cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Abnormal Pigmentation of the Oral Mucosa Following Adjuvant Radioactive Iodine Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: We report the case of a 52-year-old black woman who developed discoloration of her tongue following radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation. RAI is a common method of treatment for a number of thyroid disorders, including thyroid malignancies and hyperthyroidism. Common side effects of this therapy include hypothyroidism, changes in taste, nausea, and sialadenitis. Methods: This is an Institutional Review Board–approved single-case chart review with a patient consent. Results: The patient presented with no changes in oral sensation and mild diffuse elongation of the filiform papillae with diffuse, symmetrical, black pigmentation in the distribution of the fungiform papillae 9 days following treatment with RAI. There were no new exposures known to cause a similar reaction, and she had not changed her diet or oral hygiene habits during the development of this symptom. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of pigmentation change to the tongue following treatment with R...
Nonspecific esterases of the formed elements: zymograms produced by pH 9.5 polyarcrylamide gel electrophoresis

The formed elements of human blood each contain multiple isoenzymes of nonspecific esterase that hydrolyze short chain alpha naphthyl esters. Zymograms that are characteristic of each type of formed element are obtained by subjecting purified preparations of each to polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and subsequent staining of the gels for esterase activity. The most prominent isoenzyme detected is a species of low mobility that is reactive with either acetyl or butyryl esters and is highly sensitive to inhibition by 40 mM sodium fluoride. Also detected are several major acetyl esterases and a single butyryl esterase, all of which are relatively fluoride resistant. The intercellular distribution of isoenzymes varies from element-specific to pancellular. The prominent fluoride-sensitive acetyl, butyryl esterase, is the major isoenzyme of monocyte zymograms, which is consistent with the well known cytochemistry of monocytes. Lesser but significant amount (2%-3% of monocyte levels) of this isoenzyme were also detected in granulocyte zymograms. This system may prove useful in the study of differentiation of blood cells and in the classification of acute leukemias.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Film that Autonomously Translates a Molecular Detection Event into a Macroscopic Change in Its Optical Properties via a Continuous, Thiol-Mediated Self-Propagating Reaction

This Communication describes a chemically responsive polymer film that is capable of detecting low levels of a specific applied molecular signal (thiol) and subsequently initiating a self-propagating reaction within the material that converts the nonfluorescent film into a globally fluorescent material. We illustrate that the intensity of the resulting fluorescent material is independent of the quantity of the applied thiol, whereas the rate to reach the maximum level of signal is directly proportional to the quantity of the signal. In contrast, a control film, which lacks functionality for mediating the self-propagating reaction, provides a maximum change in fluorescence that is directly proportional to the quantity of the applied thiol. This level of nonamplified signal is 78% lower in intensity (when initiated with 100 μM of applied thiol) than is achieved when the material contains functionality that supports the self-powered, self-propagating amplification reaction.
Skin disease in pregnancy: The approach of the obstetric medicine physician

This review presents the approach of the obstetric medicine physician to skin disease in pregnancy. It elaborates on common skin-related problems during gestation, such as pruritus, with or without eruption, and drug eruptions. An algorithmic approach to the differential diagnosis of pruritus in pregnancy is outlined. Also, the review focuses on how to diagnose promptly endocrinopathies presenting with skin manifestations in pregnancy, such as Addison disease, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism. The prompt diagnosis of endocrine disorders can help to optimize management and improve outcomes. Finally, the authors outline their approach to minimizing maternal and fetal risks associated with skin disease. The risks associated with obstetric cholestasis, pemphigoid gestationis, and impetigo herpetiformis are discussed. Prompt diagnosis helps to minimize the serious risks associated with certain infections. Preconception counseling and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to preventing risks associated with rheumatic skin disease and genodermatoses. Challenging, real-life obstetric medicine cases are discussed.
Cell-Matrix Interaction in the Differentiation of the Intestinal Epithelium

Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions are a prerequisite for the normal cytodifferentiation of all epithelial tissues during ontogenesis. Whereas the pioneering investigators reported on the necessity of the mere presence of mesenchymal tissue for epithelial cytodifferentiation (as reviewed by McLoughlin, 1963, and Grobstein, 1967), subsequent studies have focused on the biochemical nature of these events (Slavkin and Greulich, 1975; Yamada and Olden, 1978; Bernfield, 1981). It became obvious that the so-called mesenchyme is a very complex tissue and that further insight into its effects on epithelial tissues would primarily call for a scrutinizing look at its own proper structure and function. Especially the biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix evoked intensive interest. Consequently over the last years our knowledge of the distribution of the family of collagens, the non-collagenous glycoproteins and the proteoglycans within all vertebrate tissues has increased tremendously. Many reviews have dealt with the accumulating biochemical data on the structure and function of these macromolecules of the extracellular matrix (Porter and Whelan, 1984; Trelstad, 1984; Piez and Reddi, 1984; see also Schuppan, this volume).
Corn Earworm Moth: Vertical Distribution in Nocturnal Flight

