cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first in situ observation of Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves at high‐latitude magnetopause during strongly dawnward interplanetary magnetic field conditions

We report the first in situ observation of high-latitude magnetopause (near the northern duskward cusp) Kelvin-Helmholtz waves (KHW) by Cluster on January 12, 2003, under strongly dawnward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The fluctuations unstable to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) are found to propagate mostly tailward, i.e., along the direction almost 90 deg. to both the magnetosheath and geomagnetic fields, which lowers the threshold of the KHI. The magnetic configuration across the boundary layer near the northern duskward cusp region during dawnward IMF is similar to that in the low-latitude boundary layer under northward IMF, in that (1) both magnetosheath and magnetospheric fields across the local boundary layer constitute the lowest magnetic shear and (2) the tailward propagation of the KHW is perpendicular to both fields. Approximately 3-hour-long periods of the KHW during dawnward IMF are followed by the rapid expansion of the dayside magnetosphere associated with the passage of an IMF discontinuity that characterizes an abrupt change in IMF cone angle, Phi = acos (B(sub x) / absolute value of Beta), from approx. 90 to approx. 10. Cluster, which was on its outbound trajectory, continued observing the boundary waves at the northern evening-side magnetopause during sunward IMF conditions following the passage of the IMF discontinuity. By comparing the signatures of boundary fluctuations before and after the IMF discontinuity, we report that the frequencies of the most unstable KH modes increased after the discontinuity passed. This result demonstrates that differences in IMF orientations (especially in f) are associated with the properties of KHW at the high-latitude magnetopause due to variations in thickness of the boundary layer, and/or width of the KH-unstable band on the surface of the dayside magnetopause.
Current Transracial Adoption Practices: Racial Dissonance or Racial Awareness?

The present study evaluated seven agencies in four major metropolitan areas to ascertain if their transracial adoption programs included placing children at an early age and evaluating and educating parents on issues of racial awareness as has been recommended by previous researchers. These agencies were attempting to place transracial adoptees before their first birthday and were evaluating prospective adopters' ability to accept and live with racial differences. In general, agencies did not provide adequate literature on racial awareness, training sessions or support systems, and they did not encourage families to live in integrated neighborhoods. Recommendations for program improvements are discussed.
Introduction to the quantitative analysis of two-dimensional fluorescence microscopy images for cell-based screening.

Modern automated microscopes collect digital images at an astonishing pace. Automated image analysis can measure biological phenotypes quantitatively and reliably, and has therefore become a powerful tool for probing a wide variety of biological questions using microscopy. In this tutorial, we acquaint biologists with this important computational field and introduce some basic principles of image analysis, using typical strategies for two-dimensional images of cultured cells in high-throughput screens as the primary example.
Beyond the '3/4-power law': variation in the intra- and interspecific scaling of metabolic rate in animals.

In this review I show that the '3/4-power scaling law' of metabolic rate is not universal, either within or among animal species. Significant variation in the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass is described mainly for animals, but also for unicells and plants. Much of this variation, which can be related to taxonomic, physiological, and/or environmental differences, is not adequately explained by existing theoretical models, which are also reviewed. As a result, synthetic explanatory schemes based on multiple boundary constraints and on the scaling of multiple energy-using processes are advocated. It is also stressed that a complete understanding of metabolic scaling will require the identification of both proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causes. Four major types of intraspecific metabolic scaling with body mass are recognized [based on the power function R=aMb, where R is respiration (metabolic) rate, a is a constant, M is body mass, and b is the scaling exponent]: Type I: linear, negatively allometric (b 1) to one or two later phases of negative allometry (b<1). Ontogenetic changes in the metabolic intensity of four component processes (i.e. growth, reproduction, locomotion, and heat production) appear to be important in these different patterns of metabolic scaling. These changes may, in turn, be shaped by age (size)-specific patterns of mortality. In addition, major differences in interspecific metabolic scaling are described, especially with respect to mode of temperature regulation, body-size range, and activity level. A 'metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis' focusing on two major constraints (surface-area limits on resource/waste exchange processes and mass/volume limits on power production) can explain much, but not all of this variation. My analysis indicates that further empirical and theoretical work is needed to understand fully the physiological and ecological bases for the considerable variation in metabolic scaling that is observed both within and among species. Recommended approaches for doing this are discussed. I conclude that the scaling of metabolism is not the simple result of a physical law, but rather appears to be the more complex result of diverse adaptations evolved in the context of both physico-chemical and ecological constraints.
Multichannel scheduling for communication of pre-orchestrated multimedia information (homogeneous channels case)

