cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and Message Based Private Friend Recommendation

The emerging growth of online social networks have opened new doors for various business applications such as promoting a new product across its customers. Besides this, friend recommendation is an important tool for recommending potential candidates as friends to users in order to enhance the development of the entire network structure. Existing friend recommendation methods utilize social network structure and/or user profile information. However, these techniques can no longer be applicable if the privacy of users is taken into consideration. In this paper, we propose a two-phase private friend recommendation protocol for recommending friends to a given target user based on the network structure as well as utilizing the real message interaction between users. Our protocol computes the recommendation scores of all users who are within a radius of h from the target user in a privacy preserving manner. In addition, we show the practical applicability of our approach through empirical analysis.
Surgical clip as a nidus for a common bile duct stone: radiographic demonstration

Surgical clips can migrate into the biliary tract and act as a nidus for stone formation. We present a case of a surgical clip within a common bile duct stone. This diagnosis was suggested by clip movement on serial abdominal radiographs and metallic density within the common duct stone on computed tomography. Confirmation was made by retrograde cholangiogram.
The Effects of Modifying the Formality Level of ESL Composition Questions

I We know of no investigations of the effect of topic on compositions written by ESL populations under closed-book, essay-examination conditions. In L1 contexts, several studies have been concerned with varying the amount and kind of information in the topic, or stimulus (e.g., Smith et al., 1985). In the most directly relevant of these studies, Brossell and Hoetker Ash (1984) investigated the effects of personal ("you") as opposed to neutral phrasing and of a question versus an imperative format. They found no significant results and concluded that their study "produced no evidence to support the contention that small changes in the wording of essay examinations of otherwise similar construction affect writers or the holistic ratings given their essays" (p. 425). The study reported here examined the extent to which the short and general topics used in the Composition section of the Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) (English Language Institute, 1984) generate rhetorically and linguistically unambitious answers that fail to indicate fully the communicative abilities of candidates. Since this investigation was part of a series of studies aimed at developing a new test specifically designed for the evaluation of nonnative-speaking (NNS) graduate and transfer students, it also examined the extent to which more ambitious and more academically appropriate writing could be elicited by simply increasing the level of formality of the topic. An example of simple and academic topic variants is given below.
Analysis of the plasminogen system on rat glomerular epithelial cells.

Abstract Rat glomerular epithelial cells were grown to confluency on semipermeable tissue culture inserts and the plasminogen system of these cells was analyzed using enzyme assays, Western analysis, zymography, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. The glomerular epithelial cells are capable of activating exogenous plasminogen to plasmin by endogenous plasminogen activators. The cells produce both tissue-plasminogen activator and urokinase-plasminogen activator with urokinase being the prominent activator. Both activators are present primarily on the basolateral side of the cells with urokinase found primarily at the cell surface presumably bound to its receptor and tissue-plasminogen activator found primarily in the matrix secreted by the cells on the semipermeable insert. The cells also produce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor. Inhibition of plasminogen activation occurred with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, anti-catalytic anti-tissue-plasminogen activator antibody, ϵ-aminocaproic acid, which inhibits the binding of plasminogen through its lysine binding sites, and amiloride, which specifically inhibits urokinase.
Design summary of the Intelsat V spacecraft

The second launch of INTELSAT V took place on May 23, 1981, and the switchover of traffic from INTELSAT IV-A occurred between July and October 1981. The complement of 15 spacecraft in the INTELSAT V series presently on order will actually consist of three distinct types of spacecraft whose capabilities have been gradually expanded. This growth has been made possible by increases in the launch vehicle capabilities, as well as the orderly introduction of advanced technology and the inherent design margins in the initial body-stabilized spacecraft design. Flights 1-4 offer the baseline INTELSAT V services. On flights 5-9, a totally independent payload, the maritime communications subsystem (MCS), will be made available to INMARSAT, who will then be able to offer maritime services. On flights 10-15, the available 6/4 GHz bandwidth has been increased 14.3%, from 1349 to 1542 MHz, and numerous reliability and operational improvements have been made to extend the expected lifetime from 7 to 9 yr. Flight 5, the first MCS spacecraft, was launched Sept. 28,1982, and is now in operational service.
Upper critical fields of amorphous transition metal based alloys

Abstract The upper critical fields [ H c 2 ( T )] for several superconducting amorphous transition metal alloys have been measured. At low temperatures and high fields, the behavior of the critical field cannot be described by existing theory. Corrections to the theory for electron spin and spin-orbit scattering effects, strong-coupling, purity, and anisotropy effects are not adequate to bring the theory into agreement with experiment even when an unphysical choice of correction parameters is assumed. Using the present and all other available H c 2 ( T ) data on three dimensional amorphous superconductors, we show that the magnitude of the deviation from theory is systematically related to the normal state electrical resistivity of the samples. We therefore argue that the breakdown of the theory is due to its failure to account for strong electron scattering effects. Such effects are associated with the disorder induced tendency toward Anderson localization.
Local clustering in provenance graphs

