cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biosensing platforms for wireless health

ABSTRACT Recently there has been a rapid growth in a new area of research known as Wireless Health. 1 By leveraging state-of-the-art microelectronics and wireless technology, novel biosensing platforms can potentially be widely deployedin various healthcare applications that involve long-term patient monitoring. This paper provides a summary onthe development and application of a specic type of biosensing platform known as wearable sensors .Keywords: Healthcare, Wireless Health, Wearable Sensors, Long-term Monitoring, SmartCane 1. INTRODUCTION Existing healthcare system is expensive: By 2018, the total cost of healthcare is projected to be more than 20%of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 2 The same healthcare system also leads to poor outcomes: earlysymptoms of illnesses are often missed. Detection is del ayed, and consequently it leads to higher healthcarecosts. 3,4 The traditional diagnostic method of periodic clinical visits and treatment also has become moreinecient because of the gradual increase of the patient population in the US (e.g., the baby boomers).The UCLA Wireless Health Institute, established in 2008, recognizes the trend and determines to adopt cur-rent technologies to improve the overall healthcare qua lity and lower the associated costs. With ever-decreasingcosts of sensors and microel ectronics, wireless health can potentially oer support in medical applications thatwere previously deemed infeasible. Examples include: Activity Monitoring for Health and Wellness Promotion Pharmaceutical Management Chronic Disease Management, such as diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Geriatric Health and SafetyThe rest of this paper focuses on the engineering desig n aspects and support that are critical for enablingwireless health applications. Discussions include wear able sensor design (Section 2), algorithm development(Section 3), and an example application (Section 4).
Creating a massive master index for HTML and print

An index connects readers with information. Creating an index for a single book is a time-honored craft. Creating an index for a massive library of HTML topics is a modern craft that has largely been discarded in favor of robust search engines. The authors show how they optimized a single-sourced index for collections of HTML topics, printed books, and PDF books. With examples from a recent index of 24,000 entries for 7,000 distinct HTML topics also published as 40 different PDF books, the authors discuss the connections between modern technology and traditional information retrieval methods that made the index possible, usable, and efficient to create and maintain.
Scrutinizing the Clinical Trials Process for Improved Patient Protection—A New Role for Applied Anthropologists?

With the recent extraordinary move by pharmaceutical giant Merck to pull its top-selling drug Vioxx from the worldwide market, the importance of protecting the public from potentially serious drug related side effects has taken center stage. As the news media highlights the cardiac dangers for patients taking COX-2 inhibitors, it has become apparent that clinical research around the world is in need of more methodological rigor. Clinical research could be enhanced if the contributions and divergent thought processes of field based disciplines are included in the development of these research protocols. As this global debate ensues, it is timely to consider how anthropologists can take a more active role to improve the design, execution, and coordination of clinical trials domestically and abroad. Recently, the Society for Medical Anthropology has advocated that anthropologists participate in shaping the ethical landscape of basic, applied, and clinical research. In an article called, "Bioethics and Anthro...
Thoracic ultrasound: Picture worth a thousand sounds

poses a risk of transportation of a critically ill patient, and its inappropriate use increases healthcare costs. Despite these limitations, radiographs and CT scans are invaluable for evaluating lung pathology. However, there remains a need for an imaging technology that not only provide useful and accurate information but is also cost effective and free of risk to the patient. With significant improvements in image quality and ease of use, ultrasound has the ability to address some of the limitations of chest radiographs and CT scans. Thoracic ultrasound provides a dynamic evaluation of the pleural space and the lung, without radiation and therefore is considered safe. This is especially useful for repeat evaluations after therapeutic interventions. Additionally, compact and easily portable machines have now enabled physicians to themselves perform the exam and interpret the images in real time to make instant clinical decisions at the bedside. Thus the ‘point of care’ ultrasonography is now a powerful tool for the intensivist and the pulmonologist, which has the potential to improve clinical decisions and consequent patient outcomes. While the use of ultrasound to evaluate pleural effusion and guide thoracentesis was first described in 1967,
Processes Of Tamarix Invasion And Floodplain Development Along The Lower Green River, Utah

