cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on \Spin Transport properties of the quantum one-dimensional non-linear sigma model"

In a recent preprint (cond-mat/9905415), Fujimoto has used the Bethe ansatz to compute the nite temperature, zero frequency Drude weight of spin transport in the quantum O(3) non-linear sigma model in a magnetic eld H6 . We show here that, contrary to his claims, the results are in accord with earlier semiclassical results (Sachdev and Damle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 943 (1997)). We also comment on his 1=N expansion, and show that it does not properly describe the long-time correlations.
A scientometric model for the assessment of scientific research performance within public institutes

Nowadays, the Italian science sector is undergoing a strategic reform due to budget cuts and there is a need for measuring and evaluating research performance of public research institutes. This research presents a new measure to assess the scientific research performance of public research institutes. The new model is successfully applied to 108 public research institutes belonging to the Italian National Research Council, using data from year 2003 and displays the laboratories with high/low performance. The results are substantially stronger and quicker to obtain than those calculated by using conventional indicators. This model supports the policy-makers, who must decide about the level and direction of public funding for research and technology transfer.
The Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Silane

The spectrum of silane has been investigated to beyond 13.0\ensuremath{\mu}. Bands, enumerated in the order of their intensities, were located at 11.0\ensuremath{\mu} (910 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), 4.6\ensuremath{\mu} (2183 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), 3.17\ensuremath{\mu} (3153 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), 3.23\ensuremath{\mu} (3095 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), 5.5\ensuremath{\mu} (1820 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) and 2.3\ensuremath{\mu} (4360 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). Four of these regions have been investigated under higher dispersion and partially resolved. The spectrum appears quite similar, except for certain details, to that of methane and by analogy the above bands have been identified as ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{4}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{4}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{4}$, $2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{4}$ and $2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$. From these values one may determine ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ which takes the value 2243 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. By the methods developed by Dennison and Johnston one may determine the moment of inertia which from the most probable value for the spacing between lines takes the value ${I}_{0}=8.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}40}$ g ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Assessing explicit error reporting in the narrative electronic medical record using keyword searching

Background. Many types of medical errors occur in and outside of hospitals, some of which have very serious consequences and increase cost. Identifying errors is a critical step for managing and preventing them. In this study, we assessed the explicit reporting of medical errors in the electronic record.Method. We used five search terms "mistake," "error," "incorrect," "inadvertent," and "iatrogenic" to survey several sets of narrative reports including discharge summaries, signout notes, and outpatient notes from 1991 to 2000. We manually reviewed all the positive cases and identified them based on the reporting of physicians.Result. We identified 222 explicitly reported medical errors. The positive predictive value varied with different keywords. In general, the positive predictive value for each keyword was low, ranging from 3.4 to 24.4%. Therapeutic-related errors were the most common reported errors and these reported therapeutic-related errors were mainly medication errors.Conclusion. Keyword searches combined with manual review indicated some medical errors that were reported in medical records. It had a low sensitivity and a moderate positive predictive value, which varied by search term. Physicians were most likely to record errors in the Hospital Course and History of Present Illness sections of discharge summaries. The reported errors in medical records covered a broad range and were related to several types of care providers as well as non-health care professionals.
Synthetic Routes to Ga(CN)3 and MGa(CN)4 (M = Li, Cu) Framework Structures

Ga(CN)3 has been prepared for the first time with a new method for preparation of inorganic cyanides. Pure crystalline material is formed by reaction of Cl2GaN3 with SiMe3CN via elimination of SiMe3N3 and SiMe3Cl. Reaction of GaCl3 with SiMe3CN also provides Ga(CN)3. A new convenient route to GeMe3CN and SnMe3CN is described, but reactions of GaCl3 with these compounds result in Lewis acid−base adducts. The composition of Ga(CN)3 was confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Quantitative X-ray powder diffraction was used to refine the cubic structure, which has CN groups with orientational disorder in a Prussian-blue-like network structure. The symmetry is Pm3m, a = 5.295(2) A. Ga is octahedrally surrounded by on average three C and three N atoms with a Ga−(C,N) bond length of 2.072(2) A, and the C−N bond length is 1.148(1) A. LiGa(CN)4 was prepared by reaction of Ga(CN)3 with LiCN and was characterized by quantitative X-ray diffraction. The symmetry is P43m, a = 5.874(2) A, and the structure c...
What triggers transient AIDS in the acute phase of HIV infection and chronic AIDS at the end of the incubation period

Novel dynamical models are introduced demonstrating that the T helper cell (THC) density drops in the acute infection phase of HIV infection, sometimes causing transient AIDS, and at the end of the incubation period causing chronic AIDS have a common dynamical cause. The immune system's inability to produce enough uninfected THCs to replace the infected ones it is destroying causes a drop in the THC density at any stage of HIV infection. Increases in viral infectivity, probably caused by random mutation of HIV, are shown to drive the progression of the infection. The minimum incubation period for the long term non-progressors (LTNPs) was calculated from a novel physical model: 0.3% of infecteds have incubation periods of 23.1 years or more, and there is no biomedical difference between LTNPs and progressors. Chronic AIDS is shown to result from three random transitions linking four clinically-distinct stages of HIV infection following seroconversion.
How well can we estimate error variance of satellite precipitation data around the world

