cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise and consolidation of fear extinction learning among women with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract This study tested whether aerobic exercise delivered during the consolidation window following fear extinction learning reduces the return of fear among women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants (n=35) completed an initial clinical assessment followed by a 3-day fear acquisition, extinction, and recall protocol. On day 1, participants completed a fear acquisition training task in which one geometric shape (conditioning stimulus; CS+) was paired (with 50% probability) with a mild electric shock (unconditioned stimulus; US), while a different shape (CS-) was never paired with the US. On day 2 (24 h later), participants completed a fear extinction training task in which the CS+ no longer predicted administration of the US. Shortly following extinction, participants were randomly assigned to complete either moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (EX) or a light-intensity exercise control (CON) condition. On day 3 (24 h later), participants completed fear recall tests assessing the return of fear (spontaneous recovery, renewal, and reinstatement). Fear responding was assessed via threat expectancy ratings and skin conductance responses (SCR). In the threat expectancy ratings, there were no significant differences between groups in spontaneous recovery; however, EX significantly (p=.02) reduced threat expectancy ratings following reinstatement relative to CON. In SCR measures, there were no significant differences between groups in spontaneous recovery, renewal, or reinstatement. These results support a role for moderate-intensity aerobic exercise during the consolidation window in reducing threat expectations following reinstatement in women with PTSD. Research should continue to examine exercise as a potential method for improving the efficacy of exposure-based therapies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04113798.
A Review of Comprehensive Applied Sport Psychology.

Jim Taylor, Ph.D., Psychology, is an internationally recognized authority on the psychology of sport and parenting. He has consulted with athletes, coaches, and parents in tennis, skiing, cycling, ...
Recurrent Pulmonary Hemangioblastoma

Abstract Hemangioblastomas (HB) are generally benign, central nervous tumors of uncertain histogenesis. Peripheral hemangioblastomas have been reported in the peripheral nerves, soft tissue, retroperitoneum, skin, liver, pancreas, lung, adrenal gland, kidney, and urinary bladder. We report a case of a solitary hemangioblastoma of the lung with local recurrence after 15 years, with a review of important differential diagnoses.
Applied Linear Models with SAS

This textbook for a second course in basic statistics for undergraduates or first-year graduate students introduces linear regression models and describes other linear models including Poisson regression, logistic regression, proportional hazards regression, and nonparametric regression. Numerous examples drawn from the news and current events with an emphasis on health issues illustrate these concepts. Assuming only a pre-calculus background, the author keeps equations to a minimum and demonstrates all computations using SAS. Most of the programs and output are displayed in a self-contained way, with an emphasis on the interpretation of the output in terms of how it relates to the motivating example. Plenty of exercises conclude every chapter. All of the datasets and SAS programs are available from the book's website, along with other ancillary material.
Uranium isotopic compositions of the crust and ocean: Age corrections, U budget and global extent of modern anoxia

Abstract The 238U/235U isotopic composition of uranium in seawater can provide important insights into the modern U budget of the oceans. Using the double spike technique and a new data reduction method, we analyzed an array of seawater samples and 41 geostandards covering a broad range of geological settings relevant to low and high temperature geochemistry. Analyses of 18 seawater samples from geographically diverse sites from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Persian Gulf, and English Channel, together with literature data (n = 17), yield a δ238U value for modern seawater of −0.392 ± 0.005‰ relative to CRM-112a. Measurements of the uranium isotopic compositions of river water, lake water, evaporites, modern coral, shales, and various igneous rocks (n = 64), together with compilations of literature data (n = 380), allow us to estimate the uranium isotopic compositions of the various reservoirs involved in the modern oceanic uranium budget, as well as the fractionation factors associated with U incorporation into those reservoirs. Because the incorporation of U into anoxic/euxinic sediments is accompanied by large isotopic fractionation (ΔAnoxic/Euxinic-SW = +0.6‰), the size of the anoxic/euxinic sink strongly influences the δ238U value of seawater. Keeping all other fluxes constant, the flux of uranium in the anoxic/euxinic sink is constrained to be 7.0 ± 3.1 Mmol/yr (or 14 ± 3% of the total flux out of the ocean). This translates into an areal extent of anoxia into the modern ocean of 0.21 ± 0.09% of the total seafloor. This agrees with independent estimates and rules out a recent uranium budget estimate by Henderson and Anderson (2003). Using the mass fractions and isotopic compositions of various rock types in Earth’s crust, we further calculate an average δ238U isotopic composition for the continental crust of −0.29 ± 0.03‰ corresponding to a 238U/235U isotopic ratio of 137.797 ± 0.005. We discuss the implications of the variability of the 238U/235U ratio on Pb–Pb and U–Pb ages and provide analytical formulas to calculate age corrections as a function of the age and isotopic composition of the sample. The crustal ratio may be used in calculation of Pb–Pb and U–Pb ages of continental crust rocks and minerals when the U isotopic composition is unknown.
Cystic pancreatic endocrine tumor: a variant commonly confused with cystic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND. Most cystic pancreatic neoplasms are currently evaluated by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). In the authors' experience, FNAB of cystic pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) frequently causes diagnostic difficulties, partly because of unexpected overlapping features with cystic ductal adenocarcinomas. METHODS. The authors identified 5 histologically confirmed cystic PETs that were evaluated by FNAB and compared their cytomorphologic features to cystic ductal adenocarcinomas (n = 5) and solid PETs (n = 39) of the pancreas. RESULTS. Cytologically, 2 of the aspirates of cystic PETs were devoid of tumor cells whereas the other 3 were variably cellular and composed of cohesive aggregates of monomorphic cellular elements with variably coarse chromatin. Tumor necrosis and nuclear membrane irregularities were not identified in cystic PETs. Alternatively, in contrast to PETs, cystic ductal adenocarcinomas were characterized by nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear membrane irregularities, and tumor necrosis. CONCLUSIONS. Given the clinical implications, awareness of cystic PETs and their deceptive cytologic features would assist in distinguishing these lesions from cystic ductal adenocarcinomas. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2007 © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Propagation measurements for 1.9 GHz high-gain antenna array design

