cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Finance to Growth or Crises

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between finance to economic/financial growth or crises. The paper develops a black box to help policy makers toward trying to introduce international/national economic growth or prevent financial and economic crises. Paul Wachtel's development financial/economic paradigm will be used to explain the relationship. Frederic Mishklin's analysis and framework on financial and economic crises will be explained and used to help develop the black box.
Gait Assessment for Neurologically Impaired Patients

This study compared the temporal-distance (TD) gait values of two groups of neurologically impaired subjects with published TD gait values of healthy subjects and analyzed the influence of nine clinical characteristics on TD values in the neurologically impaired subjects. Velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and ratio of stride length to lower extremity length were recorded for 37 subjects with hemiparesis and 24 subjects with multiple sclerosis. Temporal-distance values were well below normal values, even in functionally independent subjects. Overall, the subjects with hemiparesis had lower values than the subjects with multiple sclerosis. Of the nine characteristics examined, only diagnosis, etiologic factor (for hemiparesis), type of ambulation aid, and functional category were related significantly to TD values. Our findings suggest that TD gait performance goals for patients with neurological impairment should be based on values from impaired rather than healthy subjects and that these goals should be adjusted for the individual patient's diagnosis, etiologic factor, type of ambulation aid, and functional category.
Can One Solve Equations in Groups

(1977). Can One Solve Equations in Groups? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 723-726.
Zacchaeus as the Rich Host of Classical Satire

This piece builds upon the work of Dennis Hamm and Mikeal Parsons to compare the character Zacchaeus of Luke 19:1–10 to the rich host of a banquet from classical satire and related genres. In this category the diminutive tax collector joins a rogues’ gallery, including Nasidienus from Horace’s Satire 2.8 and Trimalchio from Petronius’ Satyricon. Those who grumble (γογγύζeιν) about Jesus’ table fellowship should be understood as his fellow dining companions. The moralizing voice of the satirist is represented by these grumbling guests, whose harping is similar to that of the Pharisees. According to recent literary theory, the voice of the satirist, in this case a Pharisaic one, is undermined by its own harshness. By weakening the criticism of the satiric voice, Luke encourages identification with the sinner Zacchaeus and thus fosters the Gospel’s general objective of salvation of the lost.
Abstract runtime structure for reasoning about security: poster

We propose an interactive approach where analysts reason about the security of a system using an abstraction of its runtime structure, as opposed to looking at the code. They interactively refine a hierarchical object graph, set security properties on abstract objects or edges, query the graph, and investigate the results by studying highlighted objects or edges or tracing to the code. Behind the scenes, an inference analysis and an extraction analysis maintain the soundness of the graph with respect to the code.
100 THERAPY-RELATED ACUTE NONLYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AFTER MITOXANTRONE THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

Mitoxantrone is the first FDA-approved agent for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It is a synthetic anthracenedione that impairs DNA repair and affects T cells, B cells, and macrophages. The incidence of leukemia associated with mitoxantrone is estimated at 0.07%. A 58-year-old male with a past medical history of migraine headaches, complex partial epilepsy, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (diagnosed in 1975) was admitted to our facility in August 2005 with febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and declining mental status. Admission hemogram revealed profound leukopenia (leukocytes 700/cmm with absolute neutrophil count of 308), macrocytic anemia (hematocrit 35.1%), and marked thrombocytopenia (platelets 54,000/cmm). He received treatment with 148 mg of mitoxantrone from May 2003 to April 2005. He also received weekly interferon-beta-1a. Admission peripheral smear showed normal neutrophils and lymphocytes and no immature myeloid or erythroid precursors. Marrow was replaced by poorly differentiated myeloid cells with predominance of myeloblasts and promyelocytes; few normal erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors were seen. By flow cytometry, the cells were positive for CD13, CD33, CD117, CD2, CD68, and CD38 but negative for CD34, CD10, and HLA-DR. As his respiratory and renal functions deteriorated, he required mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. He was treated with the 3 + 7 regimen of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside. Two weeks later, repeat marrow showed normal recovery, as did peripheral counts. In spite of aggressive support with blood products, antibiotics, and antifungals, his mental status worsened. Contributing to his demise were recurrent intracranial hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage. This patient developed acute leukemia 27 months after initiation of mitoxantrone. He satisfied criteria for therapy-related acute leukemia as he denied prior chemotherapy or radiation exposure and had no familial or personal risk factors for leukemia. Review of the literature reveals 10 reported cases of nonlymphoblastic leukemias following treatment with mitoxantrone. This case continues the important discussion of efficacy versus toxicity when selecting mitoxantrone as a therapeutic option for patients with multiple sclerosis. Although leukemia is rarely seen, the potential for this outcome warrants careful consideration prior to initiation of therapy.
Mechanisms and pathways of inflammatory responses in CNS trauma: spinal cord injury.

