cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isaiah's Christ in Matthew's Gospel: Isaiah 42.1–4 within the context of Matthew 11–13

The historical usage and influence of Isa. 42.1–4, as observed in chapter 3, appears to demonstrate that the passage contributed to the understanding of the character and expectation of the messianic age. In particular, where it is employed to support the messianic ideal, the concepts of spirit, justice and the universal rule of the messiah are also manifest. The primary question of concern here is whether Matthew drew upon such a perception and incorporated it into his presentation of Jesus. Given the manner in which Matthew employed Isa. 7.14, 8.23b–9.1 and 53.4, one might expect his use of the passage to reflect his theological concerns. But this is to anticipate a conclusion without exploring the data. The evidence certainly supports a web of verbal and metaphorical relationships between certain citations and their immediate and remote contexts. Whether this can be maintained for Isa. 42.1–4 in Matt. 12.18–21 is a more difficult matter and is the subject of this chapter. Two remarks that impinge upon the study may be made at this point regarding Matthean text-form. First, Matthew's redactional treatment of Mark and Q reveals an author who, although creative, is fastidious with these sources, and predisposes one to assume that a similar posture is taken with regard to his other sources. One may thus cautiously affirm the argument that the unique text-form found in these citations reflects his particular theological interests.
Nonlinear Problems across a Point of Resonance for Nonselfadjoint Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter examines nonlinear problems across a point of resonance for nonselfadjoint systems. Some existences theorems viewed in the course of the paper are existence at resonance and existence theorems across a point of reference. Moreover, a study of QNx, x* in the uniform topology is done. Thereafter, existence theorems for the scalar case by uniform topology are examined. The chapter also presents extensions to the Case of P and Q Orthogonal.
The myth of source

If determinism is a threat to freedom, that threat derives solely from its alleged eradication of power. The source incompatibilist mistakenly supposes that special views about the self are required to insure that we are the ultimate source of and in control of our decisions and actions. Source incompatibilism fails whether it takes the form of Robert Kane’s event-causal libertarianism or the various agent-causal varieties defended by Derk Pereboom and Randolph Clarke. It is argued that the sort of control free agents need to possess and exercise can be secured without metaphysical excess. If there is a free will problem, it is the one G. E. Moore addressed in 1912. He concluded that persons can act otherwise in a deterministic world. We should continue to try to figure out whether he was right or wrong.
Within the Law: The Establishment of Filipino Leasing Rights on the Yakima Indian Reservation

(1986). Within the Law: The Establishment of Filipino Leasing Rights on the Yakima Indian Reservation. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 99-117.
In vitro toxicity assessment of emitted materials collected during the manufacture of water pipe plastic linings

Objectives: US water infrastructure is in need of widespread repair due to age-related deterioration. Currently, the cured-in-place (CIPP) procedure is the most common method for water pipe repair....
Sound and turbulence modulation by particles in high-speed shear flows

High-speed free-shear-flow turbulence, laden with droplets or particles, can radiate weaker pressure fluctuations than its unladen counterpart. In this study, Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of high-speed temporally evolving shear layers laden with monodisperse, adiabatic, inertial particles are used to examine particle–turbulence interactions and their effect on radiated pressure fluctuations. An evolution equation for gas-phase pressure intensity is formulated for particle-laden flows, and local mechanisms of pressure changes are quantified over a range of Mach numbers and particle mass loadings. Particle–turbulence interactions alter the local pressure intensity directly via volume displacement (due to the flow of finite-size particles) and drag coupling (due to local slip velocity between phases), and indirectly through significant turbulence changes. The sound radiation intensity near subsonic mixing layers increases with mass loading, consistent with existing low Mach number theory. For supersonic flows, sound levels decrease with mass loading, consistent with trends observed in previous experiments. Particle-laden cases exhibit reduced turbulent kinetic energy compared to single-phase flow, providing one source of their sound changes; however, the subsonic flow does not support such an obvious source-to-sound decomposition to explain its sound intensity increase. Despite its decrease in turbulence intensity, the louder particle-laden subsonic flows show an increase in the magnitude and time-rate-of-change of fluid dilatation, providing a mechanism for its increased sound radiation. Contrasting this, the quieter supersonic particle-laden flows exhibit decreased gas-phase dilatation yet its time-rate-of-change is relatively insensitive to mass loading, supporting such a connection.
Prospects for economical natural colorants: insights from maize