This paper addresses the benefits achievable with advanced base station antennas for 1.9 GHz personal communications services (PCS). High-gain antennas, multiple sub-aperture diversity combining, and adaptive array processing are all parts of the advanced antenna concept. A measurement program was carried out in urban and suburban environments to preview the performance achievable with large antennas. Results indicate that very tall narrow antenna subarrays can produce the desired high gain while minimizing the amount of beam-steering and beamforming required.
Antiferromagnetic Transition in Co Cl 2 ·6 H 2 O and Fisher's Relation

It is found that the zero-field heat capacity ${C}_{p}$ and parallel susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ of the antiferromagnet Co${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O obey Fisher's relation $C=\frac{A\ensuremath{\partial}(\ensuremath{\chi}T)}{\ensuremath{\partial}T}$ through the N\'eel point ${T}_{N}(0)$. The coefficient $A$ is shown by a thermodynamic argument to yield the curvature of the antiferro-paramagnetic phase boundary in the $H\ensuremath{-}T$ plane for $H=0$. A parabola having the curvature deduced in this way is found to fit the observed phase boundary over a wide range of $H$ and $T$.
Protein-Assisted DNA Looping: A Delicate Balance among Interactions, Mechanics, and Entropy.

DNA looping is a unique process demonstrated when two distant sites on the biopolymer molecule bind. It is frequently observed in living systems where DNA looping is critically important for many cellular processes, including gene expression and regulation, DNA replication and recombination, DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and many others (1,2). In nature, the formation of cyclic DNA or DNA with loops is usually assisted by various types of protein molecules. A simultaneous binding of a single protein molecule to two different binding sites on DNA creates a loop.
Biological activity of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in chicks and rats.

The ability of 24R,25- and 24S,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to stimulate intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in chicks was measured. Enhancement of intestinal calcium transport by 325 or 130 nmoles of either compound was maximal by 24 hours. The effects of these compounds on bone calcium mobilization were also maximal by 24 to 36 hours. When lower doses were tested, 2 nmoles of the 24R,25-dihy- droxycholecalciferol significantly stimulated intestinal calcium transport, whereas 130 nmoles of the S isomer were required for a significant response. Neither steroid had a significant effect on bone calcium mobilization when doses of less than 130 nmoles were given. When chicks received orally 32.5, 325 or 1,625 pmoles of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol daily from hatching for 4 weeks, several parameters showed a dose-related response. These included growth, serum calcium, bone ash, renal 25-hydroxychole- calciferol-1-hydroxylase and intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium bind ing protein. Rats given 32.5 to 1,625 pmoles of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecal- ciferol for 3 or 6 weeks were equivalent to vitamin D-treated controls in terms of growth and serum calcium levels. It is concluded that within the lower dose ranges (2 to 30 pmoles) the R isomer of 24,25-dihydroxychole- calciferol is more active in stimulating intestinal calcium transport than the S isomer but that neither compound increases bone calcium mobiliza tion at these dose levels. Also, the rat is more responsive in terms of growth and serum calcium, to small daily doses of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol than is the chick. J. Nutr. 106: 724-734, 1976.
CMOS current mode interpolating flash analog to digital converter

