cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amplatzer Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and da Vinci Robot-Assisted Repair of Vascular Ring

Technology for minimally invasive approaches to congenital heart disease is a rapidly evolving field. This case report reviews a novel approach to combining two of the newer technologies available to treat a pediatric patient with an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a vascular ring. This report is the first to describe the use of the da Vinci surgical system to assist in a thoracoscopic procedure for a pediatric patient. The da Vinci assisted division of the vascular ring, joined with an Amplatzer closure of the ASD, demonstrates how maximum benefit can be obtained for patients by combining emerging technologies.
Influence of solvent dynamics on the heterogeneous kinetics of a reaction with a large inner-shell barrier: Chloro(tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(III) reduction

Solvent dynamics play an important role in determining the rates of electron transfer reactions whose activation barriers are dominated by the outer-shell reorganization energy [1-3]. Few redox couples with a significant inner-shell barrier have been studied in this regard, but theory predicts that the influence of solvent dynamics will be muted under these circumstances [4-6]. The relationship can be expressed by incorporating a term involving rL, the longitudinal dielectric relaxation time of the solvent, in the pre-exponential factor of the Marcus equation for heterogeneous electron transfer:
Low cost infrared and near infrared sensors for UAVs

Abstract. Thermal remote sensing has a wide range of applications, though the extent of its use is inhibited by cost. Robotic and computer components are now widely available to consumers on a scale that makes thermal data a readily accessible resource. In this project, thermal imagery collected via a lightweight remote sensing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to create a surface temperature map for the purpose of providing wildland firefighting crews with a cost-effective and time-saving resource. The UAV system proved to be flexible, allowing for customized sensor packages to be designed that could include visible or infrared cameras, GPS, temperature sensors, and rangefinders, in addition to many data management options. Altogether, such a UAV system could be used to rapidly collect thermal and aerial data, with a geographic accuracy of less than one meter.
REM sleep deprivation impairs bar-press acquisition in rats.

Abstract Brief REM sleep deprivation immediately after training temporarily retarded bar-press acquisition, abolished observational learning of the bar-press habit, and prevented adaptation to a shift from a CRF to a DRL schedule. These results support the information-processing model of REM sleep function.
Crystal and molecular structure at −35°C of (π-cyclobutadiene)dicobalt hexacarbonyl

The structure of cyclobutadienedicobalt hexacarbonyl, (C 4 H 4 )Co 2 (CO) 6 , has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques with data gathered at −35°C by counter methods. Crystals form as red prisms in orthorhombic space group Pnma , with lattice parameters (at −35°C) a = 12.916(3), b = 10.353(2) and c = 9.118(3) A for a unit cell with four molecules of (C 4 H 4 )Co 2 (CO) 6 . The molecules have rigorous C s symmetry, with a π-cyclobutadiene ring bound to the Co atom of a Co(CO) 2 moiety which, in turn, is linked to a Co(CO) 4 fragment through the metal atoms. Apparently to decrease repulsion between the cyclobutadiene ring and the bulky Co(CO) 4 group, the four-membered ring is tilted, and as a consequence the CoC 4 H 4 interaction is unsymmetrical (CoC(ring) = 1.980(3) to 2.048(4) A). Full-matrix least-squares refinement of the structure has converged with a R index (on | F |) of 0.027 for 1539 symmetry-independent reflections with I o > 2.0σ( I o ) within the Mo- K α shell defined by 4° < 2θ < 60°.
Influence of Hydroxypropyl- β-Cyclodextrin on the Transdermal Permeation and Skin Accumulation of Oxybenzone

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to determine the effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) concentration on the transdermal permeation and skin accumulation of a model ultraviolet (UV) absorber, oxybenzone. The concentration of oxybenzone was held constant at 2.67 mg/mL for all formulations, while the HPCD concentrations varied from 0 to 20% (w/w). Complexation of oxybenzone by HPCD was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry. A modified Franz cell apparatus was used in the transdermal experiments, with aliquots of the receptor fluid assayed for oxybenzone by high-performance liquid chromatography. From the permeation data, flux of the drug was calculated. Skins were removed from the diffusion cells at specified time points over a 24-hr period and the oxybenzone content in the skin determined. The aqueous solubility of oxybenzone increased linearly with increasing HPCD concentration, following a Higuchi AL-type complexation. The stability constant of the reaction was calculat...
SU-FF-T-81: Mixed Beam Energy for IMRT Treatment of Prostate Carcinoma

