cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jurisdiction, limits under international law

In this entry, which is part of the forthcoming European Encyclopedia of Private International Law (edited by Jurgen Basedow, Franco Ferrari, Pedro de Miguel Asensio, & Giesela Ruhl, Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2015), I explore jurisdiction to adjudicate (judicial jurisdiction) and the limits, if any, that international law imposes on the adjudicatory authority of nations and their courts. The limits, if any, that international law places on adjudicatory jurisdiction are open to debate. At the least, it seems clear that state practice and opinio juris do not limit many assertions of judicial jurisdiction. It also appears that general principles of law, outside of judicial jurisdiction being appropriate in a defendant’s place of domicile, are still not fully developed. It is also questionable whether the idea of reasonableness has reached the level state practice and opinion juris under international law to limit assertions of judicial jurisdiction. For these reasons, it is far too soon to conclude that international law places meaningful limits on judicial jurisdiction and assertions of exorbitant jurisdiction. Such a conclusion does not take sides on the normative question of whether international law should limit assertions of adjudicatory jurisdiction. Rather, it is a conclusion based on the practice of nations and their courts at present. The current American Law Institute project on the Restatement (Fourth) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States will, no doubt, have much to say on these matters. Yet, no matter what conclusion the new Restatement comes to, its approach will have to be proven by the general acceptance of states.
The metabolism of intra-amniotically injected dehydroepiandrosterone as a placental function test

In the past 10 years urinary estriol excretion in the pregnant human female has been utilized as an index of fetoplacental health with increasing frequency. However, most investigators have failed to demonstrate a major improvement in neonatal mortality rates when this assay has been used. The intra-amniotic instillation of 200 mg. of dehydroepiandrosterone has been shown to bring about a pronounced rise in urinary estriol excretion. This indicates that the various enzyme systems in fetus and placenta are not fully saturated at term and that there is considerable metabolic reserve.
Treatment of incontinence with pelvic prolapse

There is a surprising lack of prospective data on genital and pelvic prolapse and the relation of these conditions to incontinence. Several abnormalities may be important: uterine prolapse, rectoceles, enteroceles, total vaginal eversion, and cystoceles. The authors describe their experience in 65 cases of various etiologies.
Authority and Identity in Medieval Islamic Historiography: Persian Histories from the Peripheries

Intriguing dreams, improbable myths, fanciful genealogies, and suspect etymologies. These were all key elements of the historical texts composed by scholars and bureaucrats on the peripheries of Islamic empires between the tenth and fifteenth centuries. But how are historians to interpret such narratives? And what can these more literary histories tell us about the people who wrote them and the times in which they lived? In this book, Mimi Hanaoka offers an innovative, interdisciplinary method of approaching these sorts of local histories from the Persianate world. By paying attention to the purpose and intention behind a text's creation, her book highlights the preoccupation with authority to rule and legitimacy within disparate regional, provincial, ethnic, sectarian, ideological and professional communities. By reading these texts in such a way, Hanaoka transforms the literary patterns of these fantastic histories into rich sources of information about identity, rhetoric, authority, legitimacy, and centre-periphery relations.
MPMD Framework for Offloading Load Balance Computation

In many parallel scientific simulations, work is assigned to processors by decomposing a spatial domain consisting of mesh cells, particles, or other elements. When work per element changes, simulations can use dynamic load balance algorithms to distribute work to processors evenly. Typical SPMD simulations wait while a load balance algorithm runs on all processors, but this algorithm can itself become a bottleneck. We propose a novel approach based on two key observations: (1) application state typically changes slowly in SPMD physics simulations, so work assignments computed in the past still produce good load balance in the future, (2) we can decouple the load balance algorithm so that it runs concurrently with the application and more efficiently on a smaller number of processors. We then apply the work assignment "late", once it has been computed. We call this approach lazy load balancing. In this paper, we show that the rate of change in work distribution is slow for a Barnes-Hut benchmark and for ParaDiS, a dislocation dynamics simulation. We implement an MPMD framework to exploit this property to save resources by running a load balancing algorithm at higher parallel efficiency on a smaller number of processors. Using our framework, we explore the trade-offs of lazy load balancing and demonstrate performance improvements of up to 46%.
Nonlinear ML Methods

In studying the GLSEM we took the structural model as the primitive concept, and dealt with it as such. However, from a formal point of view, we can also look upon it as a particular case of a system of regressions, sometimes termed seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR), which is nonlinear in some basic set of underlying parameters. A little reflection will also convince the reader that (GLSEM) models which are nonlinear in the parameters only are, also, a special case of such systems.
Infrared spectroscopy and theory of the formaldehyde cation and its hydroxymethylene isomer

