cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Normalizing translation through 4E-BP prevents mTOR-driven cortical mislamination and ameliorates aberrant neuron integration

Hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a shared molecular hallmark in several neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal brain cytoarchitecture. The mechanisms downstream of mTORC1 that are responsible for these defects remain unclear. We show that focally increasing mTORC1 activity during late corticogenesis leads to ectopic placement of upper-layer cortical neurons that does not require altered signaling in radial glia and is accompanied by changes in layer-specific molecular identity. Importantly, we found that decreasing cap-dependent translation by expressing a constitutively active mutant of the translational repressor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) prevents neuronal misplacement and soma enlargement, while partially rescuing dendritic hypertrophy induced by hyperactive mTORC1. Furthermore, overactivation of translation alone through knockdown of 4E-BP2 was sufficient to induce neuronal misplacement. These data show that many aspects of abnormal brain cytoarchitecture can be prevented by manipulating a single intracellular process downstream of mTORC1, cap-dependent translation.
Spontaneous Splenic Rupture Following Bouts of Coughing: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Splenic rupture due to trauma is relatively common. However, spontaneous non-traumatic ruptures do occur. Causes include infection, neoplasia and infiltrative process. We present an unique case of a 59-year-old patient who presented with dyspnea and left upper abdominal discomfort following bouts of coughing, and was provisionally diagnosed as pulmonary embolism. CT scan revealed splenic rupture. Only a few case reports are published documenting spontaneous splenic rupture following coughing. The therapy of choice can vary between patients depending on the grade of splenic rupture, hemodynamic instability, availability of endovascular treatment and physician preference. Treatment should be focused on preserving splenic tissue if feasible. Non-traumatic rupture of the spleen must be considered in patients presenting with left-sided upper abdominal pain even without evident history of trauma, since early recognition and treatment can prevent serious morbidity and mortality. J Curr Surg. 2016;6(3-4):81-85 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs308w
Dietary Restriction in C. elegans

Ageing increases risk for multiple chronic diseases. Dietary restriction (DR), reducing food intake without malnutrition, is a potent intervention that delays ageing and onset of age-related diseases from yeast to mammals. Research using model organisms such as C. elegans can therefore be used to elucidate mechanisms underpinning DR that might have therapeutic potential. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using C. elegans to study how DR modulates healthy ageing. We provide a comprehensive summary on the different methods of DR used to date, and the effects of DR on healthspan and models of age-related diseases. We focus on the molecular mechanisms and physiological processes used by DR to promote longevity, highlighting advantages of using C. elegans as a model to discover novel mechanisms that can be translated to anti-ageing interventions in humans.
Transfer of DNR orders to the ED from extended care facilities.

Abstract Purpose/objective With an elderly and chronically ill patient population visiting the emergency department, it is important to know patients' wishes regarding care preferences and advanced directives. Ohio law states DNR orders must be transported with the patient when they leave an extended care facility (ECF). We reviewed the charts of ECF patients to evaluate which patients presenting to the ED had their DNR status recognized by the physician and DNR orders that were made during their hospital stay. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients presenting from ECFs to the ED, blinding the treating team to the purpose. We did a chart review for the presence of a DNR form, demographic data and acknowledgement of the DNR forms. Results Fifty patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 77.6years and 56% were female. Twenty-eight percent had a DNR order transported to the ED, but 68% had a DNR preference noted in their ECF notes. Registration only noted an advanced directive on 32% of patients ( p =0.09). Eighteen percent had a DNR noted by the ED physician ( p =0.42). Sixteen percent of patients had a DNR order written by an ED physician while 28% had a DNR order written by a non-ED physician during their inpatient evaluation. Thirty percent had a palliative care consult while in the hospital, but there was no significant association between DNR from the ECF and these consults. Conclusions Hospital staff did a poor job of noting DNR preferences and ECFs were inconsistent with sending Ohio DNR forms.
Volume and outcomes relationship in laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair

There is no published data regarding the relationship between hospital volume and outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair. We hypothesize that hospitals performing high case volume have improved outcomes compared to low-volume hospitals. We reviewed the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2008 and 2012 for adults with the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia who underwent elective laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic Hernia and/or Nissen fundoplication. Pediatric, emergent, and open cases were excluded. Main outcome measures included logistic regression analysis of factors predictive of in-hospital mortality and outcomes according to annual hospital case volume. A total of 31,228 laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia operations were analyzed. The overall in-hospital mortality was 0.14%. Risk factors for higher in-hospital mortality included renal failure (AOR: 6.26; 95% CI: 2.48–15.78; p 60 years (AOR: 5.06; 95% CI: 2.38–10.76; p < 0.001), and CHF (AOR: 3.80; 95% CI: 1.39–10.38; p = 0.009) while an incremental increase in volume of 10 cases/year (AOR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81–0.98; p = 0.019) and diabetes (AOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.93; p = 0.036) decreases mortality. There was a small but significant inverse relationship between hospital case volume and mortality with a 10% reduction in adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality for every increase in 10 cases per year. Using 10 cases per year as the volume threshold, low-volume hospitals (≤10 cases/year) had almost a twofold higher mortality compared to high-volume hospitals (0.23 vs. 0.12%, respectively, p = 0.02). There was a small but significant inverse relationship between the hospitals’ case volume and mortality in laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair.
An Ultra-Dense IoT Architecture using Hybrid CSMA with Sector Based Scheduling (CSMA/SS) via Visible Light Communications