Purpose: To investigate the technical and dosimetric properties of IMRT plans for prostate carcinoma using standard beam orientations with mixed beam energies. Method and Materials: A cohort of 10 patients previously treated with IMRT for prostate carcinoma was selected. For each patient, three additional IMRT plans were calculated using a standard coplanar 5‐beam arrangement and compared to the delivered treatment plan. All plans used 6 MV for the anterior oblique fields and the posterior field, while the two posterior oblique fields were either 10, 15, or 18 MV. An identical set of constraints was used for the PTV and organs at risk (rectum and bladder) and all plans were normalized to give 95% PTV coverage at 100% of the prescription dose. Competing plans were analyzed based on DVH, conformity index, total body integral dose (photon and neutron), and the total and compartmentalized number of MU. Results: Equivalent conformity of dose to the PTV was achieved in all plans. The photon integral dose and number of MU, however, were significantly higher for plans with only 6 MV beams, while the 6/18 MV combination resulted in the lowest value for each of these parameters. For the 6/15 and 6/18 MV plans, the number of MU to be delivered with the pair of higher energy beams was found to be comparable to the number of MU delivered in a standard 4‐ or 6‐field 3DCRT beam arrangement. Conclusion: While the neutron integral dose rapidly increases beyond 10 MV, its magnitude in a mixed beam energy plan has been shown to be comparable to the neutron dose encountered in 3DCRT for prostate carcinoma. The resulting decrease in photon integral dose achieved in IMRT plans with mixed beam energies may thus suggest the selection of higher energy for those beams requiring the greatest tissue penetration.
θ-vacua in two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics

It is shown that θ-vacua exist in two-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories, as well as in the Abelian theories.
Mutations in the Membrane-Proximal Region of the Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Cytoplasmic Tail Have Modest Effects on Virus Replication

Influenza A virus encodes M2, a proton channel that has been shown to be important during virus entry and assembly. In order to systematically investigate the role of the membrane-proximal residues in the M2 cytoplasmic tail in virus replication, we utilized scanning and directed alanine mutagenesis in combination with transcomplementation assays and recombinant viruses. The membrane-proximal residues 46 to 69 tolerated numerous mutations, with little, if any, effect on virus replication, suggesting that protein structure rather than individual amino acid identity in this region may be critical for M2 protein function.
Live animal radiography to measure developmental instability in populations of small mammals after a natural disaster

Abstract Stress placed on individuals in a population from natural and anthropogenic disturbances can elevate developmental instability. We studied the result of a natural disaster when one-third of a forested nature preserve was destroyed by an F3 tornado. Populations of two abundant species of small mammals, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. leucopus, were monitored in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. We used an X-ray technique to measure developmental instability as indicated by fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in cranial and skeletal features of live animals. FA in femur length was higher in disturbed habitat for P. leucopus but was higher in undisturbed habitat for P. maniculatus. This difference in developmental instability mirrors differences in habitat preference between these species: P. leucopus prefers forest habitat and P. maniculatus prefers open, herbaceous habitat. These results were not explained by either food availability or body condition, both of which were higher in the disturbed habitat suggesting higher quality for this habitat. Thus, the FA response may be related to other indicators of habitat quality, e.g., vertical stratification, coarse-woody debris, or population density, which may differ between undisturbed and disturbed habitats.
A Multichannel Femtoampere-Sensitivity Potentiostat Array for Biosensing Applications

Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens using conductometric biosensors requires potentiostats that can measure small variations in conductance. In this paper, we present an architecture and implementation of a multichannel potentiostat array based on a novel semi-synchronous sigma-delta (SigmaDelta) analog-to-digital conversion algorithm. The algorithm combines continuous time SigmaDelta with time-encoding machines, and enables measurement of currents down to femtoampere range. A 3-mmtimes3-mm chip implementing a 42-channel potentiostat array has been prototyped in a 0.5-mum CMOS technology. Measured results demonstrate that the prototype can achieve 10 bits of resolution, with a sensitivity down to 50-fA current. The power consumption of the potentiostat has been measured to be 11 muW per channel for a sampling rate of 250 kHz. Experiments with a conductometric biosensor specific to Bacillus Cereus bacterium, demonstrate the ability of the potentiostat in identifying different concentration levels of the pathogen in a biological sample
PQuad: Visualization of Predicted Peptides and Proteins

New high-throughput proteomic techniques generate data faster than biologists can analyze it. Hidden within this massive and complex data are answers to basic questions about how cells function. The data afford an opportunity to take a global or systems approach studying whole proteomes comprising all the proteins in an organism. However, the tremendous size and complexity of the high-throughput data make it difficult to process and interpret. Existing tools for studying a few proteins at a time are not suitable for global analysis. Visualization provides powerful analysis capabilities for enormous, complex data at multiple resolutions. We developed a novel interactive visualization tool, PQuad, for the visual analysis of proteins and peptides identified from high-throughput data on biological samples. PQuad depicts the peptides in the context of their source protein and DNA, thereby integrating proteomic and genomic information. A wrapped line metaphor is applied across key resolutions of the data, from a compressed view of an entire chromosome to the actual nucleotide sequence. PQuad provides a difference visualization for comparing peptides from samples prepared under different experimental conditions. We describe the requirements for such a visual analysis tool, the design decisions, and the novel aspects of PQuad.
Assessing community-based approaches to asthma control: the Controlling Asthma in American Cities Project.