Proposes a communication model for pre-orchestrated multimedia information. The model is used to determine the optimal number of channels needed to transmit the multimedia information. Subsequently, the authors consider a channel-deficient system and prove that scheduling transmission of multimedia data in this system is an NP-hard problem. Accordingly, they propose a heuristic algorithm with complexity O(nlog nm), where n represents the number of data units to be communicated over m channels. >
Trade Facilitation and Economic Development : New Approach to Quantifying the Impact

This article analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and trade flows in the Asia Pacific region. Country specific data for port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment, and e-business usage are used to construct indicators for measuring trade facilitation. The relationship between these indicators and trade flows is estimated using a gravity model that includes tariffs and other standard variables. Enhanced port efficiency has a large and positive effect on trade flows. Regulatory barriers deter trade. Improvements in customs and greater e-business use significantly expand trade but to a lesser degree than improvements in ports or regulations. The benefits of specific trade facilitation efforts are estimated by quantifying differential improvements in these four areas among members of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). A scenario in which APEC members with below-average indicators improve capacity halfway to the average forall members shows that intra-APEC trade could increase by Dollar 254 billion, or 21 percent of intra-APEC trade flows.
Electroencephalography-Derived Biomarkers of Antidepressant Response

Recent meta-analyses point to the relatively low efficacy of commonly used antidepressant medications. Selecting the most effective medications for depressed subjects having failed previous treatments is especially difficult. There is a clear need for objective biomarkers that could assist and optimize such treatment selection. We will review here a growing body of evidence suggesting that several electroencephalography (EEG)-based methods may be useful for predicting antidepressant response and eventually for guiding clinical treatment decisions. While most of these methods are based on resting-state EEGs (e.g., alpha- and theta-band EEG abnormalities, the combined Antidepressant Response Index (ATR), cordance, referenced EEG), others include EEG source localization and evoked potentials. The limitations of these technologies and the potential clinical uses will also be outlined.
'My mind's made up by the way that I feel': affect, cognition and intention in the structure of attitudes toward condom use

Research suggests that attitudes toward condoms are related to condom use. This study seeks to elucidate relationships between affective, cognitive and behavioural components in the structure of attitudes toward condoms. A total of 270 students completed the attitude questionnaire. Affect (emotional responses activated by condoms), cognition (thoughts, beliefs and judgments about condoms), global attitude, previous sexual experience, and prior and intended condom use were measured. Results indicated that subjects reported a negative affect associated with condom use, while overall cognitions were far more favourable. Findings suggest a strong relationship between affect, global attitude toward condoms and intended condom use, and therefore urge us to focus on ways of altering affect
Rank-Related Fitness Differences and Their Demographic Pathways in Semi-Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Researchers have explored the fitness consequences of female dominance hierarchies in many primate populations, with most studies highlighting differences in age of maturation, fertility, and offspring survival. We use resampling techniques and van Tienderen’s (2000) elasticity path analysis to identify rank-related differences in finite rate of increase (λ) and their demographic correlates among segments of a semi-free-ranging rhesus macaque population. Higher-ranking population segments grew at greater rates for some portions of the 40-yr study period. The female members of these segments achieved these lifetime fitness differences through higher fertility and especially higher adult survival rates. This is the first clear evidence that social rank influences female primate adult survival, and is a crucial fitness component for any long-lived, slow-reproducing animal. Traditional methods of comparing lifespans, and other life history variables, among rank categories fail to identify most of the rank-related differences primarily because they require completed life histories that are available only on a small number of the females known in the population.
Women's views on conservation-based income generation and women's empowerment in Kwandu conservancy in Caprivi, Namibia

Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophy in Forestry at the University of Montana, Missoula
Logical and systematic approach to the evaluation and management of patients suspected of having interstitial cystitis

Abstract Objectives To outline a systematic approach to the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods A review of the literature as well as of our experience. Results The exclusion criteria for the research definition of IC can be used as guides when obtaining the history, physical examination, laboratory workup, and finally urodynamics and cystoscopy/hydrodistension under anesthesia. Once the diagnosis is established, patients who are still symptomatic after hydrodistension are treated initially with oral medications. Those who do not respond to oral therapy are given intravesical therapy. Patients whose symptoms are refractory to both routes can be considered for a TENS unit, experimental oral therapies, chronic pain control with opioids, or, as a last resort, surgery to create a urinary diversion. Conclusion As IC is a diagnosis of exclusion, the evaluation remains one of ruling out other disorders that produce similar symptoms in patients whose history suggests IC. Until the etiology and pathogenesis of IC are identified, specific therapy is not possible. However, symptomatic treatments are helpful in the majority of patients.
Mesoscale ocean variability signal recovered from altimeter data in the SW Atlantic Ocean: a comparison of orbit error correction in three Geosat data sets