Abstract Numerous mechanisms contribute to neural damage following central nervous system (CNS) injury. Inflammatory response has emerged as an important interaction between the CNS and the immune system in spinal cord injury that can have beneficial as well as detrimental consequences. This relationship has important implications for the development of therapeutic interventions for injuries and diseases of the spinal cord. This article details the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, including cell-mediated and humoral pathways, and describes their relevance to the processes of degeneration and regeneration.
Older Adults and Pets—Physical and Psychological Benefits

The next two chapters focus on the relationship older adults, and men in particular, have with their companion animals including the benefits, the challenges, and the programs designed to help preserve this bond. This chapter provides background on older adults - who they are and the challenges they face. It then explores the psychological and physiological benefits of pet ownership for this population. The chapter ends with challenges of pet ownership for older adults; providing the background for the next chapter that describes intergenerational service learning and one example, Pets Forever, a course designed to support pet ownership for older adults.
Solar Thermal Electricity and Solar Insolation

This chapter is divided into two parts: solar thermal electricity and solar insolation. The first part discusses concentrated solar power (CSP), its advantages, its principle and types of CSP technologies for generating electricity. The first part also describes the type and size of CSP systems used in different countries of the world. The second part includes solar insolation and solar radiation; the methods of measuring them using ground measurement and satellite images. Examples of ground instrument measurement and online databases for estimating solar radiation and solar insolation are also discussed.
Using Wordle: A Fun Tool to Show Frequency, Purpose and Direction

Have you ever seen a Wordle? It’s that funny jumble of words that are all different sizes and directions. Whether working with youth or adults, Wordles can be a powerful visual tool that can help a group discover key themes, help an individual display main thoughts from a paper, and can provide artwork or visuals for reports, marketing materials, etc. You can make one in less than five minutes. Learn how here.
The fine structure of sclerocornea.

This case report describes the pathologic changes found in an opaque corneal button from a baby with bilateral congenital sclerocornea. When studied by light and electron microscopy, the most characteristic findings were: the increased and variable diameters of collagen fibers with elastic fibers in the anterior stroma, the decrease in magnitude of collagen fibers from the anterior to the posterior layers, and an underdeveloped Descemet's membrane with abnormal endothelium. Q "cular structures require a definite growth interdependence in order to attain a normal morphology. Therefore, delay or aberration in the induction of growth of one portion of the eye will affect the growth and anatomical characteristics of another area. This occurs in the cornea, possibly as a result of maldevelopment of limbal mesodermal tissue and gives the cornea characteristics of scleral tissue, an entity known as sclerocomea. The purpose of this paper is to report the electron microscopic findings in a patient with sclerocornea.
Soft error evaluation for InGaAs and Ge complementary FinFETs

With relentless scaling of transistor dimensions, the single cell soft error rate (SER) reduces with each technology node [1]. InGaAs and Ge complementary FinFET technology is promising for next generation NMOS/PMOS FETs, due to their superior transport properties [2] over silicon, but their soft error performance is unexplored to date. Previous work investigated the SER in InAs nFinFET assuming symmetrical NMOS and PMOS current and exposed the vulnerability of InAs FinFET compared with Si FinFET [3]. In this work, we evaluate the soft error rates in InGaAs n-channel and Ge p-channel FinFETs for complementary logic application.
Abstract WP353: Bleeding Following Removal of Intracerebral Catheters in MISTIE III

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery plus alteplase has been shown to effectively reduce the volume of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with supratentorial bleeds. Removal of these catheter...
Esophageal Cancer: Evaluation

