cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Self-Presentations on Self-Appraisals and Behavior: The Power of Public Commitment

Strategic self presentations can have a far-reaching impact on an actor's identity. Subjects who presented themselves as sociable to an interviewer, compared with those who did not present themselves, later raised their self-appraisals of their own sociability, behaved more sociably (i.e., spoke sooner, more frequently, and longer) in a different situation, were viewed as more sociable by a confederate and by judges, and recalled personal experiences that indicated they were more sociable. Strategic self presentations thus produced both a phenomenological and a behavioral carry-over that influenced the actor's identity in a new situation with a new audience. Two further experiments explored the processes responsible for these effects and found that private self-reflection was not sufficient to produce the changes. Rather; public commitment to the identity portrayed in the self-presentation was a crucial antecedent of changes in self-appraisals.
Gas-phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzenes over silica-supported palladium and palladium–ytterbium

A 5% w/w palladium loading on silica has been achieved via impregnation of the support with Pd(C2H3O2)2 and { (DMF)10Yb2[Pd(CN)4]3} ∞ precursors to deliver monometallic (Pd/SiO2) and bimetallic (Yb–Pd/SiO2) catalyst systems respectively. The catalytic action of each has been assessed in the continuous gas-phase hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene (CB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) (T = 423 K, inlet chlorine/palladium mol ratio of 5 × 103 h−1) and the hydrogenation of benzene (T = 423 K, inlet C6H6/palladium mol ratio of 35 h−1). Activation of both catalysts delivered similar palladium crystallite size distributions with an average palladium diameter of 5–6 nm where the ytterbium component (in Yb–Pd/SiO2) was present as a thin surface coating. The Pd–Yb bimetallic exhibited significantly higher HDC and hydrogenation activities, the former manifested by significantly greater fractional dechlorinations and benzene selectivities/yields. Yb/SiO2 proved inactive in terms of promoting hydrogen scission or addition and the promotional effect of ytterbium in Yb–Pd/SiO2 is discussed in terms of electron donation and hydrogen transfer via surface YbH2. Under identical reaction conditions, a lower HDC activity was recorded for 1,2-DCB compared with CB, a response that is attributed to steric constraints allied to the deactivating effect of the second chlorine substituent. Both Pd/SiO2 and Yb–Pd/SiO2 exhibited a decline in HDC activity with time-on-stream, but the bimetallic was significantly more resistant to deactivation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fitness Costs Associated with Cry1Ac-Resistant Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A Factor Countering Selection for Resistance to Bt Cotton?

Abstract The heritability, stability, and fitness costs in a Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) colony (AR) were measured in the laboratory. In response to selection, heritability values for AR increased in generations 4–7 and decreased in generations 11–19. AR had significantly increased pupal mortality, a male-biased sex ratio, and lower mating success compared with the unselected parental strain (SC). AR males had significantly more mating costs compared with females. AR reared on untreated diet had significantly increased fitness costs compared with rearing on Cry1Ac treated diet. AR had significantly higher larval mortality, lower larval weight, longer larval developmental period, lower pupal weight, longer pupal duration, and higher number of morphologically abnormal adults compared with SC. Due to fitness costs after 27 generations of selection as described above, AR was crossed with a new susceptible colony (SC1), resulting in AR1. After just two generations of sele...
Mechanisms of xenobiotic receptor activation: Direct vs. indirect

The so-called xenobiotic receptors (XRs) have functionally evolved into cellular sensors for both endogenous and exogenous stimuli by regulating the transcription of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, as well as those involving energy homeostasis, cell proliferation, and/or immune responses. Unlike prototypical steroid hormone receptors, XRs are activated through both direct ligand-binding and ligand-independent (indirect) mechanisms by a plethora of structurally unrelated chemicals. This review covers research literature that discusses direct vs. indirect activation of XRs. A particular focus is centered on the signaling control of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We expect that this review will shed light on both the common and distinct mechanisms associated with activation of these three XRs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
The geometric phase controls ultracold chemistry

The geometric phase is shown to control the outcome of an ultracold chemical reaction. The control is a direct consequence of the sign change on the interference term between two scattering pathways (direct and looping), which contribute to the reactive collision process in the presence of a conical intersection (point of degeneracy between two Born–Oppenheimer electronic potential energy surfaces). The unique properties of the ultracold energy regime lead to an effective quantization of the scattering phase shift enabling maximum constructive or destructive interference between the two pathways. By taking the O+OH→H+O2 reaction as an illustrative example, it is shown that inclusion of the geometric phase modifies ultracold reaction rates by nearly two orders of magnitude. Interesting experimental control possibilities include the application of external electric and magnetic fields that might be used to exploit the geometric phase effect reported here and experimentally switch on or off the reactivity. Ultracold reactions can give insights into reactions dynamics in the quantum regime. Here, the authors show that the geometric phase can have a dramatic effect on ultracold reactions, enhancing or suppressing rates by nearly two orders of magnitude in the reaction studied.
Visual performance effects and user acceptance of the M43A1 aviation protective mask frontserts.