Abstract Providing error information associated with existing satellite precipitation estimates is crucial to advancing applications in hydrologic modeling. In this study, we present a method of estimating the square difference prediction of satellite precipitation (hereafter used synonymously with “error variance”) using regression model for three satellite precipitation products (3B42RT, CMORPH, and PERSIANN-CCS) using easily available geophysical features and satellite precipitation rate. Building on a suite of recent studies that have developed the error variance models, the goal of this work is to explore how well the method works around the world in diverse geophysical settings. Topography, climate, and seasons are considered as the governing factors to segregate the satellite precipitation uncertainty and fit a nonlinear regression equation as a function of satellite precipitation rate. The error variance models were tested on USA, Asia, Middle East, and Mediterranean region. Rain-gauge based precipitation product was used to validate the error variance of satellite precipitation products. The regression approach yielded good performance skill with high correlation between simulated and observed error variances. The correlation ranged from 0.46 to 0.98 during the independent validation period. In most cases (~ 85% of the scenarios), the correlation was higher than 0.72. The error variance models also captured the spatial distribution of observed error variance adequately for all study regions while producing unbiased residual error. The approach is promising for regions where missed precipitation is not a common occurrence in satellite precipitation estimation. Our study attests that transferability of model estimators (which help to estimate the error variance) from one region to another is practically possible by leveraging the similarity in geophysical features. Therefore, the quantitative picture of satellite precipitation error over ungauged regions can be discerned even in the absence of ground truth data.
Heat Transfer Scaling Laws for MHD Channels and Diffusers

A quasi-three-dimensional flow model is used to study the convective and radiative heat transfer characteristics of coal-fired MHD channels and diffusers. The radiative contributions of carbon dioxide, water vapor, potassium atoms, and slag particles are all included in the model. The scale-up of heat transfer with the size of MHD channels and diffusers is characterized as an aid to extrapolation of experimental heat transfer measurements. The scale-up of radiation with the channel or diffuser size, centerline temperature, wall temperature, boundary layer thickness, gas pressure, and average size and number density of slag particles is investigated. Generalized plots of gas emissivity and absorptivity are provided for use in estimating radiative heat transfer in MHD channels and diffusers.
An Anisotropic Damage Model for Ductile Metals

An anisotropic ductile damage description is motivated from fracture mechanisms and physical observations in Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloys with second phases. Ductile damage is induced by the classical process of nucleation of voids at inclusions, followed by their growth and coalescence. These mechanisms are related to different microstructural and length scale parameters like the fracture toughness, the void size, the intervoid ligament distance, etc. The classical thermodynamic constraints of irreversible processes with material state variables are used to model the tensorial damage evolution coupled to the Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson (BCJ) rate-dependent plasticity. The damage-plasticity coupling is based on the effective stress concept, assuming the total energy equivalence, and written through a deviatoric damage effect tensor on the deviatoric part and through the trace of the second rank damage tensor on the hydrostatic part. The damage rate tensor is additively decomposed into a nucleation rate tensor, a void growth rate scalar, and a coalescence rate tensor. The induced damage anisotropy in mainly driven by the nucleation, which evolves as a function of the absolute value of the plastic strain rate tensor. Finally, some experimental data of cast A356 aluminum alloy are correlated with predictive void-crack evolution to illustrate the applicability of the anisotropic damage model.
Four-Deep Charge-Time and Pulse-Width Scaling Discriminator for Delay Line MWPC's

A discriminator has been developed for digitizing both intercepted total charge and location of electromagnetic shower and particle trajectories in multiwire proportional chambers read by delay lines. Determination of shower trajectory is aided by video signal integration followed by centroid-locating discrimination. Calibrated run-down of the signal integrating capacitor gives the charge information above a given threshold level. The discriminator is designed to handle up to four shower-induced video signals per event by incorporating steering circuits within the module. Each video signal is examined for time over an adjustable threshold. Video pulses with separation of less than 20 nsec are treated as a single pulse. Counter-logic circuits indicate the number of video signals digitized. These signal processing circuits provide a first level of data sifting which otherwise must be carried out with additional discriminator channels and added complexity in data recognition.
Synthesis of New Bicyclic P−N Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Pd-Catalyzed π-Allyl Alkylation and Heck Reaction

The synthesis of phosphine oxazoline ligands based on P-chiral 1-phosphanorbornadienes is reported. The use of these ligands in palladium catalyzed asymmetric allylation and Heck reaction is described.
Structure and Properties of LPCVD Silicon Films

