cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Inflammation Promotes Skin Carcinogenesis in Cancer-Prone Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

High-risk skin cancer is a rare, but severe, complication associated with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Chronic scar, inflammation, UVR, and immunosuppressive medications are proposed explanations for this heightened skin cancer risk; however, the exact mechanism driving skin carcinogenesis in DLE is unknown. The distinct co-localization of multiple independent skin cancers with areas of active inflammation in two DLE patients followed over 8 years strongly suggested that lupus inflammation promotes skin carcinogenesis in DLE. To investigate this clinical observation, we subjected lupus-prone MRL/lpr and control (MRL/n) mice to a skin carcinogenesis protocol. Skin tumors developed preferentially within the cutaneous lupus inflammation without scarring in MRL/lpr mice (P
Clinical spectrum of BCS1L Mitopathies and their underlying structural relationships.

The most frequent cause of isolated complex III deficits is mutations to the nuclear-encoded ATPase BCS1L. Disease phenotypes are varied and can be as mild as Bjornstad syndrome, characterized by pili torti and sensorineural hearing loss, or as severe as GRACILE syndrome, characterized by growth restriction, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis, and early death. BCS1L mutations are also linked to an undefined complex III deficiency, a heterogeneous condition generally involving low birth weight, renal and hepatic pathologies, hypotonia, and developmental delays. We analyzed all published patient cases of mutations to BCS1L and modeled the tertiary and quaternary structure of the BCS1L protein to map the location of disease-causing BCS1L mutations. We show that higher order structural analysis can be used to understand the phenotype observed in a patient with the novel compound heterozygous c.550C>T(p.Arg184Cys) and c.838C>T(p.Leu280Phe) mutations. More broadly, higher order structural analysis reveals genotype-phenotype relationships within the intermediate complex III deficiency category that help to make sense of the spectrum of observed phenotypes. We propose a change in nomenclature that unifies the intermediate phenotype under "BCS1L Mitopathies". Patterns in genotype-phenotype correlations within these BCS1L Mitopathies are evident in the context of the tertiary and quaternary structure of BCS1L.
Lactate and cancer: spinal metastases and potential therapeutic targets (part 2)

Metastatic spine disease is a heterogeneous clinical condition commonly requiring surgical intervention. Despite this heterogeneity, all cases share the common theme of altered tumor metabolism, characterized by aerobic glycolysis and high lactate production. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism as it pertains to tumor progression, metastasis, and the formation of painful bone lesions. We included articles from the English literature addressing the role of lactate metabolism in the following: (I) primary tumor aggressiveness, (II) local tissue invasion, (III) metastasis formation, and (IV) generation of oncologic pain. We also report current investigations into restoring normal lactate metabolism as a means of impeding tumor growth and the formation of bony metastases. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that high lactate levels may be necessary for tumor cell growth, as small molecules inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH5/LDHA) decrease both the rate of tumor growth and formation of metastases. Additionally, in vitro evidence strongly implicates lactate in tumor cell migration by driving the amoeboid movements of these cells. Acidification of the local bony tissue by excess lactate production activates CGRP+ neurons in the bone marrow and periosteum to generate oncologic bone pain. High lactate may also increase expression of acid sensing receptors in these neurons to generate the neuropathic pain seen in some patients with metastatic disease. Lastly, investigation into lactate-directed therapeutics is still early in development. Initial preclinical trials looking at LDH5/LDHA inhibitors as well as inhibitors of lactate transporters (MCT1) have demonstrated promise, but clinical work has been restricted to a single phase I trial. Lactate appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metastatic spine disease. Efforts are ongoing to identify small molecules inhibitors of targets in the lactogenic pathway capable of preventing the formation of osseous metastatic disease.
A hierarchical Bayesian state trace analysis for assessing monotonicity while factoring out subject, item, and trial level dependencies

Abstract State trace analyses assess the latent dimensionality of a cognitive process by asking whether the means of two dependent variables conform to a monotonic function across a set of conditions. Using an assumption of independence between the measures, recently proposed statistical tests address bivariate measurement error, allowing both frequentist and Bayesian analyses of monotonicity (e.g., Davis-Stober, Morey, Gretton, & Heathcote, 2016; Kalish, Dunn, Burdakov, & Sysoev, 2016). However, statistical inference can be biased by unacknowledged dependencies between measures, particularly when the data are insufficient to overwhelm an incorrect prior assumption of independence. To address this limitation, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian model that explicitly models the separate roles of subject, item, and trial-level dependencies between two measures. Assessment of monotonicity is then performed by fitting separate models that do or do not allow a non-monotonic relation between the condition effects (i.e., same versus different rank orders). The Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC) and Pseudo Bayesian Model Averaging – both cross validation measures of model fit – are used for model comparison, providing an inferential conclusion regarding the dimensionality of the latent psychological space. We validated this new state trace analysis technique using model recovery simulation studies, which assumed different ground truths regarding monotonicity and the direction/magnitude of the subject- and trial-level dependence. We also provide an example application of this new technique to a visual object learning study that compared performance on a visual retrieval task (forced choice part recognition) versus a verbal retrieval task (cued recall).
Soil nematodes differ in association with native and non-native dune-building grass species

