cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A MODEL TO ASSESS RISK, EQUITY AND EFFICIENCY IN FACILITY LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

Abstract In recent years there has been increased public and governmental concern regarding hazardous materials management, and a concomitant increase in activities associated with designing and using hazardous material management systems. To be effective these systems must consider the costs and risks associated with the transport of hazardous materials as well as those associated with the facilities that generate, process, or dispose of such materials. To date, most of the modeling literature has considered these two aspects of the problem separately, either addressing the location of facilities with respect to fixed transportation patterns or the routing of materials to or from facilities at fixed locations. These two aspects of the problem are closely interrelated, as facility locations directly influence the routing options available and available routes affect the location of potential facility sites. In this paper we propose a multiobjective model to assist decision makers in the location of facilities that handle hazardous materials, and in the routing of hazardous materials to these facilities. In the model costs are comparised of per unit transportation costs, and fixed and variable costs at facilities. Risks and equity are spatially determined and are addressed on both an aggregate level, through minisum objectives, and at the individual level, through minimax objectives.
Effects of exchange-correlation and surface strain on the subband separations in Si(111) surface inversion layers

It has been suggested that exchange-correlation enhancement of the effects of random uniaxial surface strains is responsible for the two fold valley degeneracy on most Si(111) samples. The random surface strains are assumed to decay exponentially away from the surface. The E10 subband separation is evaluated including the exchange-correlation effects, which depend on valley occupancy, and the effect of uniuxiul surface strain, which presumably is present only on two-valley samples. The E10 separation is always larger for the two valley samples because the occupied ground state is much more strongly affected by both surface strain and exchange-correlation than the excited subband.
Numerical Correction of HV Impulse Deformed by the Measuring System

High voltage impulse measuring systems give an output signal that is a deformed replica of the input signal. This paper presents a method of reconstructing the input signal from the deformed output. The method retains its validity even if the input impulse is shorter than the duration of the step function response.
The History Of Vaccines And Immunization: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges

Human beings have benefited from vaccines for more than two centuries. Yet the pathway to effective vaccines has been neither neat nor direct. This paper explores the history of vaccines and immunization, beginning with Edward Jenner’s creation of the world’s first vaccine for smallpox in the 1790s. We then demonstrate that many of the issues salient in Jenner’s era—such as the need for secure funding mechanisms, streamlined manufacturing and safety concerns, and deep-seated public fears of inoculating agents—have frequently reappeared and have often dominated vaccine policies. We suggest that historical awareness can help inform viable long-term solutions to contemporary problems with vaccine research, production, and supply.
Polyamine potentiation and inhibition of NMDA-mediated increases of intracellular free Ca2+ in cultured chick cortical neurons.

Abstract Polyamine potentiation and inhibition of N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated CA2+ changes was studied in cultured chick cortical neurons. Spermidine and spermine potentiated the effect of saturating concentrations of NMDA and glycine. No effect of spermidine or spermine was observed in the absence of NMDA or in the presence of either kainate or quisqualate. Similarly, antagonism of the NMDA receptor complex with dizocilpine (an open channel blocker), or with competitive antagonists to the NMDA or glycine binding sites greatly attenuated or completely abolished the combined effects of polyamines plus NMDA and glycine. N-Acetylspermine and N-acetylspermidine, in the presence or absence of NMDA and glycine, were without effect. These data strongly suggest that spermidine and spermine are potent and selective agonists at the polyamine binding site. Putrescine and diethylenetriamine were ineffective as antagonists of NMDA-mediated intracellular free Ca2+ increases in the presence or absence of added spermine or spermidine. Arcaine and 1,10-diaminodecane, however, antagonized NMDA-mediated intracellular free Ca2+ increases in the presence and absence of spermine and spermidine, and therefore appear to act either as inverse agonists at the polyamine binding site or as open channel blockers of the NMDA receptor.
Semaphorin 5A is a bifunctional axon guidance cue for axial motoneurons in vivo

Semaphorins are a large class of proteins that function throughout the nervous system to guide axons. It had previously been shown that Semaphorin 5A (Sema5A) was a bifunctional axon guidance cue for mammalian midbrain neurons. We found that zebrafish sema5A was expressed in myotomes during the period of motor axon outgrowth. To determine whether Sema5A functioned in motor axon guidance, we knocked down Sema5A, which resulted in two phenotypes: a delay in motor axon extension into the ventral myotome and aberrant branching of these motor axons. Both phenotypes were rescued by injection of full-length rat Sema5A mRNA. However, adding back RNA encoding the sema domain alone significantly rescued the branching phenotype in sema5A morphants. Conversely, adding back RNA encoding the thrombospondin repeat (TSR) domain alone into sema5A morphants exclusively rescued delay in ventral motor axon extension. Together, these data show that Sema5A is a bifunctional axon guidance cue for vertebrate motor axons in vivo. The TSR domain promotes growth of developing motor axons into the ventral myotome whereas the sema domain mediates repulsion and keeps these motor axons from branching into surrounding myotome regions.
METAPHORS OF MEDIATION IN SLOVENE EPITAPHS