Significant ecological, hydrologic, and geomorphic changes have occurred during the 20th century along many large floodplain rivers in the American Southwest. Native Populus forests have declined, while the exotic Eurasian shrub, Tamarix, has proliferated and now dominates most floodplain ecosystems. Photographs from late 19th and early 20th centuries illustrate wide river channels with largely bare in-channel landforms and shrubby higher channel margin floodplains. However, by the mid-20th century, floodplains supporting dense Tamarix stands had expanded, and river channels had narrowed. Along the lower Green River in eastern Utah, the causal mechanism of channel and floodplain changes remains ambiguous due to the confounding effects of climatically driven reductions in flood magnitude, river regulation by Flaming Gorge Dam, and Tamarix invasion. This study addressed whether Tamarix establishment and spread followed climate- or dam-induced reductions in annual peak flows or whether Tamarix was potentially a driver of floodplain changes. We aged 235 Tamarix and 57 Populus individuals, determined the hydrologic and geomorphic processes that controlled recruitment, identified the spatial relationships of germination sites within floodplain stratigraphic transects, and mapped woody riparian vegetation cohorts along three segments of the lower Green River. The oldest Tamarix established along several sampling reaches in 1938, and 1.50-2.25 m of alluvium has accreted above their germination surfaces. Nearly 90% of the Tamarix and Populus samples established during flood years that exceeded the 2.5-year recurrence interval. Recruitment was most common when large floods were followed by years with smaller peak flows. The majority of Tamarix establishment and Green River channel narrowing occurred long before river regulation by Flaming Gorge Dam. Tamarix initially colonized bare instream sand deposits (e.g., islands and bars), and most channel and floodplain changes followed the establishment of Tamarix. Our results suggest that Tamarix recruitment was triggered by large annual floods that were followed by years with lower peak flows, not by periods of low flow alone. Tamarix appears to have actively invaded floodplains, while Populus colonization has been limited. Thus, Tamarix invasion may have greatly influenced floodplain development and riparian vegetation composition along the lower Green River since the early 20th century.
Successful Recovery after an Overdose of Argatroban

Objective:To report the case of a critically ill man with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) who received a 125 mg overdose of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban.Case Summary:A 74-year-old man with a history of Crohn's disease underwent takedown of an ileorectal fistula. He developed HIT postoperatively and was treated with argatroban. He became critically ill and was transferred to the intensive care unit. On postoperative day 24, he accidentally received argatroban 125 mg over 1 hour (26 μg/kg/min). Treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was effective, and there were no significant complications. The partial thromboplastin time, however, continued to be prolonged 48 hours after the overdose.Discussion:Medication errors with direct thrombin inhibitors are common. However, there is no known reversal agent for this class of anticoagulants. This patient was treated with FFP and did well, with no bleeding complications. However, the clearance of argatroban was prolonged.Conclusions:This case illu...
Recent advances in cluster science.

Small clusters are entities comprised of assemblies of atoms or moleculeshich often display properties that differ from the indi- vidual components and the bulk and, hence, are considered a unique state of matter. Investigating ones of differing sizes provides information that serves to bridge states of matter and, as recently shon, cluster research bridges many disciplines of science. This plenary lecture focused on the varying properties of matter of restricted size, the ability to produce clusters that mimic elements of the periodic table and, hence, behave as super-atoms that can serve as building blocks for nenanoscale matterith designed properties. Mass spectrometry has in the past, and continues in the future, to play a central role in this ��eld.
Exchange rate forecasts with the Michigan quarterly econometric model of the US economy

Abstract Gandolfo et al. [ Journal of Banking and Finance 14 (1990) 965–992] have shown that their continuous time model of the Italian economy produces better ex post out-of-sample forecasts of the lira $ exchange rate than either existing structural or random-walk models. When the Michigan Quarterly Econometric Model is used, it is found that ex post out-of-sample forecasts of the trade-weighted value of the US dollar produced by the model are also superior to forecasts of a random-walk model. However, ex ante forecasts in which all the exogenous as well as the endogenous variables are forecast are less accurate than those produced by the random walk. The price of imported goods in foreign currency, an exogenous variable in both the Michigan and Italian econometric models, is the key variable in the Michigan model which explains the divergence of the ex ante and ex post forecasting results.
Come One, Come All into the Newsroom? Student Publications after Christian Legal Society v. Martinez

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Christian Legal Society v. Martinez allows a public university to institute a “take-all-comers” nondiscrimination policy for student organizations. In doing do, the Co...
Vibrio fischeri Outer Membrane Protein OmpU Plays a Role in Normal Symbiotic Colonization

