cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Circean transformation and the poetics of Milton’s Masque

ABSTRACTCirce’s presence in A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle (Comus) invites readers to read both Milton’s Circe and Milton’s own poetic activity through long and intertwined traditions of theology and literary commentary. Stretching from Augustine and Aquinas to the commentaries and translations of Homer and Ovid by Sponde, Sandys, and Chapman, these traditions use Circe to explore and conflate the possibility, the permanence, and the experience of both human and literary transformation. Taken up by Townshend and Jones in their Caroline court masque Tempe Restored, they become essential intertexts for Milton’s Masque. Milton embeds this discourse in his masque – a genre that places metamorphosis at the heart of its poetics – to examine the nature of Renaissance intertextuality and the authorial self and interrogate his own use of Renaissance practices of imitatio and aemulatio. In Comus’ wood, Circean transformation becomes a touchstone for the virtuous soul and the virtuous poet alike.
A Year to Learn it All: It Is the Basics.

![Figure][1] I periodically receive letters from fellows. This one expresses advice from a fellow doing advanced training in interventional cardiology. I feel it is worth sharing.—Spencer B. King III, MD ![Figure][1] A year to learn it all. Come July 1, it is the quintessence of
Fluence-induced reversal of saturable absorption in a ruthenium-based porphyrin

Experimental nonlinear absorption data obtained using the open-aperture Z-scan technique are presented for 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 17, 18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-porphine ruthenium (II) carbonyl in tetrahydrofuran. These data show saturation of nonlinear absorption dominating at low fluence but being overcome by induced absorption (reverse saturable absorption) at high fluence. Large-angle scattering measurements demonstrate that the induced absorption is real and not merely the result of scattering of light outside of the collection aperture of the detector by scattering centers induced at high fluence. A possible mechanism based on a four-band effective rate equation model is proposed. The model is used to accurately predict the results of Z scans taken at different pulse energies and to extract values for excited-state lifetimes and absorption cross sections from the experimental data.
The effect of ionospheric turbulence

In Chapter 3, we have shown that temporal dispersion of the propagation medium (Earth’s ionosphere) causes distortions of SAR images (see Section 3.8). Moreover, we have identified the key integral characteristics of the ionospheric plasma that allow one to quantify those distortions. They are the zeroth moment of the electron number density N e, i.e., the TEC N H given by (3.66), as well the first moment \(\mathcal{Q}\) of the azimuthal derivative of Ne defined by ( 3.182). We have also demonstrated that one can obtain the unknown quantities N H and \(\mathcal{Q}\) with the help of dual carrier probing (see Section 3.10) and subsequently incorporate them into the SAR matched filter in order to effectively eliminate the distortions (see Section 3.11). This correction of the filter is possible because one and the same pair of values \((N_{H},\mathcal{Q})\) “serves” all antenna signals used for the construction of the image, i.e., all the terms in the azimuthal sum. Once the values of N H and \(\mathcal{Q}\) have been derived, the corrected filter will match the received signals for all antenna positions along the synthetic array.
New Method for Assessing the Effect of Driving Distance to Hospital Care: Using OpenStreetMap Routing in Cardiovascular Research.

Geography is a key determinant of access to health care. Patient outcomes cannot be improved if novel therapeutic and preventive strategies cannot be delivered to patients in a timely and equitable fashion. We developed a new method to calculate driving distances to hospital care by integrating an open-source geographic database with a standard statistical software package to create a tool for outcomes research. We illustrate its application to cardiac care in Sweden; yet, the methodology is readily applicable to other geographical regions and other healthcare services. Time to reperfusion in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction affects patient outcomes, and so guidelines recommend reperfusion be achieved within 120 minutes of symptom onset.1 Delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been associated with worse outcomes also in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.2 Furthermore, large distance to a center providing cardiac care could not only impede acute care but might also reduce access to other services, such as follow-up with a cardiac specialist, advanced cardiac testing, and cardiac rehabilitation.3 Therefore, it would be of value to assess geographic barriers to cardiac care, and link this data to clinical and quality of care registries. We obtained map data for Sweden from the OpenStreetMap project (http://www.openstreetmap.org), set up a local OpenStreetMap Routing Machine (http://project-osrm.org),4 and programmed a custom R interface (code available in the Data Supplement) to obtain driving distance information from each zip code …
Moored observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the NW Atlantic: 2004-2014