BACKGROUND: The initial M43 aviation protective mask was fielded without provisions for optical corrective devices. Contact lenses, an interim solution, were not entirely acceptable since a small segment of the population could not be fitted adequately with contacts. This study evaluated visual performance affects and user acceptance of the M43A1 mask with frontsert correction modifications. METHODS: The investigation was divided into three phases: 1) a helicopter simulator evaluation designed to experimentally test the suitability of the M43A1 frontserts, both in single vision and bifocal forms, for use in the aviation environment; 2) a static cockpit evaluation, designed to identify aircraft-specific problems with the frontsert system; and 3) an inflight evaluation to examine the stability and usability of the frontserts under actual flight conditions. The subjects were 30 U.S. Army aviators (28 men and 2 women). RESULTS: Objective data from flight simulation evaluations suggested there were no significant differences between flight performance with and without the mask, despite refractive status. Subjective data from static and flight evaluations reflected positive user acceptance of the new mask and frontserts. Problems may exist in smaller cockpits (OH-58 A/C, D), but evidence suggested that this may have been an artifact resulting from testing the mask while wearing protective body armor. CONCLUSIONS: Within the range of flight conditions and profiles examined, the M43A1 frontsert system meets U.S. Army aviation needs for optical correction when mission requirements dictate flying with chemical-biological protective masks. Language: en
Predominant Conformations of (2R,3R)-(−)-2,3-Butanediol

Vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra of (−)-2,3-butanediol have been measured in CS2 and CCl4 solutions in the 2000−900 cm-1 region. Experimental spectra obtained at different concentrations are compared with the ab initio predictions of absorption and circular dichroism spectra obtained with density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G* basis set for different conformers of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. The Boltzmann populations, obtained from Gibbs free energies, indicate the presence of 10 predominant conformations for isolated molecules. The conformational stability of (2R,3R)-(−)-2,3-butanediol in dilute solution is also investigated on the basis of calculations with self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) methods. The population-weighted theoretical spectra are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental spectra obtained at dilute concentrations. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in (2R,3R)-(−)-2,3-butanediol is observed in the dilute solution, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is ev...
Deep Electron Traps In Mbe Gaas On Si

Deep electron traps were investigated in MBE GaAs grown directly on Si substrates with orientations a few degrees off the axis. Capacitance Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (CDLTS) revealed the presence of eleven electron traps in the GaAs epilayer. Their activation energies ranged from 0.21 eV to 0.83 eV below the conduction band. Most of these traps were previously observed in homoepitaxial GaAs films grown under As-rich conditions (VPE, MBE), or in electron irradiated bulk GaAs. Trap concentrations tracked Si dopant density and MBE growth conditions. Observed deep levels are not introduced by metals or other contaminants present at the GaAs-Si interfaces. Rather, they are caused by defect complexes. These complexes involve native point defects, whose formation is favoured by As-rich environments, by lattice mismatch, and by different thermal expansion coefficients. Si dopant atoms may also participate in the formation of these defects. A similar deep level generation mechanism is proposed for the electron traps in homoepitaxial MBE GaAs layers.
Distinguishing Laser Induced Thermal and Photochemical Surface Reactions by Photodeposit Morphology

Cr containing deposits were formed by focussing a chopped (2000Hz) 325nm CW He-Cd laser on the inner surface of the quartz window of a cell containing 110-150 mTorr of Cr(C0)6 precursor. The deposit thickness and the chemical identity of contaminants were determined by stylus profilometry and attenuated total reflectance IR spectrometry. In certain regimes of incident laser power density, deposits exhibit a dual morphology, with a narrow inner deposit up to several microns in thickness on top of a wider deposit less than 0.16 microns in thickness. Changes in the morphology with incident power density and changes in transmitted and reflected light during the deposition enables assignment to photothermal and photochemical mechanisms. A deposition rate for each mechanism and an optical attenuation coefficient for the photochemical deposit at 325nm were determined from the deposit thicknesses as a function of time.
Short-term Peripheral Auditory Effects of Cranial Irradiation: A Mouse Model.