Adult Heliothis zea (Boddie) were trapped at 15 levels (between 25 and 1047 feet) in conical-type blacklight traps on a television tower. During peak periods of flight in 1967 and 1968, the catch of com earworm moths was greater than the combined catch of all other insects. Species of insects representing 9 orders and 35 families were captured above 275 feet. The percentage of mating among trapped earworm female moths was low (26 and 39%) as is also usual for earworm moths captured in traps at ground level. More males than females and more unmated than mated moths were trapped at levels above 275 feet during peak flight periods. The greater percentage of trapped males and lower percentage of mated females at high levels were more marked during the fall-winter-spring period. These data indicate that flights of corn earworm moths commonly occur at altitudes above 1000 feet and may further indicate mass migration of corn earworm moths.
Abstract 5094: Angiopoietin-2 antagonist enhances the anti-angiogenic effect of sunitinib in a preclinical renal cell carcinoma model.

Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process in tumor growth and development. During angiogenesis, normal vessels consisting of endothelial and peri-endothelial cells are first destabilized via the Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)-Tie2 axis, and then endothelial cells are activated to proliferate and form new vessels mainly through the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 axis. Currently there are several anti-angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGF-VEGFR pathway used in the clinic in various cancer settings. New therapies such as Ang-2 antagonists are also being pursued and have recently been shown to be valuable especially in combination with anti-VEGF therapies. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized disease where anti-angiogenic therapies are used as both first and second line treatments. The present study focused on evaluating the effects of an Ang-2 antagonist in combination with the FDA approved Sunitinib, a first line treatment in RCC. An in vivo intradermal assay with VHL mutant, human renal cell carcinoma, Caki-2, cells was used to assess angiogenesis of either the Ang-2 antagonist, Sunitinib or the combination of the Ang-2 antagonist and Sunitinib. Results show a greater decrease in the number of tumor cell induced vessels in the Ang-2 and Sunitinib combination group compared to either Ang-2 antagonist or Sunitinib alone. Tumor growth was also impaired by these agents when used alone or in combination; however there was greater decrease in tumor volume in the Ang-2 and Sunitinib combination group compared to either Ang-2 antagonist or Sunitinib alone. These data show greater tumor vessel and tumor inhibition when an Ang-2 antagonist and Sunitinib are administered in combination. Citation Format: Nikolett Molnar, Dietmar W. Siemann. Angiopoietin-2 antagonist enhances the anti-angiogenic effect of sunitinib in a preclinical renal cell carcinoma model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5094. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5094
Infantile Nystagmus and Abnormalities of Conjugate Eye Movements in Down Syndrome.

Purpose Subjects with Down syndrome (DS) have an anatomical defect within the cerebellum that may impact downstream oculomotor areas. This study characterized gaze holding and gains for smooth pursuit, saccades, and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in DS children with infantile nystagmus (IN). Methods Clinical data of 18 DS children with IN were reviewed retrospectively. Subjects with constant strabismus were excluded to remove any contribution of latent nystagmus. Gaze-holding, horizontal and vertical saccades to target steps, horizontal smooth pursuit of drifting targets, OKN in response to vertically or horizontally-oriented square wave gratings drifted at 15°/s, 30°/s, and 45°/s were recorded using binocular video-oculography. Seven subjects had additional optical coherence tomography imaging. Results Infantile nystagmus was associated with one or more gaze-holding instabilities (GHI) in each subject. The majority of subjects had a combination of conjugate horizontal jerk with constant or exponential slow-phase velocity, asymmetric or symmetric, and either monocular or binocular pendular nystagmus. Six of seven subjects had mild (Grade 0-1) persistence of retinal layers overlying the fovea, similar to that reported in DS children without nystagmus. All subjects had abnormal gains across one or more stimulus conditions (horizontal smooth pursuit, saccades, or OKN). Saccade velocities followed the main sequence. Conclusions Down syndrome subjects with IN show a wide range of GHI and abnormalities of conjugate eye movements. We propose that these ocular motor abnormalities result from functional abnormalities of the cerebellum and/or downstream oculomotor circuits, perhaps due to extensive miswiring.
Public Policy and Private Choice: Mass Transit and the Automobile in Chicago between the Wars

Public policy, grounded in the conception of urban transit as a private business and of the automobile as a public good, played a crucial role in the decline of public transportation and the triumph of the automobile in Chicago.
[Recent advances on ovarian epithelial cancer: definition, subtypes and pathologic features].