A moored array spanning the continental slope southeast of Cape Cod sampled the equatorward-flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) for a 10-year period: May 2004 - May 2014. Daily profiles of subinertial velocity, temperature, salinity and neutral density are constructed for each mooring site and cross-line DWBC transport time series are derived for specified water mass layers. Time-averaged transports based on daily estimates of the flow and density fields in stream coordinates are contrasted with those derived from the Eulerian-mean flow field, modes of DWBC transport variability are investigated through compositing, and comparisons are made to transport estimates for other latitudes. Integrating the daily velocity estimates over the neutral density range of 27.8 - 28.125 kg/m3 (encompassing Labrador Sea and Overflow Water layers), a mean equatorward DWBC transport of 22.8 x 106 m3/s ± 1.9 x 106 m3/s is obtained. Notably, a statistically-significant trend of decreasing equatorward transport is observed in several of the DWBC components as well as the current as a whole. The largest linear change (a 4% decrease per year) is seen in the layer of Labrador Sea Water that was renewed by deep convection in the early 1990s whose transport fell from 9.0 x 106 m3/s at the beginning of the field program to 5.8 x 106 m3/s at its end. The corresponding linear fit to the combined Labrador Sea and Overflow Water DWBC transport decreases from 26.4 x 106 m3/s to 19.1 x 106 m3/s. In contrast, no long-term trend is observed in upper-ocean Slope Water transport. These trends are discussed in the context of decadal observations of the North Atlantic circulation, and subpolar air-sea interaction/water mass transformation.
Design of a stewart platform-inspired dexterous hand for 6-DOF within-hand manipulation

In this paper, we present a novel robotic hand specifically designed for dexterous spatial manipulation. Unlike most other dexterous hand designs that attempt to mimic the kinematic structure of the human hand, the proposed mechanism instead is based on the non-anthropomorphic “hexapod” structure of the Stewart platform parallel manipulator. The hand is composed of a single “grasp” actuator connected via an underactuated differential mechanism to six prismatic actuators arranged into pairs, forming three planar, parallel mechanism fingers that replicate the kinematics of a traditional 6-degree of freedom Stewart platform when grasping an object. This configuration allows for both grasping and accurate manipulation of a range of object sizes/shapes with minimal sensing. We describe the design and fabrication of a prototype hand that incorporates these kinematics and experimentally demonstrate it performing a series of accurate translational and rotational manipulations.
Actionable Email Intent Modeling With Reparametrized RNNs.

Emails in the workplace are often intentional calls to action for its recipients. We propose to annotate these emails for what action its recipient will take. We argue that our approach of action-based annotation is more scalable and theory-agnostic than traditional speech-act-based email intent annotation, while still carrying important semantic and pragmatic information. We show that our action-based annotation scheme achieves good inter-annotator agreement. We also show that we can leverage threaded messages from other domains, which exhibit comparable intents in their conversation, with domain adaptive RAINBOW (Recurrently AttentIve Neural Bag-Of-Words). On a collection of datasets consisting of IRC, Reddit, and email, our reparametrized RNNs outperform common multitask/multidomain approaches on several speech act related tasks. We also experiment with a minimally supervised scenario of email recipient action classification, and find the reparametrized RNNs learn a useful representation.
Simulation based multi-mission cutter scheduling evaluation for the United States coast guard

The United States Coast Guard (USCG) plans the world-wide operations of its ships, referred to as cutters. Rule-based decision making mechanisms, the primary planning tools, are aimed at ensuring adequate time inport for maintenance, stand-by, and generalized assignments for at-sea deployments to geographic regions. This approach is problematic. Stochastic events are becoming increasingly costly. In 2013, Coast Guard cutters suffered nearly four times the normally allocated amount of operational days lost to unplanned repairs. Additionally, the predominant metric used by schedulers is the amount of time a cutter is focused on a single, primary mission. The reality of multi-mission operations is that unplanned emergency missions often supersede planned, routine missions. Furthermore, mission results contribute to multiple strategic goals, though to varying extents based on geographic area. We propose a comprehensive multi-mission schedule evaluation mechanism that measures productivity, given limited Coast Guard resources, across a spectrum of current and future scenarios.
Molybdenum LII,III Edge Studies

X-ray absorption edge structure has proven quite useful in the study of first-row transition metals; Some of these applications are discussed elsewhere in this book. There have been fewer studies of edge structure for second-row transition metals, due in part to the fact that the K absorption edges for these metals occur at higher energy (>17keV). At higher energy, the monochromator energy bandpass and the intrinsic (core hole lifetime) broadening of the edge features both increase. These effects combine to give an effective resolution of, for example, 10 eV or worse at the Mo K edge. Low resolution thus hinders detailed studies of the edge structure of many important metalloproteins. These resolution degrading effects are less severe at lower energies, thus suggesting that edge structure which is unresolvable at the Mo K edge may be resolved at the L edges. An additional advantage of L edge spectroscopy is the ability to study both s and p symmetry initial states, thereby enhancing the electronic information which can be obtained.
Lance-Adams Syndrome Presenting as Orthostatic Myoclonus (P03.060)