Silicon films deposited by low pressure chemical‐vapor deposition over the temperature range from 525° to 725°C were investigated. It was found that polycrystalline films are formed above 600°C and are more stable than the amorphous films deposited at lower temperatures. Their crystal structure is a strong function of the deposition temperature and a weaker function of the deposition rate. Either the {110} or the {100} texture may dominate the structure, depending primarily on the deposition temperature. The electrical resistance obtained on doping the LPCVD films that are polycrystalline as deposited is maximum for films deposited at the lower temperatures (near 600°C), although this dependence on deposition temperature decreases after annealing at higher temperatures. Dopant atoms reversibly segregate to the grain boundaries during lower temperature heat‐treatments subsequent to doping and are dispersed at higher temperatures, with corresponding changes in resistivity. The oxidation rate is only a weak function of the deposition temperature, although the initially amorphous films may oxidize somewhat more rapidly. The index of refraction of amorphous films is significantly higher than that of polycrystalline films.
Offline program re-mapping to improve branch prediction efficiency in embedded systems

This work presents a technique for improving the efficiency of hardware branch predictors. The key approach is to apply techniques of off-line re-mapping of the program-space in order to reduce the incidence of conflict misses in the branch hardware. This work also presents a new model for organizing temporal information between blocks in the address space, which can be applied effectively to previous re-mapping systems as well. The increased efficiency can be translated to improved performance for fixed hardware specifications, or used to reduce the hardware cost for achieving targeted performance during the design cycle.
Capturing social networking privacy preferences: can default policies help alleviate tradeoffs between expressiveness and user burden?

Social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace thrive on the exchange of personal content such as pictures and activities. These sites are discovering that people’s privacy preferences are very rich and diverse. In theory, providing users with more expressive settings to specify their privacy policies would not only enable them to better articulate their preferences, but could also lead to greater user burden. In this article, we evaluate to what extent providing users with default policies can help alleviate some of this burden. Our research is conducted in the context of location-sharing applications, where users are expected to specify conditions under which they are willing to let others see their locations. We define canonical policies that attempt to abstract away userspecific elements such as a user’s default schedule, or canonical places, such as “work” and “home.” We learn a set of default policies from this data using decision-tree and clustering algorithms. We examine tradeoffs between the complexity / understandability of default policies made available to users, and the accuracy with which they capture the ground truth preferences of our user population. Specifically, we present results obtained using data collected from 30 users of location-enabled phones over a period of one week. They suggest that providing users with a small number of canonical default policies to choose from can help reduce user burden when it comes to customizing the rich privacy settings they seem to require.
Compensation discussion and analysis (CD&A): Readability and management obfuscation

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the readability of the CD&A section in proxy statements and management motives to obfuscate executive compensation disclosures. Using the CD&As in the 2007 and 2008 proxy statements, we examine whether the CD&A readability is associated with the proportion of CEO pay not related to the economic determinants of compensation. We note that the average CD&A is difficult to read. We find that firms with CEO pay exceeding the benchmark pay have a more difficult to read CD&A in the 2007 proxy season. The result suggests that, in its first CD&A report, top management tends to cloak its compensation practices when the practices are not tied to the economic determinants of pay. However, we also find those firms with CEO pay exceeding the benchmark pay improve the readability of their CD&As in the 2008 proxy season, suggesting that executive compensation disclosure improves under regulatory oversight and public pressure.
Axially frozen modes in finite anisotropic photonic crystals

A comprehensive study of the oblique frozen modes in a finite 1-D anisotropic photonic crystal is presented. The most attractive prop- erty of these waves is near-zero axial group velocity in conjunction with small reflection from the lattice interface. We use a characteristic matrix analysis to describe both monochromatic wave and pulse propagation in a 1-D anisotropic photonic crystal of finite length. Using a layered struc- ture consisting of air and an example of a suitable material, SbSI, we demonstrate the slow down factor, intensity enhancement, bandwidth, and transmission coefficient of axially frozen modes. © 2005 Society of Photo-
Security, cybercrime, and scale

Defense begins by identifying the targets likely to yield the greatest reward for an attacker's investment.
Probing the formation of the first low‐mass stars with stellar archaeology

ABSTRACT We investigate the conditions under which the ﬁrst low-mass stars formed in theUniverse by confronting theoretical predictions governing the transition from massivePopulationIII to low-mass PopulationII stars with recent observational C and/or Oabundance data of metal-poor Galactic stars. We introduce a new “observer-friendly”function, the transition discriminant D trans , which provides empirical constraints aswell as a powerful comparison between the currently available data of metal-poor halostars and theoretical predictions of the formation of the ﬁrst low-mass stars (. 1M ⊙ ).Speciﬁcally, we comparethe empirical stellarresults with the theorythat ﬁne-structurelines of C and O dominate the transition from PopIII to PopII in the early Universe.We ﬁnd the currently-available data for halo stars as well as for dSph galaxies andglobularclusters to be consistent with this theory. An explanationfor the observedlackof metal-poor stars in dSph galaxies and globular clusters is also suggested. Finally, wepredict that any star to be found with [Fe/H] . −4 should have enhanced C and/orO abundances. The high C and O abundances of the two most iron-poor stars are inline with our prediction.Key words: cosmology: early Universe — stars: abundances — stars: Population II— Galaxy: halo — Galaxy: stellar content — techniques: spectroscopic
Rocket Extreme Ultraviolet Grating Spectrometer (EGS): calibrations and results of the solar irradiance on February 8, 2002

