cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Listening through Webs for/of Creole Improvisation: Weaving Music II as a Case Study

Our paper reflects on our experience with Weaving Music II—a web performance space we built with fifteen artists working across different disciplines. The website and our essay attempt to create alternatives to the “at-the-same-timeness” of streaming technologies as well as the forms of listening defined by data capitalism and corporate platforms like Google and YouTube. At the heart of the alternative practices we propose is an embrace of what we see as the creolizing potentiality of the Web and of listening. To unpack these potentialities, the essay and artwork critically reflect on listening that occurs through Afrofuturistic modes of engagement with technology, space and time. We consider the historical origins of Web improvisations, our approach to collaboration using Weaving Music II, and theories of information that move beyond the need for predefined codes of understanding.
Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided cannulation of AVF on infiltration rates: A single center quality improvement study.

Though ultrasonography is increasingly used throughout the spectrum of hemodialysis access, its role in outpatient dialysis units in the United States has been limited so far. This may, in part, be...
Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance

Biochar, wood vinegar, and poultry litter are waste streams that can be utilized as soil amendments and fertilizers. However, poultry litter releases several pollutants through nutrient leaching and carries heavy microbial loads, including potential human pathogens. Improving nutrient retention and reducing microbial load in poultry litter may help protect environmental and human health and improve its value as a soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to determine how blending varying proportions of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) biochar, wood vinegar, and poultry litter affected nutrient profiles and microbial abundance over time. Biochar inclusion rates were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, and wood vinegar was applied at 2% w/w. Samples were taken at Day 0, 57, and 112 to measure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, total fungi, and total bacteria. Nutrient levels generally decreased with increasing biochar level; however, biochar inclusion rates of 10% and 20% retained nitrogen and phosphorus and exhibited improved physical properties. Overall, adding wood vinegar decreased nutrient concentrations and showed a biocidal effect for bacteria and fungi. Bacteria and fungi showed different relationships with biochar inclusion rates, with fungi preferring higher biochar inclusion rates and bacteria flourishing at lower biochar inclusion rates.
Why a Game Canon for Game Studies Education Is Wrong

One of the most important parts of the design of any media literacy-related curriculum is deciding what to study. Which films should film students watch and understand? Which are the fundamental books a literature student should know? And games? What is the canonical list of games essential to a game studies education? Should we choose games that influenced game design and broadened our understanding of the medium? Or, should we pick those that were critically lauded over those that were commercially successful? A canon of video games for game studies education is an attractive idea. After all, the exemplars of a medium showcase the medium at its best, perhaps providing a yard stick against which we can compare all other games. However, there are also drawbacks in using canonical games for supporting games literacy. This chapter expands on prior research on the challenges of games education by discussing canonical lists of games and the negative impact they can have in educational settings. Each of the issues identified is described in the context of educational theory as well as relevant games research literature. The chapter concludes with an argument for the use of nontraditional, non-mass-market, noninfluential and, for the most part, unimportant video games in game studies education.
Fatal cryptococcosis presenting as hepatobiliary dysfunction in an ALL patient

Although current therapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children provide high cure rates, invasive fungal infections remain a significant source of mortality. We report a fatal case of cryptococcosis presenting as hepatic dysfunction in a patient with ALL and Down syndrome. Autopsy results confirmed Cryptococcus septicemia with involvement of lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. The severity of the fungal sepsis and underlying immunosuppression probably contributed to the unusual presentation and fatal outcome. This report highlights the need to consider cryptococcal infection as a cause of sepsis syndrome in immunocompromised patients when bacterial cultures are negative.
A Hawking-eye View of the Universe

In the world of Newton and Galileo, space and time were the flat, featureless canvas on which were painted the then-known celestial objects. Einstein's canvas was curved and it had bumps and wiggles caused by the presence of matter. During the past few decades, it is the canvas itself that has increasingly become the focus of study, as the dimensionality, shape, and nature of space and time have become intertwined with subatomic particles, black holes, and superstrings in a unified quest by physicists and cosmologists to understand the laws of physics and how the Universe came to be.
The Implications of The Sociopolitical Context on Arab Teachers in Hebrew Schools