Future dense networks will be expected to reconcile the coexistence of high-rate mobile traffic mixed with low-rate and potentially delay-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) traffic. The conflicting requirements for each traffic type challenge the efficient use of the available spectrum and suggest a need for new access technologies. We propose a novel approach in which sectors of a dense network can be engaged using out-of-band signaling employing the visible spectrum. This function serves the purpose of mitigating congestion by specifying which sectors are active and decreasing the number of devices contending for RF resources at any given time. We show how this solution can improve utilization of the RF channel in the presence of heavy contention while removing the need for centralized knowledge of devices in the network.
Trouble in the Melting Arctic: The EPA’s Failure to Impose Air Pollution Control Measures

In 2010, the EPA approved two permits for Shell to begin offshore exploratory drilling in the Arctic’s Chukchi and Beaufort Seas with the drillship Discoverer. REDOIL, a group representing the rights of the region’s indigenous peoples, contested the permits and argued that they violated the Clean Air Act by failing to require best available control technology (BACT) for emissions from the operation’s associated fleet of service vessels. In Resisting Environmental Destruction of Indigenous Lands (REDOIL) v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found that the Act is ambiguous on the application of BACT to the drilling operation’s associated fleet and upheld the EPA’s interpretation that BACT is only required for the main drillship. The court was bound to defer to the agency’s reasonable interpretation under Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. This Comment argues that the EPA could have ensured a more environmentally friendly outcome by embracing stricter applications of BACT that it has embraced in the past.
Unilateral Posterior Interstitial Keratitis as a Clinical Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Disease.

To describe a case series of patients with unilateral, posterior interstitial keratitis presumed to be caused by herpes simplex virus.Retrospective case series.Five patients were found to have unilateral, posterior interstitial keratitis. Three of the involved eyes had decreased corneal sensation, and 2 eyes had corneal stromal neovascularization. All patients were treated with topical steroids and an oral antiviral, and among those with long-term follow-up, clinical improvement required treatment over an extended duration. A review of the literature revealed 1 reported case with a similar clinical appearance, although that case was attributed to Lyme disease.The clinical presentation of unilateral, posterior interstitial keratitis may be a rare manifestation of herpes simplex virus keratitis.
Alcohol Advertising on Social Media: Examining the Content of Popular Alcohol Brands on Instagram.

Background: There is considerable evidence that exposure to alcohol marketing increases the likelihood of adolescents initiating and engaging in alcohol consumption. There is a paucity of research,...
How much of the ocean is protected

To maintain and recover marine life and address the challenges of degraded oceans governments are establishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). In recent years, the rate of MPA creation, especially v...
Education of Visually Impaired Children: A Survey of Priorities in New York State:

This article describes the results of a Needs Assessment Questionnaire mailed to professionals, paraprofessionals, and parents in New York State who were involved in the education of visually impai...
Echocardiography in Sarcoidosis

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of CS is challenging and typically one that is only entertained after many other conditions have been ruled out. A high index of suspicion is necessary in order to correctly determine appropriate testing for the disease. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most readily available imaging modality available to help establish a diagnosis in a potential patient. However, no one echocardiographic feature is pathognomonic. On echocardiography, unusual wall motion abnormalities, which do not fit a classic coronary distribution, along with diastolic dysfunction may alert one to the presence of cardiac sarcoid, particularly in the right clinical context. Myocardial strain imaging on echocardiography may increase the sensitivity of identifying cardiac sarcoidosis. Alternative imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography have become more frequently utilized to establish a diagnosis of CS. Cardiac sarcoidosis remains a difficult condition to diagnose. However early diagnosis is critical to decrease the associated high mortality. Endomyocardial biopsy is highly specific but lacks sensitivity due to the patchy nature of the granulomatous deposition. Thus, imaging plays a role in diagnosis as well as for follow-up. Echocardiography remains an hallmark during the workup for CS. Decreased sensitivity of echocardiography has facilitated the use of other techniques to establish the presence of CS.
Migrants in the City: Dublin Through the Stranger’s Eyes in Hugo Hamilton’s Hand in the Fire