Systems that capture and store data provenance, the record of how an object has arrived at its current state, accumulate historical metadata over time, forming a large graph. Local clustering in these graphs, in which we start with a seed vertex and grow a cluster around it, is of paramount importance because it supports critical provenance applications such as identifying semantically meaningful tasks in an object's history. However, generic graph clustering algorithms are not effective at these tasks. We identify three key properties of provenance graphs and exploit them to justify two new centrality metrics we developed for use in performing local clustering on provenance graphs.
Walking adaptability after a stroke and its assessment in clinical settings

Control of walking has been described by a tripartite model consisting of stepping, equilibrium, and adaptability. This review focuses on walking adaptability, which is defined as the ability to modify walking to meet task goals and environmental demands. Walking adaptability is crucial to safe ambulation in the home and community environments and is often severely compromised after a stroke. Yet quantification of walking adaptability after stroke has received relatively little attention in the clinical setting. The objectives of this review were to examine the conceptual challenges for clinical measurement of walking adaptability and summarize the current state of clinical assessment for walking adaptability. We created nine domains of walking adaptability from dimensions of community mobility to address the conceptual challenges in measurement and reviewed performance-based clinical assessments of walking to determine if the assessments measure walking adaptability in these domains. Our literature review suggests the lack of a comprehensive well-tested clinical assessment tool for measuring walking adaptability. Accordingly, recommendations for the development of a comprehensive clinical assessment of walking adaptability after stroke have been presented. Such a clinical assessment will be essential for gauging recovery of walking adaptability with rehabilitation and for motivating novel strategies to enhance recovery of walking adaptability after stroke.
RNA synthesis and cell division in heat-synchronized populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

SYNOPSIS. The incorporation of H3-uridine during the pretransition period of heat-synchronized cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis occurs in two peaks, one at 20 and the other at approximately 40 min following the end of the last synchronizing heat treatment (EH). Although Actinomycin D tends to produce substantial inhibition of both peaks it has a significant effect on cell division only if applied before or during the first peak of incorporation. It appears that the production of new RNA is required for the first synchronous division and that it is synchronized with the division process. Actinomycin D seems to increase, slightly, the degree of incorporation of H3-uridine into RNA when applied at 0 and 10 min past EH. This effect may be correlated with the positive excess delays of division which result when cells are exposed to the inhibitor at these times. A similar effect of Actinomycin on incorporation at 30 or 40 minutes past EH, however, does not appear to be associated with any strong effects of the inhibitor on division.
Salt pile stability: a mathematical model

Abstract The maximum height for the salt pile in a circular dome with a 4ft retaining wall was determined by two methods. The first method used rigid-body physics; in this model, the critical angel, the maximum angle of inclination allowed while maintaining static equilibrium, was determined using only the external coefficient of friction for salt. Because the static equilibrium also depended upon internal friction, a second model was developed. Development of the second model utilized particle physics, fluid mechanics and soil stress analysis. Mohr's circle, the internal coefficient of friction for salt and its angle of repose were used to determine the critical angle. These results were combined to form our solution model, Model II, which consisted of two submodels: Model II(a) provides a general solution where the front-end loader is allowed to freely travel to any location on the salt pile. This model yields a maximum height of 17.4ft for a symmetric cone with a critical angle of 14.6°. Model II(b) provides a volume-maximizing solution if the loader's travel is restricted. This model yields a maximum height of 23.7ft for a wedge shape with a ramp slope of 14.6° and a back edge slope of 35.9°, where the loader must not cross the peak. Therefore, the authors recommend that Model II(a) be used in the general situation, since the loader is allowed to drive anywhere on the salt pile in this case. When the maximum volume provided is insufficient, Model II(b) can be utilized to increase the capacity of the dome. (Note: The loader must not cross the peak in this model.)
Role of Shp2 in forebrain neurons in regulating metabolic and cardiovascular functions and responses to leptin

