cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Realizational morphology beyond the lexicon: synthetic and periphrastic verbs in Shona

Abstract In this paper, I argue that the choice of a periphrastic over a synthetic verbal form in Shona is a strategy to avoid the realization of specific combinations of morphosyntactic properties by the same word form. I argue that periphrastic forms with - nga are formally equivalent to synthetic forms in the verbal paradigm of Shona, based on the assumption that inflected words are not formed in the lexicon, but are the realization of properties specified on the terminal nodes of syntactic structures. The competition between synthetic and analytic forms in the inflectional paradigm of Shona is accounted for in a model of grammar that associates a clause with a representation that is functional and nonconfigurational, similar to f-structure in Lexical-Functional Grammar. But instead of letting lexical items project this information onto terminal nodes, I follow Anderson's (1992) proposals closely by incorporating phrasal realizational rules to the model, the function of which is to distribute inflectional features among the constituents of the clause.
Differential Effects of Sphingomyelin Derived from Milk and Egg on Response to a High-fat Diet

Sphingomyelin (SM) has been shown to inhibit lipid absorption and is found in high levels in animal-derived foods such as egg and milk. Egg and milk SM differ in their fatty acid and sphingoid base...
Arabinogalactan-proteins from the suspension culture medium and plasma membrane of rose cells.

Abstract Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) that bind to beta-glycosyl Yariv antigens have been purified from the culture medium and plasma membrane of "Paul's Scarlet" rose cells. Starting from culture medium or from plasma membrane vesicles prepared by aqueous two-phase partitioning, the purification procedure involved Yariv antigen-induced precipitation and subsequent chromatographic steps. Two fractions, AGP-(a) and AGP-(b), were obtained from the culture medium, and one AGP fraction was obtained from the plasma membrane. The glycosyl compositions of all three fractions were dominated by arabinosyl and galactosyl residues and included glucuronosyl and other minor residues. Methylation analysis showed that AGP-(a) and AGP-(b) were both highly branched 3,6-galactans with terminal arabinofuranosyl substituents. The amino acid compositions of all three AGPs were high in alanine, hydroxyproline, and serine and/or threonine. The amino-terminal sequence of AGP-(b) contained an alanine-hydroxyproline repeat. While sharing general structural similarity, the AGPs from the plasma membrane and the culture medium were distinguishable by composition and by size and charge, with the plasma membrane AGPs being larger and more negatively charged than the culture medium AGPs.
Experiments with an innovative tree pruning algorithm

The pruning phase is one of the necessary steps in decision tree induction. Existing pruning algorithms tend to have some or all of the following difficulties: 1) lack of theoretical support; 2) high computational complexity; 3) dependence on validation; 4) complicated implementation. The 2-norm pruning algorithm proposed here addresses all of the above difficulties. This paper demonstrates the experimental results of the comparison among the 2-norm pruning algorithm and two classical pruning algorithms, the Minimal Cost-Complexity algorithm (used in CART) and the Error-based pruning algorithm (used in C4.5), and confirms that the 2-norm pruning algorithm is superior in accuracy and speed.
Nonconventional CD8+ T Cell Responses to Listeria Infection in Mice Lacking MHC Class Ia and H2-M3

CD8(+) T cells restricted to MHC class Ib molecules other than H2-M3 have been shown to recognize bacterial Ags. However, the contribution of these T cells to immune responses against bacterial infection is not well defined. To investigate the immune potential of MHC class Ib-restricted CD8(+) T cells, we have generated mice that lack both MHC class Ia and H2-M3 molecules (K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-)). The CD8(+) T cells present in K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) mice display an activated surface phenotype and are able to secrete IFN-γ rapidly upon anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation. Although the CD8(+) T cell population is reduced in K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) mice compared with that in K(b-/-)D (b-/-) mice, this population retains the capacity to expand significantly in response to primary infection with the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. However, K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) CD8(+) T cells do not expand upon secondary infection, similar to what has been observed for H2-M3-restricted T cells. CD8(+) T cells isolated from Listeria-infected K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) mice exhibit cytotoxicity and secrete proinflammatory cytokines in response to Listeria-infected APCs. These T cells are protective against primary Listeria infection, as Listeria-infected K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) mice exhibit reduced bacterial burden compared with that of infected β(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice that lack MHC class Ib-restricted CD8(+) T cells altogether. In addition, adoptive transfer of Listeria-experienced K(b-/-)D (b-/-)M3(-/-) splenocytes protects recipient mice against subsequent Listeria infection in a CD8(+) T cell-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that other MHC class Ib-restricted CD8(+) T cells, in addition to H2-M3-restricted T cells, contribute to antilisterial immunity and may contribute to immune responses against other intracellular bacteria.
A love that burns: Eroticism, torment and identity at the Palazzo Te

