cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Strangeness: From Structures in Space to Discourses in Civil Society

Simmel develops his concept of the stranger in an overly structural and reductionist manner. Contrary to Simmel’s suggestion, there is an indeterminate relation between structural exclusion and the attribution of strangeness. After showing that ‘the stranger’ must be rethought in a cultural-sociological way, this essay demonstrates an alternative approach. Articulating a ‘discourse’ that structures Western projections of strangeness, I explore its relation to colonialism, racial and class domination, and national conflict in modern Western history. This approach suggests an alternative, not only to Simmel but to Merton’s and Coser’s earlier structural-functional reconceptualization of stranger theory.
Effect of Overheard Conversations on Bystander Productivity

Overheard cell phone conversations are often perceived as particularly annoying or disruptive. The effect on bystander productivity from overheard cell phone conversations for younger and older adults was investigated for two cognitive tasks, mental arithmetic and proofreading. Performance (accuracy and speeded response) was compared in the presence of overheard cell phone conversations, overheard face-to-face conversation, and in quiet. Subjective ratings of mental workload were also obtained in each condition. In general, overheard cell phone and face-to-face conversations had very similar detrimental effects on performance and were associated with greater ratings of frustration in the arithmetic task. When balanced for number of conversational turns and overall number of words, overheard cell phone conversations do not have a greater effect on bystander productivity than overheard face-to-face conversations.
Language support for parallel discrete-event simulations

A number of algorithms have been developed to support parallel execution of discrete-event simulation models. In general, these algorithms are complex and implementing them directly in a simulation model is a difficult and resource-intensive programming task. Parallel simulation languages and environments can be of considerable help in hiding the complexity of the underlying synchronization algorithm and in providing a simpler virtual machine to the model designer. This paper is a survey of currently available software tools that facilitate the design of parallel discrete-event simulations.
Algorithms for parity games

It is the aim of this chapter to review some of the algorithmic approaches to the problem of computing winning strategies (resp. of deciding if a player has a winning strategy from a given vertex) in parity games with finite arenas and other two-player games. Parity games are equivalent via linear time reductions to the problem of modal μ-calculus model checking (see Chapters 10 and 9), and this model checking problem plays a major role in computer-aided verification. Furthermore we will see that the problem is not too hard in a complexity-theoretic sense, while no efficient algorithm for it is known so far. Also parity games are the simplest of a whole chain of two-player games for which no efficient solutions are known, further underlining the importance of looking for an efficient algorithm solving this particular problem.
Cigarette Smoking and Parkinson's Disease

This is a review on cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The relationship between cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease is very controversial. Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for various diseases such as lung cancer, COPD and heart disease. However, beneficial effects have been debated over the years. It was in the late 1950’s that studies reported a negative association between smoking and Parkinson’s disease. More recently, several epidemiological studies have found a significant negative association between cigarette smoking and PD. That is, patients who smoke are 50% less likely to have PD when compared to their non-smoker counterparts. This suggests that cigarette smoking may have a “neuroprotective” effect on PD.
Extracorporeal life support during pregnancy.

Abstract Objectives To review the literature on extracorporeal life support (ECLS) during pregnancy to determine its efficacy and safety for the mother and fetus. Methods A comprehensive literature search was obtained from MEDLINE via PubMed.gov and from ScienceDirect.com using the following search queries: ECLS and pregnancy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and pregnancy, ECMO and H1N1 influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pregnancy, pregnancy and H1N1 influenza, and Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. Results Our literature search produced 332 articles for review. A total of 45 patients treated with ECLS or ECMO during pregnancy were reported in 26 publications. Postpartum patients were not included. Indications for ECLS were severe H1N1 influenza with ARDS (n = 33), other ARDS (n = 8), cardiogenic shock (n = 3), and cardiac arrest (n = 1). The mean gestational age was 26.5 weeks (range, 12-38 weeks), and the median duration of ECLS was 12.2 days (range, 1-57 days). The survival rate was 77.8% (35 of 45) for mothers and 65.1% (28 of 43) for fetuses. In addition, we report a 25-year-old pregnant patient with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome unresponsive to pressors and inotropes. The patient was placed on venoarterial ECMO for 72 hours, recovered without complications, and delivered a healthy infant. The mother and son remain asymptomatic 6 years later. Conclusions ECLS during pregnancy is effective and relatively safe for the mother and fetus. The first successful use of ECLS in a pregnant patient with life-threatening hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is being reported together with this review.
Economic Sufficiency and Santi Asoke

