cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical technique and computational procedure for isotachophoresis

This paper presents a new numerical method for computation of solutions of prototypical equations of isotachophoresis. Numerical computation is complicated because the Poisson equation, which relates electrostatic potential to space charge density, contains a small parameter. This parameter is usually assumed to have the value of zero. Under this assumption the Poisson differential equation is replaced by an algebraic equation, which is often called the equation of electroneutrality, because it indeed states that the electrolyte is electrically neutral this assumption were not studied in the past. Here we propose an iterative procedure which allows for computation of solutions without the assumption of electroneutrality. The accuracy is controlled by a number of iterations and is limited by a computer round-off error only. The method is based on our previously published theory of existence and uniqueness of solutions of isotachophoretic equations. Details of the computational algorithm for prototypical equations of isotachophoresis are given. A numerical example and comparison with previously published data are also provided.
Changes in health status and quality of life and the impact of uncertainty in patients who survive life-threatening arrhythmias

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in perception of health status and quality of life from before treatment to 6 months after and the impact of uncertainty on these variables in survivors of life-threatening arrhythmia. Design and Setting: A descriptive correlational design at a large urban teaching hospital. Measures: We measured health status, quality of life, and uncertainty before treatment and 6 months after a life-threatening arrhythmia. Results: Survivors included 66 men and 15 women, 41 of whom received pharmacologic therapy and 36 of whom received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), completed the Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-36), Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI), and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS-C) before treatment and 6 months after. There were significant improvements in the mental and physical health composite summaries as measured by the SF36 ( P P Conclusions: Survivors demonstrated improvements in perceived health status, although this did not appear to translate into improvements in the subjective domains of quality of life. The overall quality of life and the domains of psychological/spiritual state and socioeconomic status were lower 6 months after a life-threatening arrhythmia. Uncertainty had a significant impact on these perceptions, identifying an area for nursing interventions. (Heart Lung ® 1999;28:251-60.)
Concurrent evidence of physical educators' attitude toward teaching individuals with disabilities.

Summary This study assesses the criterion-related relevance or concurrent validity of Physical Educators’ Attitude Toward Individuals with Disabilities III survey, developed in 1993 by Rizzo. The criterion measure was the Learning Handicapped Inventory, developed in 1982 by Jansma and Shultz, because it, like the former, has validity and reliability in assessing attitudes of physical educators toward teaching students with disabilities. Participants were 179 physical education majors attending a major midwestern university, 94 (53%) women and 85 (47%) men whose average age was 20.7 yr. (SD = 2.5 yr.). Both surveys were administered in one sitting, and the correlation of .88 indicates strong concurrent validity.
Analysis of partially resolved liquid chromatographic peaks using dynamic modeling with the kalman filter

Abstract Establishing a calibration model is an important part of any mathematical method for multi-component determination. Use of a calibration model based on single spectra is subject to error, because the model spectrum chosen may not be representative of the response over the full range of the calibration. Alternative calibration models require more time to establish calibration, an these may not be convenient for real-time determinations. A novel calibration method is reported for use with Kalman filters. The method, dynamic modeling, is based on the use of libraries of calibration spectra. The set of used to describe the model at any time is based on component concentrations, estimated for the multi-component mixture, as determined from the Kalman filter, so that several spectra can be used to best describe a varying response. Through application of the dynamic modelingt to simulated and real chromatograms, it is demonstrated that use of the method decreases estimation errors cause by model data mismatches, and that full benefit can be obtained from relatively small libraries.
Efficient Nonlinear Frequency Conversion with Maximal Atomic Coherence.

We demonstrate efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in atomic Pb vapor under conditions where the linear susceptibility and the effective nonlinear susceptibility are of the same order. This is accomplished by using electromagnetically induced transparency to prepare a near-maximal atomic coherence on a Raman transition. This strongly driven transition is used to convert an intense laser beam from 425 to 293 nm with an efficiency of $\ensuremath{\sim}40%$.
Time-resolved analytical pyrolysis studies of nitramine decomposition with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system

Abstract An energetic nitramine, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), has been studied over selected thermal ranges and environments with a pyrolysis unit interfaced to an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometer (MS-MS) system. Programmed and pulsed thermolytic degradation conditions under oxidative and non-oxidative atmospheres resulted in complex product distributions. Use of selected boron-containing compounds gave evidence of catalytic activity in the RDX degradation. Identification by daughter-ion MS-MS analysis was attempted for key volatiles of m/z 46, 60, 74, 75, 85, 97, 98, and 103. An integrated thermal degradation profile of RDX was thus probed by monitoring the volatile products as they were generated during slow programmed heating (60°C/min) from ambient to temperatures near the RDX melting/decomposition region (190–220°C). Implications of enhanced nitramine performance are suggested.
Mask functions for the symbolic modeling of epistasis using genetic programming