The rocket Extreme Ultraviolet Grating Spectrograph (EGS) instrument is flown onboard a sounding rocket as an underflight calibration for the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Experiment (SEE) onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. The first calibration flight took place from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on February 8, 2002. Both preflight and postflight calibrations are performed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range from 26.5 to 117.2 nm and the far ultraviolet (FUV) range from 120 to 196 nm to determine an accurate quantum throughput (QT) for the EGS instrument. These calibrations are performed using Beam Line 2 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility III. This QT determination has an uncertainty of about 10% for the EUV region and around 4.2% for the FUV region. Once the QT for the instrument is found from the calibrations, it is applied to the solar spectrum obtained during the flight in order to get the absolute spectral irradiance with an uncertainty of approximately 12%. The rocket EGS is planned for an annual calibration flight to track the long-term changes of SEE EGS.
A New Preferential Etch for Defects in Silicon Crystals

A new preferential etch for (100) and (111) oriented, p‐ and n‐type silicon has been developed. Oxidation‐induced stacking faults, dislocations, swirl, and striations are clearly defined with minimum surface roughness or extraneous pitting. A relatively slow etch rate (∼1 μm per min) at room temperature provides etch control. The long shelf life of this etch allows the solution to be stored in large quantities.
Catalytic asymmetric cyanosilylation of ketones with chiral Lewis base.

The development of broadly applicable and practical catalytic approaches for the enantioselective creation of quaternary stereocenters remains a highly desirable yet challenging goal. In this Communication, we describe a highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of acetal ketones (α,α-dialkoxy ketones) catalyzed by modified cinchona alkaloids. This reaction is the first highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of ketones catalyzed by an organic chiral Lewis base and is found to be highly efficient with acetal ketones bearing a broad range of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl substituents. This new catalytic asymmetric reaction, coupled with the versatility of the acetal functionality, provides a broadly useful synthetic method for chiral building blocks bearing quaternary stereocenters. Acetal ketones, readily accessible but previously unexplored in asymmetric synthesis, demonstrate unusual reactivity and selectivity toward the nucleophilic cyanosilylation, thereby suggesting that they may be interesting sub...
Polynomial Test for Stochastic Diagnosability of Discrete-Event Systems

Two types of diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems (DESs) were introduced by Thorsley in 2005, where a necessary and sufficient condition for Strong Stochastic (SS)-Diagnosability (referred as A-diagnosability by Thorsley and Teneketzis, 2005), and a sufficient condition for Stochastic (S)-Diagnosability (referred as AA-diagnosability by Thorsley and Teneketzis, 2005), both with exponential complexity, were reported. In this paper, we present polynomial complexity tests for checking: (i) necessity and sufficiency of SS-Diagnosability; (ii) sufficiency of S-Diagnosability; and (iii) sufficiency as well as necessity of S-Diagnosability; the latter requires an additional notion of probabilistic equivalence. Thus, the work presented improves the accuracy as well as the complexity of verifying stochastic diagnosability.
Regional House Price Segmentation and Convergence in the US: A New Approach

This paper investigates the extent of regional integration (or, conversely, segmentation) in US home values. In contrast to some previous studies, we examine the degree of integration in the US with a data set which runs into 2012 and thus captures the latest period of bubble and bust, and employing a recently developed set of tools which yield estimates which are 1) time-varying, and 2) account for differences not just in correlation but also in amplitude between different housing markets. Our results indicate that contrary to some previous findings, overall integration in the US was falling, not rising over the early years of the bubble (2001–05). This lends some credence to the “lots of local bubbles” conjecture of Greenspan that the early stages of the bubble reflected froth in some individual markets, rather than a large underlying national bubble. However, the late stages of the bubble exhibit a very sharp rise in integration, so the later bubble and subsequent bust likely reflected national (or global) factors. Finally we find substantial variation across regions in terms of how integrated they tend to be. This comports with previous findings on the low level of integration of regional income in the US, and the ability of home values to maintain substantial segmentation makes the use of housing in monetary policy problematic.
Setting rates for Medicaid managed behavioral health care: lessons learned

