cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mise en fiction de l’Amérique du Nord au XVIIIe siècle

A partir du xvie siecle, relations de voyage et œuvres de fiction participent a la constitution d’une Nouvelle-France discursive. Si cet imaginaire colonial affleure dans quelques comedies du xviiie siecle, il sera ici question de deux minores de Lesage et Prevost, soit Aventures de Monsieur Robert Chevalier (1732) et Voyages du capitaine Robert Lade… (1744), ou deux capitaines (l’un Canadien, l’autre Anglais) explorent l’Amerique du Nord, y compris la Nouvelle-France, dans un esprit d’aventure.
The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children

Pediatric obesity is a major health concern today, which pre-disposes individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), and the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Use of carotid intima media thi...
Bone Augmentation with and without Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Microporous Membranes

Summary The advantages and disadvantages of the bioresorbable and nonresorbable GBR membranes are shown in Tables 3 and 4. The risk-to-benefit ratio is well documented for the nonresorbable e-PTFE membrane, with its best advantages being predictability, space-making ability, and experience of 20 years in clinical use. The primary disadvantage of e-PTFE membrane is its potential for dehiscence in the overlying mucosa, plaque accumulation, and infection. e-PTFE membranes have high direct and indirect costs in some instances. The bioresorbable membranes are attractive because they are relatively free of complications; however, there are many questions concerning their efficacy, which must be answered through experience and research. Are the bioabsorbable barriers comparable to the nonresorbable membranes and to one another? Do these have a significant danger of causing foreign body giant cell responses or immune system sensitization? These are the questions most needed to be answered in future years. Despite claims and counterclaims by the makers of collagen-based and polymer-based bioabsorbable membranes, the turnover in materials and markets is high. Future research is needed to clarify these issues.
Mathematical modeling of the interaction between yolk utilization and fish growth in zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Optimal embryonic development plays a major role in the health of an individual beyond the developmental stage. Nutritional perturbation during development is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. With both nutritional uptake and overall growth being risk factors for eventual health, it is necessary to understand not only the behavior of the processes during development but also their interactions. In this study, we used differential equations, image analyses, curve fittings, parameter estimation and laboratory experiments to quantify the rate of yolk absorption and its effect on early development of a vertebrate model (Danio rerio). Findings from this study establish a nonlinear functional relationship between nutrient absorption and early fish growth. We found that the rate of change in fish length and yolk utilization is logistic, that is the yolk decays rapidly for a period of time before leveling out. An interesting finding from this study is that yolk utilization reaches its maximum at 84 h post-fertilization. We validated our mathematical models against experimental observations, making them powerful tools for replication and future simulations.
The Light Festival Phenomenon

This chapter looks at how moving image-based public art is implicated in the social and economic marketing of Creative Cities and the neoliberal remaking of urban public spaces through urban light festivals. With a close reading of BLINK in Cincinnati and other similar projects, I examine how the light festival phenomenon that exploded in the 2010s walks a thin line between producing meaningful encounters with art and merely rendering the city into a playground and an image for consumption. This chapter examines the role of marketing, technology, and design in the production of these events as well as individual artistic practices within them. I argue that light festivals become interfaces within which the relationship between the material and projected city is continually negotiated.
Pricing Strips and the Term Structure

Using the data on coupon bonds provided in the note, students are asked to estimate the value of portions of the bond (stripping coupons and principal) and deal with the fact that the term structure of interest rates is not flat. There is also discussion on the general nature of stripping bonds. Excerpt UVA-F-0925 Rev. Dec. 4, 2018 Pricing STRIPS and the Term Structure In the early 1980s, investment banks such as Merrill Lynch and Salomon Brothers began offering what were effectively zero-coupon bonds by “stripping” US Treasury issues (i.e., separating the coupons from the principal payments). Once separated, each coupon and each principal payment became a separate zero-coupon bond. In these cases, the investment banks held the underlying US Treasury note or bond and paid out the coupon or principal as it was received. Known as receipt products, these bonds had been created by a number of investment banks and were recognized by such feline names as CATS, TIGRS, COUGARS, and LIONS. These products were almost default-free because the investment banks just passed through the flows to investors, but there was still some default risk since the payments were made by the investment banks to investors. Such almost-default-free financial products provided ideal vehicles for investors such as pension funds and insurance companies, which may not have wanted to deal with the problems of reinvesting the coupon payments that accompanied US Treasury bonds. Spurred by the innovations of Merrill Lynch and others, the US Treasury, in 1985, introduced its own coupon-strippable program by designating some of its notes and bonds eligible for stripping. Under this program, for US government securities (coupon bonds) with maturities of 10 years or more, dealers who held the original coupon bonds were allowed to separately register individual coupon payments and principal as individual securities. The result was that purchasers were able to receive the payments directly from the US Treasury and not from the investment banks, as in the case of the CATS, and so forth. Known as STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities), these products became the dominant zero-coupon instrument. A US Treasury strip was a claim to cash flow at a single maturity date. The cash flow for the strip was either from the coupon or the principal payment of existing Treasury securities. In 1986, the US Treasury allowed dealers to reconstitute an original bond by purchasing all the coupon and principal STRIPS and then registering it as the original coupon bond. This bond could then be traded as a coupon bond. It is important to note that the US Treasury did not directly issue STRIPS. They could not be purchased directly from the US Treasury, but rather from dealers who bought US Treasury coupon bonds directly and then registered the coupons and principal payments as individual securities. These were then sold through dealers in the secondary market. . . .
Communication: The simplified generalized entropy theory of glass-formation in polymer melts

