cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency shift observer for an SNS superconducting RF cavity

In contrast to a normal conducting RF cavity, a superconducting RF cavity is very susceptible to shifts in its resonance frequency. The main sources of the shift are Lorentz force detuning and microphonics. In a spallation neutron source, to compensate for the frequency shift, a feedforward control is to be applied. In this paper, as an initiative step, a frequency shift observer is proposed which is simple enough to be implemented with a digital signal processor in real time. Simulation results of the proposed frequency shift observer show reliable performance and acceptable computation time for the real time implementation.
On the Coupling of Wind Stress and Sea Surface Temperature

A simple quasi-equilibrium analytical model is used to explore hypotheses related to observed spatial correlations between sea surface temperatures and wind stress on horizontal scales of 50–500 km. It is argued that a plausible contributor to the observed correlations is the approximate linear relationship between the surface wind stress and stress boundary layer depth under conditions in which the stress boundary layer has come into approximate equilibrium with steady free-atmospheric forcing. Warmer sea surface temperature is associated with deeper boundary layers and stronger wind stress, while colder temperature is associated with shallower boundary layers and weaker wind stress. Two interpretations of a previous hypothesis involving the downward mixing of horizontal momentum are discussed, and it is argued that neither is appropriate for the warm-to-cold transition or quasi-equilibrium conditions, while one may be appropriate for the cold-to-warm transition. Solutions of a turbulent large-eddy simulation numerical model illustrate some of the processes represented in the analytical model. A dimensionless ratio A is introduced to measure the relative influence of lateral momentum advection and local surface stress on the boundary layer wind profile. It is argued that when A 1, and under conditions in which the thermodynamically induced lateral pressure gradients are small, the boundary layer depth effect will dominate lateral advection and control the surface stress.
Using clustering to discover the preferences of computer criminals

The ability to predict computer crimes has become increasingly important. The paper describes a method for discovering the preferences of computer criminals. This method involves sequential clustering based on the variance of clusters discovered in higher order clustering. These discovered preferences can be used for the direct protection of computer systems against ongoing attacks or for the construction of simulations of future attacks.
Designing reconfigurable multiple scan chains for systems-on-chip

We propose a framework for designing reconfigurable multiple scan chains for systems-on-chip to minimize test application time. Multiple scan chain design problem defined in this paper involves (1) designing a suitable reconfigurable scan chain architecture, (2) partitioning wrapper cells and core internal scan registers into multiple scan chains, (3) ordering the wrapper cells and the internal scan registers within each scan chain, and (4) identifying sessions in which to activate bypass control signals. We demonstrate significant reductions in test application times and hardware costs over prior heuristics.
Relative test elements for tight closure

Test ideals play a crucial role in the theory of tight closure developed by Melvin Hochster and Craig Huneke. Recently, Karen Smith showed that test ideals are closely related to certain multiplier ideals that arise in vanishing theorems in algebraic geometry. In this paper we develop a generalization of the notion of test ideals: for complete local rings R and S, where S is a module-6nite extension of R, we de6ne a module of relative test elements T (S; R) which is a submodule of HomR(S; R). c 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: 13A35; 13H10
Optimizing the Rehabilitation Efforts of Aging Transportation Networks

AbstractMajor roads and bridges in the United States are aging and deteriorating, which is causing significant human and economic losses. The required investments to rehabilitate these transportation networks exceed available funds and budgets. The rehabilitation efforts of these aging networks, therefore, need to be optimized to maximize their net benefits and reduce the effect of construction works on the traveling public. This paper presents the development of an innovative model aimed at aiding decision makers in planning and optimizing highway rehabilitation programs. This model provides new and unique capabilities, which include: allocating limited financial resources to competing highway rehabilitation projects, measuring the effect of rehabilitation efforts on network performance and road user savings, analyzing the expected benefits and costs of rehabilitation programs, and generating optimal tradeoffs between maximizing rehabilitation benefits and minimizing network service disruption using a ge...
The Palos Verdes Fault offshore Southern California: Late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution, and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys

The Palos Verdes Fault (PVF) is one of few active faults in Southern California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near-seafloor fault morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600 m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship-based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well-defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along-strike bends. Right-stepping transtensional bends exert first-order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull-apart basin record punctuated growth faulting associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right-laterally offset across the PVF by 55 ± 5, 52 ± 4 , and 39 ± 8 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31 ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17–24 ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3–2.8 mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6–1.9 mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike-slip faulting and accounts for 20–30% of the total right-lateral slip budget accommodated offshore Southern California.
On the mechanical response of carbon nanotube array laminated composite materials