This paper reviews Tennessee's experience setting, monitoring, and updating capitation rates for Medicaid managed behavioral health care, and draws lessons from those experiences for other states. Our review of assumptions about four components of Tennessee's rate-setting process--data, benefit design, savings expectations, and processes for monitoring and updating rates--suggests that the initial rate established by Tennessee was inadequate, and its inadequacy resulted primarily from the way available information was used to set the rate, rather than from the method of rate setting selected. Tennessee's experiences illustrate how difficult rate setting is and illuminate several key lessons about the rate-setting process.
The quest for the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix

Abstract A piece of the Standard Model presently undergoing intense experimental scrutiny is the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix. Several different measurements are planned to enrich the spectrum of experimental constraints and thus, provide one of the most stringent tests of Standard Model validity. The success of this program is closely related to theoretical progress in evaluating QCD matrix elements in a non-perturbative regime, as we need to extract fundamental quark properties from observations on decays involving hadrons. This interplay between experimental and theoretical progress will be illustrated in the context of the present knowledge of the magnitudes of the quark mixing parameters |Vcb| and |Vub|.
Superparticles, p-form coordinates and the BPS condition

Abstract A model for n superparticles in ( d − n , n ) dimensions is studied. The target space supersymmetry involves a product of n momentum generators, and the action has n ( n +1)/2 local bosonic symmetries and n local fermionic symmetries. The precise relation between the symmetries presented here and those existing in the literature is explained. A new model is proposed for superparticles in arbitrary dimensions where coordinates are associated with all the p -form charges occuring in the superalgebra. The model naturally gives rise to the BPS condition for the charges.
Observational study of terrestrial eigenvibrations

Abstract A comprehensive analysis has been made of analog and digital recordings of eigenvibration ground motion obtained following four great earthquakes; August 1976 (Philippines), August 1977 (Indonesia), September 1979 (West Irian), and December 1979 (Colombia). The time series (ranging in length from ∼28 to ∼140 h) are assumed to be linear combinations of damped harmonics in the presence of noise. Tables are calculated from values of the four parameters: Θ, used in describing eigenvibrations, period of oscillation, amplitude, damping factor Q , and phase together with their statistical uncertainties (53 spheroidal modes, 0 S 4 to 0 S 48 , and 13 torsional modes, 0 T 8 to 0 T 45 ). The estimation procedures are by the methods of complex demodulation and non-linear regression that specifically incorporate into the basic model the decaying aspect of the oscillations. These methods, extended to simultaneous estimations of groups of modes, help to eliminate measurement error and measurement bias from estimations of Θ. The result is that overtone modes very near in frequency to fundamental modes can, under certain conditions, be resolved through a non-linear regression technique, although parameter uncertainties are underestimated in general. Of the time series analyzed, 17 were from a northern California regional network of ultra-long period seismographs at Berkeley (three components), Jamestown (vertical component), and Whiskeytown (vertical component) following the four listed earthquakes. The other 7 time series were recorded digitally by the worldwide IDA network following the 1977 Indonesian earthquake. Weighted regional and worldwide averages were made for period and Q of each eigenvibration mode. From the theoretical viewpoint, comparisons of measured period, Q , amplitude, and phase for all modes analyzed led to five conclusions. First, there are no detectable systematic shifts in period, Q , or phase of eigenvibrations within a region whose dimensions are less than a wavelength. Second, though not conclusive, there may be slight systematic shifts in period ( Q values are not statistically significant. Third, even though differences in period obtained worldwide were as great as 1.33 s (≈0.33%), differences between Q values (as great as 20%) for the same mode were not significant. The conclusion is that the damping characteristics of singlet eigenfunctions are not observed to be significantly different. Fourth, the assumption that a multiplet n S l behaves as a single oscillation is valid from at least 0 S 7 through 0 S 30 . Fifth, no systematic pattern emerged for the shift of eigenperiod as a function of order / or posit on the Earth.
Phenomenology of Induced Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

We study the phenomenology of models of electroweak symmetry breaking where the Higgs potential is destabilized by a tadpole arising from the coupling to an “auxiliary” Higgs sector. The auxiliary Higgs sector can be either perturbative or strongly coupled, similar to technicolor models. Since electroweak symmetry breaking is driven by a tadpole, the cubic and quartic Higgs couplings can naturally be significantly smaller than their values in the standard model. The theoretical motivation for these models is that they can explain the 125 GeV Higgs mass in supersymmetry without fine-tuning. The auxiliary Higgs sector contains additional Higgs states that cannot decouple from standard model particles, so these models predict a rich phenomenology of Higgs physics beyond the standard model. In this paper we analyze a large number of direct and indirect constraints on these models. We present the current constraints after the 8 TeV run of the LHC, and give projections for the sensitivity of the upcoming 14 TeV run. We find that the strongest constraints come from the direct searches A 0 → Zh, $$ {A}^0\to t\overline{t} $$ , with weaker constraints from Higgs coupling fits. For strongly-coupled models, additional constraints come from ρ + → WZ where ρ + is a vector resonance. Our overall conclusion is that a significant parameter space for such models is currently open, allowing values of the Higgs cubic coupling down to 0.4 times the standard model value for weakly coupled models and vanishing cubic coupling for strongly coupled models. The upcoming 14 TeV run of the LHC will stringently test this scenario and we identify several new searches with discovery potential for this class of models.
Random matrices, the Cohen–Lenstra heuristics, and roots of unity

The Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristics predict the frequency with which a fixed finite abelian group appears as an ideal class group of an extension of number fields, for certain sets of extensions of a base field. Recently, Malle found numerical evidence suggesting that their proposed frequency is incorrect when there are unexpected roots of unity in the base field of these extensions. Moreover, Malle proposed a new frequency, which is a much better match for his data. We present a random matrix heuristic (coming from function fields) that leads to a function field version of Malle’s conjecture (as well as generalizations of it).
Thick Film/Flip Chips-A Systems Approach

Thick-film hybrid integrated circuit process currently being used to realized complex circuit functions in hybrid form is discussed. The thick-film technology, active device attachment, and packaging all play important roles in the overall systems approach. A description of the various processes will be presented starting with the ceramic substrate and ending with the completed package. Extensive use is made of computer-controlled laser trimming for both static trimming of resistors and functional trimming of modules after assembly. When properly used, the laser is a powerful tool. Active devices are attached using a solder-reflow technique. All of the connections on the active devices are terminated using solder bumps consisting of a tin/lead alloy. There are corresponding land areas on the ceramic substrate that have been coated with a tin/lead solder. The land areas on the substrate are designed in such a way as to restrict the solder wetting to the small area around the terminal similar to the IBM, "controlled collapse" process [1]. The techniques employed result in thick-film hybrid integrated circuits that are economical, reliable, high in yield, and offer considerable flexibility to the hybrid manufacturer.
Survey requirements for accurate and precise photometric redshifts for Type Ia supernovae

In this paper we advance the simple analytic photometric redshift estimator for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) proposed by Wang, and use it to study simulated SN Ia data. We find that better than 0.5 per cent accuracy in z phot {with σ[(z phot - Z spec )/(1+ Z spec )] < 0.005} is possible for SNe Ia with well-sampled light curves in three observed passbands (riz) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 at peak brightness, if the extinction by dust is negligible. The corresponding bias in Z phot (the mean of Z phot -Z spec ) is 5.4 x 10 -4 . If dust extinction is taken into consideration in the riz observer-frame light curves, the accuracy in Z phot deteriorates to 4.4 per cent, with a bias in Z phot of 8.0 x 10 -3 . Adding the g-band light curve improves the accuracy in Z phot to 2.5 per cent, and reduces the bias in Z phot to - 1.5 x 10 -3 . Our results have significant implications for the design of future photometric surveys of SNe Ia from both ground and space telescopes. Accurate and precise photometric redshifts boost the cosmological utility of such surveys.
Approximate majorization and fair online load balancing

This article relates the notion of fairness in online routing and load balancing to vector majorization as developed by Hardy et al. [1929]. We define α-supermajorization as an approximate form of vector majorization, and show that this definition generalizes and strengthens the prefix measure proposed by Kleinberg et al. [2001] as well as the popular notion of max-min fairness.The article revisits the problem of online load-balancing for unrelated 1-∞ machines from the viewpoint of fairness. We prove that a greedy approach is O(log n)-supermajorized by all other allocations, where n is the number of jobs. This means the greedy approach is globally O(log n)-fair. This may be contrasted with polynomial lower bounds presented by Goel et al. [2001] for fair online routing.We also define a machine-centric view of fairness using the related concept of submajorization. We prove that the greedy online algorithm is globally O(log m)-balanced, where m is the number of machines.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 2,5-Cyclohexadienyl-Substituted Aryl or Vinylic Iodides and Carbon or Heteroatom Nucleophiles.

2,5-Cyclohexadienyl-substituted aryl or vinylic iodides have been reacted with carbon nucleophiles (diethyl malonate and 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione), nitrogen nucleophiles (morpholine, potassium phthalimide, N-benzyl tosylamide, di-tert-butyl iminodicarboxylate, lithium azide, and anilines), a sulfur nucleophile (sodium benzenesulfinate), and oxygen nucleophiles (lithium acetate and phenols) to afford products of cyclization and subsequent cross-coupling in good to excellent yields. In most cases, this process is highly diastereoselective. The reaction is believed to proceed via (1) oxidative addition of the aryl or vinylic iodide to Pd(0), (2) organopalladium addition to one of the carbon−carbon double bonds, (3) palladium migration along the carbon chain on the same face of the ring to form a π-allylpalladium intermediate, and (4) nucleophilic displacement of the palladium.
Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice July/August 2012