To ensure a just and sustainable future for all, the dominant forms of economic thought and practice must be reunited with ethics that are more caring of the human-nature base. Lessons may be learned from alternative economic models based on religious, spiritual, environmental or feminist values regarding the content, the process and the potential results of such a shift. The King of Thailand’s conception “Sufficiency Economy” operates on the principles of moderation, reasonableness, self-immunity, wisdom and integrity. The model has succeeded in fostering well-being at the individual, firm, community and regional levels across rural and urban sectors and shows promise for national policy due to its ability to coexist with capitalist economic strategies. The Asoke Movement is not as likely to propagate widely: its intentional communities aim to release material attachment and attain spiritual freedom, and in doing so, they exhibit ascetic tendencies and a biting critique of capitalism. However, Asoke Movement does offer more explicit social and environmental ethics. Both Buddhist models suggest that development must start with the individual, particularly in terms of mental development.
Bone marrow reactions to trauma. Stimulation of erythropoietic marrow by mechanical disruption, fracture or endosteal curettage.

The present series of studies were designed to examine the effect of artificially altered bone blood flow on activity of the contained marrow. In normal animals bone blood flow was increased locally by fracture, endosteal curettage, and following mechanical disruption of the marow. Local stimulation of erythropoietic marrow was demonstrated following each procedure. Local injury to bone circulation followed high doses of radiation and resulted in permanent marrow aplasia. Attempts to apply the implications of these studies to therapy of two patients with marrow failure produced inconclusive results. One patient with severe anemia due to idiopathic myelofibrosis improved abruptly and significantly following endosteal curettage of one femur. Unexpectedly there was no demonstrable increase in blood flow in the operated bone and improvement in marrow occurred in skeletal areas other than the operative site. In a second patient with severe anemia and Fanconi’s syndrome, endosteal curettage of one femur resulted in a marked local increase in bone blood flow with no evidence of stimulation of marrow locally or at other sites and no improvement in clinical condition until institution of androgen therapy. Further clinical trials of endosteal curettage as a therapeutic measure would appear to be justified.
Abstract TP306: Impact of Medical Complications on Outcome Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in significant mortality and morbidity, half of which occurs in the first 6 hours. Patients surviving beyond the initial trauma are prone to med...
Extra-Lineage Cult in the Shang Dynasty A Surrejoinder

I would like to thank Professors Fan, Li, and Wang for what has been for me a most stimulating exchange of ideas on a problem of seminal importance in the history of early China. From these three scholars, we have seen three interpretations, radically different both from each other and also from the interpretation I presented above, of a small set of oracle-bone inscriptions. I believe that these four interpretations represent virtually every possible alternative and, by having them presented together in a forum such as this, the scholarly world should now be better able to evaluate their relative merits. I believe it is clear from each of the above discussions that the differences in interpretation here owe more to anthropology than to paleography (although a correct paleographic interpretation of these inscriptions, and especially of H11:84, is an essential starting point). Would it have been possible for the leader of one kinship group to offer cult to the ancestors of a separate kinship group? I am grateful to Professor Fan Yuzhou for his citation of Sumerian evidence showing that such indeed has been possible in other historical situations. Nevertheless, as Professor Wang Yuxin has properly pointed out in critique of my own reference to Xiongnu sacrifices in honor of Han emperors, this type of evidence, being either temporally or culturally distinct from the society that produced these inscriptions, cannot be used to describe Shang or Zhou practice.
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part III. Predicting Elastic Moduli of Melt Mixed Rubber-Plastic Blends

Abstract Blends prepared by mixing rubbers with plastics in the molten state have been known and used for a number of years. The stiffness of such blends vary widely with both the proportions of rubber to plastic and with material selection, even at equivalent rubber to plastic proportions. This report describes correlations between blend stiffness and the properties of the individual blend components. Dynamic shear modulus G′, determined by torsion pendulum measurements, was used to characterize the stiffnesses of the blends. Values of G′ were related to the moduli of the hard and soft (plastic and rubber) phases, G′H and G′S, and the volume fraction of plastic ϕH through a single adjustable parameter by means of a recently proposed relationship. The adjustable parameter was then correlated with other properties of the blend components. In contrast with the work reported in the first two papers of this series, this report is on compositions in which the rubber is not crosslinked.
Is Visual Processing in Primates Strictly Hierarchical

Over the past four decades, the dominant view of visual processing in primates is that the complexity of feature analysis increases as information flows from primary visual cortex rostrally through regions of the temporal lobe, into area TE, where whole complex objects are represented. This view is consistent with observations that TE neurons are selective for complex objects such as hands and faces. We test a major prediction: bilateral removal of area TE will damage high-level visual object categorization, such as distinguishing cats from dogs. After removal of TE, this type of categorical classification is only mildly impaired in old-world monkeys. However, when the images are degraded by a small amount of visual noise, the monkeys are virtually unable to correctly classify morphs of cats versus dogs. This raises the possibility that area TE makes it possible to identify partially obscured objects, that is, it is critical for pattern completion.
Recurrent Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Irrigation and Debridement With Component Retention Is Most Often Due to Identical Organisms.