In Hugo Hamilton’s 2010 novel Hand in the Fire, the first Irish novel written from an Eastern European perspective, Serbian immigrant Vid Cosic is a witness to and conduit of Irish shame amidst revelations of abuses of institutional power during the Celtic Tiger period. As a migrant worker in Dublin, Vid’s position outside of citizenship allows him to register the fundamentally unequal treatment of both migrants and women in Ireland and the reversion to colonial hierarchies that shape his exclusion. The city is figured in the novel as a site of tension between insiders scrambling for power and outsiders desiring integration and access to resources. As he renovates his friend’s family home, seen through his eyes as a set of beams and nails, so too does Dublin emerge as a house with ‘good bones’, so to speak, that urgently needs renovation. Relatedly, Hamilton suggests that, despite Dublin’s increasingly cosmopolitan character, gender inequities continue to structure the capital city. Both of these sociopolitical and gendered forms of exclusion, I argue, produce a sense of shame pervading all relationships in Dublin specifically and the nation more generally. Hamilton’s narrativisation of these distinct but related forms of exclusion and stratification are most effectively viewed through six affective public and private spaces—the home, the pub, the court, the pier, the street, and the church—that structure the city and, ultimately, the Celtic Tiger nation.
aVR ST Segment Elevation: Acute STEMI or Not? Incidence of an Acute Coronary Occlusion.

Abstract Background Identification of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is critical because early reperfusion can save myocardium and increase survival. ST elevation (STE) in lead augmented vector right (aVR), coexistent with multilead ST depression, was endorsed as a sign of acute occlusion of the left main or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in the 2013 STEMI guidelines. We investigated the incidence of an acutely occluded coronary in patients presenting with STE-aVR with multilead ST depression. Methods STEMI activations between January 2014 and April 2018 at the University of Arizona Medical Center were identified. All electrocardiograms (ECGs) and coronary angiograms were blindly analyzed by experienced cardiologists. Among 847 STEMI activations, 99 patients (12%) were identified with STE-aVR with multilead ST depression. Results Emergent angiography was performed in 80% (79/99) of patients. Thirty-six patients (36%) presented with cardiac arrest, and 78% (28/36) underwent emergent angiography. Coronary occlusion, thought to be culprit, was identified in only 8 patients (10%), and none of those lesions were left main or left anterior descending occlusions. A total of 47 patients (59%) were found to have severe coronary disease, but most had intact distal flow. Thirty-two patients (40%) had mild to moderate or no significant disease. However, STE-aVR with multilead ST depression was associated with 31% in-hospital mortality compared with only 6.2% in a subgroup of 190 patients with STEMI without STE-aVR (p Conclusions STE-aVR with multilead ST depression was associated with acutely thrombotic coronary occlusion in only 10% of patients. Routine STEMI activation in STE-aVR for emergent revascularization is not warranted, although urgent, rather than emergent, catheterization appears to be important.
Equity in access? The number of the books available in grade 1, 3 and 5 classroom libraries

In this study, we examined students’ access to text, defined as the number of texts freely available to children in their classrooms. From 60 elementary classrooms across five states, we catalogued the books in first, third and fifth grades in both high- and low-achieving schools (based on state-wide reading test scores) to create a database of more than 50,000 books. From this database, we concluded that the number of books per classroom varied significantly within and between states. However, the quantity of texts available to students did not appear to be related to variations in test scores; 54 of the 60 classrooms surpassed the recommended number of books per child based on previous research; two of the six classrooms that did not were in high-achieving schools. Our conclusion is that classroom libraries can provide children with necessary access to print, but access alone does little to explain differences between states in standardised test scores.
Practical Considerations in Traffic Flow Systems for ODM Vehicles

The continuously increasing interest toward using personal cars in cities with high population is causing more traffic congestion and gridlocks each day. Urban Air Mobility is a rapidly growing concept with the promise of alleviating the traffic on the ground by moving parts of urban transportation to the air. One of the challenges of the urban air mobility is addressing of the On-Demand Mobility vehicles. This paper analyzes this challenge and also suggests practical solutions. The analysis is based on a Monte-Carlo stochastic model that was developed specifically to assess ODM-vehicles traffic patterns and predict possible high-demand periods. Moreover, multiple scenarios of possible policies and flexibilities along with their traffic-flow patterns will be presented. Their impact on the allowed flight time will be discussed. The associated simulation results are provided to enable exploring the most appropriate number of addresses needed to accommodate the maximum number of cars for different cases.
Bridging past and future to address water stress