While a wide range of non-trivial predictions of the generalized entropy theory (GET) of glass-formation in polymer melts agree with a large number of observed universal and non-universal properties of these glass-formers and even for the dependence of these properties on monomer molecular structure, the huge mathematical complexity of the theory precludes its extension to describe, for instance, the perplexing, complex behavior observed for technologically important polymer films with thickness below ∼100 nm and for which a fundamental molecular theory is lacking for the structural relaxation. The present communication describes a hugely simplified version of the theory, called the simplified generalized entropy theory (SGET) that provides one component necessary for devising a theory for the structural relaxation of thin polymer films and thereby supplements the first required ingredient, the recently developed Flory-Huggins level theory for the thermodynamic properties of thin polymer films, before the concluding third step of combining all the components into the SGET for thin polymer films. Comparisons between the predictions of the SGET and the full GET for the four characteristic temperatures of glass-formation provide good agreement for a highly non-trivial model system of polymer melts with chains of the structure of poly(n-α olefins) systems where the GET has produced good agreement with experiment. The comparisons consider values of the relative backbone and side group stiffnesses such that the glass transition temperature decreases as the amount of excess free volume diminishes, contrary to general expectations but in accord with observations for poly(n-alkyl methacrylates). Moreover, the SGET is sufficiently concise to enable its discussion in a standard course on statistical mechanics or polymer physics.
Having It Both Ways: Building the Capacity of Individual Teachers and Their Schools

In this article, Susan Moore Johnson calls for a balanced approach to improving teaching and learning, one that focuses on both teachers and the contexts in which they work. Drawing on over a decade of research on the experiences of new teachers, Johnson argues that focusing on the effectiveness of individuals while ignoring how their schools are organized limits our capacity to support teachers’ work and, thus, to improve the outcomes for our nation’s neediest students.
Managerial myopia or systemic short‐termism?

For more than two decades both the business press and research in several academic disciplines have seen an extended debate over what has been called “myopia” or “short‐termism”. These terms have been used to describe decisions in which firms pursue short‐term gains ( for example, seeking to maximize quarterly profits) at the expense of long term strategies ( for example, investing in basic research or laying the groundwork for new core competencies). Despite the attention to this subject, there remain conflicting positions in the business press and inconclusive evidence from research regarding causes and proposed solutions. This paper proposes that progress may be possible by looking inside firms – addressing how managerial systems and decision‐making processes affect the development of long term strategies. Survey results suggest that systemic elements – organizational culture, processes, and routines – have promised in understanding why firms may undervalue the long term and pay too much attention to t...
Pursuit-evasion strategies for teams of multiple agents with incomplete information

In this paper, we investigate search strategies for multi-player pursuit-evasion games, in which a team of pursuers try to detect and capture multiple intelligent evaders. These are games with incomplete information for which there is no complete theory of existence of optimal solutions. We present a number of heuristic pursuit strategies and compare their performance using capture time as the performance metric. We demonstrate that reducing sensing overlap between pursuers and avoiding over-assignment of pursuers to target locations improve the performance of pursuit policies, and then derive some conclusions for their further development.
Experimental demonstration of differential synthetic aperture ladar

Differential SAL measures phase slopes to reduce the inherent sensitivity to piston phase errors during the data collection process. The first experimental demonstrations of the technique and comparisons to image based phase compensation are presented.
Adenosine analogs and human platelets--II. Inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation by carbocyclic adenosine and imidazole-ring modified analogs. Significance of alterations in the nucleotide pools.