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of Lance-Adams syndrome(LAS, or post-anoxic myoclonus) presenting as orthostatic myoclonus. BACKGROUND: LAS, a rare complication of hypoxic encephalopathy, usually occurs after resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest. The myoclonus appears a few days or weeks after resuscition, and usually manifests as action myoclonus. Myoclonic jerks in LAS are often triggered by action, startle and tactile stimulation, and occur without electroencephalography (EEG) correlate. LAS is thought to be due to a mixture of cortical and subcortical myoclonus. Orthostatic myoclonus consists of leg jerking on attaining the upright position, accompanied by short duration bursts in lower extremity surface electromyography (EMG) channels. It often contributes to gait dysfunction in the elderly. We describe a case of LAS presenting as orthostatic myoclonus. DESIGN/METHODS: A 54-year-old man was resuscitated after a cardiac arrest. He complained of jerking in his legs when he stood up or tried to walk. A polymyographic study using surface EMG electrodes was performed to evaluate multiple cranially and spinally innervated muscles, including upper and lower extremities. EEG-EMG correlation was performed with back-averaging, performed after triggering by the right quadriceps muscle jerks on standing. The patient had brief duration EMG bursts only in the lower extremity channels, only while standing and attempting to walk, but not while sitting or reclining. These bursts were not accentuated by audiogenic or somatosensory reflexes and there was no ballistic overflow myoclonus. RESULTS: The presence of EMG bursts on polymyography in the lower extremities only while standing or attempting to walk, and the absence of a time-locked cortical potential and Bereitschafspotential (slowly rising negative potential 1000-1500 msecs before the jerking movements) suggest that the orthostatic myoclonus is of subcortical origin. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this case of LAS presenting as orthostatic myoclonus is a novel observation. Disclosure: Dr. Salim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chokroverty has received personal compensation for activities with Elsevier and Cephalon, Inc. Dr. Chokroverty has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Sleep Medicine. Dr. Bhat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hanna has received personal compensation for activities with Teva, GSK and Lundbeck as an advisory board member or a speaker. Dr. Dekermenjian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gadallah has nothing to disclose.
K=O+ Excitations in Deformed Nuclei

New measurements of level lifetimes for members of Kπ = 0+ bands will be presented in three nuclei. Each case highlights a different characteristic of the Kπ = 0+ excitations.
SOLID-STATE C13-NMR STUDIES ON THE INITIAL STAGE OF COAL LIQUEFACTION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a solid-state C13-NMR study on the initial stage of coal liquefaction. Illinois #6 coal was used in this study. The coal was ground to under 200 mesh and was dried just before use. Hydrogenated anthracene oil (HAO) was used as a solvent. HAO was prepared by hydrogenation of anthracene oil with Ni–Mo catalyst at 15 MPa of hydrogen at 380°C for 2 h. The preheating reactor was constructed by six stainless steel pipes of 3 m length connected in a series. The temperature of each pipe was controlled by an individual heater. Six sampling vessels were connected to each pipe through sampling valves. The pipe reactor and sampling vessels were kept at a certain pressure by a regulating valve. In the conventional CP/MAS spectra, several spinning side-bands appeared, and one of them overlapped completely with the aliphatic bands in the spectrum obtained with 4 kHz spinning.
Enrichment zoning and control rod programming for reactivity and power shape control

An efficient optimization method has been developed that determines simultaneously beginning-of-cycle (BOC) enrichment distribution and the control rod programming in reactors that lose reactivity during burnup such that (a) reactor criticality and a desired power distribution are satisfied throughout the cycle and (b) all the control rods are withdrawn at end-of-cycle (EOC). The method uses (a) an iterative scheme of uncontrolled burnup calculations (and linear programming (LP) for more than two enrichment zones) to determine a good approximation of the EOC reactor composition that satisfies reactor criticality and the desired power distribution and (b) LP in a reversed burnup process starting from the EOC conditions to determine the control rod programming and the BOC enrichment distribution.
Myocardial fibrosis and its relation to adverse outcome in transposition of the great arteries with a systemic right ventricle