Pulsed discharges in supersonic expansions containing the vapor of different precursors (formaldehyde, methanol) produce the m/z = 30 cations with formula [H2,C,O]+. The corresponding [H2,C,O]+ Ar complexes are produced under similar conditions with argon added to the expansion gas. These ions are mass selected in a time-of-flight spectrometer and studied with infrared laser photodissociation spectroscopy. Spectra in the 2300-3000 cm-1 region produce very different vibrational patterns for the ions made from different precursors. Computational studies with harmonic methods and various forms of anharmonic theory allow detailed assignment of these spectra to two isomeric species. Discharges containing formaldehyde produce primarily the corresponding formaldehyde radical cation, CH2O+, whereas those with methanol produce exclusively the cis- and trans-hydroxymethylene cations, HCOH+. The implications for the interstellar chemistry of these cations are discussed.
The influence of e-services on customer online purchasing behavior toward remanufactured products

Abstract Remarketing and reselling remanufactured electronic products is one of the effective and sustainable approaches to deal with the rapidly increasing e-waste. Studying customer purchasing intention and behavior toward remanufactured products can help businesses better understand customers’ needs and improve closed-loop supply chain performance. Via an empirical study based on new, manufacturer remanufactured, seller remanufactured, and used products transaction data from eBay, one of the most popular online markets, this paper investigates the impact of e-service offerings in four online transaction phases (i.e., information, agreement, fulfillment, and after-sales phase) on customer purchasing intention toward remanufactured products in both auctions and fixed price transactions. The results indicate that e-service offerings in the information phase are most influential on customers’ willingness to pay (WTP) in both types of transactions. In addition, we find e-services in auctions has higher positive influence on customers’ WTP compared to fixed price transactions, as demonstrated by the results that e-services in all four online transaction phases significantly influence customers’ WTP in auctions, but not in fixed price transactions. The results also show that in both types of transactions, customers are willing to pay a premium for seller remanufactured products, and even more for manufacturer remanufactured products and new products, compared with used products. Furthermore, we discuss the managerial implications on customer online purchasing intention toward remanufactured products and online sellers’ sales strategies.
SPIN CORRELATION FOR P P ELASTIC SCATTERING AT THETA (center-of-mass) = PI/2 IN THE ENERGY REGION OF DIBARYON RESONANCES

Precise measurements are reported of the spin-correlation parameter ${A}_{\mathrm{NN}}$ for 500-800 MeV $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic scattering at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$. While not reproducing the large value of ${A}_{\mathrm{NN}}$ reported earlier at 697 MeV, the data show a pronounced maximum in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} triplet-to-singlet ratio near the location of the reported $^{3}F_{3}$ dibaryon resonance. In contradiction with an earlier report, structure is not found in the moduli of the singlet and triplet amplitudes.
Autonomy in adolescent medicine: A framework for decisions about life-sustaining treatment

A broad consensus has been reached in the last decade about the appropriateness of decisions to withhold life-sustaining treatment from competent adult patients. The situation in adolescent medicine is not so straightforward. Legal ambiguity in determining competence and clinical difficulty in assessing decision-making capacity make such decisions in adolescent medicine problematic. A framework for making decisions about withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining therapy from adolescent patients is proposed, and cases are given to illustrate the way the framework may be applied.
Multi-objective optimization of piezoelectric circuitry network for mode delocalization and suppression of bladed disk

Since weakly-coupled bladed disks are highly sensitive to the presence of uncertainties, they can easily undergo vibration localization. When vibration localization occurs, vibration modes of bladed disk become dramatically different from those under the perfectly periodic condition, and the dynamic response under engine-order excitation is drastically amplified. In previous studies, it is investigated that amplified vibration response can be suppressed by connecting piezoelectric circuitry into individual blades to induce the damped absorber effect, and localized vibration modes can be alleviated by integrating piezoelectric circuitry network. Delocalization of vibration modes and vibration suppression of bladed disk, however, require different optimal set of circuit parameters. In this research, multi-objective optimization approach is developed to enable finding the best circuit parameters, simultaneously achieving both objectives. In this way, the robustness and reliability in bladed disk can be ensured. Gradient-based optimizations are individually developed for mode delocalization and vibration suppression, which are then integrated into multi-objective optimization framework.
Introduction to the Topic

While sleep occupies almost a third of our lives (and half or more of the lives of many animals), the processes that go on in the brain during sleep remain mysterious and in the realm of basic investigation. On the other hand, we have made enormous strides in recent years in identifying the cellular basis that underlies many of the phenomena of sleep and circadian rhythms, and in the process are beginning to frame some cogent ideas about the ultimate function of sleep. The chapters that follow in this section provide a detailed look at the basic science of sleep, from the perspectives of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and behavior.
“There's No Place for Feeling Like This in the Workplace”: Women Teachers' Anger in School Settings