Abstract A number of adenosine analogs modified in the imidazole portion of the purine ring or in the carbohydrate moiety have been examined for their ability to inhibit the aggregation of human blood platelets induced by 10 μM ADP. Also, the effects of incorporation of adenosine analogs into the nucleotide pools, or of alteration of the natural adenine nucleotide levels, were studied. In accord with earlier findings, alterations in the ribose moiety of adenosine markedly diminished effectiveness in blocking ADP-induced aggregation. The C-nucleoside, formycin and its 1-methyl and 2-methyl derivatives, displayed little inhibitory activity and α-D-ribofuranosyl adenine and α- l -lyxofuranosyl adenine were without activity. Replacement of the 5'-hydroxyl group of the ribose by carboxyl, amino or S -methyl groups decreased capacity to inhibit aggregation. In contrast, carbocyclic adenosine (wherein an oxygen atom of the ribofuranosyl ring is replaced by a methylene group) retained full ability to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation. The effects of modifications in the imidazole portion of the purine ring of adenosine are complex. Tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine), 4-aminopyrazolo [3,4- d ]pyrimidine ribonucleoside (4-APP-ribonucleoside) and 8-azaadenosine displayed negligible or weak inhibitory activity. However, analogs related to tubercidin, i.e. 6-aminotoyocamycin and sangivamycin (5-carboxamide tubercidin), as well as the 3-carboxamide derivative of 4-APP ribonucleoside, displayed inhibitory activity approaching that of adenosine. No relation was established between the incorporation of adenosine analogs into platelet nucleotide pools and their ability to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation. Analogs such as formycin, which in the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin, readily enter the platelet nucleotide metabolic pool with replacement of a substantial portion of the natural adenine nucleotides, cause only weak inhibitory effects, whereas analogs such as 6-aminotoyocamycin, and sangivamycin, which did not form analog nucleotides or formed only small quantities of the 5'-monphosphate nucleotides, display inhibitory activity comparable to that of adenosine. When platelets were incubated with 2-fluoroadenosine, a potent inhibitor of aggregation, large amounts of 2-fluoroadenosine, 5'-mono, di- and triphosphate nucleotides were formed with a coincident marked decrease in the ATP concentrations. When these platelets were washed free of extracellular 2-fluoroadenosine and resuspended in platelet-free plasma, normal aggregation was produced by ADP. However, incubation of this suspension for 10 min with 2-fluoroadenosine resulted in an almost complete inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation.
What we get and give in pastoral care

As I have intended to present the kind of contribution which our experience of pastoral care can make to our theological understanding, I have not intended that this should result in a particular and well-defined brand of theology. One would have to stack this up against other orders of experience, if an adequate systematic theology were to result. But I find it difficult to see how any theology we have can be vital unless it is constantly renewed by reflection on such experiences as have been described here. One reason why the very term “theology” seems so forbidding to the man in the street is precisely because theologians have not shown often enough that it is to actual human experiences of sin and redemption, meaninglessness and creation, that they look for their understanding of theology.
Two-Dimensional Shock Structure in Transonic and Hypersonic Flow

Publisher Summary The discussion of shock waves with a two-dimensional internal structure has been restricted to problems in transonic flow. There are, however, several fundamental problems in hypersonic flow where consideration of non-R-H (Rankine-Hugoniot) shock structure becomes crucial. Interferometric observations of the structure of two-dimensional fully dispersed waves in CO 2 , suggest that relaxing transonic flows may provide a powerful experimental tool for the study of two-dimensional shock structure. The equations for the analysis of hypersonic two-dimensional shock structure are more complex than in the transonic case. However, the understanding of hypersonic non-Hugoniot shocks is more advanced. Asymptotic methods have been employed to obtain solutions for both the shock structure and the resultant flat plate and blunt body heat transfer, which are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. While the blunt body and flat plate problems have been studied in considerable detail a comparable low-Reynolds hypersonic theory for slender body flow does not seem to be available.
Early initiation of chemotherapy following complete resection of advanced ovarian cancer associated with improved survival: NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study

ABSTRACT Background To determine whether time from surgery to initiation of chemotherapy impacts survival in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Patients and methods This is a post-trial ad hoc analysis of Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 218, a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to study the antiangiogenesis agent, bevacizumab, in primary and maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian carcinoma. Maximum attempt at debulking was an eligibility criterion. Stage III patients, not stage IV, were required to have gross macroscopic or palpable residual disease following surgery. The survival impact of time from surgery to initiation of chemotherapy was studied using Cox regression models and stratified by treatment arm, residual disease and other clinical and pathologic factors. Results One thousand seven hundred eighteen assessable patients were randomized (stage III (n = 1237); stage IV (n = 477), including those with complete resection (stage IV only, n = 81), low-volume residual (≤1 cm, n = 701), and suboptimal (>1 cm, n = 932). On multivariate analysis, time to chemotherapy initiation was predictive of overall survival (P Conclusion Survival for women with advanced ovarian cancer may be adversely affected when initiation of chemotherapy occurs >25 days following surgery. Our analysis applies to stage IV only as women with stage III who underwent complete resection were not eligible for this trial. These results, however, are consistent with Gompertzian first-order kinetics where patients with microscopic residual are most vulnerable. Clinical Trials Identifier NCT00262847.
On revenue-optimal dynamic auctions for bidders with interdependent values