Abstract Background Myocardial dysfunction has been implicated in gradual heart failure in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with a systemic right ventricle (RV). Fibrosis can be assessed using the extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Our aim was to measure ECV and determine its associations with clinical findings and outcomes. Methods We prospectively measured ECV in systemic RV subjects (either D-loop after atrial switch or L-loop) and healthy controls. T1 measurements for a single mid-ventricular short-axis plane before and 3, 7, and 15 min after gadolinium contrast were used to quantify systemic ventricular ECV. Individuals with elevated ECV were compared to those without. Results In 53 TGA subjects (age 34.6 ± 10.3 years, 41% female) the mean ECV for the systemic RV (28.7 ± 4.4%) was significantly higher than the left ventricle in 22 controls (26.1 ± 2.8%, P = 0.0104). Those with an elevated ECV (n = 15, 28.3%) had a higher b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (P Conclusions Myocardial fibrosis is common in the systemic RV and associated with a higher BNP. Elevated CMR-derived ECV was associated with adverse clinical outcome. The findings suggest a role of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in clinical deterioration of the systemic RV.
Earthquake Damage Detection Using Before and After Earthquake Satellite Images

After experiencing many earthquakes all around the world, earthquake damage assessment has attracted a great deal of attention from both researchers and practitioners. Complexity and uncertainty in many practical problems require new methods and tools. Image processing is one of these tools that can be used as an efficient process for greater rewards. Implementation of image processing in earthquake damage detection after an earthquake allows rapid and accurate response. Using before and after event images makes damage inspection possible right after an earthquake occurs. In this paper, image processing and computer vision technologies were applied for earthquake damage detection. A city model was used for a representative damage detection process. In addition, satellite images before and after the March 11, 2011 Miyagi earthquake in Japan were used to detect earthquake damage. Visual damage inspection of structures was carried out considering urban areas comparing pre and post event images. Damage assessment using image differences gives a damage profile in the structural areas of residential buildings, highway bridges, and infrastructures. Such assessment can be used for immediate response by the rescue teams after an earthquake to locate the damaged urban surfaces.
Finding Our Common Humanity Amidst “The Fierce Urgency of Now”

In April 2018, the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, inspired by the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin and the Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg, opened in Montgomery, Alabama. Commemorating 4,400...
Complete response of metastatic melanoma in a patient with Crohn's disease simultaneously receiving anti-α4β7 and anti-PD1 antibodies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are increasingly being used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. The original studies that demonstrated the efficacy of ICPIs excluded patients actively being treated for autoimmune conditions, and there is only limited evidence that these treatments are safe and effective in this population of patients. We present a case of a man with Crohn’s disease actively requiring immunosuppressive therapy who subsequently received pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma. He had no further progression of metastatic disease and had resolution of his pulmonary nodule while he experienced no Crohn’s disease flares or immune related adverse events. We surveyed the existing literature for studies examining the use of ICPIs in patients with autoimmune disorders and reviewed the unique mechanism of action of the α4β7 inhibitor, vedolizumab. Patients with autoimmune conditions should be considered candidates for immune checkpoint inhibition even in the setting of active immunosuppressive therapy. The mechanism of action of immunosuppressive therapy should be considered with the most targeted form of treatment being used when possible. Further prospective studies investigating immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune conditions are warranted.
An $E$ -Band Power Amplifier With 26.3% PAE and 24-GHz Bandwidth in 22-nm FinFET CMOS

This paper presents the design and optimization of an $E$ -band power amplifier (PA) implemented in Intel’s 22FFL FinFET process. Layout optimization and characterization of the PA unit cell yielding optimal millimeter-wave (mmW) performance of the active device are described. A holistic optimization methodology is also presented which co-optimizes efficiency of the active devices and passive networks by incorporating passive losses earlier in the design process. The measured PA achieves a peak gain of 18.6 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 62–86 GHz (24 GHz). At 75 GHz, the measured $P_{\mathrm {sat}}$ , OP1dB, and peak power added efficiency (PAE) are +12.6 dBm, +5.7 dBm, and 26.3%, respectively. The PA can amplify a 6-Gb/s 16-QAM signal at an average $P_{\mathrm {out}}$ of +5 dBm with a PAE of 10% and −26-dB EVM(rms) and a 9-Gb/s 64-QAM signal at an average $P_{\mathrm {out}}$ of +1.3 dBm with a PAE of 5% and −28.3-dB EVM(rms). The compact layout of the PA yields a core area of 0.054 mm2, enabling compact integration.
Screening for depression: recommendations and rationale.