The teaching of Arabic in Israel by a native speaker is unique; it has ramifications different from the teaching of, say, English by a native speaker. It is not just the nativity issue per se but, even more, the interaction between the native speaker and the status and role of the language in society in a given context. This paper investigates the extent to which language teachers from one ethnic group can integrate themselves into another ethnic group and still effectively teach their language. The paper describes how contextual variables impact the ability of the native language teacher to work in a nonnative educational network under conditions of cultural and political duress. In particular, the paper highlights the special circumstances confronting an Arab language teacher teaching Arabic in Israeli Hebrew schools, and the effects that this native teacher has on a learner's motivation to acquire the language in the first place. The teaching of Arabic in Israel by a native speaker is unique; it has ramifications different from the teaching of, say, English by a native speaker. It is not just the nativity issue per se but, even more, the interaction between the native speaker and the status and role of the language in society in a given context. This paper investigates the extent to which language teachers from one ethnic group can integrate themselves into another ethnic group and still effectively teach their language. The paper describes how contextual variables impact the ability of the native language teacher to work in a nonnative educational network under conditions of cultural and political duress. In particular, the paper highlights the special circumstances confronting an Arab language teacher teaching Arabic in Israeli Hebrew schools, and the effects that this native teacher has on a learner's motivation to acquire the language in the first place.
An embedded 90 nm SONOS nonvolatile memory utilizing hot electron programming and uniform tunnel erase

In this work, a new compact SONOS Flash EEPROM device with fast programming, high reliability, and uniform erase is demonstrated. This device has been embedded into a 90 nm high performance CMOS logic process with an advanced copper backend. This device utilizes hot electron injection for programming and uniform channel tunneling for erase. Uniform tunnel erase prevents residual electron build up over the channel and avoids the reliability concerns of hot hole erase. A single bit is stored in each nonvolatile memory transistor.
SIMD data communication algorithms for multiply twisted hypercubes

The paper explores the effectiveness of multiply-twisted hypercube networks for parallel computing by considering interprocessor communication problems. It presents SIMD parallel data broadcasting, census, and shortest path finding algorithms for multiply-twisted hypercube networks. The data broadcasting algorithms take ((n+1)/2) communication steps to broadcast a message from a processor to all other processors in Q/sub n//sup MT/ (an n-dimensional multiply-twisted hypercube and its graph). Each processor performs at most one receive operation to receive the broadcasted message from exactly one of its adjacent processors, and at most one send operation to send the broadcasted message to a subset of its adjacent processors. The data broadcasting algorithms can be easily converted into census algorithms with similar performance. Moreover, it is shown that the data broadcasting algorithms can be used to send a message from any processor P/sub i/ to any other processor P/sub j/ in a multiply-twisted hypercube in no more than L(i,j)+i communication steps, where L(i,j) is the length of the shortest path from P/sub i/ to P/sub j/. >
Primate Dentition: Dental eruption sequences

Dental eruption sequences are important indicators of life history patterns, are relatively robust to environmental disturbances, are useful for aging individuals, and have proved valuable in paleontological studies. In fact, Aristotle himself knew that tooth eruption could be used to estimate the age of an animal (Smith et al ., 1994). Smith et al . (1994) said it most succinctly when they wrote ‘that teeth are a linchpin between the present and the past.’ The paper by Smith et al . (1994) is the most thorough compendium so far available on the ages of dental eruption in extant primates. The dental eruption sequences of permanent teeth presented here include data from prosimians to the great apes and represents the work of many individuals for many years. With respect to tooth eruption, the first permanent tooth to erupt in all primates is the first molar; however, after that, the sequences differ among the taxa in various ways as seen in the data presented here. For example, the last tooth to erupt is extremely variable; it may be the third molar, a canine or even a premolar. Sources: Harvati, 2000 (colobines); Schultz, 1935 ( Hylobates and Pongo ); Smith et al . 1994 (prosimians, cercopithecines, platyrrhines, Pan and Gorilla ). Definitions, as used by Harvati (2000): brackets indicate any sequence polymorphism; the equal sign (=) between two teeth indicates that the two alternative sequences can occur an equal number of times; and the question mark indicates no data for that position.
Sympathetically Mediated Hypertension in Autonomic Failure

BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of patients with primary autonomic failure have supine hypertension. We investigated whether this supine hypertension could be driven by residual sympathetic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) or pure autonomic failure (PAF), we studied the effect of oral yohimbine on seated systolic blood pressure (SBP), the effect of ganglionic blockade (with trimethaphan) on supine SBP and plasma catecholamine levels, and the effect of alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor blockade (phentolamine) on supine SBP. The SBP response to yohimbine was greater in patients with MSA than in those with PAF (area under the curve, 2248+/-543 versus 467+/-209 mm Hg. min; P=0.022). MSA patients with a higher supine SBP had a greater response than those with a lower supine SBP (3874+/-809 versus 785+/-189 mm Hg. min; P=0. 0017); this relationship was not seen in PAF patients. MSA patients had a marked depressor response to low infusion rates of trimethaphan; the response in PAF patients was more variable. Plasma norepinephrine decreased in both groups, but heart rate did not change in either group. At 1 mg/min, trimethaphan decreased supine SBP by 67+/-8 and 12+/-6 mm Hg in MSA and PAF patients, respectively (P<0.0001). Cardiac index and total peripheral resistance decreased in MSA patients by 33.4+/-5.8% and 40.7+/-9.5%, respectively (P=0. 0015). Patients having a depressor response to trimethaphan also had a depressor response to phentolamine. In MSA patients, the pressor response to yohimbine and the decrease in SBP with 1 mg/min trimethaphan were correlated (r=0.98; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Residual sympathetic activity drives supine hypertension in MSA. It contributes to, but does not completely explain, supine hypertension in PAF.
Role of prostaglandin E2-dependent angiogenic switch in cyclooxygenase 2-induced breast cancer progression

Overexpression of human cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the mammary glands of transgenic mice induces tissue-specific tumorigenic transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not yet defined. Here we show that COX-2 expressed in the epithelial cell compartment regulates angiogenesis in the stromal tissues of the mammary gland. Microvessel density increased before visible tumor growth and exponentially during tumor progression. Inhibition of prostanoid synthesis with indomethacin strongly decreased microvessel density and inhibited tumor progression. Up-regulation of angiogenic regulatory genes in COX-2 transgenic mammary tissue was also potently inhibited by indomethacin treatment, suggesting that prostanoids released from COX-2-expressing mammary epithelial cells induce angiogenesis. G protein-coupled receptors for the major product, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) EP(1-4), are expressed during mammary gland development, and EP(1,2,4) receptors were up-regulated in tumor tissue. PGE(2) stimulated the expression angiogenic regulatory genes in mammary tumor cells isolated from COX-2 transgenic mice. Such cells are tumorigenic in nude mice; however, treatment with Celecoxib, a COX-2-specific inhibitor, reduced tumor growth and microvessel density. These results define COX-2-derived PGE(2) as a potent inducer of angiogenic switch during mammary cancer progression.
Patterns generated by mth-order Markov chains

We derive an expression for the expected time for a pattern to appear in higher-order Markov chains with and without a starting sequence. This yields a result for directly calculating, the first time one of a collection of patterns appears, in addition to the probability, for each pattern, that it is the first to appear.
Site dilution, random site exchange, and random-field distribution.

Ising antiferromagnets in a uniform field with either general random site exchange or site dilution are studied within mean-field theory. One identical equation of state is obtained for all these systems. The associated singularities are exactly mapped onto the multicritical space of the random-field Ising model with two \ensuremath{\delta} functions for the random-field distribution. A tricritical point is obtained.
Structure‐property predictions for new planar forms of carbon: Layered phases containing sp2 and sp atoms

Structure, thermodynamics, and electronic properties are predicted for a new low energy phase of carbon which contains planar sheets equally occupied by sp2 and sp carbon atoms. The isolated planar sheets have the same planar symmetry as do the layers in graphite (p6m) and can be formally viewed as resulting from the replacement of one‐third of the carbon–carbon bonds in graphite by –C 3/4 C– linkages. This material, called graphyne, is predicted to have a crystalline state formation energy of 12.4 kcal/mol carbon, which appears to be much lower than for any carbon phase which contains acetylenic groups as a major structural component. Based on the major structural reorganization required for graphitization and the observed high temperature stability of known model compounds, high temperature stability is predicted for graphyne. While graphyne will have similar mechanical properties as graphite, it is predicted to be a large bandgap semiconductor (Eg=1.2 eV) rather than a metal or semimetal. Based on this...
Costovertebral dysplasia in a patient with partial trisomy 22

A newborn female presented with costovertebral dysplasia (CVD), subtle facial anomalies, and neonatal respiratory distress. Her karyotype demonstrated a small supernumerary NOR-positive marker that was subsequently identified as del(22)(q11.2). This extra structurally abnormal chromosome was found by DNA microsatellite marker analyses to be derived from a paternal chromosome 22. The child has had severe growth and developmental delay along with pulmonary insufficiency and hypoxia but is presently stable at age 20 months. Findings in our patient correlate with similar observations in children with small markers derived from D/G and D/D translocations reported before banding technology was available. These reports and recent mapping results suggest that a pericentric gene family, distributed on one or more acrocentric chromosomes, may have played a role in the development of the human axial skeleton. Data from additional studies will be needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
Effect of Sex and Race on Outcome in Patients Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: An Analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database

