cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Behavior of Oxidation Stacking Faults During O2/NF3 Oxidation of Silicon

The behavior of oxidation—induced stacking faults(OSFs) during the O 2 /NF 3 oxidation of silicon has been investigated in the temperature range of 850–1100°C with varying concentration of NF 3 (0.011—0.044 vol%). In this study, we report the rapid and non-linear shrinkage of pregrown OSFs with time by a new oxidation process including small(ppm) additions of fluorine compound to the oxidant. It is also found that the shrinkage rate of OSF decreases as the oxidation time is increased. It is proposed that the fast OSF shrinkage is due to excessive vacancy flux as a result of the reaction of fluorine at the Si/SiO 2 interface during the initial transient state, and subsequently the shrinkage rate is reduced as the steady—state condition of vacancy—interstitial recombination is approached.
Sensitive Refractive Index Detection Using a Broad-Band Optical Ring Resonator

Broad-band operation is investigated as an alternative means of refractive index detection in an optical ring resonator. In this work, a liquid-core (LCORR, capillary-based) design is used. Optical ring resonators have been recently demonstrated for the detection of a wide variety of analytes, including DNA, viruses, proteins, chemical vapors, and pesticides. In the field of analytical chemistry, much of their value is in the ability to provide enhanced detection of surface analytes in small volumes. Conventional analysis methods that employ a single resonant wavelength and propagation mode are highly dependent on resonator quality. By utilizing the complex and variable response of a multiple-mode resonator and the simultaneous data of more than 40 resonance peaks, impressive results exceeding the single-mode prediction are produced from a very modest quality device. The presented methods also become attractive through the use of inexpensive LED light sources and common UV-vis spectrometers, as well as the ability to also take absorbance measurements without any physical configuration changes. Complex interference spectra are produced from the convolution of multiple wavelengths and modes. Two possible methods for analyzing this type of data are presented-one using Fourier transform deconvolution to extract resonance components from interference spectra, and another using chemometrics by constructing a partial least-squares model. Using isopropyl alcohol and water mixtures, detection limits are the order of 10(-6) RIU (refractive index units), comparable to existing ring resonators devices. To study surface detectability and biomolecule detection feasibility, surface adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also analyzed.
Cantharocybe, A New Genus of Agaricales

Goodwin, D. C. 1961. Morphogenesis of the sporangium of Comatricha. Anier. J. Bot. 48: 148-154. Jahn, E. 1928. Abteilung Myxomycetes (Mycetozoa, Phytosarcodina, Schleilmpilze, Pilztiere), pp. 304-339. In A. Engler und K. Prantl. Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Zweite Aufl., Band 2. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Link, J. H. F. 1833. Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am haufigsten vorkommenden Gewachse 3. Ordo Fungi, Subordo 6. Myxomycetes, pp. 405-422, 432-433. Berlin. Macbride, T. H. 1899. The North American slime molds. The MacMillan Co., N. Y. 231 pp. -. 1922. The North American slime molds, 2nd ed. The MacMillan Co., N. Y. 299 pp. Martin, G. W. 1961. Key to the families of fungi, pp. 497-517. In G. C. Ainsworth [ed.], Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the fungi, 5th ed. Commonwealth Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey. Martin, G. W., and C. J. Alexopoulos. 1969. The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 560 pp. Mims, C. 1972. A light and electron microscope study of sporulation in the myxomycete Stemonitis virginiensis. Protoplasma (In press.) Olive, L. S. 1970. The Mycetozoa: a revised classification. Bot. Rev. 36: 59-89. Ross, I. K. 1957. Capillitial formation in the Stemonitaceae. Mycologia 49: 809-819.
A Multi-perspective Analysis of a Special Class of Two-part Statement

This paper discusses a special class of two-part-statement style derived from the double objective sentences.Then the author makes a comprehensive analysis of this special sentence pattern from the body structure,Chinese-English related structure, ancient Chinese related structure.
Study on microcosmic mechanics performance/structure of NPPE propellant/liner bonded interface

The diversities of microcosmic mechanical performance/structure in different bonded interface of NEPE propellant/liner and the rule of bonded performance and breakage modes were studied.The inhesion correlations between microcosmic mechanical performance/structure with breakage mode were researched.The prelimary failure mode of NEPE propellant/liner was put forward.The experimental results show that microcosmic mechanical performance/structure has inhesion correlation with the quality of interface and it is the main factor which affects interface failure mode.The bonding quality is good and failure occurs in cohesion breakage when the bonded interface has high modulus,high hardness layer and high content of N element with distinct gradient change.Otherwise,the failure occurs in mixed breakage or interface breakage.The modulus and hardness and the content in N element in bonded interface decreases distinctly during the aging process,and the failure occurs in cohesion breakage and mixed breakage and interface breakage in turn.
Research on the Water-flooded Zone Identification and Evaluation Method of Putaohua Layer in Shengping Oilfield