This statement summarizes the current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for screening for depression and the supporting scientific evidence and updates the 1996 USPSTF recommendations on this topic. At that time, the USPSTF concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine use of standardized questionnaires to screen for depression in primary care patients. The complete information on which the current statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available in the accompanying article in this issue and in the systematic evidence review on this topic, which can be obtained through the USPSTF Web site (http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstfix.htm) and in print through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Publications Clearinghouse (800-358-9295).
Non-operative Management of Complicated Appendicitis

This chapter explores the non-operative management of complicated appendicitis. There is currently no consensus on the best management of complicated appendicitis, including operative versus non-operative management and timing of surgery. Within non-operative management, potential areas of controversy include the identification of the correct patient in whom to pursue conservative management, the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy, whether or not to pursue percutaneous drainage placement for an abscess, and whether or not interval appendectomy should be performed to prevent recurrent appendicitis in the future. These topics will be explored, with the hopes of leaving the reader with clear treatment guidelines.
Full sequence of mutant huntingtin 3'-untranslated region and modulation of its gene regulatory activity by endogenous microRNA.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the first exon of the huntingtin gene (HTT). Since the entire course of the disease starts from this dominant gain-of-function mutation, lowering total or mutant huntingtin mRNA/protein has emerged as an appealing therapeutic strategy. We reasoned that endogenous mechanisms underlying HTT gene regulation may inform strategies to target the source of the disease. As part of our investigation to understand how the expression of HTT is controlled, we performed (1) complete sequencing analysis for mutant HTT 3′-UTR and (2) unbiased screening assays to identify naturally-occurring miRNAs that could lower the HTT mRNA levels. By sequencing HD families inheriting the major European mutant haplotype, we determined the full sequence of HTT 3′-UTRs of the most frequent mutant (i.e., hap.01) and normal (i.e., hap.08) haplotypes, revealing 5 sites with alternative alleles. In subsequent miRNA activity assays using the full-length hap.01 and hap.08 3′-UTR reporter vectors and follow-up validation experiments, hsa-miR-4324 and hsa-miR-4756-5p significantly reduced HTT 3′-UTR reporter activity and endogenous HTT protein levels. However, those miRNAs did not show strong haplotype-specific effects. Nevertheless, our data highlighting full sequences of HTT 3′-UTR haplotypes, effects of miRNAs on HTT levels, and potential interaction sites provide rationale and promising targets for total and mutant-specific HTT lowering intervention strategies using endogenous and artificial miRNAs, respectively.
Taming the noisy gradient: train deep neural networks with small batch sizes

Deep learning architectures are usually proposed with millions of parameters, resulting in a memory issue when training deep neural networks with stochastic gradient descent type methods using large batch sizes. However, training with small batch sizes tends to produce low quality solution due to the large variance of stochastic gradients. In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing a new framework for training deep neural network with small batches/noisy gradient. During optimization, our method iteratively applies a proximal type regularizer to make loss function strongly convex. Such regularizer stablizes the gradient, leading to better training performance. We prove that our algorithm achieves comparable convergence rate as vanilla SGD even with small batch size. Our framework is simple to implement and can be potentially combined with many existing optimization algorithms. Empirical results show that our method outperforms SGD and Adam when batch size is small. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/huiqu18/TRAlgorithm.
No intermodal interference effects of threatening information during concurrent audiovisual stimulation

Abstract Changes in attention can result in sensory processing trade-off effects, in which sensory cortical responses to attended stimuli are heightened and responses to competing distractors are attenuated. However, it is unclear if competition or facilitation effects will be observed at the level of sensory cortex when attending to competing stimuli in two modalities. The present study used electroencephalogram (EEG) and frequency-tagging to quantitatively assess auditory-visual interactions during sustained multimodal sensory stimulation. The emotional content of a 6.66 Hz rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) was manipulated to elicit well-established emotional attention effects, while a constant 63 dB tone with a 40.8 Hz modulation served as a concurrent auditory stimulus in two experiments. As a directed attention manipulation, participants were instructed to detect transient sound level events in the auditory stream in Experiment 1. To manipulate attention through threat anticipation, participants were instructed to expect an aversive noise burst after a higher 40.8 Hz modulated tone in Experiment 2. Each stimulus evoked reliable steady-state sensory cortical responses in all participants (n = 30) in both experiments. The visual cortical responses were modulated by the auditory detection task, but not by threat anticipation: Visual responses were smaller during auditory streams with a transient target as compared to uninterrupted auditory streams. Conversely, visual stimulus condition had no significant effects on auditory sensory cortical responses in either experiment. These results indicate that there is neither a competition nor facilitation effect of visual content on concurrent auditory sensory cortical processing. They further indicate that competition effects of auditory stream content on sustained visuocortical responses are limited to auditory target processing.
Fixed-Price Approximations to Optimal Efficiency in Bilateral Trade