In a dynamic market, being able to update one's value based on information available to other bidders currently in the market can be critical to having profitable transactions. This is the model of interdependent values (IDV): a bidder's value can explicitly depend on the private information of other bidders. In this paper we present preliminary results about the revenue properties of dynamic auctions for IDV bidders. We adopt a computational approach to design single-item revenue-optimal dynamic auctions with known arrivals and departures but (private) signals that arrive online. In leveraging a characterization of truthful auctions, we present a mixed-integer programming formulation of the design problem. Although a discretization is imposed on bidder signals the solution is a mechanism applicable to continuous signals. The formulation size grows exponentially in the dependence of bidders' values on other bidders' signals. We highlight general properties of revenue-optimal dynamic auctions in a simple parameterized example and study the sensitivity of prices and revenue to model parameters.
Bereavement Damages under German Law - Status Quo and Objectives for Reform

Under the German law of torts or delict, nonpecuniary losses incurred as a consequence of the death of a loved one are not compensable. Only if the spouse, partner or relative suffered a nervous shock serious enough to result in a medical condition that was verified by a doctor will damages for pain and suffering be awarded. The government of Bavaria has published a draft bill that suggests to change this state of the law and to introduce bereavement damages as a response to wrongful death. This paper explores how the Bavarian proposal fits in with general trends in European tort law and discusses the pros and cons of bereavement damages. The analysis is based upon the economic objectives of the law of torts, namely efficient deterrence, efficient risk bearing and efficient administration of claims. It is being argued that bereavement damages should be limited to cases of wrongful death, excluding cases of serious bodily injury or impairment of health. Furthermore, the scope of potential plaintiffs and the amounts recoverable should be fixed by statute rather than be left for the courts to decide on a case-by-case basis.
Inquiry Into Lived Experience: A Cross-Cultural, In-Between, and Exiled Perspective

He, M. F. (2003). A River Forever Flowing: Cross‐cultural Lives and Identities in the Multicultural Landscape. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.Phillion, J., He, M. F., & Connelly, F. M. (Eds.). (2005). Narrative Experience in Multicultural Education. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.He, M. F., & Phillion, J. (Eds.). (2008). Personal∼Passionate∼Participatory Inquiry into Social Justice in Education. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.He, M. F. (2010). Exile Pedagogy: Teaching and Living In‐Between. In J. A. Sandlin, B. D. Schultz, & J. Burdick (Eds.), Handbook of Public Pedagogy: Education and Learning Beyond Schooling (pp. 469–482). New York: Routledge.
A temporal deductive database model

We extend the deductive database model by incorporating the notion of time. We define the notion of temporal Horn clauses. The declarative semantics of temporal deductive databases is presented. Then, we develop a bottom-up evaluation scheme for temporal deductive rules. We establish the correctness of the bottom-up approach. Examples of queries are presented.
Effectiveness of the Mini-Mult in detecting MMPI pathology in the blind.

The Mini-Mult and MMPI were administered in random order to 60 blind male veterans admitted to a residential rehabilitation program. Mini-Mult scores predicted the presence or absence of MMPI pathology in 81.7% of the cases. Correlations between the individual Mini-Mult and MMPI scales were significant at the p less than .01 level, but not of sufficient magnitude to permit their interchangeability or to allow for profile diagnosis on the basis of Mini-Mult scores. Analysis of the false negatives raises questions about the clinical significance of an abnormal MMPI in the population studied. The results support the value of the Mini-Mult as a screening device, but not as a substitute for a detailed psychological assessment of the blind.
Novel enrichment of tumor cell transfectants expressing high levels of type 4 glutathione peroxidase using 7α-hydroperoxycholesterol as a selection agent

Abstract A novel approach for selecting high expressing cells out of a general population that had been transfected with a construct encoding cytosolic type 4 glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) is reported. The approach is described for GPx4-null COH-BR1 breast tumor cells and is based on use of a highly specific GPx4 substrate, 7α-hydroperoxycholesterol (7α-OOH), as a selection agent. Cells recovering from a highly toxic dose of liposomal 7α-OOH were found to be substantially more resistant to a second 7α-OOH challenge than cells recovering from a less toxic dose, but were much less resistant to t -butyl hydroperoxide ( t -BuOOH) or H 2 O 2 . Several clones isolated from the general transfectant population exhibited variable, relatively low GPx4 activities. However, clones from the 7α-OOH-selected population exhibited uniformly high GPx4 activities (each ∼3-fold higher than that of the starting transfectant population) and elevated steady-state mRNA levels. t -BuOOH could also be used for selecting high GPx4-expressing cells, but consistent recovery from toxic doses was more difficult than with 7α-OOH. Compared with conventional “hit or miss” cloning procedures, the 7α-OOH approach we describe affords a uniform population of high GPx4-activity cells in a relatively rapid manner. This approach should prove valuable for investigators interested in the peroxide regulatory properties of GPx4, in the context of both cytoprotection and redox signaling.
Scaling functions on R2 for dilations of determinant ±2