Against the current situation of entering middle or high water cut of Shengping oilfield explored by injection,started from the porosity and permeability characters of Putaohua layer,the resistivity curve and spontaneous potential curve feature of water-flooded layers in area are summarized,drew up standard to identify the waterflooded layers qualitatively combining the vertical variation of logging curves under the characteristics of formation resistivity reduce along of water saturation increase and the baseline offset of spontaneous potential curve.On this basis,suiting area method system be also established to evaluate water-flooded layers quantitatively,by set up the models of phase permeability,irreducible water and residual oil saturation,water production calculation etc,and verified using confined core data of Well Sheng29-J17,and the logging interpretation results coincided with the core data and watery situation in early production stage.
Sodium-potssum tmulated ATPase activity of mammalian hemolysates: clinical observations and ominance of ATPase deficiency in the potassium polymorphism of sheep.

Abstract A simple method for the assay of ouabain-sensitive (sodium-potassium stimulated) and insensitive ATPase activities in whole hemolysates of man and sheep is presented. Variables influencing the assay were studied. The activities of both enzymes were markedly elevated in acquired hemolytic anemia of humans. The enzyme activities were normal in a case of hereditary spherocytosis previously treated by spleuectomy and in a case of inherited elevated erythrocytic ATP. Interesting genetic and ontogenetic variation in sensitive ATPase activity, related to intracellular potassium content, has been observed in red cells of sheep and cattle. The dominant gene which results in erythrocytes with a low potassium content in sheep, also is dominant in producing a low activity of sensitive ATPase. All young lambs, even those of low potassium genotype, have high sensitive ATPase activity, in keeping with a relatively high potassium content in the erythrocytes of lambs of all genotypes. Cattle uniformly have low potassium erythrocytes, and all have a very low activity of sensitive ATPase. The calf, like the lamb, has high potassium erythrocytes and high sensitive ATPase activity. It appears that the fetal environment of mammals, for reasons that are not clear, requires an erythrocyte with a high level of potassium, while in some adult mammals low levels of intraerythrocytic potassium may be present. Further, it seems that high levels of intraerythrocytic potassium in mammals are invariably accompanied by relatively high levels of sensitive ATPase activity.
Retinal Ganglion Cell and Inner Plexiform Layer Loss Correlate with Visual Acuity Loss in LHON: A Longitudinal, Segmentation OCT Analysis

Purpose Describe changes in the retina as vision loss progresses in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) autosegmentation, and determine if relationship exists between retinal changes and vision loss. Methods From patient records we identified nine LHON patients who underwent periodic neuro-ophthalmologic examinations and high-resolution SD-OCT as part of their care. We describe the impact of LHON progression on each retinal layer, and the relationship between these structural changes and visual acuity using generalized estimating equations and nonparametric tests. Results The thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) decreased immediately or soon after symptom onset, and this decrease was associated with worsening vision: in the GCL a 1-mm3 volume loss was associated with a 3.2 increase in logMAR visual acuity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-4.1); in the IPL a 1-mm3 volume loss was associated with a 4.9 increase in visual acuity (95%CI: 6.5-3.2). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) also thinned, but not until after the GCL and IPL, and only in the papillomacular bundle (PMB) and temporal layers was thinning associated with vision loss. Conclusions For the first time these analyses describe a structure-function relationship between the retinal changes that occur in LHON patients as their disease progresses and vision worsens. The structural changes in the GCL, IPL, and RNFL preceded structural changes in the other retinal layers. This analysis suggests that the first 6 months after diagnosis define a target for therapeutic intervention, and this can inform treatment guidelines for ongoing therapeutic trials.
Protein Kinase C and Regulation of the Na+−H+ Antiporter Activity During Fertilization of the Sea Urchin Egg

The sea urchin egg is poised to initiate or accelerate a number of metabolic activities, which are quite different in kind. These changes in activities during fertilization have been causally linked to changes in intracellular ion activities (Whitaker and Steinhardt 1985), in particular, the transient increase in internal Ca2+ activity (Steinhardt and Epel 1974; Chambers et al. 1974; Steinhardt et al. 1977) and the rise in cytoplasmic pH (Epel et al. 1974; Johnson et al. 1976; Shen and Steinhardt 1978). The importance of these ionic changes is readily evident by their dramatic effects when imposed on eggs. Successful embryogenesis has been reported with parthenogenetic activation of sea urchin eggs with agents that raise internal Ca2+ activity and cytoplasmic pH (Brandriff et al. 1975). The activating capabilities of these parthenogenetic treatments are well documented for a wide variety of marine invertebrates (Shen 1983). A reason for continuing interests in the dual ionic signal associated with fertilization is the observations of similar dual ionic signal being a characteristic of many mitogenic stimulation of mammalian cells in culture (Hesketh et al. 1985, 1988; Moolenaar et al. 1986). There are many observations suggesting intracellular Ca+2 transient acts as a primary trigger for cell growth (Whitfield et al. 1980; Campbell 1983; Hesketh et al. 1985). More recently, increase in intracellular pH through activation of Na+−H+ antiporter during growth stimulation has been demonstrated (Moolenaar et al. 1986; Soltoff and Cantley 1988).
Characterization of nitrated sugar alcohols by atmospheric‐pressure chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry

RATIONALE The nitrated sugar alcohols mannitol hexanitrate (MHN), sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) and xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) are in the same class of compounds as the powerful military-grade explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) but, unlike for PETN and ETN, ways to detect MHN, SHN and XPN by mass spectrometry (MS) have not been fully investigated. METHODS Atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used to detect ions characteristic of nitrated sugar alcohols. APCI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (APCI-TOF MS) and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS) were used for confirmation of each ion assignment. In addition, the use of the chemical ionization reagent dichloromethane was investigated to improve sensitivity and selectivity for detection of MHN, SHN and XPN. RESULTS All the nitrated sugar alcohols studied followed similar fragmentation pathways in the APCI source. MHN, SHN and XPN were detectable as fragment ions formed by the loss of NO2 , HNO2 , NO3 , and CH2 NO2 groups, and in the presence of dichloromethane chlorinated adduct ions were observed. It was determined that in MS/MS mode, chlorinated adducts of MHN and SHN had the lowest limits of detection (LODs), while for XPN the lowest LOD was for the [XPN-NO2 ]- fragment ion. Partially nitrated analogs of each of the three compounds were also present in the starting materials, and ions attributable to these compounds versus those formed from in-source fragmentation of MHN, SHN, and XPN were distinguished and assigned using liquid chromatography APCI-MS and ESI-MS. CONCLUSIONS The APCI-MS technique provides a selective and sensitive method for the detection of nitrated sugar alcohols. The methods disclosed here will benefit the area of explosives trace detection for counterterrorism and forensics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Stage—Specific Demographic Parameters for Zooplankton Populations: Methods Based on Stage—Classified Matrix Projection Models

Our understanding of zooplankton dynamics is constrained by the difficulty of estimating stage-specific vital rates from field data. In this paper, we approach demographic estimation as an inverse problem, using stage-classified matrix projection models. We allow the vital rates to vary between stages and over time, and do not assume stable age distributions or that discrete cohorts can be identified. We obtain least-squares estimates of survival and growth probabilities, which can be obtained from as few as three consecutive censuses. However, the estimates are ill-conditioned in the presence of sampling noise. Two regularization methods, truncated singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization (ridge regression) are examined as possible solutions.
Information Visualizations Used to Avoid the Problem of Overfitting in Supervised Machine Learning

This paper will look at what types of information graphics and visualizations can support supervised Machine Learning tasks: in essence, how to support the problem of model validation and model overfitting. In particular, I look, graphically, at model performance as a function of model complexity. With an appropriate information graphic, we can visualize at what point the model becomes too complex and starts to deteriorate in performance because of model overfitting. I will look at two actual case studies—the first, a regression task using polynomial regression and the second, a classification problem using neural networks. I create information graphics, in particular fitting graphs, to support the end-user in visualizing which model is the best choice.
Mechanistic Differences in the Uptake of Salicylic Acid Glucose Conjugates by Vacuolar Membrane-Enriched Vesicles Isolated From Arabidopsis Thaliana

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone involved in a number of physiological responses including both local and systemic resistance of plants to pathogens. In Arabidopsis, SA is glucosylated to form either SA 2-O-β-d-glucose (SAG) or SA glucose ester (SGE). In this study, we show that SAG accumulates in the vacuole of Arabidopsis, while the majority of SGE was located outside the vacuole. The uptake of SAG by vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from Arabidopsis was stimulated by the addition of MgATP and was inhibited by both vanadate (ABC transporter inhibitor) and bafilomycin A1 (vacuolar H+ -ATPase inhibitor), suggesting that SAG uptake involves both an ABC transporter and H+ -antiporter. Despite its absence in the vacuole, we observed the MgATP-dependent uptake of SGE by Arabidopsis vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles. SGE uptake was not inhibited by vanadate but was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and gramicidin D providing evidence that uptake was dependent on an H+ -antiporter. The uptake of both SAG and SGE was also inhibited by quercetin and verapamil (two known inhibitors of multidrug efflux pumps) and salicin and arbutin. MgATP-dependent SAG and SGE uptake exhibited Michaelis-Menten-type saturation kinetics. The vacuolar enriched-membrane vesicles had a 46-fold greater affinity and a 10-fold greater transport activity with SGE than with SAG. We propose that in Arabidopsis, SAG is transported into the vacuole to serve as a long-term storage form of SA while SGE, although also transported into the vacuole, is easily hydrolyzed to release the active hormone which can then be remobilized to other cellular locations.
Effects of Sex of Teacher and Schedule of Child’s Correct Responses on Teaching Behavior