Abstract Non-native plant species can alter soil communities, which can lead to changes in their ecosystem functioning and facilitate invasive plant spread. In this study, we asked whether abundance, composition, or function of free-living soil nematode communities differed in association with two dune building grass species in US Pacific Northwest coastal dunes. In 2016, we surveyed soil nematode communities along foredune profiles at six sites in Oregon and Washington, USA, where the non-native beach grass Ammophila breviligulata co-occurred with the native dune grass Elymus mollis. We also measured plant-associated factors that might influence nematode communities, including plant tissue nitrogen, arbuscular mycorrhizal associations, litter production, and plant community diversity associated with the two grass species across the foredune profile. Elymus mollis plots had over twice as many nematodes on average as A. breviligulata plots and were also associated with a higher nematode enrichment index, especially on dune heels. This is possibly explained by higher percent leaf nitrogen content in E. mollis. Subtle differences in nematode community composition and plant tissue nitrogen between the two grass species indicate that A. breviligulata may be altering nutrient cycling across the dune profile, which could explain the arrested succession associated with this species on back dunes. However, overall, nematode communities shifted more in response to foredune cross-shore position and stabilization as opposed to changes in vegetation.
Why is labour receiving a smaller share of global income

The labour share of income has been on a downward trend in both advanced and emerging economies. Declining labour shares in emerging economies, though less pronounced, present an important puzzle as they contradict the predictions of classical trade theory. This paper presents a stylized mechanism to reconcile these findings, at the centre of which is routinization, that is, the automation of labour in occupations highly exposed to substitution by computer capital. We assemble a novel dataset and introduce a new measure of the exposure to routinization to analyse the drivers of falling labour shares. While technological progress and exposure to routinization explain over half the overall decline in advanced economies, in emerging markets, the globalization of trade and the accompanying capital deepening are the most significant driver, with technological progress and routinization playing a negligible role.
Optimizing Wound Healing in Metastatic Spine Surgery

As treatment options have prolonged the lives of patients with advanced oncologic disease, spinal metastases have become increasingly prevalent. By definition, spine surgery addressing metastases occurs within a complex cohort of patients all of whom have an aggressive form of cancer in addition to multiple comorbidities that serve as barriers to proper wound healing. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the various components of wound healing in the context of metastatic spine tumors. Wound management after surgery for metastatic disease of the spine requires not only a knowledge of fundamental wound-healing physiology and management but also how these principles are altered in this particular patient cohort.
Impact of Diet and Exercise on Weight and Cognition in Older Adults: A Rapid Review.

Objective:To determine where the current literature stands in regard to diet/exercise interventions on cognition in overweight or obese individuals.Data Source:A rapid review was conducted of Engli...
Parametric Amplification of Spectrally Incoherent Signals

The parametric amplification of spectrally incoherent signals is analyzed with normalized propagation equations, demonstrating the significant impact of temporal walk-off between waves and pump depletion on the statistical properties of the amplified signal.
FORESHORE DEPOSITIONAL PATTERNS ALONG THE RHODE ISLAND SOUTHSHORE

An application of polynomial curve fitting to sediment cumulative frequency distributions is presented to delineate the foreshore depositional patterns along the barrier beaches of the Rhode Island southshore. The analysis is based on 92 sampled stations where data for beach geometry, tidal stage, and sediment size were collected. Using the size-frequency classes obtained from sieving the foreshore sediment samples at 0.25 O intervals and fitting third-degree polynomial equations to these data, over 94% of the variation within the sediment cumulative frequency distributions is explained. The four curve coefficients (a, b, c, d) derived from the predicted third-degree equation are used in a discriminant function analysis to test the relationship between the curve shape and sediment source. Comparison of the discriminant scores with the respective station locations suggests that a series of Pleistocene headlands which occur as discrete points along the beach are serving as independent sources of sediment fo...
Chapter 10 – Australopithecines

Australopithecines are an adaptive radiation of early hominins, all of which to some extent were bipedal, had brains only slightly larger than those of apes, and developed adaptations to a diet that involved at least occasionally difficult-to-chew foods. They are known from perhaps 10 species that existed between about 4.2 million and 1.0 million years ago and inhabited at least central, eastern, and southern Africa. It is out of this radiation that our genus Homo likely evolved, although we are not certain from which species, so understanding australopithecines is key to interpreting not only the diversity of early hominins but also the origins of Homo.
Dark Times Indeed: NCATE, Social Justice and the Marginalization of Multicultural Foundations