Objectives Assess postcranial irradiation: (1) short-term threshold shift, (2) short-term peripheral auditory histopathology, and (3) the mouse as an experimental model. Methods Adult mice were exposed to single-dose radiation of 10 to 60 Gy. Pre- and post-irradiation (baseline, 2-8 days) audiometric brainstem response data were recorded with analysis of cochlear ultrastructure. Results Significant threshold shift occurred at all test frequencies in mice exposed to ≥20 Gy at 4 to 6 days post-irradiation. Ultrastructurally in Rosenthal's canal and the spiral lamina, neuronal density and extracellular matrix decreased dramatically. There was overall preservation of hair cells, stria vascularis, and vasculature. No difference within Gy group was noted in the frequency or severity of pathology along the length of the cochlea. Conclusions The initial impact of radiation in the first week post-exposure focuses on spiral ganglion cell bodies and peripheral projections, resulting in significant threshold shift for irradiation dosages≥20 Gy. This study demonstrates that the mouse is a viable model for study of short-term peripheral auditory effects using single-dose cranial irradiation. Additionally, with access to a precise animal irradiator, the mouse may be used as an experimental model for a fractionated irradiation dosage of 10 Gy, simulating stereotactic therapeutic cranial irradiation.
Activation and Inhibition of the Nicotinic Receptor: Actions of Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine and Meproadifen

The acetylcholine receptor-ionic channnel complex (AChR) is a membrane bound glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 250,000 daltons (23, 26) that links chemical recognition to the opening of cation channels. The AChR extends from about 50 A on the extracellular side of the membrane and has a cytoplasmic tail of 15 A (19, 27). The clusters of these receptors at the muscle endplate assure transmission of the signal from the nerve terminal to the postsynaptic region on the muscle fiber such that the fiber ultimately contracts in response to nerve stimulation. A large number of studies on biochemical aspects of the nicotinic AChR have been undertaken as well as on primary structural, electronmicroscopic, neutron diffraction, and other analyses (see reviews 3, 4, 18 and 31).
Utilization of HIV-1 envelope V3 to identify X4- and R5-specific Tat and LTR sequence signatures.

HIV-1 entry is a receptor-mediated process directed by the interaction of the viral envelope with the host cell CD4 molecule and one of two co-receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. The amino acid sequence of the third variable (V3) loop of the HIV-1 envelope is highly predictive of co-receptor utilization preference during entry, and machine learning predictive algorithms have been developed to characterize sequences as CCR5-utilizing (R5) or CXCR4-utilizing (X4). It was hypothesized that while the V3 loop is predominantly responsible for determining co-receptor binding, additional components of the HIV-1 genome may contribute to overall viral tropism and display sequence signatures associated with co-receptor utilization. The accessory protein Tat and the HlV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) were analyzed with respect to genetic diversity and compared by Jensen–Shannon divergence which resulted in a correlation with both mean genetic diversity as well as the absolute difference in genetic diversity between R5- and X4-genome specific trends. As expected, the V3 domain of the gp120 protein was enriched with statistically divergent positions. Statistically divergent positions were also identified in Tat amino acid sequences within the transactivation and TAR-binding domains, and in nucleotide positions throughout the LTR. We further analyzed LTR sequences for putative transcription factor binding sites using the JASPAR transcription factor binding profile database and found several putative differences in transcription factor binding sites between R5 and X4 HIV-1 genomes, specifically identifying the C/EBP sites I and II, and Sp site III to differ with respect to sequence configuration for R5 and X4 LTRs. These observations support the hypothesis that co-receptor utilization coincides with specific genetic signatures in HIV-1 Tat and the LTR, likely due to differing transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and selective pressures applied within specific cellular targets during the course of productive HIV-1 infection.
Classification of Natural Types of Quercus variabilis in Shaanxi Province

Quercus variabilis is a kind of energy source trees which has a widespread distribution area and is also one of the major regional trees of the warm temperate zone below altitude 1 600 meters in China.The Q.variabilis populations in Shaanxi Province are different from each other at the forms and growths because of the diversity of the climate and soil conditions in the region.Through the proximity matrix of age,diameter,height,bark thickness,length of petiole and width of leaf,the bark thickness and length of petiole were chosen as the main indices.The natural types of Q.variabilis were divided into the long-petiole-thick-bark type,the short-petiole-thick-bark type,the long-petiole-thin-bark type and the short-petiole-thin-bark type.The short-petiole-thick-bark type was at a largest proportion within the populations.On the northern slope of Bashan Mountains and the Huanglong Mountains,the short-petiole-thick-bark type was at a large proportion and the long-petiole-thick-bark type was at a large proportion on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains.
Evaluation of an electrolyte leakage technique to predict St. Augustinegrass freezing tolerance

Stolons of 'Raleigh', 'Floratam', and FX-332 St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] were sampled from the field between October and March in two consecutive years to evaluate accuracy of an electrolyte leakage (EL) method for predicting freezing tolerance. Lethal temperatures of stolons estimated using EL were compared to those obtained by regrowth tests in the greenhouse. Mean lethal low temperatures for regrowth and EL methods over 12 sampling dates were 'Floratam', -4.5C (regrowth) vs. -4.4C (EL); FX-332, -4.2C (regrowth) vs. -4.9C (EL); and 'Raleigh', -6.0C (regrowth) vs. -5.4C (EL) [...]
Energy Payback Ratios and CO2 Emissions Associated with the UWMAK-I and ARIES-RS DT-Fusion Power Plants