The nascent light-emitting organ of newly hatched juveniles of the Hawaiian sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes is specifically colonized by cells of Vibrio fischeri that are obtained from the ambient seawater. The mechanisms that promote this specific, cooperative colonization are likely to require a number of bacterial and host-derived factors and activities, only some of which have been described to date. A characteristic of many host-pathogen associations is the presence of bacterial mechanisms that allow attachment to specific tissues. These mechanisms have been well characterized and often involve bacterial fimbriae or outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that act as adhesins, the expression of which has been linked to virulence regulators such as ToxR in Vibrio cholerae. Analogous or even homologous mechanisms are probably operative in the initiation and persistence of cooperative bacterial associations, although considerably less is known about them. We report the presence in V. fischeri of ompU, a gene encoding a 32.5-kDa protein homolog of two other OMPs, OmpU of V. cholerae (50.8% amino acid sequence identity) and OmpL of Photobacterium profundum (45.5% identity). A null mutation introduced into the V. fischeri ompU resulted in the loss of an OMP with an estimated molecular mass of about 34 kDa; genetic complementation of the mutant strain with a DNA fragment containing only the ompU gene restored the production of this protein. The expression of the V. fischeri OmpU was not significantly affected by either (i) iron or phosphate limitation or (ii) a mutation that renders V. fischeri defective in the synthesis of a homolog of the OMP-regulatory protein ToxR. The ompU mutant grew normally in complex nutrient media but was more susceptible to growth inhibition in the presence of either anionic detergents or the antimicrobial peptide protamine sulfate. Interestingly, colonization experiments showed that the ompU null mutant initiated a symbiotic association with juvenile light organ tissue with only about 60% of the effectiveness of the parent strain. When colonization did occur, it proceeded more slowly and resulted in an approximately fourfold-smaller bacterial population. Surprisingly, there was no evidence that in a mixed infection with its parent, the ompU-defective strain had a competitive disadvantage, suggesting that the presence of the parent strain provided a shared compensatory activity. Thus, the OmpU protein appears to play a role in the normal process by which V. fischeri initiates its colonization of the nascent light organ of juvenile squids.
Using interest rate uncertainty to predict the paper-bill spread and real output

Abstract Using daily data and GARCH modeling, I show that the rapid rise in the paper-bill spread during the Fall of 1998 was driven primarily by interest rate uncertainty, rather than Fed policy or default risk. The Fed’s surprise cut in mid-October was especially effective in reversing the rapid rise in uncertainty and therefore the paper-bill spread. I then consider, using a kitchen-sink approach, interest rate uncertainty as a predictor of real output. The results indicate that interest rate uncertainty does embody useful (predictive) information over and above that contained in the index of leading economic indicators, the National Association of Purchasers Managers index (NAPM), a measure of default risk, as well as other financial variables.
In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As double-heterojunction p-n-p bipolar transistors grown by molecular beam epitaxy

P-n-p In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As double-heterojunction bipolar transistors with a p/sup +/-InAs emitter cap layer grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have been realized and tested. A five-period 15-AA-thick In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InAs superlattice was incorporated between the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As and InAs cap layer to smooth out the valence-band discontinuity. Specific contact resistance of 1*10/sup -5/ and 2*10/sup -6/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ were measured for nonalloyed emitter and base contacts, respectively. A maximum common emitter current gain of 70 has been measured for a 1500-AA-thick base transistor at a collector current density of 1.2*10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/. Typical current gains of devices with 50*50- mu m/sup 2/ emitter areas were around 50 with ideality factors of 1.4. >
Evidence for the Role of Recombination in the Regulatory Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty Elements

The recent completion of the sequencing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome provides a unique opportunity to analyze the evolutionary relationships existing among the entire complement of retrotransposons residing within a single genome. In this article we report the results of such an analysis of two closely related families of yeast long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, Ty1 and Ty2. In our study, we analyzed the molecular variation existing among the 32 Ty1 and 13 Ty2 elements present within the S. cerevisiae genome recently sequenced within the context of the yeast genome project. Our results indicate that while the Ty1 family is most likely ancestral to Ty2 elements, both families of elements are relatively recent components of the S. cerevisiae genome. Our results also indicate that both families of elements have been subject to purifying selection within their protein coding regions. Finally, and perhaps most interestingly, our results indicate that a relatively recent recombination event has occurred between Ty2 and a subclass of Ty1 elements involving the LTR regulatory region. We discuss the possible biological significance of these findings and, in particular, how they contribute to a better overall understanding of LTR retrotransposon evolution.
Visually imprinted maternal preference in ducklings is redirected by social interaction with siblings.

This study examined the influence of social interaction with broodmates on a visually imprinted maternal preference in domestic mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) during the first three days of postnatal life. Twenty-four-hour-old ducklings were allowed to follow a stuffed mallard hen for 30 min. This experience resulted in a visually imprinted preference for the familier stuffed hen over 4 stuffed ducklings in simultaneous choice tests at 48 and 72 hr after hatching, but only if the imprinted birds were kept in social isolation. Imprinted ducklings reared in a social group containing either (a) same-age siblings or (b) the stuffed mallard hen and same-age siblings displayed a visual preference for the stuffed ducklings over the familiar mallard hen at 48 and 72 hr tests. As a first step in the analysis of the features of the social exposure to siblings that are necessary for the redirection of the visually imprinted maternal preference, it was found that direct social interaction is essential to establish the preference for ducklings, but even mere visual exposure to siblings does away with the imprinted maternal preference. These results provide striking evidence of the ready redirection of a species-specific maternal preference in otherwise imprinted ducklings.
Synthesis of luminescent heterometallic bis-lanthanide complexes via selective, sequential metallation