The epitaph (in the meaning of 'a statement in verse'l) is still an important part of Slovene popular culture and the tradition to put up epitaphs in cemeteries in Slovenia continues in the 1980s, This paper is based on hundreds of epitaphs collected in some 98 cemeteries in Slovenia in 1983, The metaphoric language, including metaphors of medi­ ation, is an important component of many epitaphs and it is the purpose of this paper to show how such language may provide a possible clue to the human condition and how an analysis such as this may render the human situation more intelligible. D. Deshler suggests that metaphoric use is "'the stuff with which we make sense of our world"" and G. Lakoff and M. 10hnson characterize the "'essence of metaphor" as "understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another."J And, as far as linguistic pursuits go, 1.M. Sadock says that "the most important property of metaphor [is 1 its nonliteralness. "4 Epitaphs and tombstone inscriptions in general may also be viewed as being (if I may borrow and apply a phrase from 1. Fernandez) "at the center of the human condition'" because of the very fact that they refer to dying, and dying as we know is a transition from life to death, from culture to nature. that is, a cultural (and physical) being becomes a mere natural object. Death is thus the opposite of life. This opposition or contradiction, inherent in our mortality. cannot be resolved or overcome, for the dead do not return. 6 Nevertheless. this opposition between life and death may be mediated so that in the end death might be overcome. that is. it might be coped with more easily since after all as one person (1940-1973) put it. Nisem5vel, da bi umrl (TV)7 'I did not live in order to die.' This is done by metaphors of mediation. S Our discussion of metaphors of mediation will concentrate on two major aspects of this kind of symbolic activity in our epitaphs, namely. the use of nature or natural phenomena and, in turn. the use of place references (the case or orientational-spatial metaphoric formula. HAPPY is UP; SAD is DOWN). In the death-and-nature category. the following components of 'nature' appear to be especially common: flowers, gardens. valley. moun­ tains. and stars. Our first text or epitaph. i.e. a statement in verse. contains three such examples of metaphor:
An imperative sentence processor for voice interactive office applications

An imperative sentence processor that enables a user to manipulate text with connected speech and touch-graphics input is described. The processor includes capabilities to follow dialogue focus, execute a variety of imperative commands, and handle nested noun groups, pronouns, and other phenomena. A micromodel of the system, giving enough of the structure to enable the reader to observe internal mechanisms in considerable detail, is included. This processor is designed to be transportable to a number of other office automation domains such as calendar management, message-passing, and desk calculation. Various examples and statistics related to its behavior in the text manipulation application are given. The system has been implemented in PASCAL and can run on any machine that supports this language.
Clinical research sites--the underappreciated component of the clinical research system.

AS THE CULTURE OF MEDICINE MOVES TOWARD AN EVIdence-based learning health system, highquality research is needed to guide choices made by patients, physicians, administrators, and policy makers. However, the system responsible for generating that evidence in the United States is in crisis, as demonstrated by erosions of system efficiency, waning interest in clinical research among practitioners, and financial insolvency among participants in the clinical research enterprise. Recent efforts have aimed at improving research coordination and data analysis through centralized organization and application of technology, while leveraging databases and registries has achieved an exalted status in comparative effectiveness research. Less attention, however, has been paid to issues surrounding prospective research in the patient care setting, and the fundamental unit of clinical research—the clinical research site (CRS)—has been particularly neglected. Despite their vital contributions, CRSs are largely underappreciated in the clinical research enterprise, toiling in obscurity while others reap the rewards of their efforts.
Design considerations for the next-generation MAPMT-based monolithic scintillation camera

Multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) offer high spatial resolution with their small size anodes that may range from 64 to 1024 in number per tube. In order to increase detector size, MAPMT modules can be arranged in arrays and combined in a single modular scintillation camera. However, then the large number of channels that require amplification and digitization become practically not feasible unless signals are combined or reduced in some manner. Conventional approaches use resistive charge division readouts with a centroid algorithm (or a variant of it) for simplicity in the electronic circuitry implementation and fast execution. However, coupling signals from many anodes may cause significant information loss and limit achievable resolution. In this study, a new approach for optimizing readout-electronics design for MAPMTs based on an analysis of information content in the signals is presented. An adaptive read-out scheme to be used with maximum-likelihood estimation methods is proposed. This scheme achieves precision in estimating event parameters that is close to what is achieved by retaining all signals.
Quantum theory of perpendicular electrical conductivity in a thin metallic film

Abstract A quantum-mechanical calculation is given of the perpendicular electrical conductivity of a thin metallic film at infrared and optical frequencies. The method used is a simplified version of one given by Kawabata and Kubo for a small metallic sphere. We find that if the frequency satisfies ν F 2l ⪡ ω ⪡ E F h , where 2 l is the thickness of the film, then the conductivity is given by the standard free-electron result with relaxation time τ = 8l 3ν F .
Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli B mutant strain defective in uracil catabolism.