This article uses the recent and seemingly local NCATE decision to drop the terminology of “social justice” from its examples of dispositions in teacher education to make a larger and more global argument: that the multicultural foundations field (educational foundations, educational studies, and multicultural education) has become fundamentally marginalized in its ability to impact educational policymaking. This article first traces the political context of NCATE’s decision to drop the disposition of social justice. It then provides three distinct empirical data sets at three ever­more finely grained units of analysis—a national­level analysis of influence, a state­level analysis of coursework requirements, and a classroom­level analysis of syllabus construction—that demonstrate such marginalization. The article concludes that multicultural foundations has abdicated its responsibility to future teachers, schools of education, and the public at large by removing itself (and being removed) from the paramount discussions and debates of the role of schools in a democratic and pluralistic society committed to equity and equality for all students. NCATE’s decision is thus not only a single, but actually singular, example of multicultural foundation’s current inability to, in Maxine Greene’s (1976) terminology, challenge mystification in “dark times.”
Adenosine A2A receptor agonists promote more rapid wound healing than recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (Becaplermin gel).

Animal studies of the topical application of adenosine A2A receptor agonists show that it promotes wound closure. To further confirm the efficacy of adenosine A2A receptor agonists as promoters of wound healing, we compared the effect of MRE0094, a novel selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, to CGS-21680, a reference selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, as well as to recombinant human platelet–derived growth factor (0.01% Becaplermin gel), an agent currently used to promote healing of diabetic ulcers, on wound closure in healthy BALB/C mice. Wounds (∼12 mm diameter) were created on the dorsum of mice (two per mouse) and then treated daily with vehicle, 0.01% Becaplermin gel, or different doses of the adenosine A2A receptor agonists. The wound margins were traced onto plastic sheets, and the wound areas were digitized, quantitated, and compared. We found that application of MRE0094 (1 μg/wound and 10 μg/wound) and CGS-21680 (1 μg/wound and 5 μg/wound) achieved 50% wound closure significantly more rapidly than control application (day 1.9, 1.9, 3.5, 3.2, respectively, versus control day 4, p < 0.05 ANOVA). Surprisingly, neither higher nor lower concentrations of CGS-21680 affected the rate of wound closure, as compared to control. In contrast, Becaplermin gel did not increase the rate at which wounds closed (50% closure by day 7.2, p = NS versus control). These data confirm our prior observations that adenosine A2A receptor agonists promote wound closure, and they suggest that these agents may be as effective if not more effective than Becaplermin gel for the treatment of poorly healing wounds.
Effect of Time of Sampling Postmortem on Myofibril Fragmentation Index of Meat

The usefulness of myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) in predicting shear force of cooked meat was studied on muscle samples obtained immediately after death and aged or after aging the muscle in the intact carcass for about 7 days. The MFI values of cores obtained at the time of death (MFIO) of the animal were lower than those obtained after aging the meat (MFIA) in the intact carcass (69.18 vs. 81.38). However, correlations between MFI values with shear force values were similar for each sampling procedure (MFIO, r = -0.57; MFIA, r = -0.60). Results indicate that the biopsy of animals for MFI observations could possibly be useful in estimating tenderness.
Not Necessarily a Myocardial Infarction: New Left Bundle Branch Block

PRESENTATION When a new wide complex rhythm with a left bundle branch block pattern appears on the electrocardiogram (ECG), the findings should direct further investigation. We highlight a case in which a 56-year-old woman had this presentation. Careful examination of her ECG rhythm strip suggested an unusual etiology in this setting. The patient presented to the emergency department after 2 days of poorly controlled epigastric pain. One month earlier, she had been diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Upon arrival to the emergency department, she had stable vital signs, including a heart rate of 77 beats per minute. An ECG indicated new left bundle branch block (Figure 1). One week before, she had an ECG that revealed normal sinus rhythm with a narrow QRS complex (Figure 2). The composite of epigastric pain and new left bundle branch block in a postmenopausal female called for further cardiac evaluation. Two blood samples were drawn 3 hours apart for cardiac troponin I values. Both tests produced normal results (0.03 ng/mL; reference, <0.04 ng/mL).
Almost-everywhere complexity, bi-immunity and nondeterministic space

We show that the complexity-theoretic notion of almost-everywhere complex functions is identical to the recursion-theoretic notion of bi-immune sets in the nondeterministic space domain. Furthermore we derive a very strong separation theorem for nondeterministic space — witnessing this fact by almost-everywhere complex sets — that is equivalent to the traditional infinitely-often complex hierarchy result. The almost-everywhere complex sets constructed here are the first such sets constructed for nondeterministic complexity classes.
The Neuropathology of Patients with Dementia and Non-Dementia in the Oldest-old (P2.176)