Anthocyanin pigments from maize offer a natural yet economical alternative to artificial dyes. Breeding for optimal colorant production requires understanding and integrating all facets of anthocyanin chemistry and genetics research. Replacing artificial dyes with natural colorants is becoming increasingly popular in foods and beverages. However, natural colorants are often expensive, have lower stability, and reduced variability in hue. Purple corn is rich in anthocyanins and offers a scalable and affordable alternative to synthetic dyes ranging in color from orange to reddish-purple. This diversity is attributable to differences in anthocyanin composition and concentration. Here we review the chemistry, biosynthesis, and genetics of purple corn and outline key factors associated with the feasibility of producing an economical source of natural colorants. Anthocyanin compositional modifications including acylation, methylation, and polymerization with flavan-3-ols can influence color stability and hue, yet there is more to learn regarding the genetic factors responsible for these modifications. Activators and repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes as well as factors controlling trafficking and storage largely control anthocyanin yield. Further knowledge of these mechanisms will allow breeders to apply molecular strategies that accelerate the production of purple corn hybrids to meet growing demands for natural colorants.
Conversation Cafés and Conceptual Framework Formation for Research Training and Mentoring of Underrepresented Faculty at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Obesity Health Disparities (OHD) PRIDE Program.

The development of research training opportunities for investigators from the untapped pool of traditionally underrepresented racial/ethnic groups has gained intense interest at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The significant and persistent disparity in the likelihood of R01 funding between African American and Whites was highlighted in the groundbreaking 2011 report, Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards. Disparities in funding success were also shown to exist at the institutional level, as 30 institutions receive a disproportionate share of federal research funding. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have a dual commitment to education and research; however, the teaching loads at HBCUs may present challenges for research-oriented faculty. Few research training and mentoring programs have been specifically designed for this group. During 2015 and 2016, we held three conversation cafes with 77 participants in Jackson, Mississippi and Baltimore, Maryland. The purpose of this article is to describe findings from these conversation cafes regarding barriers and facilitators to building robust research careers at HBCUs, and to illustrate how these data were used to adapt the conceptual framework for the NHLBI-funded Obesity Health Disparities (OHD) PRIDE program. Identified barriers included teaching and advising loads, infrastructures, and lack of research mentors on campus. The benefit of incorporating research into classroom teaching was a noted facilitator.
Effect of Ligand Structure on the Electron Density and Activity of Iridium Catalysts for the Borylation of Alkanes

An in-depth study of iridium catalysts for the borylation of alkyl C–H bonds is reported. Although the borylation of aryl C–H bonds can be catalyzed by iridium complexes containing phen or bpy liga...
Differences in Diet Quality among Multiple US Racial/Ethnic Groups from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background Diet quality is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the diet quality of South Asians in the United States, a group with higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Objective This study determined whether diet quality differs between South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and whites, Chinese Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Cross-sectional data from 3926 participants free of CVD from MESA visit 5 (2010-2011) and 889 South Asian participants from MASALA visit 1 (2010-2013) were pooled. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) derived using FFQs. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to compare mean differences in diet quality between the racial/ethnic groups. Results MESA participants were, on average, 14 y older than MASALA participants. The adjusted mean (95% CI) scores for the AHEI-2010 were 70.2 (69.5, 70.9) among South Asians, 66.2 (66.3, 68.2) among Chinese Americans, 61.1 (60.7, 61.6) among whites, 59.0 (58.4, 59.7) among Hispanics, and 57.5 (56.9, 58.1) among African Americans. The mean AHEI scores among South Asians were 3.1 (1.8, 4.3), 9.2 (8.3, 10.1), 11.2 (10.2, 12.3), and 12.8 (11.8, 13.7) points higher compared with Chinese Americans, whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, respectively. Conclusions South Asian adults in the United States have a higher diet quality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. This paradoxical finding is not consistent with the observed higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other groups. This is further evidence of the importance of studying the South Asian population to better understand the causes of chronic disease not explained by diet quality.
A quantitative analysis of biomechanical lung model consistency using 5DCT datasets.

PURPOSE Lung biomechanical models are important for understanding and characterizing lung anatomy and physiology. A key parameter of biomechanical modeling is the underlying tissue elasticity distribution. While human lung elasticity estimations do not have ground truths, model consistency checks can and should be employed to gauge the stability of the estimation techniques. This work proposes such a consistency check using a set of 10 subjects. METHODS We hypothesize that lung dynamics will be stable over a 2-3 min time period and that this stability can be employed to check biomechanical estimation stability. For this purpose, two sets of 12 fast helical free breathing computed tomography scans (FHFBCT) were acquired back-to-back for each of the subjects. A published breathing motion model [five-dimensional CT (5DCT)] was generated from each set. Both of the models were used to generate two biomechanical modeling input sets: (a) The lung geometry at the end-exhalation, and (b) the voxel displacement map that mapped the end-exhalation lung geometry with the end-inhalation lung geometry. Finite element biomechanical lung models were instantiated using the end-exhalation lung geometries. The models included voxel-specific lung tissue elasticity values and were optimized using a gradient search approach until the biomechanical model-generated displacement maps matched those of the 5DCT voxel displacement maps. Finally, the two elasticity distributions associated with each of the patient 5DCTs were quantitatively compared. Because the end-exhalation geometries differed slightly between the two scan datasets, the elasticity distributions were deformably mapped to one of the exhalation datasets. RESULTS For the 10 patients, on average, 90% of parenchymal voxels had <2 kPa Young's modulus difference between the two estimations, with a mean voxel difference of only 0.6 kPa. Similarly, 97% of the parenchymal voxels had <2 mm displacement difference between the two models with a mean difference of 0.48 mm. Furthermore, overlapping elasticity histograms for voxels between -600 and -900 HU (parenchymal tissues) showed that the histograms were consistent between the two estimations. CONCLUSION In this paper, we demonstrated that biomechanical lung models can be consistently estimated when using motion-model based imaging datasets, even though the models were created from scans acquired at different breaths.
Royal Illness and Kingship Ideology in the Hebrew Bible