A reductive pathway of uracil catabolism was shown to be functioning in Escherichia coli B ATCC 11303 by virtue of thin-layer chromatographic and enzyme analyses. A mutant defective in uracil catabolism was isolated from this strain and subsequently characterized. The three enzyme activities associated with the reductive pathway of pyrimidine catabolism were detectable in the wild-type E. coli B cells, while the mutant strain was found to be deficient for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity. The dehydrogenase was shown to utilize NADPH as its nicotinamide cofactor. Growth of ATCC 11303 cells on uracil or glutamic acid instead of ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source increased the reductive pathway enzyme activities. The mutant strain exhibited increased catabolic enzyme activities after growth on ammonium sulfate or glutamic acid. Resume : La chromatographie en couche mince et des analyses enzymatiques ont confirme l'existence d'un sentier reducteur du catabolisme de l'uracile fonctionnel chez l' Escherichia coli B ATCC 11303. Un mutant defectif au niveau du catabolisme de l'uracile a ete isole a partir de cette souche et caracterise subsequemment. Les trois activites enzymatiques associees au sentier reducteur du catabolisme de la pyrimidine ont ete detectees dans des cellules d'E. coli de type sauvage alors que la souche mutante s'est revelee deficiente au niveau de l'activite dihydropyrimidine deshydrogenase. Cette deshydrogenase utilisait le NADPH comme son cofacteur nicotinamide. La croissance des cellules bacteriennes ATCC 11303 en presence d'uracile ou d'acide glutamique en remplacement du sulfate d'ammonium comme source d'azote a favorise les activites enzymatiques du sentier reducteur. La souche mutante a montre une augmentation des activites enzymatiques cataboliques apres croissance en presence de sulfate d'ammonium ou d'acide glutamique. Mots cles : catabolisme de l'uracile, dihydropyrimidine deshydrogenase, sentier reducteur, mutant, Escherichia coli. (Traduit par la Redaction) Notes 1109
Anxiety Disorders in Elderly Patients

tachycardia or tachypnea. Comorbid illnesses include depression, alcoholism, drug use, and multisystem disease. Behavioral strategies to address anxiety include an open discussion of the issue, an anxiety diary, psychosocial support, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Pharmacologic strategies include carefully monitored benzodiazepine, buspirone, or antidepressant therapy. Conclusions: Clinical trials of all anxiety interventions are needed for elderly primary care patients to clarify further whether findings from mixed-age population studies are generalizable to the elderly. (J Am Board Fam Pract 1997;10:280-9.) Caring for an anxious elderly patient can be a challenge for the primary care physician. The dis­ tress experienced by such patients can overwhelm already strained families, caregivers, and commu­ nity support systems. Accurately diagnosing the source of the anxiety and providing appropriate, effective treatment are critical for quality of life and health maintenance.
Chemosignals of Fear Enhance Cognitive Performance in Humans

It is well documented across phyla that animals experiencing stress and fear produce chemical warning signals that can lead to behavioral, endocrinological, and immunological changes in the recipient animals of the same species. Humans distinguish between fear and other emotional chemosignals based on olfactory cues. Here, we study the effect of human fear chemosignals on the speed and accuracy of cognitive performance. In a double-blind experiment, female participants performed a word-association task while smelling one of the three types of olfactory stimuli: fear sweat, neutral sweat, and control odor carrier. We found that the participants exposed to the fear condition performed more accurately and yet with no sacrifice for speed on meaningful word conditions than those under either the neutral or the control condition. At the same time, they performed slower on tasks that contained ambiguous content. Possible factors that could introduce bias, such as individual differences due to anxiety, verbal skills, and perceived qualities of the smells, were ruled out. Our results demonstrate that human fear chemosignals enhance cognitive performances in the recipient. We suggest that this effect originates from learned associations, including greater cautiousness and concomitant changes in cognitive strategies.
An Economic Defense of Disability Discrimination Law

Advocates for laws prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of disability most often aspire to protect the dignity and opportunity for personal fulfillment available to individuals with disabilities. However, concern for human dignity provides no stopping point, no indication of when it might be permissible to deny an employment opportunity to someone with a disability, perhaps even because of that person's disability. And yet, at an intuitive level, everyone seems to understand that the law must contain limits, qualifications, and exceptions. In short, disability discrimination is sometimes morally and politically legitimate. Existing economic arguments either offer no defense of the ADA's distinctive duty of reasonable accommodation or provide too little guidance about how far that duty should extend. Adapting an informal economic model of employee turnover that I have used in prior work, I show how incomplete and asymmetric information about disabling conditions can produce the labor market inefficiencies of mismatching, churning, and scarring. The model illuminates both the reasons for imposing a duty of accommodation and the circumstances in which that duty should be diminished or eliminated entirely. My analysis also provides new support for the conventional intuition that discrimination protection is most appropriate for characteristics beyond an individual's control. Finally, I show how current patterns of EEOC charges and ADA litigation provide some empirical confirmation that the framework is relevant.
Compliance‐Gaining Behavior: A Synthesis and Model*

(1967). Compliance-Gaining Behavior: A Synthesis and Model. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 317-328.
Episodic event deposits versus stratigraphic sequences—shall the twain never meet?