Background Previous studies on the impact of race and sex on outcome in children undergoing cardiac operations were based on analyses of administrative claims data. This study uses clinical registry data to examine potential associations of sex and race with outcomes in congenital cardiac operations, including in-hospital mortality, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and complications. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS-CHSD) was queried for patients younger than 18 years undergoing cardiac operations from 2007 to 2009. Preoperative, operative, and outcome data were collected on 20,399 patients from 49 centers. In multivariable analysis, the association of race and sex with outcome was examined, adjusting for patient characteristics, operative risk (Society of Thoracic Surgeons–European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery [STAT] mortality category), and operating center. Results Median age at operation was 0.4 years (interquartile range 0.1−3.4 years), and 54.4% of patients were boys. Race/ethnicity included 54.9% white, 17.1% black, 16.4% Hispanic, and 11.7% "other." In adjusted analysis, black patients had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37−2.04; p p p p p Conclusions These data suggest that black children have higher mortality, a longer LOS, and an increased complication rate. Girls had outcomes similar to those of boys but with a shorter LOS of almost a day. Further study of potential causes underlying these race and sex differences is warranted.
Negotiating security among end users: concept and test in a simulation study for the public health service

Abstract Which security measures to use in a communicative relationship are situation-dependent and may be controversial among the partners. Tools supporting the definition and negotiation of these security measures are required. GMD has developed negotiation concepts for practical use in a simulation study for the public health service and has implemented them as a model solution. The prototype of a security manager has been installed on a `Personal Digital Assistant' which is connected to a mobile telephone. The security manager is embedded in a system enabling participants to define how and for whom to be available via their mobile telephone. Using the security manager, the caller can define security requirements on his/her Personal Digital Assistant which negotiates these requirements with the security manager of another participant. The practical test with doctors and members of the nursing personnel in the simulation study has proved the feasibility of this approach, but has also revealed a still existing imbalance in negotiating on end user level. Additional organizational and technical measures are required to solve this problem.
Adhesive bonding of RIM urethane

Abstract Two techniques for bonding reaction injection moulded urethane to itself and to other substrates are described. For in-mould bonding, details of substrate preparation, choice of adhesive and processing conditions are given. Where the geometry of the parts is complex, the structural bonding of individually moulded components has to be carried out: the development and properties of a two-part urethane adhesive designed for this purpose are detailed.
Race effects on students' track mobility in high school

Race effects on track mobility are hypothesized on the basis of racial differences in initial track placement, learning opportunities, course preferences, and academic guidance. Race differences in patterns of track mobility are observed in a large, longitudinal survey that follows students from ninth through twelfth grade. Initial track placements and changes in track over the school year and between school years are described. Multivariate analyses associate race with the likelihood of changing track and the direction of the track change. Black students are less likely than white students to move to Honors and advanced tracks in Mathematics but more likely than whites to move from the Basic to the Regular track in English. Black students are considerably more likely than whites to drop out of the tracking system in English and Mathematics, except for black students in Advanced English and in Honors and Advanced Mathematics. The results of this study point to tracking as an organizational characteristic of schools that can provide students with unequal access to the curriculum and, therefore, to learning opportunities by race. Close monitoring of track changes is recommended to insure that tracking promotes the academic achievement of all students.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Building and Operating Electric Power Plants in the Upper Colorado River Basin

As demand for electricity increases, investments into new generation capacity from renewable and nonrenewable sources should include assessment of global (climate) change consequences not just of the operational phase of the power plants but construction effects as well. In this paper, the global warming effect (GWE) associated with construction and operation of comparable hydroelectric, wind, solar, coal, and natural gas power plants is estimated for four time periods after construction. The assessment includes greenhouse gas emissions from construction, burning of fuels, flooded biomass decay in the reservoir, loss of net ecosystem production, and land use. The results indicate that a wind farm and a hydroelectric plant in an arid zone (such as the Glen Canyon in the Upper Colorado River Basin) appear to have lower GWE than other power plants. For the Glen Canyon hydroelectric plant, the upgrade 20 yr after the beginning of operation increased power capacity by 39% but resulted in a mere 1% of the CO2 e...
Competitive interactions and distributional dynamics in two Malagasy frogs