A high speed CMOS current-mode interpolating flash analog-to-digital converter capable is proposed. The design uses generic cells to generate all current comparator inputs. The proposed interpolation technique reduces the transistor count and power consumption of a pure flash implementation while improving SNR, SFDR, and DNL. Five-bit interpolating flash and pure flash designs were implemented in 0.5 mm CMOS to compare performance characteristics.
Chapter 14 Utilizing green engineering concepts in industrial conceptual process synthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the underlying philosophy and special nature of capstone design activities utilizing authentic industrial projects as a teaching mechanism for process synthesis and analysis. In capstone design projects, teams of students work on carefully selected industrially sponsored projects. Each project has an academic as well as an industrial coach. The team consists of typically four undergraduate students; however, graduate students have participated from time to time as team members or academic advisors and teams have varied from three to seven persons. These projects require the application of sound concepts of scientific and engineering principles, teamwork, and project management to accomplish team goals. Important benefits of the Capstone Design Program are: (1) valuable interaction with interdisciplinary student design teams working on projects that are important to the participating company. (2) Access to faculty who have expertise in technical areas related to specific projects. (3) Significantly improving the education of the next generation of engineers. (4) Visibility in identifying and recruiting new engineers.
The Burden and Morphology of Premature Ventricular Contractions and their Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Biventricular Pacing in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT).

Introduction Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) frequently occur in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. However, there are limited data regarding the burden and morphologic characteristics of PVCs in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods and Results Patients enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) with >5000 PVCs on a predevice implant 12-lead, 24-hour Holter were identified. The putative PVC site of origin for the most dominant PVC was characterized and their effects on clinical outcomes were evaluated. A total of 146 patients were identified to have >5000 PVCs on Holter of which 75 (51%) had PVCs originating from a non–outflow tract site. Other sites included the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and the sinus of Valsalva. In multivariate analysis, the risk for HF/Deatd was similar in patients with Outflow tract PVCs when compared to patients with Non–outflow tract PVCs (HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.8, P = 0.3). The degree of echocardiographic reverse remodeling was similar in patients with outflow tract versus Non–outflow tract PVCs. One-third of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy were found to have PVCs originating from the RVOT. Conclusions In patients with mild symptoms of heart failure, there is no difference in the risk of HF or death in patients with outflow versus non–outflow tract PVCs. One-third of patients with NICM have frequent PVCs originating from the RVOT.
Principles of Image Formation

Until about twenty years ago, a rather simple set of assumptions was sufficient for the interpretation of electron microscope images in all but a few isolated instances, and even today a great deal of electron microscopy can be understood on the same simple basis.
Intractable Problems in Number Theory

This paper surveys computational problems related to integer factorization and the calculation of discrete logarithms in various groups. Its aim is to provide theory sufficient for the derivation of heuristic running time estimates, and at the same time introduce algorithms of practical value.
Hydrothermal Organic Synthesis Experiments

The serious scientific debate about spontaneous generation which raged for centuries reached a climax in the nineteenth century with the work of Spallanzani, Schwann, Tyndall, and Pasteur. These investigators demonstrated that spontaneous generation from dead organic matter does not occur (see reviews by Conant, 1953 and Kenyon and Steinman, 1969). Although no aspects of these experiments addressed the issue of whether organic compounds could be synthesized abiotically, the impact of the experiments was great enough to cause many investigators to assume that life and its organic compounds were somehow fundamentally different than inorganic compounds.
Shortwave spectral radiative forcing of cumulus clouds from surface observations

[1] The spectral changes of the shortwave total, direct and diffuse cloud radiative forcing (CRF) at surface are examined for the first time using spectrally resolved all-sky flux observations and clear-sky fluxes. The latter are computed applying a physically based approach, which accounts for the spectral changes of aerosol optical properties and surface albedo. Application of this approach to 13 summertime days with single-layer continental cumuli demonstrates: (i) the substantial contribution of the diffuse component to the total CRF, (ii) the well-defined spectral variations of total CRF in the visible spectral region, and (iii) the strong statistical relationship between spectral (500 nm) and shortwave broadband values of total CRF. Our results suggest that the framework based on the visible narrowband fluxes can provide important radiative quantities for rigorous evaluation of radiative transfer parameterizations and also can be applied for estimation of the shortwave broadband CRF.
Growth of Euphausia pacifica in the upwelling zone off the Oregon coast