Abstract In the early half of the 20th century, questions were raised about different rates of deposition reflected in the stratigraphic record and of small gaps or diastems. Even more discussion centered upon rhythms and cycles of deposition—at one extreme were glacial varves and at the other were Carboniferous cyclothems. After World War II, interest in stratigraphic cycles declined. Then the turbidity current revolution stimulated interest in event deposits, which interest has surged again recently with a focus upon storm deposits. Meanwhile, the recent dramatic growth of sequence stratigraphy has rekindled interest in both cyclicity and eustasy. The two themes—events and cycles—should be better integrated, for there is considerable confusion about the interpretation of high-frequency sequences. There is also a need to reconcile the current fad for Milankovitch-related sedimentary cycles versus more or less random event deposits. The most familiar event deposits are turbidites in deep-water and tempestites in shallow-water environments. More subtle are the diastems, which include non-depositional surfaces as well as scoured surfaces. Other processes that can produce event deposits include avalanches and tsunamis. Potentially, any type of event deposit could be mistaken for a sequence boundary. For example, submarine megabreccias could be formed either by a seismic event unrelated to any sea level change, or by slope failure resulting from a eustatic fall associated with a sequence boundary. To surmount the intellectual barrier to alternate interpretations requires careful attention to processes, time resolution, and objective tests for periodicity.
Electrostatic Properties of Membrane Lipids Coupled to Metarhodopsin II Formation in Visual Transduction

Changes in lipid composition have recently been shown to exert appreciable influences on the activities of membrane-bound proteins and peptides. We tested the hypothesis that the conformational states of rhodopsin linked to visual signal transduction are related to biophysical properties of the membrane lipid bilayer. For bovine rhodopsin, the meta I−meta II conformational transition was studied in egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) recombinants versus the native rod outer segment (ROS) membranes by means of flash photolysis. Formation of metarhodopsin II was observed by the change in absorbance at 478 nm after a single actinic flash was delivered to the sample. The meta I/meta II ratio was investigated as a function of both temperature and pH. The data clearly demonstrated thermodynamic reversibility of the transition for both the egg PC recombinants and the native ROS membranes. A significant shift of the apparent pKa for the acid−base equilibrium to lower values was evident in the egg PC recombinant, with li...
Programming disturbance and cell scaling in phase change memory: For up to 16nm based 4F 2 cell

We focus here on the promising solutions to overcome thermal-induced erase failure of the unselected neighbor cell while a selected cell is being programmed to reset state with a high-current pulse. Our physical analysis directly demonstrate that this parasitic heating in Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 based cell leads to partial crystallization in the amorphous reset state and to a consequent resistance decrease with disturbing current. Systematic approaches compatible with disturbance-free are addressed to achieve a highly scalable architecture, which can provide the physical and electrical criteria for phase change memory (PCM) up to 16nm technology node.
Synchronous and metachronous thoracic aneurysms in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms

Objective Although the association of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is known, the exact magnitude of the association has not been described. Our goal was to quantify the incidence of TAA in patients with an AAA and assess predictive factors for its diagnosis. Methods This was a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with AAA from 2000-2008. The subsequent development or diagnosis of a TAA was noted and the association between AAA and TAA described. Results A total of 2196 patients with an AAA were reviewed. 1082 (49.3%) had a chest computed tomography (CT) during follow-up. 117 patients (10.8%) had a synchronous and 136 (12.6%) a metachronous TAA. Mean time to diagnosis was 2.3 years. Mean diameter was 4.7 ± 1.4 cm for AAA, and 4.7 ± 1.0 for TAA. Indications for the chest CT were variable. Most common were AAA (15%), pulmonary embolus (14%), and lung cancer (11%). Only 38% of AAAs and 14% of TAAs were repaired during the study period. Of all patients with known AAA who were found to have a TAA, 61/253 (24%) underwent repair, had a rupture, or had a TAA >5.5 cm. At a mean follow-up of 43.6 months, there were 79 deaths (7%): 7 AAA-related and 13 from TAA ruptures. Predictors of TAA diagnosis by logistic regression include African American race (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; P = .02), family history of TAA (OR = 7.6; P = .04), hypertension (OR = 1.7; P = .006), and obesity (OR = 1.7; P = .006). Diabetes, infrarenal AAA location, and smoking have a negative association. Conclusions TAAs are relatively common in patients with AAA. Routine or targeted screening with a chest CT at the time of AAA diagnosis may be indicated.
Sourcerer: mining and searching internet-scale software repositories

