatment modality; however, bleeding manifestations are often mild even when a response in the platelet count is not achieved. Although acute ITP is often self-limiting, exacerbations and remissions may occur in both acute and chronic types of ITP.
WWP2 is required for normal cell cycle progression

WWP2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase belonging to the Nedd4-like family. Given that WWP2 target proteins including PTEN that are crucial for regulating cell proliferation or suppressing tumorigenesis, we have asked whether WWP2 plays a role in controlling cell cycle progression. Here we report that WWP2 is necessary for normal cell cycle progression as its silencing significantly reduces the cell proliferation rate. We have identified that an isoform of WWP2 (WWP2-V4) is highly expressed in the M phase of the cell cycle. Silencing of WWP2 accelerates the turnover of cyclin E, which is accompanied by increased levels of phospho-histone H3 (p-H3) and cyclin B. Moreover, silencing of WWP2 results in compromised phosphorylation of Akt(S473), a residue whose phosphorylation is tightly associated with the activation of the kinase. Combined, these results strongly suggest that WWP2 is an important component in regulating the Akt signaling cascade, as well as cell cycle progression.
The academic administrator's role in ... the sudden death of a resident physician.

In an academic administrator's role, writes Kathy Roberts, one's day-to-day responsibilities involve the management of a wide variety of administrative matters; however, no amount of training totally prepares one for the sudden death of a resident physician and the consequences thereof. Roberts describes just such an incident and how her organization dealt with it.
The Metaphysical Blues and the Juke Joint of Ideas

Without doubt, the blues is one of the most repetitive of musical forms and among the earliest musical forms subject to mechanical reproduction. Similarly, speaking of the blues is an exercise in repetition, a repetition of the repetition essential to the blues, but in a different register. To speak of the blues in the terms provided by Gilles Deleuze, as I plan to do in what follows, is to repeat the play of identity and difference, of equality and inequality, freedom and enslavement, departure and return. The following asks if the repetition of difference in the blues might serve as both a hermeneutic model for teaching and as a heuristic measure to determine the extent to which the classroom might become a rowdy and disorderly Juke Joint of Ideas.2 Listening to the BLues Typically speaking, the blues is tripartite and follows an AAB pattern, as in figure 1. The most ubiquitous blues is twelve measures long and divided into three groups of four measures each (1–4 / 5–8 / 9–12). The text of the first line, often a recollection of a past event or experience, is accompanied by an unchanging tonic harmony (I–I). The second line repeats the lyrics and melody of the first, but with a different harmonic underpinning (I–IV7–I). The lyrics of the third line offer a commentary, often ironic and overcoded, on the event or experience recounted in the first two lines. The third line, the text of which must rhyme with the first two lines, is accompanied by yet another harmonic pattern (I–V7–IV7–I).3
Dual-Core Fiber Characterizations for Distributed Simultaneous Temperature and Strain Measurements Using Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis

This paper reports characterizations of dual-core optical fiber designed for simultaneous temperature and strain measurements using Brillouin optical time domain analysis
Adjoint-Based Uncertainty Analysis for Essential Reactions in a Laser Inertial Fusion Engine

This study establishes a procedure for constructing explicit and adjoint-based implicit sensitivities with MCNP5. Using these methods, an instantaneous sensitivity-based uncertainty analysis is per...
Comparison of recruitment and retention among demographic subgroups in a large diverse population study of diet

Abstract Objective We examined the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study of diet among diverse populations by comparing rates of response throughout recruitment and retention phases by demographic and other characteristics. Methods Using quota sampling, participants were recruited from 3 geographically and demographically diverse integrated health systems in the United States. Overall, 12,860 adults, ages 20–70, were invited to participate via mail. Participation first required accessing the study's website and later meeting eligibility criteria via telephone interview. Enrollees were asked to provide two 24-h dietary recalls, either interviewer-administered or self-administered on the web, over 6 weeks. Stepped monetary incentives were provided. Results Rates for accessing the study website ranged from 6% to 23% (9% overall) across sites. Site differences may reflect differences in recruitment strategy or target samples. Of those accessing the website, enrollment was high (≥87%). Of the 1185 enrollees, 42% were non-Hispanic white, 34% were non-Hispanic black, and 24% were Hispanic. Men and minorities had lower enrollment rates than women and non-Hispanic whites, partially due to less successful telephone contact for eligibility screening. Once enrolled, 90% provided 1 recall and 80% provided both. Women had higher retention rates than men, as did older compared to younger participants. Retention rates were similar across race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions While study recruitment remains challenging, once recruited most participants, regardless of race/ethnicity, completed two 24-h dietary recalls, both interviewer-administered and self-administered on the web. This study demonstrates the feasibility of collecting multiple 24-h recalls including less expensive automated self-administered recalls among diverse populations.
Estimating the future supply of shale oil: A Bakken case study