In this book, Isabel Cranz offers the first systematic study of royal illness in the Books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles. Applying a diachronic approach, she compares and contrasts how the different views concerning kingship and illness are developed in the larger trajectory of the Hebrew Bible. As such, she demonstrates how a framework of meaning is constructed around the motif of illness, which is expanded in several redactional steps. This development takes different forms and relates to issues such as problems with kingship, the cultic, and moral conduct of individual kings, or the evaluation of dynasties. Significantly, Cranz shows how the scribes living in post-monarchic Judah expanded the interpretive framework of royal illness until it included a message of destruction and a critique of kingship. The physical and mental integrity of the king, therefore, becomes closely tied to his nation and the political system he represents.
Use of IL-23 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with multiple comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis and coronary artery disease, that can severely impact an individual’s quality of life and daily functioning. In recent years, enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, especially the role of T helper 17 cells, has resulted in the development of new classes of biologic drugs targeting modulators along its disease pathway. Among these, inhibitors of interleukin-23 (e.g., ustekinumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, and risankizumab) have emerged as safe and effective options for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis; ustekinumab and guselkumab have additionally been approved to treat psoriatic arthritis. Selective interleukin-23 inhibitors require less frequent dosing than interleukin-17 inhibitors and may possess a more favorable risk profile without an increased risk of candidiasis or inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, these highly effective medications are contributing to a rising standard for psoriasis outcomes through resolution of skin lesions and joint manifestations and improvement of patient quality of life.
Origami inspired phononic structure with metamaterial inclusions for tunable angular wave steering

The ability to create directional sound beams is fundamental to acoustic sensing. Traditionally, acoustic beams are most commonly produced by phased arrays, which increase the cost and complexity of the systems in which they are implemented. Phononic structures have theoretically been shown to possess Dirac cones that can be manipulated to produce angular collimated beams. Dirac cones are usually encountered in phononic crystals with inclusions significantly more compressible than the surrounding media, e.g., rubber inclusions in a water medium, a characteristic not easily realized in air. In addition, there are no effective and practical means to tune phononic structures that can achieve a broad range of Dirac point manipulation, which is essential to changing the direction and focus of acoustic beams. To advance the state of the art, this research proposes a novel approach to produce steerable collimated beams in air by harnessing reconfigurable origami phononic structures with adjustable metamaterial inclusions. The proposed structure is shown to produce dramatic lattice reconfiguration and control of Dirac points in a broad range, and thus achieve collimated beams with on-demand tunable frequency and angle. These advancements provide a simple, cost-effective alternative to acoustic phased arrays, greatly expanding the potential of acoustic sensing.
Expanding Student Success: The Impact of a Comprehensive College Transition Program on Psychosocial Outcomes

This study examines the impact of a comprehensive college transition program, the Thompson Scholars Learning Communities (TSLC), on psychosocial outcomes using an experimental design. We estimate o...
Hurst estimation for operator scaling random fields

Abstract Estimation method for Hurst indices in operator scaling Gaussian random field is developed. The model used in this paper has two Hurst parameters along the two orthogonal directions. The two directions are estimated first, then Hurst indices are estimated along the estimated directions. The performance of estimator is investigated theoretically and empirically.
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of Au38(SC6H13)24 monolayer-protected clusters resolved by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