The study of common, complex multifactorial diseases in genetic epidemiology is complicated by nonlinearity in the genotype-to-phenotype mapping relationship that is due, in part, to epistasis or gene-gene interactions. Symobolic discriminant analysis (SDA) is a flexible modeling approach which uses genetic programming (GP) to evolve an optimal predictive model using a predefined collection of mathematical functions, constants, and attributes. This has been shown to be an effective strategy for modeling epistasis. In the present study, we introduce the genetic .mask. as a novel building block which exploits expert knowledge in the form of a pre-constructed relationship between two attributes. The goal of this study was to determine whether the availability of.mask.building blocks improves SDA performance. The results of this study support the idea that pre-processing data improves GP performance.
Stutter events and linguistic stress

Abstract In the research reporting the concurrence between stuttering and linguistic stress the identification of stress loci has been established regularly through intuitive judgment of the experimenter. The present study reports on a more objective determination of stress loci, and their concurrence with stutter events, which strengthens justification of the usual procedure for identifying stress loci.
Heat transport into a shear flow at high Peclet number

Heat transport from a heated convex region on an otherwise insulating plane, into a fluid in shear flow along the plane, is considered. The asymptotic form of the temperature distribution is determined for large values of the Peclet number sL2/lC where s is the shear rate of the flow, L is a typical dimension of the heated region and k is the thermal diffusivity of the fluid. From it the asymptotic form of the total heat transport is obtained. Although the shape of the region is arbitrary, the solution is constructed by using previous results for the special case of a heated strip with its edges normal to the flow. I consider heat transport from a heated convex region D on a non-conducting plane into a fluid in shear flow along the plane. The Peclet number sL2/k is assumed to be large, where s is the shear rate of the flow, L is a typical dimension of D and k is the thermal diffusivity of the fluid. I obtain three asymptotic expansions of the temperature in the fluid, one valid near the interior of D and two others valid near the leading and trailing edges of D, respectively. From them I get the asymptotic expansion of the total heat transport Q. For D a strip with its edges normal to the flow direction, the first term in the interior expansion was obtained by Leveque (I 928). Further terms were found by Springer & Pedley (I973), who also constructed the first term in the leading edge solution. The first term in the trailing-edge solution was found by Springer (I 974) and further termns were obtained by Phillips (I987), who also calculated several terms in the expansion of Q. These previous results are used to construct the expansions. In addition we shall need a simple theorem that relates the edge solution for an edge oblique to the flow to the solution for an edge normal to the flow. ForD a circular disk, Phillips (I987) obtained the first term in the leading-edge solution and several terms in the interior solution. Because he did not determine the trailing-edge solution, he could not calculate Q. Stone (i989) has calculated Q numerically for this case and for an ellipse. The results of Springer (I974) and Phillips (I987) confirm the fact that the leading- and trailing-edge solutions make equal contributions to Q, which had been shown previously by numerical computation. It would be illuminating to show that this must be so from some general considerations, without relying upon explicit solutions.
Comparative Study of Collision-Induced and Surface-Induced Dissociation. 2. Fragmentation of Small Alanine-Containing Peptides in FT-ICR MS

Multiple collision activation (MCA-CID) and surface-induced dissociation (SID) of protonated trialanine, (AAA)H+; tetraalanine, (AAAA)H+; pentaalanine, (AAAAA)H+; and prolyltetraalanine, (PAAAA)H+ were studied using a 7 T Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). Fragmentation efficiency curves obtained using both techniques were compared by converting the SID collision energy into an''effective'' center-of-mass frame using an arbitrary neutral encounter of mass, MN. The best overlap between the SID and MCA-CID fragmentation efficiency curves was obtained using very similar values of MN for all the peptides, indicating that all the protonated precursor ions were undergoing similar interaction with terminal chemical groups on the fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface. Collision energy-resolved fragmentation efficiency curves obtained using both methods are very similar and both methods of collisional activation result in a quasi-thermal population of ion internal energies. We suggest that ion-surface collisions involve multiple interactions of the projectile ion with chemical groups on the surface with efficient transfer of impact energy into the surface and into the internal energy of the ion. This mechanism, except for time frame for the activation process, is analogous to the sequential gas phase collisional activation of these model peptides.
Systems of non-linear, partial differential equations for coherent optical pulse propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened medium and associated conservation laws

Abstract The undamped Schrodinger-Bloch equations governing coherent optical pulse propagation in a medium consisting of non-degenerate two-level systems are used to derive a system of two non-linear, partial differential equations which generalize the well-known single partial differential equation by means of which pulse propagation in a homogeneously broadened medium is described. A systematic and rigorous method is presented whereby conservation laws of various orders associated with this system may be derived.
Therapeutic peptides: the devil is in the details.