The mechanical response of a nanoreinforced laminated composite (NRLC) with interspersed carbon nanotube arrays between the laminae under interlaminar shear, in-plane tensile, and out-of-plane compressive quasi-static loading was determined in an experimental study. It is revealed that the interlaminar shear and tensile properties of the NRLC are strongly dependent on the height of the carbon nanotube array. The highest mechanical properties are obtained for the NRLC with the shortest arrays. The interlaminar shear and in-plane tensile elastic properties of the NRLC increase up to 87% and decrease 16% with respect to those of the laminated composites without the arrays, respectively. The deformation mechanisms of the carbon nanotube array layer were also studied through simultaneous out-of-plane compression loading and optical or electron microscopy imaging. It is shown that the array layer toughens the laminated composite and that the carbon nanotubes bridge the cracks in the interlaminar interfaces.
Misoprostol for intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial

Objective To examine the effects of preprocedure misoprostol on intrauterine device (IUD) placement in nulliparous women. Study Design In this randomized controlled double-blind trial at the University of New Mexico reproductive health clinic, nulliparous women requesting an IUD were randomized to 400 mcg of buccal misoprostol or placebo 2-8 hours before insertion. Primary outcomes included pain on a 10-cm visual analog scale and women's perception of the value of delaying insertion for an effective medication. Provider ease of insertion and need for adjunctive insertion measures were also assessed, on a visual analog scale. Participants indicated maximum pain after IUD insertion, pain level they would tolerate to avoid delay in IUD insertion, and preference for IUD insertion without delay if an effective medication was available. Results Of 85 women enrolled, 3 were ineligible; 42 were randomized to misoprostol and 40 to placebo. There were no differences between groups in worst insertion pain, (5.8 ± 2.0 vs 5.9 ± 2.0, P = .94), provider ease of insertion (2.2 ± 2.2 vs 2.5 ± 2.2; P = .54) or adjunctive measures (14% vs 25%; P = .27). The groups were willing to tolerate the same mean pain (4.9 ± 2.5 vs 5.7 ± 2.4, P = .18) to avoid waiting for medication. The majority of women (85%) preferred to wait for an effective medication. Conclusion Misoprostol for nulliparous women did not decrease pain or improve the ease of insertion of an IUD. Most women were willing to wait for a medication that decreases pain, indicating a need to pursue alternatives for pain control with IUD insertion.
Substrate-selective COX-2 inhibition decreases anxiety via endocannabinoid activation

Augmentation of endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) signaling represents an emerging approach to the treatment of affective disorders. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) oxygenates arachidonic acid to form prostaglandins, but also inactivates eCBs in vitro. However, the viability of COX-2 as a therapeutic target for in vivo eCB augmentation has not been explored. Here we utilized medicinal chemistry and in vivo analytical and behavioral pharmacological approaches to demonstrate a key role for COX-2 in the regulation of endocannabinoid (eCB) levels in vivo. A novel pharmacological strategy involving “substrate-selective” inhibition of COX-2 was used to augment eCB signaling without affecting related non-eCB lipids or prostaglandin synthesis. Behaviorally, substrate-selective inhibition of COX-2reducedanxiety-like behaviors in mice via increasede CB signaling. These data elucidate a key role for COX-2 in the regulation of eCB signaling and suggest substrate-selective pharmacology represents a viable approach for eCB augmentation with broad therapeutic potential.
Ionic currents mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of CLC Cl- channels.

CLC-ec1 is an E. coli homologue of the CLC family of Cl− channels, which are widespread throughout eukaryotic organisms. The structure of this membrane protein is known, and its physiological role has been described, but our knowledge of its functional characteristics is severely limited by the absence of electrophysiological recordings. High-density reconstitution and incorporation of crystallization-quality CLC-ec1 in planar lipid bilayers failed to yield measurable CLC-ec1 currents due to porin contamination. A procedure developed to prepare the protein at a very high level of purity allowed us to measure macroscopic CLC-ec1 currents in lipid bilayers. The current is Cl− selective, and its pH dependence mimics that observed with a 36Cl− flux assay in reconstituted liposomes. The unitary conductance is estimated to be <0.2 pS. Surprisingly, the currents have a subnernstian reversal potential in a KCl gradient, indicating imperfect selectivity for anions over cations. Mutation of a conserved glutamate residue found in the selectivity filter eliminates the pH-dependence of both currents and 36Cl− flux and appears to trap CLC-ec1 in a constitutively active state. These effects correlate well with known characteristics of eukaryotic CLC channels. The E148A mutant displays nearly ideal Cl− selectivity.
H ∞ reduced-order filtering of discrete-time T-S fuzzy systems