Publisher Summary Emotional labor has specific implications for women teachers. Traditional gender expectations in the home as well as in the workforce require women to perform a substantially larger portion of emotional labor than men. This chapter argues that women are often portrayed in the society as possessing innate caring and nurturing qualities that draw on common sense assumptions of stereotyped characteristics of men and women. This contributes to the invisibility of this aspect of the teaching profession and the important skills and effort involved in the doing of emotional work. Teachers' moral purposes are inextricably intertwined with their descriptions of anger experiences. Teachers are clear in what they propose to achieve in their work, and many times express anger when they perceive that they are impeded from attaining their purposes. Obstacles can come from many directions—colleagues, administrators, parents, students, or society at large. This process of learning to navigate a system that is not always compatible with their own moral purposes and expectations is painful for many teachers. Caught in a double-bind, women weigh the pursuit of their moral purposes as teachers, while still keeping students' best interests at the center.
Fitness Costs and Variation in Transmission Distortion Associated with the Abnormal Chromosome 10 Meiotic Drive System in Maize.

Meiotic drive describes a process whereby selfish genetic elements are transmitted at levels greater than Mendelian expectations. Maize abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) encodes a meiotic drive system that exhibits strong preferential segregation through female gametes. We performed transmission assays on nine Ab10 chromosomes from landraces and teosinte lines and found a transmission advantage of 62–79% in heterozygotes. Despite this transmission advantage, Ab10 is present at low frequencies in natural populations, suggesting that it carries large negative fitness consequences. We measured pollen transmission, the percentage of live pollen, seed production, and seed size to estimate several of the possible fitness effects of Ab10. We found no evidence that Ab10 affects pollen transmission, i.e. , Ab10 and N10 pollen are transmitted equally from heterozygous fathers. However, at the diploid (sporophyte) level, both heterozygous and homozygous Ab10-I-MMR individuals show decreased pollen viability, decreased seed set, and decreased seed weight. The observed fitness costs can nearly but not entirely account for the observed frequencies of Ab10. Sequence analysis shows a surprising amount of molecular variation among Ab10 haplotypes, suggesting that there may be other phenotypic variables that contribute to the low but stable equilibrium frequencies.
Endoskopische Techniken bei Frühkarzinomen im oberen und unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt

Die endoskopische Resektion (ER) stellt eine minimalinvasive Therapieoption zur Behandlung gastrointestinaler Fruhkarzinome dar. Darstellung aktueller Therapieempfehlungen und publizierter Ergebnisse der ER beim Osophagusfruhkarzinom, beim Magenfruhkarzinom und beim kolorektalen Fruhkarzinom. Auswertung der aktuellen Literatur. Erlauterung anhand von endoskopischen Fallbeispielen. Neue Technologien wie „narrow-band imaging“ (NBI) haben die endoskopische Diagnostik und Dignitatsbeurteilung gastrointestinaler Fruhneoplasien verbessert. Die Entwicklung der endoskopischen Submukosadissektion (ESD) hat durch eine verbesserte R0-Resektionsrate und ein vermindertes Rezidivrisiko die Rate kurativer ER erhoht. Resektionskriterien fur gastrointestinale Fruhkarzinome sind in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien festgelegt. Beim Magenfruhkarzinom unterscheiden sich deutsche („guideline criteria“) und asiatische Leitlinien („expanded criteria“). Neue Daten aus Deutschland zeigen keinen Uberlebensunterschied nach ESD von Magenfruhkarzinomen der „guideline criteria“ und der „expanded criteria“. Fur kolorektale Fruhkarzinome gilt aktuell eine Submukosainvasion von 1000 µm als Grenze der ER. Moglicherweise kann diese Grenze fur bestimmte Subgruppen ohne weitere Risikofaktoren erweitert werden; weitere Daten hierzu sind abzuwarten. Es gibt erhebliche Fortschritte in der endoskopischer Diagnostik und Therapie. Erste europaische Studien konnen die asiatischen Daten bestatigen. Weitere Studien aus der westlichen Welt sind erforderlich, um die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der endoskopischen Resektion durch verbesserte Datenlage noch praziser zu definieren.
Ford Motor Company’s New Rear Suspension Architecture for the Global CD Platform

The objective was the development of a new suspension architecture for Ford’s global CD platform. This suspension architecture was required to improve vehicle driving comfort and noise without compromising the high level of steering and handling performance of the Ford Mondeo to date. Moreover, the new suspension architecture had to fulfil a number of challenging package requirements. The newly developed rear suspension is an integral link suspension. This is an independent suspension system connecting a wheel carrier to an isolated subframe by means of a lower control arm, a camber link and a toe link. The wheel carrier is directly connected to the lower control arm via a pivot point and indirectly via an additional link, the integral link. This link decouples castor compliance from longitudinal compliance and prevents the need for a trailing link or control blade. The most important result is a substantial reduction of cruising interior noise. Impact harshness, noise and aftershake have significantly improved. The improvements in vehicle comfort have not affected the vehicle steering and handling performance. As a result, the new Ford Mondeo suits both relaxed and sporty driving styles.
Gathering Metabolic Information Using 13C and 1H High Resolution Spectra of Living Systems