Abstract Growth rates and intermolt periods for Euphausia pacifica were determined from individual growth rate (IGR) experiments carried out over a 7-year period (2000–2006) on euphausiids collected off the Oregon Coast. Adult growth rates averaged 0.020 mm total length (TL) day−1 during the summer upwelling season and 0.011 mm TL day−1during the winter downwelling season. Average intermolt period (IMP) was 8 d during upwelling and 11 d during downwelling. Growth rates and IMPs were highly variable, and were not related to surface chl-a concentration or length of the euphausiid. Negative growth occurred at all times of year. Negative growth rates during winter downwelling were most likely related to poor feeding conditions, while negative growth rates during the summer upwelling season were likely a result of the euphausiids investing ingested energy towards reproduction rather than somatic growth. Growth rates from this study using the IGR method were generally lower than E. pacifica growth rates from other studies that used the cohort analysis method. Since negative growth rates are difficult to capture using cohort analysis, we calculated a seasonal growth rate using only the positive values from our experiments to compare with cohort analysis growth rates. These seasonal positive growth rates were 0.08 mm TL d−1 (2.4 mm month−1) for the upwelling season and 0.04 mm TL d−1 (1.2 mm month−1) for the downwelling season, equivalent to weight-specific growth rates of 0.0135 d−1 (upwelling) and 0.0089 d−1 (downwelling), and are comparable to rates obtained in other studies using cohort analysis. Highest annual growth rates during upwelling were measured in 2004 (warm) and 2006 (cold), suggesting that E. pacifica is less affected by warm and cool periods than other types of zooplankton, such as copepods.
Toxicity to organ cultured heats of media prepared with disposable filter units

Organ cultures of hearts maintained in media sterilized by filtration through different types of commercially available disposable membrane filter units displayed different beating rates and survival patterns. Media filtered through two different filter units sold by one company were severely toxic. Prewashing the filters removed most if not all of the toxins.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE IN THE ERGELYAKH RARE-METAL, GOLD-ORE DEPOSIT

The Ergelyakh gold and rare-metal deposit is located somewhat aside of the gold-bearing belt of the Soviet Northeast and is distinguished from other deposits by many specific geological features. It lies near the northern boundary of a geoanticlinal structural unit, the Okhotsk residual massif, and is overlain by thin, calm-water deposits of the Verkhoyansk geosynclinal complex. The Ergelyakh deposit is confined to plutonic granitoid rocks, which are younger than the granitoid intrusions of the Upper Jurassic complex. A combination of wolframite, scheelite, cobalt and nickel arsenides, younger gold-bearing bismuth tellurides and subordinate finely-dispersed native gold (low standard) is characteristic of the ore vein of this deposit and this is the most essential difference from the ore veins common for Soviet Northeast gold-quartz deposits. Search for deposits of the Ergelyakh deposit type is difficult since they are not accompanied by alluvial native-gold halos.—Auth. English summ.
Neurotensin binds with high affinity to small cell lung cancer cells.

Abstract Several small cell lung cancer cell lines bound 125I-neurotensin with high affinity. Radiolabeled neurotensin bound with high affinity (Kd=4 nM) to a single class of sites (2300/cell) using cell line NCI-H209. Binding was time dependent and reversible. Pharmacology studies indicated that the C-terminal of neurotensin was important for the high affinity binding activity. Because high concentrations of neurotensin and its receptors are associated with small cell lung cancer, neurotensin may function as a regulatory peptide in this disease.
High latitude solar magnetic fields

Kitt Peak magnetograms are used to measure polar magnetic fields. The polar mean absolute field increases at the same time as the polar mean field decreases. That is, the polar mean absolute field varies in phase with solar activity, in contrast to the out of phase variation of the mean polar field. It is found that the polar fields have a large bipolar component even at solar minimum, with a magnitude equal to that found at low latitudes outside the active latitude bands.
Think Globally, Distribute Power Locally: The Promise of Nanogrids

Nanogrids use price to mediate local electricity supply and demand, improving electricity allocation at the local level, facilitating integration of local storage and generation, and achieving more efficient use of low-voltage DC from local sources.
Get off the Couch: An Approach to Utilize Sedentary Commercial Games as Exergames

The objective of this research is evaluating a novel method to enable any sedentary commercial game to be utilized as an effective exercise game (exergame). In general there are significantly fewer exergames than sedentary games. This limits game choice and potentially has negative implications for long-term use. Previous work on exergames has been focused on deriving guidelines for designing the most effective exergames, but has rarely leveraged the mass amounts of existing sedentary games. To address this issue, we present a potentially generalizable approach to utilize sedentary commercial games as exergames. Specifically, we developed a visual overlay technique that interfaces with a Microsoft Kinect and disrupts the user's visual perception of a game as a consequence for lower exercise performance. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a two user studies with 14 and 20 undergraduate students that evaluated use in single-player and two-player competitive modes, respectively. Results indicate that although we expected intermittently blocking players' view would be annoying, it actually made the game more exciting, while at the same time providing a vigorous workout.
Memory Glass: An Amorphous Material Formed from AlPO4

A glass exhibiting structural memory has been produced through the compression of a single crystal of AlPO4 berlinite to 18 gigapascals at 300 kelvin. The unique and extraordinary characteristic of this glass is that upon decompression below 5 gigapascals it transforms back into a single crystal with the same orientation as the starting crystal. This glass has a "memory" of the previous crystallographic orientation of the crystal from which it forms.
The effect of in ovo boron supplementation on bone mineralization of the vitamin D-deficient chicken embryo.