This paper addresses the reduced-order filtering problem for discrete-time T-S fuzzy systems. Based on multiple Lyapunov function approach, a sufficient condition is given in terms of the solvability of bilinear matrix inequalities. An iterative algorithm based on the linear matrix inequalities is developed to compute the corresponding filter gains. A numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the design methodologies.
Tea and bone health: steps forward in translational nutrition

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the aging population worldwide. Cross-sectional and retrospective evidence indicates that tea consumption may be a promising approach in mitigating bone loss and in reducing risk of osteoporotic fractures among older adults. Tea polyphenols enhance osteoblastogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Animal studies reveal that intake of tea polyphenols have pronounced positive effects on bone as shown by higher bone mass and trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness and lower trabecular separation via increasing bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption, resulting in greater bone strength. These osteoprotective effects appear to be mediated through antioxidant or antiinflammatory pathways along with their downstream signaling mechanisms. A short-term clinical trial of green tea polyphenols has translated the findings from ovariectomized animals to postmenopausal osteopenic women through evaluation of bioavailability, safety, bone turnover markers, muscle strength, and quality of life. For future studies, preclinical animal studies to optimize the dose of tea polyphenols for maximum osteoprotective efficacy and a follow-up short-term dose-response trial in postmenopausal osteopenic women are necessary to inform the design of randomized controlled studies in at-risk populations. Advanced imaging technology should also contribute to determining the effective dose of tea polyphenols in achieving better bone mass, microarchitecture integrity, and bone strength, which are critical steps for translating the putative benefit of tea consumption in osteoporosis management into clinical practice and dietary guidelines.
Swift: Fast, Reliable, Loosely Coupled Parallel Computation

We present Swift, a system that combines a novel scripting language called SwiftScript with a powerful runtime system based on CoG Karajan, Falkon, and Globus to allow for the concise specification, and reliable and efficient execution, of large loosely coupled computations. Swift adopts and adapts ideas first explored in the GriPhyN virtual data system, improving on that system in many regards. We describe the SwiftScript language and its use of XDTM to describe the logical structure of complex file system structures. We also present the Swift runtime system and its use of CoG Karajan, Falkon, and Globus services to dispatch and manage the execution of many tasks in parallel and grid environments. We describe application experiences and performance experiments that quantify the cost of Swift operations.
Laser-based microscopic approaches: application to cell signaling in environmental lung disease.

Cell-imaging approaches using new laser-based technologies have a wide applicability to the fields of pathology and cell biology. Here, we present the application of several of these techniques, including confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), laser scanning cytometry (LSC), and laser capture microdissection (LCM), to studies of cell signaling by environmental agents in lung disease. Using both cells in culture and lung tissue, we show that these technologies are powerful tools for understanding signal transduction cascades elicited by toxic agents, such as oxidants and asbestos fibers, and their relationship to the development of cell injury and proliferation, responses leading to lung disease and/or repair.
Multi-Source Multihop Wireless Networks: A Trellis Representation and Network Coding

We consider practical network coding, a useful generalization of routing, in a dynamic wireless network comprising a set of nodes transmitting data wirelessly to a set of common destinations. It is shown that an arbitrary network can be transformed to a "trellis network", such that routing becomes equivalent to path discovery in the trellis. Exploiting a distributed, real-time matching-code-with-graph technique in each stage of the possibly time-varying trellis, a general network coding framework is developed. Depending on whether or not decoding is performed at the intermediate relays, three practical network coding categories, progress network coding, concatenated network coding and hybrid network coding, are investigated. Analysis shows that the proposed framework can be as dissemination- efficient as those with random codes, but only more practical.
A Nonlinear Model for Flow Estimation and Control in a Percutaneous Heart Assist System

A percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) is an external heart assist system that bypasses blood from left atrium, right atrium, or femoral vein, and returns it to femoral artery to support patients who suffer from acute heart failure. The system typically consists of a blood pump (the VAD), a venous or atrial drainage cannula, and an arterial perfusion cannula. Because the device usually allows cardiologists the freedom of choosing the arterial cannula size and configuration based on a patient's body size, it is extremely difficult but important to predict the amount of blood flow the device can provide to the patient before the device is implanted and is up and running. In this paper, the pVAD system is modeled as a nonlinear electric circuit, including a speed dependent voltage source and current dependent resistors to simulate the pressure- flow relationship in the cannulae. The model structure is developed based upon the theory of fluid flow in pipes and the model parameters are identified by least-squares fit of the model to the experimental data. The blood flow rate provided by the system is determined by solving a quadratic equation whose coefficients are determined based on the sizes and configurations of the arterial cannulae. The model was tested on the tandem heart pVAD (Cardiac Assist Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) and was shown to be able to predict the flow rates accurately with error indices for all test conditions less than 6%, when comparing the predicted flow rates from the model with the experimental data. Also, computer simulation of the pVAD system with a cardiovascular model showed that the accuracy of the model in estimating the flow rate is robust regardless of the interaction between the device and the cardiovascular system. In addition to being able to estimate the flow given the sizes of the cannulae, this model can also be used to control the pump speed to achieve a desired flow for a given cannula configuration.
Optimal and Suboptimal Distributed Decision Fusion