Electronic relaxation dynamics of neutral Au38(SC6H13)24 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), following excitation of the mixed 15 875 cm−1 charge transfer resonance, were studied using femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). The excited carriers relax by three different mechanisms, including an ∼100 fs HOMO−12/−13 to HOMO−4/−6 hole transfer, picosecond HOMO−4/−6 to HOMO hole transfer, and subsequent electron–hole recombination that persisted beyond the hundreds of picoseconds measurement range. The fsTA data revealed two transient bleach components at 15 820 and 15 625 cm−1, where the lower frequency component exhibited a delayed first-order buildup of 80 ± 25 fs that matched the decay of the high-energy bleach component (110 ± 45 fs). These results suggested that the excited charge carriers internally relax within the exited-state manifold in ≈100 fs. 2DES resolved multiple electronic fine-structure transient peaks that spanned excitation frequencies ranging from 15 500 to 16 100 cm−1. State-to-state dynamics were understood by the analysis of time-dependent 2DES transient signal amplitudes at numerous excitation-detection frequency combinations. An off-diagonal cross peak at 15 825–15 620 cm−1 excitation-detection signified the HOMO−12/−13 to HOMO−4/−6 hole transfer process. The lowest-frequency (15 620 cm−1) 2DES diagonal fine-structure peak exhibited instantaneous amplitude but intensified following a 75 ± 10 fs buildup when compared to diagonal peaks at higher frequencies. This observation indicated that the charge transfer resonance in Au38(SC6H13)24 MPCs is comprised of several electronic transitions of unique spectral weights, which may result from different orbital contributions associated with specific cluster domains. The use of 2DES in combination with structurally precise MPCs can provide a platform for understanding structure-dependent electronic dynamics in metal nanoclusters and technologically important metal–chalcogenide interfaces.
A solver for reachability modulo theories

Consider a sequential programming language with control flow constructs such as assignments, choice, loops, and procedure calls. We restrict the syntax of expressions in this language to one that can be efficiently decided by a satisfiability-modulo-theories solver. For such a language, we define the problem of deciding whether a program can reach a particular control location as the reachability-modulo-theories problem. This paper describes the architecture of Corral, a semi-algorithm for the reachability-modulo-theories problem. Corraluses novel algorithms for inlining procedures on demand (Stratified Inlining) and abstraction refinement (Hierarchical Refinement). The paper also presents an evaluation of Corralagainst other related tools. Corralconsistently outperforms its competitors on most benchmarks.
Electron transport systems of yeast. IV. Preparation and properties of a particulate DPNH, succinate cytochrome c reductase.

Abstract A preparation of DPNH, succinate cytochrome c reductase has been isolated from yeast electron transport particles (ETP) and purified 4- to 5-fold. The enzyme preparation contained cytochrome b , cytochromes c + c 1 , nonheme iron, and labile sulfide in approximately equimolar amounts and 22% lipid on a dry weight basis. In addition the preparations contained coenzyme Q and flavin, and a small amount of copper. Addition of either succinate or DPNH to the preparations resulted in the reduction of approximately all the cytochrome c + c 1 present, but only 60–70% of the cytochrome b . The enzyme preparation was strongly inhibited by antimycin A, and less so by cyanide and p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid. Enzymic activity was unaffected by seconal, rotenone, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Antimycin A appeared to have a site of action located on the enzyme between cytochromes b and c 1 in the sequence of electron transfer.
Regulation of rabbit α1‐acid glycoprotein gene expression in acute‐phase liver

To identify the cis-acting DNA sequences responsible for inducible transcription of rabbit α1-acid glycoprotein gene, 5′-flanking region containing 529 bp of this gene and its various 5′-deletions were linked to the reporter gene coding for the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and analyzed for their ability to confer cytokine-mediated inducibility to the reporter CAT gene in liver cells. Deletion analysis has identified a 151-bp region from the sequence – 186 to –35, that contains the regulatory promoter element(s) responsible for stimulation mediated by cytokines present in the conditioned-medium. Using mobility shift assays, we have identified highly inducible nuclear factors in acute liver nuclear extract that interact with this regulatory promoter region. DNase I footprint analysis has revealed two adjacent nuclear factor binding sites and competition of DNA-binding activity has indicated that the distal element of these two sites has higher affinity for nuclear factors than the proximal one. Both of these two regions have been found to be capable of directing conditioned-medium-induced transcription. Studies on the characterization of nuclear factors binding to these elements have shown that they belong to a class of transcription factors called CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). Our results indicate that binding of C/EBP-like factors to the inducible promoter elements of rabbit α1-acid glycoprotein gene is highly specific and the induction of this gene under acute-phase conditions may involve their participation.
Objective and subjective memory ratings in cannabis‐dependent adolescents