The long-term role of mountains as water providers to lowlands is threatened by shrinking glaciers due to anthropogenic climate change. Modelling this dependence and uncovering past indigenous responses can inform adaptive responses.
Co-Manifestations of Genital Neurofibromatosis in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Genitourinary presentation of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is rare, amongst which bladder involvement is the most common. Sporadic case reports do highlight infrequent external genitalia involvement in NF-1. We present a 21-year-old male with prior childhood history of partial cystectomy for an NF-1 related bladder tumor, who more recently presented with gross hematuria. Workup revealed multiple ganglioneuromas involving the bladder, prostate, and penis, and the patient underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and penile mass excision. Recurrences of previously excised urologic tumors or new tumors may appear many years later, and long-term monitoring of NF-1 patients with urologic involvement is necessary.
Soil acidification modifies soil depth-microbiome relationships in a no-till wheat cropping system

Abstract Soil pH is among the most important drivers of soil bacterial community composition and diversity. However, most studies exploring the spatial distribution of soil bacterial communities have focused on the top 10–20 cm of soil, leaving our knowledge of the composition, diversity, and forces structuring subsoil communities relatively unexplored. Moreover, in agricultural soil managed without tillage (no-till), fertilizers often generate an acidified soil layer in the seed zone, rendering no-till soils a unique system in which to study the relative impacts of pH and soil depth on microbial communities. We characterize the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in a no-till wheat-based cropping system from eastern Washington, across soil depths (0 cm, 10 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, and 100 cm). Soil depth was a strong driver of bacterial community composition and diversity. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated the soil surface, Acidobacteria peaked in relative abundance at 10 cm, and Actinobacteria and unidentified taxa were greatest in relative abundance below 25 cm. However, acidified soil disrupted relationships between soil depth and bacterial communities, resulting in a low diversity and distinct composition of bacterial communities at the 10 cm depth. Co-occurrence networks of bacterial taxa revealed groups of co-occurring taxa that responded primarily to soil pH or depth. This work provides an insight on the distribution and drivers of bacterial communities in deep soil profiles in dryland wheat-based cropping systems.
Towards Endovascular Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissection with Smaller Landing Zones and More Patient Eligibility.

Abstract Objective Type A or ascending aortic dissection is an acute life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. Open surgery remains standard-of-care. Development of minimally invasive endografts for Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) will require detailed understanding of dissection and aortic root anatomy to determine patient eligibility and optimal device specifications. Methods Computed tomography images of TAAD cases at our institution from 2012-2019 were identified and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed using OsiriX 10.0 (Bernex, Switzerland). Analysis of key anatomic structures including centerline length measurements, ascending aorta/aortic root dimensions, as well as location and extent of dissection were determined in relation to coronary ostia. Results A total of 53 patients were identified (mean±SD age 60.4±17.1 years; 36 male, 17 female), 46 of whom underwent surgery for TAAD. Four patients died within 30 days of surgery. In 47 patients (88.7%), the entry tear was distal to the highest coronary ostium. These cases were retrospectively considered for endovascular intervention with a non-branched, single endograft stent. Proximal landing zone (LZ) was defined as distance from the highest coronary ostium to entry tear: 35/53 (66.0%) had a proximal LZ length ≥2.0cm, 38/53 (71.7%) had proximal LZ length ≥1.5cm, and 42/53 (79.2%) had proximal LZ length ≥1.0cm. Proximal and distal LZ diameters of the sinotubular junction (STJ) and distal ascending aorta regions were (median [1st quartile-3rd quartile]) 3.29cm [2.73-4.10cm] and 3.49cm [3.09-3.87cm], respectively, with length from STJ to innominate takeoff 8.08cm [6.96-9.40cm]. Ascending aorta radius of curvature was 6.48cm [5.27-8.00cm]. 47.2% (25/53) of patients could be treated with a straight tube graft with ≤20% diameter mismatch between the proximal and distal LZ. Conclusions Almost 80% of patients with TAAD had a proximal LZ ≥1.0cm, and of these, 47.2% had anatomy amenable to endovascular therapy with a non-tapered straight tube graft commercially available devices. To increase patient eligibility for TAAD endovascular intervention, enhanced precision deployment with adequate seal in shorter LZs will be required. Our results serve as a guide for endovascular device specifications designed to treat this devastating condition.
Early life thermal stress: impacts on future temperature preference in weaned pigs (3 to 15 kg)