OBJECTIVE: To better define the neuropathology of non-demented and demented persons dying >95 years BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative disease research has focused on younger-old despite significant growth in the oldest-old population. Clinical and neuropathological features of neurodegeneration appear to differ widely at different ages. In the oldest-old, correlation between neuropathological findings and cognitive impairment is imperfect, which may be related to unknown mechanisms and/or concomitance of multiple pathologies. DESIGN/METHODS: Brains and clinical records of 137 autopsied subjects with dementia (n=71) and non- dementia (n=66, including mild cognitive impairment) who were 95 and older at the time of death were studied. Standard neuropathological techniques were used to determine the type and severity of the pathology. RESULTS: Age at death, education, and sex did not differ between non-demented and demented persons. APOE e4 carriers were underrepresented in the non-demented cohort, but this did not reach significance. Alzheimer’s type pathology significantly differed between cohorts, interestingly the severity of diffuse plaques in the cortex did not differ. Vascular disease was significantly less common in the non-demented cohort, but the presence of hippocampal sclerosis, Lewy body disease, and argyrophilic grains disease did not differ. The number of coexisting neuropathologies was significantly different with none (i.e, normal pathologic diagnosis) being less frequent in the non-demented cohort and three or more neuropathologies being more frequent in the demented cohort. CONCLUSIONS: 1.Age, gender and education do not differ significantly in dementia and non-dementia groups.2. Subjects with clinical dementia commonly (80[percnt]) demonstrate Alzheimer9s pathologic features and frequently have coexisting neurodegenerative and vascular disease(s).3.Those without clinical dementia frequently have degenerative neuropathology including plaques (66[percnt]), hippocampal sclerosis 8[percnt], vascular disease (38[percnt]) Lewy Bodies (25[percnt]) and argyrophilic grain pathology (23[percnt]). Only 34[percnt] had no plaques. 4. Apoe4 was more frequent in the dementia and Apoe2 in the non-dementia group but neither was significant. Disclosure: Dr. BALCI CAMSARI has nothing to disclose. Dr. Graff-Radford has received personal compensation for activities with Codman and Cytox as a scientific advisory board member or a consultant. Dr. Graff-Radford has received royalty payments for UpToDate. Dr. Petersen has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. and Janssen Alzheimer9s Immunotherapy. Neurology, Deputy Editor, Dr. Boeve has received research support from GE Healthcare. Dr. Parisi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murray has nothing to disclose.
A Review of “Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom”

Cosmopolitanism has erupted with great force across the social sciences and humanities over the past two decades. Unfortunately, the term has suffered from its popularity: A “cosmopolitan” is often...
Preliminary observations after facial rehabilitation with the ansa hypoglossi pedicle transfer

Facial paralysis is a very disabling condition, both functionally and cosmetically. Despite the different methods of facial reanimation that have been described, there is no single method that will restore normal facial tone and motion. Of the methods available, primary neurorrhaphy is probably the most effective. The recovery period, however, is prolonged and, as a result, muscle tone and bulk may be lost. The hypoglossal-facial anastomosis7–12 is also a very reliable and effective technique but requires necessary interruption of both major cranial nerve trunks. Transfer of a neuromuscular pedicle (based on the ansa hypoglossi) has been offered as a method of facial reanimation that involves neither prolonged recovery nor interruption of the major cranial nerve functions. The application of this technique for reinnervation of a paralyzed larynx was first described by Tucker in 1970, and the technique was applied to facial muscle (in animal models) in 1977. The effectiveness of this technique—and its appl...
Evaluation of algebraic eddy-viscosity models in three-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer flows

~'vw/(dW/dy) N = anisotropy constant, ——//ar r /a \ uv/(dU/dy) £/ref__ _ = reference velocity wVv, 2 _ = kinematic normal stresses —7/v, — ww, — "vw = kinematic shear stresses W^o = surface velocity of rotating cylinder a = flow angle with respect to ATFS axis of local freestream coordinates ag = mean velocity gradient vector angle with respect to the #Fs * °f tne local freestream coordinates am = measured shear stress vector angle with respect to the #FS axis of the local freestream coordinates v kinematic viscosity
Patterns of Nonverbal Cognitive Functioning in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Previous research demonstrates an uneven pattern of cognitive abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study examined whether this uneven pattern exists within the nonverbal domain in young children. We hypothesized relative strengths in perceptual abilities and weaknesses in nonverbal conceptual abilities in preschoolers with ASDs compared to groups with non-autism developmental delays and typical development. Profiles were examined using the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised. The ASD group displayed clear relative strengths in visuospatial disembedding and detail-focused processing, with relative weaknesses in abstraction and concept formation. This contrasted with patterns of roughly equivalent abilities in both comparison groups. These findings have implications for subsequent development and may represent key features of the cognitive profile of autism.
Differentiation of Phosphorylated and Unphosphorylated Peptides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation in a Quadrupole Ion Trap

Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in a quadrupole ion trap coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography allows the selective dissociation of phosphorylated peptides in mixtures following chromatographic separation. This method is shown to be effective for differentiation of phosphorylated peptides from unphosphorylated ones; only the abundances of the phosphorylated species are appreciably decreased following exposure to 125 ms of 10.6-μm radiation. This LC−IRMPD-MS strategy is demonstrated for a mock mixture of peptides and a tryptic digest of αS1-casein. The ability of this technique to differentiate peptides based on phosphorylation state is unaffected by whether the peptides are protonated or sodium-cationized.
A Concatenated Network Coding Scheme for Multimedia Transmission