Abstract We propose a new way to estimate the supply curve of remaining shale oil reserves in the U.S. Our method applies the principle of “successive sampling without replacement” to derive from historical drilling data maximum likelihood estimates of the number and productivity of remaining drilling sites. Unlike existing techniques, this approach identifies the portion of “technically recoverable” resources that can be developed economically at alternative price levels. For example, we estimate that 50% of remaining technically recoverable resources located in the Bakken play—roughly 8 billion barrels—could be developed economically if the oil price remains near $50/barrel. (L71, Q35, Q41).
A small group of sulfated benzofurans induces steady-state submaximal inhibition of thrombin.

Abstract Despite the development of promising direct oral anticoagulants, which are all orthosteric inhibitors, a sizable number of patients suffer from bleeding complications. We have hypothesized that allosterism based on the heparin-binding exosites presents a major opportunity to induce sub-maximal inhibition of coagulation proteases, thereby avoiding/reducing bleeding risk. We present the design of a group of sulfated benzofuran dimers that display heparin-binding site-dependent partial allosteric inhibition of thrombin against fibrinogen (ΔY = 55–75%), the first time that a small molecule (MW
Heterogeneity of structural and functional imaging patterns of advanced brain aging revealed via machine learning methods

Disentangling the heterogeneity of brain aging in cognitively normal older adults is challenging, as multiple co-occurring pathologic processes result in diverse functional and structural changes. Capitalizing on machine learning methods applied to magnetic resonance imaging data from 400 participants aged 50 to 96 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we constructed normative cross-sectional brain aging trajectories of structural and functional changes. Deviations from typical trajectories identified individuals with resilient brain aging and multiple subtypes of advanced brain aging. We identified 5 distinct phenotypes of advanced brain aging. One group included individuals with relatively extensive structural and functional loss and high white matter hyperintensity burden. Another subgroup showed focal hippocampal atrophy and lower posterior-cingulate functional coherence, low white matter hyperintensity burden, and higher medial-temporal connectivity, potentially reflecting high brain tissue reserve counterbalancing brain loss that is consistent with early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Other subgroups displayed distinct patterns. These results indicate that brain changes should not be measured seeking a single signature of brain aging but rather via methods capturing heterogeneity and subtypes of brain aging. Our findings inform future studies aiming to better understand the neurobiological underpinnings of brain aging imaging patterns.
Conveying Chinese Medicine to Seventeenth-Century Europe

Several hitorian have recently drawn our attention to the importance of the search for useful medicines by Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Dutch investigators. Less well-known, however, are European publications about medical ideas and practies they encountered elsewhere. The first European Publications of and commentaries on Chinese medical texts appeared in France and Germany in the 1670s and 1680s: Les secrets de la Medecine des Chinois, (1671), the specimen Medicinae sinicae (1682), the Clavis Medica and Chinarum Doctrinam de Pulsibus (1686). The projects that resulted in the publications of the 1680s were in effect a sometimes fractious but collaborative effort between the Jesuits in China and the Dutch and German medical employees of the VOC in Asia, and thei local informants, over a period of at least two decades. The story of how two works on Chinese medicine came to appear in Germany, in Latin, in the 1680s, therefore reflects the aims and efforts of multiple people and groups.
Current Status of the Molecular Basis of Candida Pathogenicity