The next generation of peptides Pharmaceuticals may push manufacturing processes beyond their limits
Intermediate symmetry in lawsone biosynthesis

Abstract Feeding experiments in Impatiens balsamina have established that 2- 14 C-acetate predominantly labels C-2 of lawsone. This finding confirms previous biosynthetic postulates, indicates that no symmetrical intermediate is involved in lawsone biosynthesis, and sheds light on the final steps in that process. The experimental methods that have been employed in this series of studies are also described in detail.
Inference of Vector Autoregressive Models with Cointegration and Scalar Components

Abstract For the partially nonstationary vector autoregressive model of Ann and Reinsel, I further assume that the first differenced series has scalar components of lower order and study estimation of these models along with asymptotic properties of the estimators. It is shown that Gaussian reduced rank estimation can be easily carried out by simple modification of the Ahn and Reinsel's method. The asymptotic distribution for the estimator of the nonstationary parameter is a locally asymptotically mixed normal, and for that of the stationary parameter is asymptotically a normal. Testing hypothesis of the assumed structure of scalar components, including serial correlation common feature, is briefly discussed. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the methods.
Burn survivors and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Abstract In this article the major provisions of the recently revised Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its application to burn survivors are explained. For professionals working with this population, the ADA is a model for dealing with issues of follow-up and long term patient adjustment. An overview of previous laws applying to the rights of the disabled in the USA is followed by a brief history of the ADA's development. Each of the five major provisions of the act is discussed in detail. Case studies of burn survivors are used to demonstrate the way in which knowledge of the ADA can be used to anticipate and deal with potential complications of re-entry after hospitalization.
Historical perspective: snail control to prevent schistosomiasis.

Effective interruption of the Schistosoma life cycle is essential to blocking the parasite’s transmission, and thus truly preventing human schistosomiasis over the long term. Our current mass treatment campaigns were expected to limit transmission by reducing environmental contamination with parasite eggs. However, the process of transmission has proven to be very focal and highly efficient, such that, in practice, mass drug treatment by itself has not been effective in lowering transmission in many affected areas. Alternative means for interruption of transmission are now being considered, including means to reduce or eliminate intermediate snail hosts from local habitats, and means to prevent water contamination through sanitation.
Vibration of laminated composite arches with deep curvature and arbitrary boundaries

Abstract Exact solutions for the title problem are presented for general boundary conditions. No numerical frequencies are presented using these solutions, instead natural frequencies are obtained using the Ritz method. This method has the important shortcoming that the assumed displacements have to be changed when various boundary conditions are treated. This shortcoming is overcome in this paper by assuming the displacement functions as polynomials having a general form. Accurate frequencies are obtained for arbitrary boundary conditions. The results can be useful for designers, engineers, and researchers who are interested in the problem. The method can also be generalized to plate- and shell-like structures.
On the energetics of the formation of EHM from MHM interactions on transition metal clusters

Abstract Experimental studies from several laboratories have demonstrated that, when a main group—transition metal atom cluster contains endo-cluster hydrogens, equilibria between tautomers which differ in the placement of one or more endo-hydrogens between MHM and EHM (E = main group atom, M = transition metal) bridging sites can exist. In this study we show that the preference for EHM versus MHM sites can be simply described in terms of the difference in electronegativities of the E and M atoms. This model allows a correlation of observed site preferences with calculated enthalpy change and allows predictions of site preference in presently unknown compounds. Further, as the model is independent of exo-cluster structure, it can be used to explain some aspects of the relative reactivity of main group atoms when bound to transition metal atoms at the surface or grain boundaries of a bulk metal.
Ayurvedic agents produce differential effects on murine and human melanoma cells in vitro

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Maharishi Amrit Kalash ambrosia (MAK‐5) and Maharishi Amrit Kalash nectar (MAK‐4) on murine (B‐16) and human (SK‐Mel) melanoma cells in culture. Ethanol extract (EE) of MAK‐5 (EE‐MAK‐5) induced morphological differentiation (enlargement of soma and nuclei and formation of long dendritic processes) and growth inhibition in mouse melanoma cells, whereas EE‐MAK‐5 inhibited only growth in human melanoma cells. Murine melanoma cells were more sensitive (about 3 times) than human melanoma cells in culture to EE‐MAK‐5; the aqueous extract (AE) of MAK‐5 (AE‐MAK‐5) was ineffective in both cells. Boiling EE‐MAK‐5 for 10 minutes or exposing it to light at room temperature for 72 hours did not alter growth‐inhibiting potency. Ethanol extract of another herbal agent, MAK‐4 (EE‐MAK‐4), inhibited growth in human melanoma cells but not in mouse melanoma cells. AE‐MAK‐4 was ineffective for both cells. These results suggest that murine and human melanom...
Synthetic-Aperture Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Functions: VII-Thumbtack Ambiguity Functions

In the sixth paper of this series, an approximation was used for certain correlation functions, but its justification was postponed. These correlation functions are investigated in more detail in the present paper. The theory of pulse-position and pulse-shape coding of radio signals is further advanced toward correlation and ambiguity functions with low or no sidelobes, and block diagrams of receivers are derived. It is shown how signals can be constructed that have a large average-to-peak power ratio of the radiated wave, and avoid at the same time large antenna currents. A class of signals and their receivers is derived whose ambiguity functions have theoretically no sidelobe in a selectable section of the range-Doppler domain. Such signals are ideal for the detection of low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles by means of an all-weather, look-down radar, the discrimination of radar decoys from an ICBM, and other uses calling for extreme resolution under any weather conditions.
Modulation of intravenous cocaine effects by chronic oral cocaine in humans.