Large repositories of source code available over the Internet, or within large organizations, create new challenges and opportunities for data mining and statistical machine learning. Here we first develop Sourcerer, an infrastructure for the automated crawling, parsing, fingerprinting, and database storage of open source software on an Internet-scale. In one experiment, we gather 4,632 Java projects from SourceForge and Apache totaling over 38 million lines of code from 9,250 developers. Simple statistical analyses of the data first reveal robust power-law behavior for package, method call, and lexical containment distributions. We then develop and apply unsupervised, probabilistic, topic and author-topic (AT) models to automatically discover the topics embedded in the code and extract topic-word, document-topic, and AT distributions. In addition to serving as a convenient summary for program function and developer activities, these and other related distributions provide a statistical and information-theoretic basis for quantifying and analyzing source file similarity, developer similarity and competence, topic scattering, and document tangling, with direct applications to software engineering an software development staffing. Finally, by combining software textual content with structural information captured by our CodeRank approach, we are able to significantly improve software retrieval performance, increasing the area under the curve (AUC) retrieval metric to 0.92--- roughly 10---30% better than previous approaches based on text alone. A prototype of the system is available at: http://sourcerer.ics.uci.edu .
The role of attention in apraxic errors

L'A. etudie les effets de lesions cerebrales sur l'affectation des ressources mises en oeuvre lors de la production de parole en cas d'apraxie du langage. Il cherche a determiner quelles erreurs apraxiques sont liees a une deficience de l'affectation de ces ressources
Meta Analysis of Microarray Data Using Gene Regulation Pathways

Using microarray technology for genetic analysis in biological experiments requires computationally intensive tools to interpret results. The main objective here is to develop a ldquometa-analysisrdquo tool that enables researchers to ldquosprayrdquo microarray data over a network of relevant gene regulation relationships, extracted from a database of published gene regulatory pathway models. The consistency of the data from a microarray experiment is evaluated to determine if it agrees or contradicts with previous findings. The database is limited to ldquoactivaterdquo and ldquoinhibitrdquo gene regulatory relationships at this point and a heuristic graph based approach is developed for consistency checking. Predictions are made for the regulation of genes that were not a part of the microarray experiment, but are related to the experiment through regulatory relationships. This meta-analysis will not only highlight consistent findings but also pinpoint genes that were missed in earlier experiments and should be considered in subsequent analysis.
The Impact of Redistricting on Latino Education Policy A Texas Case Study

Redistricting, the redrawing of electoral district boundaries to reflect the latest population counts, occurs for most electoral districts after each decennial census. While normally a topic of concern mainly to politicians and politicos, redistricting can alter the opportunities for representation and policy alternatives. For a number of reasons, Latino representation at many electoral levels has lagged far behind Latino population percentages. Latino representation has been shown to increase Latino educational opportunities, access, and success. One higher education example of this is Texas’ top ten percent plan (TTP) spearheaded by Latino/a legislators. This plan has led to substantially increased Latino enrollments in Texas’ public universities.
Magnetic Resonance Probes of Cells

Over the past decade there has been a revolution in magnetic resonance. At present it is possible to study a wide variety of NMR parameters of intact, live cells, tissue, and in some cases, organs or specific regions of whole bodies. These studies are possible on a time scale that is biologically reasonable. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the methods, illustrated by selective examples, and a reasonably thorough, but by no means comprehensive, bibliography.
A fast panel method for potential flows about complex geometries

The panel method remains one of the most widespread and commonly used techniques for aerodynamic analysis and design. One of its most appealing properties is that no volumetric grid is required; only the bounding surface must be discretized. Compared to the generation of a good quality volumetric grid, construction of a surface mesh for a complex geometry constitutes a far simpler problem especially since the required geometric information is often already available in the form of CAD files and robust and efficient grid generation techniques for curved surfaces have been developed. Unfortunately, the simplicity afforded in grid generation and economy in the number of panel elements is offset by a quadratic growth in both CPU and storage costs with the number of panels which results from the fact that each panel exerts influence upon every other. This paper describes a novel 'fast panel' implementation which alleviates this computational burden. By combining hierarchical grouping techniques based upon octree structures and formal multipole/Taylor series expansion approximations, both storage and CPU costs are reduced to O(N). An iterative solution procedure is adopted (to minimize storage) in conjunction with the generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method to accelerate convergence. Examples of flows over complex geometries involving more than 104 panels are presented and shown to converge within several minutes on a Silicon Graphics Indigo work station.
Awa Surfers: Riding the syncretic dynamics of sound art and traditional Japanese indigo