All organisms have evolved to succeed in a particular niche, and fungi pathogenic to man are no exception. Many colonize healthy hosts at low levels as commensals. When the host becomes physiologically or immunologically compromised, or in some cases, even when the host exhibits no obvious predisposing conditions, these fungi multiply and penetrate tissue, causing infection and, in an ever-increasing number of cases, death. Our primary interest is the capacity of these fungi to cause disease, and our ultimate goals are to control their growth and invasiveness, and to irradicate them in infected hosts. The application of new technologies of molecular biology will, without doubt, play a crucial role in this endeavor since it will be through them that we ultimately elucidate the genes, regulatory pathways, and gene products which combine to make these fungi such successful pathogens. In this review, the discussion will focus first upon the basic biology of one of the more prominent of these fungi, Candida albicans. The progress which has been made as well as the potential which now exists for applying molecular genetic techniques to the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this opportunistic pathogen will be reviewed.
WAMS-Based Controlled System Separation to Mitigate Cascading Failures in Smart Grid

Catastrophic power blackouts can cause tremendous losses and influence up to tens of millions of people. Since the 1965 Northeast Blackout, many efforts have been made by power industry, but cascading power outages continued to happen. Some recent blackout events are such as the east and west coast blackouts in North America in 2003 and 2011, respectively, the 2006 European blackout and the 2012 Indian blackout events [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Blackouts are usually caused by cascading failures initiated by, e.g., natural disasters and mis-operations, which are long chains of dependent equipment failures or outages successively weakening the transmission network [6]. If not prevented or mitigated, cascading failures can break the stability and integrity of the system and result in large-area power outages. When cascading failures occur, it is hard for grid operators to manually take a real-time remedial action in a matter of tens of seconds, so automatic system-wide protection and control schemes are vitally important to stop propagation of failures towards wide areas. At present, most existing protection systems lack adaptability and system-wide coordination. Their mechanism is prone to trip equipment under a predefined fault or abnormal condition, which, however, further weakens the transmission network and may speed up propagation of failures. Therefore, effective mitigation of cascading failures requires smart grid be armed with an adaptive, system-wide protection, and control scheme.
Examining the Determinants of Extra-Judicial Killings in the Philippines at the Subnational Level: the Role of Penal Populism and Vertical Accountability

Since the election of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016, extra-judicial killings (EJKs, hereafter) have become commonplace as a result of his administration’s declaration of war on drugs. Empirical cross-national work on examining determinants behind state repression remains scant especially in understanding the phenomenon at the sub-national level. This study investigates what accounts for variations on EJKs at the level of Philippine provinces. Using monthly panel-data for 62 provinces and employing various count-model regressions, the findings indicate that Philippine provinces which have large populations, stronger state capacity, and are more affluent in terms of the human development index are more likely to exhibit higher rates of EJKs. Furthermore, the vote share of the President in the 2016 elections and presidential visits to specific provinces are correlated with higher incidences of EJKs—corroborating theories on delegative democracies and penal populism. Lastly, it is found that drug-prone provinces are more likely to experience a higher share of human rights violations in terms of EJKs, compared to provinces that have lower affectation rates. The implications suggest that the Philippine war on drugs seem to promote vertical accountability as international criticism and domestic opposition mounts.
Comparing forward and backward chaining in teaching Olympic weightlifting

The popularity of Olympic-style weightlifting in fitness routines is growing, but participating in these exercises with improper technique places lifters at increased risk for injury. Fitness training professionals have developed multiple teaching strategies, but have not subjected these strategies to systematic evaluation, particularly with novice lifters. Two strategies recommended by professional training organizations are akin to forward and backward chaining, which have been shown effective at teaching other novel, complex behaviors. The present study compared these forward- and backward-chaining-like strategies to teach novice lifters "the clean" and "the snatch," two Olympic weightlifting movements frequently incorporated into high-intensity training programs. Participants performed lifts taught with forward chaining more accurately than lifts taught with backward chaining.
Getting the Arizona Courts and the Arizona Legislature on the Same (Drafting) Page