上皮性癌在卵巢恶性肿瘤中的比率高达90％[1],随着病理学和肿瘤分子遗传学技术的进步,人们发现有关卵巢癌的传统理论存在很大误区.近十年的研究表明,卵巢上皮性癌不是一个单独的疾病范畴,其中包括不同细胞或组织起源的肿瘤.基于对卵巢上皮性肿瘤发生机制的新认识,有关卵巢上皮性癌的定义、亚型以及病理诊断的认识也在不断更新[2-3]。
The Critical Role of Global Virtual Teams

This introductory chapter explores the critical role of global virtual teams in successful organizations. International virtual teams are the key to some of the biggest successes and failures in the global workplace while organizations learn to operate as complex webs of people. Relying on technology to deliver communication, virtual teams connect companies globally and enable rapid growth; they are often constructed of employees working across national boundaries. The international nature of engineering in a growing global economy creates the need for functioning virtual teams. Globalization through virtual teams increases the marketplace for organizational talent as well as for sales of services and goods. Virtual workplaces also make more time and resources available. If workers do not have to spend time and money traveling, they can redirect those freed resources to add flexibility to their schedule time they can use elsewhere in their professional or personal lives.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has risen significantly over the past two decades. Catheter ablation is an increasingly utilized treatment strategy and has evolved significantly over the same time period. Successful ablation improves patient symptoms, reduces stroke risk, and can preserve or improve cardiac function. Recurrences following ablation can occur, particularly in patients with persistent AF. Procedural efficacy can best be improved through continued advancements in ablation technology and strategy, better understanding of the mechanisms of AF initiation and perpetuation, and rigorous integration of ablation into a multidisciplinary AF management approach.
Performing an event study: An exercise for finance students

This exercise helps instructors teach students how to perform a simple event study. The study tests to see if stocks earn abnormal returns when added to the S&P 500. Students select a random sample...
Observer-based H∞-control for uncertain time-delay systems by using LMI

Abstract This paper deals with observer-based H∞-control for a class of linear systems with state, input delays and state, input as well as output time-varying parametric uncertainties. Both matched and mismatched uncertainties have been discussed. For each case, the sufficient condition for existence of observerbased H∞-control law is presented. All the results are expressed in linear matrix inequalities.
Consuming Latinidad? The Politics of Food, Consumption, and Troubling Latina Identity in Alisa Valdés-Rodríguez’s The Dirty Girls Social Club

ABSTRACTAlisa Valdes-Rodriguez’s best-selling 2003 novel, The Dirty Girls Social Club, marketed as “chica lit,” a Latina version of famous “chick lit,” such as Bridget Jones’s Diary and Sex and the City, presents us with what is characterized as “troubling” Latina identity that only partially succeeds in transforming Latina stereotypes. While a number of literary scholars have examined Dirty Girls, none have fully considered Valdes’s equally troubling portrayal of another form of consumption: dining. Food is consumed by the characters, or “sucias/dirty girls,” as they call themselves, in amounts ranging from excessive to minuscule; as I argue, their attitudes about food, eating, and certain dining establishments reflect their complex, troubling expressions of Latina identity. Through an analysis of the novel’s treatment of food, dining, and consumption, I examine the characters’ troubling Latina identity as they (at times) futilely reject stereotypes of Latina women.
The conservative aggressive management of placenta previa

One hundred and seventy-three cases of placenta previa managed at the Women's Hospital of Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center from July, 1975, through June, 1978, were reviewed and compared to a similar series of cases studied in the same institution in 1969. The perinatal mortality of 12.6% was roughly one half of that in the earlier study. The fetal death rate did not change significantly, but the neonatal mortality was markedly less, especially in the 27-to-32-week range. Expectant management was employed in 65.8% of patients, as compared to 42.6% in 1969. The higher rate of expectant management was characterized by the aggressive use of antepartum transfusions in the face of moderate-to-severe bleeding in lieu of delivery, as well as the occasional use of tocolytic agents for inhibition of premature labor in the presence of vaginal bleeding. Elective termination of pregnancy utilizing the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio for determination of pulmonary maturation also resulted in significantly less overall neonatal morbidity and mortality. These multiple factors appear to have contributed to a dramatic reduction in the perinatal mortality associated with placenta previa. (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 137:687, 1980.)
Update on NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Project

This paper provides an update on NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Project (LCRD), a joint project between NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL). LCRD will provide a minimum of two years of high data rate optical communications services to demonstrate a concept of operations for future mission critical Earth relay satellites. LCRD is expected to launch in June 2019 and demonstrate how optical communications can meet NASA's growing need for higher data rates, or for the same data rate provided by a comparable RF system, how it enables lower power, lower mass communications systems on user spacecraft. In addition, LCRD's architecture will allow it to serve as a testbed in space for the development of additional symbol coding, link and network layer protocols, etc. LCRD's mission and architecture has slowly evolved since the project first started and this paper will provide an update of LCRD and planned capabilities and experiments.
Experimental Investigations of the Determinants and Personal Conseouences of Crowding