Erro orbital tem sido a principal fonte de incerteza no processamento de dados altimetricos. Recentes conjuntos de dados, baseados em modelos de predicao orbital mais avancados c em novas metodologias de correcao de erro, ja foram capazes de reduzir o erro orbital de ate uma ordem de magnitude em comparacao com os GDRs originais. Ncslc trabalho nos avaliamos os resultados dessas melhores eslimativas na descricao da variabilidade "meso- escalar" na parte sudoeste do oceano Atlântico Sul. Comparamos resultados obtidos cm tres conjuntos de dados: os GDRs originais c os conjuntos de dados GEM-T2 c Sirkes-Wunsch. Para garantir a "sensibilidade" das estimativas dc variabilidade mcso-cscalar quanto as mudancas na precisao orbital, utilizamos as mesmas "correcoes ambientais" c o mesmo metodo dc processamento de dados no tratamento dos tres conjuntos dc dados. Para investigar as possiveis diferencas entre os valores de variabilidade meso-escalar produzidos pelos tres conjuntos dc dados utilizamos as caracteristicas espectrais dos residuais de "amplitude do mar" obtidas antes c depois da remocao do erro orbital "dependente" do tempo. O fato da componente mcso-cscalar do espectro quase nao ter sido afetada pela remocao do maior comprimento de onda do sinal (o que corresponde principalmente ao erro orbital) sugere que muito pouco do sinal meso-escalar foi realmente removido atraves deste processo. Um "pico" menor no espectro da "faixa" B confirma uma variabilidade oceânica local menor com respeito a faixa A. Uma analise mais profunda demonstra que, apos a remocao do erro orbital, os residuais de amplitude do mar sao incrivelmente similares entre os tres conjuntos de dados para uma determinada faixa. Tal resultado sugere que a precisao orbital contribui apenas parcialmente para o estudo da variabilidade meso-escalar oceânica. Esta conclusao so e valida se o erro orbital dependente do tempo puder ser removido sem se remover simultaneamente uma porcao excessiva do sinal meso-escalar. Nossos resultados sugerem que estudos de variabilidade mesoescalar nao requerem dados dc orbita altimotrica extremamente precisos. Alem disso, apesar deste trabalho so analisar dados do GEOSAT do oceano Atlântico Sul, acredita-se que tal resultado possa ser extrapolado para outras regioes do mar. Isto e devido as caracteristicas espectrais do erro orbital dependente do tempo c a possibilidade de remocao deste erro sem remocao de grande parle do sinal meso-escalar oceânico. Estes resultados, contudo, nao significam que nao se deva tentar obter valores orbitais mais precisos. Pelo contrario, tal melhoramento pode ser capaz de levar a eliminacao dc algumas das limitacoes atualmente existentes na utilizacao dc dados altimetricos. Por exemplo, estimativas dc orbita do GEOSAT mais precisas nos permitiriam estudar a variabilidade oceânica cm larga escala e, atraves de uma melhor compreensao do geoide, nos auxiliariam no estudo da circulacao oceânica "meso e largoescalar" geral.
Editorial response: variation in clinical and immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guérin--implications for an improved tuberculosis vaccine.

Renewed concern about the worldwide problem of tubercu- BCG 1 month after inoculation (one was still shedding viable losis has stimulated efforts to define mechanisms that allow BCG 2 months after inoculation). This finding prompts a cauMycobacterium tuberculosis unequaled success as a pathogen, tionary note from the investigators that shedding of viable BCG to identify new drug targets, and to develop an improved vac- may present a hazard to contacts with AIDS, with an attendant cine. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Hoft and risk of disseminated BCG infection in the contacts. colleagues [1] report results of their efforts to characterize the Second, the investigators found some interesting correlations response to the existing tuberculosis vaccine, BCG. Despite with the duration of vaccine-induced ulceration. Subjects with widespread use of the BCG vaccine, its effects are not well the highest in vitro lymphoproliferative response to M. tubercuunderstood, controlled clinical trials have yielded variable re- losis antigens before vaccination had the shortest duration of sults, and it has not prevented tuberculosis from causing the ulceration. This finding illustrates that before vaccination, death of more humans each year than any other single infection. healthy volunteers with negative PPD skin tests differ in their responses detected by assays that are generally taken to reflect specific acquired cellular immunity. It is interesting to speculate
Light-weight salient foreground detection with adaptive memory requirement

Designing algorithms, which require less memory and consume less power, is very important for the portability to embedded smart cameras, which have limited resources. We present a light-weight and efficient algorithm for salient foreground detection that is highly robust against lighting variations and non-static backgrounds such as scenes with swaying trees. Contrary to traditional methods, memory requirement for the data saved for each pixel is very small in the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the total memory requirement is adaptive, and is decreased even more depending on the amount of activity in the scene. As opposed to existing methods, we treat each pixel differently based on its history. Instead of requiring the same amount of memory for every pixel, we allocate less memory for stable background pixels. The plot of the required memory at each frame also serves as a tool to find the video portions with high activity.
The interactive influences of friend deviance and reward dominance on the development of externalizing behavior during middle adolescence