13C and 1H NMR are presently being exploited for the study of metabolism in intact living systems. This paper provides the background which will enable the novice to understand the types of applications which are being pursued. Some of the more recent results are also reviewed. The discussion includes recent 13C NMR experiments which have been performed on living animals using both natural abundance signals, and signals from metabolites which become 13C labelled as a result of the introduction of a 13C enriched substrate. New methods of obtaining 1H spectra of metabolites from living systems are also presented.
Abstract 3352: HMGA1 chromatin remodeling protein induces HOXB13 to drive cancer stem cell properties and tumor progression in prostate cancer models

Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells undergo chromatin remodeling and epigenetic reprogramming during tumor progression, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin binding protein is an architectural transcription factor that binds to AT-rich regions in DNA where it displaces histone HI and recruits transcriptional complexes to modulate gene expression. The HMGA1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenesis and in adult stem cells, but silenced postnatally in differentiated tissues. HMGA1 becomes re-expressed in most high-grade cancers and high levels portend adverse clinical outcomes. In prostate cancer (PCa), HMGA1 overexpression and protein immunoreactivity associates with high pathologic grade, although its function in this setting is unknown. To gain mechanistic into the role of HMGA1 in PCa, we silenced HMGA1 in 2 human PCa cell lines: 1) PC3-Epi, a PCa clone selected for epithelial properties, and 2) PC3-EMT, a more invasive PCa clone with mesenchymal properties. Silencing HMGA1 halts proliferation in both PC3-Epi and PC3-EMT cells. Cell morphology changed most dramatically in the PC3-EMT cells, transforming spindle-shaped, mesenchymal cells to more cuboidal, epithelial-like cells. Both migration and invasion were disrupted, but only in the more invasive PC-EMT cells. Colony formation and the stem cell property, three-dimensional (3D) sphere formation, were also blocked in cells with HMGA1 knock-down. To elucidate transcriptional networks downstream of HMGA1, RNA-seq was performed in both cell lines + HMGA1 silencing. We identified genes involved in cell signaling, protein synthesis, post-translational modifications, cell motility, mitotic spindle formation, and development. We focused on the HOXB13 developmental gene, which encodes a transcription factor involved in prostate development. Intriguingly, HOXB13 germline mutations are linked to familial PCa. We found that HOXB13 and HMGA1 are co-regulated in PCa cells by quantitative RT-PCR. HMGA1 occupies 2 sites within the HOXB13 promoter region by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Strikingly, silencing HOXB13 recapitulates HMGA1 phenotypes, impairing proliferation, colony formation, and 3D sphere formation. This work not only reveals a novel role for HMGA1 in regulating both cancer stem cell properties and tumor progression in PCa through HOXB13, but also suggests that targeting the HMGA1-HOXB13 pathway could be effective therapy in invasive PCa. Citation Format: Lionel Chia, Lingling Xian, Guangjing Zhu, Mohammad Heydarian, William B. Issacs, Karen Reddy, Linda Smith Resar. HMGA1 chromatin remodeling protein induces HOXB13 to drive cancer stem cell properties and tumor progression in prostate cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3352.
Hydrophilic Nanoparticle-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery: Microfluidic Investigations on Mechanisms

We discovered a novel nanoparticle (NP)–crude oil interaction and propose a mechanism of NP-based enhanced oil recovery. This NP–crude oil interaction and its effects on oil recovery are systematically investigated by conducting microfluidic experiments in both single-pore scale and “reservoir-on-a-chip” scale. It is confirmed that hydrophilic silica NPs in an aqueous phase could lead to dramatic swelling, dewetting, and disjoining of crude oil. The swelling ratio increased with decreased aqueous phase salinity and with increased concentrations of negative charging of NPs. Natural polar components in crude oil is shown to play a very important role. From a pore-scale perspective, this oil swelling and dewetting increased the flow resistance in the swept region and redirected flooding liquid toward the unswept region. From a reservoir perspective, the mobility ratio was reduced because oil swelling and dewetting modified the relative permeabilities. This improvement in sweep efficiency resulted in approxim...
Multicultural Multiteam Systems

Work arrangements have changed over the last decade. Organizations are increasingly relying on teams from different organizations or from different parts of the same organization to accomplish orga...
A widely distributed diheme enzyme from Burkholderia that displays an atypically stable bis -Fe(IV) state