Rationale: Agonist therapies have proven effective for the treatment of substance dependence disorders; limited data is available on their feasibility for treating cocaine dependence. Objectives: This laboratory study was designed to test the safety and utility of employing an agonist substitution therapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence in humans. Methods: Oral cocaine served as the agonist treatment and was administered chronically over a range of doses to volunteers with cocaine abuse histories (n=8). Oral capsules were administered daily under blind conditions (q.i.d.) during this 5-week inpatient study using a dose-rising sequence (0 mg 10 days; 25 mg 3 days, 50 mg 4 days, 100 mg 10 days, 0 mg 7 days). During each of these oral dosing periods, an i.v. cocaine challenge (0, 25, and 50 mg, 1 h apart) was administered at least once. Physiological, subjective and pharmacokinetic measures were collected before and after i.v. drug administration; additional measures were collected daily. Results: Oral cocaine produced no subjective effects or signs of toxicity but produced dose-related physiological effects. Significant interactions between oral and i.v. cocaine were observed; cocaine (100 mg, p.o.) significantly decreased responses to the 25-mg but not the 50-mg dose of i.v. cocaine for heart rate, mydriasis, and some subjective measures. There was no evidence of significant additive effects, although heart rate responses to i.v. cocaine were exaggerated during the final wash-out period. Conclusions: These data indicate that treatment with a cocaine "agonist" – in this case oral cocaine – can modestly attenuate the subjective and physiological responses to cocaine in humans under conditions that are safely tolerated.
Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription.

: The cis-acting elements of the VIP gene important for basal and stimulated transcription have been studied by transfection of VIP-reporter gene constructs into distinct human neuroblastoma cell lines in which VIP transcription is constitutively high, or can be induced to high levels by protein kinase stimulation. The 5.2 kb flanking sequence of the VIP gene conferring correct basal and inducible VIP gene expression onto a reporter gene in these cell lines was systematically deleted to define its minimal components. A 425-bp fragment (−4656 to −4231) fused to the proximal 1.55 kb of the VIP promoterenhancer was absolutely required for cell-specific basal and inducible transcription. Four additional components of the VIP gene were required for full cell-specific expression driven by the 425 bp TSE (region A). Sequences from −1.55 to −1.37 (region B), −1.37 to −1.28 (region C), −1.28 to −.094 (region D), and the CRE-containing proximal 94 bp (region E) were deleted in various combinations to demonstrate the specific contributions of each region to correct basal and inducible VIP gene expression. Deletion of region B, or mutational inactivation of the CRE in region E, resulted in constructs with low transcriptional activity in VIP-expressing cell lines. Deletion of regions B and C together resulted in a gain of transcriptional activity, but without cell specificity. All five domains of the VIP gene were also required for cell-specific induction of VIP gene expression with phorbol ester. Gelshift analysis of putative regulatory sequences in regions A-D suggests that both ubiquitous and neuron-specific trans-acting proteins participate in VIP gene regulation.
Ranolazine Shortens Repolarization in Patients with Sustained Inward Sodium Current Due To Type-3 Long QT Syndrome

Introduction One form of the hereditary long QT-syndrome, LQT3-ΔKPQ, is associated with sustained inward sodium current during membrane depolarization. Ranolazine reduces late sodium channel current, and we hypothesized that ranolazine would have beneficial effects on electrical and mechanical cardiac function in LQT3 patients with the SCN5A-ΔKPQ mutation.
Characterization of delamination effect on composite laminates using a new generalized layerwise approach

Abstract A dynamic analysis method has been developed to investigate and characterize the effect due to presence of discrete single and multiple embedded delaminations on the dynamic response of composite laminated structures with balanced/unbalanced and arbitrary stacking sequences in terms of number, placement, mode shapes and natural frequencies. A new generalized layerwise finite element model is developed to model the presence of multiple finite delamination in laminated composites. The new theory accurately predicts the interlaminar shear stresses while maintaining computational efficiency.
Optimum Golomb Rulers

A Golomb ruler has m division marks with the spacings between marks positive integers such that the set of (m2 − m)/2 measurements which can be made between the marks are distinct. A fast search procedure is outlined for determining the shortest ruler. For 12 marks the shortest ruler is 85 units.
Disorders of the optic chiasm