This essay re-examines Giulio Romano's Palazzo Te (1525–36) in light of Renaissance attitudes towards eroticism and love. Contrary to a body of scholarship that interprets the building as a hedonistic pleasure palace intended to serve as a meeting place for Federico II Gonzaga and his mistress, I argue that Federico used the Palazzo Te to construct a masculine identity based on Petrarchan notions of love. Erotic and poetic images at the palace were intended to provoke discourse and facilitate masculine homosocial bonding, while the many allusions to Federico's burning desire for his mistress cast the Mantuan ruler as a man ennobled by his tormented love. I argue that Federico purposefully constructed an identity around concepts of tortured subjectivity and ardent love that were circulating in Mantua and abroad. Far from a private retreat, the Palazzo Te was employed by Federico to shape a public princely identity in which his love for his mistress was one means by which he projected his amatory self.
Immunological reactions following intracerebroventricular transplantation of adrenal medulla

Immunological reactions after intracerebroventricular syn-, allo- and xenogenic transplantation of adrenal medulla were investigated histologically. In xenografts only, T cell infiltration and graft rejection were observed. Syngrafts and allografts were not rejected and were not infiltrated by T cells, although expression of MHC class II antigen was observed at all survival times. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunoreactivity was strongly expressed in adrenal cortex syngrafts, which could play a role in the rejection of grafts containing mixed cell populations. The survival of chromaffin cells in allografts was decreased as compared to syngrafts, and there were fewer allograft animals with large numbers of surviving chromaffin cells. There was some increased cellularity (microglia and macrophages) in allografts even though no T cell infiltration was found. Therefore, it appears that this limited survival of intracerebral adrenal medulla allografts is not due to T cell-mediated graft rejection.
The Second Great Emancipation: The Mechanical Cotton Picker, Black Migration, and How They Shaped the Modern South . By Donald Holley. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000. Pp. xvi, 284. $36.00.

Episodes of labor-saving technological change and ruralâ€“urban migration have become universal patterns of economic development the world over. Donald Holley, in The Second Great Emancipation, sets out to tell the story of the last great episode of such change in the United States, when the cotton harvest was mechanized following World War II. The last major crop to make the transition from hand production, cotton was extraordinarily labor-intensive, especially the harvest. In 1945 millions of workers hand picked almost every boll of American cotton, but by 1970 farmers gathered their crop with John Deere and International Harvester mechanical cotton pickers. Folks, mainly blacks, who had for generations performed one of the most backbreaking forms of stoop labor, moved to northern and western cities. As Holley tells it, the First Great Emancipation occurred when President Lincoln freed the slaves and the Second Great Emancipation when the mechanical cotton harvester freed laborers from the drudgery of the cotton harvest, poverty, and Jim Crow discrimination, and southern producers from inefficient production methods and farm sizes. It is a really big and important story of profound technological and demographic changes with spillover effects into civil rights, racial economic equality, and politics. These events, for example, transformed race from a southern regional to a national issue.
Fuzzy logic based on-line MRAC tuning of slip gain for an indirect vector-controlled induction motor drive