Bacterial diheme peroxidases represent a diverse enzyme family with functions that range from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction to post-translational modifications. By implementing a sequence similarity network (SSN) of the bCCP_MauG superfamily, we present the discovery of a unique diheme peroxidase BthA conserved in all Burkholderia. Using a combination of magnetic resonance, near-IR and Mossbauer spectroscopies and electrochemical methods, we report that BthA is capable of generating a bis-Fe(IV) species previously thought to be a unique feature of the diheme enzyme MauG. However, BthA is not MauG-like in that it catalytically converts H2O2 to water, and a 1.54-A resolution crystal structure reveals striking differences between BthA and other superfamily members, including the essential residues for both bis-Fe(IV) formation and H2O2 turnover. Taken together, we find that BthA represents a previously undiscovered class of diheme enzymes, one that stabilizes a bis-Fe(IV) state and catalyzes H2O2 turnover in a mechanistically distinct manner. The diheme enzyme MauG forms a bis-Fe(IV) state. Here the authors identify and determine the structure of BthA, a diheme peroxidase conserved in all Burkholderia and show that BthA also forms a bis-Fe(IV) species but mechanistically differs from MauG by combining magnetic resonance, near-IR and Mossbauer spectroscopies and electrochemical methods.
Abstract 4244: Novel expressed long non-coding RNAs in uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly aggressive eye cancer that leads to metastatic death in up to half of patients. UMs can be divided into two prognostic groups based on their gene expression profile (GEP). The class 1 GEP is associated with low metastatic risk and the class 2 GEP with high metastatic risk. Class 1 tumors are associated with EIF1AX or SF3B1 mutations while Class 2 tumors are associated with inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor BAP1. Class 1 and Class 2 UMs have been shown to differ in their expression of numerous known micro-RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). Here, we sought to identify novel differentially expressed lncRNAs using a publicly available RNA-Seq database. Raw RNA-Seq fastq files from 80 TCGA UM samples were obtained from the Cancer Genomics Hub (CGHub), quality controlled using FastQC (v0.11.3), and trimmed using trim-galor (v0.4.1). Sequences were aligned to the human genome (GRCh38) and accompanying general transfer format file (gtf) (Gencode v28) using STAR (v2.5). Transcript discovery was performed using Cufflinks (v2.2.1). Protein coding probability was calculated using CPC (v2.0), and transcripts predicted to be non-coding with transcript length >200bps were retained. 1671 novel transcripts were added to the gtf file, and fastq files were realigned with the new annotation. Estimated counts for all known and novel transcripts were generated using RSEM (v1.3.0) after STAR alignment. A cutoff of RPKM > 1 in at least 35% of tumors was used as a threshold for transcripts of interest, resulting in 61 novel transcripts, 32 of which were differentially expressed at FDR Citation Format: Daniel A. Rodriguez, Jeffim N. Kuznetsov, Margaret I. Sanchez, Stefan Kurtenbach, J. William Harbour. Novel expressed long non-coding RNAs in uveal melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4244.
The effect of convolving word length, word frequency, function word predictability and first pass reading time in the analysis of a fixation-related fMRI dataset.

Abstract The data presented in this document was created to explore the effect of including or excluding word length, word frequency, the lexical predictability of function words and first pass reading time (or the duration of the first fixation on a word) as either baseline regressors or duration modulators on the final analysis for a fixation-related fMRI investigation of linguistic processing. The effect of these regressors was a central question raised during the review of Linguistic networks associated with lexical, semantic and syntactic predictability in reading: A fixation-related fMRI study [1]. Three datasets were created and compared to the original dataset to determine their effect. The first examines the effect of adding word length and word frequency as baseline regressors. The second examines the effect of removing first pass reading time as a duration modulator. The third examines the inclusion of function word predictability into the baseline hemodynamic response function. Statistical maps were created for each dataset and compared to the primary dataset (published in [1]) across the linguistic conditions of the initial dataset (lexical predictability, semantic predictability or syntax predictability).
The active contribution of OPCs to neuroinflammation is mediated by LRP1

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) account for about 5% of total brain and spinal cord cells, giving rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes that provide electrical insulation to neurons of the CNS. OPCs have also recently been shown to regulate inflammatory responses and glial scar formation, suggesting functions that extend beyond myelination. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifaceted phagocytic receptor that is highly expressed in several CNS cell types, including OPCs. Here, we have generated an oligodendroglia-specific knockout of LRP1, which presents with normal myelin development, but is associated with better outcomes in two animal models of demyelination (EAE and cuprizone). At a mechanistic level, LRP1 did not directly affect OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Instead, animals lacking LRP1 in OPCs in the demyelinating CNS were characterized by a robust dampening of inflammation. In particular, LRP1-deficient OPCs presented with impaired antigen cross-presentation machinery, suggesting a failure to propagate the inflammatory response and thus promoting faster myelin repair and neuroprotection. Our study places OPCs as major regulators of neuroinflammation in an LRP1-dependent fashion.
Stable aerobic and anaerobic coexistence in anoxic marine zones