The amount of electrical energy produced over the lifetime of the ARIES-RS and UWMAK-I DT-fusion power plants is compared to the total amount of energy required to procure the fuel, build, operate,...
Summability Matrices and Mean-Convex Sequences

This paper deals with matrix transformations preserving the meanconvexity of sequences. The main result gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for a non-negative matrix A to preserve the meanconvexity of sequences. Also, we state a property for such a matrix A to map a non-mean-convex sequence into a mean-convex sequence. Then we consider the case where a matrix A maps a mean-convex sequence into a convex sequence. Further, we discuss the mappings of mean-convex sequences by the Abel matrix and Borel matrix. Mathematics Subject Classification: 40C05, 40D05, 40G05
Pre-Release Piracy: New Uses of Feca

This article discusses the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act (FECA) and some of the recent FECA prosecutions.
In Automation We Trust? Identifying Varying Levels of Trust in Human and Automated Information Sources

Humans can easily find themselves in high cost situations where they must choose between suggestions made by an automated decision aid and a conflicting human decision aid. Previous research indica...
A FAMILY SERVICE IS ENACTED

Social Service policy has always had an intimate connection with programs designed to control and prevent crime and delinquency. Child protection services and preventive work with families are often supported on delinquency prevention grounds. This policy purpose figured prominently in the creation of the Children's Departments in 1948; it was the principal point of reference for the Ingleby Committee, and many government circulars since 1950 had been concerned about improving the relationship between the delinquency control agencies—the police, the magistrates' court, the probation service—and the Children's Departments. Whatever the organizational arrangement adopted, there will be severe problems of coordination and control from the top down. The fundamental unit in the Social Service Department has to be small—small groups of caseworkers working in a number of area offices. There will be real problems of communication, supervision, and the demands for local level flexibility between these small units and the large central office at the local authority level, especially because the top level administrators will not be professionally trained social workers whereas, hopefully, the line officers will be professionals.
An Integrated MSI Crosspoints Array

A 144 elements array of transistor crosspoints has been realized. It achieves low insertion loss and high dynamic breakdown using a conventional bipolar technology. The chip measures 4.3 × 4.1 mm2 and is mounted on a 76 pins substrate.
Policy Considerations regarding the Integration of Lusophone West African Immigrant Populations

On January 23, 2012, Resolution No. 3 enacted the National Immigration Strategy for the island nation of Cabo Verde, the first of its kind in the country. As a buffer nation to Western Europe with a rapidly developing economy and good governance indicators, Cabo Verde is transitioning from a sending and transit country to a receiving nation for African mainlanders, especially from Guinea-Bissau. How effective are these immigration policies at managing these changing mobility patterns? Are immigrants successfully integrating into host communities? How might integration be handled more effectively? This policy briefing reports integration successes and failures from ethnographic research and considers the effectiveness of Cabo Verde’s National Immigration Strategy based on these findings. Cabo Verde’s immigration policy targets structural reforms such as education, healthcare, and housing, while additional socio-cultural strategies encourage coexistence among neighbours. Three years out, our study observed positive effects, while also suggesting additional reforms.
On regression estimators for different stratified sampling schemes

Two types of stratified regression estimators for the population mean, the separate and the combined estimators, are investigated using stratified random sampling scheme (SSRS) and stratified ranke...
Nonlinear Shock Acceleration and Photon Production in Young Supernova Remnants

A number of young supernova remnants (SNRs) are now known to have nonthermal X-ray spectra. The steepness of the X-ray emission suggests that it is synchrotron from TeV electrons, and if this is the case, efficient shock acceleration is likely occurring in these objects. Here we use a model of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration to fit the broad-band emission from SN1006, Tycho’s, and Kepler’s SNRs. Our fits confirm that all of these SNRs are producing TeV particles, but also show that the electron and ion spectra do not extend as a power law above a few TeV, well below the cosmic ray `knee' at 1015 eV. Broad-band modeling also constrains emission in the EGRET energy range and these estimates are given by our models.
JC (Crawford, John)

With the widespread use of streptomycin to treat tuberculosis in the late 1940s, clinicians began to recognize the full clinical syndrome of acquired bilateral vestibulopathy. Some patients treated with streptomycin for tuberculosis developed severe ataxia and oscillopsia, the most notable being the evocatively written case of JC, anonymously reported by a physician in 1952. JC was John ‘Jack’ Douglas Crawford II (1920–2005), an identity that Crawford later acknowledged. Ever since then, this report has been acknowledged as the best clinical description of bilateral vestibulopathy from a patient's perspective and one that is not only inspirational but also a source of hope for similarly affected patients. Crawford overcame personal tragedy and his debilitating neurological condition, and had a highly successful and influential career as an academic pediatric endocrinologist.
Microscopical Properties of Fibers