It has been hypothesized that boron (B) is an essential element for animals, but its action will vary greatly depending on the nutriture of the organism. One of the nutrients implicated as having an interaction with boron is cholecalciferol (Vit D3). This study was carried out to determine if such an interaction exists. The study was conducted utilizing vitamin D-deficient chicken embryos that were injected through the shell at 8 d of embryogenesis with carrier (NaCl and/or acetone), B (0.5 mg), B+Vit D3 (0.5 mg and 0.3 μg, respectively), or Vit D3 (0.3 or 1.5 μg). Thein ovo concomitant administration of boron and vitamin D enhanced (p<00.05) the hatchability of the vitamin D-deficient embryos. Furthermore, boron and/or vitamin D3 increased (p<0.05) the percent of bone ash and decreased (p<0.05) the exaggerated height of the proliferative zone of the epiphyseal growth plate normally observed in vitamin D deficiency, suggesting a more rapid bone formation. The results provide further evidence supporting the hypothesis that boron plays a role in bone mineralization through an interaction with vitamin D.
Preoptic norepinephrine mediates the febrile response of guinea pigs to lipopolysaccharide

Norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed in the preoptic area (POA) raises core temperature (Tc) via 1) α1-adrenoceptors (AR), quickly and independently of POA PGE2, and 2) α2-AR, after a delay and PGE2 d...
Long range dependent Markov chains with applications

We discuss functions of long range dependent Markov chains. We state sufficient conditions under which an instantaneous function of a long range dependent Markov chain has the same Hurst index as the underlying chain. We discuss several applications of the theorem in the fields of information theory, queuing networks, and finance.
Strategy in History and (versus?) in Economics: A Review of Lawrence Freedman's Strategy: A History

This essay reviews Lawrence Freedman's book "Strategy: A History". The main themes—definitions, strategies in war, business, politics, and revolutions—are overviewed. The value of game-theoretic thinking for practical strategy is assessed. A critical discussion of some concepts and dichotomies emphasized by Freedman, e.g., strategy is governed by the starting point, not the end point, and of the role of stories and scripts in strategy, follows. (JEL A11, A12, C70, D74)
More practical bounded-skew clock routing

Academic clock routing research results has often hadlimited impact on industry practice, since such practical considerationsas hierarchical buffering, rise-time and overshoot constraints,obstacle- and legal location-checking, varying layer parasitics andcongestion, and even the underlying design flow are often ignored.This paper explores directions in which traditional formulationscan be extended so that the resulting algorithms are more usefulin production design environments. Specifically, the following issuesare addressed: (i) clock routing for varying layer parasiticswith nonzero via parasitics; (ii) obstacle-avoidance clock routing;(iii) a new topology design rule for prescribed-delay clock routing;and (iv) predictive modeling of the clock routing itself. Wedevelop new theoretical analyses and heuristics, and present experimentalresults that validate our new approaches.
What is the “right” inventory management approach for a purchased item?

Purpose – How should a firm decide which of four choices – i.e. inventory speculation, inventory postponement, inventory consignment, and reverse inventory consignment – is most appropriate to adopt for a given purchased item in a particular context? This paper seeks to identify and explain the critical factors that drive this decision.Design/methodology/approach – By conducting a review of relevant literature and deriving anecdotal observations from four case studies.Findings – This decision is influenced by three factors – customer demand or usage requirements, nature of the supply line and bargaining power of a firm relative to the supplier.Research limitations/implications – From the perspective of science, the conduct of both empirical research to augment the reported anecdotal evidence and conceptual research along a number of directions (e.g. to juxtapose the research findings in existing theories, to examine variations of the four “pure” inventory management approaches, or to consider the vantage ...
Electrochemical determination of the standard Gibbs free energy change of the graphite-Oxygen reactions

Abstract A calcia doped zirconia solid oxide electrolyte galvanic cell was investigated in the temperature range of 700–950°C to directly and more accurately measure the standard Gibbs free energy change of the following reactions: CO(g) + 1 2 O 2 (g) = CO 2 (g) C(graphite) + CO2(g) = 2 CO(g). The results obtained in the present investigation are well within the scatter band of the calorimetric and spectroscopic data.
Correlates of cervical mucosal antibodies to human papillomavirus 16: results from a case control study.