Mechanistic description of the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism is necessary for diagnostic and predictive modeling of fixed nitrogen loss in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). In a metabolic model where diverse oxygen- and nitrogen-cycling microbial metabolisms are described by underlying redox chemical reactions, we predict a transition from strictly aerobic to predominantly anaerobic regimes as the outcome of ecological interactions along an oxygen gradient, obviating the need for prescribed critical oxygen concentrations. Competing aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms can coexist in anoxic conditions whether these metabolisms represent obligate or facultative populations. In the coexistence regime, relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic activity are determined by the ratio of oxygen to electron donor supply. The model simulates key characteristics of AMZs, such as the accumulation of nitrite and the sustainability of anammox at higher oxygen concentrations than denitrification, and articulates how microbial biomass concentrations relate to associated water column transformation rates as a function of redox stoichiometry and energetics. Incorporating the metabolic model into an idealized two-dimensional ocean circulation results in a simulated AMZ, in which a secondary chlorophyll maximum emerges from oxygen-limited grazing, and where vertical mixing and dispersal in the oxycline also contribute to metabolic co-occurrence. The modeling approach is mechanistic yet computationally economical and suitable for global change applications.
Oncolytic poxvirus CF33-hNIS-ΔF14.5 favorably modulates tumor immune microenvironment and works synergistically with anti-PD-L1 antibody in a triple-negative breast cancer model.

ABSTRACTTriple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and is difficult to treat. Breast cancer is considered to be poorly immunogenic and hence is less responsive to...
Can Prompting Investors to be in a Deliberative Mindset Reduce Their Reliance on Fake News

We examine if prompting investors to be in a deliberative mindset reduces their reliance on financial news that is later revealed to be fake. Consistent with theory, results of an experiment show that investors reduce their reliance on news revealed to be fake, and that this reduction is magnified for investors who were previously prompted to be in a deliberative mindset. Importantly, results also reveal that prompting investors to be in a deliberative mindset does not affect their judgments when the news is later revealed to be true. Our study contributes to research on fake news in the financial markets and has practical implications for investors when evaluating news that may be true or fake.
Development and validation of a cannabis cue stimulus set

Regular cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have become increasingly prevalent in the United States over the past two decades. Theory and empirical data suggest that the incentive salience of cannabis cues is important to the development and chronicity of CUD. Cannabis cue incentive salience is often assessed with a cannabis cue reactivity paradigm wherein cannabis-related and neutral images are presented. However, prior cannabis cue reactivity studies have been limited by the use of heterogeneous stimuli that were not properly characterized across motivational/affective characteristics, physical image attributes, or non-cannabis-related salient image features (e.g., human presence, face visibility). In order to increase standardization and flexibility of future cannabis cue reactivity tasks, the aim of the present study was to develop and validate a cannabis cue and matched neutral image database comprised of motivational/affective ratings as well as physical image attributes. 234 regular cannabis users varying in primary use method (i.e., bowl, blunt/joint, bong, vaporizer) made motivational (i.e., urge to smoke cannabis) and affective (i.e., arousal, valence) ratings of cannabis-related and neutral images matched on salient, non-cannabis-related features. Physical features (hue, saturation, value) of each image were also analyzed. Motivational/affective ratings of cannabis-related and neutral images differed as expected, and cannabis use frequency and cannabis craving correlations with cannabis image ratings generally supported stimulus validity. Motivational/affective ratings did not significantly differ across cannabis use method-specific images. This database may be a useful tool for future behavioral and neuroscience research on cannabis cue reactivity.
Binge eating predicts adherence to digital self-monitoring during behavioral weight loss.

Abstract Objective Consistent self-monitoring of dietary intake, weight, and physical activity predicts better outcomes during behavioral weight loss, but the factors that influence self-monitoring adherence are not well understood. This study attempted to fill gaps in the existing literature by examining whether pre-treatment eating behaviors predict adherence to digital self-monitoring during a behavioral weight loss program. Method Participants (N = 77) reported on binge eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating at baseline, and were instructed to self-monitor their food intake, weight, and physical activity using digital devices (food logging app, Fitbit, and wireless “smart” scale) throughout the 12-week treatment. Adherence to self-monitoring was assessed using data captured from these devices. Results Greater baseline binge eating severity predicted greater adherence to self-monitoring of weight (ρ = 0.25, p = .03) and eating (ρ = 0.25, p = .03), but not self-monitoring of physical activity. Uncontrolled eating and emotional eating did not significantly predict self-monitoring adherence. Conclusions In contrast to previous research, this study found that participants with greater pre-treatment binge eating severity had better adherence to self-monitoring of eating, and for the first time established a relationship between binge eating severity and digital self-monitoring of weight in behavioral weight loss. Individuals with greater pre-treatment binge eating may exhibit characteristics, such as motivation or rigidity, that are beneficial during the initial period of weight loss. Future studies should determine if there are features of analogue versus digital self-monitoring that may explain this pattern of findings, and examine these associations longitudinally.
Contraception for College Reproductive Health