We discuss a coding technique for transmitting temporally ordered and/or successive refinements encoded multimedia data (such as MPEG video) over a multi-cast network using recently developed breakthrough network coding techniques. Hybridizing network coding philosophy with that of priority encoded transmission and fountain codes, we provide a method which allows a sink to forward to higher OSI model layers (i.e. the source decoder lying in the application layer) the uncoded source data in order of importance as the network coded packets arrive. This technique avoids the delay presently incurred by waiting for the reception of a full rank network coding matrix before decoding the entire block and forwarding it to higher layers.
Electron induced luminescence as a technique for studying the adsorption of oxygen and the oxidation of thorium

Abstract The luminescence of thorium in an electron beam is affected by the interaction of oxygen with the metal surface. Luminescence intensity measurements, along with Auger electron spectroscopy data, suggest that both adsorbed molecular and atomic oxygen enhance the luminescence and that the luminescence intensity is especially sensitive to the amount of molecular oxygen adsorbed on the thorium surface. These findings are interpreted in terms of a dissociative mechanism of oxygen adsorption that leads to the formation of thorium oxide at the surface.
National Institutes of Health Efforts on Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Research Funded by the National Institute of Health on the Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations" by Robert W. S. Coulter, Karey S. Kenst, Deborah J. Bowen, and Scout which appeared in the February 2014 issue, with a reply by the authors.
Approximate queries on distributed data marts

The global business deals with a large amount of business data that are stored in potentially hundreds of distributed systems. It is challenging to allow end-users issue online analytical processing (OLAP) queries to retrieve suitable information through a worldwide network. This article presents the idea of using statistical methods to model federated data marts. Once data marts are modelled, reduced sets of distributed data can be imported and used to approximately reconstruct a federated data mart. Approximate queries can then be obtained from the reconstructed federated data mart. Advantages of this design include: quick query responses without accessing external servers; user-defined accuracy of the approximate query answers and network-efficient method for periodical updates. A proof of concept is presented using large data sets used for marketing analysis purposes.
Persulfate oxidation of MTBE- and chloroform-spent granular activated carbon

Abstract Activated persulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) regeneration of methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) and chloroform-spent GAC was evaluated in this study. Thermal-activation of persulfate was effective and resulted in greater MTBE removal than either alkaline-activation or H 2 O 2 –persulfate binary mixtures. H 2 O 2 may serve multiple roles in oxidation mechanisms including Fenton-driven oxidation, and indirect activation of persulfate through thermal or ferrous iron activation mechanisms. More frequent, lower volume applications of persulfate solution (i.e., the persulfate loading rate), higher solid/solution ratio (g GAC mL −1 solution), and higher persulfate concentration (mass loading) resulted in greater MTBE oxidation and removal. Chloroform oxidation was more effective in URV GAC compared to F400 GAC. This study provides baseline conditions that can be used to optimize pilot-scale persulfate-driven regeneration of contaminant-spent GAC.
Block hybrid method using trigonometric basis for initial value problems with oscillating solutions

A continuous hybrid method using trigonometric basis (CHMTB) with one `off-step' point is developed and used to produce two discrete hybrid methods which are simultaneously applied as numerical integrators by assembling them into a block hybrid method with trigonometric basis (BHMTB) for solving oscillatory initial value problems (IVPs). The stability property of the BHMTB is discussed and the performance of the method is demonstrated on some numerical examples to show accuracy and efficiency advantages.
Chronic haloperidol produces a time- and dose-related slowing of lick rhythm in rats : Implications for rodent models of tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism

In order to characterize the development of orolingual motor effects of chronic haloperidol treatment in rats, this typical neuroleptic was administered for 102 days while daily measurements of tongue movement dynamics (peak force, lick rhythm, number of licks) during water licking were recorded. After chronic haloperidol dosing (vehicle, 0.06. 0.12, 0.24 mg/kg for four separate groups) for 32 days and continuing every second or third day of the chronic dosing period, the effects of cholinergic (scopolamine: 0.05–0.20 mg/kg; trihexyphenidyl: 0.15–1.0 mg/kg) or serotonergic (ritanserin: 0.5–4.0 mg/kg; quipazine: 0.5–4.0 mg/kg) probe drugs were examined for their capacity to antagonize the alterations in licking behavior induced by haloperidol. Haloperidol dose-dependently reduced peak force and number of licks, effects which were apparent within 2 or 3 days of the start of treatment. Significant effects of haloperidol on lick rhythm first emerged on day 13 and gradually increased in magnitude through the remaining treatment period. Scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, and quipazine reduced haloperidol’s effects on at least one measure of licking behavior. During a 7-day haloperidol withdrawal period, the four dosage groups were similar on all measures of tongue dynamics. Overall, the results exhibited features suggesting the co-occurrence of Parkinson-like and tardive dyskinesia-like effects.
Drinking response distributions associated with a 4% sucrose FFI food schedule