A modular synthetic method for the differential incorporation of two lanthanide ions into a single molecular scaffold is reported; the mixed bimetallic Tb/Eu complex displays an interesting solvent polarity-dependent ratiometric luminescence.
Partially Assembled K99 Fimbriae Are Required for Protection

Antibodies to K99 fimbriae afford protection to F5+ bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Previous studies show that murine dams immunized with Salmonella vaccine vectors stably expressing K99 fimbriae confer protection to ETEC-challenged neonatal pups. To begin to address adaptation of the K99 scaffold to display heterologous B- and T-cell epitopes, studies were conducted to determine how much of the assembled K99 fimbria is required to maintain protective immunity. Sequential deletions in the K99 gene clusters were made, resulting in diminished localization of the K99 fimbrial subunit in the outer membrane. As placement of the K99 fimbrial subunit became progressively contained within the vaccine vector, diminished immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG1 antibody titers, as well as diminished Th2-type cytokine responses, were observed in orally immunized mice. Deletion of fanGH, which greatly reduced the export of the fimbrial subunit to the outer membrane, showed only partial reduction in protective immunity. By contrast, deletion of fanDEFGH, which also reduced the export of the fimbrial subunit to the outer membrane but retained more subunit in the cytoplasm, resulted in protective immunity being dramatically reduced. Thus, these studies showed that retention of K99 fimbrial subunit as native fimbriae or with the deletion of fanGH is sufficient to confer protection.
Perceptual Aberrations, Schizotypy, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

This study examined performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) by 23 schizotypic subjects and 28 normal control subjects. Schizotypy was measured on the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). Overall, schizotypic (high PAS) subjects performed more poorly than control (low PAS) subjects on the WCST; specifically, schizotypic subjects showed deficits on the failure-to-maintain-set and number-of-categories indexes. Consistent with expectations based on research with high-risk subjects, schizotypic subjects were nearly 10 times more likely than controls to be included in a subgroup of deviant WCST performers identified by a composite performance index. WCST performance was not associated with current levels of anxiety or depression. Our results provide evidence for subtle WCST performance deficits in subjects hypothesized to be at risk for psychosis--perhaps schizophrenia--and are broadly consistent with current speculation about dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functioning in schizophrenia as well as recent speculation concerning spatial working memory and schizophrenia. The heuristic potential of our results is discussed and we encourage replication of the present study. Viewed in this context, our results are hypothesis-generating and do not provide definitive confirmation of specific hypotheses.
Approval Summary: Erlotinib Maintenance Therapy of Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

On April 16, 2010, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erlotinib tablets (Tarceva®; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Melville, NY) for maintenance treatment of patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease had not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. In total, 889 patients received either erlotinib (150 mg) or placebo once daily. Progression-free survival (PFS), in all patients and in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)+ tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC), was the primary efficacy endpoint. Overall survival (OS) was a secondary sponsor endpoint but was the primary regulatory endpoint. Median PFS times were 2.8 months and 2.6 months in the erlotinib and placebo arms, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.82; p < .001). Median OS times were 12.0 months and 11.0 months, favoring erlotinib (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95). The PFS and OS HRs in patients with EGFR+ tumors by IHC were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58–0.82) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.93), respectively. The PFS and OS HRs in patients with EGFR− tumors by IHC were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.51–1.14) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.59–1.38), respectively. Following disease progression, 57% of placebo-treated patients received additional chemotherapy, compared with 47% of erlotinib-treated patients. Fourteen percent of placebo-treated patients received erlotinib or gefitinib, 31% received docetaxel, and 14% received pemetrexed. In total, 59% of placebo-treated patients who received treatment received FDA approved second-line NSCLC drugs. The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving erlotinib were rash and diarrhea.
The Lifetimes of Nitriles (CN) and Acids (COOH) during Ultraviolet Photolysis and Their Survival in Space

Nitriles are one of the most common classes of molecules observed in the gas phase in space, with over a dozen having been positively identified in interstellar and circumstellar environments through the detection of their rotational transitions. Acids, in contrast, are much less common. In this paper we present laboratory data comparing the stability of two structurally related acid-nitrile pairs to ultraviolet (UV) photolytic destruction: acetic acid vs. acetonitrile (CH3-COOH vs. CH3-CN) and glycine vs. aminoacetonitrile (H2N-CH2-COOH vs. H2N-CH2-CN). We find that the nitriles are destroyed ten and five times more slowly (respectively) by UV photolysis than are the corresponding acids. This suggests that whatever their relative formation rates, acids may be less abundant than nitriles in interstellar environments in part because they are more rapidly destroyed by photolysis. The results of this infrared (IR) spectral matrix isolation study indicate that during the lifetime of a typical interstellar cloud, even in its darkest regions, a population of acids in the gas phase will likely be diminished by at least half. Since aminoacetonitrile is a precursor to the amino acid glycine, and far more stable, presolar aminoacetonitrile may be a contributor to the deuterium enriched glycine detected in meteorites. It would clearly be informative to search for aminoacetonitrile (the nitrile corresponding to glycine) in the regions where the amino acid glycine has been reported.
What Undergraduates Think about Clouds and Fog.