The problem of decision fusion in distributed sensor systems is considered. Distributed sensors pass their decisions about the same hypotheses to a fusion center that combines then into a final decision. Assuming that the sensor decisions are independent from each other conditioned on each hypothesis, we provide a general proof that the optimal decision scheme that maximizes the probability of detection for fixed probability of false alarm at the fusion, is the Neymann-Pearson test at the fusion and Likelihood-Ratio tests at the sensors. The optimal set of thresholds is given via a set of nonlinear, coupled equations that depend on the decision policy but not on the priors. The nonlinear threshold equations cannot be solved in general. We provide a suboptimal algorithm for solving for the sensor thresholds through a one dimensional minimization. The algorithm applies to arbitrary type of similar or disimilar sensors. Numerical results have shown that the algorithm yields solutions that are extremely close to the optimal solutions in all the tested cases, and it does not fail in singular cases.
REAL TIME COMMUNITY MAPPING: EVALUATING TWO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES

Community mapping is a spatial discovery process to research authentic local issues by members from that area. Ideally, community mapping involves using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to create and analyze digital thematic maps so that questions centered on critical community issues are better addressed and understood. From middle and high schools to colleges and universities, community mapping has been adopted nationally as an effective educational vehicle to create learning experiences that become an extension of the lives of students and the communities in which they live. This project aims to demonstrate the technical and pedagogical uses of wireless technologies for real time community mapping by experimenting with and comparing two innovative methods based upon state of the art technologies. The first approach is to use a wireless PDA in connection with a regular GPS. The second approach is to use a wireless laptop combined with a handheld Windows CE GPS device. The study will provide foundations to the future integration and implementation of wireless broadband, GIS, and GPS technologies for real time community mapping within the context of curriculum design and student learning outcomes.
Socialism: The Labor-Managed Firm

The labor-managed firm is a socialist version of codetermination: labor participation without private property rights. Like the codetermining firm, the labor-managed firm has failed to emerge spontaneously on a significant scale. It has also failed to perform successfully whenever and wherever imposed by fiat. An implication is that the value of labor participation to the employees of business firms is less than the costs to their contractual partners of providing it. Simply put, the labor- managed firm is inefficient and has failed to pass the market test.
On limit points of spectral radii of non-negative symmetric integral matrices

In Section 2, we show that it is sufficient to restrict ~ to the set of (0,I) symmetric matrices with 0 diagonal, i.e., to the adjacency matrices of graphs. Then we show in Section 3 that if P < 1/2 + T-I/2 is a limit point of R, we need only consider graphs which are trees. In Section 4, we show we need only consider trees in which there is at most one vertex of degree three (and no vertex of higher degree), and this vertex is adjacent to an end vertrex of the tree. In Section 5, we complete the algebra needed to establish the formula given in the theorem, and we state some unsolved problems in Section 6.
Activity of monkey frontal eye field neurons projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons.

1. This study identified neurons in the rhesus monkey's frontal eye field that projected to oculomotor regions of the pons and characterized the signals sent by these neurons from frontal eye field...
Surgery and Specialization

The white heat of the Paris clinics helped in many ways to create a new ‘modern’ style of medicine: one that blended medical and surgical ideas, was research and teaching intensive, and which was, in other words, an early version of the phenomenon that we would now describe as ‘academic medicine’. An important feature of this new trend was the extent to which ‘specialist’ knowledge and practices could be rapidly developed. Take the career of Pierre-Joseph Desault, for instance, a man who began his professional life relatively inauspiciously as a barber-surgeon but who would go on to found famous centres for academic surgery, first at the Charite then at the Hotel Dieu in late eighteenth century Paris.3 At the College of Surgery, Desault oversaw the building of a grand surgical amphitheatre that allowed students to observe and be instructed on live surgeries.4 A similar innovation on the wards, where Desault insisted that surgical students be placed in charge of wards—caring for patients and maintaining records—was an enormously important step, one that opened a new world of practical opportunities for would-be practitioners just as their elevation in status itself symbolized the ascendant status of academic surgery as a whole.
Safety of same-day pegfilgrastim administration and incidence of cystitis and ureteritis in mCRPC treated with cabazitaxel {+/-} carboplatin.