The reinforcing behaviors of 25 female and 15 male college students were studied using an analog social interaction situation developed by Berberich (1971). The subject taught a simulated “child” to drop marbles through the correct one of four tubes by varying the use of two different colored marbles. The child gave a correct response when the subject used the correct reinforcer marble on the previous trial. The acquisition criterion was 10 correct marbles for 10 consecutive correct responses from the child. Fifty trials of extinction were given to those subjects who reached the acquisition criterion within 100 trials. Ten of 15 females and 4 of 15 males reached the acquisition criterion within 100 trials, when reinforced by the child for every correct marble. Ten females were reinforced by the child on a 50% partial reinforcement schedule, and two of these reached the acquisition criterion. These two subjects gave more responses in extinction than those females who had reached the acquisition criterion in the continuous reinforcement condition. Sex differences in responsiveness to “child effects” were discussed.
Decomposing qubit positive-operator-valued measurements into continuous destructive weak measurements

It has been shown that any generalized measurement can be decomposed into a sequence of weak measurements corresponding to a stochastic process. However, the weak measurements may require almost arbitrary unitaries, which are unlikely to be realized by any real measurement device. Furthermore, many measurement processes are destructive, like photon counting procedures that terminate once all photons are consumed. One cannot expect to have full control of the evolution of a state under such destructive measurements, and the possible unitaries allow only a limited set of weak measurements. In this paper, we consider a qubit model of destructive weak measurements, which is a toy version of an optical cavity, in which the state of an electromagnetic field mode inside the cavity leaks out and is measured destructively while the vacuum state $|0\ensuremath{\rangle}$ leaks into the cavity. At long times, the state of the qubit inevitably evolves to be $|0\ensuremath{\rangle}$, and the only available control is the choice of measurement on the external ancilla system. Surprisingly, this very limited model can still perform an arbitrary projective measurement on the qubit in any basis, where the probability of getting an outcome satisfies the usual Born rule. Combining this method with probabilistic postprocessing, the result can be extended to any generalized measurement with commuting positive-operator-valued measurement (POVM) elements. This implies, among other results, that any two-outcome POVM on a qubit can be decomposed into a sequence of destructive weak measurements by this restricted measurement device.
Response Rates for Surveys Completed With Paper-and-Pencil and Computers: Using Meta-Analysis to Assess Equivalence

The increasing number of self-report surveys being collected using computers has led to a body of literature examining the response rates for computerized surveys compared with the more traditional...
Remarks on Human Nature in Plato

The word nature is ambiguous and has undergone various shifts in meaning during its long history. Perhaps the most important of these shifts is that which distinguishes the predominantly classical sense of phusis or natura as divine from the typical modern conception of nature as res extenso or in other words as extension or body in contrast with mind, soul, or spirit. In all epochs going back to classical antiquity, nature has been defined by way of contrast with or opposition to an antonym. The most important of which I am aware are nomos or custom, techne or art, soul, intellect, spirit and history. Each of these antonyms is itself ambiguous and admits of various senses. On the whole, however, it does seem possible to detect a common theme in the diverse understandings of the term “nature.” To borrow an expression from Aristotle, nature is that which happens always or for the most part. This is so whether we think of nature as divine or lifeless. Custom, art, and history are all changing.
American standards for UV-protective textiles.

During the last 3 years, three standard documents that pertain to the testing and labeling of UV-protective textile products have been published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC). The titles of these documents, which are available for purchase at www.astm.org and www.aatcc.org are: ASTM D 6544 "Standard Practice for the Preparation of Textiles Prior to UV Transmission Testing", AATCC 183 "Test Method for Transmittance or Blocking of Erythemally Weighted Ultraviolet Radiation Through Fabrics", and ASTM 6603 "Standard Guide to Labeling of UV-protective Textiles". This chapter summarizes the content of each document and shows how the documents are linked together to make a comprehensive plan for the testing and labeling of UV-protective textile products to be sold in the United States. It also describes the intended future work in the United States on UV-protective textile standards.
Differences in the Associations Between Memory Complaints and Depressive Symptoms Among Black and White Older Adults