Fibers are unique units of biological tissues, mineral habits, or spinning processes; examples include muscle and nerve fibers, wool, fur, hair, cotton, linen, natural silk, natural and regenerated cellulose, asbestos, spun silicate glass, and man-made polymeric fibers. Although fibers vary widely in chemical nature, they are physically alike, being much longer than wide, very strong for their small cross sections, and anisotropic. The microscopically determinative properties of fibers are both morphological and structural. The distinctive morphology of a fiber type includes sizes and shapes in both longitudinal and cross-sectional views.
A Saturated Approach to the Four-Phase, Brain-Based Simulation Framework for TeamSTEPPS® in a Pediatric Medicine Unit.

Introduction Although many organizations have reported successful outcomes as a result of Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS), implementation can be challenging, with its share of administrative obstacles and lack of research that shows observable change in practice. Methods This quantitative, pretest/posttest design pilot research used a combination of classroom simulation-based instruction and in situ simulation in a Pediatrics department in an urban academic center. All personnel with direct patient care responsibilities (n = 547) were trained in TeamSTEPPS in an 8-week period. TeamSTEPPS course knowledge scores were compared pretraining to posttraining using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The performance of two-day and overnight shift teams, pre- and postintervention was assessed using the TeamSTEPPS Team Performance Observation Tool. Results TeamSTEPPS course knowledge improved from the beginning of the course to completion with median scores of 16 and 19, respectively (P < 0.001). Both day and evening postintervention groups demonstrated greater team performance scores than their control counterparts. Specifically, postintervention day shift team showed the greatest improvement and demonstrated more TeamSTEPPS behaviors. Conclusion This pilot study involving 1 department in an urban hospital showed that TeamSTEPPS knowledge and performance could be improved to increase patient safety and reduce medical errors. However, teams need to be trained within a shorter period so they can apply a shared-model of teamwork and communication. Leaders and educators throughout the department must also reinforce the behaviors and include them in every education intervention.
Macro forecasting using alternative data

Abstract Traditional macroeconomic data used by economic agents to make decisions are noisy, lack richness, and are produced with considerable lag. This chapter explores how alternative, web-scale data sources (“big data”) can help. We present a case study using a common alternative data source, web search, to predict one of the most important data releases—nonfarm payrolls. We discuss the efficacy of various machine learning techniques, the live performance of alternative data prediction models, and the typical problems faced in practice.
Time-Series Analysis

A time series is a series of observations on a stochastic process. To analyze such a series it is necessary, first of all, to have a mathematical model — more or less well specified — which is thought to be appropriate for a description of the random process causing or underlying this sequence of observations.
Autoantibody clustering of lupus-associated pulmonary hypertension

Objective To define the SLE phenotype associated with pulmonary hypertension using multiple autoantibodies. Methods 207 (8%) patients with SLE with pulmonary hypertension, defined as a right ventricular systolic pressure greater than 40 mm Hg on transthoracic echocardiogram or as pulmonary artery dilatation on CT of the chest, were identified from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort (94.2% female; 56.5% African–American, 39% Caucasian; mean age 45.6 years). 53 patients were excluded from the clustering analysis due to incomplete autoantibody profiles. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm with Ward’s method was used to cluster the patients with pulmonary hypertension, based on their autoantibodies. Autoantibodies used in the clustering analysis included lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I, antidouble-stranded DNA, anti-Sm (anti-Smith), antiribonucleoprotein, false positive-rapid plasma reagin, anti-Ro, anti-La and hypocomplementaemia (C3 ever low or C4 ever low). The Dunn index was used to internally validate the clusters. Bootstrap resampling derived the mean Jaccard coefficient for each cluster. All analyses were performed in R V.3.6.1 using the packages cluster, fpc and gplots. Results A significantly higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in African–American patients with SLE, compared with Caucasian patients with SLE (11.5% vs 5.9%, p Conclusion SLE-associated pulmonary hypertension disproportionately affects African–American patients. Pulmonary hypertension in SLE is defined by five autoantibody clusters. Antiphospholipid antibodies, anti-Ro and anti-La positivity, serological activity, and age at pulmonary hypertension diagnosis significantly differed across clusters, possibly indicating different pathophysiological mechanisms.
PIDS: attribute decomposition for improved compression and query performance in columnar storage