In recent years esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence increased rapidly and esophageal cancer is now the seventh leading cause of all cancer-related deaths. Over the last decades treatment approaches for esophageal cancer have evolved, with esophagectomy remaining a central component in the curative treatment of resectable esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is a demanding procedure and with the availability of a wide variety of treatment regimes, accurate staging and evaluation became even more important. The management of patients is determined by patients physiology as well as tumor histology, location and clinical stage. This chapter describes a complete evaluation of esophageal cancer patients, including physiologic work-up, clinical staging modalities and treatment decision making.
Maternal template RNA

This chapter provides an overview of maternal template RNA. A RNA synthesis is almost quiescent in the unfertilized egg, it is clear than any maternal template RNA present in the egg at the moment of fertilization is the product of gene activity occurring during ovarian oogenesis or in the course of ovulation. The important experiments demonstrating maternal template RNA have fallen into two general categories: those proving that maternal template do indeed exist and those in which the maternal template RNA is actually isolated and characterized. Maternal template RNA molecules are stored in unfertilized eggs within protein shields, which are ruptured through the controlled action of proteases, the responsible enzymes being released on fertilization. The maximum length of time maternal informational RNAs remain present is unknown, and it is possible that like maternal ribosomal RNAs, the informational RNA inherited from oogenesis continues to function far beyond gastrulation; suggestive examples are to be found in actinomycin and species-hybrid experiments with ascidians and mollusks.
HIPAA AND ITS RELATED LEGISLATION: A NEW ROLE FOR ERISA IN THE REGULATION OF PRIVATE HEALTH CARE PLANS?

This article reviews the history of ERISA regulation of private employer-sponsored health care plans and discusses the changes made by the HIPAA, the MHPA, and the NMHPA. The article concludes that the enactment of the HIPAA and its related legislation foreshadows an expanded role for federal regulation of health care plans sponsored by private employers.
Investing in Department Chairs

“My department chair is a wonderful role model.”“My chair is interested in all aspects of the department.”“Our chair is fantastic. She creates a very positive climate for all.”“There is poor commun...
β-Defensins Coordinate In Vivo to Inhibit Bacterial Infections of the Trachea

β-defensins are predicted to play an important role in innate immunity against bacterial infections in the airway. We previously observed that a type III-secretion product of Bordetella bronchiseptica inhibits the NF-κB-mediated induction of a β-defensin in airway epithelial cells in vitro. To confirm this in vivo and to examine the relative roles of other β-defensins in the airway, we infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice and mice with a deletion of the mBD-1 gene with B. bronchiseptica wild-type strain, RB50 and its mutant strain lacking the type III-secretion system, WD3. The bacteria were quantified in the trachea and the nasal tissue and mRNA levels of mouse β-defensin-3 (mBD-3) were assessed after 24 h. Infection with the wild-type bacterial strain resulted in lower mBD-3 mRNA levels in the trachea than in mice infected with the type III-deficient strain. Furthermore, we observed an increase in bacterial numbers of RB50 only in the tracheas of mBD-1-deficient mice. Neutrophils were also more abundant on the trachea in RB50 infected WT mice but not in the bronchiolar lavage fluid (BAL), compared with WD3 infected WT and mBD-1−/− mice, indicating that the coordination of β-defensin chemotactic effects may be confined to tracheal epithelial cells (TEC). RB50 decreased the ability of mice to mount an early specific antibody response, seven days after infection in both WT and mBD-1−/− mice but there were no differences in titers between RB50-infected WT and mBD-1−/− mice or between WD3-infected WT and mBD-1−/− mice, indicating mBD-1 was not involved in induction of the humoral immune response to the B. bronchiseptica. Challenge of primary mouse TEC in vitro with RB50 and WD3, along with IL-1β, further corroborated the in vivo studies. The results demonstrate that at least two β-defensins can coordinate early in an infection to limit the growth of bacteria in the trachea.
Post-nasal devoicing and the blurring process