This study investigated the interactive effects of friend deviance and reward dominance on the development of externalizing behavior of adolescents in the Child Development Project. Reward dominance was assessed at age 16 by performance on a computer-presented card-playing game in which participants had the choice of either continuing or discontinuing the game as the likelihood of reward decreased and the likelihood of punishment increased. At ages 14 and 16, friend deviance and externalizing behavior were assessed through self-report. As expected, based on motivational balance and response modulation theories, path analysis revealed that age 14 friend deviance predicted age 16 externalizing behavior controlling for age 14 externalizing behavior. Reward dominance was a significant moderator of the relationship between friend deviance and externalizing behavior. The contributions of deviant friends to the development of externalizing behavior were enhanced by adolescents' reward dominance.
FDA Approval Summary: Vorinostat for Treatment of Advanced Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

On October 6, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval to vorinostat (Zolinza(R); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients with progressive, persistent, or recurrent disease on or following two systemic therapies. The pivotal study supporting approval was a single-arm open-label phase II trial that enrolled 74 patients with stage IB and higher CTCL who had failed two systemic therapies (one of which must have contained bexarotene). Patients received vorinostat at a dose of 400 mg orally once daily, which could be reduced for toxicity to 300 mg daily or 300 mg 5 days a week. The median age of patients was 61 years. Sixty-one patients (82%) had stage IIB or higher CTCL and 30 patients (41%) had Sezary syndrome. The median duration of protocol treatment was 118 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was objective response assessed by the Severity-Weighted Assessment Tool. The objective response rate was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.7%-41.5%), the estimated median response duration was 168 days, and the median time to tumor progression was 202 days. An additional single-center study enrolled 33 patients with similar baseline and demographic features as the pivotal trial. Thirteen of the 33 received vorinostat (400 mg/day). The response rate in these 13 patients was 31% (95% CI, 9.1%-61.4%). The most common clinical adverse events (AEs) of any grade were diarrhea (52%), fatigue (52%), nausea (41%), and anorexia (24%). Grade 3 or 4 clinical AEs included fatigue (4%) and pulmonary embolism (5%). Hematologic laboratory abnormalities included thrombocytopenia (26%) and anemia (14%). Chemistry laboratory abnormalities included increased creatinine (16%), increased serum glucose (69%), and proteinuria (51%). Most abnormalities were National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 or greater chemistry abnormalities included hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypophosphatemia, and increased creatinine.
The Eleventh Chapter

Unto John was delivered, after that he had thus devoured the book, a reed not unlike to the metewand of six cubits long and a span which was given unto Ezekiel, nor very far different from the measuring line in Zechariah. And what is this else but that the administration of God’s heavenly verity is secretly of him committed unto them which hath afore received it and in faith digested it, that they should therewith rightly measure, discern, and judge all things? None other is it to prophesy again in this sixth age but thus to mete the temple, the altar, and the worshippers therein, and to prove them in length, breadth, height, and depth.
A 900 MHz/1.8 GHz CMOS receiver for dual band applications

This dual-band CMOS receiver for GSM and DCS1800 applications incorporates hardware sharing between two paths to reduce the number of off-chip components. The receiver is an extension of the Weaver single-sideband architecture. The Weaver architecture performs two consecutive quadrature downconversion operations on the signal and the image such that if the final outputs are added, the signal is obtained and the image is suppressed and if they are subtracted, the reverse occurs. The fact that the addition or subtraction of the outputs in the Weaver architecture can select or reject two bands symmetrically located around a local oscillator (LO) frequency provides the foundation for the work reported here.
Vitamin B12 Disorders

Vitamin B12 (Cbl) is needed for just two metabolic reactions in man, the methylation of homocysteine to methionine (cofactor methyl-Cbl) and the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (cofactor adenosyl-Cbl). A complex sequence of processes is required to convert dietary Cbl to its cofactors and to correctly deliver them to the target enzymes. A wide range of acquired or hereditary disorders of absorption, transport and intracellular processing of Cbl are known resulting in combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria or each in isolation. Fifteen distinct genetic disorders have been identified involving carrier proteins, receptors, membrane proteins, molecular chaperones and enzymes, and the genes have been characterised for each of these, although the exact function of some of the proteins remains to be elucidated. Main clinical hallmarks of these disorders are haematological and neurological disease of varying severity. Diagnosis centres on measurement of the two precursors of the Cbl enzymes, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, together with measurements of other parameters such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, 3-hydroxypropionic acid and methylcitric acid, C3-acylcarnitine and methionine. Absorption and transport defects respond well to treatment with Cbl. Intracellular processing defects also respond to Cbl, but biochemical and clinical abnormalities may not fully resolve and long-term outcome can be poor. Prenatal diagnosis can be reliably performed in those disorders where this is indicated.
Microfluidic-based detection platform for on-the-flow analyte characterization