We examined whether deficiency of Src homology 2 containing phosphatase (Shp2) signaling in forebrain neurons alters metabolic and cardiovascular regulation under various conditions and if it attenuates the anorexic and cardiovascular effects of leptin. We also tested whether forebrain Shp2 deficiency alters blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to acute stress. Forebrain Shp2−/− mice were generated by crossing Shp2flox/flox mice with CamKIIα-cre mice. At 22–24 weeks of age, the mice were instrumented for telemetry for measurement of BP, HR and body temperature (BT). Oxygen consumption (VO2), energy expenditure and motor activity were monitored by indirect calorimetry. Shp2/CamKIIα-cre mice were heavier (46±3 vs 32±1 g), hyperglycemic, hyperleptinemic, hyperinsulinemic and hyperphagic compared to Shp2flox/flox control mice. Shp2/CamKIIα-cre mice exhibited reduced food intake responses to fasting/refeeding and impaired regulation of BT when exposed to 15 and 30 °C ambient temperatures. Despite being obese and having many features of metabolic syndrome, Shp2/CamKIIα-cre mice had similar daily average BP and HR compared to Shp2flox/flox mice (112±2 vs 113±1 mm Hg and 595±34 vs 650±40 b.p.m.), but exhibited increased BP and HR responses to cold exposure and acute air-jet stress test. Leptin’s ability to reduce food intake and to raise BP were markedly attenuated in Shp2/CamKIIα-cre mice. These results suggest that forebrain Shp2 signaling regulates food intake, appetite responses to caloric deprivation and thermogenic control of body temperature during variations in ambient temperature. Deficiency of Shp2 signaling in the forebrain is associated with augmented cardiovascular responses to cold and acute stress but attenuated BP responses to leptin.
Reading Programs: Suggestions for Principals.

The support of the principal is absolutely essential if a school's program of reading instruction is to achieve its purposes, says th is writer. He presents six suggestions that principals can use to implement quality reading programs.
Consistency in the relative attractiveness of a set of landmark territorial sites to two generations of male tarantula hawk wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Abstract Males of the tarantula hawk wasp Hemipepsis ustulata defend conspicuous palo verde trees on mountain ridges. A comparison of data from two flight seasons (1981 and 1980) reveals that the preference rankings of males for a set of perennial territories on one ridge remained highly consistent from generation to generation. This is the first thoroughly documented demonstration for insects that landmarks used as mating encounter sites retain the same relative attractiveness from year to year. The stability of male preferences is indirect evidence that access to females is related to the ability to acquire high-ranking territories. Moreover, in both years, (1) the flight season was 2.5 to 3 months long, (2) the range of body sizes in this highly variable species remained the same, and (3) the ratio of territorial males to non-territorial patrollers was constant. A key difference was a strong reduction in the total number and density of males found in the study site in 1981. The wasps responded to the decrease in competition for perch territories by failing to occupy some low-ranking sites that were taken in 1980.
Update on Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography: A Surgeon's Perspective

The ability to evaluate myocardial perfusion and microvascular structural integrity can help surgeons predict the necessity for surgical intervention, the sequence of intraoperative interventions, the risk of perioperative infarction, the likelihood of successful surgical recovery, and the degree of long-term clinical benefit. The ability to directly assess perfusion intraoperatively may allow surgeons to reliably evaluate a patient's myocardial perfusion at any time during the operative procedure. As this article will discuss, surgeons may use myocardial contrast echocardiography intraoperatively to evaluate myocardial function and integrity, to determine the order of graft placement, to determine the success of bypass graft patency, and to help predict those patients who will experience successful cardiac function after recovering from surgery.
Photochemical Ring-Contraction of a Tetrasilaferracyclohexane of the (η5-C5H4)Fe(CO)2 System to Trisilaferracyclopentanes

Treatment of (η 5 -C5H5)Fe(CO)2(SiMe2) n Cl (n = 3, 4) with lithium diisopropylamide leads directly to new trisila- (1) and tetrasilaferracycles (2) [(η 5 -C5H4)Fe(CO) 2 (SiMe 2 ) n ]. The trisilaferracycle (1) exhibits a degree of ring strain as noted by 29 Si NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray analysis but is stable with respect to limited attempts at ring-opening polymerization and photochemical transformation. In contrast, 2, with no ring strain, readily transforms via photochemical irradiation by way of iron silyl-(silylenes) to a trimethylsilyl-substituted trisilaferracycle 4, which in turn transforms to 1 upon prolonged irradiation.
Rethinking What We Catalog: Documents as Cultural Artifacts

ABSTRACT Cataloging is at its most interesting when it is comprehended as part of a larger, meaningful, objective. Resource description is a complex task; but the essence of librarianship is curatorship of a collection, and that sense of curatorial responsibility is one of the things that makes resource description into cataloging-that is, professional responsibility is the difference between the task of transcription and the satisfaction of professional decisions well-made. Part of the essential difference is comprehension of the cultural milieu from which specific resources arise, and the modes of scholarship that might be used to nudge them to reveal their secrets for the advancement of knowledge. In this paper I describe a course designed to lend excitement and professional judgment to the education of future catalogers and collection managers by conveying the notion that all documents are, in fact, cultural artifacts. Part of a knowledge-sensitive curriculum for knowledge organization, the purpose of...
Implications of a 5-liter urinary bladder: Inferior vena cava syndrome leading to bilateral pulmonary artery emboli