Abstract Background Irrigation and debridement with prosthetic retention (ID P = .09) for the hip. Patients initially infected with Staphylococcus aureus (specifically methicillin-resistant [13/13]) had a higher risk of persistent PJI (96%; 24/25) compared to other organisms (66.7%; 12/18; P = .01). Conclusion I&D had a success rate of approximately 50% and typically failed due to organism persistence rather than a new infection. Given that persistent infection was most common in knees and S aureus , I&D should have a limited role in treating PJI, especially in these cases.
Expression of urokinase receptors by human trophoblast. A histochemical and ultrastructural analysis.

BACKGROUND Through their ability to invade endometrium, remodel the uterine spiral arteries, and sustain placental blood fluidity, trophoblast cells play a central role in establishing and maintaining the integrity of the uteroplacental vasculature. The expression of urokinase receptors by trophoblast may facilitate these processes by focusing plasminogen activator activity to discrete sites on the cell surface and promoting the activation of cell-bound plasminogen. However, although urokinase receptors are expressed by cultured trophoblast, the expression of these receptors by trophoblast in vivo has not been examined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy were used to characterize the expression of urokinase receptors by villous and extravillous trophoblast at several points in gestation. RESULTS Urokinase receptors were expressed in a polarized fashion at the leading edge of migrating extravillous trophoblast cells. Receptors were also abundantly expressed during the first and second trimesters of gestation by villous trophoblast, where they were located on apical villous projections and within intracellular vacuoles, a subset of which were lysosomes. CONCLUSIONS The polarized expression of urokinase receptors by invasive extravillous trophoblast cells is consistent with a role for these receptors in mediating the extent and directionality of trophoblast migration. In contrast, the expression of urokinase receptors by villous trophoblast, which are not actively invasive in vivo, may serve to facilitate the generation of plasmin at the interface of these cells with maternal plasma, thereby limiting the deposition of fibrin within the placental intervillous spaces. Diminished urokinase receptor expression by villous trophoblast at term may represent a physiologic adaptation to diminish local fibrinolysis and limit hemorrhage at parturition.
Epidural Steroid Injection Complicated by Intrathecal Entry, Pneumocephalus, and Chemical Meningitis

Abstract Background Epidural steroid injections are frequently used to treat back and extremity pain. The procedure is generally safe, with a low rate of adverse events, including intrathecal entry, pneumocephalus, and chemical meningitis. Case Report We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department (ED) with headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia after a lumbar epidural steroid injection. She was afebrile and had an elevated white blood cell count. A non-contrast computed tomography scan of the head revealed pneumocephalus within the subarachnoid space and lateral ventricles. The patient was admitted to the ED observation unit for pain control and subsequently developed a marked leukocytosis and worsening meningismus. A lumbar puncture was performed yielding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) consistent with meningitis (1,000 total nucleated cells, 89% neutrophils, 85 mg/dL total protein, and no red blood cells). Gram stain revealed no bacteria. The patient was admitted on empiric vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Antibiotics were discontinued at 48 h when CSF cultures remained negative and the patient was clinically asymptomatic. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians should consider intrathecal entry and pneumocephalus in patients who present with a headache after an epidural intervention. The management of pneumocephalus includes supportive therapies, appropriate positioning, and supplemental oxygen. These symptoms can be accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, and markedly inflammatory CSF findings consistent with bacterial or chemical meningitis. Empiric treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics should be initiated until CSF culture results are available.
RES PUBLICA RESTITUTA