INTRODUCTION Clouds and precipitation are visible manifestations of the transition of water between its solid, liquid, and vaporous (gaseous) phases in the atmosphere. Phase changes are central to most meteorological phenomena, and are responsible for the atmospheric re-distribution of moisture and heat energy. The complete “water cycle”, with the added terrestrial components of deposition, storage, and runoff, is a major driver of geological and climatic systems, and a cornerstone of the biosphere. The relationships between matter and energy that underlie the water cycle are prominently addressed in state and national standards for science education. The National Science Education Standards (NSES, 1996) set goals for understanding “the properties and changes in properties of matter” along with “transfer of energy” and
Highly sensitive and specific detection of rare variants in mixed viral populations from massively parallel sequence data.

Viruses diversify over time within hosts, often undercutting the effectiveness of host defenses and therapeutic interventions. To design successful vaccines and therapeutics, it is critical to better understand viral diversification, including comprehensively characterizing the genetic variants in viral intra-host populations and modeling changes from transmission through the course of infection. Massively parallel sequencing technologies can overcome the cost constraints of older sequencing methods and obtain the high sequence coverage needed to detect rare genetic variants ( 97% sensitivity and >97% specificity on control read sets. On data derived from a patient after four years of HIV-1 infection, V-Phaser detected 2,015 variants across the ∼10 kb genome, including 603 rare variants (<1% frequency) detected only using phase information. V-Phaser identified variants at frequencies down to 0.2%, comparable to the detection threshold of allele-specific PCR, a method that requires prior knowledge of the variants. The high sensitivity and specificity of V-Phaser enables identifying and tracking changes in low frequency variants in mixed populations such as RNA viruses.
The Bacillus subtilis SftA (YtpS) and SpoIIIE DNA translocases play distinct roles in growing cells to ensure faithful chromosome partitioning

In several bacterial species, the faithful completion of chromosome partitioning is known to be promoted by a conserved family of DNA translocases that includes Escherichia coli FtsK and Bacillus subtilis SpoIIIE. FtsK localizes at nascent division sites during every cell cycle and stimulates chromosome decatenation and the resolution of chromosome dimers formed by recA-dependent homologous recombination. In contrast, SpoIIIE localizes at sites where cells have divided and trapped chromosomal DNA in the membrane, which happens during spore development and under some conditions when DNA replication is perturbed. SpoIIIE completes chromosome segregation post-septationally by translocating trapped DNA across the membrane. Unlike E. coli, B. subtilis contains a second uncharacterized FtsK/SpoIIIE-like protein, SftA (formerly YtpS). We report that SftA plays a role similar to FtsK during each cell cycle but cannot substitute for SpoIIIE in rescuing trapped chromosomes. SftA colocalizes with FtsZ at nascent division sites but not with SpoIIIE at sites of chromosome trapping. SftA mutants divide over unsegregated chromosomes more frequently than wild-type unless recA is inactivated, suggesting that SftA, like FtsK, stimulates chromosome dimer resolution. Having two FtsK/SpoIIIE paralogues is not conserved among endospore-forming bacteria, but is highly conserved within several groups of soil- and plant-associated bacteria.
Differential contribution of dendritic cell CD1d to NKT cell-enhanced humoral immunity and CD8+ T cell activation

CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells provide help for specific antibody production. B cells, which have captured and presented a T-dependent, antigen-derived peptide on MHC class II and CD1d-binding glycolipid α-GC on CD1d, respectively, activate Th and NKT cells to elicit B cell help. However, the role of the DC CD1d in humoral immunity remains unknown. We therefore constructed mixed bone marrow chimeras containing CD1d-expressing, DTR-transgenic DCs and CD1d(+) or CD1d(-) nontransgenic DCs. Following DT-mediated DC ablation and immunization, we observed that the primary and secondary antibody responses were equivalent in the presence of CD1d(+) and CD1d(-) DCs. In contrast, a total ablation of DCs delayed the primary antibody response. Further experiments revealed that depletion of CD1d(+) DCs blocked in vivo expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic (CD8(+)) T lymphocytes. These results provide a clear demonstration that although CD1d expression on DCs is essential for NKT-enhanced CD8(+) T cell expansion, it is dispensable for specific antibody production.
A trial-free-boundary method for computing Batchelor flows