Awa-ai is the indigo plant and dye made famous hundreds of years ago in Japan by the people living and working in the region now known as Tokushima Prefecture. This article explores the core concepts that link the aged traditions of indigo production, processing and dyeing with contemporary sound practice, and outlines the facets of a collaboration in which disparate fields not only coexisted, but used their technological and cultural differences to strengthen one another. Live field recordings, audio interviews and the sounds of Awa indigo production and practice were used in a large-scale, transcontinental installation which featured over 200 pieces of indigo-dyed cloth and multichannel, interactive sound. The collaborative nature of this project allowed the artists involved to understand and conceptualise their work in new ways, and can serve as an example for the ways in which syncretic exploration energises creative thinking and output.
Encephalopathy with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A 14-year-old girl with a 5-year history of hallucinations and depression and a diuagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is reported from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
The second-chance self: Transformation as the gift of life for maternal caregivers of transplant children

This paper examines the phenomenon of transformational growth in maternal caregivers of children who have undergone a kidney transplant. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven mothers of transplant children who shared narrative accounts of their lived experience. Through a phenomenological analysis of the interview data, the fundamental structure of positive growth in caregivers of transplant children was illuminated, revealing both themes of unresolved suffering and trauma and themes of posttraumatic growth and transformation.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid use disorder: A narrative review of conceptual models

Post-traumatic stress disorder is highly prevalent among individuals who suffer from opioid use disorder. Compared to individuals with opioid use disorder alone, those with post-traumatic stress disorder have a worse course of illness, occupational functioning, and physical health. The neurobiological pathways underlying each disorder overlap substantially, and there are multiple pathways through which these disorders may interact. This narrative review explores evidence underpinning 3 explanatory perspectives on comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid use disorder: The opioid susceptibility model (a.k.a.: the Self-Medication Hypothesis), the post-traumatic stress disorder susceptibility model, and the common factors model. Diagnostic implications, treatment implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Investigation of HIV and syphilis infection status and analysis of high risk sexual behavior-related influencing factors among MSM in VCT clinics

Objective To investigate the situation of HIV/syphilis infection and high risk sexual behaviors and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men(MSM)in VCT clinics.Methods Anonymous questionnaires were used to survey MSM who came to the HIV/AIDS VCT clinics from April to August in 2012.Blood samples of the MSM were collected to test antibodies against HIV and treponema pallidum.Results A total of 346qualified blood samples and questionnaires were collected,11.56%(40/346)of blood samples were positive for HIV antibody.16.48%(57/346)were positive for TPPA and7.23%(25/346)were positive for RPR.8.09%(28/346)never used condoms and 52.02%(180/346)used condoms occasionally during homosexual anal intercourses in recent 6months.Logistic regression analysis showed that people who had the first sex intercourse younger than 18years old(OR=2.544,95%CI:1.089~5.532)and people who had no HIV test in the past year(OR=71.431,95%CI:24.356~136.781)might have higher risk in unprotected anal sexual intercourses among MSM in last 6months.Conclusion High risk sexual behaviors are common among MSM.The infection rates of HIV and treponema pallidum in MSM are high.The techniques and methods of interventions for high risk sexual behaviors among MSM should be developed actively.Interventions should also be strengthened.
Increased adrenaline, beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation and phospholipid methylation in pineal gland of spontaneously hypertensive rats

1. In pineal glands of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (Okamoto strain), dopamine levels increased 34%, adrenaline concentrations increased 152% and noradrenaline levels decreased by 26%, when compared with Wistar-Kyoto normotensive controls. 2. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of an increased uptake of peripheral adrenaline resulting in increased release of noradrenaline from pineal sympathetic nerves in hypertensive rats. 3. The activity of pineal N-acetyltransferase was increased fourfold in hypertensive rats, indicating increased stimulation of pineal beta-adrenoreceptors. 4. Methylation of pineal membrane phospholipids was also increased (100-320%) in hypertensive rats. 5. These results indicate a correlation in vivo between increased beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation and increased methylation of membrane phospholipids in the rat pineal gland, which could result in changes in membrane fluidity and affect the coupling of the beta-adrenoreceptors to the adenylate cyclase.
A game-theoretic approach on resource allocation with colluding nodes in MANETs

Prevalent concerns with dynamic networks typically involve security. Especially with resource constraints in dynamic networks such as mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), security needs to be of particular consideration. In this paper, we first analyze the solution concept involved in optimizing resource allocation and data packet forwarding. In a MANET, the availability of having data packets forwarded may be insubstantial due to the presence of selfish nodes. Nodes may not want to participate in the network to preserve their own resources. We propose a packet-forwarding problem model with a negotiation game, where an arbitrator acts as a cluster head and initiates a bargaining game. Thereafter, we consider the possibility of having some group of nodes exhibit malicious behavior and collude to subvert the MANET. We investigate the problem by finding the optimal Nash Equilibrium (NE) strategies of the negotiation game. Then, we simulate the effect of the coalition of malicious nodes in a mobile environment. Simulation results support our model.
Mesh Generation and Update Strategies for Parallel Computation of 3D Flow Problems

Today’s parallel supercomputers are allowing engineers and scientists solve a wide range of complex, real-world problems at scales that were considered impossible only a few years ago [1]. The finite element method can be employed for 3D flow simulations with an accurate representation of the geometric complexities involved in the actual application, provided that the method is accompanied with a versatile and efficient geometric modeling and mesh generation capability. We have developed a preliminary version of a fully automatic, 3D mesh generation system [2]. The mesh generator is based on Delaunay-Voronoi methods and will be discussed in Section 2.
How Does Brand Age Influence Consumer Attitudes Toward a Firm’s Unethical Behavior?