IDENTIFYING HIMSELF AS “FIRST CITIZEN” ( PRINCEPS ), AUGUSTUS HAD THE common touch, conveying at least the semblance of modesty and accessibility. His house on the Palatine was not lavish by aristocratic standards, though this point is often exaggerated: it probably matched any other in that exclusive neighborhood, enjoying a lordly overlook on the Circus Maximus and Aventine and abutting the venerable sanctuary of Cybele, a goddess favored by the patrician elite. In 28 B.C.E. he dedicated a new temple on the other side of his house, this one to Apollo; to it was attached a library that would gain enduring fame. His residence could hardly have been less secluded, wedged between two public religious sites overlooking the largest venue of spectacle in Rome. But visibility and nominal accessibility suited his style. Throughout his career he seems to have augmented his landholdings on the Palatine, perhaps including most of its northern quadrant, which his successors Tiberius and Caligula would develop into a vast new palace block. His holdings crept southward down the slope, connecting the residence to a new imperial box in the circus, which he also expanded and beautified. Once he was firmly in power, Augustus styled himself the savior and restorer of the old republic. His soft, conciliatory style of autocracy led him to ardently cultivate the fiction of res publica restituta , “republic restored”: thus the unruly old Forum did not escape his silken backhand. The restoration was purely curatorial. The viscera were removed, but the exterior was rehabilitated in amplified glory. Damaged by repeated fires but refreshed by the emperor and his aristocratic allies, the Forum looked better by the end of his rule than ever before (see Figs. 22, 24). Caesar's project on the northwest end was complete. Gleaming new basilicas lined both long sides; the Basilica Aemilia's breathtaking polychrome marble nave now displayed a sculptural frieze depicting Roman foundation myths. Resplendent temples at each end, those of Concordia and the deified Julius Caesar (Divus Julius), were crammed with plundered artworks on display. The ancient Temples of Saturn and Castor and Pollux were rebuilt to the highest standards. But functionally, the Forum was losing its civic relevance – becoming more a museum, less an engine, of Roman self-determination and expansionism.
The effects of aging and sex on detection of ultrasonic vocalizations by adult CBA/CaJ mice (Mus musculus).

Mice are frequently used as animal models for human hearing research, yet their auditory capabilities have not been fully explored. Previous studies have established auditory threshold sensitivities for pure tone stimuli in CBA/CaJ mice using ABR and behavioral methodologies. Little is known about how they perceive their own ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), and nothing is known about how aging influences this perception. The aim of the present study was to establish auditory threshold sensitivity for several USV types, as well as to track these thresholds across the mouse's lifespan. In order to determine how well mice detect these complex communication stimuli, several CBA/CaJ mice were trained and tested at various ages on a detection task using operant conditioning procedures. Results showed that mice were able to detect USVs into old age. Not surprisingly, thresholds differed for the different USV types. Male mice suffered greater hearing loss than females for all calls but not for 42 kHz tones. In conclusion, the results highlight the importance of studying complex signals across the lifespan.
Caldesmon exhibits a clustered distribution along individual chicken gizzard native thin filaments.

Our earlier immuno-gold electron microscopic study indicated that the distribution of caldesmon (CaD) on actin filaments is not uniform and is restricted to the vicinity of the myosin filaments (Mabuchi K, Li Y, Tao T, Wang C-LA (1996) J Muscle Res Cell Motil 17: 243). This suggested that CaD could effectively inhibit muscle contraction, if those actin filaments in the vicinity of myosin filaments were saturated with CaD. In the present study we further examined the distribution of CaD along isolated, crude and purified native thin filaments (NTF). Individual CaD molecules on purified NTF were visualized with the aid of a chemical crosslinker, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), which efficiently crosslinks CaD to actin (Graceffa P, Adam LP, Lehman W (1993) Biochem J 294: 63), and of a monoclonal anti-CaD antibody. The results indicated that individual NTF had alternating CaD-rich and CaD-deficient regions. Moreover, we found that the N-termini of all CaD molecules in a given cluster appeared on the same side of an actin filament. Electron microscopic images of crude NTF immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody clearly indicated that the spacing between the CaD clusters is wide enough for myosin heads to interact with actin subunits. Similar clustering of CaD was also observed in plastic embedded tissue sections. These observations raise the possibility that CaD is not acting as a simple on/off switch, but more likely as a modulator, of smooth muscle contraction.
Exploring what motivates gambling among California residents: Indian reservations casinos

Among the many different hospitality-related industries, casino gaming is one of the most lucrative. California Indian casinos have expanded considerably, competing with other casinos in the US. Nevertheless, the literature shows little research on why California residents gamble at these casinos. Thus, this study focused on the motives of California residents who gamble only at California Indian casinos. A total of 152 online surveys were used for data analysis. First, descriptive statistics provided demographic profiles of survey participants. Second, exploratory factor analysis was performed to find the underlying dimensions of what motivates California gamblers at casinos. Then, one-way ANOVA tests were used to find relationships between that motivation to gamble at casinos and six different demographic variables. Because California Indian casino market continues to grow, and mostly comprises California residents, we must understand what drives them to gamble at California Indian casinos. If they fail to understand gamblers’ casino motivations, it might negatively affect market growth, revenue and customer relationships at Indian reservation casinos. With this in mind, the results of this study will help California Indian casinos assess their services and effectively attract more California residents, meeting their desires as well as their perhaps unacknowledged needs.
Exploring the Interaction between Users and Tagging Systems on the Web