Slip gain tuning of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive has been a subject of intense research interest in recent years. The paper proposes the fuzzy logic based online tuning of slip gain using the standard model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique. MRAC methods based on reactive power and D-axis voltage are combined together with a weighting factor that is generated by a fuzzy controller. The weighting factor ensures the dominant use of the reactive power method in the low speed-high torque region whereas the D-axis voltage method is dominant in the high speed-low torque region. A second fuzzy controller tunes the slip gain based on the combined detuning error and its slope so as to ensure fast convergence at any operating point on the torque-speed plane. A complete vector controlled induction motor drive with the proposed tuning controller is been simulated and the performance of the drive is extensively investigated. The control software is implemented in assembly language in a TMS320C25 digital signal processor which is interfaced with an experimental laboratory drive system. The test results correlate with theoretical and simulation performances, and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed tuning system. >
Predicting asthma control and exacerbations: chronic asthma as a complex dynamic model.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Predicting asthma episodes is notoriously difficult but has potentially significant consequences for the individual, as well as for healthcare services. The purpose of this review is to describe recent insights into the prediction of acute asthma episodes in relation to classical clinical, functional or inflammatory variables, as well as present a new concept for evaluating asthma as a dynamically regulated homeokinetic system. RECENT FINDINGS: Risk prediction for asthma episodes or relapse has been attempted using clinical scoring systems, considerations of environmental factors and lung function, as well as inflammatory and immunological markers in induced sputum or exhaled air, and these are summarized here. We have recently proposed that newer mathematical methods derived from statistical physics may be used to understand the complexity of asthma as a homeokinetic, dynamic system consisting of a network comprising multiple components, and also to assess the risk for future asthma episodes based on fluctuation analysis of long time series of lung function. SUMMARY: Apart from the classical analysis of risk factor and functional parameters, this new approach may be used to assess asthma control and treatment effects in the individual as well as in future research trials.
Phase II study of second-line gemcitabine in sensitive or refractory small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Despite a dramatic initial response, however, most patients relapse. Given the activity of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and early clinical trials suggesting activity of gemcitabine in chemo-naive SCLC patients, we conducted a phase II study to determine the efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine in SCLC patients who have failed first-line chemotherapy. Gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 was given intravenously on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks. Eligibility criteria included prior treatment with only one chemotherapy regimen and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–2. Patients with brain metastases were eligible. Results: Between April 1998 and October 2001, 27 patients were enrolled: 15 patients with sensitive (S) disease (recurred>3 months after first-line chemotherapy) and 12 patients with refractory (R) disease (failed<3 months after first-line chemotherapy). Median age was 61 (range 45–74). All patients had received prior platinum-based therapy involving etoposide and either cisplatin or carboplatin. There were one early death and two early withdrawals because of toxicity. No responses were observed. Of 24 patients who received at least two cycles of gemcitabine, only three achieved stable disease after six cycles while 21 progressed. The median time to progression (TTP) was 6 weeks in S group, 5.6 weeks in R group, and 6 weeks overall. After a minimum potential follow-up of almost 1 year for all patients, the median survival was 8.8 months in S group, 4.2 months in R group, and 6.4 months for the whole group. One-year survival rate was 33.3% in S group, 16.7% in R group, and 25.4% for all patients. Myelosuppression was the most commonly observed adverse effect, with grade 3/4 neutropenia in 30%, and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 30%. One patient (3.7%) developed neutropenic fever. Respiratory failure and death, possibly related to pulmonary toxicity, was observed in one patient (3.7%). Conclusion: monotherapy gemcitabine as second-line agent has limited activity in previously treated SCLC.
Picture identification verification and authentication using biometric features and watermarks

Picture ID authentication is very important for any identification verifications and extremely critical for homeland security. Here we propose a unique picture ID authentication apparatus which combines invisible watermark embedding and detection technology with facial recognition techniques. To demonstrate this apparatus, we implemented a system that is capable of fast and secure verification on the integrity and authenticity of ID documents with face images for Boeing. The proposed invisible watermarks tolerate most-common attacks such as recompression. We believe with only minor improvement this picture ID authentication system can be deployed in real environment at airports and country borders.
Engineered three-dimensional liver mimics recapitulate critical rat-specific bile acid pathways.

A critical hepatic function is the maintenance of optimal bile acid (BA) compositions to achieve cholesterol homeostasis. BAs are rarely quantified to assess hepatic phenotype in vitro since existing analytical techniques have inadequate resolution. We report a detailed investigation into the biosynthesis and homeostasis of eight primary rat BAs in conventional in vitro hepatocyte cultures and in an engineered liver mimic. The three-dimensional (3D) liver mimic was assembled with layers of primary rat hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. A high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technique was developed with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL for each BA, which is significantly lower than previous approaches. Over a 2-week culture, only 3D liver mimics exhibited the ratio of conjugated cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid that has been observed in vivo. This ratio, an important marker of BA homeostasis, was significantly higher in stable collagen sandwich cultures indicating sign...
Using formative evaluation for the selection of instructional materials

Instructional materials selection practices vary widely in the way they are administered and conducted, the criteria that are used, and the precision with which they are carried out. In this paper a two-phase instructional materials selection process is presented. The process is based on considerations from the design and formative evaluation of competency-based instruction. The purpose of the first phase is to select materials that have the best potential for affecting learning outcomes desired by a local or state educational agency. The purpose of the second phase is to verify decisions made in Phase I, and make recommendations to teachers about how the materials can be used most effectively. The paper also includes a comparison between the guidelines for materials selection published by the State of Florida and the considerations recommended in this paper.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations: do they play a role in the aetiology of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

Summary Background Previous work suggests that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations may be implicated in the aetiology of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis (ABPA). Objective To compare the frequency of CF gene mutations in asthmatics with ABPA of varying severity with asthmatics who were skin prick test (SPT)-positive to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) without evidence of ABPA and asthmatics SPT-negative to Af. Methods Thirty-one Caucasian patients with ABPA were identified, together with asthmatics SPT positive to Af without evidence of ABPA (n = 23) and SPT negative to Af (n = 28). Genomic DNA was tested for 16 CF mutations accounting for approximately 85% of CF alleles in Caucasian New Zealanders. Results Four (12.9%) ABPA patients were found to be carriers of a CF mutation (ΔF508 n = 3, R117H n = 1), one (4.3%) asthmatic SPT positive to Af without ABPA (ΔF508), and one (3.6%) asthmatic SPT negative to Af (R117H). All patients with a CF mutation had normal sweat chloride (< 40 mM). There was no significant difference between the frequency of CF mutations in the ABPA patients and asthmatics without ABPA. However, the frequency of CF mutations in the ABPA patients was significantly different (P = 0.0125) to the expected carrier rate in the general population. Conclusion These results lend further support to a possible link between CF mutations and ABPA.
Depressive symptoms predict medical care utilization in a population-based sample.