More than 30 million people in the USA have been diagnosed with asthma during their lifetime. Of the 20 million US residents who currently have asthma, 12 million have had an asthma episode or attack during the past year. Asthma affects people of all races, both sexes, and all ages, and in every region of the USA. However, asthma occurs more often among children, women and girls, African Americans, Puerto Ricans, people in the Northeast, those living below the federal poverty level, and those with particular work-related exposures. Asthma death rates rose between 1980 and 1996 among both sexes and most age and ethnic groups, but have declined since 2000. Women and girls account for nearly 64% of asthma deaths overall, although, among children, more boys than girls die each year. Many of the 4,000 asthma-related deaths that occur annually could be avoided with proper treatment and care.1
Social Studies Education as a Moral Activity: Teaching towards a just society

Many competing ideas exist around teaching ‘standard’ high school social studies subjects such as history, government, geography, and economics. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of social studies teaching and learning as a moral activity. I first propose that current high school curriculum standards in the United States often fail in focusing on the kinds of sustained discourse and ideas necessary for students to develop an awareness and commitment to justice in a pluralistic society. I then make the argument that understanding social studies as an inherently moral activity creates a space for transformative and meaningful learning to occur. Lastly, I contend that public schools are inextricably linked to understanding and creating elements of a just society and as such, hold equal potential to both support and severely hinder its development.
SYMMETRY OF SOLITARY WATER WAVES WITH VORTICITY

Symmetry and monotonicity properties of solitary water-waves of positive elevation with supercritical values of parameter are established for an arbitrary vorticity. The proof uses the detailed knowledge of asymptotic decay of supercritical solitary waves at infinity and the method of moving planes.
Mapping the longitudinal wall stiffness heterogeneities within intact canine aortas using Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI) ex vivo

The aortic stiffness has been found to be a useful independent indicator of several cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and aneurysms. Existing methods to estimate the aortic stiffness are either invasive, e.g. catheterization, or yield average global measurements which could be inaccurate, e.g., tonometry. Alternatively, the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be a reliable marker for estimating the wall stiffness based on the Moens–Korteweg (M–K) formulation. Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI) is a relatively new, ultrasound-based imaging method for noninvasive and regional estimation of PWV. The present study aims at showing the application of PWI in obtaining localized wall mechanical properties by making PWV measurements on several adjacent locations along the ascending thoracic to the suprarenal abdominal aortic trunk in its intact vessel form. The PWV estimates were used to calculate the regional wall modulus based on the M–K relationship and were compared against conventional mechanical testing. The findings indicated that for the anisotropic aortic wall, the PWI estimates of the modulus are smaller than the circumferential modulus by an average of −32.22% and larger than the longitudinal modulus by an average of 25.83%. Ongoing work is focused on the in vivo applications of PWI in normal and pathological aortas with future implications in the clinical applications of the technique. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TWO BAD WAYS TO ATTACK INTELLIGENT DESIGN AND TWO GOOD ONES

Four arguments are examined in order to a s sess the state of the Intelligent Design debate. First, critics continually cite the fact that ID proponents have religious motivations. When used as criti­ cism of ID arguments, this is an obvious ad hominem. Nonetheless, philosophers and scientists alike continue to wield such arguments for their rheto rical value . Second, in his expert testimony in the Do­ ver trial, philosopher Robert Pennock used repudiated claims in or­ der to brand ID as a kind of pseudoscience. His arguments hinge on the nature of methodological naturalism as a metatheoretic shaping principle. We examine the use of such principles in science and the history ofscience. Special attention is given to the demarcation prob­ lem. Third, the scientific merits of ID are examined. Critics rightly demand more than promissory notes for ID to move beyond the fringe. Fourth, although methodological naturalism gets a lot of attention, there is another shaping principle to contend with, namely, conser­ vatism. Science, like most disciplines, tends to change in an incre­ mental rather than revolutionary manner. When ID is compared to other non- or quasi-Darwinian proposals, it appears to be a more radical solution than is needed in the face of the anomalies.
Interstate Marine Fisheries Compacts