Polydipsia was produced in two female rats when they were exposed to a FFI 40 sec. 4% sucrose pellet food reinforcement schedule. An analysis of the inter-pellet drinking distribution of both Ss indicated that drinking followed, rather than preceded pellet delivery. This result was interpreted as further evidence for a prandial interpretation of schedule-induced polydipsia.
The ionic strength dependence of lead (II) carbonate complexation in perchlorate media

Lead speciation in many aqueous geochemical systems is dominated by carbonate complexation. However, direct observations of Pb2+Pb2+ complexation by carbonate ions are few in number. This work represents the first investigation of the equilibrium Pb2++CO32-⇌PbCO30 over a range of ionic strength. Through spectrophotometric observations of PbCO30 formation at 25 °C in NaHCO3–NaClO4 solutions, PbCO30 formation constants of the form CO3β1=[PbCO30]/[Pb2+][CO32-] were determined between 0.001 and 5.0 molal ionic strength. Formation constant results were well represented by the equation: logCO3β1=(6.789±0.022)-4.088·I0.51+1.5I0.5+(0.244±0.012)I . This result, combined with previous critical assessments of formation constants for the equilibrium PbCO30+CO32-⇌Pb(CO3)22-, was used to estimate the ionic strength dependence for the equilibrium Pb2++2CO32-⇌Pb(CO3)22-: logCO3β2=(10.41±0.18)-4.088·I0.51+1.5I0.5-(0.31±0.33)I where CO3β2=[Pb(CO3)22-]/[Pb2+][CO32-]2. The carbonate complexation constants produced in this study, combined with previous complexation constants for formation of PbIIPbII chloride and hydroxide species, were used to predict formation constants for mixed-ligand species Pb(CO3)Cl-Pb(CO3)Cl-, Pb(OH)Cl0Pb(OH)Cl0, and Pb(CO3)OH-Pb(CO3)OH-. Formation constant estimates for the system Pb2+-HCO3--Cl--H+ were then used to assess PbIIPbII speciation in seawater. In the absence of complexation by organics, approximately 1.9% of the total lead in surface seawater (S = 35, t = 25 °C, pH ∼8.2 (free H+H+ concentration scale)) is present as free hydrated Pb2+Pb2+. Carbonate complexes, PbCO30 and Pb(CO3)Cl-Pb(CO3)Cl-, are predominant forms of PbIIPbII in seawater at high pH, and lead chloride complexes are predominant species at low pH. For pH >7.7 the sum concentration of PbCO30, Pb(CO3)Cl-Pb(CO3)Cl-, PbOH+PbOH+, and Pb(OH)Cl0Pb(OH)Cl0 in seawater exceeds the sum concentration of Pb2+Pb2+, PbCl+PbCl+, PbCl20, and PbCl3-.
Accurate lumen surface roughness measurement method in carotid atherosclerosis

Lumen surface quality is one characteristic used to characterize flow disturbances generated by small lesions of atherosclerosis. Mean curvature and Gaussian curvature are a set of local differential-geometric shape descriptors in classical differential geometry. Gaussian curvature represents intrinsic surface geometry whereas mean curvature is extrinsic at individual surface points. Here, we have chosen the Gaussian curvature to characterize the lumen surface quality of the carotid artery, referred to as roughness. An accurate roughness measurement method for carotid arteries, based on surface triangulation expression, is presented. This method is divided into the associated three sub-problems during processing: 1) representation of contours, 2) optimal surface tiling, and 3) calculation of roughness. The main advantages of this method are 1) the high curvature points are preserved; 2) roughness is calculated without explicit derivative estimates; 3) the accuracy of the roughness measurement is controlled using the area threshold, which determines the approximate error of surface. In theory, this technique is reasonable, but it will permit further studies to determine the association between roughness and the pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A universal proof technique for deadlock-free routing in interconnection networks

An important open problem in interconnection network routing has been to characterize the conditions under which routing algorithms are deadlock-free. Although this problem has been resolved for restricted classes of routing algorithms, no general solution has been found. In this paper, we solve this problem by proving a necessary and sufficient condition that can be used for any interconnection network routing algorithm, as long as only local information is required for routing. Our proof technique is universal: it can be used with any switching technique that is not inherently deadlock-free. This includes switching techniques such as wormhole routing, store-and-forward routing, and virtual cut-through. The proof technique for the necessary and sufficient condition introduces a new type of dependency graph, the buffer waiting graph, which omits most dependencies that cannot be used to create a deadlock configuration. Our methodology is illustrated by proving deadlock freedom for a store-and-forward routing algorithm for meshes and a wormhole routing algorithm for hypercubes. The hypercube routing algorithm requires only two virtual channels per physical channel and is more adaptive than any previously proposed wormhole routing algorithm for hypercubes.
Laparoscopic management of bladder pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma primarily involving the bladder is an uncommon pathologic finding. Patients may present with transient hypertension associated with palpitations and diaphoresis on micturition. A case of bladder pheochromocytoma treated by laparoscopic partial cystectomy is presented. The management principles of bladder pheochromocytoma for our specific case are discussed. Successful treatment requires that the correct diagnosis and tumor location be made in conjunction with the obligatory preoperative preparation of the patient.
Asymptotic stability for a free boundary problem arising in a tumor model