Thermal stress can result in productivity losses, morbidity, and mortality if proper management practices are not employed. A basic understanding of the relationship between animals and the thermal environment is crucial to assess the environment's impact on livestock performance. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate whether different early life thermal stressors (ELTS) altered the temperature preference of pigs later in life. Twelve sows and their litters were randomly exposed to 1 of 3 ELTS treatments from 7 to 9 d of age: early life heat stress (ELHS; cycling 32 to 38 °C; n = 4), early life cold stress (ELCS; 25.4±1.1 °C without heating lamp; n = 4), or early life thermoneutral (ELTN; 25.4±1.1 °C with a heating lamp; n = 4) conditions. From 10 to 20 d, (weaning) all piglets were exposed to ELTN conditions. At weaning, pigs were randomly assigned to groups of 4 of the same sex and ELTS treatment. Temperature preference, where pigs freely choose a temperature, was assessed in 21 groups (n = 7 groups per ELTS treatment) using 1 of 3 thermal gradient apparatuses (22 to 40 °C). Testing began at 26 ± 1.3 d of age to give pigs time to acclimate to solid food after weaning and 1 group per ELTS treatment were tested simultaneously in each apparatus. Pigs were given 24 h to acclimate followed by a 24-h testing period. Behavior (active and inactive), posture (upright, sternal, and lateral lying), and location were documented every 20 min using instantaneous scan samples. Preferred feeding temperature was determined by the latency to empty a feeder in each location. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. A cubic regression model was used to calculate the peak temperature preference of pigs based on the temperature pigs spent most of their time. The preference range was calculated using peak temperature preference ±SE for each ELTS treatment group. Early life thermal stress altered where pigs spent most of their time within the thermal gradient (P = 0.03) with ELTN pigs preferring cooler temperatures (peak preference of 23.8 °C) compared with their ELCS exposed counterparts (peak preference of 26.0 °C; P 0.05). In summary, ELCS exposure altered pig temperature preference later in life indicating that ELTS can alter temperature preference in pigs.
Evaluation of AIRS and CrIS SST Measurements Relative to Three Globally Gridded SST Products Between 2013 and 2019

Globally gridded sea surface temperatures (SSTs) provide key data for long-term monitoring of the stability of satellite data. Despite apparent limitations, accurate hyperspectral data can provide useful independent information to critique the stability of global SST products on the annual-to-decadal time scale. We compared data from atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) on EOS Aqua and Crosstrack Interferometer Sounder (CrIS) on SNPP with the SST products from NOAA/NESDIS [real time global (RTG)], the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), and the U.K. Met Office [Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA)]. For the 2013–2019 period, the overall standard deviation of the difference between AIRS and the RTG was 0.55 K, with an increasing trend over time. In contrast, the standard deviation of the difference between the AIRS, the CMC, and the OSTIA dropped steadily to below 0.4 K, a level previously seen only in SST products relative to independent buoy data. Unexplained biases between the observed and the gridded SSTs at the 100-mK level are consistent with the already existing estimates of the AIRS and CrIS absolute calibration accuracy. However, the AIRS and CrIS observations both show artifacts in all three SST products, increasing with distance from the equator, with the CMC artifacts being the smallest. Even with the CMC, a trend of 4 mK per year relative to AIRS and CrIS was observed between 2013 and 2019 for the 30S–30N oceans. Investigation of the underlying causes of the observed discrepancies requires further work.
Surgery versus radiation therapy outcomes in patients with clinical stage 0 non-small cell lung cancer.

e20537Background: There are currently no clear national guidelines for management of in-situ (stage 0) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With no prospective clinical trial data, treatment strateg...
Total Graphs and Total Digraphs

As investigation of the concept of a line graph has led to many interesting results, it is natural to expect that there has also been meaningful research into variations and generalizations of the subject. In this, the first of several chapters on such topics, instead of just the edges of a given graph becoming the vertices of a new graph, both the vertices and the edges of the original become vertices. The new graph is called the total graph of the original, and of course adjacency in the total graph has an appropriate definition, combining incidence and adjacency from the original graph. It so happens that total graphs have a nice alternative description in terms first of replacing the edges of a graph by paths of length 2 and then joining by an edge any vertices at distance 2. After some elementary properties of total graphs results on planarity, Eulerian and Hamiltonian total graphs are analyzed. The chapter concludes with results on total digraphs, which behave quite differently from total graphs.
Theory of Electronic Properties of Metal Clusters and Particles

In this chapter, the word ‘particle’ is used in a general sense, referring to naked clusters, to ligated molecular units, and to structural fragments of an extended system such as a supported catalyst. One theme of theoretical interest has been the effort to understand and describe how specific properties such as ionization potentials evolve from the atomic limit, through M n natom clusters, arriving at the bulk solid. On the experimental side it has been noted that important properties such as chemical reactivity are size and shape dependent, offering opportunities to study and control materials properties. Cluster compounds provide a nearly ideal testing ground for the comparison of theories and experiment, since the local coordination can be precisely determined and a single structure can be characterized. Among others, the ceramics and metallurgical industries are beginning to exploit the possibilities of novel materials formed by condensation and compaction of particle vapors. Lessons learned from study of cluster compounds can be applied to analysis of composite particulate materials.
Extensions of the Regions of Validity of the Asymptotic Solutions

Except for the formal theory of Chapter II and Theorem 3.3-1, all results proved so far have been local. They are valid in unspecified, possibly small, neighborhoods of a point. Several techniques exist for the study of the asymptotic properties of the solutions in larger domains. Most of those methods have to be adapted to specific examples, because general theories are either too difficult or so cumbersome as to yield little insight. Here is a short list of the various approaches available.
Introduction to Precursor Neoplasms