There are three such compacts in the United States, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Compact, which was approved by the Congress in 1942 (56 Stat. 267), the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Compact, and the Pacific Marine Fisheries Compact, which were approved later. These compacts, and the commissions that were established under them, were formed basically to promote better utilization of the marine fisheries resources in their areas. They represent 23 states, from Maine to Florida, including Pennsylvania, on the Atlantic coast; Florida to Texas on the Gulf of Mexico coast, and Alaska to California on the Pacific coast. We shall discuss only the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) in detail.
Temporal determinants of neonatal alcohol-induced cerebellar damage and motor performance deficits

Abstract The timing and duration of alcohol exposure was manipulated in neonatal rats by using a “binge” model of alcohol exposure during the “third trimester equivalent.” Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to binges via artificial rearing on postnatal days (PD) 4–9, on PD 4–6 or on PD 7–9, which produced peak blood alcohol concentrations representative of human alcohol abusers (~250 mg/dl). Motor performance was assessed using parallel bar traversal on PD 42–44, and total Purkinje cell numbers were determined by using the 3-dimensional stereological optical fractionator method. PD 4–9 binge exposure induced the most severe Purkinje cell loss (to 68% of controls) and PD 4–6 binge exposure also produced significant loss (to 86% of controls), whereas PD 7–9 binge exposure had no significant effect (98% of controls). Unexpectedly, all three alcohol treatments resulted in significant impairments on the parallel bar task. The time of exposure during the early neonatal period in rats strongly influences the degree of Purkinje cell loss, but Purkinje cell loss is not necessary for the alcohol-induced motor performance deficits. Both neuromorphological and neurobehavioral assessments are needed for a full description of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
Generating hierarchical system descriptions for software error localization

The purpose of this study is to quantify ratios of coupling and cohesion and use them in the generation of hierarchical system descriptions. The ability of the hierarchical descriptions to localize errors by identifying error-prone system structure is evaluated using actual error data. Measures of data interaction called data bindings, are used as the basis for calculating software coupling and cohesion. A 135000 source line system from a production environment has been selected for empirical analysis. Software error data were collected from high-level system design through system test and from field operation of the system. A set of five tools is applied to calculate the data bindings automatically, and cluster analysis is used to determine a hierarchical description of each of the system's 77 subsystems. An analysis-of-variance model is used to characterize subsystems and individual routines that had either many/few errors or high/low error correction effort. >
The Effects of Endosequence Root Repair Material on Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells

Abstract Introduction Pulp capping techniques aim at preserving the vitality of pulp tissue, thus avoiding more invasive endodontic procedures. Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) has been recently introduced as a potential pulp capping material. It is hypothesized that ERRM promotes the healing of dental tissue, thus maintaining the integrity and vitality of the pulp after pulp capping procedures. However, the exact mechanism by which ERRM affects the pulp after pulp capping procedures is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this research was to delineate the effects of ERRM on the dental pulp and compare these effects to those of ProRoot MTA. Methods The effects of ERRM on dental pulp cells (DPCs) were compared with ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK). The effects of the 2 materials on the cells were analyzed using various assays such as flow cytometric analysis using FITC Annexin V and PI (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ), WST-1 proliferation assay (Millipore, Billerica, MA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance with a post hoc Tukey test and the level of significance set at P ≤ .05. Results The results showed that DPCs had similar percentages of viable cells when grown on either material. Furthermore, the proliferation rates, secretion of VEGF, and levels of ALP were similar for DPCs when cultured on either ERRM or ProRoot MTA. Conclusions Overall, this study showed similar survival and proliferation of DPCs when in contact with ERRM or ProRoot MTA, which could make it a suitable alternative for pulp capping procedures.
Quantum photonic devices in single-crystal diamond

Nitrogen–vacancy centers in diamond have outstanding quantum optical properties that enable applications in information processing and sensing. As with most solid-state systems for quantum photonic applications, the great promise lies in the capability to embed them in an on-chip optical network. Here we present basic integrated devices composed of diamond micro-ring resonators coupled to waveguides that are terminated with grating out-couplers. Strong enhancement is observed for the zero-phonon line of nitrogen–vacancy centers coupled to the ring resonance. The zero-phonon line is efficiently coupled from the ring into the waveguide and then scattered out of plane by the grating out-couplers.
A framework for standard modular simulation in semiconductor wafer fabrication systems

This paper presents the application of a framework, proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), for standard modular simulation in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (fabs). The application of the proposed framework resulted in the identification and specification of four different elements in the context of semiconductor fabs: (1) market sector, (2) hierarchical modeling levels, (3) simulation case studies, (4) models and data. An example of the application of the proposed simulation framework to a benchmark semiconductor fab model, the so-called Mini-fab, is presented. In this example, evaluation of production performance under different workforces is studied. Current and future research is focused on the improvement of the proposed framework (e.g., design and testing of generic case studies).
How does stigma spoil relationships? Evidence that perceived discrimination harms romantic relationship quality through impaired self-image