The aim of this article is to review disorders affecting the optic chiasm and develop a logical clinical approach to the diagnosis of a chiasmal syndrome. A review of recent and relevant literature was performed to highlight chiasmal syndromes and pathology, as well as to discuss current methods of diagnosis, prognosis and considerations in the treatment of a patient presenting with a chiasmal disorder.
Treatment of advanced and recurrent squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix with constant intraarterial infusion of cisplatin

Twelve patients with primary or locally recurrent squamous carcinoma of the cervix were treated with constant internal iliac artery infusion of cisplatin (CDDP) via a totally implantable chemotherapy pump. Seven previously untreated patients received standard external and interstitial radiotherapy (RT) in conjunction with CDDP infusion. Five patients with isolated pelvic recurrences received CDDP therapy only. The chemotherapy pump was refilled weekly on an outpatient basis. All nine evaluable patients developed unilateral or bilateral lower extremity pain which responded to dosage reduction. No renal or marrow toxicity was seen. Both of the evaluable patients treated for recurrent tumor died 32 and 60 weeks after initiation of treatment. The seven patients treated primarily with RT + CDDP infusion include one who expired with persistent tumor and one with no evidence of disease (NED) after exenteration for a pelvic recurrence at 48 and 85 weeks respectively. The five remaining patients are NED at 12 to 60 weeks. Constant internal iliac artery infusion of CDDP via an implantable chemotherapy pump can be performed with acceptable toxicity. The preliminary results suggest that further study in previously untreated undergoing concurrent radiotherapy is warranted.
Serials acquisitions and the third world: The Latin American Perspective: Part II

Clack is serial records librarian at Harvard College Library in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Last issue's "Balance Point" began a two-part discussion of Latin American serials, which constitute a particularly challenging subset of the overall serials universe. We there considered the specific scholarly tradition underlying Latin American periodicals; the history, economics, and peculiarities of Latin American serials as a category of publications; a specialist dealer's approach to obtaining these materials; and a fledgling "Latin American Periodical Price Index." We will now continue our examination. To begin with, even run-of-the-mill serials from Latin America can require unexpected acquisitions efforts. Yet the resources crucial for today's scholarship also include substantially more complicated categories. A vibrant array of marginalized groups, peoples, and movements-racial and ethnic minorities, women, gays, fringe political parties, labor unions, street children, and others--are expressing their needs and agendas in often-ephemeral publications. Understanding contemporary Latin America requires concerted efforts to capture this material, and subsequent special efforts to make sense of the almost inevitably partial collections that result. Peter Johnson's piece focuses on this critical and complex category. All our contributions suggest that Latin American serials are unusually spontaneous, and in consequence unusually demanding of library resources and time.
Wetting Kinetics Study of Modified Polyimide Surfaces Containing Ionizable Functional Groups

Contact angle relaxation of partially wetting drops was studied on native and base hydrolyzed pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)−4,4‘-oxydianiline (ODA) polyimide surfaces as a function of wetting liquid pH. Upon base hydrolysis, followed by acid neutralization, carboxylic acid groups are formed on the native polyimide surface. The areal density of incipient carboxylic acid groups is proportional to base hydrolysis time. Wetting kinetics were examined on polyimide surfaces as a function of hydrolysis time and wetting liquid pH using the molecular-kinetic theoretical approach. The results of parametric fitting of experimental contact angle relaxation data using the molecular-kinetic approach indicate that the kinetics and thermodynamics of wetting were nearly invariant when using a pH 2 probe liquid for native compared to hydrolyzed surfaces. In contrast, the kinetics and thermodynamics of wetting using a pH 11 probe liquid exhibited large differences based on the extent of modification and ionization of the ...
The effect of pressure and temperature on phospholipid and triglyceride fatty acids of fish white muscle: a comparison of deepwater and surface marine species.

Abstract 1. 1. Phospholipid and triglyceride analyses of fish white skeletal muscle taken from three tropical surface, three deepwater and one Antarctic species were made. The surface species were living under approximately 1–5 atm pressure in either 23–25°C or −1·9°C seawater, while the epibenthic fish, not known to vertically migrate, were living at about 200 atm in 2–4°C water. 2. 2. Proportions of individual muscle phospholipids did not show noticeable differences between shallow and deep water forms. For a particular environment, phospholipid fatty acids demonstrated an inter-species constancy which was not observable for triglyceride fatty acids. Triglycerides were the dominant acyl neutral lipid in all seven species. 3. 3. Compared to the tropical surface fish, phospholipids of the deepwater and Antarctic fish were enriched in polyunsaturated acids (42 vs 33%) and depleted in saturated acids (35 as compared to 17%). 4. 4. Triglyceride fatty acids showed large inter-species differences with the cold water species showing higher levels of monounsaturated acids. 5. 5. The identical results obtained with the deepsea and Antarctic fish and the significant differences between cold and warm water fish indicate that at 200 atm, pressure effects on phospholipid fatty acid composition are not discernible.
Solid-liquid phase-change heat transfer and interface motion in materials cooled or heated from above or below