Abstract This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a doubly periodic function p ( ξ ) , ξ ∈ R 2 to be the squared modulus of a lowpass filter for a multiresolution analysis of L 2 ( R 2 ) with respect to an expanding matrix A of determinant ±2. By transferring the underlying spaces, R or R 2 , to a single binary sequence space, we are able to show that, when det ( A ) = 2 , every scaling function on R 2 corresponds to one on R , where the dilation is ±2. If det ( A ) = − 2 , this is no longer true. In this case, the lowpass filter for the stretched Haar function makes an unexpected appearance.
Globalizing Software Development

In an attempt to provide insight into managing successful international technology collaboration, this article presents a framework to guide managers in dividing and integrating labor and assessing methodological and organizational weaknesses. The analysis draws on technology and management literatures and specifically addresses outsourcing systems development work to emerging economies. Recommendations are provided not only on how to organize international work at present, but also on the characteristics of projects and tasks that are good candidates for international outsourcing, and what capabilities must change in order to move to an international project management methodology involving lower project risk and lower coordination costs.
Serotonin increases interleukin-6 release and decreases tumor necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells in vitro.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are secreted by rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Serotonin increases the release of aldosterone, corti-costerone, and cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Therefore, the effects of serotonin on IL-6 and TNF release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells were investigated. Cultures of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells were enzymatically prepared and cultured for 4–6 d. The cells were then exposed to serum-free RPMl-1640 medium containing vehicle (RPMl medium alone), serotonin, and/or endotoxin, interleukin-1β, or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Following a 5-h incubation, medium was removed from the cells, and IL-6 and TNF content of this medium determined with bioassays. Serotonin (1–1000 nM) increased basal IL-6 release from zona glomerulosa cells, but inhibited basal TNF release from these cells. Endotoxin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased IL-6 and TNF release from zona glomerulosa cells. Serotonin potentiated IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin and IL-1β, but inhibited TNF release stimulated by these agents. Serotonin potentiated ACTH-stimulated IL-6 release. Serotonin had no effect on IL-6 release from rat anterior pituitary cells. Because IL-6, TNF, and serotonin modify the release of aldosterone and glucocorticoids from adrenal cells, the stimulatory effects of serotonin on aldosterone and glucocorticoid release may be mediated in part by the effects of serotonin on IL-6 and TNF release from adrenal cells.
Building Failures: Avoiding the Mistakes of Yesterday Leads to the Successes of Today

Most readers of the Journal of Architectural Engineering have investigated or performed remedial design for at least one architectural or engineering system failure during their careers. Other practitioners—particularly those who work for firms specializing in investigations, forensics, disaster response, and repair—are more familiar with the variety and extent of building failures as they assist their clients in restoring damaged or deficient buildings. Your viewpoint of the frequency of the occurrence of failures in our industry likely depends on your definition of a failure. Some would argue that the term building failure applies only to major structural collapses, while others believe that a failure should be defined as any building system or component that does not perform as intended. The latter definition would include myriad building performance problems associated with roofs, facades, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing MEP system balancing and control, and so on. From that perspective, a noninclusive list of structural and architectural/building system performance failures consists of the following: • Structural failures of all types, including those caused by natural disasters; • Building envelope water and moisture performance problems facades, roofing, waterproofing, flashing, sealants, and related issues ; • Durability, deterioration, maintenance, and repair of newer and historic buildings; • Design and construction errors; • Material defects; • Failures related to confusion over design and construction responsibility; • Comfort, performance, and control of MEP systems; and • Cost issues and failure to meet budgets. Failures do not discriminate or target specific projects. Construction projects, large or small, can experience failures of a variety of types. The smallest of items can lead to a catastrophic event. Such was the case in July 2006 when the failure of a grouted anchor caused the collapse of a concrete ceiling panel on the Interstate 90 connector tunnel Boston’s Big Dig , resulting in one fatality. A single sliding connection along an expansion joint resulted in damage claims of approximately $4 million as the result of a partial floor collapse at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center DLLCC in Pittsburgh in February 2007.
Opportunities and barriers for fisheries diversification: Consumer choice in New England

Abstract Diversification has been defined as one goal of sustainable fisheries. However, the role of consumer choice in successfully achieving this goal is unknown. We use a choice experiment survey to quantify consumer preferences for locally abundant and underutilized fish relative to more familiar and overfished species, as well as in the context of other common sustainability characteristics (locally sourced and eco-labeled fish). We find that while respondents valued local seafood and avoided seafood labeled as “unsustainable”, even well-informed consumers placed a high value on familiar species. However, consumers that had previously purchased underutilized fish were willing to pay significantly more for these species. These results demonstrate that fisheries diversification faces challenges, but that consumer preferences may be malleable, suggesting a long-term potential to shift demand away from unsustainable stocks and meet larger conservation goals, provided consumer education occurs. Ultimately, these efforts have the potential to increase both the ecological and economic sustainability of marine fisheries.
A direct and simultaneous detection of zinc protoporphyrin IX, free protoporphyrin IX, and fluorescent heme degradation product in red blood cell hemolysates