Abstract We consider a tumor model in which all cells are proliferating at a rate μ and their density is proportional to the nutrient concentration. The model consists of a coupled system of an elliptic equation and a parabolic equation, with the tumor boundary as a free boundary. It is known that for an appropriate choice of parameters, there exists a unique spherically symmetric stationary solution with radius R S which is independent of μ. It was recently proved that there is a function μ ∗ ( R S ) such that the spherical stationary solution is linearly stable if μ μ ∗ ( R S ) and linearly unstable if μ > μ ∗ ( R S ) . In this paper we prove that the spherical stationary solution is nonlinearly stable (or, asymptotically stable) if μ μ ∗ ( R S ) .
The 40Ar(p, d)39Ar and 36Ar(p, d)35Ar reactions at 27.5 MeV

Abstract The levels of 39 Ar and 35 Ar have been investigated by means of the (p, d) reaction at an incident energy of 27.5 MeV. Absolute differential cross sections of states up to 7.0 MeV excitation energy were measured. The excitation energies, angular momentum transfers and spectroscopic factors using DWBA analysis were determined for many previously unknown states.
The Political Sociology of Counter-Revolution: The Case of Brazil

Books reviewed in this articles: Politics in Brazil 1930–1964: An Experiment in Democracy. By Thomas E. Skidmore. Brazilian Planning: Development Politics and Administration. By Robert T. Daland. Le Bresil. Special issue of Les Temps Modernes.
Alcohol-nutrition interaction: 1984 update.

Abstract Alcohol remains a prevailing cause of malnutrition resulting in a variety of deficiency states secondary to decreased intake of nutrients. In addition to various well described primary malnutrition syndromes, secondary malnutrition may result from the interaction of ethanol with nutrient digestion, absorption or utilization. Some of the latter alcohol-nutrient interactions have been recently defined and their pathogenesis is discussed in this review. Included are interactions with thiamine, folic acid, vitamin A and disorders secondary to amino acid imbalances. The rationale for various forms of therapy is reviewed, including the treatment aimed at correcting the “hypermetabolic state” in alcoholics and the pitfalls of excess nutrient administration (particularly as it pertains to pyridoxine, vitamin A and amino acids). The desirability of recognizing early precirrhotic stages of alcoholic fibrosis is emphasized, in order to start therapy prior to the medical and/or social disintegration of the alcoholic.
Maternal Preference in Child Custody Decisions

Abstract At this time, all states have gender neutral child custody laws, which have replaced laws and precedents which usually gave preference to mothers (maternal preference) in custody decisions. There have been suggestions in the legal literature that maternal preference among judges may still exist in spite of these laws. In the present study, state judges in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee were surveyed by mail with regard to their beliefs dealing with issues related to maternal preference in child custody decisions. The items on the questionnaire dealt with the quality of parenting provided by mothers versus fathers, children's adjustment following divorce while living with mothers versus fathers, and the preferred custodian following divorce. Usable data was provided by 149 judges. The results of the study showed that the judges exhibited continuing indications of maternal preference. These results were very consistent, with the means on every item of the questionnaire indicating a ...
Response of cat retinal ganglion cell to moving stimuli.

Abstract Responses elicited from cat retinal ganglion cells by moving stimuli of different intensities and heights were studied. Two types of response patterns were recorded: in type I cells, there was a decrease in the firing rate when the stimulus entered the periphery; in type II cells, there was no indication of the inhibition from the periphery. Evidence was presented that these correspond to the sustained and transient units reported by other investigators. Changes in the stimulus intensity and height did not change the measured size of the receptive field center which indicated that the center and surround components of the receptive field are changing proportionately.
A Novel Polarization-Independent, Free-Space, Microwave Beam Splitter Utilizing an Inkjet-Printed, 2-D Array Frequency Selective Surface

This letter introduces the first beam splitter that acts on free-space, planar, microwave frequency waves below 80 GHz. The design utilizes a frequency selective surface (FSS) operating away from its normal frequency of operation. The FSS is constructed from an array of scalable printed patterns, which allows for the tenability of the FSS to any frequency that the fabrication method will allow. The basic operation of an FSS, the reasoning behind selecting the chosen unit element and fabrication, and a comparison of simulated and measured results are discussed in detail. An inkjet-printed prototype on a glossy paper substrate utilizing silver nanoparticles verifies the easy and scalable low-cost fabrication capability of the proposed topology.
Synergism between polyoma and inactivated Sendai virus in human astrocytes, fibroblasts and HeLa cells.