Four laboratory experiments were conducted to test the contention that behavioral responses to crowding can be predicted by distinguishing between neutral and personal sources of the crowding experience. Manipulations of neutral crowding (relatively small rooms without windows) provoked a physical withdrawal from a target person and no negative emotional labeling besides “presently crowded”. Manipulations of personal crowding (such as the threat of an intrusive interview) provoked complex spatial adaptations and many negative emotional labels in addition to the rating of “crowded”.
Measurement of Surface Machining Damage in Ceramics

Machining damage in hot pressed (NCI32) silicon nitride, due to surface grinding and polishing, has been simulated by dragging a Knoop indentor across the surface of optically polished samples. The reflection coefficient of the cracks thus generated was measured versus frequency, and was found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations of Achenbach and Brind1. We found that the long slot-like cracks were closed at the top (about 20% of the total crack depth), which was due to the residual stress introduced when the samples were scratched. By taking into consideration the crack closure, and with the results of our scattering measurements, we were able to make failure stress predictions with an accuracy of better than 10%.
Beef customer satisfaction: factors affecting consumer evaluations of clod steaks.

An in-home beef study evaluated consumer ratings of clod steaks (n = 1,264) as influenced by USDA quality grade (Top Choice, Low Choice, High Select, and Low Select), city (Chicago and Philadelphia), consumer segment (Beef Loyals, who are heavy consumers of beef; Budget Rotators, who are cost-driven and split meat consumption between beef and chicken; and Variety Rotators, who have higher incomes and education and split their meat consumption among beef, poultry, and other foods), degree of doneness, and cooking method. Consumers evaluated each steak for Overall Like, Tenderness, Juiciness, Flavor Like, and Flavor Amount using 10-point scales. Grilling was the predominant cooking method used, and steaks were cooked to medium-well and greater degrees of doneness. Interactions existed involving the consumer-controlled factors of degree of doneness and(or) cooking method for all consumer-evaluated traits for the clod steak (P 0.05). One significant main effect, segment (P = 0.006), and one significant interaction, cooking method x city (P = 0.0407), existed for Overall Like ratings. Consumers in the Beef Loyals segment rated clod steaks higher in Overall Like than the other segments. Consumers in Chicago tended to give more uniform Overall Like ratings to clod steaks cooked by various methods; however, consumers in Philadelphia gave among the highest ratings to clod steaks that were fried and among the lowest to those that were grilled. Additionally, although clod steaks that were fried were given generally high ratings by consumers in Philadelphia, consumers in Chicago rated clod steaks cooked in this manner significantly lower than those in Philadelphia. Conversely, consumers in Chicago rated clod steaks that were grilled significantly higher than consumers in Philadelphia. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses indicated that Flavor Like was driving customer satisfaction of the clod steak. Flavor Like was the sensory trait most highly correlated to Overall Like, followed by Tenderness, Flavor Amount, and Juiciness. Flavor Like was the first variable to enter into the stepwise regression equation for predicting Overall Like, followed by Tenderness and Flavor Amount. For the clod steak, it is likely that preparation techniques that improve flavor without reducing tenderness positively affect customer satisfaction.
Strengthening Mechanisms in Sapphire

Strengthening of sapphire by work hardening, solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening is described. Examination of the dislocation structures in pure sapphire deformed by basal glide has led to the development of a semi-quantitative work hardening model; edge dipoles, formed by trapping of dislocations on parallel slip planes, are the primary obstacles to glide dislocations. As work hardening proceeds, the dipoles break up by climb into smaller loops and, when the rate of accumulation of dipoles is equal to their rate of annihilation, a region of zero work hardening is observed.
Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy: A Systematic Review of Its Effectiveness over the past 19 Years.

Purpose: A meta-analysis is the review of several qualifying studies where the findings of each study is analyzed and is then pooled as to determine if an intervention is effective or not. The aim ...
Abstract 434: Nogo-B Regulates Hyperglycemia Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Modulating Mitochondria Function

Objective: As an important part of the vasculature, the endothelium plays multiple functions in maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with several pathologies, ...
Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time?