One only needs to read the latest legal blog or newspaper to find a story about ambiguous statutory language at the center of a dispute. Courts solve these disputes in a variety of ways, including using statutory interpretation tools, such as textual aids, canons of construction, and legislative history. Of course, not every scholar or judge agrees on when, how, and even if a court should employ these tools. On the one hand, textualists follow a formalist approach that requires a court to look to just the text in interpreting a statute and to reject tools that consider extrinsic evidence, such as legislative history. On the other hand, purposivists believe the most important goal is to find the legislative purpose or intent behind the statute, which may require the court to rely on legislative history. What is missing from this debate about how to use statutory interpretation tools, though, is how a court should treat materials that legislative drafters actually use when drafting the law.
Acute leukemias harboring KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion: a 10-year experience from a single genomics laboratory

The MLLT10 (formerly AF10) gene is the fourth most common KMT2A fusion partner across all acute leukemias and requires at least 3 breaks to form an in-frame KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion due to the opposite orientation of each gene. A 10-year retrospective review was performed to identify individuals from all age groups that harbor KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion obtained by our KMT2A/MLLT10 dual-color dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) assay. Of the 60 unique individuals identified, 31 were male and 29 were female (M:F ratio, 1.1:1) with ages ranging from 3 days to 86 years (mean 21.5 years, median 5.5 years). The diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (49 patients, 82%), B- or T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (7 patients, 12%), myeloid sarcoma (3 patients, 5%), and a single case (2%) of undifferentiated leukemia. Twenty-seven of 49 patients (55%) with AML were in the infant or pediatric age group. Fifty-three of 60 patients (88%) had KMT2A/MLLT10 D-FISH signal patterns mostly consisting of single fusions. In addition, 10 (26%) of 38 patients with conventional chromosome studies had "normal" (5 patients) or abnormal (5 patients) chromosome studies that lacked structural or numeric abnormalities involving chromosomes 10 or 11, implying cryptic cytogenetic mechanisms for KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion. Lastly, mate-pair sequencing was performed on 4 AML cases, 2 of which had "normal" chromosome studies and cryptic KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion as detected by KMT2A/MLLT10 D-FISH studies, and verified the multiple breaks required to generate KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion.
A review and analysis of possible changes to the climatology of tornadoes in the United States

This review and analysis illustrates that the spatial distribution and temporal clustering of tornadoes in the United States are changing. Tornado activity is increasing throughout the Southeast an...
Best L p approximation with multiple constraints for 1≤p≤∞

The problem considered in this paper is best Lp approximation with multiple constraints for 1 ⩽ p < ∞. Characterizations of best Lp approximations from multiple n-convex splines and functions are established and the relationship between them is investigated. Applications to best monotone convex approximation are studied.
Development and initial validation of a digital divided-attention neurocognitive test for use in concussion assessment.

Objective: Computerized neurocognitive tests are commonly used after a concussion injury. The use of reliable and valid tests that utilize a divided-attention task may improve assessment. Therefore...
Bringing the Phenomenal World into View

Using aspect perception as a point of entry, this chapter argues that the phenomenal world—the world as perceived and responded to prior to being thought, or thought about—is repressed in both Travis’s work on perception and McDowell’s. In focusing exclusively on perception as providing us with objects of judgments, or Fregean thoughts, both Travis and McDowell ignore altogether the world as it presents itself to us apart from any particular judgment or (objective) thought about it. And yet, it is that world that solicits, or elicits, movements and words from us—including what may be called ‘judgments’—and provides the background apart from which they would not have whatever sense they have for us.
Conhecimento e adesão ao Papanicolau de mulheres de uma rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde

Objetivo Analisar o conhecimento e a adesao ao Papanicolau de mulheres que frequentam Unidades Basicas de Saude. Metodos Um questionario composto de questoes pre-codificadas e abertas foi aplicado as usuarias de duas Unidades Basicas de Saude da cidade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, localizadas em bairros com perfil socioeconomico distinto. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados Apos a analise de 99 questionarios respondidos, ficou evidente um nivel de conhecimento melhor sobre o exame de Papanicolau das residentes do bairro com melhores condicoes socioeconomicas e das mulheres mais jovens. Ficou evidente que muitas fazem esse exame sem saber o devido objetivo desse procedimento. A vergonha e a falta de tempo foram relatadas como motivos relevantes para nao realizar o exame. Conclusao A falta de informacao sobre o exame de Papanicolau das mulheres com mais de 60 anos e menor nivel socioeconomico ficou evidente neste estudo e pode ser considerada um dos aspectos mais relevantes a nao adesao a prevencao do câncer do colo de utero. Dessa maneira, acoes de saude alternativas deveriam ser adotadas pelas Unidades Basicas de Saude para melhor orientar a populacao e, assim, aumentar a adesao a esse exame. Palavras-chave: Exame ginecologico. Neoplasias do colo do utero. Teste de Papanicolau.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in BRCA1/2 and Multigene Panel Testing Among Young Breast Cancer Patients

Genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is recommended for breast cancer patients diagnosed at age ≤ 50 years. Our objective was to examine racial/ethnic differences in genetic testing frequency and results among diverse breast cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study among women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤ 50 years from January 2007 to December 2017 at Columbia University in New York, NY. Among 1503 diverse young breast cancer patients, nearly half (46.2%) completed HBOC genetic testing. Genetic testing completion was associated with younger age, family history of breast cancer, and earlier stage, but not race/ethnicity or health insurance status. Blacks had the highest frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants (18.6%), and Hispanics and Asians had the most variants of uncertain significance (VUS), 19.0% and 21.9%, respectively. The percentage of women undergoing genetic testing increased over time from 15.3% in 2007 to a peak of 72.8% in 2015. Over the same time period, there was a significant increase in P/LP and VUS results. Due to uncertainty about the clinical implications of P/LP variants in moderate penetrance genes and VUSs, our findings underscore the need for targeted genetic counseling education, particularly among young minority breast cancer patients.
A quasi-static non-linear modal analysis procedure extending Rayleigh quotient stationarity for non-conservative dynamical systems

Abstract Non-linear Modal Analysis (NMA) refers to a class of analysis procedures that seek to characterize non-linear dynamical systems similar to how classical linear modal analysis characterizes the natural frequencies and mode shapes of linear systems. The current study proposes an extension to the stationarity of Rayleigh quotients, a classical technique for linear modal analysis, for non-linear, non-conservative, dynamical systems. The approach, termed Rayleigh Quotient-based Nonlinear Modal Analysis (RQNMA), formalizes each mode as a finite non-trivial perturbation about a static solution that is locally stationary in the work done. Apart from offering a theoretical basis for the concept of non-linear modes, this circumvents several limitations in previous methods (for example, Quasi-Static Modal Analysis (QSMA)), such as inconsistencies in handling static forces, assumptions on mode-shape change, etc. As with other NMA procedures, RQNMA is formulated for the characterization of the amplitude-dependent natural frequency (stiffness) and damping ratio (dissipation) near/at the resonances. The estimated stiffness and dissipation characteristics are compared with modal backbones generated from frequency-domain approaches, which typically are computationally more expensive than the presented approach. Comparisons are conducted using different benchmark models, placing special emphasis on structures with pre-stressed frictional contacts, in order to bring out the strengths and shortcomings of the presented approach to contextualize its applicability.
67. DOES PROVIDING CONSISTENT FEEDBACK IMPROVE THE PERCEIVED QUALITY OF MORNING REPORT

Background Pediatric residents nationwide present at educational conferences such as morning report. These conferences are an important piece of the didactic structure at many programs and are perceived as valuable for resident education. Additionally, presentations serve as an opportunity for residents to improve their teaching skills. Unfortunately, 75% of residents in our program reported they did not receive feedback regarding their presentations, making it difficult to improve their educational skills. We recognized a need for formalized feedback to help residents improve their teaching skills throughout residency and ultimately, improve the quality of our morning report presentations. Objective To implement a system of delivering formalized feedback to residents following their morning report conferences in order to improve the quality of teaching sessions throughout the academic year. Methods Residents are paired with a chief resident and offered the opportunity to meet to plan. Immediately following their morning report conference, the assigned chief resident provides verbal feedback. A member of a team of core faculty members provides written feedback using a structured template. A survey was sent to residents prior to our intervention and again 6 months later to assess the success of the intervention. Results Following the implementation of a formalized feedback process, the percentage of residents who reported receiving feedback rose from 25% to 83%. Of the residents who presented during the 6-month period, 51% (n = 51) presented again after receiving feedback. The percentage of residents reporting the perceived educational benefit of morning report conference was “very valuable, quite valuable or extremely valuable” rose from 65% to 78%. Overall, 67% of residents reported improvement in the quality of morning report as compared to prior years. Conclusions An increase in morning report feedback to residents was associated with an increased perception of the value of the educational conference. Ongoing efforts should be made to encourage consistent feedback after each presentation.
Radioactive Assay of in vitro Glutamylation Activity of the Legionella pneumophila Effector Protein SidJ