The solutions of Batchelor flows in bounded domains are computed by a nonstandard trial-free-boundary method.
What Can We Learn from this Community

Despite the current emphasis on evidence-based practice in special education in the United States, students with disabilities need to learn the skills and knowledge necessary to be active in their community. The curriculum must be culturally and socially relevant, providing individuals with knowledge important to their community and skills that they will be able to use after completing school. The curriculum at the Irente Rainbow School, as it is enacted by the teachers, reflects the community’s funds of knowledge. This case study explores how local beliefs and practices influence the curricular education and socialization of students with disabilities in a single rural community, but it has implications for Tanzania, Africa at large, and developing countries around the world. Its findings suggest ways by which educators can help individuals with disabilities support themselves, their families, and their communities.
Abstract 642: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade in Murine Vein Graft Ameliorates Lesion Growth and Enhances Plaque Stability by Reducing Intraplaque Hemorrhage

Immature plaque neovessels contribute to atherosclerotic plaque instability and intraplaque hemorrhage by leaking erythrocytes and leukocytes in the plaque. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), together with the angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie2 system, regulates the maturation of neovessels. We have previously shown that murine vein graft lesions exhibit massive plaque neovascularization and that intraplaque hemorrhage contributes to lesion growth. We hypothesized that blockade of VEGFR2 results in more mature plaque microvessels and less intraplaque hemorrhage. Donor caval veins were engrafted in carotid arteries of recipient hypercholesterolemic ApoE3*Leiden mice (n=14/group). Mice were treated at day 14, 17, 21 and 25 with VEGFR2 blocking antibodies (DC101) or control IgG antibodies (10 mg/kg). At day 28 mice were sacrificed for histological analysis of the vein grafts. Morphometric analysis revealed a striking 50% decrease in vein graft segments that expressed intraplaque hemorrhage in the f...
Perception Or Reality: Oil Spill Risks On Salmon

There is a tendency in the American scientific community to assume the worst when it comes to the effects of oil spills on the environment. Over the several years of research following the Exxon Valdez oil spill of March 1989 in Prince William Sound, Alaska, scientists of the United States National Marine Fisheries Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game have reported long-term and continuing negative impacts of the spill on pink salmon. In spite of the substantial evidence to the contrary, neither reassessment of results nor analysis of alternative explanations have been considered by either agency. The motivations behind such unyielding positions are examined and explanations suggested for the singular point of view.
Further Expanding the Capabilities of the JPL Electronic Nose to Include Post-fire Constituents

The JPL Electronic Nose (ENose) team is currently expanding the capabilities of the Third Generation ENose to include oxygen detection and post-fire constituents (CO and HCl). The JPL ENose was developed as an event monitor for spacecraft cabin air with nearreal-time data analysis and was designed to detect, identify and quantify eleven chemical species (analytes). Each generation of JPL ENose was re-optimized the sensing array to suit the selected analytes, which were detected over a clean, well-defined background; the most recent generation included microhotplate sensor substrates to allow for an expansion of sensing materials in the array. The Third Generation JPL ENose recently completed more than 3200 hours (> 6 months) of continuous operation aboard the US Lab on the International Space Station (ISS). Adding the detection of post-fire constituents poses a more complex challenge that includes sensor selection, air sampling and data analysis. Post-fire constituents include air particulates, carbon monoxide and acid gases. In this paper we will discuss sensor selection for carbon monoxide and we will present results for several polymerbased sensors that have been tested for carbon monoxide response.
Correlation effects on the relative stabilities of alkanes.

The "alkane branching effect" denotes the fact that simple alkanes with more highly branched carbon skeletons, for example, isobutane and neopentane, are more stable than their normal isomers, for example, n-butane and n-pentane. Although n-alkanes have no branches, the "kinks" (or "protobranches") in their chains (defined as the composite of 1,3-alkyl-alkyl interactions-including methine, methylene, and methyl groups as alkyl entities-present in most linear, cyclic, and branched alkanes, but not methane or ethane) also are associated with lower energies. Branching and protobranching stabilization energies are evaluated by isodesmic comparisons of protobranched alkanes with ethane. Accurate ab initio characterization of branching and protobranching stability requires post-self-consistent field (SCF) treatments, which account for medium range (∼1.5-3.0 A) electron correlation. Localized molecular orbital second-order Moller-Plesset (LMO-MP2) partitioning of the correlation energies of simple alkanes into localized contributions indicates that correlation effects between electrons in 1,3-alkyl groups are largely responsible for the enhanced correlation energies and general stabilities of branched and protobranched alkanes.
Plant-wide control of coupled distillation columns with partial condensers

