cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intranasal hydrocodone-acetaminophen abuse induced necrosis of the nasal cavity and pharynx.

Objectives Two million new users will abuse prescription narcotics this year, most commonly hydrocodone. The most commonly prescribed form is hydrocodone-acetaminophen (HA). Many individuals crush the tablets and snort the product to take advantage of the rapid trans mucosal delivery of narcotics. The resultant pathology of intranasal hydrocodone acetaminophen abuse (INHAA) has been described only in a few case studies.
Narrowing the phase window width in prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat 320-detector row coronary CT angiography.

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between the phase window width and image quality in prospectively ECG-gated 320-detector row coronary CTA, and to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and the number of cardiac phases with diagnostic quality images. Methods Thirty-six phases (60–95% R-R, 1% increments) were reconstructed in 41 consecutive prospectively gated single R-R 320 × 0.5 mm detector row coronary CTA patients. For each phase, two cardiovascular imagers retrospectively documented the phases considered diagnostic for the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA). The smallest phase window width including at least one diagnostic phase for 95% of coronary arteries was determined, and after accounting for sampling variation, the same smallest window width was estimated for the general population. Inter-rater agreement was determined. A linear regression model evaluated the relationship between heart rate and width of diagnostic phase windows. Results Widening the phase window width increases the proportion of coronary arteries with at least one diagnostic phase. Among the 41 patients, 95% of vessels had a diagnostic phase in the 72–77% phase window. Accounting for sampling variation, the 72–81% phase window has a 0.95 probability of including a diagnostic phase for 95% of coronary arteries in the general population. Interobserver agreement was 0.959 with 0.95 confidence interval [0.908, 0.987]. Patients with a lower heart rate had significantly more diagnostic phases. Conclusions For prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat coronary CTA, a phase window width of 10% will reduce patient radiation and yield diagnostic images in >90% of patients. Heart rate control is an important component of 320-detector row prospectively gated CT dose reduction.
An algorithm for the eigenvalues of a corner with mixed boundary conditions

Abstract Displacements and stresses near a corner with one side fixed and the other side free can be written as series expansions of eigenfunctions of the form r λj f j (γ) . The same is true of a point on a smooth boundary with a sudden change of boundary conditions from free to fixed. The eigenvalues λ j are in general complex numbers that are required in order of ascending real part. An algorithm is presented that computes any number of λ j in order of ascending real part.
Postconditioning in females depends on injury severity.

Background Postconditioning, a series of brief ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles at reperfusion onset, is a recently described novel approach to attenuate I/R injury, and because it is an after-injury treatment strategy, it may have greater clinical potential than preconditioning. However, it has not been determined whether postconditioning is effective in women. Materials and methods Adult male and female (250–300 g) Sprague–Dawley rat hearts ( n = 25) were isolated, perfused via Langendorff model, and subjected to 15 min of equilibration, 20 or 25 min of global index ischemia (37°C), and 40 min total reperfusion. Postconditioned hearts were subjected to 6 cycles of 10-s reperfusion/10-s ischemia immediately after release of the global index ischemia. Hearts were assigned randomly to one of four groups: 1) control hearts, 20 min index ischemia; 2) postconditioned hearts, 20 min index ischemia; 3) control hearts, 25 min index ischemia; or 4) postconditioned hearts, 25 min index ischemia. All data are reported as mean ± SEM and were analyzed with unpaired student’s t test; P Results Postconditioning in female rats after 20 min of ischemia reduced depression of left ventricular-developed pressure (93.9 ± 6.7% postconditioning recovery versus 58.6 ± 12.6% control recovery, P P P Conclusions Postconditioning confers cardioprotection in leukocyte-free, buffer-perfused female hearts, but this protection may depend on ischemia duration. The attractive potential for the clinical application of postconditioning, however, warrants further studies to elucidate the mechanistic pathways and differences in males and female rats.
Towards designing pillared clays for catalysis