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is the only “precursor neoplasm” and only myeloid malignancy included in the WHO-EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. This exceptionally rare and very aggressive lymphoma is derived from blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cells, an uncommon subtype of dendritic cells. In contrast to our detailed knowledge of T-cell and B-cell biology, very little is known about the biology and function of normal blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Optimal structure of agency with product complementarity and substitutability

The paper investigates a typical situation that arises in procurement, regulation or sub-contracting. A principal needs to obtain two di erent inputs which she can use in any positive amounts and in any proportion. Inputs are produced by agents who have private information about their costs. The paper studies a set of conditions determining the choice between a single-agent mechanism (one agent producing both inputs) and a two-agent mechanism (each agent producing a di erent input). An optimal mechanism is characterized in each of these cases. In the two-agent case, it is a combination of interdependent onedimensional mechanisms, while in the single-agent case the mechanism is multi (two)-dimensional. It is shown that when the inputs are (weakly) complementary in the principal's bene t function, a single-agent mechanism is superior, unless the production costs of the two inputs are distributed over su ciently asymmetric supports. If they are substitutes, then either mechanism can be optimal depending on the degree of substitutability (the appropriate measure of which is derived in the paper), and the frequency of e cient types in the population.
Daily pistachio consumption benefits multiple cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes (272.3)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes, and dietary modification continues to be the first line of therapy recommended for risk management. This s...
“Loving Nature” Nature’s Way: Exploring Radical Participation With Nature Through the Metaphor of Complex, Dynamic Self-Systems

The Western metaphor of self-as-identity—as a static, inherently exclusive entity—has been instrumental, historically, to our radical separation from nature, and still hampers a reviving of genuine participation with nature. Suggesting an alternative to this metaphor (informed by literacy as technology), I explore the more nature-informed metaphor of dynamic, complex self-systems, involving both natural and human subsystems. Through this latter metaphor, I re-vision radical participation with nature: in the process of perception, in epistemology/ontology, and in the ways of indigenous, oral cultures. This systems metaphor also sheds contrasting light on literacy-informed, Western ways.
Histidine mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is the primary regulator of flux through the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Analysis of the primary amino-acid sequences of PDK from various sources reveals that these enzymes include the five domains characteristic of prokaryotic two-component His-kinases, despite the fact that PDK exclusively phosphorylates Ser residues in the E1α subunit of the PDC. This seeming contradiction might be resolved if the PDK-catalyzed reaction employed a phospho-His intermediate. The results from pH-stability studies of autophosphorylated Arabidopsis thaliana PDK did not provide any support for a phospho-His intermediate. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of the two most likely phosphotransfer His residues (H121 and H168) did not abolish either PDK autophosphorylation or the ability to transphosphorylate E1α. Thus, PDK is a unique type of protein kinase having a His-kinase-like sequence but Ser-kinase activity.
SAR distribution and thermal elevation in a human head model due to the operation of the data telemetry link and implanted chip in a retinal prosthesis

In this work, we use the 3-D finite difference time domain method to investigate the microwave data telemetry link at two widely different frequencies and examine the power deposition in the head-eye tissues quantified as peak 1-g SARs for an estimated maximum transmitted power. A 3-D thermal analysis is also performed to determine the increase in the steady state temperature distribution in the head-eye tissues due to the operation of the implanted chip.
Amygdala on the Lookout.

results present an explanatory challenge: why would the amygdala be hypoactive in paranoid individuals who exhibit heightened threat perception and elevated physiological arousal? To explain this paradoxical finding, some investigators hypothesized that reduced frontal control over the amygdala due to dysconnectivity of frontolimbic circuitry could lead to hypervigilanceand misattribution of fear to incoming signals (3). AnotherpossibilityisthatmethodologicallimitationsofBOLD fMRI have obstructed a more accurate quantification of amygdala activity. In this issue of the Journal, a new study conducted by Pinkham and colleagues (5) offers a methodological explanation for discrepant findings concerning aberrant amygdala activity in paranoid schizophrenia. The authors definitively demonstrate higher baseline amygdala activity in paranoid compared with nonparanoid patients with schizophrenia, by employing arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI. Arterial spin labeling allows for a noninvasive and quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) by using magneticallylabeledarterialbloodwaterasanendogenoustracer (asopposedtoexogenousradioactivetracersusedinpositron emission tomography) (6). There are both important methodological and conceptual advances here worthy of note. In addition to arterial spin labeling, the authors acquired BOLD fMRI data while participants rated photographs of faces for trustworthiness. By measuring resting state regional CBF and task-related BOLD activity in the same participants, the authors were able to examine group differences in baseline amygdala activity alongside differences in task-related fluctuations of amygdalaactivity.Suchcomparisonsareparticularlyrelevant to schizophrenia, as prior evidence of amygdala hypoactivation relied on BOLD contrasts blind to potential group differences in baseline activity. Indeed, Pinkham and colleagues found that acutely paranoid patients exhibited higher resting CBF in the bilateral amygdala compared with nonparanoid patients and healthy comparison subjects, who did not differ from each other. On the other hand, the BOLD fMRI task analysis revealed a general trend of amygdala hypoactivation in paranoid compared with nonparanoid participants. Thus, observed taskrelated amygdala hypoactivity likely reflects higher baseline amygdala activity that mitigates the stimulus-driven signal change detected by the BOLD contrast. Additional wholebrain group comparisons found greater CBF in the internal capsule, the corpus callosum, and portions of the inferior temporal and fusiform gyri in paranoid compared with nonparanoid patients. Overall, these results suggest that paranoia
Assignment: Disability & Open Letters