While commercial flow cytometers are sophisticated analytical instruments extensively used in research and clinical laboratories, they do not meet the challenging practical requirements for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. In this paper we will describe and illustrate a new detection technique that will enable a compact, microfluidic-based flow cytometer that satisfies POC specifications for performance, robustness, compactness, cost, reagent consumption, and ease of use. The technology has been demonstrated with CD4 counts in whole blood.
Keep Sovereignty Sovereign

Politics without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations. Edited by Christopher J. Bickerton, Philip Cunliffe, Alexander Gourevitch. London: Routledge, 2007. 224 pp., $135.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-415-41806-2), $37.95 paper (ISBN: 0-415-41807-0). O Sovereignty, that elusive, yet ineludible elixir of international relations! Politics without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations , edited by Christopher J. Bickerton, Philip Cunliffe, and Alexander Gourevitch, seeks to reclaim sovereignty as a normative model for international relations. The book stakes a decidedly iconoclastic position within the considerable literature that addresses the nature of sovereignty in an era of globalization. Caustically critical of much contemporary writing on the subject, Bickerton, Cunliffe, Gourevitch, and their contributors take to task arguments as varied as Stephen Krasner's (1999)“organized hypocrisy,” David Held's (1995) cosmopolitanism, Alexander Wendt's (1999) constructivism, Robert Jackson's (1990)“quasi-states,” and Kofi Annan's (1999) dual concept of sovereignty. In essence, they fear that these understandings of sovereignty will bequeath us a world in which, paraphrasing Rousseau, “we still endure all of the worst features of state sovereignty, and yet derive none of its benefits” (p. 14). The central argument of Politics without Sovereignty is that sovereignty allows for political agency. Outside the sovereign state, there can be no coincidence of the general and the popular will; no meaningful form of accountability, responsibility, or representation; no way to adequately secure the consent of the governed; and, therefore, nothing to prevent the encroachment of increasingly mechanistic and arbitrary forms of rule. Hewing closely to Rousseau, sovereignty is portrayed, not just as supremacy, but as collective political agency. To reduce sovereignty to an aspect of the ruler is to misrecognize the key role of agency in sovereignty and to falsely tar sovereignty with totalitarianism. The people are sovereign, not the state. This argument is, thus, less a retreat to realism than an appeal for placing the consent of citizens at the core of international relations. States and scholars, Bickerton, Cunliffe, and Gourevitch warn, relegate sovereignty to the scrapheap of history at …
Flaw identification from time and frequency features of ultrasonic waveforms

Time and frequency features have been used with classification algorithms to distinguish between ultrasonic echoes from flaws in pipes and ultrasonic echoes from various geometric configurations of weld root and counterbore. Waveforms containing reflections from known geometries and from flaws were obtained and sets of features were defined using a k-nearest neighbor approach to separate waveforms into classes. Two independent databases containing various flaws and pipe geometries were used to determine these feature sets. From these databases, optimal feature sets were found to separate counterbore waveforms from crack waveforms. Optimal feature sets were also found to distinguish between waveforms from counterbore, waveforms containing both counterbore and root echoes, and waveforms from flaws. The best feature sets used with the classifier algorithms could separate waveforms from the same database with accuracy in the 92-97% range and with high confidence., Another database was obtained from pipe structures in a nuclear power plant to provide a field test of the method. When applied to this database, the same classifier algorithms and feature sets used with the other databases either resulted in a comparable percentage of correct decisions, but with low confidence, or could not classify anywhere from 79 to 88% of the waveforms. Spatial parameters based on averaging feature vectors in axial and circumferential directions were also defined and used for classification. These classifications had higher accuracy but lower confidence levels than the classifications based on individual waveforms.
A Brain on Cannabinoids: The Role of Dopamine Release in Reward Seeking

Increases in mesolimbic dopamine transmission are observed when animals are treated with all known drugs of abuse, including cannabis, and to conditioned stimuli predicting their availability. In contrast, decreases in mesolimbic dopamine function are observed during drug withdrawal, including cannabis-withdrawal syndrome. Thus, despite general misconceptions that cannabis is unique from other drugs of abuse, cannabis exerts identical effects on the mesolimbic dopamine system. The recent discovery that endogenous cannabinoids modulate the mesolimbic dopamine system, however, might be exploited for the development of potential pharmacotherapies designed to treat disorders of motivation. Indeed, disrupting endocannabinoid signaling decreases drug-induced increases in dopamine release in addition to dopamine concentrations evoked by conditioned stimuli during reward seeking.
Improving the utility of quality-of-life data from men with prostate cancer.