OBJECTIVE Traditionally, patient-reported fasting time has been the primary objective presedation measure of aspiration risk. Recently, gastric ultrasound has been used to assess gastric volume for the determination of aspiration risk in patients undergoing anesthesia in the operative setting. We sought to determine the correlation of gastric volume estimated by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to reported fasting time. METHODS We included children 4 to 18 years of age who presented with an acute traumatic injury. Enrolled children underwent POCUS to calculate gastric volume, which was calculated using a validated formula: Volume (mL) = -7.8 + (3.5 × Cross-sectional Area [CSA]) + (0.127 × Age in months). The CSA was measured (CSA = (anterior-posterior diameter × craniocaudal diameter × π)/4). We analyzed the relationship between time since last reported oral intake and measured gastric volume using Spearman rank correlation (ρ). RESULTS A total of 103 patients with a median age of 10.5 years (interquartile range, 7.3-13.7 years) were enrolled. The gastric antrum was identified and measured in 88 (85%) patients; air obstructing the posterior surface of the gastric antrum prevented measurement in 14 of the 15 remaining patients. We observed a weak inverse correlation between fasting time (either liquid or solid) and estimated gastric volume (ρ = -0.33), with no significant difference based on type of intake (solids, ρ = 0.28; liquids, ρ = 0.22). CONCLUSION Gastric volume can be estimated by POCUS and is not strongly correlated with fasting time in children in the emergency department setting.
Catastrophic Possibilities of Space-Based Defense

Ballistic missile defense will require the rapid release of defensive weapons. This paper considers the consequences of mistakes if both the United States and Soviet Union deploy such defensive systems. Each system would pose a threat to the other. There is a danger that a mistake or event could trigger rapidly expanding exchanges between the opposing defensive systems. Through such interactions, defensive systems could self-activate and amplify relatively minor events to catastrophic levels. Assuring against such catastrophic amplifications while also assuring the effectiveness and survivability of such defensive systems is a necessary requirement that has not been adequately addressed.
What Works for Women at Work: Four Patterns Working Women Need to Know, J.C. Williams, R. Dempsey. New York University Press, New York/London (2014), 364 pp.

On the basis of social science research, Joan Williams and Rachel Dempsey have written a practical guidebook for women confronted with gender bias in the workplace. Because institutional change is ...
Third-order nanocircuit elements for neuromorphic engineering

Current hardware approaches to biomimetic or neuromorphic artificial intelligence rely on elaborate transistor circuits to simulate biological functions. However, these can instead be more faithfully emulated by higher-order circuit elements that naturally express neuromorphic nonlinear dynamics1-4. Generating neuromorphic action potentials in a circuit element theoretically requires a minimum of third-order complexity (for example, three dynamical electrophysical processes)5, but there have been few examples of second-order neuromorphic elements, and no previous demonstration of any isolated third-order element6-8. Using both experiments and modelling, here we show how multiple electrophysical processes-including Mott transition dynamics-form a nanoscale third-order circuit element. We demonstrate simple transistorless networks of third-order elements that perform Boolean operations and find analogue solutions to a computationally hard graph-partitioning problem. This work paves a way towards very compact and densely functional neuromorphic computing primitives, and energy-efficient validation of neuroscientific models.
Bloody Fray and Juliet's Bleeding Body in Romeo and Juliet

This article maintains that Romeo and Juliet critiques the ideology of blood beneath the blood feud — a naturalized model for dictating affinity and enmity between persons thereby encouraging endogamy — by staging the bloody result of honoring consanguinity in material terms. Although Juliet proffers an iconoclastic alternative to this framework by suggesting that names, not blood, might account for identity, this alternative is lost to the existing ideological structure. Romeo and Juliet hope to establish relations of affinity between the warring families by forging new consanguineous ties via the blood-mixing upon their marriage. Yet Shakespeare’s play alludes to the dramatic tradition of tragic sacrifice as catharsis — here presented as a barbaric bloodletting of an innocent young girl — to exhibit that the persistence of blood’s ideology requires violence and, in this case, blood sacrifice. Assuming this ideology means assuming its violent consequences: a Galenic purge of the families’ enmity from their bloodlines by spilling Juliet’s blood.
Sex/gender differences in the neural substrate of long-term memory.

Sex/gender-related differences in neurocognitive task performance and their neural correlates have long been of substantial research interest. Spets & Slotnick’s robust study joins a growing body o...
Aggressive Accounting as a Commitment to be Prudent

Accounting information provides guidance for real decisions such as whether to liquidate or continue an ongoing project. Ceteris paribus, implementing an accounting system with an aggressive bias leads to inefficient project continuations and causes a higher cost of capital. We show that an aggressive accounting system can nevertheless be beneficial for the manager because the very fact that it induces excessive project continuations permits the manager to commit to abstain from taking excessive risks prior to the continuation decision. In short, we find that creating inefficiencies with respect to interim project continuations can discipline the manager's project choice ex ante, and hence facilitate financing.
Nuclear Cusps, Magnetic Fields and the Lavrentiev Phenomenon In Thomas-Fermi Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nuclear cusps, magnetic fields and the Lavrentiev phenomenon in Thomas-Fermi theory. The function p which minimizes E is the ground state electron density in Thomas-Fermi theory corresponding to the potential V. Minimizing E( p ) gives an approximation to the ground state energy and the density corresponding to the ground state wave function. The chapter mentions the Lavrentiev phenomenon aspect applicable to the results and makes further remarks. The chapter also discusses the nuclear cusp condition in Thomas–Fermi theory that gives rise to a similar phenomenon, which may also be termed a Lavrentiev phenomenon.
Quantitative NMR for Solutions