Health Messaging: Building the Evidence for Delivery of Health Information Two recent systematic reviews address the importance of how health information is messaged. These reviews are particularly timely as clinicians increasingly understand the importance of a shared decision-making model, a process by which clinicians collaborate with their patients when making clinical decisions. This patientcentered approach seeks to achieve high-quality decision making that reflects the preferences of a well-informed patient. Shared decision making has been associated with improved health outcomes and high patient satisfaction (Edward & Elwyn, 2009).
Magnetically Controlled Spasmodic Accretion during Star Formation. II. Results

The problem of the late accretion phase of the evolution of an axisymmetric, isothermal magnetic disk surrounding a forming star has been formulated in a companion paper. The "central sink approximation" is used to circumvent the problem of describing the evolution inside the opaque central region for densities greater than 1011 cm-3 and radii smaller than a few AU. Only the electrons are assumed to be attached to the magnetic field lines, and the effects of both negatively and positively charged grains are accounted for. After a mass of 0.1 M☉ accumulates in the central cell (forming star), a series of magnetically driven outflows and associated outward-propagating shocks form in a quasi-periodic fashion. As a result, mass accretion onto the protostar occurs in magnetically controlled bursts. We refer to this process as spasmodic accretion. The shocks propagate outward with supermagnetosonic speeds. The period of dissipation and revival of the outflow decreases in time, as the mass accumulated in the central sink increases. We evaluate the contribution of ambipolar diffusion to the resolution of the magnetic flux problem of star formation during the accretion phase, and we find it to be very significant albeit not sufficient to resolve the entire problem yet. Ohmic dissipation is completely negligible in the disk during this phase of the evolution. The protostellar disk is found to be stable against interchange-like instabilities, despite the fact that the mass-to-flux ratio has temporary local maxima.
Quantum entangled supercorrelated states in the Jaynes–Cummings model

Abstract The regions of independent quantum states, maximally classically correlated states, and purely quantum entangled (supercorrelated) states described in a recent formulation of quantum information theory by Cerf and Adami are explored here numerically in the parameter space of the well-known exactly soluble Jaynes–Cummings model for equilibrium and nonequilibrium time-dependent ensembles.
Catalytic ester-amide exchange using group (IV) metal alkoxide-activator complexes.

A process for preparation of amides from unactivated esters and amines has been developed using a catalytic system comprised of group (IV) metal alkoxides in conjunction with additives including 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt). In general, ester−amide exchange proceeds using a variety of structurally diverse esters and amines without azeotropic reflux to remove the alcohol byproduct. Initial mechanistic studies on the Zr(Ot-Bu)4−HOAt system revealed that the active catalyst is a novel, dimeric zirconium complex as determined by X-ray crystallography.
ON THE SPECTRA OF A CANTOR MEASURE

Abstract We analyze all orthonormal bases of exponentials on the Cantor set defined by Jorgensen and Pedersen in J. Anal. Math. 75 (1998) 185–228. A complete characterization for all maximal sets of orthogonal exponentials is obtained by establishing a one-to-one correspondence with the spectral labelings of the infinite binary tree. With the help of this characterization we obtain a sufficient condition for a spectral labeling to generate a spectrum (an orthonormal basis). This result not only provides us an easy and efficient way to construct various of new spectra for the Cantor measure but also extends many previous results in the literature. In fact, most known examples of orthonormal bases of exponentials correspond to spectral labelings satisfying this sufficient condition. We also obtain two new conditions for a labeling tree to generate a spectrum when other digits (digits not necessarily in { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } ) are used in the base 4 expansion of integers and when bad branches are allowed in the spectral labeling. These new conditions yield new examples of spectra and in particular lead to a surprizing example which shows that a maximal set of orthogonal exponentials is not necessarily an orthonormal basis.
Immobilization of incinerator ASH in a concrete matrix

Abstract The ashcrete process will solidify ash generated by the Consolidated Incinerator Facility (CIF) at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). The ashcrete unit produces ashcrete, a stable cement-based wasteform, by remotely adding cement and water and tumbling drums of ash. Ashcrete product homogeneity, temperature rise during setting, and compressive strenght were measured and product formulations were developed for several nonradioactive dry ash types. Saturation level and wet and dry ash densities for several ash types have been measured. Preliminary mixture formulations for the anticipated ash were tested. A proof-of-principle test was performed using a mockup of the CIF ash system. Finally, mechanical modifications to prepare the unit for use with the CIF and to ensure reliable operation are being implemented.
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION OF PHENYLSULFENYL CHLORIDE TO CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BONDS IN PENTACYCLIC AND TETRACYCLIC CAGE ENONES

Abstract Reaction of tetracyclo]6.3.0.03,7.04,11]undec-9-en-5-one (3) and of pentacyclo[9.2.0.04,8.05,13.07,12]tridec-9-en-3-one (4) with PhSCl proceeds via addition across the carbon-carbon double bond with concomitant transannular trapping by C=O of the resulting carbocationic intermediate, thereby affording 5 (50%) and 6 (59%), respectively. The structure of 5 was established unequivocally via application of X-ray crystallographic methods.
Diabetes mellitus: Pathogenesis and treatment strategies