Fluorescence emission of free protoporphyrin IX (PPIX, em. approximately 626 nm), zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP, em. approximately 594 nm) and fluorescent heme degradation product (FHDP, em. approximately 466 nm) are identified and simultaneously detected in mouse and human red cell hemolysates, when excited at 365 nm. A novel method is established for comparing relative FHDP, PPIX and ZPP levels in hemolysates without performing red cell porphyrin extractions. The ZPP fluorescence directly measured in hemolysates (F(365/594)) correlates with the ZPP fluorescence obtained from acetone/water extraction (R(2) = 0.9515, P < 0.0001). The relative total porphyrin (ZPP and PPIX) fluorescence obtained from direct hemolysate fluorescence measurements also correlates with red blood cell total porphyrins determined by ethyl acetate extraction (Piomelli extraction, R(2) = 0.88, P < 0.0001). These fluorescent species serves as biomarkers for alterations in Hb synthesis and Hb stability.
Science biography: A voyage round Newton

The last major private repository of manuscripts and correspondence by Isaac Newton and his circle was held in the extraordinary library at Shirburn Castle in Oxfordshire, UK, seat of the earls of Macclesfield. In the late 1970s, I sought access to the documents while pursuing a doctorate at the University of Oxford. I was politely, but firmly, refused. My mentor, Hugh Trevor-Roper, pleaded with the earl, who countered that the last time an Oxonian had entered the library, a book had gone missing. Trevor-Roper apologized on the university's behalf, and asked when the incident had occurred. “In 1747,” came the curt reply.
Effect of lattice hydroxyl on the phase transition and dielectric properties of barium titanate particles

Presence of the hydroxyls in the lattice is believed to be the major cause of the reduced tetragonality in the barium titanate ceramic powder. Commercial barium titanate that is known to be cubic in nature has been used in this study. This sub-micron powder is treated with N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinon (NMP) to obtain a tetragonal powder as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and the c/a ratio. The dielectric constant of a single particle of this NMP treated cubic powder is reported to be around 64% higher than the as-received cubic powder. To add weight to the hypothesis mentioned hitherto, simulation experiments have been performed by aging in acidic water, with a pH ∼ 3–4 and in basic water, with a pH ∼ 12–13. The as-received cubic barium titanate powder, calcined at different temperatures, has been aged in different pH conditions, acid and basic waters. Then the powder is further used for the characterization of electrical properties. The dielectric properties of the barium titante ceramic powder that is determined does depend inversely on the lattice OH content as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis and TGA results.
Thoracic outlet syndrome: influence of personal history and surgical technique on long-term results.

Long-term results after surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) are reviewed in terms of personal histories and surgical techniques.
Measurement and the analysis of burden

Past research on the concept of burden has failed to place it in the larger context of social interaction and small group analysis. This failure to integrate the concept into a more general area of knowledge prevents researchers from viewing burden as a product of dyadic interaction that is best studied over time. This article moves the concept and measurement of burden into a more general system of variables, showing that the issues of burden relating to the elderly and the mentally impaired are special cases. A model that accommodates the crucial element of time is presented for the conceptualization of burden and the analysis of antecedents and consequences.
Purulent nasal discharge

Purulent nasal discharge is a common presenting symptom associated with infections of the upper respiratory tract. The most likely diagnoses are uncomplicated viral upper respiratory infections and bacterial sinusitis. Allergy may be an underlying problem in children with sinusitis. Less common considerations are adenoiditis, infections caused by B. pertussis, C. diphtheriae or Treponema pallidum or intranasal structural problems.
Excitonic absorption in InGaP/GaAs multiquantum wells

Multiquantum well pin photodiodes have been fabricated using InGaP/GaAs grown by gas-source MBE. The room temperature photocurrent spectrum of the diodes exhibits strong excitonic absorption at wavelengths near 860 nm, and a large change in the photocurrent is observed with applied bias.
Finite element modeling of mitral leaflet tissue using a layered shell approximation

The current study presents a finite element model of mitral leaflet tissue, which incorporates the anisotropic material response and approximates the layered structure. First, continuum mechanics and the theory of layered composites are used to develop an analytical representation of membrane stress in the leaflet material. This is done with an existing anisotropic constitutive law from literature. Then, the concept is implemented in a finite element (FE) model by overlapping and merging two layers of transversely isotropic membrane elements in LS-DYNA, which homogenizes the response. The FE model is then used to simulate various biaxial extension tests and out-of-plane pressure loading. Both the analytical and FE model show good agreement with experimental biaxial extension data, and show good mutual agreement. This confirms that the layered composite approximation presented in the current study is able to capture the exponential stiffening seen in both the circumferential and radial directions of mitral leaflets.
Mid-Paleozoic age of the Roberts thrust unsettled by new data from northern Nevada