Quantitative NMR is discussed in terms of instrument parameters, data processing, method types, instrument qualification, and method qualification. Examples are provided for the different quantitative methods with an emphasis on solution NMR. Keywords: NMR; quantitation; absolute quantitation; relative quantitation; reference standards; internal reference; external reference; NMR method qualification
Densities of quartic fields with even Galois groups

Let N(d,G,X) be the number of degree d number fields K with Galois group G and whose discriminant D K satisfies |D K | ≤ X. Under standard conjectures in diophantine geometry, we show that N(4,A 4 ,X) <<∈ X 2/3+ ∈, and that there are «∈ N 3+ ∈ monic. quartic polynomials with integral coefficients of height ≤ N whose Galois groups are smaller than S 4 , confirming a question of Gallagher. Unconditionally we have N(4, A 4 , X) C 5/6+ ∈, and that the 2-class groups of almost all Abelian cubic fields k have size «∈ D 1/3+ ∈ k . The proofs depend on counting integral points on elliptic fibratious.
Intercultural negotiation with virtual humans: the effect of social goals on gameplay and learning

One innovative use of digital games is to facilitate learning skills with social components by simulating human behavior with virtual humans. We investigate learners' social goals to understand how they help learners learn intercultural skills from virtual humans in BiLAT, a virtual world that teaches cross-cultural negotiation. We hypothesize that students learn more when they approach the simulation as a social interaction rather than taking a trial-and-error approach perhaps characteristic of video gaming. In a randomized controlled experiment with 59 participants, we found that participants improved cross-cultural negotiation skills through game play. Our hypothesis that participants given an explicit social goal would learn more than those given task-related goals was not confirmed. We did, however, find a positive relation between students' self-reported social goals, regardless of condition, and their learning results. This relation was confirmed through analysis of log data. Although it is still an open question how best to promote students' approaching a simulation with a social orientation, the results underline the importance of such goals.
Vertex Algebras and Algebraic Curves

Introduction Definition of vertex algebras Vertex algebras associated to Lie algebras Associativity and operator product expansion Applications of the operator product expansion Modules over vertex algebras and more examples Vertex algebra bundles Action of internal symmetries Vertex algebra bundles: Examples Conformal blocks I Conformal blocks II Free field realization I Free field realization II The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations Solving the KZ equations Quantum Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction and $\mathcal{W}$-algebras Vertex Lie algebras and classical limits Vertex algebras and moduli spaces I Vertex algebras and moduli spaces II Chiral algebras Factorization Appendix Bibliography Index List of frequently used notation.
Site of Catabolite Inhibition of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glucose produces catabolite inhibition during its transport across the cell membrane. Glucose generated intracellularly does not produce catabolite inhibition but does produce catabolite repression.
E+e-→γX(3872) near the D*D̄* threshold

We evaluate the cross section of the process e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{gamma}X(3872) in terms of the content of the D*{sup 0}D{sup 0} 'molecular' component in the wave function of the resonance X(3872). If this component is dominating, the cross section of the reaction e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{gamma}X(3872) can reach up to about 10{sup -3} of that for e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}D*D* at energy slightly above the D*D* threshold, and the considered process can be a realistic source of the X(3872) particles for the studies of this resonance.
Improvements to TCE Microcosm Protocols for Biostimulation in Bedrock Aquifers

In this study, a factorial-designed experiment of biostimulated trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination in fractured bedrock aquifers using microcosms evaluated several potential biostimulants (i.e., nutrients, vitamins, and sterile groundwater). Substantial cost savings and resource efficiency can be provided by this approach because: factorial designs require relatively few microcosms per factor; the interpretation of the observations can proceed largely by common sense, simple arithmetic, and computer graphics; the observations can indicate promising directions for further experimentation and causative relationships; and designs can be suitably augmented when a more in-depth exploration is needed. TCE degradation was evaluated using three methods of data analysis: (1) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) between biotic and abiotic treatment trend-line slopes; (2) calculation of biodegradation half-life; and (3) effects screening by model fitting. Microcosm preparation with crushed rock in groundwater was found to more closely match the previously observed field rates than the preparation with only groundwater. Injection of nutrient and vitamin mixtures was made into microcosms that were previously aged to obtain consistent conditions, and the TCE concentration measured after incubating for 45 days. Comparison of results indicated that the nutrient mixture slows or inhibits the degradation of TCE compared to the sterile groundwater; however, the vitamin mixture offsets and nearly compensates for the inhibitory effect of the nutrient mixture. It is recommended that this factorial experiment be augmented with additional studies of individual or groups of compounds from the vitamin mixture using this methodology to isolate and identify the specific factor or interaction responsible for the inhibitory compensation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum Thyrotropin and Thyroxine Concentrations in Patients Receiving Lithium Carbonate