This article introduces the disease state of diabetes mellitus and provides a background of the impact of the disease on the population, its biology and pathophysiology, and the current treatment strategies for treating diabetes.
Minimizers of Anisotropic Surface Tensions Under Gravity: Higher Dimensions via Symmetrization

We consider a variational model describing the shape of liquid drops and crystals under the influence of gravity, resting on a horizontal surface. Making use of anisotropic symmetrization techniques, we establish the existence, convexity and symmetry of minimizers for a class of surface tensions admissible to the symmetrization procedure. In the case of smooth surface tensions, we obtain the uniqueness of minimizers via an ODE characterization.
Quantum disordered phase in a doped antiferromagnet

A quantitative description of the transition to a quantum disordered phase in a doped antiferromagnet is obtained for the long-wavelength limit of the spin-fermion model, which is given by the O(3) non-linear {sigma} model, a free fermionic part and current-current interactions. By choosing local spin quantization axes for the fermionic spinor we show that the low-energy limit of the model is equivalent to a U(1) gauge theory, where both the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom are minimally coupled to a vector gauge field. Within a large-N expansion, the strength of the gauge fields is found to be determined by the gap in the spin-wave spectrum, which is dynamically generated. The explicit doping dependence of the spin-gap is determined as a function of the parameters of the original model. As a consequence of the above, the gauge-fields mediate a long-range interaction among dopant holes and S-1/2 magnetic excitations only in the quantum disordered phase. The possible bound-states in this regime correspond to charge-spin separation and pairing.
Automatic screening of polycystic kidney disease in x-ray CT images of laboratory mice

This paper describes the application of a statistical-based deformable model algorithm to the segmentation of kidneys in x-ray computed tomography (CT) images of laboratory mice. This segmentation algorithm has been developed as the crucial first step in a process to automatically screen mice for genetically-induced polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The algorithm is based on active shape models (ASMs) initially developed by Cootes, et al. Once the segmentation is complete, texture measurements are applied within kidney boundaries to detect the presence of PKD. The challenges associated with the segmentation of mouse kidneys (non-rigid organs) are presented, and the motivation for using ASMs in this application is discussed. Also, improvements were made to published ASM methods that may be generally helpful in other segmentation applications. In 15 of the 18 cases tested, the mouse kidneys and spine were detected with only minor errors in boundary position. In the remaining three cases, small parts of the kidneys were missed and/or some extra abdominal tissue was inadvertently included by the boundary. In all 18 cases, however, the kidneys were successfully detected at a level where PKD could be automatically screened for using mean-of-local-variance (MOLV) texture measurements.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Workshops for scientists and engineers on education and public outreach

Abstract Funding agencies like NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are increasingly requiring the participation of their funded scientists and engineers in education and public outreach (EPO). The Space Science Institute (SSI) of Boulder, Colorado, designs and implements workshops to help scientists and engineers become better partners and supporters of professionals in formal and informal science education. This paper describes the background and motivation for these workshops, presents the elements of SSI’s annual 4-day workshops, discusses lessons learned from our eight years of experience, and concludes with mention of other workshops being derived from our 4-day version. Evaluation data clearly indicate that our workshops are providing vital opportunities for scientists and engineers, especially those in space and earth science-related disciplines, to become more effective EPO partners and contributors.
Optical-lattice Hamiltonians for relativistic quantum electrodynamics

We show how interpenetrating optical lattices containing Bose-Fermi mixtures can be constructed to emulate the thermodynamics of quantum electrodynamics (QED). We present models of neutral atoms on lattices in 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 dimensions whose low-energy effective action reduces to that of photons coupled to Dirac fermions of the corresponding dimensionality. We give special attention to (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) and discuss how two of its most interesting features, chiral symmetry breaking and Chern-Simons physics, could be observed experimentally.
A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Chiral β-Alkynyl Esters via Sequential Palladium and Copper Catalysis

A new strategy for the synthesis of chiral β-alkynyl esters which relies on sequential Pd and Cu catalysis is reported. Terminal alkynes bearing aryl, alkyl, and silyl groups can be employed without prior activation yielding a wide range of important chiral building blocks. The reaction sequence utilizes a robust Pd(II)-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of ynoates with terminal alkynes providing geometrically pure ynenoates which are readily reduced by CuH. In contrast to previous reports, where additions to ynenoates proceed with marginal preference for the 1,6-pathway, this conjugate reduction occurs with high 1,4-selectivity yielding β-alkynyl esters with excellent levels of enantioselectivity. Importantly, the method tolerates a wide range of functionality, including allylic carbonates and carbamates, and thus allows for rapid elaboration of the β-alkynyl esters into a variety of chiral, substituted heterocycles.