This paper addresses one of the most contested issues in phonology: unnatural alternations. First, non-natural phonological processes are subdivided into unmotivated and unnatural. The central topic of the paper is an unnatural process: post-nasal devoicing (PND). I collect thirteen cases of PND and argue that in all reported cases, PND does not derive from a single unnatural sound change (as claimed in some individual accounts of the data), but rather from a combination of three sound changes, each of which is phonetically motivated. I present new evidence showing that the three stages are directly historically attested in the pre-history of Yaghnobi. Based on several discussed cases, I propose a new diachronic model for explaining unnatural phenomena called the Blurring Process and point to its advantages over competing approaches (hypercorrection, perceptual enhancement, and phonetic motivation). The Blurring Process establishes general diachronic conditions for unnatural synchronic processes and can be employed to explain unnatural processes beyond PND. Additionally, I provide a proof establishing the minimal sound changes required for an unmotivated/unnatural alternation to arise. The Blurring Process and Minimal Sound Change Requirement have implications for models of typology within the Channel Bias approach. This paper thus presents a first step toward the ultimate goal of quantifying the influences of Channel Bias on phonological typology.
UNIT 10.1 Overview of Genetic Diagnosis in Cancer

Both cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies can contribute to the management of patients with cancer. In some cases genetic markers are specific to particular tumor types and are useful in diagnosis. This can be helpful in distinguishing histologically similar tumors that may respond differently to treatment and can sometimes be of prognostic value. Genetic markers can also be tools for following the response of a tumor to therapy, providing a sensitive means of detection of relapse. This introductory unit considers some of the types of genetic changes that occur in association with malignancies and major approaches used in their detection. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 55:10.1.1-10.1.8. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: cancer; oncogene; tumor suppressor gene; diagnosis
“An act of geographical violence”: Crime, literature, and the colonial compulsion:

This article proposes the idea of the “colonial compulsion”, or an impulse for completion, neatness, and order, and argues that this urge is a motor that drives much literature that focuses on crim...
Diagnostic and Symptom Interviews for Adults

Abstract There are now available numerous diagnostic and symptom interviews. These procedures have the advantage of improving accuracy of diagnosis and symptom assessment by standardizing the information that is covered in the clinical interview and specifying the way in which the information is obtained and recorded. Development of standardized diagnostic interviews increased after the DSM-III became widely accepted in order to increase reliability of diagnosis. Contemporaneously, researchers began to develop symptom rating scales to increase reliability of symptom severity ratings in clinical trials. In this chapter we review the most commonly used structured and semistructured diagnostic interviews. We also review symptom ratings scales, including multidimensional scales that allow for assessment of a range of psychopathology, as well as more specialized scales for the assessment of affective and psychotic symptoms. Many of these procedures are primarily used for research applications but ongoing efforts should continue to make them more relevant in clinical settings because they hold great promise for improving assessment in clinical practice.
A Wide Operating Range Converter Using a Variable-Inverter-Rectifier-Transformer with Improved Step-Down Capability

This paper proposes the design of a dc-dc converter for portable charger applications that uses a Variable-Inverter-Rectifier-Transformer (VIRT) with improved step-down capability. The proposed design leverages an improved rectifier structure to achieve high efficiency (up to 96.2 %) across a wide range of input (120 - 380 V) and output voltages (5 - 20 V) at an output power of up to 50 W. The new rectifier configuration incorporates a bypass switch which allows for a full utilization of the effective transformer core area across all modes of operation, improving the core loss of the transformer. Moreover, a hybrid Litz-PCB construction of the VIRT transformer further reduces copper loss by mitigating skin and proximity effects, and enables integration of the LLC converter magnetics into a single component. A hardware prototype of the converter achieves a box power density of 23.2 W/in3, and maintains high efficiency and low worst-case power loss across the wide input and output voltage ranges.
Point-process models of social network interactions: Parameter estimation and missing data recovery

Electronic communications, as well as other categories of interactions within social networks, exhibit bursts of activity localised in time. We adopt a self-exciting Hawkes process model for this behaviour. First we investigate parameter estimation of such processes and find that, in the parameter regime we encounter, the choice of triggering function is not as important as getting the correct parameters once a choice is made. Then we present a relaxed maximum likelihood method for filling in missing data in records of communications in social networks. Our optimisation algorithm adapts a recent curvilinear search method to handle inequality constraints and a non-vanishing derivative. Finally we demonstrate the method using a data set composed of email records from a social network based at the United States Military Academy. The method performs differently on this data and data from simulations, but the performance degrades only slightly as more information is removed. The ability to fill in large blocks of missing social network data has implications for security, surveillance, and privacy.
Advancing Integration: The Social Work Response to Restrictionist U.S. Immigration Policies