This paper studies fixed-price mechanisms in bilateral trade with ex ante symmetric agents. We show that the optimal price is particularly simple: it is exactly equal to the mean of the agents' distribution. The optimal price guarantees a worst-case performance of at least 1/2 of the first-best gains from trade, regardless of the agents' distribution. We also show that the worst-case performance improves as the number of agents increases, and is robust to various extensions. Our results offer an explanation for the widespread use of fixed-price mechanisms for size discovery, such as in workup mechanisms and dark pools.
The effects of cocaine and heroin price on drug-related emergency department visits

This paper estimates the empirical relationship between cocaine and heroin prices and drug-related hospital ED admissions for 21 U.S. cities. These outcomes bypass some of the problems with self-reports and directly measure a component of healthcare costs associated with heavy drug usage. The price elasticity of the probability of a cocaine and heroin episode is estimated at -0.27 and -0.10, respectively. A 10% increase in prices can prevent 10,723 cocaine and heroin-related ED visits, with cost savings between 21 million dollars and 47 million dollars. These low magnitudes of the drug outcome-price response have implications for the cost-effectiveness of enforcement-driven price increases.
Bariatric Embolization: A Possible Non-surgical Option for Weight Reduction

Gastric arterial embolization has historically been used to treat gastrointestinal hemorrhage. After the discovery of the appetite-inducing hormone, ghrelin, gastric fundal embolization or bariatric embolization has gained importance for weight reduction. Although still in initial experimental stage, the only effective nonsurgical intervention for reduction of ghrelin is bariatric gastric embolization. Preliminary findings from early single-arm clinical trials have demonstrated that bariatric embolization results in significant decrease of plasma ghrelin levels and leads to weight loss. It is a safe, novel, promising technique that has the potential to be an alternative procedure to surgery for patients with body mass index between 30 and 40. Common side effects include transient epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and stomach ulcers.
The effects of access restrictions and communication strategies for divisive environmental management

Abstract In 2018, the U.S. National Park Service announced a controversial plan to translocate 20−30 gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Isle Royale National Park to increase genetic diversity and ultimately the dwindling wolf population. Media were restricted physical access during the translocations, citing safety concerns for the wolves and management team, as well as logistical challenges because of the remoteness of the park. Given these restrictions, we used interviews and quantitative analyses of news stories and press releases to examine what communication strategies the National Park Service and its partners deployed and how access restriction affected the way news outlets covered the events. By identifying source diversity groups, we found U.S. government sources were predominately featured with few other source types included, and that coverage heavily relied on press release information. We discuss the implications of this communication strategy and potential consequences for access restrictions when covering divisive events in remote locations.
The PH/MyTH4/FERM molecule MAX-1 inhibits UNC-5 activity in regulation of VD growth cone protrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans

UNC-6/Netrin is a secreted conserved guidance cue that regulates dorsal-ventral axon guidance of C. elegans and in the vertebral spinal cord. In the polarity/protrusion model of VD growth cone guidance away from ventrally-expressed UNC-6 (repulsion), UNC-6 first polarizes the growth cone via the UNC-5 receptor such that filopodial protrusions are biased dorsally. UNC-6 then regulates a balance of protrusion in the growth cone based upon this polarity. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion ventrally, and the UNC-6 receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates protrusion dorsally, resulting in net dorsal growth cone outgrowth. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion through the flavin monooxygenases FMO-1, 4, and 5 and possible actin destabilization, and inhibits pro-protrusive microtubule entry into the growth cone utilizing UNC-33/CRMP. The PH/MyTH4/FERM myosin-like protein was previously shown to act with UNC-5 in VD axon guidance utilizing axon guidance endpoint analysis. Here, we analyzed the effects of MAX-1 on VD growth cone morphology during outgrowth. We found that max-1 mutant growth cones were smaller and less protrusive than wild-type, the opposite of the unc-5 mutant phenotype. Furthermore, genetic interactions suggest that MAX-1 might normally inhibit UNC-5 activity, such that in a max-1 mutant growth cone, UNC-5 is overactive. Our results, combined with previous studies suggesting that MAX-1 might regulate UNC-5 levels in the cell or plasma membrane localization, suggest that MAX-1 attenuates UNC-5 signaling by regulating UNC-5 stability or trafficking. In summary, in the context of growth cone protrusion, MAX-1 inhibits UNC-5, demonstrating the mechanistic insight that can be gained by analyzing growth cones during outgrowth in addition to axon guidance endpoint analysis.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Childhood Obesity in the U.S.: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997

Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this paper employs difference-in-difference propensity score matching to examine whether the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) contributes to childhood obesity. We find no statistically significant SNAP effect among the 12- to 20-year-old participants when controlling for selection bias and more accurately defining the treatment and comparison groups. The results are robust to various robustness checks including redefining the treatment and comparison groups by excluding those who previously enrolled in the SNAP, using an alternative treatment definition based on SNAP benefits received, using different specifications of the propensity score equation, and employing different estimation techniques (covariate matching and inverse probability weighting). This study differs from previous research in the three major aspects. First, we carefully examine the intensity of SNAP participation (full-time vs. part-time) and the amount of SNAP benefits received for one-, two-, and three-year durations. Second, we focus on the change in the BMI or the obesity status rather than the level and control for the pre-treatment BMI to avoid the confounding effects of the time-invariant factors. Third, instead of making parametric assumptions on the outcomes, we employ a variety of semi-parametric estimators to control for the selection bias of program participation. The results show that the SNAP is not responsible for the higher prevalence of obesity among adolescents of low-income households. Proposed SNAP changes such as more frequent benefit distribution and a focus on fresh fruits and vegetables are likely to be ineffective in reducing childhood obesity, although they might encourage healthy dietary practices among SNAP participants.
Multicollinearity and Leverage in Mixture Experiments

The impact of leverage, influential observations, and multicollinearity in mixture experiments is discussed. By example, it is shown that consideration of these factors is important in the practical selection of a mixture design. Both standard simplex..
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY IN MICE.

cent of mi small right-arching aorta and widely patent leftarching ductus arteriosus; and diiatcd and hypertrophicd right ventricle and widely patent forarncan ovale. There were no valvular abnormalities. Ililatcral hydronephrosis and hydroureter with ma&cd inflammation of the renal parenchyma were present. There were no abnormalities of the central nervous system. The adrenals weighed only 2 grams. The internal grnitalia apprarcd normal. Histological examination sholvrd scvrrc’ bronchopneumonia and pyeloncphritis. The thyroid and adrenals wcrc not remarkable. Thionin stain of adrenal nuclei showed a normal fcmalr complement of sex chromatin. This case illustrates most of the featurrs of dc Lange’s syndrome. The facics is characteristic: and, once seen, is easily recognizable again. Gardiovascular anomalies are common and other varieties have included vrntricular septal defect and anomalous venous return. Gastrointestinal anomalies, also noted by Schlesinger and others’ include hiatus hernia, pyloric stenosis, malrotation, and reduplication. Low birth weight and mental and developmental retardation have h-n prominent features in all cases, though the agr and apparent prematurity of this infant prceluded an accurate asscssmcnt. This type of syndrome, consisting of a constant combination of anomalies, might be cxpetted to be associated with a chromosomal abnormality. However, in all the cases so far rcported the modal number of chromosomes was 46, and no morphological abnormalities were dctectcd except for an extra small fragment in 2 of Jervis and Stimson’s cascs.3 Schlesingrr and associates? described endocrine disorder as a prominent feature in their cnscs, but this is probably a manifestation of the syndrome rather than the primary cause. It may also be partly responsible for the retardation, susceptibility to infection, and early death M:hich occur SO frcqucntly with this syndrome. No positive family history of congenital abnormality or consanguinity has brrn rcportrd exccpt in 2 cases ,W it k unlikrly that it iq an Communications in brief 829
Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of the Alkaline Earths

Many aspects of the electronic structure of many-electron atoms are still not well understood. In many-electron atoms, the Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbit coupling effects between electrons strongly influence the nature of the electronic states. The one-electron picture, where each electron is viewed as moving in a well-defined orbit, independent of the motion of the other electrons, breaks down when these effects are strong enough. This has hindered efforts to identify and classify the states of many-electron atoms with one-electron labels. We have shown how multiphoton ionization spectroscopy provides us with new spectroscopic data allowing us to identify previously unknown states of alkaline earth atoms and how the Coulomb repulsion of the two outer electrons may be taken into account via a model based on multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT).
Cannabinoid receptor expression in femora and tibiae of C57/blk6 mice fed DHA and relationship to bone ash and BMC (1032.2)

Although the endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts in most peripheral tissues its biology remains largely unexplored in organs besides the brain. The ECS utilizes cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and lipid ligands derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including the n-3 PUFA. Given the current epidemic of osteoporosis we sought to examine the role of the ECS in bone. Male C57/blk6 mice were fed a semi-purified diet (AIN 93M) with either DHA (n-3 PUFA) containing lipid or control lipid for 118 d to assess changes in growth and skeletal metabolism. No difference was observed in body weight during the study. Mice femora and tibiae were collected at 62 and 118 d of the feeding study. DXA analysis showed a higher BMC per body weight in mice after 62 d of DHA feeding compared to the controls. Femora and tibiae ash weight was higher in the DHA fed mice at 118 d. At day 118, mice on both diets were found to have higher expression of CB1 than CB2 in subarticular chondrocytes in the femur and to a lesser ex...
Self-Evaluation of Expertise in Teaching Elementary Physical Education from Constructivist Perspectives