Objective To test whether race (specifically Black or White) moderates the relationship between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal older adults, and if these relationships vary by memory complaint characteristics. Methods Data from Black (n = 551) and White (n = 1,158) cognitively intact participants (Mage = 77.1, SD = 7.5; 76.6% female) in the Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project were used. Participants completed annual clinical evaluations, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and two memory complaint questions, over periods of up to 18 years. Ordinal mixed effects models were used to examine within-person relationships between memory complaints and depressive symptoms over time, as well as whether race moderated these associations. Results Reports of greater memory change over time were associated with more depressive symptoms for both Black and White older adults. However, reports of greater frequency of memory problems were related to depressive symptoms for Black older adults only. Conclusion Findings suggest differential associations between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal Black and White older adults and call for future research to examine the influence of race and related factors on memory complaints and depressive symptoms.
Discovering a Library of Rhythmic Gaits for Spherical Tensegrity Locomotion

Tensegrity robots, which combine both rigid and soft elements, provide exciting new locomotion capabilities but introduce significant control challenges given their high-dimensionality and non-linear nature. This work first defines an effective parameterization of a spherical tensegrity for generating rhythmic gaits based on Central Pattern Generators (cp G). This allows the definition of periodic and rhythmic control signals, while exposing only five gait parameters. Then, this work proposes a framework for optimizing such gaits by exploring the parameter space through Bayesian Optimization on an underlying Gaussian Process regression model. The objective is to provide gaits that allow the platform to move along different directions with high velocity. Additionally, kNN binary classifiers are trained to estimate whether a parameter sample will result in an effective gait. The classification biases the sampling toward subspaces likely to yield effective gaits. An asynchronous communication layer is defined between the optimization and classification processes. The proposed gait discovery process is shown to efficiently optimize the parameters of gaits defined given the novel CPG architecture and outperforms less holistic approaches and Monte Carlo sampling.
Thinking in Dewey's Experimentalist Education: The Contribution of the Internet and Digital Tools:

Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to explain how the introduction of the Internet and digital tools renews and enriches John Dewey's experimentalist model for teaching and learning with particul...
Edge importance in a network via line graphs and the matrix exponential

This paper is concerned with the identification of important edges in a network, in both their roles as transmitters and receivers of information. We propose a method based on computing the matrix exponential of a matrix associated with a line graph of the given network. Both undirected and directed networks are considered. Edges may be given positive weights. Computed examples illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Budgeting for hospital building maintenance

(1964). Budgeting for hospital building maintenance. Hospital Topics: Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 69-71.
Prediction of the virus incubation period for COVID-19 and future outbreaks

Abstract A crucial factor in mitigating respiratory viral outbreaks is early determination of the duration of the incubation period and, accordingly, the required quarantine time for potentially exposed individuals. Here, we explore different genomic features of RNA viruses that correlate with the incubation times and provide a predictive model that accurately estimates the upper limit incubation time for diverse viruses including SARS-CoV-2, and thus, could help control future outbreaks.
Systematic Uncertainty of Standard Sirens from the Viewing Angle of Binary Neutron Star Inspirals.

The independent measurement of the Hubble constant with gravitational-wave standard sirens will potentially shed light on the tension between the local distance ladders and Planck experiments. Therefore, thorough understanding of the sources of systematic uncertainty for the standard siren method is crucial. In this Letter, we focus on two scenarios that will potentially dominate the systematic uncertainty of standard sirens. First, simulations of electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers suggest aspherical emissions, so the binaries available for the standard siren method can be selected by their viewing angles. This selection effect can lead to $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2%$ bias in Hubble constant measurement even with mild selection. Second, if the binary viewing angles are constrained by the electromagnetic counterpart observations but the bias of the constraints is not controlled under $\ensuremath{\sim}10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, the resulting systematic uncertainty in the Hubble constant will be $g3%$. In addition, we find that both of the systematics cannot be properly removed by the viewing angle measurement from gravitational-wave observations. Comparing to the known dominant systematic uncertainty for standard sirens, the $\ensuremath{\le}2%$ gravitational-wave calibration uncertainty, the effects from the viewing angle appear to be more significant. Therefore, the systematic uncertainty from the viewing angle might be a major challenge before the standard sirens can resolve the tension in the Hubble constant, which is currently $\ensuremath{\sim}9%$.
Mixed type boundary value problems for Laplace–Beltrami equation on a surface with the Lipschitz boundary

The purpose of the present research is to investigate a general mixed type boundary value problem for the Laplace–Beltrami equation on a surface with the Lipschitz boundary &#119966; in the non-classical setting when solutions are sought in the Bessel potential spaces \mathbb{H}^{s}_{p}(\mathcal{C}), \frac{1}{p}, 1. Fredholm criteria and unique solvability criteria are found. By the localization, the problem is reduced to the investigation of model Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary value problems for the Laplace equation in a planar angular domain \Omega_{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{R}^{2} of magnitude &#120572;. The model mixed BVP is investigated in the earlier paper [R. Duduchava and M. Tsaava, Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a model 2D angular domain, Georgian Math. J.27 (2020), 2, 211–231], and the model Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems are studied in the non-classical setting. The problems are investigated by the potential method and reduction to locally equivalent 2\times 2 systems of Mellin convolution equations with meromorphic kernels on the semi-infinite axes \mathbb{R}^{+} in the Bessel potential spaces. Such equations were recently studied by R. Duduchava [Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces with admissible meromorphic kernels, Mem. Differ. Equ. Math. Phys.60 (2013), 135–177] and V. Didenko and R. Duduchava [Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl.443 (2016), 2, 707–731].
Alleviating Chaos Utilizing A Multidisciplinary Approach To Incorporate Heart Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System® Into Practice