To determine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in patients receiving therapy with lithium carbonate, serial determinations of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were made in 255 patients receiving lithium. The patients were followed for an average of 8 months and the longest period of lithium treatment was 65 months. The mean peak TSH level in the lithium treated patients was 3 times higher than in the control groups; elevated (>8 μU/ml) TSH levels occurred in 29.8% of the patients (76) at some time during treatment. At the time of final testing, 14.1% (36) of the patients had elevated serum TSH levels. The mean peak and final thyroxine concentrations in the lithium treated patients were only slightly lower than those in the control groups. In 15 patients whose final serum TSH levels were over 20 μU/ml, the mean thyroxine concentration was 2.9 μg/100 ml. A significantly higher incidence of positive anti-thyroglobulin antibody tests was found in these patients. Most were considere...
The Orphanin FQ / Nociceptin Receptor as a Novel Drug Target in Psychiatric Disorders

Almost 10 years after the discovery of Orphanin FQ / Nociceptin (OFQ/N) a large number of synthetic small molecule agonists and antagonists have been developed and tested in various physiological assays. Together with the academic work on the physiological functions of OFQ/N, we now have compelling evidence that this neuropeptide system might represent a valuable target for the development of drugs treating a variety of psychiatric disorders. Most prominently, the anti-stress and anxiolytic effects of OFQ/N agonists have been investigated although clinical trials have not yet been launched. Other possible applications of OFQ/N agonists and antagonists include treatment of depression, anorexia and rewarding aspects of drug addiction. This paper will summarize current developments and highlight the scientific achievements that have been made to elucidate the functions of OFQ/N with respect to psychiatric disorders.
Ion beam modification of Si/SiC/Si layer systems

Abstract Buried, homogeneous silicon carbide (SiC) layers were formed in (100) and (111) silicon by ion beam synthesis (IBS). In order to study the ion beam induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) of buried SiC layers, the carbide layers were amorphized by irradiation with 2 MeV Si2+ ions at 300 K, followed by solid-phase epitaxial regrowth of surrounding amorphized silicon layers. IBIEC experiments were performed at 320° and 600°C using a 800 keV Si+ beam. It is shown by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction that IBIEC works well on buried SiC layers and results in epitaxial recrystallization at considerably lower target temperatures than necessary for thermal annealing. The IBIEC process starts from both SiC/Si interfaces and may be accompanied by heterogeneous nucleation of poly-SiC as well as interfacial layer-by-layer amorphization, depending on irradiation conditions. The structure of the recrystallized regions in dependence of dose, dose rate, temperature and crystal orientation is described in detail.
Contactless Nerve Stimulating Transducer

Stimulation of nervous tissue by means of an induced electric field produced by a contactless device is described. The unit is unique because it lends itself to surgical implantation.
Procedural v. conceptual: A developmental view

Abstract Much of the current discussion in accounting education is directed at the resolution of the choice between the procedural and conceptual approaches to upper-level courses. This paper provides a theoretical framework for examining the issues in this area. The framework is derived from the work of an expert, William G. Perry Jr., on the intellectual and ethical development of college students. The author argues that the debate must be expanded to include pedagogical as well as content-based issues. The Perry scheme is described and its implications for accounting education are examined.
Unipolar absorption of quantum dot: theoretical estimation of the cross-section

The optical cross-section is calculated for intra-band transitions in the semiconductor quantum dot (QD). Structures with QDS are promising for IR photodetectors and also for unipolar semiconductor lasers. Atom-like dot is considered in the harmonic oscillator approximation. The cross-section is derived for ground state-to-first-excited states transitions in the peak of the spectral band. It appears to be not sensitive to the wavelength of the transition, but is influenced by the bandwidth. The latter is determined by the scattering of dots in size and in composition. Whenthe bandwidth is 10 meV, the expected absorption peak is of order of > 103 cm-1 at the bulk density of dots of 1017 cm-3. A comparison is given with available data on the unipolar absorption in semiconductor QD structures.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Poly(methylene) Crystallites in Humic Substances Detected by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Crystalline domains composed of poly(methylene) chains have been detected by solid-state NMR and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) in several samples of soil organic matter, including humins, surface soil (peat), and humic acids extracted from surface soil and young coal. From the melting range of 60−>80 °C and 1H spin diffusion experiments, a crystallite thickness of ca. 3 nm or 25 CH2 units is deduced. The overall fraction of (CH2)n carbons in these materials is up to 9%. Nearly half of this poly(methylene) is crystalline, while the rest is noncrystalline and more isotropically mobile. In humin, several crystalline and noncrystalline poly(methylene) domains form larger aggregates. The crystallites are expected to be resistant to environmental attack and thus inert in the soil and have long residence times, while the mobile amorphous regions may play a role in the sorption of nonpolar molecules in soil.
Culture and Organization Theory