The Legionella effector protein SidJ has recently been identified to perform polyglutamylation on another Legionella effector, SdeA, ablating SdeA's activity. SidJ is a kinase-like protein that requires the small eukaryotic protein calmodulin to perform glutamylation. Glutamylation is a relatively uncommon type of post-translational modification, where the amino group of a free glutamate amino acid is covalently linked to the γ-carboxyl group of a glutamate sidechain in a substrate protein. This protocol describes the SidJ glutamylation reaction using radioactive [U-14C] glutamate and its substrate SdeA, the separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis, preparation of gels for radioactive exposure, and relative quantification of glutamylation activity. This procedure is useful for the identification of substrates for glutamylation, characterization of substrate and glutamylase activities due to mutations, and identification of proteins with glutamylation activity. Some studies have assayed glutamylation with the use of [3H] glutamate (Regnard et al., 1998) and the use of the GT335 antibody (Wolff et al., 1992). However, the use of [U-14C] glutamate requires a shorter radioactive exposure time with no dependence on antibody specificity.
Uniform-price auctions in staffing for self-scheduling service

This research examines a uniform-price auction mechanism in managing staffing for self-scheduling business such as task sourcing and work-from-home call centers. We consider two types of service pr...
A Comparison of Invasive and Noninvasive Measurements of COHb in the Emergency Department

Background: A quick and cost-efficient way to monitor carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood is vital to providing the best patient care to patients who may have carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The purpose of this experiment was to compare noninvasive pulse COHb measurements (NIpCO) to blood analyzed through a co-oximeter (Co-ox). Methods: After receiving IRB approval, a random selection of ED patients who had arterial blood gases ordered by the physician were included. A finger probe from a NIpCO was placed on the patient’s finger at the time of the arterial puncture for an ABG. The value from the NIpCO was recorded and compared to the COHb value from the Co-ox. A Pearson’s r correlation was used to analyze the data to determine if there was a correlation between the two measurements. Results: Fourteen patients were included in the sample to gather data for this project. A Pearson’s r correlation was performed on the results giving an r value of 0.48. This value gives a positive but weak correlation between the Co-ox and the NIpCO values. Looking at differences between the Co-ox and the NIpCO, several comparisons were > 4% (6 vs 0; 5 vs 1; 4.6 vs 0; 7.3 vs 2) Conclusions: Noninvasive monitoring devices present a promising future in healthcare. The NIpCO offers a quick screening for patients with possible CO poisoning. There was a positive but weak correlation between the Co-Ox and the NIpCO measurements and at times the difference was fairly large (> 4%).
Japan and the Contested Center of Eighteenth-Century East Asia

Eighteenth-century Japan is known for the rise of the publishing industry and the spread of sociability through popular media. Reading against this broader historical context, this paper analyzes texts from different literary genres—namely, a guidebook series called The Illustrated Scenic Beauty of Japan (Fusō meishōzu, 1713–28) and The Battles of Coxinga (Kokusen’ya kassen, 1715), followed by its sequel, The Battles of Coxinga in Later Days (Kokusen’ya gonichi kassen). The paper explores what representative qualities and characteristics were considered Japanese in these texts, especially in contrast to the dominant other at that time, China. For example, drawing from a real historical figure, Zheng Chenggong (1624–1662), otherwise known as Coxinga, the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1725) produced a tale about the revival of Ming dynastic rule in collaboration with Tokugawa Japan. Given that certain virtues and values held a particular importance in these texts, they can be read analogously with a rise in ambivalence toward the moral and political authority of the shogunate. The changing visions of ideal leadership suggest that the reading public was partaking in the debate about political legitimacy, albeit in the space of popular culture, adding a renewed significance of popular participation to the production of communal identity during the era known as the “Great Peace under heaven” (tenka taihei).