Abstract Recent advances in tailoring pillared clays (PILCs) for catalytic applications are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the variety of reactions beyond acid catalysis: cracking, dehydrogenations, oxidations and particularly clean technology applications, especially De–NO x , which can be carried out in PILCs. Further, recent structure determinations via SANS (small angle neutron scattering) methods have allowed, for the first time, determination of inter-pillar distances, permitting construction of pore geometries. This has also been found possible for the related restructured clays and the SANS-determined structures of K10 and Mg-HMO are reported. The latter is the first of a new type of mildly restructured montmorillonites important in industrially relevant alkenylation reactions for producing key organic intermediates. Implications of these recent advances for eventually designing PILCs for specific catalytic applications are discussed.
Dual-window large-core fiber for high capacity data processing

The design and fabrication of low-loss glass fibers with 100-μm core diam, 140-μm fiber diam, ~0.30 N.A., and 3-dB optical bandwidth of ≥ 20 MHz km has been reported.1 These fibers were fabricated by the outside vapor deposition (OVD) process and had GeO2-SIO2 core and B2O3-SiO2 clad glass compositions. Successful fabrication of blanks of this design utilized the concept of stress balancing2 to minimize breakage due to expansion coefficient mismatch. The fiber was designed for application in the data processing Industry. However, evolution of optical systems for this application over the years has led to a better definition of product needs, and the 50-MHz km bandwidth limit of the quasi-step (α = 3.5) design is no longer considered adequate for high capacity data processing applications. Presently, operating wavelengths of both 800-900 and ∼1300 nm are contemplated. Furthermore, bandwidths In excess of 200 MHz km are considered necessary. To address these application needs, a new large-core high N.A. fiber has been developed. The present paper describes the results of the development program.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MID-TROPOSPHERIC FRONTAL ZONE AND ITS ASSOCIATED VORTICITY FIELD

Abstract A synoptic example of intense frontogenesis at 500 mb is presented and the underlying mechanism is investigated both from the thermal and dynamic standpoints. It is shown that the basic process in operation is a cross-stream gradient of sinking motion with strongest subsidence at the warm edge of the frontal zone. This condition gives rise, to an intensified horizontal temperature gradient and, because of the generally disregarded “vertical-shear” terms in the vorticity equation, leads to a marked increase in vorticity as well. The Ertel vorticity theorem is applied in order to confirm the above conclusions and also to show that in certain regions the frontal zone was of stratospheric origin, the lower boundary being initially part of the polar tropopause. Finally it is shown how the vertical-shear terms may be incorporated in the Sawyer-Bushby numerical prediction model.
Stability of trimetrexate, a new non-classical antifolate, in infusion solutions.

Abstract A prerequisite for the prolonged infusion of a drug via a totally implanted drug delivery system is that the drug solution must be sufficiently stable at physiological temperatures to endure the time intervals between drug replacement or pump refills. Consequently, the stability of the chemotherapeutic agents can influence the dosing accuracy and ultimately the achievement of the desired therapeutic goal. The chemical stability of the pharmaceutical preparation Trimetrexate (TMQ) glucuronate, a non-classical, lipophilic antifolate, has been characterized. Incubation of TMQ (prepared in sterile water to a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml) in sterile, amber glass vials at 37°C for 56 days resulted in a degradation rate constant of 0.0134 ± 0.002 day−1 and a half-life of 51.6 ± 0.8 days. The major degradation product has been identified as (2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-carboxyaldehyde)quinazoline. Ten percent TMQ degradation would occur by 7.9 days of incubation under these conditions.
History of Apalachicola River Delta Area, Florida: ABSTRACT