This paper argues that social workers must combat historical misinformation, ethnic-racial bias, and narratives of immigrants as threats to advance integrationist immigration policies and immigrant...
Protective role of taurine and structurally related compounds against diabetes-induced oxidative stress

Abstract Oxidative stress is considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia appears to be at the center of organ damage by stimulating protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways, and the production of advanced glycation end products. These events, together with hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which ultimately contribute to cellular damage and to the onset and progression of diabetic complications. In this review, the role of the natural sulfur-containing amino acid taurine and of compounds representing an analog or a homolog of taurine are discussed in terms of their roles in attenuating biochemical, metabolic, and morphological alterations caused by diabetes in erythrocytes and major body organs.
Child Life in the Pediatric ICU

Admission of a child to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has long been recognized as a significant source of stress for both the child and their caregivers. However, it is increasingly recognized that the results of these stresses may last long beyond the date that the patient is discharged from the PICU or hospital. Child life specialists receive special training in child development, family systems, and coping strategies, and this unique set of skills offers an avenue of treatment to the critically ill child not typically able to be provided by other bedside caregivers. Specific interventions that can be provided include developmentally appropriate preparation for procedures needing to be performed in the PICU, a non-clinician presence for the alone child due to parental/family absence, and distraction and/or play therapies designed to provide a degree of “normality” to an abnormal situation. They can also be especially helpful in sitting down with patients/families who are having difficulty coping with the need for a PICU admission and/or the course of illness progression is poor or even maladaptive. By aiding in the development of improved comfort and coping mechanisms, child life therapists can further facilitate an easier transition out of the PICU and return to the home environment. They may also offer an added source of comfort when the outcome requires end-of-life care. Consequently, child life therapists must be considered an integral part of the PICU care team, and their involvement as early as possible following PICU admission should be encouraged.
The State of Research on Faith Community Nursing in Public Health Interventions: Results from a Systematic Review

Though faith community nurses (FCNs) serve many roles in churches and communities, little is known about their roles or effectiveness in public health interventions. This systematic review summarizes the literature on recent faith community nursing interventions, examining trends, evaluating rigor, and proposing future research directions. Articles were downloaded from PubMed and CINAHL, and 24 studies were included. Interventions addressed various health outcomes. The FCNs participated in research by recruiting participants, developing study measures, and implementing programs. Results reported mainly process evaluation and provided few outcomes. Better evaluation is needed to understand the effectiveness of FCNs in public health research.
The determination of the level, source, and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in traditional Chinese medicines using a QuEChERS based extraction and HPLC-UV-FLD analysis

A rapid and highly sensitive modified QuEChERS method was combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet fluorescence detection (HPLC-UV-FLD) to determine and evaluate sixteen pol...
South Pole Utilities and Data InfraStructure (SPUDIS) on the Moon