Background. Several examinations have detected a relation between depressive symptoms and medical utilization. However, selection biases have been involved in most previous examinations. We sought to test the association between depressive symptoms and prospective, increased medical care utilization, in a population-based Canadian sample, while controlling for utilization due to medical illness and controlling for selection bias.Methods. Data from the Nova Scotia Health Survey 1995, an age- and sex-stratified random sampling of 3227 Nova Scotian adults, included the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and items assessing chronic medical conditions and current limitations in daily activities resulting from medical illness. We linked survey data with medical care utilization measures for the year following the survey, including out-patient visits, reimbursement for out-patient services, hospitalizations, and hospitalization days.Results. After controlling for age, sex, count of medical diagnoses and current medical severity, those with a greater level of depressive symptoms were at greater risk of having increased medical care utilization in the following year. These results remained after removing mental health care utilization costs.Conclusions. In a population-based sample, depressive symptoms predicted greater medical care utilization, independent of a number of medical severity measures. Whether depressive symptoms are a risk marker or a causal risk factor for increased medical utilization remains to be explored.
Simultaneous priming with DNA encoding Sm-p80 and boosting with Sm-p80 protein confers protection against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice

Prophylactic efficacy of Sm-p80 was tested in the mouse model using DNA priming and boosting with protein approach. However, the novelty of the approach utilized in this study is that both the DNA priming and protein boosting was performed on a single day and no further vaccine inoculations were given to mice; the animals were challenged 1 month after the initial vaccine administration. Using this approach, significant reduction in worm burden (33 to 57 %) and marked decrease in egg retention in tissues (34 to 66%) was observed. Robust antibody titers and upregulation of cytokines (IL-1α/β, IL-12α, and IFN-γ) appears to correlate with the protection. This approach of administering vaccine on a single day could be greatly helpful in the field setting because it will eliminate the compliance issues that may arise with multiple boosters that may be required for optimal efficacy for some vaccines.
Physical and thermal characteristics of dairy cattle manure.

Greenhouse and regulated gas emissions from animal waste are naturally mediated by moisture content and temperature. As with soils, emissions from manure could be readily estimated given the physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties are described by models and microbes and nutrients are not limiting factors. The objectives of this study were to measure and model physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of dairy manure to support advanced modeling of gas and water fluxes in addition to solute, colloid, and heat transport. A series of soil science measurement techniques were applied to determine a set of fundamental properties of as-excreted dairy cattle manure. Relationships between manure dielectric permittivity and volumetric water content (θᵥ) were obtained using time-domain reflectometry and capacitance-based dielectric measurements. The measured water retention characteristic for cattle manure was similar to organic peat soil. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function of dairy manure was inferred from inverse numerical fitting of laboratory manure evaporation results. The thermal properties of dairy manure, including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and bulk volumetric heat capacity, were also determined using three penta-needle heat pulse probes. The accuracy of the heat capacity measurements was determined from a comparison of theoretical θᵥ, estimated from the measured thermal properties with that determined by the capacitance-based dielectric measurement. These data represent a novel and unique contribution for advancing prediction and modeling capabilities of gas emissions from cattle manure, although the uncertainties associated with the complexities of shrinkage, surface crust formation, and cracking must also be considered.
Infrared Studies of Calcia‐Alumina Fibers

IR depth profiling of propane-stabilized calcia-alumina fibers showed that carbon deposited on the fibers during melt-spinning induced tetrahedral coordination of aluminum atoms near the fiber surface. It is proposed that this effect increases melt surface viscosity and stabilizes calcia-alumina fibers. Ethers, esters, and carboxylates were also seen on the fiber surfaces and it is proposed that carbon monoxide reacts with carbon in the fiber to make these species.
The Future of Human-Computer Interaction: Is an HCI revolution just around the corner?