Abstract Background. While the cervical mucosal immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be central to viral clearance, it is not well characterized. We performed this analysis to determine correlates of HPV-16-specific mucosal antibody response in women at high risk for infection with HPV. Methods. Cervical mucosal and serum samples were obtained from participants in a case control study that measured demographic risk factors of cervical disease and HPV infection. An HPV-16 L1-virus-like particle ELISA was used to detect HPV-16-specific IgA and IgG. Antibody results were correlated to demographic characteristics, sexual history, cervical disease, and HPV detection. Results. Cervical anti-HPV-16 IgA and IgG inversely correlated with HPV DNA, HPV-16 DNA, and cervical disease. Conclusions. These findings suggest that mucosal antibodies may protect against HPV infection and cervical disease. However, additional longitudinal studies evaluating serum and mucosal antibody correlates of incident, persistent, and clearing HPV infection are needed. In addition, standardization of mucosal sample collection and testing methods are required.
Reversal of exertional hypotension after coronary bypass grafting

A decrease in systolic blood pressure that occurs with treadmill exercise testing may be a sign of reversible ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we examined retrospectively the postoperative treadmill responses of 37 patients who had exertional hypotension (end exercise systolic blood pressure less than or equal to initial preexercise levels) before coronary arterial bypass grafting. This group of 37 patients was characterized preoperatively by an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram (36 patients), multiple vessel occlusive disease (36 patients) and a normal ejection fraction at rest (32 patients). Postoperative exercise tests showed improvement in hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes with reversal of exertional hypotension (33 patients), and conversion to a normal exercise electrocardiogram (29 patients). Coronary bypass surgery can be expected to reverse exertional hypotension in patients with symptomatic angina pectoris and evidence of ischemia in the exercise electrocardiogram.
PASSIVE PROTECTION FOR HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (HIB) DISEASE: ANTIBODY LEVELS IN INFANTS GIVEN HYPERIMMUNE GLOBULIN

PASSIVE PROTECTION FOR HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (HIB) DISEASE: ANTIBODY LEVELS IN INFANTS GIVEN HYPERIMMUNE GLOBULIN
Program visualization: bringing visual analysis to code development

This paper focuses on the visualization of application code. The goal is to provide a visual representation of the code that relieves the user from having to rely solely on textual representations. The visual representation of code can be correlated with visual displays of the data and displayed simultaneously within a single display. This prevents the user from having to change perceptual contexts or focus to a separate window. The visualization techniques are themselves based on the familiar metaphor of picture frames. Since we wish to provide the application data within the same display, representing operations and instructions as a frame around the application data provides a merged display with the data and operations correlated in an unobtrusive manner. The borders also work well by matching with the human perceptual systems ability to differentiate and characterize edges. The borders can be as simple as rectangles with the characteristics of the rectangle (i.e., thickness, color, consistency, etc.) identifying the type of operation. Portions of the frame can be made representative of the underlying data (i.e., current and termination conditions).
National trends in self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviors among pregnant women: NHANES 1999-2006.

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence, trends, and correlates of physical activity among a national sample of pregnant women. Method Using data collected from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, physical activity and sedentary behaviors were collected during interviews with 1280 pregnant women ≥ 16 years. Estimates were weighted to reflect the United States population. Results Overall 22.8% reported any transportation activity (i.e., to/from work/school), 54.3% reported any moderate to vigorous household activity, and 56.6% reported any moderate to vigorous leisure activity, all in the past month. Participation in any transportation and moderate to vigorous leisure activity was stable over time, while participation in any moderate to vigorous household activities and moderate leisure activities increased from 1999–2002 to 2003–06. Moderate to vigorous leisure activity was significantly higher among those in first trimester compared to third trimester, among non-Hispanic white participants compared to women from other race/ethnic groups, and among those with health insurance compared to those without. From 2003 to 2006, 15.3% of pregnant women reported watching 5 h or more of television or videos per day. Conclusion These data could be used to monitor trends and set national goals for physical activity among pregnant women.
An analog mean-timer circuit for use with large-volume scintillation counters

Abstract A self-contained modular instrument determines the average of the transit times of photons from a scintillation event to the photomultiplier tubes attached to the ends of a long scintillator. The mean-timer circuit described here generates a mean-timing pulse that is a true analog computation of the mean arrival time of the two input pulses. The mean timer circuit performs this computation in approximately 50 ns followed by a dead-time of about 75 ns. The measured timing error in generating the mean-timing signal is less than 1.5% the absolute time difference between the two input trigger pulses for absolute time differences up to 20 ns.
MMSE receive filtering for precoded MIMO systems

MIMO precoding matches the transmission to channel conditions in order to reduce or eliminate interference at the receiver. In this paper, we are interested in the case where the receiver is also equipped with a linear processor, specifically an MMSE filter. We analyze the effect of the MMSE receive filter on the performance of a variety of MIMO precoders. It is shown that receive-side MMSE equalization can remove the error floors that sometimes appear with regularized zero-forcing precoding and matched-filter precoding. It is also shown that using the MMSE filters at both the transmitter and receiver can achieve the full spatial diversity when the spectral efficiency R (b/s/Hz) is below a certain threshold.
Creating and Providing Predictions of Melanoma Outcome