Dostoevsky’s central conceit in his 19th-century existentialist writings on human suffering is that man can ultimately accommodate to almost any tribulation. Contemporary psychosocial research in health-related quality-of-life outcomes in men with prostate cancer bears out this truth. 1-3 This thesis notwithstanding, the medical literature is replete with studies documenting the poignant impact of quality-of-life impairments on men treated for early-stage prostate cancer. Radiation or surgery can lead to significant dysfunction or distress in the urinary, sexual, or bowel domains. Hence, the simultaneous consideration of both quality and quantity of life improves medical decision making for these men.
How To Get Your Manuscript Accepted For Publication: Insights From The Referees

A survey of nineteen referees for the Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR hereafter) revealed four major reasons for accepting finance manuscripts submitted to the JABR: excellent writing and presentation, sound research design, clearly stated contribution, and a viable economic story or motivation. In this paper, I discuss these tips for accepting a manuscript for publication and conclude with a few insights as the finance editor for the JABR. Although the context discussed in this paper focuses on finance manuscripts, the insights shared by the referees are quite applicable to authors in other business disciplines because a well written paper with important research questions that are analyzed using sound econometric analysis or afforded a well-reasoned analysis deserves consideration for publication in any academic journal.
Sensitivity of Echocardiography for Detection of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

An echocardiographic-necropsy correlation study was performed to validate echocardiographic determinations of LV mass. LV dimensions were measured according to the Venn and American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) conventions and used in the cube function and Teichholz regression formulae to calculate LV mass. The results of the study confirm that the Penn-cube function method of determining LV mass is the most accurate one for diagnosis and quantitation of LVH. The accuracy is particularly impressive in view of the diverse echocardiographs and multiple individuals who obtained the tracings.
CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIAL YSIS COMPLICATED BY FOURNIER'S SYNDROME

Two patients developed Fournier's syndrome while on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In both cases, massive scrotal edema appears to have been the precipitating cause of the polymicrobial...
Q-frame-collision-counter: A novel and dynamic approach to RFID Gen 2's Q algorithm

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are increasingly used for a wide range of applications from supply chain management to healthcare. In a typical RFID system, a reader (interrogator) communicates with multiple tags (transponders) for information exchange. If multiple tags try to communicate with the reader at the same time, a collision occurs leading to failed communications. As RFID usage in high tag density environments, such as in apparel industry, becomes more prevalent, addressing the collision problem takes priority. In this paper, we propose a dynamic modification to the existing Q-algorithm used as part of the industry standard EPC Class 1 Generation 2 (Gen 2) protocol for passive RFID systems to improve system efficiency and reduce the number of collisions. Using radar cross section scatter plots, the number of tags in a given time slot is estimated and a Q-Frame-Collision-Counter (QFCC) is used to make an informed adjustment to the next frame size instead of simply adding a parametric constant to the Q parameter. Contrary to most of the existing proposals in the literature for improved collision algorithms, this approach does not require any change in the existing standard Gen 2 protocol timings and/or command structure. In fact, all Gen 2 compliant commercial tags can be directly used with the proposed modification which still provides an efficiency gain of up to 7.5% compared to the existing standard and a more robust performance throughout the Gen 2 parameter spectrum such as Q and C.
The Divestiture Decision: The Business Judgment Rule and Other Legal Considerations

The decision of a firm to divest itself of a portion of its assets has important implications for economic efficiency. These implications have been examined extensively in the financial economics literature. One dimension of that decision that has been largely overlooked in this literature is the legal constraints placed on a firm's board of directors as it contemplates a divestiture transaction. We examine the important role played by the business judgment rule (BJR) and the limitations on its application to divestiture transactions. The BJR is especially important in the context of shareholder suits that may be brought subsequent to a divestiture decision. We also examine the protection and remedies open to creditors, and the much more limited remedies available to a firm's other stakeholders. We find that the BJR gives a firm's board of directors and managers broad latitude in making divestiture decisions. In order to invoke the legal protection implied in the BJR, directors must avoid making hasty or uninformed decisions, or placing their own interests or the interests of the corporation's officers, majority shareholders or controlling shareholders, or others before the interests of the corporation. We find that the rights of debtholders to sue in the event a divestiture adversely affects their economic interests in the firm are greatly limited. Other stakeholders in a divestiture have very limited legal protection.
The gender gap in first authorship of research papers.