Personal computing launched with the IBM PC. But popular computing—computing for the masses—launched with the modern WIMP (windows, icons, mouse, pointer) interface, which made computers usable by ordinary people. As popular computing has grown, the role of HCI (human-computer interaction) has increased. Most software today is interactive, and code related to the interface is more than half of all code. HCI also has a key role in application design. In a consumer market, a product’s success depends on each user’s experience with it. Unfortunately, great engineering on the back end will be undone by a poor interface, and a good UI can carry a product in spite of weaknesses inside.
Mycobacterium xenopi infection after heart transplantation: An unreported pathogen

Mycobacterial infections are a well-known, potentially serious, albeit infrequent complication of solid-organ transplantation. Nontuberculous mycobacteria generally account for less than 50% of all such isolates in this patient population. Mycobacterium xenopi, an environmentally ubiquitous organism and common contaminant of hospital hot water systems, is a particularly uncommon isolate after transplantation and has never been reported in heart allograft recipients. We report the occurrence of cavitary M. xenopi infection in an immunocompromised heart transplant recipient in which all the diagnostic criteria of the American Thoracic Society were met. To our knowledge, this is the first such case in a heart transplant recipient described in the literature. Despite therapy, to which the isolates were sensitive in vitro, the patient developed extensive lung cavitation and nodules and succumbed 5 months later to allograft rejection, chronic allograft vasculopathy, and pneumonia.
Theoretical description of the ejected-electron spectrum in collisions of 1.5-MeV/u F9+ with helium.

We present the results of an extensive classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) simulation of the ejected electron spectrum in collisions of 1.5-MeV/u F[sup 9+] with helium. Excellent agreement is found with the measurements of Lee [ital et] [ital al]. [Phys. Rev. A 41, 4816 (1990)] for ejection to 0[degree]. In particular, the simulation reproduces extremely well the shape and magnitude of the electron-capture-to-the-continuum and binary peaks. We contrast this agreement with calculations utilizing various quantum-mechanical perturbation theories. Also, a continuum-distorted-wave--eikonal-initial-state approach, which describes the interaction between the outgoing electron and the residual target ion through a model potential, has been utilized. This approach is shown to be an improvement over conventional calculations based on the use of effective charges. We draw conclusions regarding the proper representation of the collision dynamics leading to electron ejection in the low-energy, electron-capture-to-the-continuum, and binary peak regimes. Calculations of the doubly differential ionization cross section for non-0[degree] ejection are displayed as well.
Developing Strategies for Maintaining Tank Car Integrity During Train Accidents

Accidents that lead to rupture of tank cars carrying hazardous materials can cause serious public safety hazards and substantial economic losses. The desirability of improved tank car designs that are better equipped to keep the commodity contained during impacts is clear. This paper describes a framework for developing strategies to maintain the structural integrity of tank cars during accidents. The target of this effort is to design a tank car capable of surviving impacts without loss of lading at twice the impact speed of current equipment (or, equivalently, is capable of absorbing four times the impact energy). The methodology developed breaks down the process into three steps: 1. Define the impact scenarios of concern. 2. Choose strategies to mitigate failure modes present in each scenario. 3. Design and select technology and tactics to implement the mitigation strategies. The railroad accidents involving tank cars that occurred in Minot, ND, in 2002, and Graniteville, SC, in 2005, are examined to define the impact scenarios. Analysis of these accidents shows that two car-to-car impact scenarios are of greatest concern: head impact, where railroad equipment impacts the end of a tank car and possibly overrides it, and shell impact, where the tank car is impacted on its side, possibly off center. A conceptual design that can protect its lading at twice the impact speed of current equipment in the car-to-car impact scenarios is being developed. The conceptual design includes four functions to meet the impact requirements: blunts the impact loads, absorbs collision energy, strengthens the tank, and controls the load path to assure that loads are blunted and that energy is absorbed before the tank is loaded. Preliminary studies of available weight and space, strategies for increasing energy absorption, and strategies for strengthening the head and shell are ongoing; this paper describes the current results of these studies. Additional studies are also ongoing. The steps required to complete this effort are also described.
Documenting changes in communication behaviours using a Structured Observation System

The Structured Observation System (SOS) is a data collection method developed to document changes in the communication behaviours of children identified with speech and language delays. The system employs a rating scale which reflects the occurrence of communication behaviours as well as the amount of assistance needed for behaviours to occur. Pre- and post-treatment rating scores may be compared to measure changes in communication behaviours. The Structured Observation System is an effective, efficient and practical method to record clinical data. It was designed to be used frequently during a treatment programme and it may be adapted by others for the same purpose.
Abnormal amino acid and lipid composition of aortic valve in relapsing polychondritis.

Abstract A 30 year old man had the clinical findings of relapsing polychondritis including pain in the lower back, saddle nose deformity, nerve deafness, joint swelling and, finally, intractable heart failure due to mitral and aortic regurgitation. Both valves were replaced by prostheses, and the patient returned to his job 6 months later. Results of histologic examination of the ascending aorta and valves were compatible with relapsing polychondritis and showed destruction of collagen, elastic tissue and cystic changes indistinguishable from cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. Amino acid and lipid composition of the aortic valve showed striking abnormalities compared to findings in valves of 4 normal human hearts.
Removing Barriers: Women in Academic Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

(2008). Removing Barriers: Women in Academic Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 244-246.
To Know Your Own Strength: Overriding Natural Force Attenuation