We propose PIDS, Pattern Inference Decomposed Storage, an innovative storage method for decomposing string attributes in columnar stores. Using an unsupervised approach, PIDS identifies common patterns in string attributes from relational databases, and uses the discovered pattern to split each attribute into sub-attributes. First, by storing and encoding each sub-attribute individually, PIDS can achieve a compression ratio comparable to Snappy and Gzip. Second, by decomposing the attribute, PIDS can push down many query operators to sub-attributes, thereby minimizing I/O and potentially expensive comparison operations, resulting in the faster execution of query operators.
Salvage Free Tissue Transfer for Clival Osteoradionecrosis After Repeat Proton Beam Therapy

Background Craniocervical junction chordoma treated with surgery and Proton Beam Therapy evolved with Osteonecrosis and CSF leak. As the vascularization of the head was compromised, we harvested an Anterolateral thigh musculofascial flap to seal the leak. Case Description A 56-year-old man presented with a history of chronic headaches and dysarthria with tongue deviation to the right. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion at the craniocervical junction with imaging characteristics compatible with chordoma. Endoscopic endonasal resection was followed by proton beam therapy. Recurrence of the chordoma was subsequently resected via far lateral approach again followed by proton beam therapy accumulating a total dose of 75 Gy. Unfortunately, this led to osteoradionecrosis of the skull base resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak more than 1 year after treatment. After multiple failed attempts to seal the defect using local vascularized tissue and free fat grafts, the defect was reconstructed with a vastus lateralis free tissue transfer. Six weeks later, the flap had mucosalized, the patient was pain free, and there was no evidence of a CSF leak. Conclusions In select cases, vascularized free flaps offer a superior reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis because radiotherapy often compromises the blood supply of local tissues.
Orthopaedic and brain injuries over last 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL): number and effect on missed playing time

Objective To examine trends in number and seriousness of major injuries in the National Football League (NFL) over seasons 2010–2019 and the effect of rule changes to injuries to the leg, back, arm and head. Methods We calculated, from publicly available weekly injury reports, the number of players that were injured and playing time missed, that is, the number of weeks on average that an injured player had to sit out, as a function of injury to a specific body part. Using classical time series analysis techniques, we fitted injury data with linear and non-linear functions. Results The number of major injuries to the leg, back, arm and head has not declined over the last 10 years. During this time period, time missed because of injuries to the head has shown a significantly increasing trend. Rule changes designed specifically to protect arm or head have, respectively, succeeded in shortening the time that the injured player misses, but the impact lasts only over a single season. Conclusions Overall, our data support the argument that new, well-intentioned rules adopted every season by the NFL have been proven to be too weak to make the NFL game safer. Broad-based management of brain and orthopaedic injuries and adoption of preventative measures to reduce the number of players injured and the seriousness of their injuries are required in the modern NFL.
Thermodynamics of silica depolymerization with alcohols

Abstract Experimental and computational results describe the outlook for silica (polymeric SiO2) depolymerization with alcohols. The resonance energy of the Si-O-Si segment, calculated as 8.0 kcal/mol, or 16.0 kcal/mol of SiO2, explains the thermodynamic stability of silica. Acid-catalyzed alkylorthosilicate metathesis reactions between Si(OMe)4 and diols indicate silicon’s thermodynamic preference for diols because of favorable entropic chelation. Conversion to Si(OCH2CH2O)2 with ethylene glycol is 74.6% and conversion to Si(OCH2CH2CH2O)2 with 1,3-propanediol is 66.2%. The enthalpic stability of Si(OR)4 species correlates to two main factors: (1) the O-Si-O bond angle, with a compression force constant of kΘ-comp = 0.0315 (kcal/mol)(°)–2 and expansion force constant of kΘ-exp = 0.0167 (kcal/mol)(°)–2; and (2) the C-O-Si-O dihedral angle, dictated by stabilizing O n→ Si-O σ* anomeric interactions of 3.5 kcal/mol in the model compound Si(OMe)4. Computationally, silica depolymerization with methanol is never exergonic, but depolymerization with 1,3-propanediol, forming Si(OCH2CH2CH2O)2 and two equivalents of water, is exergonic above 99°C in water.
Regionalization of stage-discharge rating curves for hydrodynamic modeling in ungauged basins

Abstract Stage-discharge rating curves are empirical power functions that represent river dynamics by explaining the temporal variations of river discharge with respect to stage fluctuations. The widespread access to measured river discharge and stage at gauging stations in the United States provides a valuable opportunity to perform regionalization techniques and transfer this information to ungauged areas. In this study, a recently proposed regionalization framework that integrates the behavioral-based hierarchical clustering (BHC) with classification and aggregation, namely BHC-CA, is applied to 128 rating curves in the Arkansas-White-Red region to detect homogeneous river reach catchments with similar river dynamics. Additionally, the performance of the BHC, compared to commonly used attribute-based hierarchical clustering (AHC) algorithms, is tested. The BHC-CA framework divides the entire study area into three homogeneous clusters, creates three regional rating curves and finds a logistic regression with 7 physical/climatic attributes as the best classifier for transferring regional rating curves to ungauged catchments. Results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the BHC and its usefulness as an alternative clustering algorithm for the regionalization of environmental model problems.
Comparison of Patients' and Surgeons' Expectations in Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Background:Aligning patient and surgeon expectations may improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. This study aimed to assess differences in expectations of foot and ankle surgery between patients...
Breast implant illness: a topic in review