e16513Background: Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is a novel taxane approved after docetaxel in patients (pts) with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Though myeloid growth factors are comm...
Refining of the RRIM Process, Materials and Equipment in the Automotive Industry

United States automobile manufacturers are faced with the problem of providing a sufficient proportion of five- and six-passenger cars to satisfy the needs of American families while meeting the requirement for maximum fuel economy dictated by Federal regulations and the rapidly escalating cost of gasoline.
Exploring the Structural Compliancy versus Specificity of the Estrogen Receptor Using Isomeric Three-Dimensional Ligands

The estrogen receptors (ERs) bind with high affinity to many structurally diverse ligands by significantly distorting the contours of their ligand-binding pockets. This raises a question: To what degree is ER able to distinguish between structurally related regioisomers and enantiomers? We have explored the structural compliance and specificity of ERα with a set of ligands having a 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene sulfonate core and basic side chains typical of selective ER modulators (SERMs). These ligands have two regioisomers, each of which is a racemate of enantiomers. Using orthogonal protecting groups and chiral HPLC, we isolated all 4 isomers and assigned their absolute stereochemistry by X-ray analysis. The 1S,2R,4S isomer has a 80-170-fold higher affinity for ERα than the others, and it profiles as a partial agonist/antagonist in cellular reporter gene assays and in suppressing proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with subnanomolar potency, far exceeding that of the other isomers. It is the only isomer found bound to ERα by X-ray analysis after crystallization with four-isomer mixtures of closely related analogs. Thus, despite the general compliance of this receptor for binding a large variety of ligand structures, ER demonstrates marked structural specificity and stereospecificity by selecting a single component from a mixture of structurally related isomers to drive ER-regulated cellular activity. Our findings lay the necessary groundwork for seeking unique ER-mediated pharmacological profiles by rational structural perturbations of two different types of side chains in this unprecedented class of ER ligands, which may prove useful in developing more effective endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
Reduced cortical volume and thickness and their relationship to medical and operative features in post-Fontan children and adolescents

We compared brain cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes and cortical thickness between post-Fontan patients and healthy controls, and examined brain anatomical associations with operative and medical history characteristics. Post-Fontan (n = 128 volumes; n = 115 thickness) and control subjects (n = 48 volumes; n = 45 thickness) underwent brain MRI at ages 10–19 y. Subcortical and cortical volumes and cortical thicknesses were measured for intergroup comparison. Associations between brain measures and clinical measures were assessed in the Fontan group. Widespread, significant reduction in brain volumes and thicknesses existed in the Fontan group compared to controls, spanning all brain lobes and subcortical gray matter. Fontan subjects treated with vs. without the Norwood procedure had smaller volumes in several terminal clusters, but did not differ in cortical thickness. Older age at first operation and increasing numbers of cardiac catheterizations, operative complications, and catheterization complications were associated with lower regional volumes and thicknesses. Increasing numbers of operative complications and cardiac catheterizations were associated with smaller regional volumes in the Norwood group. The post-Fontan adolescent brain differs from the normal control brain. Some of these differences are associated with potentially modifiable clinical variables, suggesting that interventions might improve long-term neurocognitive outcome.
Identity: the killer app of crowdfunded open hardware

In the next 20 years, the notion of a secure, verifiable identity will drive the adoption of crowdfunded open hardware.
A Comparison of Subjective and Objective Job Demands and Fit With Personal Resources as Predictors of Retirement Timing in a National U.S. Sample

Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of job characteristics on the work choices of older workers. Researchers are increasingly using the subjective ratings of job characteristics available in the Health and Retirement Study in conjunction with more objective measures of job characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. Employing a theoretically-informed model of job demands-personal resources fit, we constructed mismatch measures between resources and job demands (both subjectively and objectively assessed) in physical, emotional, and cognitive domains. When we matched comparable measures across the two data sources in the domains of physical, emotional, and cognitive job demands, we found that both sources of information held predictive power in relation to retirement timing. Physical and emotional but not cognitive mismatch were associated with earlier retirement. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research.
Utilization of Peer Imitation in Therapeutic and Instructional Contexts