The human sensorimotor system is thought to attenuate the perception of self-generated forces, which causes people to generate a larger force so the perception of their exerted force matches their intention . The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of force attenuation, to determine if the natural tendency to underestimate self-generated forces can be retrained, and to ascertain if humans can learn to more accurately recreate forces. To test this hypothesis, forces were applied to one hand and each participant was asked to recreate those forces on his/her other hand. The back and forth force exchange generated the expected force escalation in individuals. Participants were then given feedback about the accuracy of their recreated forces during a training phase. Before training, no participants had their average force in the correct range, but 86 percent of participants had their average force in the correct range when tested the following day. The participants also increased the consistency of their force recreation after training.
A note on economic process levels under acceptance sampling by variables

Abstract In this note we derive an exact and approximate optimal solution to the problem of selecting a process level where the quality characteristic has known variability and inspection is done by variables as opposed to percent defective. The problem and the solution is shown to be related to work recently presented in this journal.
Reversal of intrinsic DNA bends in the IFNβ gene enhancer by transcription factors and the architectural protein HMG I(Y)

In this paper, we investigate DNA bending induced by proteins required for virus induction of the human interferon-beta (IFN beta) gene. We show that NF-kappa B-DNA complexes that are functionally distinct in the context of the IFN beta enhancer are also conformationally distinct and that two sites in the enhancer contain in-phase bends that are counteracted or reversed by the binding of NF-kappa B, ATF-2/c-Jun, and HMG I(Y). Strikingly, this modulation of intrinsic enhancer architecture results in an orientation that favors predicted protein-protein interactions in a functional nucleoprotein complex, the enhanceosome. Furthermore, the subtle modulation of DNA structure by HMG I(Y) in this process distinguishes it from other architectural factors.
The vocalizations of the Christmas Island Warbler Acrocephalus aequinoctialis, an island endemic

We describe the vocalizations of the Christmas Island Warbler Acrocephalus aequinoctialis, endemic to Christmas and Washington Islands, central Pacific Ocean, in the absence of other land birds and natural predators. Its vocal signals are simple when compared to most Acrocephalus. We explain this simplicity as the result of a lack of interspecific interactions, a monogamous life style, large permanent territories, open dry habitat and limited interaction among neighbouring individuals.
Reaction kinetics in oxygen bleaching

The oxygen bleaching of wood pulp takes place in a heterogeneous system involving oxygen (gas), water (liquid), and fiber (solid). Inconsistent effects of process variables (reaction temperature, alkali concentration, and oxygen pressure) on the overall oxygen delignification rate of wood pulp in various reacting systems have been reported in the literature. An apparent intrinsic reaction rate model, excluding the interphase mass transfer effects, has been developed based on oxygen bleaching experiments in an agitated and ultralow-consistency (solids content) reactor. The apparent intrinsic reaction rate model shows a faster delignification rate than those reported in the literature. The degree of inadequate delignification observed in the literature data is likely to be caused by insufficient mass transfer of bleaching chemicals to fibers.
E. coli ClpA Catalyzed Polypeptide Translocation Is Allosterically Controlled by the Protease ClpP

There are five known ATP-dependent proteases in Escherichia coli (Lon, ClpAP, ClpXP, HslUV, and the membrane-associated FtsH) that catalyze the removal of both misfolded and properly folded proteins in cellular protein quality control pathways. Hexameric ClpA rings associate with one or both faces of the cylindrically shaped tetradecameric ClpP protease. ClpA catalyzes unfolding and translocation of polypeptide substrates into the proteolytic core of ClpP for degradation through repeated cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis at two nucleotide binding domains on each ClpA monomer. We previously reported a molecular mechanism for ClpA catalyzed polypeptide translocation in the absence of ClpP, including elementary rate constants, overall rate, and the kinetic step size. However, the potential allosteric effect of ClpP on the mechanism of ClpA catalyzed translocation remains unclear. Using single-turnover fluorescence stopped-flow methods, here we report that ClpA, when associated with ClpP, translocates polypeptide with an overall rate of ~35 aa s(-1) and, on average, traverses ~5 aa between two rate-limiting steps with reduced cooperativity between ATP binding sites in the hexameric ring. This is in direct contrast to our previously reported observation that, in the absence of ClpP, ClpA translocates polypeptide substrates with a maximum translocation rate of ~20 aa s(-1) with cooperativity between ATPase sites. Our results demonstrate that ClpP allosterically impacts the polypeptide translocation activity of ClpA by reducing the cooperativity between ATP binding sites.
A three-way array model for resolving multicomponent fluorescent mixtures