Approximately 80% of college women are sexually active; therefore, it is valuable that clinicians caring for college students provide appropriate and comprehensive counseling that includes contraception, sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, and safe sex practices. This chapter serves as a detailed overview of the contraceptives that are available for college students, with emphasis on oral contraceptives, barrier methods, long-acting reversible agents, and emergency contraception. Comprehensive sexuality and reproductive health education regarding these options are essential for students at all levels of university life.
FOREWORD: WHAT DOES CHRISTIANITY OFFER TO THE WORLD OF LAW? 1

“CLS” was an acronym with two very different meanings when I was a fledgling law student some thirty-five years ago. For most, it meant “critical legal studies,” a burgeoning new movement of sundry neo-Marxist jurists and philosophers collectively bent on exposing the fallacies and false equalities of modern law. Many of my first-year law professors were the high priests of this CLS movement. They were making serious waves at the time with their denunciation of much that was considered sound and settled in the law. The best CLS professors taught black letter doctrine—and then shredded it with rhetorical and analytical power. That instruction appealed to my native ethic of semper reformanda—always reforming and working to improve our traditions. Other professors simply taught their pet critical topics, sending us students scrambling to the bookstore in search of study guides that would acquaint us with the legal basics. After a year of such CLS instruction, I could not wait to take the upper-level electives that would no doubt unveil the new and better legal system CLS had in mind. Little was on offer. The “crits,” I soon learned, were better at deconstruction than reconstruction of the law. Not surprisingly, this movement has now faded and fractured into sundry special interest groups.
Real-world performance of hybrid closed loop in youth, young adults, adults and older adults with type 1 diabetes: Identifying a clinical target for hybrid closed-loop use

AIM To describe real-world hybrid closed loop (HCL) use and glycaemic outcomes across the lifespan and identify a clinical threshold for HCL use associated with meeting the internationally recommended target of 70% sensor glucose time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mixed models examined MiniMed 670G HCL use and glycaemic outcomes in 276 people with type 1 diabetes from four age groups: youth (aged <18 years), young adults (18-25 years), adults (26-49 years) and older adults (≥50 years) for 1 year. ROC analysis identified the minimum percentage HCL use associated with meeting the TIR goal of 70%. RESULTS HCL use at month 1 was 70.7% ± 2.9% for youth, 71.0% ± 3.8% for young adults, 78.9% ± 2.1% for adults and 84.7% ± 3.8% in older adults. HCL use declined significantly at 12 months to 49.3% ± 3.2% in youth (P < .001) and 55.7% ± 4.3% in young adults (P = .002). HCL use was sustained at 12 months in adults (76.4% ± 2.2%, P = .36) and older adults (80.4% ± 3.9%, P = .36). HCL use of 70.6% was associated with 70% TIR (sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 85%, AUC 0.77). Older age, 80% or higher continuous glucose monitor use and four or more blood glucose checks per day were associated with attaining the HCL-use threshold. CONCLUSIONS HCL use of 70% or higher may be a useful target for clinicians to use to assist people with diabetes in attaining glycaemic goals. Youth may struggle with HCL use more than adults and require clinical intervention to help sustain HCL use across time.
Protocol for fungal infection following the induction of epithelial cell loss in larval zebrafish

Summary Epithelia provide the first line of defense against foreign pathogens, and disruption of tissue homeostasis frequently allows for opportunistic infections. Here we provide a protocol for induction of epithelial cell loss in zebrafish larvae, followed by infection with fungal pathogens. Details are provided for monitoring larval survival after infection, assessment of fungal burden, and prophylactic treatment with antifungal compounds. Limitations of the protocol include potential antifungal toxicity and high fungal inoculums to induce lethal infection with some pathogenic fungal species. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wurster et al. (2021) .
Aristotle's Critique of Mimesis: The Romantic Prelude