The Roberts thrust is a major thrust in Nevada on which Ordovician to Devonian siliceous facies rocks were carried more than 80 km eastward over contemporaneous carbonate facies. For more than two decades, a mid-Paleozoic age for this structure has been widely accepted. The bases for dating the thrust are (1) the assumption that the Roberts thrust formed at the time of the Antler orogeny—a reliably dated mid-Paleozoic event, and (2) the concept of an overlapping assemblage consisting of sedimentary strata deposited on both the allochthon and autochthon. The first assumption is unproved, and the second relies on another assumption: that the overlap assemblage was not cut and telescoped by the Roberts thrust. In the years since a mid-Paleozoic age for the Roberts thrust became widely accepted, much new information on the stratigraphy and facies relations of Mississippian rocks in northern Nevada has accumulated. One interpretation of these new data suggests that in the Pinon Range, where a mid-Paleozoic age for the thrust was most convincingly displayed, the overlap assemblage actually may have been cut by a major thrust that juxtaposed contrasting facies of Mississippian rocks. If so, the principal evidence used to date the Roberts thrust is compromised, and the time has come for an agonizing reappraisal of all evidence bearing on the question. A mid-Paleozoic age can no longer be taken for granted, and a post-Paleozoic age cannot be ruled out.
On Nelson-Aalen type estimation in the partial Koziol-Green model

In this paper, a Nelson–Aalen (NA) type estimator is derived and its sample properties are compared with the partial Abdushukurov–Cheng–Lin (PACL), generalized maximum likelihood (GMLE), and Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimators under the partial Koziol–Green model. These comparisons are made through Monto Carlo simulations under various sample sizes. The results indicate that the NA estimator always performs better than the KM estimator and is competitive with other estimators. Moreover, the PACL, GMLE, and NA estimators are shown to be asymptotically equivalent.
What Is Our Plan for Acute Unscheduled Care

The fundamental question of where patients with acute care needs should go for unscheduled care is left inadequately answered in the debate over health care reform. This commentary discusses the bu...
A characterization of P - and Q -polynomial association schemes

Abstract Let Y = (X, (Ri), 0⩽i⩽d) be a symmetric d-class association scheme, with intersection numbers pijh and Krein parameters qijh (0 ⩽ h, i, j ⩽ d), and for each i (0 ⩽ i ⩽ d) define the ith (reduced) intersection diagram Di (resp. representation diagram D i ∗ ) on the nodes 0, 1,…, d by drawing an undirected arc between any distinct h, j for which pijh > 0 (resp. qijh > 0). Y is called P-polynomial (resp. Q-polynomial) if some Di (resp. D i ∗ ) is a path. We obtain positive semi-definite matrices G(i) and G(i) ∗ (0 ⩽ i ⩽ d) that yield new inequalities for the pijh and qijh. We show for each i (0 ⩽ i ⩽ d), D i ∗ being a forest, the vanishing of G(i), and the existence of a certain geometric representation of X are all equivalent. A similar result relates G(i) ∗ and Di. Denoting by a leaf in any diagram a node adjacent to exactly one other, we show there is at most one leaf besides the O-node in any connected D i ∗ for a P-polynomial scheme. We combine this with the above results and get an interpretation of the Q-polynomial property for P-polynomial schemes. Finally, we use equations induced by the vanishing of some G(i) to obtain a simple proof of a theorem of D. Leonard, that the intersection numbers of a P- and Q-polynomial scheme can be found from 5 parameters.
Effect of Inunction of Alpha Estradiol and of Oral Medication with Pregneninolone upon Postmenopausal Human Uterus

Neustaedter (1), using 120 mg. of synthetic αestradiol and 900 to 1200 mg. of pregneninolone, both given by mouth, was able to produce proliferation and subsequent secretory changes in the endometrium of 6 women, ranging in age from 22 to 40 years, who had been surgically castrated. The present study was made to determine whether similar changes could be produced in women in the menopause after bleeding had ceased spontaneously for a considerable length of time, in these instances, from 1 to 7.5 years, and in whom marked atrophy of the uterus, cervix and vagina was present. Six patients were studied. AU had atrophic or resting endometrium prior to treatment. In 3 cases there was such a marked atrophy of the endometrium that it was impossible to obtain endometrial tissue for premedication biopsies, even after vigorous curettage. The patients were given an ointment containing 1 mg. of synthetic a-estradiol per gm. of ointment, and were instructed to use it by inunction, from 1 to 2 gm. daily for 1 month.
Reliability growth planning for discrete-use systems