This assignment describes how students can "speak back" to problematic disability representations through writing open letters. A short introduction, reading list, and assignment are supplied.
Clinically aggressive "low-grade" uterine carcinosarcoma: A case report.

Carcinosarcoma (CS), also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT), of the uterus is a rare malignancy accounting for less than 4% of all uterine cancers (Arend et al., 2011). The tumor is characterized as mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. There is considerable diversity in the histological types of the tumor elements. The carcinomatous component is most commonly serous or high-grade endometrioid, while the sarcomatous component may display a wide range of morphology, such as leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, but is generally poorly differentiated (de Jong et al., 2011). Uterine CS is considered a Type II epithelial endometrial malignancy with high rates of p53 mutations, like other high-grade endometrial cancers. The cancer is often advanced at presentation and follows an aggressive clinical course associated with poor survival rates. We present an unusual case of uterine CS exhibiting low-grade histology in both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in a patient who presented with advanced disease with rapid progression.
A re-examination of the seismicity of Michigan

Abstract According to reports on felt shocks and those recorded by instruments, 105 seismic events have been reported as occurring within Michigan from the 1700's to the present. Of these, 41 instrumental events are due to chemical explosions detonated in experiments during 1964–1966. Of the remaining events, most of those reported from the Upper Peninsula are related to mining. In the Lower Peninsula, most events can be shown, or strongly inferred, to be cryoseisms, atmospheric shock waves from explosions or aircraft, or errors in location or reporting. At least four, and perhaps up to eight, events are thought to be tectonic earthquakes and occur in the southernmost part of the state, primarily in western Lake Erie and the southwestern corner of the state, or in Lake Superior. This study indicates that the seismicity level within Michigan is very low and that there is no evidence to substantiate either a tectonically active Michigan Basin seismic zone or the extension of the Midcontinent seismic zone into Keweenaw Peninsula. In addition, these results suggest that earthquake catalogs for weakly seismic regions may be contaminated with non-tectonic, and even non-seismic, events. Thirty earthquakes occurring outside the state have also been reported in Michigan. These lie primarily along a line connecting the St. Lawrence Seaway and the New Madrid zone of Missouri.
Kinematics for Constrained Continuum Robots Using Wavelet Decomposition

Over the past several years, there has been a rapidly expanding interest in the study and construction of a new class of robot manipulators which utilize high degree of freedom, or continuous, backbone structures. In this paper, we consider some basic properties of these "continuum'' or "hyperredundant'' robots. We base our analysis around remotely-driven, tendon-actuated manipulators such as the Rice/Clemson "Elephant's Trunk''. We briefly discuss the kinematic model, before detailing how to approach the inverse kinematics for a planar continuum robot by decomposition into either a natural or a wavelet basis. We also examine how a wavelet decomposition method can help resolve redundancy in a planar continuum robot. Introduction By observing manipulation methods in nature, one may eventually reach the conclusion that rigid-link, low degree of freedom devices should meet the majority of manipulative and locomotive needs. However, some creatures make use of alternative methods based on very high degree of freedom (HDOF) backbones, such as snakes, or continuous "trunk'' or "tentacle'' structures. These manipulators, a subset of a class termed hyper-redundant, exhibit unique capabilities including extremely enhanced maneuverability. Hyper-redundant manipulators have the potential to navigate extremely complex paths, and to suffer localized damage or faults while still maintaining a healthy degree of functionality. In principle, this makes them suitable for a variety of delicate and dangerous tasks where a traditional robot could not reach, or where failure of a traditional robot would completely paralyze all subsequent operations. Examples of such tasks are nuclear waste inspection and removal, and navigation or inspection of highly cluttered environments such as collapsed buildings. In this paper we will concentrate on the fundamentals of a specific type of hyper-redundant robot, frequently referring to the Rice/Clemson "Elephant's Trunk''[2]. This is a type of remotely-actuated device which uses cables, or tendons generally, to transmit forces from a motor platform into the trunk itself. The salient feature of the Elephant's Trunk is that its high number of links (16), combined with the small size of each link, allow us to closely approximate it as a truly continuous backbone. Similar robots in our laboratory do in fact possess continuous backbones made of various materials, termed continuum robots. The following problems and theories apply to all of these robots. Using a continuous backbone model for the robot kinematics, we address the issue of how to approach inverse kinematics given physical properties of the robot. Background Several researchers have worked in the area of hyper-redundant, including continuum and HDOF manipulators, for various reasons. In Japan, Hirose pioneered the development of snake-like robots, especially with regards to locomotion; an overview of his work exists in [1]. Also, Mochiyama et. al. have investigated the problem of controlling the shape of an HDOF rigid-link robot with two-degree-of-
Design, performance, and early results from extremely high Doppler precision instruments in a global network