With tagging becoming an increasingly important social phenomenon, some researchers view the tags supplied by users as a useful tool for helping individuals find relevant information on the web. Other researchers, however, still question the utility of tags in information retrieval systems, contending that tags are only relevant for the individual user supplying the tags. In this paper, we argue that tags are, in fact, the result of an interaction between the user, the tagging system, and the resource being tagged. Using Web Content Analysis, we analyze 33 websites that support tagging and identify the structural features (interfaces) that allow a user to tag a resource. Findings show that depending on the features supported by tagging systems, tags may either represent the information content of a resource as viewed by individual users only or they may be the result of a collaborative effort from a group of users.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Identification of Iris Vasculature and Staging of Iris Neovascularization: A Pilot Study.

Purpose/Aim of the study: To assess the ability of optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) to visualize the normal iris vasculature as well as neovascularization of the iris (NVI).Material...
Morpho-Anatomy of Marijuana ( Cannabis sativa L.)

Cannabis sativa is a complex species with highly variable morphological features. The present chapter provides detailed descriptions of morphological and anatomical characters of various parts of C. sativa plant and illustrated with bright-field and scanning electron micrographs. Male and female flowers occur in separate plants. Three types of glandular trichomes namely, glandular stalked, glandular sessile and bulbous glandular trichomes are found. Of these, glandular stalked trichomes are restricted to the floral bracts in pistillate plants and anthers in staminate plants. The other two types of glandular trichomes are found in various parts including bracts, leaves, stems and petioles. Two types of non-glandular trichomes namely, cystolith trichomes and slender covering trichomes, are present. Cystolith trichomes are primarily found on the adaxial leaf surface while the covering trichomes are commonly present on the abaxial leaf surface, stems, petioles and tepals. Cystolith crystals of calcium carbonate and cluster crystals of calcium oxalate are observed in the leaves. Anatomical features of various parts of the plant are described and illustrated.
Urine leakage during sexual activity among ethnically diverse, community-dwelling middle-aged and older women.

Background Urinary incontinence is associated with decreased female sexual function, but little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and impact of urine leakage during sexual activity among women in the community. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and impact of urine leakage during sex in ethnically diverse, community-dwelling midlife and older women. Study Design Urinary incontinence and sexual function were assessed by structured questionnaire in a multiethnic, community-based cohort of women enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in California. All women were aged 40–80 years and sampled from 1 of 4 racial/ethnic groups (20% black, 20% Latina, 20% Asian, and 40% non-Latina white). Differences in frequency, bother, and fear of urine leakage during sexual activity were examined among women with monthly, weekly, and daily urinary incontinence and across different types of urinary incontinence (stress, urgency, mixed, and other type urinary incontinence), with the use of chi-square tests. Independent risk factors for urine leakage during sexual activity were identified through multivariable logistic regression. Results Of the 509 women who reported being sexually active and having at least monthly urinary incontinence, 127 of them (25%) reported experiencing any urine leakage during sex during the past 3 months. Nineteen percent of the women reported being subjectively bothered by leakage during sex, and 16% of them reported restricting sexual activity because of fear of leakage. Women with more frequent underlying urinary incontinence were more likely to report experiencing or being bothered by leakage during sex and restricting sexual activity because of fear of leakage ( P P Conclusions Up to a quarter of women with at least monthly urinary incontinence in the community may experience urine leakage during sexual activity. Many incontinent women who leak urine during sex remain sexually active, which indicates that the preservation of sexual function should still be a priority in this population. Among incontinent women, depression, pelvic organ prolapse, and stress mixed-type urinary incontinence may be associated with urine leakage during sexual activity.
La madre naturaleza: Un estudio de intertextualidad

In 1887 Emilia Pardo Bazan published La madre naturaleza as the second part of his major work, Los Pazos de Ulloa, written and published just a year earlier. Since that time, more than a century later, both novels continue to attract the interest of critics and scholars in terms of formal, thematic or creation aspects. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pardobacian work in terms of intertextuality. Once defined these textual relations, we intend to achieve broader and deeper understanding of the creative process as well as the intent of the author in writing La madre naturaleza. Throughout this study we will show how much the writer is based on trends of thought, tradition, and concrete literary models.
A spatially explicit crop planting initiation and progression model for the conterminous United States