Parity of authorship should be a priority for journals, universities, and funding agencies Women have been attending medical school in numbers equal to or greater than those of men since 1996 in the United Kingdom,1 and in nearly equal numbers in the United States since 2003.2 However, despite parity in medical school admissions, substantial gender differences in rank and leadership remain in academic medicine. The progress of women attaining first and senior authorship of original research publications, the currency of success for promotion in academic medicine, will directly translate into equity of academic advancement for women in the future. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.i847),3 Filardo and colleagues examined the prevalence of female first authorship among original research articles published over the past two decades (1994-2014) in six high impact general medical journals. This study is notable for its rigor, examining six issues a year for all selected journals throughout the 20 year study period and using online searches of authors to identify gender in those with ambiguous names. The authors report some good news—an …
Iron Oxide with Facilitated O2– Transport for Facile Fuel Oxidation and CO2 Capture in a Chemical Looping Scheme

The chemical looping strategy offers a potentially viable option for efficient carbonaceous fuel conversion with a reduced carbon footprint. In the chemical looping process, an oxygen carrier is reduced and oxidized in a cyclic manner to convert a carbonaceous fuel into separate streams of concentrated carbon dioxide and carbon-free products such as electricity and/or hydrogen. The reactivity and chemical and physical stability of the oxygen carrier are of pivotal importance to chemical looping processes. A typical oxygen carrier is composed of a multi-valence transition metal oxide supported on an “inert” support. Although the support does not get reduced or oxidized at any significant extent, numerous studies have indicated that certain supports such as TiO2 and Al2O3 can improve oxygen carrier stability and/or reactivity. This study reports the use of mixed ionic–electronic conductive support in iron-based oxygen carriers. By incorporating a perovskite-based mixed conductive support such as lanthanum s...
Research With Small Samples Considerations for Single Case and Randomized Small Group Experimental Designs

Single case designs (SCDs) and randomized small group (RSG) designs are two options for researchers who have limited resources and who would like to demonstrate the experimental effect of an interv...
Designing heteropolymers to fold into unique structures via water-mediated interactions.

Hydrophobic homopolymers collapse into globular structures in water driven by hydrophobic interactions. Here we employ extensive molecular dynamics simulations to study the collapse of heteropolymers containing one or two pairs of oppositely charged monomers. We show that charging a pair of monomers can dramatically alter the most stable conformations from compact globular to more open hairpin-like. We systematically explore a subset of the sequence space of one- and two-charge-pair polymers, focusing on the locations of the charge pairs. Conformational stability is governed by a balance of hydrophobic interactions, hydration and interactions of charge groups, water-mediated charged-hydrophobic monomer repulsions, and other factors. As a result, placing charge pairs in the middle, away from the hairpin ends, leads to stable hairpin-like structures. Turning off the monomer−water attractions enhances hydrophobic interactions significantly leading to a collapse into compact globular structures even for two-c...
Rates of isolation of viruses from a wide spectrum of clinical specimens.

Over a period of almost 9 years, 4,095 viruses were isolated from 31,361 specimens, including every type that might be sent to a microbial diagnostic laboratory. It can be concluded that viral disease as seen in routine medical practice is largely related to respiratory disease, that most viruses are from ambulatory patients, and that dermal lesions yield the highest percentage of virus isolations, with oropharyngeal specimens including throat swabs originally sent for bacterial culture only) yielding the next highest percentage. Dermal and oropharyngeal specimens represented almost 77% of the specimens submitted and produced almost 94% of the viruses isolated. Generally, urine and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were not highly productive of virus isolations; feces, brain tissue, pulmonary tissue, and eye swabs each produced virus isolations less than 8% of the time. Most tissues from autopsy or surgical procedures yielded no viruses.
A method for the estimation of blood glycerides employing florisil

A rapid, reliable method for the direct determination of glycerides in human blood is required for marly clinical studies. A suitable method is described in this report. A column of lh-isil@ (magnesium silicat’e) is employed to remove phospholipids from a lipid extract of plasma or serum, glycerides are then saponified, and glycerol determined by periodate oxidation. NIethods based on similar principles have been developed by Carlson and Wadstzom (l), who have employed a column of silicic acid t,o separat,e glycerides from phospholipids, and by Van Handel and Zilversmit (a), and Cheng and Zilversmit ( 3 ) , who have used zcolitcs to remove phospholipids by one-st,age liquid-solid distribution. Radin et aL. (4) have used T’lorisil for the recovery of cerebrosides free of phospholipid, while Carroll (5) has reported the separation of cholesterol, cholcst)erol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglyceritics on 171 orisil. A glycerol standard solution is prepared from reagent, grade glycerol. Specific gravity is determined by comparing t,he weight of glycerol and water delivered from a constmt volume syringe. The water content of glycerol is then calculated (6) and a working standard solution (60 pg/ml) prepared. Solutions made with freshly opened glycerol and freshly distilled water remain unchanged for 18 months at 4’ to 8 O , and 2 mont’hs a t room temperature if protected from contamiriat,ing molds. Four per ecnt alcoholic pot,assium hydroxide solation (95% ethanol) is prepared each week, protected from air and light, and discarded when brown or turbid. Chromotropic acid solution is prepared by dissolving 1 g of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid disodium salt (practical grade, Distillation Products, Rochester, New York) in 100 ml of water. The solu-
Medical prophylaxis for the post myocardial infarct patient.