The Apalachicola River and its tributaries have delivered significant quantities of sediment into the northeastern corner of the Gulf of Mexico since early Tertiary time. The location of a major drainage outlet in the Alabama-Florida-Georgia tri-state area must be a matter of structural control, inasmuch as well-developed Cretaceous cuestas across southern Alabama and Georgia divert important drainages either toward the east (Atlantic Ocean) or the west (Alabama River system, draining into Mobile Bay). The early Tertiary predecessor of the Apalachicola River may have been located about 75 km. east of the present river. The modern gorge of the Apalachicola has been occupied since perhaps middle Miocene time, when a previous estuary (in an important graben or half-graben) was completely filled with sediment. The Mio-Pliocene river built three or four cuspate deltas, at elevations of about 80, 50, 35, and perhaps 25 m. Three of these still exhibit relic offshore-flat, barrier-island, and drained lagoon topography. Clear evidence is present in the area for Pleistocene sea-levels at 9, 6, 0, and -2 m. During the Pleistocene, the Apalachicola dammed the mouth of the Chipola River with sediment, forming Dead Lake, and almost completely filled a large estuary near the village of Apalachicola, leaving Lake Wimico and East Bay as remnants. Many of the features of the modern cuspate delta (including offshore shoals) have been formed, and reworked, as sea-level moved up and down during the Pleistocene. One of these features, an as yet inadequately explored and filled channel perhaps 35-40 m. deep, is under the present course of the river. The low wave-energy level in the northeastern corner of the Gulf of Mexico--much like that along geosynclinal coasts of the past--is responsible for preservation of many delta characteristics which probably would have been eliminated if breaker heights had been typical of an open ocean. Subtle structural deformation, still continuing in the delta area, partly controls the overall delta outline as well as many of the details. The prime structural trend in the area is N. 50°E.; there is less evidence for linears striking approximately N. 70°W. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1756------------
Time course for the elevation of glutathione in numerous organs of L1210-bearing CDF1 mice given the l-cysteine prodrug, RibCys

Abstract RibCys, a thiazolidine prodrug of l -cysteine synthesized by the condensation of the sulfhydryl-containing amino acid with the aldose monosaccharide d -ribose, successfully elevated glutathione (GSH) levels in numerous organs of tumor-bearing CDF1 mice. GSH content was assayed 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after RibCys administration (8 mmol kg , i.p.); various organs achieved maximal GSH content at different time points. GSH in the liver was elevated 1.5-fold compared to untreated controls at the 16-h time point. Kidney GSH also was maximal at 16 h and achieved 1.6-times control values. GSH in muscle achieved 2.5 times the levels in control animals, while the bladder was elevated 2.1-fold, and the heart 1.8-fold. Other tissues tested (spleen, pancreas, lung) showed a 1.1- to 1.2-fold increase in GSH content. GSH in implanted L1210 tumors was also elevated only 1.2-fold. These data suggest the possibility of protecting organs other than the liver from toxic insults that require the intervention of GSH for detoxication and may allow such protection without compromising the utility of chemotherapy.
Insulin: moments in history

The isolation of insulin by Banting and Best in 1922 was a historic event of life-saving importance. Thousands of individuals doomed to die of type I diabetes were saved. The inspiring story of insulin continued to grow and evolve with the development of PZI, NPH, and lente insulins. The advent of production of human insulin from recombinant DNA brought an end to the extraction of insulin from animal pancreas. Modification of the amino acid sequences of insulin led to new forms of fast-acting insulin, such as lispro, aspart, and glulisine, and to long-acting insulins like glargine and detemir. The technology of insulin pumps advanced from large, cumbersome equipment to present-day devices no bigger than a hand calculator. The accuracy of implantable glucose sensors improved progressively, culminating in the approval of devices that will soon exert reliable feedback control of insulin pumps. Transplantation of the pancreas offers a cure for type I diabetes, and the development of islet cell transplantation continues. It is now appreciated that islet cells regenerate in the normal pancreas, and islet cell neogenesis agents have been identified and may eventually contribute to the reversal of diabetes. Drug Dev Res 69:95–100, 2008. ©2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Definition of two new epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag protein recognized by human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones.