This paper introduces the lunar South Pole Utilities and Data InfraStructure (SPUDIS); the acronym honors the memory of the renowned lunar scientist, Dr Paul Spudis. SPUDIS builds on the concept of a solar power infrastructure around Shackleton Crater (SC). In contrast to other concepts of power/energy on the Moon, its fundamental idea is to have uninterrupted power available to assets in the area. This can be achieved by placing solar power towers (SPOTs) - either reflecting sunlight or converting solar to electrical energy and transmitting by laser/microwave - in such positions that at least one tower is seeing the sun at all times and that power can be transmitted between them. Interconnected in this fashion, SPOTs form the backbone of an infrastructure ensuring uninterrupted power year-round. In its mature phase, SPUDIS would extend for tens of kilometers around the lunar South Pole. The fundamental concept is of continuous, uninterrupted power. The infrastructure would provide sunlight for successive missions, both robotic and human, for a variety of customers. Very importantly for a future lunar economy and to reduce the cost of exploration, SPUDIS lowers barriers to entry to allow exploration with robots and equipment with little thermal protection, as the robots would receive heat and illumination from the infrastructure, and thus operate in a mild environment, as opposed to the natural temperature extremes of sunlight and darkness. Instead of incurring a cost of thermal protection up front when building the rover, e.g., by including an RTG, the customers would pay the owners of the infrastructure. As a result, cost would be deferred until a successful landing is confirmed, and would be incremental as the mission progresses, thus correlating with the actual duration of the mission. Moreover, there could be concurrent and cooperative cost sharing, and multiple owners of towers could develop sub-nets that connect to a grid network, each providing additional value to all. SPUDIS offers a paradigm shift, a new business model, in which smaller payments are made incrementally and ‘as you go,’ rather than paying a large amount before successful landing, all of which would be at risk. The interconnected SPOTs in SPUDIS are placed at locations chosen so at least one sees the sun and at least one sees Earth. The towers may change position to adapt to better visibility of the Sun (for received energy) and Earth (for optimal communications), as the Sun circles over at the horizon. The paper also introduces a lunar survey system that may be used for land allocation purposes, in the context of a lunar economy. Its Initial Point is the South Pole, its Principal Meridian, formed by the Moon's Prime Meridian and Anti-Meridian (180°E Meridian), referred here as the Shackleton Meridian, and the Base Line, formed by the 90°E Meridian & 90°W Meridian (and not the Equator as in the Rectangular System on Earth). Operational plots could be easily divided, creating cadastral maps, and referred to in a simplified way, as is done on Earth.
Experiments and Modeling of Plasma Ionization and Acceleration in a Coaxial Plasma Accelerator

We report an experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of ionizing current sheet dynamics in a 1-m coaxial plasma accelerator on the FuZE experiment at the University of Washington. The accelerator contains an embedded longitudinal magnetic probe array that measures the time evolution of the azimuthal magnetic field profile $B(z,t)$ ) with 5-cm spatial resolution, allowing reconstruction of the detailed structure of the current sheet propagating into neutral gas. The radial current density is $J_{R^{\sim}}$ -dB/dz and the spatial distribution of the electric potential V (z, t) is found from dV/dz = -L’ dI/dt. Thus, the local power available for plasma ionization and acceleration (J R V) and the local $jxB$ force profiles are known for the plasma in the experiment, while the plasma density and velocity profiles are unknown. We reconstruct the plasma density and velocity profiles by solving a 1-D MHD fluid model with a density source term to represent the ionization of the neutral gas. The experimental magnetic field $B(z,t)$ and potential $V(z,t)$ are used as inputs to generate the solution. The local ionization rate is found by assuming that resistive power dissipation $(RJ_{R}^{2})$ couples to ionization only; resistivity $R$ is obtained from generalized Ohm's law. The predicted plasma velocity and density are compared to direct measurements at the exit of the accelerator, where velocity is measured by ion Doppler spectroscopy and density by laser interferometry. The reconstruction approach is applied to characterize how the initial neutral density profile (controlled via timing of fast gas injection valves) affects the propagation of the ionizing current sheet and the performance of the accelerator. 1 D modeling of the plasma flow also allows for the local resistivity of the current sheet to be inferred, which is compared to existing resistivity models of partially-ionized plasma.
Health Professionals Palliative Care Education for Older Adults: Overcoming Ageism, Racism, and Gender Bias

Most aging Americans lack access to specialist palliative care aimed at those experiencing serious illness and/or high symptom burden at end of life. The curricula used by training programs for all healthcare professions should focus on helping learners develop the primary palliative care skills and competencies necessary to provide compassionate bias-free care for adults with serious illness. We believe there is much opportunity to improve this landscape via the incorporation of palliative care competencies throughout generalist healthcare professional programs. Several recent publications highlight multiple issues with recruitment and retention of diverse students and faculty into healthcare professional training programs. There are also concerns that the curricula are reinforcing age, race, and gender biases. Due to these biases, healthcare professionals graduate from their training programs with socialized stereotypes unquestioned when caring for older adult minority patients and caregivers. Important lessons must be incorporated to assure that bias against age, race, and gender are discovered and openly addressed in healthcare professional’s education programs. This review highlights these three types of bias and their interrelationships with the aim of revealing hidden truths in the education of healthcare professionals. Ultimately, we offer targeted recommendations of focus for programs to address implicit bias within their curricula.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF EMBEDDED MACHINE FOUNDATIONS