The most notable element of Plato's theory of art, or at least the most memorable, is his censorship of poetry from the ideal state (Republic III: 398; X: 607). However Plato's argument is construed, it is enlightening to note the domestication to which it is invariably subjected. Since Aristotle's theory is eminently more amenable to our contemporary appreciation for art, and, in one form or another, is judged more central to the history of Western literature, Plato's attack is dispensed with after due characterization as ironic,1 unmanageably ambiguous,2 valid only in a most limited context,3 or excusable in the light of the extraordinary circumstances peculiar to Plato's profession, day, and society (his philosophic loyalties,4 didacticism as a norm,5 and the decadence of Athenian literature).6 Now we could dispense with the assertions that his ban was an ironic gesture or innocuously hypothetical by pointing out that while the Republic Plato envisioned, in earnest or not, was never realized, the attack on art he espoused was tangible enough in its repercussions. And as for the argument that the extraordinary circumstances of Plato's day preclude the validity of the theory it fostered, it must be remembered that later philosophers were not indifferent to the role of art in man's moral and intellectual development, classical Athens was far from the least aesthetically sophisticated of societies, and literature of that period was neither significantly more subversive nor more edifying than our own. (And obviously these circumstances did not predetermine the conclusions of Plato's famous student. )
A 3% Measurement of the Beam Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Forward Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering using the Qweak Setup

The beam normal single spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable of the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. Moreover, it is a potential source of false asymmetry in parity violating electron scattering experiments. The Q{sub weak} experiment uses parity violating electron scattering to make a direct measurement of the weak charge of the proton. The targeted 4% measurement of the weak charge of the proton probes for parity violating new physics beyond the Standard Model. The beam normal single spin asymmetry at Q{sub weak} kinematics is at least three orders of magnitude larger than 5 ppb precision of the parity violating asymmetry. To better understand this parity conserving background, the Q{sub weak} Collaboration has performed elastic scattering measurements with fully transversely polarized electron beam on the proton and aluminum. This dissertation presents the analysis of the 3% measurement (1.3% statistical and 2.6% systematic) of beam normal single spin asymmetry in electronproton scattering at a Q2 of 0.025 (GeV/c)2. It is the most precise existing measurement of beam normal single spin asymmetry available at the time. A measurement of this precision helps to improve the theoretical models on beam normalmore » single spin asymmetry and thereby our understanding of the doubly virtual Compton scattering process.« less
Mutual inductance modeling for multiple RLC interconnects with application to shield insertion

An effective mutual inductance is proposed in this paper to efficiently describe the inductive interactions among coupled signal lines. An efficient estimate of the crosstalk noise among multiple coupled RLC interconnects is achieved by simplifying the system of coupled lines into only two coupled RLC interconnects. The concept of an effective mutual inductance is further applied to a shielding technique, providing guidelines for inserting shields to reduce crosstalk noise in the presence of both capacitive and inductive coupling.
IO/EAM: An Input-Output Economic Assessment Model

This paper describes a microcomputer software package, IO/EAM: An Input-Output Economic Assessment Model, which was developed at the University of Georgia through a joint extension-research effort. The package is a menudriven, user friendly program that is designed to be used by county extension agents, researchers, and other extension personnel to estimate the economic impact of changes in county economies. The program employs an input-output model that provides users with a locally based, easily updated source of economic intelligence. Use of input-output techniques allows users to estimate the impact of changes in county economies on an industry-by-industry basis and to account for the interdependencies among these industries in a county.
Positively curved surfaces with no tangent support plane

We discuss a characterization of positively curved surfaces M with the property that, at each point, the tangent plane to M is not a support plane for the entire surface. Such positively curved surfaces with no tangent support plane necessarily have non-empty boundary, and any portion B C ∂M which has convex hull equal to the convex hull of ∂M we call a generating set. This set plays a key role in constructing examples. We give various examples among which there is an embedded topological disk with smallest possible generating set.
CP‐violation through Higgs exchange

We review the Weinberg model of CP nonconservation through the exchange of Higgs bosons. When possible long distance contribution to K‐K mass matrix are included, the model is barely compatible with the limit for e’/e obtained from experiment. We also discuss the electric dipole moment (e.d.m.) of the neutron in this model.
Investigation of best practices for maintaining section 508 Compliance in U.S. federal web sites

The purpose of this paper is to discuss best practices in web site compliance with Section 508 among Federal agencies. Individuals involved with 508 compliance at three different federal agencies were interviewed, to determine how their agencies meet 508 compliance requirements. The discussion includes specific evaluation methods used, such as how users with disabilities are involved, how often they perform usability testing, and what software tools are used on an ongoing basis for evaluation. It also examines the policies in place, such as the possibility of losing a content management system account for repeatedly posting non-compliant web content. We also compare the best practices in accessibility compliance from U.S. Federal agencies to approaches taken in other countries, such as Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Asking Adolescents to Explain Discrepancies in Self-Reported Suicidality

We present a typology of adolescents' most common explanations for discrepant reporting of suicidal behavior. Forty-eight adolescents provided attempt histories by completing a self-report measure of suicidality. A select number of items were subsequently readministered (average interval = 5 days) using a semistructured interview format. Discrepancies in reporting were found among 50% of the sample. Adolescents were also asked to clarify, using an open-ended format, what might have accounted for a particular discrepancy. Based on these responses, seven mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories were derived. High rates of interrater agreement indicated that these categories were reliable.