Solid-liquid phase-change heat transfer has been studied experimentally and analytically in several different materials (e.g. stearic acid, sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate and n-octadecane which have been suggested as candidates for latent-heat-of-fusion thermal energy storage materials. Solid-liquid interface motion during freezing and melting from above as well as below has been determined in a rectangular test cell suitable for photographic observations. Comparison of experimental data for n-octadecane with predictions based on Neumann and other analyses which account for natural convection heat transfer at the solid-liquid interface show that natural convection in the liquid must be accounted in the prediction of phase-change boundary motion for unstable situations which arise during melting from below and solidification from above.
METASTATIC PULMONARY ADENOCARCINOMA TO PLACENTA AND PLEURAL FLUID: Clinicopathologic Findings

Objectives: To report the clinicopathologic findings of a pregnant woman with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with placental metastasis. Materials and methods: Medical records review. Results: A 31-year-old G2P1001 woman was diagnosed with Stage IV metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. At 34 weeks’ and 2 days’ gestation, she went into preterm labor and delivered a live male infant, weighing 2595 grams, with Apgar scores of 9 and 9, respectively. Placental pathology was significant for adenocarcinoma with a solid and acinar pattern, consistent with that from the lung. Her postpartum course was uneventful. She did not receive chemotherapy and expired one month postpartum. To date, the infant is without evidence of disease. Conclusions: The occurance of lung cancer in pregnancy is rare and a few cases have been reported in literature. Placental metastasis is extremely uncommon in these cases and can lead to fetal involvement by lung tumor. It is important to report all cases of lung cancer occurring in ...
Competitive hydrogen and carbomethoxy migration in the photochemistry of 7-carbomethoxy-3,4-benzotropilidene

Abstract The preparative photolysis of 7-carbomethoxy-3,4-benzotropilidene (7) in cyclohexane at 300–380 nm yields 6-carbomethoxy-2,3-benzonorcaradiene (11) 51%; 7-carbomethoxy-2,3-benzonorcaradiene (5) 35%; and 6-carbomethoxy-2,3-benzobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-diene (6) 14%; as photoproducts. Deuterium labeling has established that the major product (11) arises from a formal 1,7-hydrogen shift, while 5 is formed by a formal 1,7-carbomethoxy migration. A substantial isotope effect was noted in the photolysis of the 7-deutereo-7-carbomethoxy-3,4-benzotropilidene. Mechanisms are discussed for the direct production of 6 from 7. Multiplicity studies indicate that these reactions of 7 occur from the excited singlet state and quantum yield determinations demonstrate that the overall reactive process is highly efficient.
Variability with WISE

Wise mapped the entire sky in four bands during its approximately 7-month cryogenic mission. The number of exposures for each point on the sky increased with ecliptic latitude, and ranged from ~12 on the ecliptic to over 1000 at the ecliptic poles. The observing cadence is well suited to studying variable objects with periods between ~2 hours to ~2 days on the ecliptic, with the maximum period increasing up to several weeks near the ecliptic poles. We present the method used to identify several types of variables in the Wise Preliminary Release Database, and the mid-IR light curves of several objects. Many of these objects are new, and include RR Lyr, Algol, W UMa, Mira, BL Lac and YSO-type variables, as well as some unknown objects.
An Examination of Police Officers' Motivation To Participate in the Promotional Process:

The promotional process is a key component of the police personnel system, but has historically been problematic. Means of evaluating officers for promotion and the perceived relationship between p...
Future of personalized pharmacotherapy in chronic heart failure patients.

There is a significant amount of diversity among heart failure (HF) patients. Contemporary HF regimens often do not take into consideration many of the factors that might influence an individual’s response to treatment. Clinical recommendations based on trial data derived from mainly younger Caucasian male study populations have, in most cases, been applied equally to women and African–Americans. Subgroup analyses of randomized HF trials and results of retrospective cohort studies have been used for customizing HF regimens in women and African–Americans. Pharmacogenetics is an emerging strategy for personalizing HF therapy. Genetic biomarkers may play an important role in predicting a patient’s response to treatment and in predicting those at risk of toxicity. HF pharmacotherapy has improved over the last two decades; however, substantial work remains in order to personalize HF management and maximize the benefit of pharmacologic interventions, while limiting adverse events.
Retrieving e-Health Research: The Challenge of Accessing the Knowledge