Research is beginning to reveal negative effects of perceived discrimination on romantic relationship quality among members of devalued groups, yet potential mechanisms driving these effects remain underexplored. In the current work, we examined the mediating role of self-image. Data from two cross-sectional studies with samples composed of racial minorities (Study 1) and sexual minorities (Study 2) provided support for a model, whereby the negative association between perceived discrimination and romantic relationship quality is partially mediated by impaired self-image.As proposed,results from bootstrapping analyses revealed significant indirect effects of perceived discrimination on relationship quality through self-image.Implications of social identity threats for the romantic relationships and families of members of stigmatized groups are discussed along with other potential mechanisms.
Regulation of cell-cell adhesion by the cadherin-catenin complex.

Ca 2+ -dependent cell–cell adhesion is regulated by the cadherin family of cell adhesion proteins. Cadherins form trans -interactions on opposing cell surfaces which result in weak cell–cell adhesion. Stronger cell–cell adhesion occurs by clustering of cadherins and through changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Although cadherins were thought to bind directly to the actin cytoskeleton through cytoplasmic proteins, termed α- and β-catenin, recent studies with purified proteins indicate that the interaction is not direct, and instead an allosteric switch in α-catenin may mediate actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Organization and function of the cadherin–catenin complex are additionally regulated by phosphorylation and endocytosis. Direct studies of cell–cell adhesion has revealed that the cadherin–catenin complex and the underlying actin cytoskeleton undergo a series of reorganizations that are controlled by the Rho GTPases, Rac1 and RhoA, that result in the expansion and completion of cell–cell adhesion. In the present article, in vitro protein assembly studies and live-cell studies of de novo cell–cell adhesion are discussed in the context of how the cadherin–catenin complex and the actin cytoskeleton regulate cell–cell adhesion.
Environmental Improvements in Lake Erie During the Past Decade

An analysis of Lake Erie water quality data for the past 10 years indicates a general improvement in the lake environment. Concentrations of phosphorus were relatively constant during the period 1970 to 1977; however, since that time significant declines have been observed. This improvement coincides with the approximate 800-metric-ton-per-year reduction in the phosphorus loading to the lake during the later part of the decade.
Standardization of Mexican trigrams

The present paper reports an attempt to standardize a large number of consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams on a sample of Spanish speakers. A total of 92 National University of Mexico students gave “Yes” or “No” responses to each of 987 trigrams in response to questions about whether or not the trigram looked or sounded like a word. The number of “Yes” responses for each trigram was used to define its meaningfulness and this number varied from a low of 3 to a high of 90. Internal consistency and comparisons with other studies suggest that the reliability of the ratings was high.
Exploring the usefulness of awareness widgets in online shared workspaces: A preliminary case study

Users of different online shared workspaces have different activity awareness needs that should be supported by the application. This support could be provided through the use of widgets, which should be easily understandable, easy to use, and provide information expected by users. We conducted a preliminary investigation of the use of awareness widgets in uCern, a shared online workspace in the healthcare industry. In particular, we analyzed which awareness widgets uCern users used most, reasons for their choices, and perceived usefulness of these widgets for workflow management. Data collected through interviews and surveys showed that users chose widgets for general, team, and group awareness; content management; supporting connection among collaborators; and use of utilitarian features. Issues faced by users, implications of the study, as well as directions for future research are suggested.
Enhancing EMF stability of solid-state ion-selective sensors by incorporating lipophilic silver-ligand complexes within polymeric films

Abstract The EMF stabilities of microfabricated ammonium and sodium ion-selective sensors prepared by incorporating a lipophilic silver-ligand complex and free ligand (either 1,3-(bis-phenylphosphine) propane (DPP) or thioether derivatized calix[4]arene (TDC)) along with appropriate ion-selective ionophores (nonactin or methylmonensin) within polymer films are examined. The silver-ligand complex and free ligand are added to function as a reversible electron redox pair at a polymer film/conductor (Ag0-epoxy) interface. The resulting solid-state sensors exhibit improved EMF stability during the first 20 h of soaking in a solution of analyte ion as well as over an extended 20-day period. Further, it is shown that the remaining initial EMF drift of the solid-state sensors, which results from water uptake by the film, can be further reduced by optimizing film plasticizers. With optimized plasticizer composition and a well-established electron transfer pair at the conductor/membrane interface, more stable potentiometric responses are achieved. Impedance studies of the solid-state ion sensors support the existence of a reversible redox couple at the Ag0-epoxy/membrane interface.
On dissociating the neural time course of the processing of positive emotions