In the recent past, the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force report on Developmental Test and Evaluation [1] revealed a significant increase in the number of DoD weapon system programs evaluated as not being operationally suitable. The primary reason is the lack of material readiness due to poor system Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (R AM). The report shows that nearly half of U.S. Army systems from 1997–2006 failed to demonstrate their established reliability requirements during Operational Testing. As a result of the DSB findings and associated DoD Reliability Improvement Working Group (RIWG) report [2], a series of department policies have been established that place increased emphasis not only on reliability growth planning and tracking, but also on reliability best practices [3], and reliability language for defense acquisition contracts [4, 5]. As such, it is now department policy [6, 7] “for programs to be formulated to execute a viable RAM strategy that includes a reliability growth program as an integral part of design and development.” The most recent policy [8] further stipulates, “For new or restructured programs DOTE (2) serve as a baseline against which demonstrated reliability values may be compared throughout a test program (for tracking purposes); and (3) illustrate and quantify the feasibility of a test program in achieving interim and final reliability goals. In particular, PM2-Discrete possesses a series of management metrics that may be used to assess the effectiveness of proposed RG programs. These metrics serve as concomitant measures of programmatic risk and system maturity that may also be assessed during testing for progress reporting purposes. A methodology overview and application of PM2-Discrete is given, as well as an abbreviated overview of relevant literature within the area of RG planning. Note that derivations of the model equations (not presented herein), are available and may be referenced in [9].
Hidden Markov models for modeling and recognizing gesture under variation

Conventional application of hidden Markov models to the task of recognizing human gesture may suffer from multiple sources of systematic variation in the sensor outputs. We present two frameworks based on hidden Markov models which are designed to model and recognize gestures that vary in systematic ways. In the first, the systematic variation is assumed to be communicative in nature, and the input gesture is assumed to belong to gesture family. The variation across the family is modeled explicity by the parametric hidden Markov model (PHMM). In the second framework, variation in the signal is overcome by relying on online learning rather than conventional offline, batch learning.
Sensitivity Problems in Biological and Environmental Counting

Analysis of biological and environmental samples differs from other physics applications in the need for very high sensitivity. A number of factors, including efficiency, geometry, resolution, and an interrelation of these, all affect sensitivity. An analysis, based on both experimental data and computations, indicates that in the range of equal detector volumes < 40 cm3, planar detectors are to be preferred over coaxial detectors due to their much better ability to quantitate data at energies below 500 keV without loss of performance at higher energies. For equal detector volumes in excess of 40 cm3, coaxial detectors may be preferred for high energy use due to their better resolution, but performance at lower energies will still favor the planar detectors.
Willy: A prize noble Ur-Fremdling—Its history and implications for the formation of Fremdlinge and CAI

A detailed mineralogic and chemical study of Willy, a very large (150 μm diameter) Fremdling from the Allende CAI 5241, was performed and compared to other Fremdlinge from Allende CAI's 5241 and TS-34 in an attempt to understand the nature and mode of formation of these exotic and complex objects. Willy is composed primarily of V-rich magnetite, V-rich fassaite, and Ni-Fe metal containing Co and Pt. Minor phases include an Fe-Ni-sulfide, V-rich spinel, scheelite (the first reported occurrence in a meteorite), and Cl-apatite. Phases found in trace amounts include nuggets of Os-Ru-Re metal, molybdenite, an unidentified Fe-, Mg-molybdate, and diopside. The Fremdling is concentrically zoned and contains a complex porous core of magnetite, metal, sulfide, scheelite, and other minor phases surrounded by a compact mantle of magnetite with minor apatite. The mantle is surrounded by a dense rim composed of fassaite with minor spinel that appears to be a typical occurrence around oxide-containing Fremdlinge. At the boundary between the fassaite-rim and the magnetite-mantle of Willy is a thin zone (<20 μm wide) of an apparent reaction assemblage consisting of V-rich MgAl_2O_4, FeAl_2O_4, and a third V-rich spinel, possibly FeV_2O_4, in intimate intergrowth. From the observed chemistry and texture, a multistage sequence of formation of Willy, possibly occurring in the solar nebula and involving major changes in T and fO_2, can be deduced. The first phases that may have formed in the interior are magnetite and an Fe or Ca tungstate. Refractory metal nuggets and sulfide were introduced after this stage followed by two stages of Ni-Fe formation during which Pt was dissolved in the metal. This was followed by formation of the magnetite mantle, introduction of apatite and possible alteration of ferberite to scheelite. Finally, the V-rich fassaite rim formed, accompanied or followed by reaction forming the complex Fe-, V-rich spinels. All of these steps preceded introduction of the Fremdling into the CAI precursor which in turn appears to have occurred prior to formation of spinel and the major silicate phases in the CAI. The concentric mineral zoning and texture of Willy may indicate that it is one of the few Fremdlinge that was not substantially recrystallized after having been captured in the CAI. It thus may represent the precursor material for many of the other Fremdlinge, since numerous Fremdlinge studied exhibit many of the mineral and chemical features observed in Willy. The co-existence of magnetite, sulfide, and Ni-Fe metal in the interior of Willy and the co-existence of metal, hercynite spinel and magnetite at the rimmantle boundary suggests that the maximum temperature at which Willy could have existed for long periods of time in its present state was about 500–600°C. Similarly, the existence of highly heterogeneous V-, Ti-rich fassaite rims around Willy and other Fremdlinge implies rapid cooling rates for the CAI's.