Background A new technology known as Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System® (MMDx) uses microarrays to analyze RNA transcripts of transplanted heart tissue and provides sophisticated differentiation amongst cellular mediated rejection (TCMR), antibody mediated rejection (ABMR), injury and healthy tissue. Yet, incorporation of this new data into practice can be challenging. We report the results from our single center experience. Methods Endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) and corresponding MMDx results from 65 adult heart transplant patients from our single center were retrospectively reviewed. Rejection by EMB was defined as TCMR greater than 1R and/or ABMR greater than pAMR0 utilizing ISHLT grading schematics. Results A total of 97 specimen results were reviewed. There was concordant findings between the EMB and MMDx in 83.5% (81/97) of the specimens. Of the 81 specimens, 76 of those were negative for rejection on both tests and 5 had positive EMB for ABMR/TCMR with correlating MMDx suggestive of rejection. There was a discordance in 16.5% (16/97) of specimens reviewed. Of the 16 specimens, 15 had negative EMB with the MMDx concerning for rejection. One of the 16 patients had a positive EMB however the MMDX was consistent with healthy tissue. These complex cases with discordant data were reviewed during our multi-disciplinary meeting which includes transplant cardiologists, coordinators, APPs, pharmacists, pathologists and immunology partners to adjudicate further management. The team approached each case individually, reviewing other factors such clinical symptoms, graft function by TTE, hemodynamics, cell-free DNA and donor specific antibodies when available. For five discordant patients with negative EMB and concerning MMDx, the team favored treatment for rejection if there were other corresponding factors present such as high cell-free DNA or clinical symptoms. For one patient admitted with clinic concerns for rejection aggressive treatment had already been initiated prior to positive EMB and negative MMDx being available. For the remaining patients with negative EMB and positive MMDx we advocated for a second round of data, including repeat biopsy and continued surveillance, before deciding on course of treatment for rejection. Conclusion MMDx is an additional tool to provide potentially more accuracy in patient diagnoses but should be utilized in combination with all other diagnostic data. In the cases of conflicting findings, a multi-disciplinary approach should be used to discuss further steps. Larger studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch Versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass at a High-Volume Community Hospital: a Retrospective Cohort Study from a Rural Setting

The classic duodenal switch (DS) represents a minority of bariatric procedures due to its high complexity and potential for complications. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 100 laparoscopic DS cases from 2014 to 2018 at an accredited program in a rural community hospital and compared to 100 laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (RYGB). Primary outcomes were 30-day morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included anastomotic leak and remission of type 2 diabetes. There were more demographic risk factors for DS. The 30-day morbidity was higher for DS compared to RYGB (31% vs 13%, respectively; p = 0.0037). There was one mortality for DS and none for RYGB. There were statistically significant longer intraoperative times, greater EBL, and greater decrease in BMI for DS. The DS had a lower incidence of anastomotic ulcers (4% vs 13%, respectively; p = 0.0289), with a higher incidence of subsequent surgery beyond 30 days (21% vs 8%, respectively; p = 0.0160). There were 3 anastomotic leaks for DS and none for RYGB, although not statistically significant (p = 0.2463). The DS was more likely to eradicate hypertension, but the RYGB was more likely to eradicate GERD. There were no statistically significant differences for type 2 diabetes remission (92.1% vs 89.5%, respectively; p = 0.7239). Laparoscopic DS offers greater weight loss and hypertension remission, with lower incidence of anastomotic ulcers, but at the expense of greater morbidity and need for subsequent surgery, with no significant differences in type 2 diabetes remission when compared to RYGB in a rural community hospital program.
Two Damping Mechanisms in the Chemically Enhanced Raman Scattering on Graphene: DFT Study

In the search for new nanoscale spectroscopic capabilities, we simulated Raman scattering at the interface between a physisorbed organic molecule tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and graphene. The s...
Global Impact of E-learning during COVID 19