Providing evidence for categorical theories of emotion mandates the inclusion of discrete emotion categories beyond the typical six "basic" emotions. Traditional neurophysiological investigations of emotion typically feature the six basic emotions with happiness as the lone positive exemplar. Here we studied how event-related potentials (ERPs) might differentiate between two positive emotional expressions: happiness and pride, and if so, at what time interval. Furthermore, given divergent findings in the ERP literature with respect to viewing emotional expressions, we explicitly examined how task type modulates neurophysiological responses when the same stimuli are viewed. While a continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, 20 healthy participants completed two tasks: an implicit task where participants judged whether or not a face featured a brown spot (freckle), and an explicit task where they judged the face as portraying a "happy," "proud," or "neutral" expression. Behavioral performance exceeded 90% accuracy on both tasks. In the explicit task, participants responded faster and more accurately for Happy compared to Proud and Neutral expressions. Neurophysiologically, amplitudes for N170, VPP and P250 ERPs differentiated emotional from neutral expressions, but not from each other. In contrast, the late SPW component significantly differentiated Happy and Proud expressions from each other. Moreover, main effects of Task were found for the VPP, P250, LPP and SPW; additionally, Emotion X Task interactions were observed for P250 and SPW. Our data stress that task demands may magnify or diminish neural processing differences between emotion categories, which therefore cannot be disentangled with a single experimental paradigm. Additionally, some ERP differences may also reflect variations in categorization difficulty.
Action Switching in Brain-Body-Environment Systems

In recent years, the cognitive sciences have been converging upon an integrated perspective, a perspective that reframes behavior and cognition as a special type of self-organization that arises through the nonlinear, distributed interactions between brain, body and environment (abbreviated BBE). The BBE perspective has been separately developed by multiple lines of research such as the extended mind (Clark and Chalmers 1998), distributed cognition (Hutchins 2000), embodied cognition (Clark 1998), enactive cognition (Noė 2005; Thompson 2007; Varela et al. 1992) ), situated cognition (Clancey 1997; Hutchins 1995), and the dynamical approaches to cognition (Beer 1995b; Thelen and Smith 1996; Kelso 1995; Port and van Gelder 1995). These different theories all emphasize different elements of the BBE; either the body, or the environment, or the temporal element. But their different theories are friendly to each other and can be brought together into a broader, integrated perspective. By bringing focus to all of the relevant components and their interactions, cognitive systems are transformed into seemingly self-organizing systems, in which behavior and cognition become a dynamical process that unfolds through distributed interactions (Kelso 1995; Maturana and Varela 1980; Thompson 2007).
Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury — Resisting the Sirens' Song

The results of two randomized, controlled trials of the neurosteroid progesterone in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), now published in the Journal, 1,2 showed no benefit with respect to favorable functional outcome at 6 months, as assessed by means of the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E), or several prespecified secondary outcomes. Both trials selected and stratified patients on the basis of a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. The Study of a Neuroprotective Agent, Progesterone, in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (SYNAPSE), conducted by Skolnick et al.,1 completed enrollment of 1195 participants with severe TBI, whereas the Progesterone for Traumatic Brain . . .
Ethnicity and Sexual Attitudes Affect Women’s Judgments of Sexual Victimization Risk

This study evaluated the effects of ethnicity, sexual attitudes, and sexual victimization history on women's judgments of sexual victimization risk in a set of dating and social scenarios. An ethnically diverse sample of undergraduate women ( n = 408) were asked to rate how risky the situations were in terms of having an unwanted sexual experience. American Indian women rated the situations as more risky than did non-Hispanic White or Hispanic women. In addition, participants with more positive attitudes toward a range of sexual experiences rated the situations as less risky than did women with less positive attitudes. Possible implications are discussed.
Piezoaeroelastic investigation on the control and energy harvesting of galloping systems

A piezoaeroelastic investigation on the control and energy harvesting of galloping system is performed when considering complex electrical impedance. The aeroelastic system is composed of a unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam with a square cylinder attached at its tip and subjected to transverse galloping excitations. A nonlinear distributed-parameter model is developed when considering various scenarios of connections between electrical resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Theoretical strategies are developed in order to determine the relation between the onset speed of galloping and the components of the electrical impedance. The results show that the presence of the capacitance and inductance is not beneficial in terms of improving the levels of the harvested power crossing the load resistance. On the other hand, it is shown that the inclusion of these electrical components may be useful for energy harvesting purposes when charging/discharging batteries. One of the important findings of this study is that including an inductance in connection to a load resistance is very beneficial for control purposes because a significant increase in the onset speed of galloping can be obtained.
DTL-RnB: Algorithms and Tools for Summarizing the Space of DTL Reconciliations