Culture has become a legitimate concern and part of the basic conceptual toolkit in much of contemporary organization theory. This article historically traces the contested place of culture in organization theory—from acultural rationalist theorizing at the turn of the twentieth century; to the accidental “discovery” of shop floor culture by human relations scholars in the 1920s; to mid-twentieth-century explorations of informal and institutionalized relations in organizations; to present-day approaches that blend concepts from organizational culture frameworks, neoinstitutional analysis, sociology of culture, and social movement theory. This historical backdrop provides a context for raising several research questions relevant to organizational change, boundaries, and deviance. In closing, the author suggests that an analytic nexus between culture, power, and agency is emerging in contemporary organization theory that ultimately may yield a theory of society.
Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship

Cultures of Relatedness. New Approaches to the Study of Kinship. Janet Carsten. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. vi. 215 pp., illustrations, photographs, bibliography, index.
Neuroimaging of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in children

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the mainstay of treatment for hydrocephalus. Despite its widespread use and safety record, it often malfunctions due to complications such as obstruction, breakage, migration and infection. This necessitates a systematic approach to diagnosing the etiology of shunt failure. Any evaluation should begin with an appraisal of the patient’s symptoms. In acute malfunction, nausea, vomiting, irritability, seizures, headache, lethargy, coma and stupor are seen. In chronic malfunction, neuropsychological signs, feeding pattern changes, developmental delay, decline in school performance, headaches and increased head size are often seen. The next step in evaluation is a CT scan of the head to evaluate ventricular size. Prior imaging studies should be obtained for comparison; if the ventricles have enlarged over time, shunt malfunction is likely. If there is no such increase or dilation in the first place, other diagnoses are possible. However, “slit ventricle syndrome” should also be considered. When prior imaging is not available, pumping the reservoir, a radionuclide shuntogram, a shunt tap or even surgical exploration are options. The goals of this paper are to provide an algorithm for evaluating shunt malfunction and to illustrate the radiographic findings associated with shunt failure.
The Syrian Crisis: a systemic framework

There is as yet no framework for understanding the Syrian Crisis (herein referred to as ‘the Syrian Crisis’; the Syrian Crisis or simply ‘the Crisis’) or more generally the Arab Spring. There are many arguments that are often inconsistent. A framework can help further socio-political and economic analysis and synthesis and will facilitate the convergence of conflicting views on a solution. This article is intended to provide a systemic framework for the Syrian Crisis that can be extended to other Arab experiences. Syrians have split into three main categories vis-a-vis the Crisis: pro-government, pro-revolt and a silent middle. The contention here that, regardless of classification or intentions, events on the ground and the accompanying political manoeuvres point collectively to the conclusion that the revolt became a tool in the toolbox for Syrian realignment ideologically and geopolitically under the pretence of a just revolt. The argument advanced is that there is a plan for the realignment of Syria t...
Does Habit Interference Explain Moral Failure

Social psychologists have performed many well-known experiments demonstrating that experimental subjects will perform in ways that are normatively inconsistent even across very similar situations. Situationist social psychologists and philosophers have often interpreted these findings to imply that most people lack general moral dispositions. These situationists have argued that our moral dispositions are at best narrowly local traits; they often describe our moral characters as fragmented. In this paper, I offer an alternative hypothesis for the same experimental results. I argue that these normative inconsistencies in behavior might well be produced by habit interference: experimental subjects err by over-generalizing dispositions formed in prior situations. I ground this alternative hypothesis in the long tradition of transfer of learning studies, which demonstrated that cognitive inconsistency was often the result of habit interference and, hence, overly generalized dispositions. I shall thus explore the analogy between moral and cognitive inconsistency to show why social psychology might well benefit from adopting the experimental design of the classic transfer of learning studies.
A model for community involvement in health (CIH) program development.

Abstract Community involvement in health (CIH), a central concept in health development, is a participatory approach to health care that is organized from the perspective of the recipient. Putting CIH into practice represents a learning experience for the community, the health professionals involved and those responsible for the national climate in which this change takes place The CIH process was operationalized over a two-year period in a black township in South Africa. A community survey identified the health needs and capacities related to the elderly, their families and their support system. Community groups and individuals, in partnership with the researcher, prioritized the needs that had been identified and then implemented four programs related to those needs. A process model was developed that provided the structure for initiating and maintaining these programs. The model helped people who were new to the community organizing to focus on general principles. It was flexible so that programs could be interpreted and implemented in the context of local culture and resources. The model was functional in guiding community nurses, lay community members and employees in health-related programs through the process of starting new programs. This approach empowered participants to move beyond only hoping for change or being puzzled by its elusiveness.