The present study emphasizes the global impact of the e-learning process during COVID 19. The implementation of lockdown and social distancing has been enforced as one of the preventive measures to spread the coronavirus infection which has resulted in complete paralysis of global activities. Especially the education system which is completely shut and to proceed with the academic curriculum, there is a shift from the regular learning process to electronic learning. This can be cited with an increased number of online classes, conferences, meetings, etc. It can be noted that the world is completely dependent on information technologies during this crisis. Hence, the present study provides an insight into the process of electronic learning and its advantages along with the updated version of its usage. To best of our knowledge, there have been scanty scientific reports on this particular situation of the impact of e-learning during COVID 19. The present study is a compilation of the components of e-learning tools along with the future perspective on education using information science.
The Price of Decentralization: Event-Driven Optimization for Multiagent Persistent Monitoring Tasks

In persistent monitoring tasks, the objective is to control the movements of cooperating agents in order to minimize an uncertainty metric associated with a finite number of targets. We formulate an optimal control problem and show that the optimal solution can be reduced to or approximated by parametric agent trajectory families. The behavior of agents and targets under optimal control can be described by a hybrid system. This enables the use of infinitesimal perturbation analysis to obtain an online centralized solution through a gradient-based algorithm. We identify conditions under which this centralized solution to the parametric optimization problems can be recovered in a decentralized and event-driven manner. In the decentralized scheme, each agent optimizes its performance based on local information, except for one type of nonlocal event requiring communication from a nonneighbor agent, giving rise to a quantifiable “price of decentralization.” Simulation examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of this “almost decentralized” optimization algorithm and compare it to its fully decentralized counterpart where the aforementioned nonlocal event is ignored.
Surgical Site Infection After Dermatologic Procedures: Critical Reassessment of Risk Factors and Reappraisal of Rates and Causes

While rates are low, surgical site infections are the most common complication of dermatologic surgery. Surgical site infections have important consequences including impairment of wound healing, suboptimal cosmetic outcome, hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and rarely, systemic infection. It is imperative to understand the risk factors and existing preventative measures to minimize the development of infection. This article reviews the available literature regarding surgical site infections following dermatologic procedures, to evaluate the standard of diagnosis and role of wound culture, risk factors, mimicking conditions, and significance of antibiotic prophylaxis. We offer a critical reassessment of the current literature on risk factors and reappraisal of infection rates to promote evidence-based patient care. We conclude that the strongest evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus is likely associated with increased surgical site infections. Immunosuppression is often clinically considered a risk factor; however, the evidence is mixed. In general the addition of antibiotics does not confer benefit except in high-risk sites. Conclusively, Mohs micrographic surgery has been proven safe in office and inpatient settings. We agree that sterile glove use for simple procedures is likely not a significant factor in the development of surgical site infections; however, we hypothesize that the overall sterile technique and setting may play a role in longer and/or more complex procedures.
Individual Differences & Task Attention in Cybersickness: A Call for a Standardized Approach to Data Sharing

Cybersickness research has lacked a focus on individual differences, particularly in the phases of cybersickness after initial sensitivity: the rate of adaptation during the stimulus, the rate of recovery after the stimulus, and the rate of habituation. Additionally, research has neglected the exploration of the impact of a task’s attentional load on cybersickness. Finally, addressing these gaps within the cybersickness research community could be more effective if more standardized, "menu-driven" experimental protocols could be agreed upon, as well as a set of reporting standards to expedite a deeper understanding of cybersickness.
Incremental Peritoneal Dialysis

Home dialysis utilization is increasing in the United States, and in many countries home dialysis is the primary form of dialysis for the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population. As incident ESKD patients begin dialysis, most patients started on conventional continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), or thrice-weekly hemodialysis (HD) prescriptions. Incremental peritoneal dialysis (PD) is defined as a PD prescription that uses fewer exchanges per day, fewer days per week, or a dry abdomen for some portion of the day while incorporating residual kidney function (RKF) to maintain adequacy in dialysis. As clinicians use incremental PD for incident ESKD patients, potential benefits include maintenance of RKF, improved quality of life, decreased dextrose exposure to the peritoneal membrane, and less cost. This chapter will review the benefits and disadvantages to utilizing an incremental PD prescription for the ESKD patient.
Machine learning bioactive compound solubilities in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract The supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) is one of promising solvents for supercritical fluid extraction. The solubility of bioactive compounds in the sc-CO2 is an important factor in designing the extraction process. Obtaining solubility data by experiments requires a large amount of resource and manpower. A model is highly sought if it is simple and can apply to a wide selection of solutes. We develop the Gaussian process regression model to study the relationship among the solute molecular weight, solute melting point, temperature, pressure, sc-CO2 density, and solubilities of 30 bioactive compounds in more than 1,000 scenarios. The model manifests a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast low-cost estimations of solubilities of a variety of bioactive compounds.
P03.07 Analysis of scRNAseq from the human thymus nominates genes potentially missing from central tolerance of cytotoxic T cells