Background and Objectives Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide, with an estimated 160 million users. Among adolescents, rates of cannabis use are increasing, while the perception of detrimental effects of cannabis use is declining. Difficulty with memory is one of the most frequently noted cognitive deficits associated with cannabis use, but little data exist exploring how well users can identify their own memory deficits, if present. Methods The current secondary analysis sought to characterize objective verbal and visual memory performance via a neurocognitive battery in cannabis-dependent adolescents enrolled in a pharmacotherapeutic cannabis cessation clinical trial (N = 112) and compare this to a single self-reported item assessing difficulties with memory loss. Exploratory analyses also assessed dose-dependent effects of cannabis on memory performance. Results A small portion of the study sample (10%) endorsed a “serious problem” with memory loss. Those participants reporting “no problem” or “serious problem” scored similarly on visual and verbal memory tasks on the neurocognitive battery. Exploratory analyses suggested a potential relationship between days of cannabis use, amount of cannabis used, and gender with memory performance. Conclusions and Scientific Significance This preliminary and exploratory analysis suggests that a sub-set of cannabis users may not accurately perceive difficulties with memory. Further work should test this hypothesis with the use of a control group, comprehensive self-reports of memory problems, and adult populations that may have more years of cannabis use and more severe cognitive deficits. (Am J Addict 2015;24:47–52)
New Rheological Model for Soil Behavior

A new rheological model for soil behavior, which consists of a series of Bingham and Voigt models, was proposed from uniaxial creep test results. This model, which is called the visco-plastic-elastic model, may suffice to explain the state changes of soil based on state of water content and stress level. Three submodels, visco-elastic model, visco-plastic model, and viscous model, were consequently deduced from the original model basically by boundaries of critical stress and consistencies, i.e., visco-plastic limit and liquid limit. The creep and flow behaviors of these three models have been examined in relation to the general soil properties.
9.1.2 Two‐stage Multi‐objective Analysis in the Assignment of Federal Air Marshals

The United States Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS) plays a critical role in ensuring safe travel aboard United States (US) air carriers. Federal Air Marshall agents, who operate out of field offices throughout the US, are assigned to accompany flights in order to deter and respond to hostile acts. In an era of limited resources, the FAMS is interested in optimally locating its field offices and agents to minimize the overall risk to the US air transportation system. This represents a highly constrained and complex optimization problem that resists standard techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach that leverages the value-focused thinking to model risk and optimize risk mitigation. Our approach uses a novel two-stage approach to risk analysis that reduces the optimization burden and provides a solution to the FAMS.
Transfinite iteration functionals and ordinal arithmetic

We investigate the relationship between (countable) transfinite iteration and ordinal arithmetic. The nice connection between finite iteration and addition, multiplication, and exponentiation is lost when passing to the transfinite. In this note, we investigate a new equivalence relation on ordinal functionals with respect to which we restore the connection.
LiNiPO4-LiCoPO4 solid solutions as cathodes

Abstract LiNiPO 4 –LiCoPO 4 solid solutions were investigated as potential cathodes for use in Li-ion batteries. Cyclic voltammetry and discharge curves reveal that the discharge capacity of the LiNiPO 4 –LiCoPO 4 solid solutions is associated entirely with the Co 3+ /Co 2+ redox couple at a potential of 4.7–4.8 V. The effect of Ni is to reduce the length of the 4.7–4.8 V plateau.
Force-feeding prisoners is wrong.

Although force-feeding prisoners might seem to be in the interests of beneficence and justice, international codes of ethics permit prisoners to refuse nourishment if they make a rational, uncoerced choice to do so.
Synthesis of a new hollandite-type manganese oxide with framework and interstitial Cr(III)

Hollandite with Cr(III) in both tunnel and framework sites has been prepared hydrothermally from layered manganese oxide precursors.
Growth in Reading Achievement of Students with Disabilities, Ages 7 to 17:

Using data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SRI International, 2002), this study estimated reading growth trajectories in a nationally representative sample of 3,421 students with disabilities ages 7 to 17 representing 11 federal disability categories. Reading achievement in all disability categories increased with age, but the rate of growth decreased with age. Average reading achievement differed by disability category. Students with speech or visual impairments performed highest; students with multiple disabilities or intellectual disabilities performed lowest. Although growth over time was comparable across disability categories, students with speech or hearing impairments or autism improved more slowly than students with learning disabilities. Gender, racial and ethnic, and socioeconomic differences were observed. Implications for accountability policies are discussed.
More Is More: Strengthening Free Exercise, Speech, and Association