While there is a significant amount of research investigating the impact of firm’s unethical behaviors on consumers’ attitudes, limited amount examines the effect of brand age, which is a potential powerful contributor to consumers’ brand evaluations, on consumers’ attitudes to firm’s unethical behaviors. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the effect of brand age on consumers’ perceptions of the brand (e.g., brand personality) and its impact on consumers’ attitudes toward firm’s unethical behaviors.
The biological response of human skin tissue to low dose ionizing radiation - from a metabolomic perspective

U how human organs respond to ionizing radiation (IR) at a systems biology level and identifying biomarkers for IR exp.physiological responses to low dose IR at the metabolite level, which represents the end-point of biochemical processes inside cells. Using a full thickness human skin tissue model and GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis, we examined the metabolic perturbations at three time points (3, 24 and 48 h) after exposure to 3, 10 and 200 cGy of X-rays. PLS-DA score plots revealed doseand time-dependent clustering between sham and irradiated groups. Importantly, delayed metabolic responses were observed at low dose IR. When compared with the high dose at 200 cGy, a comparable number of significantly changed metabolites were detected 48 h after exposure to low doses (3 and 10 cGy) of irradiation. Biochemical pathway analysis showed perturbations to DNA/RNA damage and repair, lipid and energy metabolisms, even at low doses of IR.
Classification of simulated radar imagery using lateral inhibition neural networks

The use of neural networks for the classification of simulated inverse synthetic aperture radar imagery is investigated. Symmetries of the artificial imagery make the use of localized moments a convenient preprocessing tool for the inputs to a neural network. A database of simulated targets was obtained by warping dynamical models to representative angles and generating images with differing target motions. Ordinary backward propagation (BP) and some variants of BP which incorporate lateral inhibition (LIBP) obtain a generalization rate of up to approximately 77% for novel data not used during training, a rate which is comparable to the mean level of classification accuracy that trained human observers obtained from the unprocessed simulated imagery. The authors also describe preliminary results for an unsupervised lateral inhibition network based on the BCM neuron. The feature vectors found by BCM are qualitatively different from those of BP and LIBP. >
Abstract P646: Vascular AT1 Angiotensin Receptors Regulate Sodium Transporter Abundance in Kidney Epithelium

Vasoconstriction is a signature physiological action of angiotensin II (AngII) acting via AT1 receptors (AT1R). In order to define the contribution of AT1R in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to BP control, we generated mice with cell-specific deletion of AT1AR from VSMCs (SMKOs) using Cre-loxp technology. Baseline BP was reduced by ~7 mmHg and responses to AngII-induced hypertension were significantly blunted by in SMKO mice compared to controls (16 vs. 30 mm Hg change in BP from baseline after 4 wks AngII, P<0.02). Baseline renal blood flow (RBF) was higher, and renal vasoconstriction after Ang II was impaired in SMKOs. Moreover, SMKO mice displayed Na+ sensitivity and exaggerated natriuresis during chronic AngII infusion. To investigate the mechanism of the lower baseline BP and the enhanced natriuresis during AngII infusion (1000ng/kg/min for 5 days), we measured a panel of key Na+ transporters in the kidney by immunoblot. Baseline measurements in SMKO vs. controls detected reductions in NKCC2 in both cortex (0.8±0.03 vs. 1±0.03; P=0.0002) and medulla (0.6±0.02 vs. 1±0.05; P<0.0001); medullary NHE3 was similarly reduced (0.6±0.07 vs. 1±0.07; P=0.002). In controls, AngII infusion was associated with reduced levels of cortical and medullary NHE3 and medullary NKCC, consistent with the pressure-natriuresis response, whereas cortical NKCC, NCC and ENaC were all significantly activated. By contrast, in SMKOs, there was no AngII infusion dependent depression in cortical or medullary NHE3, nor medullary NKCC. However, the extent of increase in activated (cleaved) αENaC was significantly less than controls (cortex: 1.46±0.16 vs. 2.58±0.17, P=0.002; medulla: 1.49±0.09 vs. 2.22±0.31, P=0.01). Yet, 24 hr urinary aldosterone excretion was not different between the groups (18.6±2.7 vs. 15.8±4.5 ng/24hrs). Our studies indicate that the lower baseline BP in SMKO mice is associated with reduced Na+ transporter abundance along the loop of Henle, and that attenuated hypertension and improved natriuresis during AngII infusion are associated with diminished ENaC activation. In conclusion, we suggest that vascular-epithelial cross-talk modulates renal Na+ handling and thereby contributes to control of BP at baseline and during hypertension.
The Spice Route between Africa and India: Human Rights, Sustainable Development and Tech-Transfer in Historical Alliance