Background During thymic development, cytotoxic T cells that can bind to and attack self antigens undergo negative selection thus preventing damage to the self tissues. The sparse medullar thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) present in the thymus are responsible for presenting self antigens to T cells so that they can trigger apoptosis or differentiation into non-cytotoxic lineages if they bind too strongly. Materials and Methods Understanding gene expression in mTECs is essential for understanding the shape of the human T cell receptor repertoire, which is key for current and emerging cancer immunotherapies. Recent availability of human thymus single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) data provides an extremely high-resolution view into the pattern of expression within this critical cell type. To determine which epitopes have had to opportunity to be presented during T cell negative selection, we analyzed the human thymus scRNAseq dataset to establish which genes are expressed in mTECs and therefore subject to central tolerance. Results The coverage of the whole transcriptome of a particular cell is generally sparse. It is therefore difficult to understand basic features of individual cells or cell types such as how many genes are expressed. We used cell- and read-level subsampling to estimate whether a sufficient number of cells and reads had been captured to support categorizing a gene as non-expressed in mTECs. We also examined the expression of the genes not expressed in mTECs in other healthy tissues, and found their expression was almost exclusively restricted to the testis (an immune-privileged site) and the liver (a site of peripheral tolerance) Conclusions Altogether, these analyses establish a strategy for determining if a data set has sufficient depth to estimate the total number of genes expressed and secondly define a key list of genes that are not expressed during central tolerization of T cells, which represent a compelling list of possible cancer immunotherapy targets. Disclosure Information L. Blumenberg: A. Employment (full or part-time); Significant; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. G. Atwal: A. Employment (full or part-time); Significant; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. A. Dhanik: A. Employment (full or part-time); Significant; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
Localization of Ultrasonic Flaws using Grid Based Deep Learning

In many NDE applications, accurate localization of Ultrasonic echoes can be an important first step for further characterization tasks, including estimation, detection and classification. This is especially critical for a generalized classifier pipeline which can handle multi-class flaw analysis without additional supervised training steps. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find a localization algorithm which can localize and find a bounding box for reflections of a void (flaw) in raw ultrasonic B-scan data. The proposed Grid Based Localization (GBL) algorithm is a regression method which uses Deep Learning (DL) to find the bounding box for the grid structure. Results demonstrate more robust performance than conventional contour-based techniques and the algorithm is suitable for combining with generalized DL classifier algorithms such as Meta Learning.
Predicting relational security among early adolescent girls Parental relationships and romantic experiences

The current study used multiple informants to examine the impact of relationship experiences with parents and romantic partners on relational security among early adolescent girls, over a 1-year period. Seventy-one early adolescent girls and their primary caregivers participated at Time 1 and 1 year later (Time 2). Findings suggest that both parental and romantic relationship experiences impact relational security during early adolescence. The most consistent findings from the current study were the ability of romantic rejection to alter the relational security of early adolescent girls as well as the importance of parent–adolescent attachment security in predicting comfort with intimacy.
Effect of retinoic acid on cell surface glycopeptides of cultured spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T12–3 cells)

Previous work has shown that treatment of poorly adhesive, spontaneously transformed 3T12 fibroblasts with active retinoids greatly increases their adhesion to the culture dish surface. Inasmuch as vitamin A enhances the biosynthesis of glycoproteins, we investigated whether the increased adhesion was simultaneous with an effect on incorporation of monosaccharides into glycoproteins. Gel filtration analysis of the total cellular glycopeptides showed [2-3H]mannose to be incorporated into a minor component (Fraction I) with an approximate molecular weight of 2100 and a major component (Fraction II) with an approximate molecular weight of 1500. The same [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycopeptides (Fractions I and II) were also obtained from the cell surface of 3T12 cells by short pronase treatment. [5,6-3H]Fucose was incorporated only into Fraction I of the cell surface glycopeptides. Cell surface glycopeptides were enriched in Fraction I as compared with the total cellular material, which contained mostly Fraction II. Retinoic acid caused an increase in adhesion of the cells and a 58% increase in the amount of mannose incorporated into total cellular glycoproteins. Moreover, this retinoid caused a relative increase in the amount of mannose incorporated into cell surface Fraction I, but it did not affect appreciably the ratio of Fraction I to Fraction II in the total cellular extract. Characterization of glycopeptides (Fractions I and II) was conducted using exo- and endoglycosidase treatment, as well as affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. From these studies, Fraction I was concluded to be of the “complex” type, i.e. , of the type containing, in addition to di- N -acetylchitobiose and mannose, N -acetylglucosamine, galactose, sialic acid, and, occasionally, fucose. Fraction II was found to be of the “polymannose” type, i.e. , of the type containing di- N -acetylchitobiose and a polymannose chain. It is suggested that the effect of retinoic acid on cellular adhesion may well be related to its effect on the biosynthesis of cell surface glycoconjugates.