Abstract We have established 3 CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two HIV-1-seropositive asymptomatic donors. The epitopes recognized by these CTL clones were defined using synthetic peptides. The epitopes were located on HIV-1gag protein between amino acid (a.a.) 145 and 155 (QAISPRTLNAW), a.a.193 and 201 (GHQAAMQML), and a.a.260 and 267 (EIYKRWII), and were presented by HLA-A25, HLA-B38 and HLA-B8, respectively. The former 2 epitopes have not been previously defined. The HLA-A25-restricted epitope overlapped with HLA-B57-restricted and HLA-Cw3-restricted epitopes previously reported. In addition, this epitope overlapped with an HLA-DQ-restricted epitope recognized by CD4+ CTL. The HLA-B38-restricted epitope overlapped with HLA-A2-restricted and HLA-Bw52-restricted epitopes that were previously reported. The HLA-B38-restricted epitope between a.a.193 and 201 was highly conserved among HIV-1 strains. The results demonstrate that two new epitopes were defined in a region of gag protein that includes multiple epitopes presented by multiple HLA.
Transformation of Monocytoid B-Cell Lymphoma to Large Cell Lymphoma Associated With Crystal-Storing Histiocytes

We report a case of crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with large cell lymphoma in a patient with a history of monocytoid B-cell lymphoma 10 years previously. The cervical lymph node biopsy showed a diffuse proliferation of large lymphocytes with vesicular nuclear chromatin and distinct nucleoli. These lymphocytes were associated with numerous immunoglobulin lambda light-chain crystal-storing histiocytes, which morphologically resembled rhabdomyoblasts. Occasional lymphoid cells also showed large immunoglobulin crystals. This case establishes the association of crystal-storing histiocytes with lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and emphasizes the need for immunophenotyping to distinguish these unusual cases from other tumors, particularly adult rhabdomyomas.
Changes in work rate to oxygen consumption ratio during hypoxia and ischemia in immature and mature rabbit hearts

This study was designed to evaluate the relative response of myocardial efficiency to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia and ischemia) in immature and mature isolated rabbit hearts. Hearts were subjected to either 15 min of hypoxia (60% or 30% O2) or reductions in coronary flow to 75%, 50%, 25%, and 15% of basal flow followed by 12 min of total global ischemia and 15 min of reperfusion. In order to examine changes in cardiac efficiency, we utilized the ratio of isovolumic contractile function (rate-pressure product) to myocardial oxygen consumption (RPP/MVO2). Under basal conditions, immature hearts displayed lower aortic pressure. RPP, coronary resistance and RPP/MVO2. Moderate hypoxia (60% O2) resulted in similar reductions in RPP and MVO2 in both age groups, with RPP/MVO2 remaining unchanged. During severe hypoxia, RPP/MVO2 increased significantly in mature hearts but not in immature hearts (P < 0.05). Underperfusion produced greater reductions in RPP and heart rate, whereas reperfusion after ischemia resulted in greater recovery of RPP, dP/dt and MVO2 in immature compared to mature hearts. When oxygen supply was limited by reductions in coronary perfusion. RPP/MVO2 tended to increase in mature hearts, whereas the ratio declined significantly in immature hearts. These data demonstrate that, in this model, a reduction in oxygen supply by hypoxia or hypoperfusion decreases efficiency in immature hearts, but increases efficiency in mature hearts under the same conditions.
Endothelial dysfunction in a man with disruptive mutation in oestrogen-receptor gene

1146 Vol 349 • April 19, 1997 hydrochloride in the treatment of refractory neurocardiogenic syncope in children and adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 490–94. 3 Kosinski DJ, Grubb BP, Elliott L, Dubois D. Treatment of malignant neurogenic syncope with dual chamber cardiac pacing and fluoxetine hydrochloride. PACE 1995; 18: 1455–57. 4 Grubb BP, Kosinski D, Samoil D, Pothoulakis A, Lorton M, Kip K. Postpartum syncope. PACE 1995; 18: 1028–31. 5 McAnally LE, Threlkeld KR, Dreyling CA. Case report of a syncopal episode associated with fluoxetine. Ann Pharm 1992; 26: 1090–91.
Complementarity and which-path information

Summary form only given. Complementarity is one of the most basic principles of quantum mechanics. A quantum mechanical object, be it a photon or a massive particle, shows position (particle-like) or momentum (wave-like) attributes exclusively depending on the experimental situation. Over the years, Young's two-slit experiment has been emphasized as a good example of complementarity. We report two two-slit experiments in which complementarity is enforced by availability of which-path information at the measurement stage of the quantum, which is different from the traditional understanding. A type-II BBO crystal is pumped by a CW UV laser generating spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). Entangled signal and idler photons are then sent in different directions. A double slit is placed in the idler beam and the idler detectors are scanned in the transverse direction.
Spatiotemporal modeling of soil organic carbon stocks across a subtropical region