Prominent scholars have suggested that one important means of strengthening the First Amendment is by limiting its protections to “core” interests. Philip Hamburger has asserted the argument most forcefully. His generalized worry is that expanding the coverage of First Amendment rights can shift absolute protection of a defined core to contingent “balancing” for all claims asserted under those rights. In Hamburger’s words, “more is less.” We can think of cautions like these as arguments for rights confinement. On this view, legal doctrine will be most resilient to cultural pressures when it is construed narrowly. But the interplay between doctrine and cultural views suggests that rights confinement is an unproven, and indeed, unprovable, theory. Sometimes rights expansion will increase rights protection. Sometimes “more is more.” This Article explores the choice between rights expansion and rights confinement, and the influence of cultural views on that choice. It focuses on the rights of free exercise, speech, and association. Part I describes the inclination toward rights confinement in First Amendment scholarship. Part II critiques Hamburger’s “more is less” claim in the free exercise context and suggests that although Hamburger correctly diagnoses a weakened free exercise right, he fails to establish rights expansion as its cause. Parts III and IV offer an alternative explanation for the weakened free exercise right: shifting cultural views about religious liberty and the government interests with which it intersects. Part V discusses why cultural views may play differently for rights expansion of the rights of speech and association. Part VI considers the implications of the relationship between cultural views and First Amendment rights for a contemporary constitutional challenge: private, noncommercial groups that resist antidiscrimination norms.
Job Loss and Health in the U.S. Labor Market

While U.S. unemployment rates remain low, rates of job loss are high and rising. Job loss is also becoming increasingly common in more advantaged, white-collar occupations. This article is concerned with how these patterns impact the health of U.S. workers. Drawing on recent data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I find that job loss harms health, beyond sicker people being more likely to lose their jobs. Respondents who lost jobs but were reemployed at the survey faced an increased risk of developing new health conditions; they were not, however, more likely to describe their health in negative terms. This suggests that recent job “churning” within the United States (i.e., high rates of job loss but low unemployment) may impact certain health outcomes but not others. I find no evidence that the health consequences of job loss differ across white- and blue-collar occupations, although health-related selection out of jobs appears stronger within the blue-collar category.
In vitro percutaneous absorption and metabolism in man of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine (atrazine)

Atrazine is an extensively used herbicide in the USA. Our objective was to determine the absorption and metabolism (detoxification) of atrazine in human skin. Percutaneous absorption of atrazine in human skin from four sources was examined utilizing a flow-through in-vitro diffusion system. About 16.4% of the applied dose was absorbed by the skin. Radioactivity in the receptor fluid at 20 h was less than 5% of the administered dose. The highest concentration of the applied dose was found in the skin supernates, where 12.0% of the dose (68 nmol) was recovered. Some metabolites of atrazine were identified by thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography after extraction of receptor fluid and the skin supernates. Two metabolites of atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-striazine (desisopropylatrazine) and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine] were found in the receptor fluid and the skin supernates. An additional metabolite (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) was found in the skin supernates. Since desisopropylatrazine represented about 50% of the total metabolites formed during percutaneous absorption, cleavage of the N-isopropyl to the amino product was a key step in the metabolism of atrazine. Further metabolism may proceed by cleavage of the N-deethyl group to give totally dealkylated atrazine. The biotransformation of atrazine was studied in skin microsomal fraction supplemented with an NADPH-generating system. In analogy to metabolism during percutaneous absorption, atrazine was metabolized to its deisopropyl and deethylpropyl derivatives. In addition, 2-hydroxy derivatives of atrazine were formed by the skin microsomal fractions. The biotransformation of atrazine by skin microsomal enzymes indicates the metabolic capacity of the tissue. Cutaneous metabolism of atrazine may be an additional route by which human skin detoxifies the pesticide following topical exposure.
Chemical and physical properties of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) starch

Starch isolated from mature Ginkgo biloba seeds and commercial normal maize starches were subjected to α-amylolysis and acid hydrolysis. Ginkgo starch was more resistant to pancreatic α-amylase hydrolysis than the normal maize starch. The chain length distribution of debranched amylopectin of the starches was analyzed by using high performance anion-exchange chromatography equipped with an amyloglucosidase reactor and a pulsed amperometric detector. The chain length distribution of ginkgo amylopectin showed higher amounts of both short and long chains compared to maize starch. Naegeli dextrins of the starches prepared by extensive acid hydrolysis over 12 days demonstrated that ginkgo starch was more susceptible than normal maize to acid hydrolysis. Ginkgo dextrins also demonstrate a lower concentration of singly branched chains than maize dextrins, and unlike maize dextrin, debranched ginkgo shows no multiple branched chains. The ginkgo starch displayed a C-type X-ray diffraction pattern, compared to an A-type pattern for maize. Ginkgo starch and maize starch contained 24.0 and 17.6% absolute amylose contents, respectively.
Modulation of the growth of auroral kilometric radiation by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves

[1] The role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the stimulation of auroral kilometric radiation is addressed in this study. Observations of the modulation of electron flux and energy due to EMIC/electrostatic ion cyclotron waves within the auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) source region have been reported in the past. These modulations produce in turn oscillations of the electron phase space density and therefore lead to fluctuations of AKR growth rate that may translate along the magnetic field line at the group velocity of the stimulating waves. For a model electron "horseshoe" distribution function, we use the theory of the cyclotron maser instability to investigate how this process might influence the AKR wave spectrum and fine structure.
Habitat selection and subsequent reproductive success in the beaugregory damselfish