Phylogenetic tree reconciliation is an important technique for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and genes and other dependent entities. Reconciliation is typically performed in a maximum parsimony framework and the number of optimal reconciliations can grow exponentially with the size of the trees, making it difficult to understand the solution space. This paper demonstrates how a small number of reconciliations can be found that collectively contain the most highly supported events in the solution space. While we show that the formal problem is NP-complete, we give a $1-\frac{1}{e}$ approximation algorithm, experimental results that indicate its effectiveness, and the new DTL-RnB software tool that uses our algorithms to summarize the space of optimal reconciliations ( www.cs.hmc.edu/dtlrnb ).
Computer Assisted Femoral Augmentation: Modeling and Experimental Validation

We report the results of planning and experimental validation of femoroplasty—augmentation of mechanical properties of the bone using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement injection—on osteoporotic femurs. For six pairs of osteoporotic femurs, finite element (FE) models were created using computed tomography (CT) scan data and an evolutionary method was used to optimize the cement pattern in one of the models from each pair. Using a particle method and the CT data, cement diffusion was modeled for several hypothetical augmentations and the one most closely matching the optimized pattern was chosen as the best plan. We used intra-operative navigation and a custom-designed injection device to deliver the cement into the bones precisely according to the plan. All femurs were then tested mechanically in a configuration simulating a fall to the side. Augmentation with this technique resulted in an increase in the yield load (28%) and yield energy (142%) compared to the control specimens, while only 9:8ml of cement was injected on average. Results support our hypothesis that significant improvements in the mechanical properties of osteoporotic femurs can be achieved by using minimal, and hence safe, amounts of PMMA bone cement.
Taxonomy and Morphology of Hypocrea Citrina

A new variety of Hypocrea citrina is described. It and H. citrina var. citrina have asci and perithecia of the Nectria developmental type, but in addition produce short basal paraphyses early in ce...
A Correlation Between Relative Cation Radius and the Phase Stability of Zirconolite

The maximum solubilities of several different cations in zirconolite (CaZrTi 2 O 7 ) were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. A parameter termed the relative radius ratio, defined as the ratio of the average radius of all atoms substituting for Ca and Zr to the average radius of all atoms substituting for Ti, was calculated for each chemical system, using coordination-dependent ionic radii obtained from the literature. It was found that with the possible exception of systems containing A1 3+ , regardless of the chemical system studied, and for additional chemical systems described in the literature, the relative radius ratio for zirconolite is 1.59, with a less than one percent standard deviation, at its solubility limit. Similar strong correlations were found between relative radius ratio and phase stability for crystallographically related rhombohedral and pyrochlore structures that also appear in these systems. These results suggest that the phase stability of zirconolite is generally governed by geometry and that chemical effects are of secondary importance
Both Intermittent and Continuous Dosing Regimens Of Pomalidomide Mediate Broad Activation Of Innate and Adaptive Immunity In Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma: Results Of A Phase II Randomized Trial

Pomalidomide (POM) is a novel IMiD® immunomodulatory agent with clinical activity in several settings including in relapsed / resistant myeloma (RRMM). Several preclinical studies have documented the immunologic effects of IMiD® immunomodulatory drugs. IMiD® now form the backbone of several emerging combination therapies in hematologic malignancies. In prior studies, the clinical activity of POM in relapsed myeloma has been demonstrated using both continuous and intermittent dosing regimens with and without steroids. However the impact of the specific POM dosing regimen and the effect of concurrent steroids (as commonly utilized in most combination regimens) on POM-induced immune activation in vivo is unknown. In order to evaluate these issues more directly, we analyzed samples from patients enrolled in a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing two POM dosing schedules. Comparison of drug-induced immune activation between the two dosing schedules was one of the pre-specified endpoints in this study. Patients (n=39) with RRMM documented to be refractory to lenalidomide were randomized to therapy with POM 2 mg/day for 28/28 days (Arm A, n=19) or POM 4 mg/day for 21/28 days (Arm B, n=20) of a 28 day cycle. All patients (pts) received POM alone for cycle 1, followed by the addition of dexamethasone (DEX) at 40 mg weekly in subsequent cycles in both arms. In recent studies, we have shown that immune effects of lenalidomide are manifest early, within a week of initiation of therapy (Richter et al, Blood 121:423, 2013). Therefore each patient was analyzed 1 week after initiation of POM alone at 2 or 4 mg (cycle 1) or POM + DEX (cycle 2). POM therapy led to an increase in T cells at day 7 after initiation of therapy (mean percent increase compared to baseline 47%, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A NEW SPECIES OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM AN INLAND BAHAMIAN CARBONATE MARSH