Fluorescence lifetime provides a third independent dimension of information for the resolution of total luminescence spectra of multicomponent mixtures. The incorporation of this parameter into the Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM) by the phase-modulation technique results in a three-dimensional Excitation-Emission-Frequency Array (EEFA). Multicomponent analysis based on the three-dimensional EEFA brings a qualitative change for the resolved spectra, i.e., individual spectra can be uniquely resolved, which is impossible with any two-dimensional analysis. In this paper, we present a method for analyzing the EEFA. We show mathematically that with the three-dimensional analysis of the EEFA individual spectra and lifetimes can be obtained. Our algorithm is developed in mathematical detail and demonstrated by its application to a two-component mixture.
Single-cell quantification of functional outcomes of CD16 ligation in NK cells by Fc-engineered antibodies

Meeting abstracts Humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting tumor antigens have paved the way to complementary strategies in the treatment of cancer by harnessing the immune system towards a more specific response against tumors. Such mAb can mobilize natural killer (NK) cells function by
Verifying the Role of Surgical Pathologists in the Precision Medicine of Lung Cancer

The First Line Erbitux in Lung Cancer Phase III clinical trial recently reported that a portion of advanced non– small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients benefit from the addition of the anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab (Erbitux, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, New York, and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana) to their conventional platinum-based therapy. Patients whose NSCLC expressed high levels of EGFR based on an immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring system had improved survival when cetuximab was added to their therapy, in contrast to those with tumors with low levels of EGFR expression. 1–3 This observation signifies an important new opportunity for pathologists to participate in predictive biomarker testing using the conventional light microscope, the familiar technique of IHC, and their traditional skills as pathologists. In this issue of the ARCHIVES,
Effects of Eastern European and Western technologies on LDCs: a macroeconometric analysis

Questions involving technology transfer to less developed countries (LDCs) command an increasing interest in the world today. In this paper, two macroeconometric models are developed to compare the impacts of Eastern European medium-advanced and Western most-advanced technologies on the economic growth of LDCs. The models are then used to analyse data from the Egyptian industrial sector for the period 1952–1980.
An exploration of leadership in a medical mutual help organization.

Studied 45 current leaders of local chapters of a medical mutual help organization. Cluster analysis of variables depicting routes to leadership produced six clusters: Health Professionals with a Mission, Connected Health Professionals, Career Leaders, Grass-roots Founders, Connected Grass-roots Leaders, and Obligated Veterans. These clusters differed on criterion measures of burnout, hardiness, and perceived obligation to continue as a leader, e.g., Connected Health Professionals and Career Leaders were less burned out, more hardy, and perceived less of an obligation to continue in the leadership role than Health Professionals with a Mission. In terms of leadership activities, Help Provision and Advocacy constituted less than one fifth of all activities but were rated as most rewarding. In contrast, the activities that made up the bulk of leaders' work--building membership, system maintenance, and organizational growth--were not rated as particularly rewarding. Results are discussed in the context of research directions and practice.
Analysis of crack-induced-craze in polymers

In this paper, the viscoelastic boundary element method is used to estimate the opening displacement and the envelope stress on the surface of an isolated crack-induced-craze system. To predict the propagation history of both the crack and the craze in a polymer sheet, the material properties of the glassy polymers are represented by a generalized linear viscoelastic model. Results are compared with the theoretical micromechanics predictions. Good agreements are obtained.
Democratization and environmental policy–making in Korea

Democratization in Korea since 1987 has led to the gradual establishment of a diverse set of institutional arrangements—competitive electoral systems, local autonomy, freedom of the press, and freedom of association—that facilitate the articulation of diffuse environmental interests in policy–making processes. Yet, as illustrated by the cases of the Youngwol Dam project and the Wichon Industrial Complex, the policy–making system is still unsettled by numerous environmental protests and by difficulties in resolving distributional conflicts among different groups and communities. To resolve these difficulties, Korea needs to overcome some adverse legacies from its authoritarian era and to develop multiple channels and mechanisms for citizen participation in policy–making and for conflict resolution among different groups and communities. The experience of Korea illustrates the complex dynamics between democratization and environmental policy–making.
Partial characterization of cobalamin deficiency in Chinese Shar Peis.

Abstract A total of 22,462 serum sample results from dogs being evaluated for gastrointestinal disease at the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University were evaluated retrospectively. The proportion of dogs with serum cobalamin concentrations below the reference interval and median serum concentrations were compared between Shar Peis and other dog breeds. Serum samples were also obtained prospectively from 22 healthy and 32 Shar Peis with chronic gastrointestinal disease and 59 healthy dogs of other breeds, and serum concentrations of cobalamin, folate, and methylmalonic acid were determined and compared. Overall, 64.0% (89/139) of serum samples from Shar Peis showed serum cobalamin concentrations below the limit of the reference interval and 38.1% (53/139) of these were below the detectable limit for the assay. The median serum cobalamin concentration in Shar Peis was significantly lower than in other breeds. Shar Peis with gastrointestinal disease had significantly lower serum cobalamin and higher serum methylmalonic acid concentrations compared to healthy Shar Peis. Healthy Shar Peis had significantly increased serum methylmalonic acid concentrations compared to healthy dogs of other breeds. There were no meaningful differences in folate concentrations between groups. In conclusion, Shar Peis have a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency compared to other breeds and healthy Shar Peis may have subclinical cobalamin deficiency.
Deuterium toward Quasar Q0014+813