Male beaugregory damselfish,Stegastes leucostictus, were provided with three types of artificial breeding structures to determine if they change habitats based on past or future reproductive payoffs. All three site types quickly lured males away from their natural sites. In comparison to those living on natural sites, those using artificial sites were less likely to move to different areas and had a higher reproductive success. When given no choice, male reproductive success was correlated to structural type. A second experiment provided males with an additional structure after using the intermediate quality type for 2 months. Males would often initially use both sites but would eventually shift their spawning activity to the new site if it was of the same quality or better than the old one. However, males would not move if the new site was of inferior quality. When given a new site identical to the initial one, approximately half of the males shifted to the new site. There was no evidence that reproductive performance influenced a male's decision to use a new site.
System Design for 3D Multi-FPGA Packaging

3D stacking and integration can provide tremendous advantages to electronic systems. This paper explores the system-level considerations such as layout, routing and IO in the design of 3D multi-FPGA packaging, along with their architectural implications.
REVISION OF WORLD SPECIES OF PARATELENOMUS DODD (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)

The genus Paratelenomus Dodd is revised from a worldwide perspective. Three species are described as new: P. angor [Taiwan, Thailand], P. indivisus [Papua New Guinea, Australia], and P. matinalis [Vanuatu]. Paratelenomus bicolor (Dodd) [Australia], P. saccharalis (Dodd) [southern Europe, Africa, tropical Asia, Australia], P. ophiusa (Dodd) [Papua New Guinea, Australia], P. striativentris (Risbec) [Africa, India], and P. tetartus [Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines] are redescribed. Aphanurus graeffei Kieffer, 1917 and Asolcus minor Watanabe, 1954 are junior synonyms of P. saccharalis (Dodd), 1913. An identification key to species is provided. The relationship of Paratelenomus within Telenominae is discussed; the hypothesized sister group is Nirupama Nixon.
An intelligent crowdsourcing system for forensic analysis of surveillance video

Video surveillance systems are of a great value for public safety. With an exponential increase in the number of cameras, videos obtained from surveillance systems are often archived for forensic purposes. Many automatic methods have been proposed to do video analytics such as anomaly detection and human activity recognition. However, such methods face significant challenges due to object occlusions, shadows and scene illumination changes. In recent years, crowdsourcing has become an effective tool that utilizes human intelligence to perform tasks that are challenging for machines. In this paper, we present an intelligent crowdsourcing system for forensic analysis of surveillance video that includes the video recorded as a part of search and rescue missions and large-scale investigation tasks. We describe a method to enhance crowdsourcing by incorporating human detection, re-identification and tracking. At the core of our system, we use a hierarchal pyramid model to distinguish the crowd members based on their ability, experience and performance record. Our proposed system operates in an autonomous fashion and produces a final output of the crowdsourcing analysis consisting of a set of video segments detailing the events of interest as one storyline.
Medical treatment of mental illness

Psychotherapeutic drugs have dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with severe mental illness. The drug treatments are not a panacea. The medications sometimes cause irreversible side effects, and they are not helpful for all patients. They allow large numbers of individuals to leave the hospital, but to return to communities that are often poorly prepared to provide continuing care. Despite their limitations, psychotherapeutic drugs relieve a great deal of human suffering. They also involve psychiatry in modern biological science. This has led to the continuing search for more effective medications based on the study of possible biochemical substrates of psychiatric disorders.
An analysis of the free vibration of thick-walled isotropic toroidal shells

Abstract The equations of motion and strain–displacement equations for toroidal shells are derived using toroidal coordinates and dyadic methods of elasticity. Suitable assumptions are proposed that reduce the governing equations to axisymmetric format while maintaining the three-dimensional character of the solution. The free vibration analysis of toroidal shells is carried out using numerical solutions of the governing equations. A nine-node Lagrangian finite element is formulated in the toroidal coordinate system and solutions are obtained for the case where an axis of symmetry can be assumed at the center of the torus. Results for frequency of vibration are tabulated for solid and thick-walled shells. Mode shapes are shown for a representative thick-walled torus.
Association between adipose graft usage and postoperative headache after retrosigmoid craniotomy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between extradural abdominal fat graft placement for the closure of retrosigmoid craniotomy defects and postoperative headache. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review and analysis of patient questionnaires. SETTING Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-seven patients who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy between March 1999 and December 2006. INTERVENTION(S) All patients underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy for removal of cerebellopontine angle tumors and received either an abdominal fat graft closure or a standard wound closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Using a written patient questionnaire, the presence or absence of both overall postoperative headache and specific postcraniotomy headache according to International Headache Society criteria was assessed. Of those patients who had postoperative headaches, the evaluation of headache severity was assessed using a standardized 5-point scale. RESULTS Eighty-five patients returned completed questionnaires. Fifty-two respondents received adipose grafts; 33 did not. The adipose group demonstrated significantly less chronic postcraniotomy headaches (11.9% versus 30.3%; p < 0.05). Additionally, the adipose group described less severe headaches at all time frames studied with significant differences at 1 month (1.59 versus 2.29; p < 0.05) and 3 months (1.37 versus 2.06; p < 0.05) using the modified headache severity scale. CONCLUSION When compared with standard wound closure without adipose grafting, use of an abdominal fat graft during retrosigmoid craniotomy wound closure is associated with both decreased incidence of chronic postoperative headache and decreased severity of postoperative headaches at all time intervals studied.
Theodosius' Horse; Reflections on the Predicament of the Church Historian