Abstract The ability to accurately estimate crop planting date and planting progression has major implications in crop management, crop model applications, and in developing adaptation strategies for future climate change. The objectives of this study are: 1) identify major factors that determine planting initiation and progression of six major crops in the U.S. and 2) develop a spatially explicit planting initiation and progression model. The crops that were evaluated are maize ( Zea mays ), cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ), rice ( Oryza sativa ), sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), soybean ( Glycine max ), and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). County-level daily planting data from 2005 to 2015 for representative states were obtained from USDA Risk Management Agency. For the five summer crops, the earliest planting gradually shifts to later dates with increasing latitude and elevation. The trend is reversed for winter wheat, with planting initiation shifting to earlier dates from south to north and from low to high elevation. A minimum planting temperature threshold was established for the five summer crops, which decreases from south to north and from low to high elevation. A maximum planting temperature threshold was established for winter wheat, which decreases from south to north but increases from low to high elevation. A spatially explicit temperature model as a function of latitude, longitude and elevation was established to predict planting initiation, while a soil texture-based soil wetness index predicts planting delays due to excessive precipitation. The model was calibrated with 2005–2009 data and validated with 2010–2015 data; it provided sound goodness of fit for planting initiation and weekly planting progression. The spatially explicit model for planting initiation and progression could be used to guide crop production planning and to improve the planting date and progression algorithms in crop models for regional simulation analysis.
Small cell lymphocytic variant of marginal zone lymphoma: A distinct form of marginal zone lymphoma derived from naïve B cells as a cutaneous counterpart to the naïve marginal zone lymphoma of splenic origin.

Abstract Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma most commonly represents an indolent form of cutaneous B cell lymphoma. However, epidermotropic marginal zone lymphoma, blastic marginal zone lymphoma and B cell dominant variants without isotype switching can be associated with extracutaneous dissemination. The presumptive cell of origin is a post germinal center B cell with plasmacytic features. In the extracutaneous setting, however, a naive B cell origin has been proposed for a subset of marginal zone lymphomas, notably splenic marginal zone lymphoma. The author encountered 11 cases of atypical lymphocytic infiltration of the skin primarily occurring in older individuals with an upper arm and head and neck localization; there was a reproducible pattern of diffuse and nodular infiltration by small monomorphic-appearing B cells. Phenotypically, the infiltrate was one predominated by B cells exhibiting CD23 and IgD positivity without immunoreactivity for CD38 and there were either no plasma cells or only a few without light chain restriction. In cases presenting with a solitary lesion complete excision and/or radiation led to successful disease remission in all cases without recurrence or metastatic disease. Of three cases with multiple initial lesions, evidence of extracutaneous disease was seen in two cases and recurrence occurred in one case. No patients have died of lymphoma. Longer term follows up and additional cases are needed to determine if this subset of marginal zone lymphoma is associated with a worse prognosis.
Translation and introduction: Alexandre Koyré’s “Hegel at Jena”

This is a translation of Alexandre Koyre’s important, but overlooked essay “Hegel a Iena.” The essay originally appeared in Alexandre Koyre, Etudes d’histoire de la pensee philosophique (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1961). A contribution to the philosophy of time, this essay had a profound but generally unrecognized influence on Alexander Kojeve, Jean Hyppolite and Jacques Derrida.
The Cultural Engine: Putting Individuals to Work

In this chapter, the author presents the Cultural Engine, showing how to put individuals to work.
The Uniform Limited Liability Company Act: Summary & Analysis

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (Conference) adopted the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (ULLCA) in 1994. To coordinate with subsequent developments in federal tax guidelines regarding manager-managed limited liability companies (LLCs), the Conference adopted minor changes to ULLCA's dissolution provisions in 1995. More recently, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a proposal to release all unincorporated business organizations from the burden of complying with its federal tax classification regulations distinguishing partnerships from corporations. Because state LLC laws were drafted to comply with the soon to be anachronistic classification regulations, every state will eventually consider whether to amend its laws to accommodate this new flexibility. Given the obvious advantages of uniform state laws governing interstate business activities of LLCs, the ULLCA will receive important consideration during this review process. This Article is intended only as a summary of the ULLCA's primary provisions.
AN ORDERING AMONG GENERALIZED CLOSENESS CRITERIA

Abstract Within the class of generalized closeness criteria given by Fountain (2000), a sufficient condition is given for the ordering of a subclass of its members. Examples are presented which demonstrate that this ordering fails in more general case, and that Pitman’s Measure of Closeness is not part of the ordering, even in the presence of the condition.
Social Disadvantage, Healthcare Utilization, and Colorectal Cancer Screening: Leveraging Longitudinal Patient Address and Health Records Data