We present new Keck telescope spectra of the first QSO claimed to show deuterium absorption: Q0014+813. Improved signal on the Lyman series absorption lines gives more accurate information on the hydrogen absorption and more accurate predictions for the position, width, and shape of the associated deuterium absorption. There are three reasons why the absorption line near the expected position of D in the absorption system at zabs = 3.32 is not primarily D: (1) it is 17 ± 1 km s-1 from the expected position, (2) it is too wide, and (3) it does not have the expected profile, which is given by the H I lines. This absorption can be explained by a single H Lyα line at a different redshift. Any absorption from D would be completely blended with this additional H absorption. We find 0 < D/H < 35 × 10-5 for this absorber which once offered the best evidence for a high primordial value of D/H. In a second absorption system at zabs = 2.80 we again find that H alone can explain the spectrum, without any D. Deuterium has been seen and measured in only two QSOs (Q1937-1009 and Q1009+2956) and both give a low value of D/H = 3.4 × 10-5. Several other QSOs give upper limits which are less sensitive.
THE ESTIMATION OF SUBSTITUTED THIOOXAZOLIDONES IN RAPESEED MEALS

A quantitative method is described for the separate determination of thiooxazolidone and isothiocyanate in a single sample of rapeseed. The procedure involves first the estimation of the isothiocyanate, which is removed from the macerated meal by steam distillation. Then the filtered residue is shaken with diethyl ether and the quantity of thiooxazolidone in the extract is determined spectrophotometrically at 248 mμ. Recoveries of thiooxazolidone added to rapeseed meal are quantitative and precautions required to give reproducible results are outlined. The thiooxazolidone content of rapeseed meal and also the isothiocyanate/thiooxazolidone ratio vary considerably from sample to sample.
Genetic and environmental variation of seed iron and food matrix factors of North-Dakota-grown field peas (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract Iron (Fe) biofortification of staple food crops is carried out through genetic selection and breeding. This study determined the genetic and environmental variation of total seed Fe concentration and food matrix factors (carotenoids, kestose, phytic acid, and phenolics) of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in North Dakota, USA, and the genetic variation of seed Fe levels of commercial field pea cultivars grown under greenhouse conditions with different Fe fertilizer treatments. Total Fe and food matrix factors were measured using previously published methods, and data were presented as dry weight basis. The seed Fe concentration ranged between 45 and 53 mg/kg with a mean concentration of 49 mg/kg. Field peas contained significant concentrations of Fe promoters: xanthophyll (17 mg/100 g), canthaxanthin (68 mg/100 g), beta-carotene (680 μg/100 g), kestose (1433 mg/100 g), quercetin (51.7 mg/100 g), and ferulic acid (56.1 mg/100 g). The phytic acid concentration of field peas was naturally low (2.7–3.2 mg/g) and the phytic acid:Fe molar ratio ranged between 5.0 and 5.6. CDC Golden and DS Admiral would be suitable genotypes for future Fe biofortification studies. Overall, field pea is a good source of dietary Fe and future studies will address actual Fe bioavailability using animal/human models.
The use of cholera toxin for obtaining rabbit secretory immunoglobulins

Abstract The work described here involved the use of cholera toxin to stimulate segments of the rabbit small intestine in vivo to obtain fluids for immunological study. These fluids were found to contain considerable 11 S IgA and by utilizing the entire small intestine it should be possible to obtain about 300 mg of this protein from a single rabbit.
Rotordynamics of Impeller Eye Seals with Wear-Damaged Teeth in Centrifugal Compressors

Abstract This paper investigates the influence of labyrinth seal teeth wear damage on the performance and the rotordynamic characteristics of impeller eye seals in centrifugal compressors. A well-established CFD-perturbation model was employed to predict the seal rotordynamic coefficients. The inclusion of at least an approximate shroud leakage path chamber is preferred for an accurate prediction of seal-inlet swirl velocity and flow-induced rotordynamic forces. It was found that impeller eye seals with teeth damage: (a) suffer significant leakage increases due to the increased seal clearance and (b) produce higher seal-inlet swirl velocity and thus larger rotordynamic forces that tend to cause the system to become unstable. It was also found that variations of the distorted teeth tip geometries have an insignificant influence on both leakage and rotordynamic coefficients for a given seal radial clearance. The impeller shroud leakage path influence on seal-inlet swirl velocity W0 and the effect of W0 were...