The importance of imitation in the social development of young children has been so widely emphasized as to become axiomatic in the literature of psychology and education (Baer & Sherman, 1964; Bandura & Walters, 1963; Gewirtz & Stingle, 1968; N.E. Miller & Dollard, 1941; Mowrer, 1960; R.F. Peterson, 1968; Piaget, 1951). Recently, increased attention has been directed toward investigating the role of peer imitation during early childhood (Apolloni & Cooke, 1975; Hartup, 1970,1978). Much of this work has been motivated by a conceptualization of peer imitation as a potentially powerful instructional resource which educators have yet to fully utilize in a systematic manner (Guralnick, 1976; Snyder, Apolloni, & Cooke, 1977). Peer imitation may be valuable along both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Quantitatively speaking, it is clear that utilizing children as teachers represents a means of increasing the available instructional personnel in the classroom (V.L. Allen, 1976). Qualitatively, there is evidence that under some conditions children may be more effective instructional models than adults (Barry & Overman, 1977; Becker & Glid-den, 1979; Nordquist, 1978; Rubenstein & Howes, 1976). The purpose of our chapter will be to delineate the major findings of the basic and developmental research on peer imitation, and to review the efforts of several researchers, including ourselves, to develop therapeutic techniques based on peer imitation for use in instructional contexts. Additionally, we will suggest further steps in the development of an instructional technology based on peer imitation, and relate the importance of such a technology to current trends in educational-service delivery.
Structure-based cross-docking analysis of antibody-antigen interactions.

Antibody–antigen interactions are critical to our immune response, and understanding the structure-based biophysical determinants for their binding specificity and affinity is of fundamental importance. We present a computational structure-based cross-docking study to test the identification of native antibody–antigen interaction pairs among cognate and non-cognate complexes. We picked a dataset of 17 antibody–antigen complexes of which 11 have both bound and unbound structures available, and we generated a representative ensemble of cognate and non-cognate complexes. Using the Rosetta interface score as a classifier, the cognate pair was the top-ranked model in 80% (14/17) of the antigen targets using bound monomer structures in docking, 35% (6/17) when using unbound, and 12% (2/17) when using the homology-modeled backbones to generate the complexes. Increasing rigid-body diversity of the models using RosettaDock’s local dock routine lowers the discrimination accuracy with the cognate antibody–antigen pair ranking in bound and unbound models but recovers additional top-ranked cognate complexes when using homology models. The study is the first structure-based cross-docking attempt aimed at distinguishing antibody–antigen binders from non-binders and demonstrates the challenges to address for the methods to be widely applicable to supplement high-throughput experimental antibody sequencing workflows.
A population‐based analysis of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity

Objectives To describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the oral cavity between the years of 1973 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Study Design Retrospective cohort study using a national database. Methods The SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with VC of the oral cavity between 1973 and 2012. Patient data was then analyzed with respect to histopathology, age, sex, race, stage, grade, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiation therapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated. Results A total of 1,481 cases of VC of the oral cavity were identified. The cohort was composed of 50.5% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.5 years. The oral tongue was the most common primary site (28.9%), followed by the alveolar ridge (21.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.0%). The vast majority of cases (79.1%) presented with stage I and stage II disease. Nodal disease was present in only 1.6% of cases. The median OS was 94.6 months. Eighty-seven percent of cases underwent surgery, and 11.5% received both surgery and radiation therapy. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 83%, 64%, and 42%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (P < 0.001) and stage (P < 0.001) were associated with worse OS, whereas surgery improved OS (P = 0.047). Conclusion We provide the first population-based analysis of prognostic factors affecting survival outcomes in patients with oral cavity VC. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Age, stage, nodal status, and surgical therapy are independent predictors of OS. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
IL-1 Signaling Prevents Alveolar Macrophage Depletion during Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection.

Influenza and bacterial coinfection is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans during influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, the fundamental protective and pathogenic mechanisms involved in this complex virus-host-bacterium interaction remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have developed mild to lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection models for comparative analyses of disease pathogenesis. Specifically, wild-type and IL-1R type 1-deficient (Il1r1-/- ) mice were infected with influenza virus and then superchallenged with noninvasive S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (Spn14) or S. pneumoniae serotype 19A (Spn19A). The coinfections were followed by comparative analyses of inflammatory responses and animal protection. We found that resident alveolar macrophages are efficient in the clearance of both pneumococcal serotypes in the absence of influenza infection; in contrast, they are essential for airway control of Spn14 infection but not Spn19A infection. In agreement, TNF-α and neutrophils play a compensatory protective role in secondary bacterial infection associated with Spn19A; however, the essential requirement for alveolar macrophage-mediated clearance significantly enhances the virulence of Spn14 during postinfluenza pneumococcal infection. Furthermore, we show that, although IL-1 signaling is not required for host defense against pneumococcal infection alone, it is essential for sustaining antibacterial immunity during postinfluenza pneumococcal infection, as evidenced by significantly aggravated bacterial burden and animal mortality in Il1r1-/- mice. Mechanistically, we show that through preventing alveolar macrophage depletion, inflammatory cytokine IL-1 signaling is critically involved in host resistance to influenza and pneumococcal coinfection.
Thermally-stable dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition from aqueous electrolytes