Ecological theory predicts that interspecific interactions can affect population and community dynamics. Two experiments were conducted on Mantidactylus bicalcaratus and M. punctatus, two sympatric frog species from Madagascar that live and breed in rain-forest plants (Pandanus spp.), to test for interspecific competition. The first experiment examined larval growth rates and survivorship with and without conspecifics. While survivorship did not differ among treatments, mean growth rates for M. bicalcaratus were significantly reduced in the presence of M. punctatus larvae. The second experiment manipulated the presence and density of adults in Pandanus plants. Emigration from and immigration to experimental plants tended to be higher and lower, respectively, for M. bicalcaratus in the presence of M. punctatus, but these differences were not significant. These results demonstrate asymmetric competition (at least as larvae) and indicate that M. punctatus is the superior competitor. Field data showed that M. bicalcaratus was found significantly more frequently in the absence of M. punctatus .A lso,M. bicalcaratus populations were significantly more likely to go locally extinct in the presence of M. punctatus. These data suggest that asymmetric competitive interactions are important influences on the dynamics of these populations.
Chaotic scattering from hydrogen atoms in a circularly polarized laser field

We investigate the classical dynamics of a hydrogen atom in a circularly polarized laser beam with finite radius. The spatial cutoff for the laser field allows us to use scattering processes to examine the laser-atom dynamics. We find that for certain field parameters, the delay times, the angular momentum, and the distance of closest approach of the scattered electron exhibit fractal behavior. This fractal behavior is a signature of chaos in the dynamics of the atom-field system.
Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta as an Unusual Cause of Asthma — An Anatomicopharmacologic Correlation

SINCE the course of acute dissecting aneurysm of the aorta has been dramatically altered by aggressive drug and surgical therapy,1 2 3 unrecognized complications may be unveiled. In the following c...
Language about Language: Notes On The New Hungarian Media Laws

Peter Sherwood taught at the University of London for 35 years before being appointed the first Laszlo Birinyi, Sr., Distinguished Professor of Hungarian Language and Culture in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2008. His main research interests are in linguistics but he has also published widely in the field of Hungarian culture, including translations from the Hungarian: most recently, essays by Bela Hamvas (Trees, 2006), a novel by Miklos Vamos (The Book of Fathers, 2006, 2009), and a short story by Dezső Kosztolanyi (http://asymptotejournal.com, 2011).
Immunohistochemical localization of FSH and LH in rat pituitary.

Abstract Antisera to ovine FSH, LH and their β-subunits were used to localize the cell types producing these hormones in the rat pituitary. With a single section dual immunoperoxidase staining technique, two separate cell types were observed for FSH and LH. 10% of the immunohistochemically identified gonadotropic cells were found to stain for FSH. The results obtained with anti-LH and anti-FSH correspond well with those obtained with anti-β-LH and anti-β-FSH. Two separate cell types could be demonstrated for β-LH and β-TSH, although these two hormones partially cross-reacted with each other.
Electrical stimulation of insular cortex elicits cardiac inhibition but insular lesions do not abolish conditioned bradycardia in rabbits

Conscious rabbits received electrical stimulation of insular and more posterior perirhinal cortex through chronically implanted electrodes. Active sites for cardiovascular responses were found in both anterior and posterior insular cortex as well as more posterior perirhinal regions. Although differential response topographies occurred related to anterior versus posterior insular cortex, all heart rate responses consisted of bradycardia. Pharmacological manipulations revealed that this bradycardia was due to a combination of vagal and sympatho-inhibitory mechanisms. Some posterior sites yielded pressor responses, and bradycardia which was sensitive to phentolamine, suggesting that the bradycardia in these instances was due to activation of the baroreceptor reflex. All other blood pressure changes were depressor responses. In a second experiment two different groups of rabbits with lesions of either anterior or posterior agranular insular cortex were compared with a third group of animals with sham lesions in a differential Pavlovian conditioning experiment. No lesion completely abolished the classically conditioned bradycardia associated with tone/shock contingencies. However, anterior insular lesions attenuated the magnitude of the conditioned bradycardia compared to the posterior and sham lesions. Control experiments suggested that this attenuation was due to the lesion's effects on the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association and not to its effects on unconditioned responding to the conditioned stimulus or unconditioned stimulus alone.
Can staccato and interrupted/fractionated uroflow patterns alone correctly identify the underlying lower urinary tract condition?