Compression of the inferior vena cava by the distended urinary bladder is rare but is usually found in the presence of lower extremity edema. Here, we present the case of a 68-year-old man found to have multiple pulmonary emboli as the first manifestation of inferior vena cava compression from a distended urinary bladder 5 L in capacity.
Rent seekers who demand government production: Bureaucratic output and the price of complements

Many goods and services produced by government bureaus are sold at prices which do not maximize net revenues (maximize profits or minimize losses). Indeed, bureaucratic institutions typically create incentives to expand production beyond that which would maximize net revenues. Furthermore, many of the products sold by government bureaus are highly complementary to privately produced goods and services. If a bureau's output is not priced to maximize net revenues, then private sellers of various complements may be in a position to extract rents by adjusting their prices. This paper explores the implications of bureaucratically generated rents for privately produced complements. First, rent seeking can materialize when private sector interests apply pressure for expanded bureau production and lower bureau prices. Second, if the bureau does expand its production capacity beyond the net revenue maximizing level, and if a private producer obtains exclusive rights to supply complements, then the extraction of rents will result in an inefficient mix of resources in bureaucratic production. The basis of the inefficiency is not the reason often given, however. Rather, inefficiencies arise because the actual level of use is less than that which the ‘bureaucratic plant’ was constructed to produce due to the relatively high price of the complementary services.
Colorimeter for the measurement of kallikrein in nanoliter volumes

Abstract This paper describes the construction of a nanocolorimeter with a working volume of 2 μl. The apparatus is used to measure urinary kallikrein activity. The method is based on the enzymatic cleavage of the chromophore p-nitroanilide from the chromogenic tripeptide substrate S-2266. The sensitivity is 1.0 kallikrein unit (KU) and is linear beyond 3.0 KU.
The magnitude and reliability of cue-specific craving in nondependent smokers

Abstract Background Cue-reactivity is a robust phenomenon in regular cigarette smokers ( Carter and Tiffany, 1999 ), but it has not been widely investigated in nondependent smokers. Further, most research on cue-specific craving assesses response to cues in a single experimental session. As such, investigations of cue-specific craving have primarily measured state-like but not trait-like responses to smoking stimuli. Methods This study measured general and cue-specific craving in nondependent smokers and assessed the within-session and cross-session reliability of these two facets of craving. Participants (n = 154) attended five laboratory sessions over the course of three months and completed multiple cue-reactivity trials (using smoking and neutral in vivo and photographic stimuli) during each study visit. Results Results indicated that smoking cues elicited significantly stronger craving than neutral cues across study sessions, and that craving ratings following smoking cues decreased across subsequent sessions. Within-session and cross-session reliability was extremely high. Conclusions Overall, findings indicate that nondependent smokers experience reactivity to smoking cues, and that this response is quite reliable within and across sessions. Further, the magnitude of cue-specific craving was comparable to what has been observed in heavy, dependent smokers.
EFFECTS OF TYPE OF RECALL TEST AND SPACED PRESENTATIONS OF STIMULUS TERMS, RESPONSE TERMS AND STIMULUS-RESPONSE TERMS ON RETENTION IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING

The present experiment tested the effects of reinforcement type (stimulus term, response term, and stimulus-response pairs) and type of recall-retention test (stimulus type or response type) as between-S variables and delay-of-reinforcement interval as a within-S variable on retention in paired-associate learning. The analysis showed that type of reinforcement and delay-of-reinforcement interval resulted in significant effects. Type of recall-retention test was not significant and interactions were nonsignificant.
Isomeric states in the 3 to 500 nanosecond range populated by (α, χn) reactions☆

Abstract Isomeric states in the 3 to 500 nanosecond range have been measured by a new method depending on the fast timing properties of Ge(Li) detectors and the small time spread of beam bunches in a sector-focussed cyclotron. New isomeric transitions are reported in 208 Po and 210 Po.
Involving men in reproductive health advocacy in the United Republic of Tanzania.

This paper focuses on the involvement of men in reproductive health programs in the United Republic of Tanzania through an advocacy/IEC (information education and communication) project. This project was funded by the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) together with the Organization of Tanzanian Trade Unions (OTTU). Its goal was to gather support and build partnerships and coalitions with groups that had been unresponsive to reproductive health issues involving men. The project s five strategies are 1) gaining management consent 2) interpersonal communication and education 3) peer education 4) work-based services and 5) collection of data using a baseline survey. The baseline survey was conducted in 1994 in order to assess the knowledge attitudes and practices associated with reproductive health family planning and family welfare issues among male wage earners (factory and plantation workers) in Tanzania. Results revealed a high awareness rating (about 90%) of family planning and of knowledge of modern methods. 94.3% of the respondents stated that they would allow the use of contraception if their wives health was in danger. In relation to condom usage 85% reported STD prevention as the primary reason for its use. Furthermore 99% responded that peer education had been useful to them and their families. It may be concluded that this project not only strengthened communication about reproductive health matters between spouses but also promoted active male participation in reproductive issues.
Se Self-Diffusion in CdSe and the Defect Structure of the II-VI Compounds