Dynamic windows based on the reversible electrodeposition of metals are a promising alternative to those utilizing electrochromic materials. In this manuscript, we develop 25 cm2 dynamic windows based on the reversible electrodeposition of Cu and Bi from aqueous gel electrolytes that switch with a contrast ratio of ∼80% in one minute. Although the aqueous electrolyte promotes rapid and uniform metal electrodeposition, its narrow operable temperature range limits practical implementation of the devices. To overcome this issue, we employ additives that prevent electrolyte freezing while still allowing for reversible metal electrodeposition. With properly-selected antifreezes that do not bind strongly to metal ions, the windows switch reversibly at temperatures down to −40 °C. The enhanced thermal stability of these systems is necessary for the practical implementation of metal-based dynamic windows.
Love, Fear, Anger: The Emotional Arc of Populist Rhetoric

Why, at the present historical moment, are divisive nationalist narratives more powerful than inclusive ones seeking to advance transnational integration? This essay examines four case studies of ânationalist storytellingâ: the rhetoric of Nigel Farageâs United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) during the Leave campaign leading up to the Brexit referendum of June 2016 in the United Kingdom, the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump in the United States, the 2017 campaign of Geert Wildersâ Freedom Party in the Netherlands, and the 2017 campaign of Marine Le Penâs National Front in France. In each of these countries, populist leaders have deployed rhetoric that traces a three-stage emotional arc, emphasizing love for the homeland, fear of the foreigner, and righteous anger against corrupt elites who have endangered the nationâs well-being. The powerful emotional response aroused by this rhetoric has been a key factor in these movementsâ recent electoral success.
Soliton Dynamics in One-Dimensional Antiferromagnets

Recent neutron-scattering experiments by BOUCHER et al. [1] on soliton dynamics of the antiferromagnetic chain TMMC [(CH3)4 NMnCl3] indicates the effect of the soliton-soliton collision. In this paper we study theoretically the effect of soliton-soliton and soliton-magnon collisions on correlation functions of antiferromagnetic chains based on a sine-Gordon model.
A Supervised Approach to Predict Company Acquisition with Factual and Topic Features Using Profiles and News Articles on TechCrunch

Merger and Acquisition (M&A) prediction has been an interesting and challenging research topic in the past a few decades. However, past work has only adopted numerical features in building models, and yet the valuable textual information from the great variety of social media sites has not been touched at all. To fully explore this information, we used the profiles and news articles for companies and people on TechCrunch, the leading and largest public database for the tech world, which anybody can edit. Specifically, we explored topic features via topic modeling techniques, as well as a set of other novel features of our design within a machine learning framework. We conducted experiments of the largest scale in the literature, and achieved a high true positive rate (TP) between 60% to 79.8% with a false positive rate (FP) mostly between 0% and 8.3% over company categories with a small number of missing attributes in the CrunchBase profiles.
Devices and Means of Controlling Climate for Vegetable Production in Adverse Climates and During Off Seasons

The production of crops at times other than during normal seasons has been practiced only in recent times. In the tropics and subtropics, many kinds of fruits and vegetables can be grown in abundance practically all year round. However, in the northern and southern temperate climates many crops are almost impossible to grow from late fall through winter due to cold temperatures. It is in these latter regions where farmers have made progress in the growing of crops during “off seasons.”
SHOULD HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA BE TREATED

The answer to the question is yes. Phosphate treatment is necessary when hypophosphatemia is part of a true phosphate depletion syndrome (PDS). However, hypophosphatemia, even as low as 1.0–2.0 mg/dl in adults or 2.0–3.0 mg/dl in preadolescent children, does not necessarily mean or cause PDS. There are many examples in adult and child medicine of chronic hypophosphatemia caused by a high renal clearance of phosphorus (P) (low TmP/GFR) i.e. liberal amounts of P in the urine with low serum P. These do not develop a PDS unless there is superimposed a true lack of available P for the metabolic and growth needs of the patient. In the latter setting P excretion decreases markedly or disappears completely from the urine. This intense tubular reabsorption of P is an invariable feature of true phosphate depletion.
Introduction Out of the Ordinary: Women of the Spanish Avant-Garde