The use of β-adrenergic blocking drugs has been shown to benefit many post myocardial infarction patients. Aspirin is useful for secondary prevention and a subset of patients may benefit from short term anticoagulation
Abstract 2578: Trust in health information source and colorectal cancer screening uptake among U.S. adults

Background: In order to promote positive health behavior of the population, public health outreach is often carried out in various forms to reach the target stakeholders. However, the effectiveness of these outreach programs is unclear. Aim: To determine up-to-date adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines among US adults according to the trust they have in various sources of health information. Methods: We used the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) and identified 4342 respondents (weighted population size = 82,811,829) who were at least 50 years old. Respondents expressed the degree of trust they have in various sources of health related information. We considered a source as trusted when it is trusted “a lot” or had “some trust” and regarded as not trusted if it was trusted “a little” or “not at all”. We defined being current with CRC screening as the use of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) within 1 year, sigmoidoscopy within 5 years, or colonoscopy within 10 years. We used logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Survey weights were used in all analyses. Results: Approximately 94.3% of respondents trusted their doctors, 59.3% trusted family or friends, 50.2% trusted newsmagazines, 32.7% trusted radio, 66.2% trusted internet, 40.6% trusted television, 68.5% trusted government sources, 44.3% trusted charity organization and 34.5% trusted religious organizations. When compared with those who did not trust the source of health information, trust in radio (64.7% vs 60.7%; OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.01-1.52), internet (64.0% vs 58.3%; OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.04-1.53), television (64.4% vs 60.9%; OR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.02-1.48), and government sources (64.0% vs 58.2%; OR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09-1.60) were associated with being up-to-date with colorectal cancer screening whereas trust in doctors (63.2% vs 49.2%; OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 0.92-2.55), family or friends (61.5% vs 63.1%; OR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.84-1.15), newsmagazines (64.0% vs 60.8%; OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 0.98-1.32), charity organizations (62.0% vs 62.1%; OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 0.86-1.24) and religious organizations (59.7% vs 63.3%; OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.74-1.09) were not. Conclusion: Even with modest trust in the source of health information, outreach modalities which engage people repeatedly and those that they can readily access over and over again may exert substantial influence on the uptake of colorectal cancer screening. Multiple outreach methods should be used to promote colorectal cancer screening. Citation Format: Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, Hamidat Segunmaru, Jessica Rogers, Mohammad Daremipouran, Clinton Burnside, Florencia Gonzalez, Cherie Spencer, Carla D. Williams. Trust in health information source and colorectal cancer screening uptake among U.S. adults. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2578.
Eventual Endothelial Failure After Initial Corneal Clearing After a Detached Endothelial Graft in Fuchs Dystrophy.

Purpose To report a case of eventual corneal endothelial cell failure after spontaneous resolution of corneal edema after failed Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Methods Retrospective case report. Results A 56-year-old man with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy underwent cataract and DMEK surgery in the left eye. The transplanted DMEK graft detached in the early postoperative period and formed a peripheral scroll. Despite graft detachment, corneal edema resolved with endothelial cell repopulation of the central cornea. The patient's uncorrected visual acuity 5 months after surgery was 20/25. However, by 7 months after this spontaneous improvement, the patient started to complain of worsening vision. At 2.5 years, recurrent corneal edema became clinically apparent, and no endothelial cells were visible by specular microscopy in the central cornea. Conclusions This case suggests that spontaneous healing of a large central Descemet membrane defect significantly diminishes the peripheral endothelial cell reserves and can lead to imminent bullous keratopathy. If there is any potential of corneal endothelial cells to regenerate after surgical removal of central Descemet membrane in Fuchs dystrophy, it is likely very limited.
"To H-1B or Not to H-1B?" Inequality and Social Closure in U.S. Immigrant Work Authorizations

Scholars have long investigated the unequal employment outcomes of U.S. immigrants from less developed sending countries. This study examines government agents’ role in such processes. I analyze 60...
A Study of Web Print: What People Print in the Digital Era

This article analyzes a proprietary log of printed web pages and aims at answering questions regarding the content people print (what), the reasons they print (why), as well as attributes of their print profile (who). We present a classification of pages printed based on their print intent and we describe our methodology for processing the print dataset used in this study. In our analysis, we study the web sites, topics, and print intent of the pages printed along the following aspects: popularity, trends, activity, user diversity, and consistency. We present several findings that reveal interesting insights into printing. We analyze our findings and discuss their impact and directions for future work.