It has been found that the diffusion coefficient of Se in CdSe is inversely proportional to the Cd partial pressure for most of the CdSe solidus region. This simple relation implies interstitial Se as the diffusing defect. Other diffusion studies indicate that a similar situation prevails in all of the II-VI compounds.
Women's Studies in Communication Still Matters

When we coedited our special issue of Women's Studies in Communication (2009, volume 32, issue 1), “Power Feminism: Exploring Agency, Oppression, and Victimage,” Karma was a graduate student concer...
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS : MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND SIGNALLING

1. The active peptide hormone angiotensin II (AngII) is formed from its prohormone angiotensinogen by way of inactive angiotensin I. The highly specific protease, renin, responsible for the initiation of this system was elusive and considered unstable. We isolated it in a pure and stable form from the kidney of the pig, human, rat, and land submandibular glands of the mouse. It was shown that there is only one type of renin with highly stringent substrate specificity, except certain strains of the mouse which have two gene products. 2. The well-known diversity of action of AngII can be attributed to the presence of more than two subtypes, AT1 and AT2, as well as multiple signalling pathways for both of them. 3. The first subtype AT1 was shown to mediate most of the traditionally recognized AngII functions such as vasoconstriction, electrolyte homeostasis etc. 4. Although the identification of the signalling modes of the second subtype AT2 still remains elusive, we and others have shown evidence that its action is generally antagonistic to that of AT1. AT2 inhibits AT1 (growth factor-stimulated cell growth), AT2 attenuates the vasoconstriction induced by AT1. Since AT2 seems to mediate nitric oxide formation in the renal cells, it may initiate a natriuretic pathway in contrast to the sodium-retaining action of AT1-mediated AngII action. 5. Newer mechanisms and functions of these and other receptors will be clarified by the combination of molecular, cellular and integrated physiological studies.
Response of Nesting Red-Tailed Hawks to Helicopter Overflights

L'influence d'une activite humaine, le survole a basse altitude d'helicopteres, sur une zone de nidification est etudiee sur le comportement de couvaison de Buteo jamaicensis et un phenomene d'habitation est revele
Visualization and pattern identification in large scale time series data

Visualization of massively large datasets presents two significant problems. First, the dataset must be prepared for visualization, and traditional dataset manipulation methods fail due to lack of temporary storage or memory. The second problem is the presentation of the data in the visual media, particularly real-time visualization of streaming time series data. An ongoing research project addresses both these problems, using data from two national repositories. This work is presented here, with the results of the current effort summarized and future plans, including 3D visualization, outlined.
Some Distribution-Free Aspects of Paging Algorithm Performance

The topic of this paper is a probabilistic analysis of demand paging algorithms for storage hierarchies. Two aspects of algorithm performance are studied under the assumption that the sequence of page requests is statistically independent: the page fault probability for a fixed memory size and the variation of performance with memory. Performance bounds are obtained which are independent of the page request probabilities. It is shown that simple algorithms exist which yield fault probabilities close to optimal with only a modest increase in memory.
Velocity-dependent improvements in single-dot direction discrimination.

Thirty-six Brown University students participated in three experiments designed to address perceptual learning. In each experiment, visual discrimination thresholds were tracked over 4,200 trials. Results from Experiment 1 suggest that the pattern of threshold reduction on a single-dot motion-direction discrimination task was stimulus-direction specific and matched (in a velocity-dependent manner) the threshold reduction pattern previously reported for a line-orientation discrimination task. In Experiment 2, it was determined that the stationary-line-orientation—specific practice effects originally reported by Vogels and Orban (1985) could be replicated but were contingent on line length. Similarly, the results from Experiment 3 suggest that practice effects originally reported by Ball and Sekuler (1987) could be replicated but were contingent on stimulus velocity. Implications for the mechanisms underlying direction and orientation discrimination are considered.
Development of Standard Laboratory Testing Procedures to Evaluate the Performance of Deicers

This work aims at identifying and developing standard laboratory testing protocols that can be used to evaluate the performance of deicing chemicals, additives, and mixtures of these used on roadways and other transportation facilities. Several test methods were evaluated for the purpose of developing a promising test protocol, including a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram test for liquid deicers, modified Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) ice melting test for solid and liquid deicers, modified SHRP ice penetration test for solid and liquid deicers, and a modified ice undercutting test developed by Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) for solid and liquid deicers. These tests shed light on the complexity and challenges in evaluating various deicers, especially the poor reliability inherent in conventional test methods. The DSC-based method was demonstrated to be very reproducible for each deicer at a given dilution ratio and cooling/heating rate, and thus may serve as a “fingerprint” tool for quality assurance of deicers. The DSC data also showed strong correlation with the modified SHRP ice melting test data, which holds the promise of establishing the DSC-based method for evaluating the performance of liquid deicers (both in terms of characteristic temperature and ice melting capacity). The modified SHRP ice melting test used in this study incorporates a control substance for reference and various indicators to determine acceptability of the data, as discussed in the paper.
Making Sense of the Barriers Women Face in the Information Technology Work Force: Standpoint Theory, Self-disclosure, and Causal Maps

Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., standpoint theory and the communication boundary management theory) were used to investigate the comments that 39 female information technology (IT) employees made during focus groups as they discussed issues related to workplace barriers and voluntary turnover. The revealed causal mapping method was used to analyze the women’s responses. Voluntary turnover decisions were influenced by work schedule flexibility, family responsibilities, work stress, job qualities, and lack of consistency in workplace policies. Perceived barriers to promotion were linked to lack of respect, ageism, stress, and work schedule flexibility. Differences emerged between explicitly stated and implicitly embedded responses. Women explicitly discussed issues consistent with previous IT research; however their implicit statements often addressed barriers not commonly linked with IT advancement and turnover concerns.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 222

Abstract The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A = 222 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity, and configuration assignments are given.
Anaphylaxis to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine mediated by IgE to gelatin

Abstract Background: Allergic reactions to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are rare; some have been attributed to allergy to trace quantities of egg proteins. We report a 17-year-old female who had an anaphylactic reaction to MMR vaccine. A primary vaccination with MMR at age 15 months had been uneventful. She is not allergic to eggs; however, ear and throat pruritus and tongue swelling develop after she eats gelatin. MMR vaccine contains gelatin as a stabilizer. Methods and Results: Prick skin tests were positive to 1 : 10 wt/vol dilutions of MMR vaccine and gelatin but negative to egg. By immunoassay, her serum IgE antibodies were elevated to both MMR vaccine and gelatin, but not to isolated MMR antigens. IgE binding to the gelatin carrier could be inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by addition of not only MMR vaccine but also gelatin from a variety of animal sources. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of IgE antibodies to multiple gelatin components as well as to MMR vaccine components. Conclusions: We conclude that the patient has an anaphylactic sensitivity to gelatin, and that her anaphylaxis to MMR vaccine was caused by the gelatin component. This sensitivity may explain other cases of MMR anaphylaxis.
Singularities in bi-materials: parametric study of an isotropic/anisotropic joint

Abstract Problems in fracture mechanics are frequently solved in terms of crack tip singularities. Geometries other than cracks also exhibit singular stresses at points such as corners, edges and interfacial joints. Corners occuring in monolayers or multilayered media have been studied under the assumption that each layer is isotropic. For general elastic plane problems, the present study extends the earlier results to anisotropy. For orthotropic joints, generalized Dundurs parameters are introduced. Isotropic results are a limiting case of the present analysis. In the vicinity of a singular point, the displacements and stresses may be expressed as a function of the polar coordinates r − θ by: u=hr δ g(φ), σ =hr δ−1 F (φ) where h is the intensity factor and δ the singularity exponent (0 Using an anisotropic complex potential method, the present analysis gives δ as the solution of an eigenvalue problem and as the root of a nonlinear equation det A (δ) = 0 . It leads to a closed-form expression for g and F . The matrix A depends on the number of layers at the singular point, their relative elastic properties and the boundary conditions such as free surface or bonded interface close to the singularity corner. A closed-form expression is derived for A which depends on 3 generalized Dundurs parameters for a metal matrix composite isotropic metal interface joint. This compares to the 2 Dundurs parameters needed for joints with isotropic layers. The intensity factor h of any singularity is determined from a path independent integral, using an extraction function which is more singular than that defining the actual stress state.
BDM mixed methods for a linear elliptic problem

Abstract A new mixed formulation is introduced to approximate the solution of a nonlinear elliptic problem based on the Brezzi-Douglas-Marini mixed finite elements. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the mixed formulation and its discretization are demonstrated. Optimal error estimates in L 2 (Ω), L ∞ (Ω) and H − s (Ω) are derived. Numerical results are presented to compare the present approach with the standard one and to justify the theoretical results obtained here.
Fission of 232Th, 238U, 244Pu, 248Cm induced by Xe and Kr ions at coulomb barrier energies

Abstract Excitation functions and angular distributions have been measured for the fission of 232Th, 238U, 244Pu and 248Cm induced by 86Kr and 136Xe ions at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. No large differences as a function of either target or projectile were found. These results suggest that the main process occuring is not Coulomb fission.
History of the discovery of neuronal death in embryos.