While male artists dominated the Avant-Garde movement in Paris, Barcelona and Madrid in the first third of the twentieth century, women began to make their mark simultaneously. In Spain artists such as Remedios Varo, Maruja Mallo, the Argentinian Norah Borges, Angeles Santos and Maria Blanchard, as well as several female artists working outside Spain such as Raquel Forner and Leonora Carrington, because of their experiences as outsiders, searched for the absolute, for transcendence through their art. In general, the originality and the ultimate success of these artists were derived from a heavy dose of what Freud labelled das Unheimliche, the uncanny, the ineffable, the dreamlike qualities which result from the subversion of reality and the unwitting inspiration to transgress the boundaries of the male establishment.
Building Bridges Between Burial Archaeology and the Archaeology of Death : Where is the Archaeological Study of the Dead Going?

Building Bridges Between Burial Archaeology and the Archaeology of Death : Where is the Archaeological Study of the Dead Going?
MARIJUANA USE AND THE RISK OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, AND INPATIENT MORTALITY: AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE

Although marijuana use is considered a trigger for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the studies assessing marijuana use and ACS have shown inconsistent results. The CARDIA study concluded that marijuana use was associated with lifetime risk of atherosclerosis only among cigarette smokers. Due to
Conditional Probability in Wave Mechanics

In his paper of 1948 [1] and in his book of 1956 [2] Louis de Broglie stressed that the ordinary relationship between joint probability and conditional probability no longer holds in wave mechanics, and that the difference lies above all in the definition of the joint probability of two physical quantities which are not simultaneously measurable. What is still more important, he showed that the double solution theory is not subject to this difficulty. He is certainly right in emphasizing this problem of joint probability and conditional probability, since it is the centre of the curious features of wave mechanics, which should be dealt with first if we wish to attempt an improvement of its ordinary interpretation.
Hoping for Peace

When the odds of achieving world peace seem so long, do hopes for peace amount to anything more than wishful thinking? In this paper, I introduce the idea of meaningful hope, which can help us to u...
Bilateral ectopic pregnancy.

A 22-year-old nulliparous woman presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She had a human chorionic gonadotropin level of greater than 200,000 mIU/mL; a pelvic ultrasound raised concern about a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. She underwent an emergent laparoscopy, which revealed bilateral tubal pregnancies. We performed a left salpingectomy and a right linear salpingostomy. Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is rare, accounting for 1 in 750 to 1 in 1580 ectopic pregnancies. Various therapies have been instituted in the setting of bilateral ectopic pregnancies. The majority of these are managed surgically with bilateral salpingectomy.1
Number of particles in fission fragments

Background: In current simulations of fission, the number of protons and neutrons in a given fission fragment is almost always obtained by integrating the total density of particles in the sector of space that contains the fragment. The semiclassical nature of this procedure and the antisymmetry of the many-body wave function of the whole nucleus systematically leads to noninteger numbers of particles in the fragment.Purpose: We seek to estimate rigorously the probability of finding $Z$ protons and $N$ neutrons in a fission fragment, i.e., the dispersion in particle number (both charge and mass). Knowing the dispersion for any possible fragmentation of the fissioning nucleus will improve the accuracy of predictions of fission fragment distributions and the simulation of the fission spectrum with reaction models.Methods: Given a partition of the full space ${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$ in two sectors corresponding to the two prefragments, we discuss two different methods. The first one is based on standard projection techniques extended to arbitrary partitions of space. We also introduce a novel sampling method that depends only on a relevant single-particle basis for the whole nucleus and the occupation probability of each basis function in each of the two sectors. We estimate the number of particles $A$ in the left (right) fragment by statistical sampling of the joint probability of having $A$ single-particle states in the left (right) sector of space.Results: We use both methods to estimate the charge and mass number dispersion of several scission configurations in $^{240}\mathrm{Pu}$ using either a macroscopic-microscopic approach or full Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations. We show that restoring particle-number symmetry naturally produces odd-even effects in the charge probability, which could explain the well-known odd-even staggering effects of charge distributions.Conclusions: We discuss two methods to estimate particle-number dispersion in fission fragments. In the limit of well-separated fragments, the two methods give identical results. It can then be advantageous to use the sampling method since it provides a $N$-body basis for each prefragment, which can be used to estimate fragment properties at scission. When the two fragments are still substantially entangled, the sampling method breaks down, and one has to use projector techniques, which gives the exact particle-number dispersion even in that limit. Note that, in this paper, we have assumed that scission configurations could be described well by a static Bogoliubov vacuum: the strong odd-even staggering in the charge distributions could be somewhat attenuated when going beyond this hypothesis.