The development over the past few decades of large databases of cancer patients is providing physicians and their patients with the ability to make increasingly accurate and empirically based estimates of the chance of cancer survival. Two studies reported in this issue of the Annals of Surgical Oncology attest to the latest developments in the application of such a quantitative approach to the understanding of melanoma outcome. The work described by Soong et al. is the latest in a 3decade long and heroic effort by this group to assemble large, multi-institutional, datasets of melanoma patients and then to make sense of these data. 1 Their study in this issue of the Annals of Surgical Oncology describes the latest update in the Cox analysis of outcome for melanoma patients with localized disease and the development of a web-based calculator that makes these values available to physicians and patients. The predictive power of their model appears quite impressive and will be useful for guiding management recommendations as well as clinical trial design. Also, the ability to access such information over the Internet will be most welcome by practitioners. Of course, as Soong et al. would probably be the first to point out, this work represents the latest update in the everimproving art of such prediction. For example, the patient groups used in their model contain rather large bins into which they have sorted patients. One such example can be seen in their lumping together all patients with tumors of thicknesses 3.01‐6.00 mm into a single group, which, by our own calculations, contains some patients with about a 25% chance of death and other patients with about a 45% chance of death even before other factors are taken into account. 2 Similarly, lumping patients with 1.0‐1.9 mm
Thresholds for georesponse to acceleration in gravity-compensated Avena seedlings.

The magnitude of acceleration required to induce growth responses in Avena seedlings grown in the absence of tropic response to earth gravity has been investigated. For this purpose, a clinostat was developed that imposes accelerations from about 10−9 g to 3 g upon the seedling; simultaneously, it nullifies, or compensates for, response to the directional component of the gravitational-force vector by rotating the seedling on a horizontal axis. When accelerations less than 10−3 g are applied in either the acropetal or the basipetal direction, the growth in length and weight of the various organs is not materially different from that of compensated seedlings to which no longitudinal force is applied. At accelerations between 10−3 and 10−2 g, differences in growth become highly significant. When the centrifugal forces are transverse to the seedling during compensation, the threshold acceleration range for geoperception, as manifest by shoot reorientation, is again between 10−3 and 10−2 g. Geotropic reorientation of the root becomes apparent after exposures between 10−4 and 10−3 g.
Optimal control of queueing networks

The problem of optimum flow control of a class of queueing systems which appears as a model for virtual circuits in computer communication networks is investigated. It is shown that the optimal control that achieves the maximum throughput under a bounded average time delay criterion can be specified by a "window" flow control mechanism. The window size can be easily derived from the preassigned upper bound on the time delay.
Investigation of reverse-saturable absorption in brominated porphyrins

To develop more efficient materials to be used in optical limiters, we have synthesized a series of metal-containing brominated tetraphenylporphyrin (MOBP) reverse-saturable absorber (RSA) dyes. ZnOBP was the highest efficiency RSA chromophore. Moreover, ZnOBP had nonlinear absorption that compared well to state-of-the-art phthalocyanine RSA dyes. The results suggest that other factors (ring nonplanarity, halogenation) influence limiting behavior as well as insertion of heavy metal atoms into the ring.
A generalized cryo-adsorber model and 2-D refueling results

Abstract Our earlier work [Int J Hyd Energy 2010; 35: 3598–3609], describes a 3-D model for the cryo-adsorber and the 1-D results for the isobaric refueling period using quasi-static adsorption approximation. Herein the isobaric constraint is relaxed by solving the Darcy equation for computing the pressure drop in the bed, the quasi-static approximation is relaxed by introducing the Langmuir adsorption kinetics, and the 2-D refueling results are compared with the 1-D quasi-static isobaric refueling results. In spite of the significant differences in formulation, the two results compare well with each other. The 2-D refueling results show that the pressure transients equilibrate quickly and a nearly steady pressure profile gets established in the bed. This observation justifies the isobaric approximation used earlier. The Langmuir kinetics used here has a desorption rate constant which could vary depending on the diffusional resistance at adsorbent particle level. A sensitivity analysis of this parameter shows that the refueling rate varies negligibly while this parameter is varied over many orders of magnitude. This observation shows that as long as the pellets are small enough, refueling is controlled by macroscopic processes like simultaneous cooling/adsorption in the bed and the movement of the adsorption front out of the bed, rather than the molecular processes like sorption at an adsorbent site or diffusion through the adsorbent lattice. This observation justifies the quasi-static approximation used earlier. The above two approximations offer significant computational advantage to the design and optimization of cryo-adsorber beds with complex geometry.
Lexical Decision Paradigms do not Differentiate between Fearful and Non-fearful Individuals