Purpose: Worldwide, uroflowmetry without simultaneous electromyography is often the only testing performed during the initial assessment of children with lower urinary tract symptoms. Various alterations in uroflow pattern are thought to indicate particular types of lower urinary tract conditions, specifically staccato uroflow indicating dysfunctional voiding and intermittent/fractionated uroflow indicating detrusor underactivity. We determined how reliable uroflow pattern alone is as a surrogate for simultaneously measured pelvic floor electromyography activity during voiding, and how well staccato and interrupted uroflow actually correlate with the diagnoses they are presumed to represent.Materials and Methods: We reviewed uroflow/electromyography studies performed during the initial evaluation of 388 consecutive neurologically and anatomically normal patients with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms. We identified those with staccato, interrupted/fractionated and mixed uroflow based on current Inte...
Organic spintronics : The case of Fe/Alq3/Co spin-valve devices

Abstract We have embarked on studying magneto-transport response of organic spin-valves made of evaporated Alq 3 spacer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes with spin-injecting capability. Recently, we have fabricated and completed studies on organic spin-valve devices using half-metallic manganites as one of the spin-injecting FM electrode, which have shown giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of up to 40% at 11 K. Also we found that the GMR response decreases at higher temperatures, and actually disappears at temperatures above ∼180 K, partially because the FM manganite loses its magnetic properties at ambient temperature. In order to realize room temperature organic spin-valve devices, we have begun studying spin-valve devices where both spin-injecting FM electrodes have high Curie temperatures, and thus maintain their magnetic properties at ambient temperature. In this paper we report our preliminary investigations of Fe/Alq 3 /Co spin-valves, where both electrodes are regular, d-band metallic FM's. We found that these devices show GMR with maximum of about 5% at 11 K. However, at elevated temperatures the GMR value steeply decreases, and in fact vanishes at 90 K. We attribute this decrease to the increase of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of the injected spin-1/2 carriers in the Alq 3 spacer at elevated temperatures, where there is also change in the spin carrier injection mechanism at the Fe/Alq 3 interface.
The Cost of Doing Business in Nursing Education

The production cost of delivering education to health profession students, with a special emphasis on the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree, is explored using a revenue-based approach. In spite of the national concern regarding the nursing shortage, there are surprisingly minimal data in the literature specific to analyzing the per nursing student cost that would be necessary to plan enrollment expansion. Models of cost analysis and findings for other health professions are discussed. Cost studies for baccalaureate nursing studies in the past are summarized. Existing data sets for nursing to consider using for the secondary purpose of evaluating per student/per year costs are available. The importance of understanding revenue generation is underscored, and an example is given for one school. Finally, costs of education are reframed as an economic investment with multiple benefits. In conclusion, recommendations are made to address the gap in information on costs to educate nursing students.
Planetary Motion and the Duality of Force Laws

Trajectories of Hooke's law in the complex plane, which are conic sections, are mapped onto trajectories of Newton's law of gravitation via the transformation $z \rightarrow z^2$. Newton's law of ellipses (objects attracted to a center by a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance travel in conic sections) follows from a geometric analysis of this map. An extension of this approach reveals a similar relation between more general pairs of power laws of centripetal attraction. The implications of these relations are discussed and a Matlab program is provided for their numerical study. This material is suitable for an undergraduate complex analysis class.
Factors Influencing Rumen Microbial Growth Rates and Yields: Effect of Amino Acid Additions to a Purified Diet with Nitrogen from Urea

Effects of isonitrogenous urea and amino acid additions upon microbial growth in rumen contents from a cow fed a purified diet in which urea was the sole nitrogen source were studied. Incorporation of amino acids into microbial cells, volatile fatty acids, and carbon dioxide was estimated. Rates of microbial growth, volatile fatty acid production, and effects of amino acids upon microbial nitrogen yields were highest right after feeding and decreased with time after feeding. Microbial growth and amounts of amino acids incorporated into microbial cells, volatile fatty acids and carbon dioxide were related closely to quantity of starch remaining in the rumen. High amounts of starch increased microbial protein synthesis from carbon-14 labeled amino acids and reduced amounts of amino acid fermentation. Estimated microbial protein yields per day were 326.0, 444.4, 497.3, and 527.3 g when 0, 15, 30, and 45 mg amino acid nitrogen replaced urea nitrogen during incubation. Respective values for microbial cells per mole estimated adenosine triphosphate were 15.2, 19.2, 21.0, and 24.5. Microbial cell yields per kg carbohydrate digested were 139.0, 189.5, 212.0, and 224.8 g for 0, 15, 30, and 45 mg amino acid nitrogen. Addition of small amounts of amino acids to a diet containing urea as the sole nitrogen source improved considerably rumen microbial protein yields.
Particle flow for nonlinear filters with log-homotopy