The second general council of Ephesus was convened on August 8, 449, and adjourned some fourteen days later by the legates of Theodosius II, who promptly confirmed the council's canons and decrees. It had been as regular, or irregular, as Nicea I or Ephesus I had been, and far more general than the Constantinopolitan synod of 381. Its chief importance lay in registering another splendid victory for the Alexandrines. The “school” of Antioch was shattered beyond repair; Pope Leo and the Westerners were walled off and weakened; the bare notion of “two natures” was branded as Nestorian; every principal see in the East was manned by a henchman of Dioscoros. Moreover, the emperor and his grand chamberlain (the eunuch Chrysaphius, godson to Eutyches) were prepared to support Alexandrine policy with police power.
The crystallization of hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; representation of growth curves

Abstract The kinetics of growth of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate seed crystals has been investigated by a method in which the activities of the lattice ions were maintained constant during the reaction. The constant composition procedure has also been used to study the crystallization of hydroxyapatite at very low supersaturation. Changes in specific area during the resulting appreciable extents of growth have been used to predict the developing morphologies of the crystals. For dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite, the predominant crystal growth takes place in two dimensions and one dimension, respectively. In both cases the growth rates are pH dependent. Dimensionless representation of the crystallization rates and driving forces enable comparisons to be made between data for electrolytes of different charge types.
Exploring Electronic Landscapes: Technical Communication, Online Learning, and Instructor Preparedness

Instead of focusing on technologies of online delivery, specific course design, or reporting on the successes or lessons learned of an online or distance education course, in this essay I focus on the readiness of technical communication teachers for teaching in online settings. Using ideas gleaned from cultural geography, specifically the concept of reading and interpreting landscapes, I develop a framework for instructors to determine their willingness, readiness, and preparedness to teach online. The final section of this essay provides an example of using this framework based on my explorations into my readiness to teach online. I find that self-selection for online instruction is a critical step in developing powerful instructional settings and allows technical communication teachers to cross or remove existing boundaries within their own pedagogical practices.
Differentiation-associated expression and intracellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 and c-Jun co-activator JAB1 in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is a unique pediatric cancer, which spontaneously regress in some infants and undergo maturation in older children. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 KIP1 negatively control cell cycle progression and its expression is reported to be associated with differentiation and prognosis of some human cancers. To examine whether p27 KIP1 is involved in differentiation of neuroblastomas, expression and localization of p27 KIP1 in 30 cases of neuroblastic tumors were determined with immunohistochemistry. p27 KIP1 was expressed in all cases, but staining intensity and intracellular localization varied in association with tumor differentiation. Primitive small round neuroblasts showed negative or only weak nuclear staining, while differentiating tumor cells displayed a novel, intense cytoplasmic positivity besides the nuclear staining, and mature ganglion cells showed intense positive reaction confined to the nucleus. A neuroblastoma cell line TGW was also immunostained positively for p27 KIP1 in the cytoplasm after differentiation induction, and Western blot analysis revealed an increase of p27 KIP1 in these cells, corroborating the in vivo observations. JAB1, which is thought to bind p27 KIP1 and transport it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for proteasome/ubiquitin-mediated degradation, was found to be localized both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus in undifferentiated and differentiating tumors whereas located predominantly in the nucleus of differentiated tumor cells. These data indicate that the cytoplasmic localization of p27 KIP1 in the process of differentiation is due to upregulation of p27 KIP1 synthesis and subsequent degradation and suggest a role of p27 KIP1 in differentiation of neuroblastoma.
Differential thermal analysis of commercial fertilizers

Abstract Commercial fertilizers were analyzed via DTA. Characteristic endotherm patterns were noted for virtually all samples. The endotherms were identified, and characterized by comparison with known compounds. This relatively simple and fast method yields qualitative and semiquantitative data amenable to identification or quality control.