As an introduction to the special issue, this essay covers a range of topics – from Mazrui’s historic essay on Gandhi and Nehru to Rumi and Wordsworth’s universal optimism and the role of education and technology in globalization. The historic and cultural relationship between Africa and India is examined, where several important themes are discussed: 1) the emphasis on human rights and social justice; 2) building sustainable development through literacy, education, tech-transfer, and cultural exchange; 3) journeys of loss and redemption between Africa, India and the West; and 4) the historic India-Africa summits.
A broadband microstrip array antenna with rectangular waveguide mode transition at millimeter-wave band

In this paper, a broadband microstrip array antenna with rectangular waveguide mode transition operating at lower E-band is proposed. The microstrip array antenna is corporate-feed structure configured by microstrip line with a mode transition from rectangular waveguide. Broadband operation can be achieved by using a slit in the transition and employing a set of feed point in the center of microstrip-line feeder which also results in fixed-beam radiation. Validity is confirmed by the evaluation of a fabricated antenna. This antenna is suitable for E-band applications such as mobile back-haul.
ROS1 Rearrangement in a Case of Classic Biphasic Pulmonary Blastoma

Classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma (CBPB) is a rare and aggressive type of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) presenting in adults in the fourth to fifth decade. The prognosis is poor and after surgical resection, therapeutic options are often limited. ROS1 is a proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase that has been identified in some types of NSCLC. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with CBPB, which was subsequently found to have a ROS1 rearrangement. This is the first reported case of a ROS1-rearranged CBPB. This finding has therapeutic implications as these tumors have the potential to be treated with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Selenium and Selenoproteins in Gut Inflammation—A Review

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by severe flares and remissions, is a debilitating condition. While the etiology is unknown, many immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells and innate lymphoid cells, are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous studies have shown the ability of micronutrient selenium (Se) and selenoproteins to impact inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, two transcription factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ, which are involved in the activation of immune cells, and are also implicated in various stages of inflammation and resolution, respectively, are impacted by Se status. Available therapies for IBD produce detrimental side effects, resulting in the need for alternative therapies. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of NF-κB and PPARγ in the activation of immune cells during IBD, and how Se and selenoproteins modulate effective resolution of inflammation to be considered as a promising alternative to treat IBD.
The AU and Continental Foreign Economic Policymaking in Africa: Institutions and Dialectics on Integration in the Global Economy

This chapter takes a critical look at the efforts by the African Union and the continent’s major economic institutions, namely the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the African Development Bank, and the New Economic Partnership for Africa’s Development, in formulating and implementing an effective foreign economic policy. The author argues that in its fifteen years of existence, the African Union has little to show for the economic performance of the continent due to its confused and incoherent foreign economic policy. Compounding the conundrum is the tense dialectic between the extent of economic integration that African states—and their institutions—should seek to adopt within the global political economy. The chapter concludes that the African Union needs to rethink the global integration template it is pursuing and realign it to the realities of the continent’s political economy, especially as it relates to autonomy and self-sufficiency.
The synthesis of14C‐ and3H‐labeled glycerol ethers

The racemic14C-and3H-labeled alpha and beta derivatives of octadecyl glycerol ether (batyl alcohol) and of hexadecyl glycerol ether (chimyl alcohol) of high specific activity were synthesized by treating the appropriate alkyl halides with a large excess of the potassium salts of isopropylidene or benzylidene glycerol. By use of the trifluoroacetic anhydride esterification procedure, the labeled diesters of alpha and beta octadecyl and hexadecyl glycerol ethers were prepared. The labeled monoesters of beta octadecyl and of beta hexadecyl glycerol ethers were isolated from the reaction mixtures by silicic acid column chromatography.
Raman Spectra of Cesium Aluminosilicate Waste Forms

Raman spectra have been obtained from pollucite and similar aluminosilicate materials. Pollucite is used to fix radioactive cesium in the supercalcine reactor waste form and in beneficial- use, radioactive sources. Vibrational modes of Cs in an oxygen atom cage are identified at 141 and 201 cm-1. Stretching vibrations of the Si-O bond are at 1120 cm-1 and of the Si-O-Al bond at 1040 cm-1. Fifteen of the 28 Raman active modes of crystalline pollucite have been distinguished. Monomeric water molecules are shown spectroscopically to exist in mineral pollucite. The use of Raman spectroscopy to identify structural changes is demonstrated.