We describe a new nonlinear filter that is vastly superior to the classic particle filter. In particular, the computational complexity of the new filter is many orders of magnitude less than the classic particle filter with optimal estimation accuracy for problems with dimension greater than 2 or 3. We consider nonlinear estimation problems with dimensions varying from 1 to 20 that are smooth and fully coupled (i.e. dense not sparse). The new filter implements Bayes' rule using particle flow rather than with a pointwise multiplication of two functions; this avoids one of the fundamental and well known problems in particle filters, namely "particle collapse" as a result of Bayes' rule. We use a log-homotopy to derive the ODE that describes particle flow. This paper was written for normal engineers, who do not have homotopy for breakfast.
Obamacare: an ethical analysis of his leadership and the health reform initiative

Purpose – This paper aims to explore President Obama's leadership style during passage of this major and controversial piece of legislation. Specifically it addresses the historical development of healthcare reform in the USA, and provides an ethical analysis of President Obama's leadership in pursuing the health reform initiative.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the literature, speeches, and application of leadership and ethical theory, an analysis was done of President Obama's leadership and ethical approach to healthcare reform.Findings – This analysis revealed that Obama's behavior was consistent with the full‐range leadership model articulated by Bass and Avolio. Moreover, his personal and strategic ethical approach to promulgating healthcare reform incorporated both deontological and teleological ethical principles.Originality/value – This paper provides a current look at President Obama's leadership style and demonstrates how incorporating different ethical theories can result in ...
Carcinogens induce genetic tandem duplications in Salmonella

Abstract Extensive studies have shown that chemical carcinogenesis involves an initiation-promotion pattern, A gene amplification model of carcinogenesis predicts that initiation involves induction of a genetic tandem duplication. We use a system developed by Anderson and Roth to select for tandem duplication of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium by selection for resistance to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Evidence reported here shows that, consistent with prediction, 10 carcinogens are all active in inducing tandem duplications. Two toxic noncarcinogens show little or no activity under the conditions used in inducing tandem duplication but azide, a mutagenic noncarcinogen, did show some activity. 9 types of evidence now support the gene amplification initiation-promotion model of carcinogenesis.
Late skin changes following twice-weekly electron beam radiation to post-mastectomy chest walls.

We analyzed patients treated after mastectomy with 7-MeV electron beam. The fractions were delivered twice-weekly over a five-week period for a time-dose fractionation (TDF) of 82. We observed an unacceptable incidence of late skin changes in follow-up. The degree of late skin changes did not correlate with the acute toxicity. The reasons for the observed late changes are unclear. Several mechanisms may be responsible. It is possible the fractionation schedule contributed to the observed changes. We encourage institutions using large, infrequent fractions to analyze their material for late tissue damage.
Multiproject foundry fabrication of diffractive optics

A cost-effective way of producing prototype multi-level phase diffractive optical elements is discussed. It is based on combining multiple projects on a single wafer to spread the non- recurring engineering costs over many users thereby reducing the cost. In this paper we discuss issues of cost versus design that were encountered in a multi-project foundry offered by Honeywell.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optical Gyroscope Options: Principles and Challenges

Several alternatives to the Sagnac-based He-Ne ring laser gyroscope and the fiber interferometer gyroscope have been reviewed. Different CW and pulsed laser RLGs have been examined, as well as, various passive resonator approaches using external lasers. It was clear that much research needs to be done to make such alternatives viable.
Distribution of catecholamine neurons in the hypothalamus and preoptic region of mouse

The distribution and morphology of cells containing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were mapped by using the immunoperoxidase technique in the hypothalamus and preoptic area in two strains of mouse, CBA/J and BALB/cJ. On the basis of rostral-caudal contiguities between cell aggregates, hypothalamic preoptic neurons were subdivided into three arbitrary groups: (1) dorsal, (2) intermediate, and (3) ventral. New or more prominent collections of TH cells were observed, and in some regions, cells were more complexly organized than originally described. In the dorsal group, a rostral collection of small ovoid cells, previously not described, were located in the anterior preoptic nucleus (APN) of Loo ('31) and extended rostrally and ventrally into the preoptic periventricular gray. The next constituent occupied the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and was composed of two classes of cells: (1) a small ovoid cell within anterior and medial parvocellular PVN in contiguity rostrally with a similar cell in APN and (2) a larger, angular cell within and adjacent to the lateral PVN in contiguity caudally with cells in the zona incerta (ZI). Further caudally, a larger and more pleomorphic collection of TH neurons was localized in the medial ZI, particularly at midtuberal levels. These cells were not scattered, as previously reported, but were differentiated into two clear-cut densities, a larger medial island and a more elongated lateral island. Cells of ZI, both large and small, extended caudally into the dorsal hypothalamic and subparafascicular nuclei and periventricular gray. In contrast to previous descriptions, no cells were seen in the nucleus reuniens. In the intermediate group, the most rostral constituent occupied the preoptic periventricular gray, extended as far as the lamina terminalis, and merged dorsocaudally with cells in APN. While the variably shaped cells of the hypothalamic periventricular gray (PVG) were still present in the retrochiasmatic region, a striking absence of these cells was noted at midtuberal levels between the dorsomedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei. At this level, a new group of small-round TH cells, resembling those of the arcuate nucleus, was identified in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN). At caudal tuberal levels, similar neurons were found in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH). These neurons overflowed medially into the PVG and caudoventrally into the arcuate nucleus. In the ventral group, the most rostral constituent, composed of both small and ovoid cells in the retrochiasmatic area, appeared to represent the rostral commissural portion of the arcuate nucleus (Arc).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Quenching of anionic free radicals by normal and transformed cells: A probe of phenotypic changes