The Internet has increasingly become a viable tool for delivering interventions to promote better health behaviors and manage diseases. As an information and communication tool, it leverages the broad reach of mass media with the interactive features of interpersonal channels. As such, the past 10 years has seen a proliferation of pilot studies, evaluative studies and randomized controlled trials designed to test the efficacy of web-based interventions on health outcomes. These efficacy studies look at a variety of ways Internet-based interventions (e-health) can be used across a number of health conditions and in different contexts. In particular, the last two to three years has seen a significant increase in efficacy studies of web-based interventions published in the literature across different disciplines. The challenge of this from a scholarly perspective is that the sheer number of different ways the literature has been described and indexed has made it increasingly difficult for scholars to locate relevant articles and draw clear conclusions about the efficacy of web-based interventions across disparate fields of interest. This study explores how this field of inquiry has grown and matured in the past 10 years by examining the growth of the literature specific to Internet-based health interventions and to explore the changes in terminologies used to describe this field. A frequency analysis of keywords used to describe web-based health intervention studies was conducted on over 150 peer-reviewed journal articles and a listing of high-value keywords were generated. A large number of unique keywords were discovered to be associated with the body of publications located according to the methodology described. The results of this study will be of specific use to researchers interested in web-based health interventions and will be of practical value in aiding their literature searches. This keyword analysis also reveals interesting insights into the development of an emerging interdisciplinary field of inquiry based on how scholarly activities are being described and/or represented across disciplines and specializations.
"A sharp knife and a clean pair of hands:" surgical debates on the role of laparotomy, 1880 to 1900.

p icholas Senn, speaking before assembled delegates of he American Medical Association’s (AMA) 1886 anual meeting, triumphantly proclaimed that “surgery as gained the supremacy over medicine.” He justified is statement by noting that the “improved technique” f surgeons since Lister’s introduction of antisepsis had urnished “almost absolute protection against wound inective diseases,” making “the legitimate sphere of the hysician” smaller and allowing the surgeon to treat “inuries and lesions beyond the reach of medical agents.” enn’s address gives the impression that surgeons, havng at last cast aside the albatross of wound sepsis, were holeheartedly charging forward into a golden age of safe” surgery. But were Senn’s contemporaries actually ready to do his? Do changes in technology like antiseptic wound anagement necessarily lead to corresponding changes n medical practice? How rapidly, and how smoothly, are uch changes adopted? The state of American surgery in the late 19 century akes a useful case study for these questions. With the dvent of the ability to prevent infections, operations hat had once carried astounding mortality rates sudenly seemed safer, and surgery as a profession experinced an identity crisis. In the days before anesthesia and sepsis, the surgeon could defer operative therapy using rohibitive risk as justification; if the operation itself was o longer so perilous, did the surgeon now have the duty o use it? Would surgeons now not only be at fault for oor outcomes of their operations, but also culpable for eglecting to operate? Abdominal surgery, in particular, was uncharted teritory, without professional, ethical, or legal precedent. Abdominal surgery is comparatively new,” Dr JH
Analysis of the departure process of an ATM service multiplexer in the North Carolina Information Highway

In this paper, we analyze the departure process of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) service multiplexer with different line speeds between input links and the output link in the North Carolina Information Highway (NCIH) environment. The ATM service multiplexer is modeled as a finite-buffer discrete-time single-server queueing system, the arrival process for each individual input link is assumed to be a Bernoulli process with parameter /spl lambda/, and the service rate is constant since the ATM cell size is fixed at 53 bytes. The queue length distribution of the multiplexer is obtained by solving the balance equations. We analytically characterize the departure process by its moment generating function, the lag 1 autocorrelation coefficient of the interdeparture time, and the lag 1 autocorrelation coefficient of the number of departures.
Appraisal of GFR-Estimating Equations Following Kidney Donation

Background It is not clear which serum creatinine–based glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-estimating model performs best in kidney donors. Study Design Study of diagnostic accuracy. Setting & Participants From a population of 3,698 kidney donors, 255 donors underwent iohexol GFR measurement (mGFR). Index Test (Intervention) mGFR by means of plasma disappearance of iohexol. Reference Test or Outcome GFR was estimated (eGFR) by using the Cockcroft-Gault equation (eGFR CG ), Mayo Clinic equation (eGFR MC ), and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation (eGFR MDRD ). Results Mean mGFR was 71.8 ± 11.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and 85.5% had mGFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . eGFR CG underestimated mGFR by 3.96 ± 13.3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and was within 30% of mGFR 89.4% of the time. eGFR MC overestimated mGFR by 8.44 ± 11.9 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and was within 30% of mGFR in 83.1% of cases. eGFR MDRD underestimated mGFR by only 0.43 ± 11.7 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and the proportion within 30% of mGFR was greatest in the tested model; 94.1% of the time. However, eGFR MC was most accurate in classifying donors according to having eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Limitations Lack of ethnic diversity and response bias. Conclusions The MDRD Study equation is least biased, and because it is routinely reported by most laboratories, it is the best readily available model for estimating GFR in kidney donors.
Volumetric Flow Measurement Using an Implantable CMUT Array