Abstract Given the significance and complex nature of soil organic carbon in the context of the global carbon cycle, the need exists for more accurate and economically feasible means of soil organic carbon analysis and its underlying spatial variation at regional scale. The overarching goal of this study was to assess both the spatial and temporal variability of soil organic carbon within a subtropical region of Florida, USA. Specifically, the objectives were to: i) quantify regional soil organic carbon stocks for historical and current conditions and ii) determine whether the soils have acted as a net sink or a net source for atmospheric carbon-dioxide over an approximate 40 year time period. To achieve these objectives, geostatistical interpolation models were used in conjunction with “historical” and “current” datasets to predict soil organic carbon stocks for the upper 20 cm soil profile of the study area. Soil organic carbon estimates derived from the models ranged from 102 to 108 Tg for historical conditions and 211 to 320 Tg for current conditions, indicating that soils in the study area have acted as a net sink for atmospheric carbon over the last 40 years. A paired resampling of historical sites supported the geostatistical estimates, and resulted in an average increase of 0.8 g carbon m − 2 yr − 1 across all collocated samples. Accurately assessing the spatial and temporal state of soil organic carbon at regional scale is critical to further our understanding of global carbon stocks and provide a baseline so that the effects sustainable land use policy can be evaluated.
Bioinformatics approaches to classifying allergens and predicting cross-reactivity.

Allergenic proteins from very different environmental sources have similar sequences and structures. This fact may account for multiple allergen syndromes, whereby a myriad of diverse plants and foods may induce a similar IgE-based reaction in certain patients. Identifying the common triggering protein in these sources, in silico, can aid designing individualized therapy for allergen sufferers. This article provides an overview of databases on allergenic proteins, and ways to identify common proteins that may be the cause of multiple allergy syndromes. The major emphasis is on the relational Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP [http://fermi.utmb.edu/SDAP/]), which includes cross-referenced data on the sequence, structure, and IgE epitopes of over 800 allergenic proteins, coupled with specially developed bioinformatics tools to group all allergens and identify discrete areas that may account for cross-reactivity. SDAP is freely available on the Web to clinicians and patients.
Distributed resource management and matching in sensor networks

We consider a scenario in which there are resources at or near nodes of a network, which are either static (e.g. fire stations, parking spots) or mobile (e.g. police cars). Over time, events (fires, crime reports, cars looking for parking) arise one-by-one at arbitrary nodes, and need to be quickly matched to and serviced by an appropriate nearby resource, without knowledge of future requests, and without the ability to alter any decision once it has been made. We develop distributed algorithms to direct available resources in the network to these events (or vice versa) in a coordinated fashion, so that no two resources are assigned to the same event, and the total distance of the events from their matched resources is minimized. The key idea is to extract, in a preprocessing stage, a well-separated tree metric that approximates the original network metric by a logarithmic distortion, allowing greedy matching algorithms to generate close to optimal matchings, and enabling communication-efficient probing-based algorithms for events to detect nearby available resources. The distributed matching algorithm requires no global coordination and achieves polylogarithmic performance ratio in both online and offline settings. Simulation experiments corroborate the theoretical results on solution quality and further evaluate the communication costs of our scheme in practice.
Aging and stabilization of permalloy films

The aging characteristics of zero magnetostrictive thin-film Permalloy samples with a variety of impurities have been examined in the range from 60 to 90°C. Vacuum evaporated samples from three different sources, some with cobalt, and five different kinds of electrodeposited samples, some containing large amounts of phosphorus or sulfur, have been used. The changes in anisotropy field H k and dispersion α q on aging in a saturating hard axis field were dependent on the method of preparation of the films and their impurity content. However, the aging characteristics became independent of the source of the film and independent of the impurity present after a suitable stabilization anneal. No changes in M s or magnetostriction were observable during aging. The aging behavior of all of these films is qualitatively consistent with the model previously proposed for the effect of sulfur on the aging kinetics.