The German anatomists, M. Ernst and A. Glucksmann, deserve credit for the discovery of widespread cell death in embryonic tissues, including the nervous tissue. In 1934, V. Hamburger described a significant hypoplasia in dorsal root ganglia (DGR) and lateral motor columns, following the extirpation of limb buds in chick embryos. In the early 1940s, Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini in Turin (Italy) repeated the experiment and suggested that the hypoplasia might result from the death of young differentiated neurons. In a joint reinvestigation, published in 1949, large numbers of degenerating neurons were described in brachial DRG, following wing bud extirpations. In the same embryos, Dr. Levi-Montalcini observed massive neuronal death in cervical and thoracic DRG which had not been affected by the operation. This was the discovery of naturally occurring neuronal death. Long after the discovery of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) it was recognized that NGF and natural neuronal death are two sides of the same coin: the latter results from an insufficient supply of the former by the target tissues. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acoustic Properties Of Hot-Pressed Cadmium Sulfide And Hot-Pressed Magnesium Fluoride

Two thermal quantities, namely specific heat and thermal conductivity, of hot-pressed cadmium sulfide (a semiconductor) and hot-pressed magnesium fluoride (an insulator) have been measured at low temperatures; such characteristics of these materials as have been determined from analyses of the specific heat data and the thermal conductivity data will be discussed, and will be compared with similar results on single crystal samples of the same materials. The particular hot-pressed samples on which our measurements were made were purchased from the Eastman Kodak Co. (CdS) and the Harshaw Chemical Co. (MgF). Our single crystal CdS was an ultrt high-purity sample purchased from the Eagle-Picher Co. In studying the thermal properties of hot-pressed materials one finds that the hot pressing temperature is probably significant (although detailed information is not available), that impurities and defects are introduced into the material in the preparation process (but not to the extent of measurably altering the density), and that the composite material consists of small crystallites with hexagonal structure in the case of CdS and rutile structure for These structures have been verified in our laboratory by X-ray powder patterns. The grain sizes in our specimens were determined from scanning electron micrographs to be about 2.1 microns and 0.4 microns for CdS and MgF, respectively. It is reasonable to ekpect that grain size might also play an important role in the thermal properties but, as will be shown later, the presence of defects formed in hot-pressing apparently dominates the effects of the small grains.© (1973) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Developmental interactions in the growth and branching of the lateral dendrite of Mauthner's cell (Ambystoma mexicanum)☆

Abstract The axolotl Mauthner (M) cell receives synapses from the vestibular and lateral line nerves on highly branched regions located ventrally and dorsally, respectively, of its lateral dendrite. One of the pair of M-cells was deprived of all ipsilateral vestibular supply and of some lateral line supply by unilateral ablation of the otic vesicle at stage 34, before nerve outgrowth and M-cell differentiation. Histological reconstruction of such deprived M-cells at stages 42 and 45, following M-cell differentiation, revealed that the deprived dendrite was poorly developed, being thinner and much less ramified than in controls. This effect was specific; no changes were consistently observed in the shape or size of the M-cell body, the medial dendrite, or the axon. Electron microscopic examination of deprived M-cells showed that morphologically normal synapses were present on the lateral dendrite; however, synaptic knobs identifiable as being of vestibular origin were absent. We suggest that patterned growth and branching of the M-lateral dendrite during differentiation is regulated through interactions with afferent axons.
Minimally invasive lobectomy directed toward frail and high-risk patients: a case-control study.

Abstract Background . To compare minimally invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with thoracotomy, cases were matched from a pool of pulmonary lobectomies performed by one surgeon who offered VATS for patients with unfavorable risk factors. Methods . A thoracotomy case was paired to each of 19 VATS cases by age, sex, lobe, side, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Eleven VATS and 5 thoracotomy patients with severe activity impairments or reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( Results . Despite more high-risk cases, VATS yielded shorter hospitalizations (5.3 ± 3.7 versus 12.2 ± 11.1 days, p = 0.02), chest tube durations (4.0 ± 2.8 versus 8.3 ± 8.9 days, p = 0.06), and earlier returns to full preoperative activities (2.2 ± 1.0 versus 3.6 ± 1.0 months, p p p Conclusions . A VATS lobectomy is less painful and may offer faster recovery for the frail or high-risk patient. Further study, particularly of its safety in severely activity-impaired patients, is warranted.
Thermal noise in the linear graded channel junction FET

Abstract The limiting noise mechanism in field effect transistors is thermal noise of the conducting channel. An analysis of the thermal noise in a linearly tapered inhomogeneous channel FET is presented leading to a solution for the open circuit noise voltage and the short circuit noise current. Improvement in the open circuit noise voltage for the inhomogeneous FET is shown directly from a comparison with the solution for a homogeneous channel FET.
Role of endplates in contributing to compression behaviors of motion segments and intervertebral discs