We report design, performance and early results from two of the Extremely High Precision Extrasolar Planet Tracker Instruments (EXPERT) as part of a global network for hunting for low mass planets in the next decade. EXPERT is a combination of a thermally compensated monolithic Michelson interferometer and a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph for extremely high precision Doppler measurements for nearby bright stars (e.g., 1m/s for a V=8 solar type star in 15 min exposure). It has R=18,000 with a 72 micron slit and a simultaneous coverage of 390-694 nm. The commissioning results show that the instrument has already produced a Doppler precision of about 1 m/s for a solar type star with S/N~100 per pixel. The instrument has reached ~4 mK (P-V) temperature stability, ~1 mpsi pressure stability over a week and a total instrument throughput of ~30% at 550 nm from the fiber input to the detector. EXPERT also has a direct cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy mode fed with 50 micron fibers. It has spectral resolution of R=27,000 and a simultaneous wavelength coverage of 390-1000 nm.
Primordial gravity waves and weak lensing.

Inflation produces a primordial spectrum of gravity waves in addition to the density perturbations which seed structure formation. We compute the signature of these gravity waves in the large scale shear field. The shear can be divided into a gradient mode ($G$ or $E$) and a curl mode ($C$ or $B$). The latter is produced only by gravity waves, so the observations of a nonzero curl mode could be seen as evidence for inflation. We find that the expected signal from inflation is small, peaking on the largest scales at $l(l+1){C}_{l}/2\ensuremath{\pi}l{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ at $l=2$ and falling rapidly thereafter. Even for an all-sky deep survey, this signal would be below noise at all multipoles.
Quantitative measurement of the migration of intracutaneously injected cottonseed allergen in passive transfer studies.

Abstract Quantitative measurement of the migration of the cottonseed allergen, CS-13, in inciting positive passive transfer reactions and in neutralizing reagins by migration to an uninjected site 50 mm. from the injected site is described. Implications of these observations on interpretation of results obtained in comparing allergen fractions by multiple sensitized site testing on a single recipient are discussed. The results justify development of the method of evaluating allergens (described in our preceding article) which eliminates interference by migration.
Low-temperature measurements of the fraction of re-emitted positronium from a Cu(111)+S surface

Abstract A positron beam has been utilized to measure the positronium (Ps) fraction re-emitted from a Cu(111)+S sample from 40 K to 350 K for incident energies ranging from 0.5 to 5 keV. Our results at 525 eV incident energy are compared with two recent theories from 40 K to 850 K. The Ps fraction shows only a slight positive temperature dependence below room temperature and we conclude that the positron trapping rate and probability of Ps formation at the surface are largely independent of sample temperature for Cu(111)+S. In addition we present evidence that positrons in the bulk material are not localized in shallow traps at low temperatures for well-annealed high-purity single crystals of Cu and Al.
Neutron and β/γ Radiolysis of Water up to Supercritical Conditions. 1. β/γ Yields for H2, H· Atom, and Hydrated Electron

Yields for H2, H• atom, and hydrated electron production in β/γ radiolysis of water have been measured from room temperature up to 400 °C on a 250 bar isobar, and also as a function of pressure (density) at 380 and 400 °C. Radiolysis was carried out using a beam of 2−3 MeV electrons from a van de Graaff accelerator, and detection was by mass spectrometer analysis of gases sparged from the irradiated water. N2O was used as a specific scavenger for hydrated electrons giving N2 as product. Ethanol-d6 was used to scavenge H• atoms, giving HD as a stable product. It is found that the hydrated electron yield decreases and the H• atom yield increases dramatically at lower densities in supercritical water, and the overall escape yield increases. The yield of molecular H2 increases with temperature and does not tend toward zero at low density, indicating that it is formed promptly rather than in spur recombination. A minimum in both the radical and H2 yields is observed around 0.4 kg/dm3 density in supercritical w...