The Constructivist Teaching Practices Inventory in Elementary Physical Education (CTPI-EPE) was developed for the purpose of this study to assess teachers' expertise in constructivist-oriented physical education teaching. One hundred and eighty-three elementary physical education teachers completed the CTPI-EPE. Four subscales of the CTPI-EPE emerged from an exploratory factor analysis and were in line with major dimensions of constructivist-oriented teaching practices. The results established support for the reliability and validity of the CTPI-EPE that provided us with diagnostic information about identifying expertise in constructivist-oriented physical education teaching practices within the continuum from novice to expert teaching levels.
Quantum Field Theory

This book develops quantum field theory starting from its foundation in quantum mechanics. Quantum field theory is the basic theory of elementary particle physics. In recent years, many techniques have been developed which extend and clarify this theory. This book incorporates these modern methods, giving a thoroughly modern pedagogic account which starts from first principles. The path integral formulation is introduced right at the beginning. The method of dimensional continuation is employed to regulate and renormalize the theory. This facilitates the introduction of the concepts of the renormalization group at an early stage. The notion of spontaneous symmetry breakdown is also introduced early on by the example of superfluid helium. Topics in quantum electrodynamics are described which have an analog in quantum chromodynamics. Some novel techniques are employed, such as the use of dimensional continuation to compute the Lamb shift. Many problems are included.
Thornlessness in blackberries: a review.

Abstract There are several known sources of thornlessness for blackberries. Some of these have been used as parents and their genetics are quite well understood; others remain relatively unknown. The source and nature of thornlessness in blackberry has been reviewed by George Darrow (1937), Jack Hull (1968), and Derek Jennings (1986). In this paper we review the literature on thornlessness, discuss the status of the thornless parents discussed in these older reviews, and we also discuss more recent literature related to thornlessness, new sources of thornlessness, and the genetic basis of thornlessness.
The management of the critically ill child with dehydration secondary to diarrhea.

Diarrhea and vomiting, which so frequently complicate diarrheal diseases, occur in a variety of disorders affecting infants. Although enteric infections cause these symptoms more often than all other diseases combined, noninfectious causes may occasionally also occur. While each cause may have specific other effects, the discussion here will deliberately be limited to the management of the physiologic disturbances that accompany excessive loss of water and salts from tile gastrointestinal tract. Etiologic considerations, however important they may be, will not be further pursued. This emphasis is appropriate since survival following critical dehydration depends far more upon the correction of the physiologic disturbance than upon the removal of the cause. A critical stage in diarrheal disease may be defined as occurring when a volume of fluid equal in mass to about 10% of the body weight has been lost over a period of a day or two. Clinically, this usually occurs shortly after anorexia or vomiting has precluded oral intake. At this stage of illness, parenteral fluid therapy should be employed. Oral intake should be curtailed during the early hours of therapy. The use of milk or other foods high in calories and solute complicates management by markedly increasing stool water losses. Even if severe undernutrition coexists with tile diarrhea, the first 6 to 8 hours should be a period of brief starvation; the parenteral glucose will provide emergency calories. Although such routes of administration as intragastric drip and subcutaneous infusion have been employed successfully, their usage should be restricted to places where a deficiency of supplies or trained personnel interdicts the preferred parenteral route—continuous intravenous infusion.
LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION AND DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF YEAST

We studied the evolution of the correlation between growth rate r and yield K in experimental lineages of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we isolated a single clone every approximately 250 generations from each of eight populations selected in a glucose-limited medium for 5000 generations at approximately 6.6 population doublings per day (20 clones per line × 8 lines) and measured its growth rate and yield in a new, galactose-limited medium (with ∼1.3 doubling per day). For most lines, r on galactose increased throughout the 5000 generations of selection on glucose whereas K on galactose declined. Next, we selected these 160 glucose-adapted clones in the galactose environment for approximately 120 generations and measured changes in r and K in galactose. In general, growth rate increased and yield declined, and clones that initially grew slowly on galactose improved more than did faster clones. We found a negative correlation between r and K among clones both within each line and across all clones. We provide evidence that this relationship is not heritable and is a negative environmental correlation rather than a genetic trade-off.
Survival, Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub, Gila Cypha, in the Little Colorado River, Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpbackchub living inthe Little Colorado River, GrandCanyon, AZfrom2001–2002 and2009–2013.Wedivided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark-recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site-specific and year-specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river-wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary’s carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.