Recently, the term breast implant illness has become popularized in social media to describe a constellation of symptoms which have been attributed to a patient's breast implants. These symptoms include fatigue, chest pain, hair loss, headaches, chills, photosensitivity, rash, and chronic pain amongst others. While physicians aim to treat these physical symptoms, currently the evidence supports the safety of silicone breast implants. This article entitled "Breast implant illness: a topic in review" presents an up-to-date review focusing on the safety of silicone breast implants. Patients retain the right to decide to keep or remove their breast implants and for those who choose to pursue explantation, they should be advised to seek the care of a board-certified plastic surgeon. As a scientific community is our duty to continue to conduct well-designed scientific studies to gain more insight into the safety of breast implants as it related to cancer detection, autoimmune disease, and other health concerns to improve patient safety, awareness, and education. This review article aims to delineate both the content and timing of all research and evidence as it pertains to the newly coined phrase "breast implant illness". The authors of this study support that currently there have not been any concrete or evidence-based studies which support the formation of a new syndrome "silicone implant illness".
Decreasing Total Blood Gases in Neonates Following Low Risk Cardiac Surgery

Background: We hypothesized that implementation of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) continuous monitoring did not change the number of blood gases obtained after low risk cardiac surgery. In 2015, we implemented ETCO2 monitoring in our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU). Implementation included education about use of ETCO2, calibration and physiologic circumstances associated with differences between blood levels of carbon dioxide and ETCO2 monitoring. Methods: Retrospective chart review of neonatal patients U30 days who underwent lateral thoracic coarctation repair before and after implementation of continuous ETCO2 monitoring. Inclusion criteria were patients mechanically ventilated who had >3 postoperative blood gases. Patients who had >2 comorbidities involving >1 organ system, emergent surgery, diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension or need for inhaled nitric oxide post-procedure were excluded. Results: A total of 26 patients were identified (13 pre, 13 post-intervention). Patients were similar in age, gender, prematurity, presentation, hospital and CICU length of stay. A total of 98 blood gases were performed postoperatively in the pre-ETCO2 group (average 8/patient) and a total of 57 blood gases in the post group (average 4/patient). When the cohort was limited to patients with a hospital stay of U15 days, the total number of postoperative blood gases in pre-ETCO2 group (n=10) was 61 (average 6/patient) and post (n=12) 51 (average 4/patient), P=0.006. Conclusions: In a matched cohort, the presence of continuous ETCO2 monitoring and education about use of monitors decreased the total number of blood gases obtained, thus leading to a decrease in patient cost, blood loss and potential risk of line infection.
Effect of protein denaturation and lipid removal on rice physicochemical properties

Abstract The physicochemical properties of rice are influenced by their chemical components and their interactions. It has been demonstrated that the interactions among rice chemical components are enhanced by protein denaturation (PD) via heat treatment and by lipid removal (LR) via solvent extraction. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of PD, LR, and their combined treatments on the gelatinization and pasting properties, swelling power, and water solubility of four brown rice flours. Rice protein was denatured under a vacuum at 100 °C, and rice lipid was removed via hexane for varying times. The combined treatments were done in two ways, PD followed by LR (PD-LR), and LR followed by PD (LR-PD). The results showed that PD increased gelatinization temperatures, while LR decreased gelatinization temperatures. Both PD and LR reduced pasting and swelling properties; however, PD resulted in a greater decrease than LR. Polar lipids are proposed to serve as bridges to link denatured proteins and starch granules in the combined treatments, resulting in greater decreases in the pasting and swelling properties than the individual treatments. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of starch-lipid-protein interactions on the physicochemical properties of brown rice flour.
Function of Sex-Chromosomes

By now it may be obvious that the author emphasizes the historical importance of the discoveries that made cytogenetics the science it is today. That is why the first chapter was written in such detail and the student is often referred back to it in order to freshen his recollection. The first studies of chromosomes that determine sex were undertaken at the end of the last century. As mentioned in Chapter 1, Henking in 1891 for the first time described what is now known as the X chromosome. Half of the sperm of the insect Pyrrhocoris apterus received this chromosome and half did not. This system is now known as the X-O system. A much more common system is the X-Y system, which will be discussed first.
California Pizza Kitchen