Background: Social disadvantage predicts colorectal cancer outcomes across the cancer care continuum for many populations and places. For medically underserved populations, social disadvantage is likely intersectional—affecting individuals at multiple levels and through membership in multiple disadvantaged groups. However, most measures of social disadvantage are cross-sectional and limited to race, ethnicity, and income. Linkages between electronic health records (EHR) and external datasets offer rich, multilevel measures that may be more informative. Methods: We identified urban safety-net patients eligible and due for colorectal cancer screening from the Parkland-UT Southwestern PROSPR cohort. We assessed one-time screening receipt (via colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical test) in the 18 months following cohort entry via the EHR. We linked EHR data to housing and Census data to generate measures of social disadvantage at the parcel- and block-group level. We evaluated the association of these measures with screening using multilevel logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographics, comorbidity, and healthcare utilization. Results: Among 32,965 patients, 45.1% received screening. In adjusted models, residential mobility, residence type, and neighborhood majority race were associated with colorectal cancer screening. Nearly all measures of patient-level social disadvantage and healthcare utilization were significant. Conclusions: Address-based linkage of EHRs to external datasets may have the potential to expand meaningful measurement of multilevel social disadvantage. Researchers should strive to use granular, specific data in investigations of social disadvantage. Impact: Generating multilevel measures of social disadvantage through address-based linkages efficiently uses existing EHR data for applied, population-level research.
A Borgesian Morphology: Renunciation, Morphology, and World Literature

Drawing primarily on Borges’s essays on Buddhism written in the critical decade of the Fifties, this chapter sets up the Borgesian paradigm for Renunciation stories. Borges emphasizes their transcultural and transhistorical circulation—an idea that interfaces with his anti-nationalist aesthetics in “The Argentine Writer and Tradition”—and suggests a theory of literature as “morphology” (a notion borrowed from Goethe): a potentially infinite number of poems and stories generated by transformation of a finite number of “archetypes”. Alongside this morphological conception of literature, the theme of apolitical withdrawal and the figure of Buddha as Renouncer also assume a heightened significance in the context of Argentina’s postwar political history.
Preparing pharmacy students for postgraduate training through a residency preparedness elective course.

Objective To determine the benefit of a residency preparedness elective course and assess the ability of the course to provide students with the knowledge and experiences needed to competitively apply for residency programmes. Methods A pre-/postsurvey study on a 2-credit hour elective course for third-year pharmacy students. This course was designed to provide them with the knowledge and experiences needed to competitively apply for pharmacy residency programmes. Key findings Students' perceptions of the elective course were captured through pre- and postcourse evaluations utilizing a 15-item survey. The main reasons students participated in this course was to gain a better understanding of the residency application process (median Likert score = 5; 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree), develop interviewing techniques (5) and enhance clinical competency (5). By the end of the course, students felt more confident with their understanding of pharmacy residency programmes (4 versus 5, P = 0.002) and of the residency application process (2 versus 5, P = 0.001). Conclusion Upon completion of a pharmacy residency preparedness elective course, students felt more confident in their understanding and ability to apply for a residency programme.
Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistance detection directly from pediatric samples using PCR assays with differential cycle threshold values for corroboration of methicillin resistance.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen , causing a variety of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. While S. aureus usually grows well, there are situations where it cannot be isolated in culture, such as patients who have received prior antimicrobial therapy. There are commercially available tests for molecular identification of S. aureus and methicillin resistance ; however, they often have limited utility due to restrictive specimen requirements, lack of data in pediatric populations and issues with specificity for methicillin resistance detections. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of laboratory-developed PCR assays that detect S. aureus and methicillin resistance directly from various specimen types. We developed two real-time PCR assays: 1) a singleplex assay targeting the nucA gene and 2) a multiplex PCR assay (mecA/SCC-orf PCRs) that detects the mecA gene and the conjunction region where SCCmec elements insert into the genome. A total of 538 pediatric specimens, including specimens from the lower respiratory tract ( n = 149), abscess/wounds (n = 245), tissue and body fluids (n = 144), were tested and the results compared with culture and susceptibility testing. The nucA PCR is sensitive and specific for detection of S. aureus when compared with culture with an overall agreement of 93.1% and sensitivity and specificity of 93.5% and 93.0%, respectively. Among those culture-confirmed and nucA PCR positive specimens (n = 145), concordance between mecA/SCC-orf PCRs, using cycle threshold values for corroboration, and conventional methods was 98.6% and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.3% and 100%, respectively. The assays' performance suggests they are rapid, reliable tools to detect and differentiate between methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant S. aureus in our pediatric patient population providing diagnostic impact when used in conjunction with culture.
Capturing the Biologic Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Impact on Translational and Clinical Science.