Abstract Conventional distillation control processes use vapor distillate flowrate to control column pressure and condenser heat removal to control the reflux drum level. These intuitive control systems work well for isolated columns or columns with total condensers. However, these controls are not effective when columns with partial condensers occur in series. The pressure and reflux drum level interact in such systems in ways that defeat conventional control systems, rendering them unable to maintain product purities in the presence of large feed flowrate and composition disturbances. This investigation documents a plant-wide control structure that can address this issue by controlling pressure through reflux heat removal rate and reflux drum level by reflux flow rate. This control system demonstrates its capability to handle large disturbances in throughput and feed composition through a series of Aspen simulations. This alternative system is no more complicated than the conventional system and should work on distillation columns of nearly all designs, not just the coupled partial condenser designs for which it is essential. Common natural gas processing provides a specific example of this alternative control system. Natural gas commonly includes high concentrations of CO2 that must be removed prior to pipeline or LNG distribution. The existence of a minimum-boiling temperature azeotrope between ethane, virtually always present in natural gas, and carbon dioxide complicates the separation of CO2 from the hydrocarbons. This separation commonly employs extractive distillation with high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Our recent paper Ebrahimzadeh et al. (2016) discusses in detail the steady-state economic design of a new extractive distillation strategy for the CO2–ethane azeotrope separation with three columns. This strategy shows a 5% reduction in capital and 15% reduction in operating costs when compared to optimized versions of the conventional process. The new strategy also produces CO2 in a liquid rather than a vapor phase, which simplifies transport, storage, and handling. Two columns of the proposed design use partial condensers and are the focus of this investigation.
Dual Economic Structure, Dual Industrialization and the New Industrialization in the West

Due to the existing dual economic structure in China's West, the dual industrialization--the coexistence of rural industry with township enterprises as the core and of modern urban industry--has taken shape in west China. In the process of achieving a new-type industrialization in the west, for the purpose of eradicating a series of negative effects brought about by the dual industrialization drive, some measures are to be taken as follows: to strengthen the infrastructure construction and promote the rational flowing of productive elements; to formulate appropriate industrial policies so as boost the restructuring of rural and urban industry; to accelerate the construction of small towns and push forward the coordinate development of urbanization and town planning; to implement the institutional innovation and attain the goal of coordinate development of rural and urban industry.
The spectre of ghostwriting: eroding public trust in physicians, clinical trial integrity and biomedical authorship

The impact of medical ghostwriting, a violation of authorship ethics, remains unclear within the biomedical literature and among the public, potentially raising concerns about the integrity of the biomedical evidence base. Core texts in authorship and ghostwriting from the clinical literature and the 2010 Senate Minority Report on ghostwriting were reviewed as were uses of the term ‘ghostwriting’ in contemporary (2009–2011) and more recent (2015–2016) journalistic news coverage originally printed in English. Journalistic coverage oversimplified key concerns about ghostwriting identified by the medical community and the US government. More recent journalistic uses of the term ‘ghostwriting’ suggest confusion with topics such as financial disclosures or patient monitoring. Pharmaism in the medical literature, an expression of bias against pharmaceutical companies that casts doubt on the credibility of physicians and scientists, may be a source for confusion. The tendency for medical journal editors to discuss ghostwriting in the context of clinical trial transparency or data integrity is another possible source for misinterpretation via oversimplification. Journalistic descriptions of ghostwriting consistently downplay the critical reasoning abilities and competence of practising physicians and deflect attention away from patient concerns and back to pharmaceutical companies. Some uses of the term ghostwriting in news coverage may implicitly undercut belief in the competence of physicians, a troubling trend. Further work is needed to characterise the impact of ghostwriting in the medical literature and to reassure the public that their trust in medical practitioners is well placed.
Gender as a Determinant of Assertiveness

The present study aims to find out gender difference regarding assertiveness among young male and female subjects. Assertiveness inventory constructed by Dr. Tasneem Naqvi was administered on 150 subjects (75 girls and 75 boys) selected from different Intermediate and degree colleges of Agra. Data was statistically analysed by using Chi-square. The study concludes that there is significant gender difference with regard to assertiveness, boys were found to be more assertive than girls.
Chemoprophylaxis of Tuberculosis: Report of the Committee on Chemotherapy and Antibiotics American College of Chest Physicians

CONCLUSION It must be emphasized that the foregoing recommendations merely represent the consensus of a group of interested individuals. The conclusions reached may be altered in whole or in part by subsequent experience. The recommendations are largely guideposts to be applied to and modified for individual patients, clinical indications and communities. The economic status, motivation, cooperation and psychologic reaction of the patient must enter into any consideration of chemoprophylaxis.
Highly porous photoluminescent diazaborole-linked polymers: synthesis, characterization, and application to selective gas adsorption