The ability of three cultured cell lines (NRK, 6M2, and 54-5A4) derived from rat kidney to quench a population of ascorbyl and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-semiquinone free radicals has been investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The radical scavenging action of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells was the weakest, that of 6M2 cells (reversibly transformed phenotype) was four times stronger than NRK, and that of 54-5A4 cells (irreversibly transformed mutants of 6M2) was 10 times greater than NRK. Free radical quenching experiments were also performed on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A much slower scavenging rate was observed for CHO cells of normal phenotype grown in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP than was found for cells of transformed phenotype grown in its absence. The free radical quenching kinetics of the various cell lines studied directly paralleled their state of transformation.
Risk and Resilience: Inter‐organizational Learning Following the Northridge Earthquake of 17 January 1994

This article examines the tension between anticipation and resilience as a means to reduce risk. I argue that information drives the processes of order and entropy within a complex, adaptive system, altering both the internal relationships between the parts and the whole and the external relationships between the system and its environment. I examine a set of four theoretical measures of complex, adaptive systems in a case study of the inter-organizational disaster response system that evolved following the Northridge, California Earthquake of 17 January 1994, and assess the extent to which these measures explain the dynamics of the ensuing disaster response system. Striking the balance between anticipation and resilience, order and chaos, requires a process of continual learning. If the ‘secret of safety lies in danger,’ structuring a process for continuous learning is a primary requirement for maintaining creativity and adaptation in practice.
Flame computer code for the axisymmetric interaction of a blast wavewith a shock layer on a blunt body.

A finite-difference method is developed for treating head-on, axisymmetric interactions of a blast wave and the shock layer in the nose region of a high-speed blunt body. The body may be of any blunt shape that can be represented by a connected series of straight-line segments. The FLAME (FLoating Axisymmetric MEsh) numerical procedure is based upon an acoustic modification of the finite-difference method of Godunov. A floating Eulerian mesh is attached to the bow shock and to the body and is periodically realigned to follow, in a Lagrangian fashion, the primary contact surface resulting from the blast-wave/bow-shock interaction. Comparisons with steady-state solutions show errors less than 5%, and comparisons with interaction data show errors less than 10%.
The NIST rapid irradiation and counting system

Apparatus is being developed for short irradiation and rapid counting at the NIST Reactor, optimized for accurate neutron activation analysis via activation products ranging in half-life from about 500 ms to 500 s. This facility is designed to irradiate a sample either in a well-thermalized neutron flux at 3·1013 n·cm−2·s−1, or in a higher flux with a larger fast and epithermal component. The design transfer time for a 1-ml rabbit is 500 ms, measured to 10 ms precision. Timing information for both irradiation and counting will be transferred automatically to the activation analysis workstation computer. The γ-ray spectrometer system is selected and tuned for accurate measurement at high and varying counting rates, using loss-free counting (LFC) technology. A detailed calibration and characterization of this system has been performed. Accurate measurement requires that attention be paid to the systematic and random errors to which LFC is subject, but this requirement is minor compared to the advantages of undistorted spectral shape, the ability to solve the decay equations exactly, and the wider useful range of counting rates in the spectrometer system.
Reliability Assessment and Management Lessons From Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina disclosed a wide variety of flaws and defects that were embedded in the flood protection system for the greater New Orleans area (NOFPS). One of the primary reasons for this catastrophe was failure in risk assessment and management (RAM). Based on results from several extensive forensic studies, this paper details how RAM failed. Critical limitations in current RAM methodologies and results intended to help rehabilitate and further develop the NOFPS are highlighted. Recommendations are advanced to address these limitations.Copyright © 2007 by ASME