While much progress has been made in the last two decades in the treatment and the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD)—as of today these conditions are still diagnosed only after they have become symptomatic. This is a major drawback since by then the inflammatory process has often already caused considerable damage and the disease might have become partially or totally unresponsive to medical therapy. Late diagnosis in IBD is due to the lack of accurate, non-invasive indicators that would allow disease identification during the pre-clinical stage—as it is often done in many other medical conditions. Here, we will discuss what is known about the biologic onset and pre-clinical CD with an emphasis on studies conducted in patients’ first degree relatives. We will then review the possible strategies to diagnose IBD very early in time including screening, available disease markers and imaging, and the possible clinical implications of treating these conditions at or close to their biologic onset. Later, we will review the potential impact of conducting translational research in IBD during the pre-clinical stage, especially focusing on the role of the microbiome in disease etiology and pathogenesis. Finally, we will highlight possible future developments in the field and how they can impact IBD management and our scientific knowledge of these conditions.
Coordination of protrusion dynamics within and between collectively migrating border cells by myosin II

Collective cell migration is emerging as a major driver of embryonic development, organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and tumor dissemination. In contrast to individually migrating cells, collectively migrating cells maintain cell-cell adhesions and coordinate direction-sensing as they move. While nonmuscle myosin II has been studied extensively in the context of cells migrating individually in vitro, its roles in cells migrating collectively in three-dimensional, native environments are not fully understood. Here we use genetics, Airyscan microscopy, live imaging, optogenetics, and Forster resonance energy transfer to probe the localization, dynamics, and functions of myosin II in migrating border cells of the Drosophila ovary. We find that myosin accumulates transiently at the base of protrusions, where it functions to retract them. E-cadherin and myosin colocalize at border cell-border cell contacts and cooperate to transmit directional information. A phosphomimetic form of myosin is sufficient to convert border cells to a round morphology and blebbing migration mode. Together these studies demonstrate that distinct and dynamic pools of myosin II regulate protrusion dynamics within and between collectively migrating cells and suggest a new model for the role of protrusions in collective direction sensing in vivo.
Trans-ocular brain impedance index for assessment of cerebral autoregulation in a porcine model of cerebral hemodynamic perturbation

Cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) is often impaired following traumatic brain injury. Established technologies and metrics used to assess CA are invasive and conducive for measurement, but not for continuous monitoring. We developed a trans-ocular brain impedance (TOBI) method that may provide non-invasive and continuous indices to assess CA. In this study, we monitored impedance metrics such as respiratory-induced impedance amplitude changes (dz) as well as a novel impedance index (DZx), which is a moving Pearson correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and dz. Yorkshire swine were instrumented to continuously record ICP, MAP, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). TOBI was recorded by placement of standard ECG electrodes on closed eyelids and connected to a data acquisition system. MAP, ICP and CBF were manipulated utilizing an intravenous vasopressor challenge. TOBI indices (dz and DZx) were compared to the hemodynamic indicators as well as pressure reactivity index (PRx). During the vasopressor challenge, dz was highly correlated with ICP, CPP, and CBF (r = < − 0.49, p < 0.0001). ICP, CPP, and CBF had a mean percent increase (standard deviation) from baseline of 29(23.2)%, 70(25)%, and 37(72.6)% respectively while dz decreased by 31(15.6)%. Receiver operator curve test showed high predictive performance of DZx when compared to PRx with area under the curve above 0.86, with high sensitivity and specificity. Impedance indices appear to track changes in PRx and hemodynamics that affect cerebral autoregulation. TOBI may be a suitable less invasive surrogate to PRx and capable of tracking cerebral autoregulation.
Improving Multidisciplinary Understanding Through Interdisciplinary Project-based Learning in a First-Year Orientation Course

This is an Innovate Practice Full Paper. Creating modern systems with tightly integrated sub-systems relies heavily on multidisciplinary cooperation. Establishing an early value for other areas of expertise is crucial to encouraging later collaborations. This paper discusses a new first-term orientation course in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Oregon State University that is primarily taken by students pursuing a degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering. This course emphasizes collaboration and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in engineering. The 10-week course contains engineering skills, tools, and concepts from three disciplines of engineering: Computer Science, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. Materials focus on how each discipline supports the other disciplines in modern engineering. Students attend one, one-hour lecture and two, two-hour labs per week. The lecture covers general engineering concepts including engineering process, design, and tools/skills. Student engineers work in teams of three, with each student focusing on a different engineering discipline. Teams design, implement, and improve on a competitive robotic project. Assessment using student surveys shows a 13% higher self-reported ability to recognize and avoid personal and engineering discipline bias from students enrolled in the new course when compared to students in the traditional course. This higher assessment value has a confidence interval of p=.005 using a two-tail T-test. Using student surveys and assignments, additional preliminary improvements were seen in student’s ability to identify the need of another engineer/engineering profession to complete a portion of a project and understanding of other majors.