Replication of polyoma virus in normally-resistant human cells was induced by exposure of polyoma-adsorbed cells to the syncytiogenic activity of inactivated Sendai virus. While polyoma replicated to a similar extent in astrocytes, fibroblasts and HeLa cells, it produced a cytopathic effect only in the astrocytes. Others have found both paramyxovirus and papovavirus particles in cases of SSPE and have suggested that a synergism between the two viruses may account for this and other human diseases. Our data present an experimental analogy to this concept.
Relationships between reduced gases, nutrients, and fluorescence in surface waters off Baja California

Abstract Temperature, in vivo fluorescence, silicate, phosphate, dissolved hydrogen, and carbon monoxide were measured in surface waters while crossing the California Current system into San Diego. The measurements were made to define surface water variability and to help understand the causes of variations in H 2 and CO concentrations. Striking changes were observed crossing the current system, with the most dramatic effects occuring within 100 km of the coast. In an attempt to separate the effects of different water histories, the data were subdivided according to ‘water type,’ with four types identified on the basis of temperature. Relations between parameters were distinctly different in the different waters. Over the ‘oceanic’ part of the track all variables were relatively constant. Hydrogen was not correlated with CO or in vivo fluorescence except in the warm, coastal water, where the correlation between hydrogen and fluorescence was strong. Carbon monoxide showed a distinct daily cycle when data from different types were examined separately. The mean concentration of CO for each water type covaried with the mean in vivo fluorescence. Likewise the amplitude of daily CO variation was positively correlated with mean fluorescence. This lends support to the hypothesis that the CO abundance is related both to light intensity and to organic content of the water.
Sex-related differences in outer ring monodeiodination of thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine by rat liver homogenates.

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate possible sex-related differences in the peripheral outer ring deiodination of T4 to T3 in vitro by fresh liver homogenates. Hepatic T3 generation from T4 in female rats was similar to that observed in age-matched male rats from days 1-24. However, at 30 days of age, a significant decrease in T3 generation was observed in the female rat, becoming more pronounced with increasing age until puberty and then remaining approximately 50% of that observed in age-matched male rats through 90 days of age. In vitro addition of dithiothreitol, a thiol-protecting agent, did not affect these sex-related differences, suggesting a decrease in the 5′-deiodinating enzyme per se in the female rat rather than decreased concentrations of reducing cofactor(s). The sex-related differences in hepatic T4 to T3 conversion are related, at least in part, to sex steroids, since prepubertal castration at 20 days of age prevented these sex-related changes, and peripubertal castration at 4...
Imaging the pregnant patient with abdominal pain

Imaging of pregnant patients with non-obstetric abdominal pain is reviewed, with an accompanying pictorial essay of cases with concentration on magnetic resonance imaging. Non-obstetric causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients. The most common causes are appendicitis and cholecystitis. Other causes are myriad and include biliary, gastrointestinal, infectious, inflammatory, and malignant etiologies, among others. The approach to imaging in pregnant patient is unique, as it is imperative to minimize potentially harmful radiation exposures to the fetus. Ultrasound and MRI are the primary modalities for evaluation of the pregnant patient with abdominal pain. The use of intravenous contrast is discouraged, except in highly-selected patients where there is no other way to obtain vital diagnostic information. CT is still used as the mainstay of evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma and is commonly used for diagnosis of small bowel obstruction, stone disease, and work-up of malignancy during pregnancy. A discussion of test selection and underlying rationale is presented.
Probing Mechanical Regulation of Receptor Signaling Using a Hybrid Live Cell-Supported Membrane Synapse

Recent studies have shown that the spatial organization of cell surface receptors can exhibit regulatory control over their associated signal transduction pathways. The corollary that follows from this observation is that mechanical forces acting on ligands can influence receptor spatial organization and subsequent downstream signaling. Juxtacrine signaling configurations, in which receptor and ligand reside in apposed cell membranes, represent an important class of intercellular communication where physical restriction of ligand organization and movement is evident. Here, we reconstitute the juxtacrine signaling geometry using a hybrid synapse formed between a supported membrane displaying laterally mobile ligands that are natively membrane-anchored and live cells expressing cognate receptors for these ligands. Fluid membrane-tethered ligand presentation induces a global receptor reorganization phenotype. This phenotype is linked to the expression of a subset of proteomic and genomic biomarkers, which suggests an association with disease characteristics. Using nanopatterned substrates to impose mechanical barriers to lateral mobility, it is possible to restrict and guide this reorganization event. Mechanical perturbation of receptor transport within the cell membrane alters the cellular response to ligand, as observed by changes in cytoskeleton morphology and protease recruitment. Our results indicate that receptor reorganization may be a mechanism by which cells respond to the mechanical properties of their environment.
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane for oilseed extractions

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane has been evaluated as a nonflammable, low toxicity extractant in oilseeds in comparison with petroleum ether, cyclopentane, and carbon tetrachloride. Full fat and defatted soybean flake were analyzed for oil content, free fatty acid, and total fat. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane appears to be generally acceptable for oilseed analyses. Small, but statistically significant differences were found between solvents which were not explainable on the basis of physical parameters.