The formation of boron–nitrogen (B–N) bonds has been widely explored for the synthesis of small molecules, oligomers, or linear polymers; however, its use in constructing porous organic frameworks remains very scarce. In this study, three highly porous diazaborole-linked polymers (DBLPs) have been synthesized by condensation reactions using 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaaminotriptycene and aryl boronic acids. DBLPs are microporous and exhibit high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (730–986 m2 g−1) which enable their use in small gas storage and separation. At ambient pressure, the amorphous polymers show high CO2 (DBLP-4: 4.5 mmol g−1 at 273 K) and H2 (DBLP-3: 2.13 wt% at 77 K) uptake while their physicochemical nature leads to high CO2/N2 (35–42) and moderate CO2/CH4 (4.9–6.2) selectivity. The electronic impact of integrating diazaborole moieties into the backbone of these polymers was investigated for DBLP-4 which exhibits green emission with a broad peak ranging from 350 to 680 nm upon excitation with 340 nm in DMF without photobleaching. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of B–N formation in targeting highly porous frameworks with promising optical properties.
Abstract 50: GATA4-Dependent Control of Myocyte Protein Quality Mediated by HSPB7

The transcription factor GATA4 plays essential roles in heart development, including regulation of cardiomyocyte stress response. GATA4 depletion leads to defective cardiogenesis while GATA4 overexpression is protective in stress models including myocardial ischemia and cardiotoxin administration. However, the molecular basis for GATA4 function remains poorly understood. We discovered that expression of small heat shock protein beta 7 (HSPB7) is regulated by GATA4 and that HSPB7 depletion causes defects in cardiomorphogenesis. The goal of our study is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanism of action of HSPB7 in cardiomyogenesis. Through proteomic mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified Filamin C (FLNC), a large sarcomeric protein, as an HSPB7 binding partner. FLNC mutations lead to pathological aggregate formation and progressive myopathy. Previous work suggests HSPB7 may prevent damaged protein aggregation through autophagic pathways, and our studies in zebrafish embryos suggest HSPB7 depletion alters the morphology and cytoskeletal architecture of ventricular cardiomyocytes, in particular the trabeculae. We hypothesize that HSPB7 facilitates myocyte function by processing damaged FLNC to prevent aggregation. Preliminary data suggest that BAG3 is also a part of this chaperone complex, linking HSPB7 to the process of Chaperone Assisted Selective Autophagy. Interestingly, disturbing autophagic pathways in the chick embryo precipitates dextrocardia, a phenotype observed in HPSB7 morphant embryos. We also generated a spectrum of defined HSPB7 mutant alleles using TALEN technology. Four such alleles have been bred to homozygosity including a suspected N-terminal truncation that deletes a putative regulatory polyserine stretch. Although homozygous mutants do not exhibit an overt cardiac phenotype, we hypothesize that loss of this polyserine domain may result in a hypomorphic HSPB7 protein. Exposure of mutant embryos to various stressors, including increased temperature (32°C) and the autophagy inducer rapamycin (1μM), led to an increase in phenotypes we have observed in HSPB7 morphants, including dextrocardia and the incidence of defects in cardiac morphology.
Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics by the non-canonical roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins in the heart

Recent advancement in mitochondrial research has significantly extended our knowledge on the role and regulation of mitochondria in health and disease. One important breakthrough is the delineation of how mitochondrial morphological changes, termed mitochondrial dynamics, are coupled to the bioenergetics and signaling functions of mitochondria. In general, it is believed that fusion leads to an increased mitochondrial respiration efficiency and resistance to stress-induced dysfunction while fission does the contrary. This concept seems not applicable to adult cardiomyocytes. The mitochondria in adult cardiomyocytes exhibit fragmented morphology (tilted towards fission) and show less networking and movement as compared to other cell types. However, being the most energy-demanding cells, cardiomyocytes in the adult heart possess vast number of mitochondria, high level of energy flow, and abundant mitochondrial dynamics proteins. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by recently identified new functions of the mitochondrial dynamics proteins. These "non-canonical" roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins range from controlling inter-organelle communication to regulating cell viability and survival under metabolic stresses. Here, we summarize the newly identified non-canonical roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins. We focus on how these fission and fusion independent roles of dynamics proteins regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms, unique intracellular location, and the cardiovascular disease relevance of these non-canonical roles of the dynamics proteins. We propose that future studies are warranted to differentiate the canonical and non-canonical roles of dynamics proteins and to identify new approaches for the treatment of heart diseases. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
Technophobia: Examining its hidden factors and defining it

•Researchers used technophobia interchangeably with terms such as computer anxiety/phobia which is confusing and misleading.•Technophobia is a more comprehensive attitude toward various forms of technology and computer phobia is one instance of it.•Technophobia is not a one construct variable, it has several hidden factors.•The study proposes a new scale for measuring technophobia using five sub-dimensions identified in the data analysis.•Technophobia was defined based on the findings of the study rather than an intellectually appealing one is proposed.