The purpose of this study was to gain an improved understanding of the mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc in the presence and absence of the vertebral endplates. Mechanical behaviors of rat caudal motion segments, vertebrae and isolated disc explants under two different permeability conditions were investigated and viscoelastic behaviors were evaluated using a stretched-exponential function to describe creep and recovery behaviors. The results demonstrated that both vertebrae and discs underwent significant deformations in the motion segment even under relatively low-loading conditions. Secondly, disruption of the collagenous network had minimal impact on equilibrium deformations of disc explants as compared to disc deformations occurring in the motion segments provided that vertebral deformations were accounted for; however, differences in endplate permeability conditions had a significant effect on viscoelastic behaviors. Creep occurred more quickly than recovery for motion segment and explant specimens. In addition, disc explants and motion segments both exhibited non-recoverable deformations under axial compression under low- and high-loading conditions. Results have important implications for interpreting the role of vertebral endplates in contributing to disc mechanical behaviors and direct application to mechanobiology studies involving external loading to rodent tail intervertebral discs.
Patient perceptions of dental-facial esthetics: Shared concerns in orthodontics and prosthodontics

D ental-facial esthetics and problems in patients’ perceptions and expectations regarding their appearance represent a major issue in prosthodontic treatment. Many prosthodontic failures are the result, not of technical difficulties, but of mismatches between patient expectations for a restoration or prosthesis and the dentist’s goals for the same treatment. Similar conflicts between the expectations of patients and their doctors occur in orthodontic treatment, and some recent research in that field may offer insights into questions of esthetics in prosthodontics. In this article relevant orthodontic research will be reviewed and a framework for exploring patient perceptions of esthetics in prosthodontics will be developed from it. With this perspective, the available literature on patient expectations in prosthodontics can be discussed and expanded.
Democracy and exchange rate regime choice

This paper takes a new look at the relationship between democracy and exchange rate regimes. Evidence from a cluster analysis and a panel analysis suggests that democracies are not all equally likely to float their exchange rates. While democracies are more likely to float than autocracies are, established democracies are more likely to choose a fixed exchange rate regime because they are better able than transition democracies to make the credible commitments needed for a cooperative arrangement. More established democracies are more able to join cooperative arrangements that allow them to make a less constrained choice between floating and fixing.
Physiological studies on a new isolate of the gut fungus, Smittium culisetae (Trichomycetes: Harpellales), from wetland mosquito larvae, Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae collected from ephemeral lentic habitats in the Haskell-Baker Wetlands, south of Lawrence, Kansas, were infested with a symbiotic fungus. Two isolates of Smittium culisetae, KS-108-02 and KS-108-06, were axenically cultured from the hindguts of the mosquito larvae. Physiological studies were conducted on isolate KS-108-02 to investigate conditions suitable for successful development of the fungus. The effects of temperature, pH, and different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of this new isolate were studied in vitro. Growth was measured as mycelium dry weight for all studies. Asexual trichospore production was monitored in the temperature, pH, and nitrogen source studies. Higher temperatures of 30 C and 24 C produced higher growth rates and trichospore production in shorter periods of time compared to temperatures of 18°C and 12°C. Media with lower pH produced greater growth than media with higher pH. Trichospore production was highest at pH 5.0, ...
A Generalized Approach to Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition for Concave Programs

The Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition procedure for concave programs can be viewed as inner linearization followed by restriction. This paper presents an approach that allows selective inner linearization of functions and utilizes a generalized pricing problem. It allows considerable flexibility in the choice of functions to be approximated using inner linearization. Use of the generalized pricing problem guarantees that strict improvement in the value of the objective function is achieved at each iteration and provides a termination criterion that is both necessary and sufficient for optimality. A specialization of this procedure results in an algorithm that is a direct extension of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition algorithm.
Security model for routing attacks in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a security scheme for routing attacks in a wireless ad hoc network environment. This model is based on a fuzzy feedback controller and allows the ad hoc network user to select the required security level. This model integrates the existing security techniques in providing adaptive security for routing attacks in ad hoc network. The goal of the proposed scheme is to provide a security framework that will detect automatically routing attacks and then take appropriate measures to deal with the routing attack. We have simulated the proposed scheme and conducted experiments for selected routing attacks.
Negating Nodes and Liquid Fragmentation: Extending Conversations of Diffusion, Social Networks, and Fragmentation

This article proposes updated approaches to 2 key areas of communication research: diffusion of innovations and fragmentation modeling. Exploring a possible gap in node modeling may provide insights for updated approaches to these and other areas of communication research. A case is made here for further research into the implications digitized communication technologies and platforms and their users have on the explanatory and predictive nature of traditional diffusion as well as their impact on social networks bound by strong and weak ties. Against the backdrops of network theory—particularly strong and weak ties—and a related fragmentation model, this article urges scholarly exploration of updated network behaviors and their possible influence on at least one related area of communication research.