This case examines the question of financial leverage at California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) in July 2007. With a highly profitable business and an aversion to debt, CPK management is considering a debt financed stock buyback program. The case is intended to provide an introduction to the Modigliani and Miller capital structure irrelevance propositions and the concept of debt tax shields. With the background of a pizza company, the case provides an engaging context to discuss the "pizza graphs" that are commonly used in corporate finance curriculum to illustrate the wealth effects of capital structure decisions.The case serves to motivate the following teaching objectives: 1. Introduce the Modigliani-Miller intuition of capital structure irrelevance2. Establish how the cost of equity is affected by capital structure decisions by defining financial risk and introducing the levered beta CAPM equation3. Discuss interest tax deductibility and the valuation tax shields4. Explore the importance of debt capacity in a growing businessAn instructor spreadsheet and teaching note is available for instructors.
Robust Stabilization of A Uniformly Rotating Rigid Body

This paper presents a method of control design for the stabilization of uniform rotation about an arbitrary axis in a rigid body. The control law introduced in this paper is linear and robust. In contrast to existing methods, the methodology developed here fully exploits the geometric structure of rigid body motion by using the energy-momentum method of stability analysis. The methodology is illustrated with several examples.
The scaffold protein, Homer1b/c, regulates axon pathfinding in the central nervous system in vivo

Homer proteins are a family of multidomain cytosolic proteins that have been postulated to serve as scaffold proteins that affect responses to extracellular signals by regulating protein-protein interactions. We tested whether Homer proteins are involved in axon pathfinding in vivo, by expressing both wild-type and mutant isoforms of Homer in Xenopus optic tectal neurons. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that interfering with the ability of endogenous Homer to form protein-protein interactions resulted in axon pathfinding errors at stereotypical choice points. These data demonstrate a function for scaffold proteins such as Homer in axon guidance. Homer may facilitate signal transduction from cell-surface receptors to intracellular proteins that govern the establishment of axon trajectories.
Production and utilization of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Functional analysis of the catfish genome will be useful for the identification of genes controlling traits of economic importance, especially innate disease resistance. However, this species lacks a platform for global gene expression profiling, so we designed a first generation high-density oligonucleotide microarray platform based on channel catfish EST sequences. This platform was used to profile gene expression in catfish spleens 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the spleen samples, 138 genes were significantly induced or repressed greater than 2-fold by LPS treatment. Real-time RT-PCR was used to verify the microarray results for nine selected genes representing different expression levels. The results from real-time RT-PCR were positively correlated (R2 = 0.87) with the results from the microarray. The first generation channel catfish microarray provided several candidate genes useful for further evaluation of immune response mechanisms in this species. This research will help us to better understand recognition of LPS by host cells and the LPS-signalling pathway in fish.
Time-dependent secular evolution in galaxies

Lynden-Bell & Kalnajs (1972, LBK) presented a useful formula for computing the long-range torque between spiral arms and the disk at large. The derivation uses second-order perturbation theory and assumes that the perturbation slowly grows over a very long time (the time-asymptotic limit). This formula has been widely used to predict the angular momentum transport between spiral arms and stellar bars between disks and dark-matter halos. However, this paper shows that the LBK timeasymptotic limit is not appropriate because the characteristic evolution time for galaxies is too close to the relevant dynamical times. We demonstrate that transients, not present in the time-asymptotic formula, can play a major role in the evolution for realistic astronomical time scales. A generalisation for arbitrary time dependence is presented and illustrated by the bar–halo and satellite–halo interaction. The natural time dependence in bar-driven halo evolution causes quantitative differences in the overall torque and qualitative differences in the physical- and phase-space location of angular momentum transfer. The time-dependent theory predicts that four principal resonances dominate the torque at different times and accurately predicts the results of an N-body simulation. In addition, we show that the Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) is responsible for the peak angular momentum exchange but, due to the time dependence, the changes occur over a broad range of energies, radii and frequencies. We describe the implication of these findings for the satellite–halo interaction using a simple model and end with a discussion of possible impact on other aspects secular galaxy evolution.
The Dual National Identity of the Korean Minority in China: The Politics of Nation and Race and the Imagination of Ethnicity

This article explores the historical changes in the national identity of the Korean minority in China from the period of Japanese colonial invasion through to the present. Existing studies have taken an ethno-cultural approach to the Korean minority's dual identity, but they have ignored the importance of political identity-formation which creates, re-creates, and transforms national identity. The Korean minority's national identity has been determined by political and economic factors rather than ethnic and cultural backgrounds. In this regard, the Korean minority's double-minded self-understanding of its own nationhood has shifted from an ethnicity-centred dual identity to a nationality-centred dual identity. This article notes that the Korean minority's national identity has been created and re-created by political identity-formation, and its imagination of ethnicity has been transformed through this political process.