This paper describes volumetric-flow velocity measurement using an implantable capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array. The array is comprised of multiple-concentric CMUT rings for ultrasound transmission and an outmost annular CMUT array for ultrasound reception. Microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) fabrication technology allows reception CMUT on this flowmeter to be implemented with a different membrane thickness and gap height than that of transmission CMUTs, optimizing the performance of these two different kinds of devices. The silicon substrate of this 2-mm-diameter CMUT ring array was bulk micromachined to approximately 80 to 100 μm thick, minimizing tissue disruption. The blood-flow velocity was detected using pulse ultrasound Doppler by comparing the demodulated echo ultrasound with the incident ultrasound. The demodulated ultrasound signal was sampled by a pulse delayed in time domain from the transmitted burst, which corresponds to detecting the signal at a specific distance. The flow tube/vessel diameter was detected through the time-flight delay difference from near and far wall reflections, which was measured from the ultrasound pulse echo. The angle between the ultrasound beam and the flow was found by using the cross-correlation from consecutive ultrasound echoes. Artificial blood flowing through three different polymer tubes was experimented with, while keeping the same volumetric flow rate. The discrepancy in flow measurement results between this CMUT meter and a calibrated laser Doppler flowmeter is less than 5%.
Effects of Amino Acid Restriction and Age on Weights and Meat Yields of Turkeys

Abstract Male and female Nicholas Broad Breasted White turkeys were used to determine the effects of amino acid restriction and age on live weights and meat yields. Treatments were: 1) a full nutrient diet for both toms and hens from day-old to market age; 2) a diet consisting of 90% of current National Research Council (NRC, 1977) recommended levels of protein, lysine, methionine, and methionine plus cystine fed to toms and hens from 3 weeks to market age; and 3) a diet consisting of 90% of current NRC recommended levels of the above nutrients, fed to toms from 3 to 14 weeks and to hens from 3 to 12 weeks, followed by a full nutrient diet. Toms were slaughtered at 14, 20, and 24 weeks; hens were slaughtered at 18 weeks. Birds were weighed and deboned by hand. Individual weights were recorded for live birds, eviscerated carcasses and deboned parts. Meat yield values were calculated and statistically evaluated. Age had significant effects on toms in all weight and yield figures. Lower nutrient diets had marked detrimental effects on live weights and some yield figures at 14 weeks of age. However, by 24 weeks nearly all yields in the lower nutrient groups showed no difference from controls. There were no significant differences among dietary treatments in live weights or feed conversions of toms at 20 or 24 weeks. Thus, the lower nutrient diets were adequate for feeding toms to a market age of 20 or 24 weeks. In hens, the lower nutrient diets were not adequate for attaining suitable live weights, feed conversions, or carcass parts yields at 18 weeks of age.
Fast scalable FPGA-based Network-on-Chip simulation models

This paper presents a set of two FPGA-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) simulation engines that composed the winning design of the 2011 MEMOCODE Design Contest in the absolute performance class. Both simulation engines were developed in Bluespec System Verilog (BSV) and were implemented on a Xilinx ML605 FPGA development board. For smaller networks and simpler router configurations a direct-mapped approach was employed, where the network to be simulated was directly implemented on the FPGA. For larger networks, where a direct-mapped approach is not feasible due to FPGA resource limitations, a virtualized time-multiplexed approach was used. Compared to the provided software reference implementation, our direct-mapped approach achieves three orders of magnitude speedup, while our virtualized time-multiplexed approach achieves one to two orders of magnitude speedup, depending on the network and router configuration.
Cdc42 Regulates Arsenic-induced NADPH Oxidase Activation and Cell Migration through Actin Filament Reorganization

Although arsenic is a human carcinogen, the molecular mechanisms of its action remain to be understood. The present study reports that exposure to arsenic induced actin filament reorganization, resulting in lamellipodia and filopodia structures through the activation of Cdc42 in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. It was also found that arsenic induced the formation of the superoxide anion (O2*) in SVEC4-10 cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that arsenic stimulation induced serine phosphorylation of p47phox, a key component of NADPH oxidase, indicating that arsenic induces O2* formation through NADPH oxidase activation. Inhibition of arsenic-induced actin filament reorganization by either overexpression of a dominant negative Cdc42 or pretreatment of an actin filament stabilizing regent, jasplakinolide, abrogated arsenic-induced NADPH oxidase activation, showing that the activation of NADPH oxidase was regulated by Cdc42-mediated actin filament reorganization. This study also showed that overexpression of a dominant negative Rac1 was sufficient to abolish arsenic-induced O2*- production, implying that Rac1 activities are required for Cdc42-mediated NADPH oxidase activation in response to arsenic stimulation. Furthermore, arsenic stimulation induced cell migration, which can be inhibited by the inactivation of either Cdc42 or NADPH oxidase. Taken together, the results indicate that arsenic is able to activate NADPH oxidase through Cdc42-mediated actin filament reorganization, leading to the induction of an increase in cell migration in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells.
Evidence to Practice Commentary: Is More Therapy Better?

Parents seek sustained intense “hands-on” therapy for their children based on a belief that “more is better” (Aarts, Jongerius, Geerdink, van Limbeek, & Geurts, 2010; Arpino, Vescio, De Luca, & Cur...