A new benthic foraminifer, Helenina davescottensis nov. sp., is described from an oligohaline carbonate marsh (palustrine environment) located in a sinkhole on Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas. The uppermost stratigraphy in the sinkhole is characterized by up to 260 cm of peat, which is overlain by 5–10 cm of carbonate sediment that contain H. davescottensis . Ontogenetic variability is illustrated with a full sequence of individuals from two chambers (proloculus + first chamber) through eight chambers. Chamber arrangement is planispiral evolute in juveniles that have fewer than three chambers, but arrangement changes to trochospiral evolute when the fourth chamber is added. Adults rarely exceeded 6–7 chambers and were never observed with more than 8 chambers. Supplementary apertures are common and diverse, and multi-chambered individuals typically achieve 100–200 μm in diameter. Helenina davescottensis was found co-occurring with other low-oligohaline microfossils ( Jadammina macrescens , testate amoebae, charophytes, and hydrobiid gastropods), but not other common euryhaline hyaline foraminifera (e.g., H. anderseni , Ammonia tepida ). Given the sinkhole stratigraphy, perhaps H. davescottensis was an early colonizer of a recently generated palustrine environment.
Developing Spatial Skills for Social Robots.

Robots that navigate around people must be able to follow human social conventions in order to for non-roboticists to understand and predict the robot’s motion. In order to improve social robot navigation, then, we must understand what conventions people use. This paper presents preliminary results from an observational study of older adults walking together, describes how these findings can be applied to a social robot, and concludes by discussing the multidisciplinary nature of this research.
What systems are essential to achieving the sustainable development goals and what will it take to marshal them

The sustainable development goal (SDG) for health is linked to 67 indicators, eight times more than their predecessor, the Millenium Development Goals. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the information infrastructure is not yet able to collect and use the data needed for the indicators. As they seek to be responsive to the SDG agenda, LMICs must not lose sight of their local data needs; they should be cautious about embracing untested electronic technologies for data collection, analysis, and use; carefully balance the care provision and data collection responsibilities of care providers; and use evidence of what works in strengthening their health information systems (HIS). While attending to these concerns, countries can look for instances in which SDG indicators are in sync with their own HIS goals.
Secondary Ossification Center Appearance and Closure in the Pelvis and Proximal Femur.

Introduction Variable ossification patterns of the pelvis in skeletally immature patients can make the interpretation of pelvic radiographs challenging. Inconsistencies among prior studies and lack of sex comparisons underscore the need for a more comprehensive characterization of the secondary ossification centers. This study evaluates the chronology and sex differences for appearance and closure of pelvic and proximal femoral secondary ossification centers using computed tomography (CT). Methods Patients who underwent abdominal and pelvic CT scans between January 2009 and December 2014 at 2 tertiary level 1 trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients between the ages of 2 and 32 years with adequate imaging of the pelvis and proximal femurs were included. Patients with a history of orthopaedic trauma or pathology affecting ossification were excluded. CT scans were assessed for the appearance and closure of the following secondary ossification centers: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), femoral head (FH), greater trochanter (GT), iliac crest (IC), ischial tuberosity (IT), lesser trochanter (LT), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), symphysis pubis (SP), and triradiate cartilage (TRC). Basic descriptive statistics are reported. Results A total of 496 CT scans met inclusion criteria (240 males and 256 females). The order of appearance of the secondary ossification centers was: (male) GT, LT, AIIS, IT, ASIS, PSIS, IC, and SP; (female) GT, LT, IT, AIIS, PSIS, IC, ASIS, and SP. The order of closure was similar: (male) TRC, LT, FH, AIIS, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP; (female) LT, TRC, AIIS, FH, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP. Female ossification centers appeared ∼1 to 2 years before males in all locations. Female ossification centers closed ∼1 to 2 years before males in all locations except TRC, IC, and SP. Conclusions The appearance and closure of the pelvis and proximal femur secondary ossification centers follow a predictable pattern of development, occurring slightly earlier in females than males. Knowledge of more precise ages of development and sex differences better characterize this complex skeletal development. Future studies may use secondary ossification centers to further evaluate skeletal maturity, assess pediatric pathology, and aid surgical management. Level of evidence Level III.
Homologous Style Structures in Hohokam and Trincheras Art

ABSTRACTIncreased contacts between Hohokam communities in southern Arizona and Trincheras communities in northwestern Sonora are documented through stylistic analysis of rock and ceramic art. Intriguing similarities between geometric design styles of the Hohokam and Trincheras areas are used to suggest when and how contacts were made. We present a method for documenting stylistic similarity in an unbiased manner by comparing primary design structure and design symmetry. This approach identifies aspects of shared design style and assesses its significance. The study compares petroglyphs from the Trincheras area with painted ceramic designs from the Hohokam area. Ideas concerning regional organizational development toward social complexity, initiated from analyses of shell remains, also are evaluated.