Thirty-two spider-fearful, 33 blood/injury/injection fearful, and 28 non-fearful individuals (N = 93) participated in dual-task study. Participants were presented with blood, spider, neutral, positive and pseudo-word stimuli while having to also verbally identify numbers as either even or odd. Blood-fearful individuals responded slower than spider and non-fearful individuals. However, there was no interaction of group membership with stimuli type. This study replicates the results of two previous studies that have used a lexical decision task in an effort to differentiate between fearful and non-fearful individuals and found no significant differences between these two groups on this task. These results suggest that the lexical decision task in general may not be sensitive enough to elicit processing differences in non-clinical samples.
A note on the methods of analyzing traveling waves

In recent years, methods have been presented to resolve large-scale atmospheric disturbances into traveling wave components. Eliasen (1958) and Eliasen & Machenhauer (1965) computed the amplitude and phase angle of the atmospheric wave as functions of time. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01619.x
Quantitative analysis of cadherin-catenin-actin reorganization during development of cell-cell adhesion.

Epithelial cell-cell adhesion requires interactions between opposing extracellular domains of E-cadherin, and among the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin, catenins, and actin cytoskeleton. Little is known about how the cadherin-catenin-actin complex is assembled upon cell-cell contact, or how these complexes initiate and strengthen adhesion. We have used time-lapse differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging to observe the development of cell-cell contacts, and quantitative retrospective immunocytochemistry to measure recruitment of proteins to those contacts. We show that E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin, but not plakoglobin, coassemble into Triton X-100 insoluble (TX-insoluble) structures at cell-cell contacts with kinetics similar to those for strengthening of E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion (Angres, B., A. Barth, and W.J. Nelson. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:549-557). TX-insoluble E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin colocalize along cell-cell contacts in spatially discrete micro-domains which we designate "puncta," and the relative amounts of each protein in each punctum increase proportionally. As the length of the contact increases, the number of puncta increases proportionally along the contact and each punctum is associated with a bundle of actin filaments. These results indicate that localized clustering of E-cadherin/catenin complexes into puncta and their association with actin is involved in initiating cell contacts. Subsequently, the spatial ordering of additional puncta along the contact may be involved in zippering membranes together, resulting in rapid strengthening of adhesion.
Collisional and return current heating functions for beam-heated models of solar flares

In beam-heated models of solar flares, the bulk of the energy deposited in the flare atmosphere resides in the low-energy end of the electron spectrum. Since the shape of the spectrum at low energy is not well determined observationally, various forms of low-energy cut-off have been assumed in theoretical modelling. Certain results of such modelling may depend strongly on the assumed spectrum. We derive the heating distributions for various spectra, both for collisional energy loss and for Ohmic dissipation of the return current, and show that none of the spectra are fully satisfactory, according to the criteria that for both collisional and Ohmic heating, the heating rate should be bounded, continuous, and smooth, and have a tractable functional form. A simple form of electron spectrum is suggested, which satisfies these criteria.
Efficient Shape-LUT Classification for Document Image Restoration

In previous work we showed that Look Up Table (LUT) classifiers can be trained to learn patterns of degradation and correction in historical document images. The effectiveness of the classifiers is directly proportional to the size of the pixel neighborhood it considers. However, the computational cost increases almost exponentially with the neighborhood size. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that encodes the neighborhood information efficiently using a shape descriptor. Using shape descriptor features, we are able to characterize the pixel neighborhood of document images with much fewer bits and so obtain an efficient system with significantly reduced computational cost. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
CS-MUVI: Video compressive sensing for spatial-multiplexing cameras

Compressive sensing (CS)-based spatial-multiplexing cameras (SMCs) sample a scene through a series of coded projections using a spatial light modulator and a few optical sensor elements. SMC architectures are particularly useful when imaging at wavelengths for which full-frame sensors are too cumbersome or expensive. While existing recovery algorithms for SMCs perform well for static images, they typically fail for time-varying scenes (videos). In this paper, we propose a novel CS multi-scale video (CS-MUVI) sensing and recovery framework for SMCs. Our framework features a co-designed video CS sensing matrix and recovery algorithm that provide an efficiently computable low-resolution video preview. We estimate the scene's optical flow from the video preview and feed it into a convex-optimization algorithm to recover the high-resolution video. We demonstrate the performance and capabilities of the CS-MUVI framework for different scenes.
Dark skin mutations shed light on inherited anemia

A new study of pigmentation in mice has revealed a surprising link between dark skin and defects in ribosomal proteins. The demonstration that this phenotype is mediated via cell-specific stabilization of p53 suggests insights into the pathogenesis of human diseases such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia caused by similar defects in ribosomal proteins.