Two case studies are presented which describe the measured transient and steady-state dynamic response of two types of machine foundation systems. Each machine foundation was embedded and was undergoing rocking and sliding motion. Measurements made on these prototype systems are compared with values predicted from available theoretical and model studies, after introducing in situ dynamic soil properties. In the first case study, the motion of the embedded, air-compressor foundation was only slightly less than that predicted for an equivalent circular foundation resting on the surface. This close agreement was predicted very well by results of transient response tests on the actual foundations, which showed that the damped natural frequency and damping ratio were close to those of an equivalent surface foundation. In the second case study, the actual motion of the two embedded vacuum pump foundations was substantially less than that predicted for an equivalent surface foundation
Abstract 144: Forced Aerobic Exercise Enhances Upper Extremity Task Practice in Patients with Stroke

Introduction: Aerobic exercise (AE) has been shown to improve cardiovascular health in individuals with stroke; however, the potential role of AE in enhancing neuroplasticity after stroke has not been systematically studied. We have implemented a forced exercise (FE) cycling intervention, initially developed for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, with a cohort of individuals with chronic stroke. We hypothesize that intensive AE training, when paired with repetitive task practice (RTP), will “prime” the central nervous system, to exploit the motor learning effects of task practice. Hypothesis: Individuals who perform FE followed by RTP will demonstrate greater improvements in motor and non-motor function compared to the voluntary rate aerobic exercise (VE) + RTP and RTP only groups. Individuals in both AE groups (FE and VE) will demonstrate greater improvements in VO2peak compared to the RTP only group. Methods: Fifteen individuals 6-12 months post-stroke were enrolled into one of the following groups: ...
The immunophysiology of serum sickness; alterations in the radiosodium space and serum electrolyte concentrations during the course of repeated injections of horse serum into rabbits.

Abstract Rabbits were hyperimmunized by repeated intravenous injections of horse serum, and serial measurements were made of the serum sodium and potassium concentrations, radiosodium space, body weight, and antibody nitrogen concentrations over a period of 211 days. The physiologic effects of intradermal or subcutaneous injections of small doses of antigen were observed repeatedly. The effect of the administration of cortisone was also observed. Finally, tissues were analyzed for radiosodium and water content. Repeated challenges of the hyperimmunized rabbits with horse serum resulted in a decrease in the serum sodium concentration and an increase in the value for Na 24 space as related to body weight. Cortisone appeared to suppress both the antibody response and the abnormal physiologic responses. The tissues of the animals at the termination of the experiment contained more water than is found in normal rabbits.
Dissociation kinetics of the thyrotropin-receptor complex: Characterization of a slowly dissociable component

Abstract The kinetics of the dissociation of thyrotropin (TSH) from human thyroid plasma membranes were studied in an attempt to further understand the molecular dynamics of the TSH-receptor interaction. Dissociation of bound [125I]TSH from thyroid plasma membranes was a biphasic process consisting of rapidly and slowly dissociable components, RDC and SDC, respectively. The dilution induced dissociation of bound [125I] TSH was enhanced by the addition of excess TSH (DEC). DEC was proportional to the dose of unlabeled TSH and its magnitude increased linearly with temperature. These results are in contrast to those reported for the kinetics of [125I]insulin dissociation. The functional significance of DEC remains largely unexplained. It was found that the fraction of SDC was dependent upon time of association in a temperature-dependent and apparently saturable process. It could not be attributed to alterations in the electrophoretic, immunologie or binding properties of [125i]tsh. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between generation of SDC and change in the Scatchard profile of TSH binding, in contrast to studies on growth hormone. These data suggest that, like some other polypepude hormones, binding of TSH to its receptor does not proceed according to laws describing simple, rapidly reversible, bimolecular reactions. Furthermore, bound TSH undergoes a receptormediated conversion from a rapidly to a slowly dissociable state with time of incubation.
Insights into MHC evolution provided by interesting genes on Gallus gallus chromosome 16 (167.10)

The MHC is viewed as ancient and polymorphic as result of enduring selection by diverse pathogens. But even now little is known about MHC polymorphism outside of a few mammalian species. There is little evidence as to how this region contributions in resistance to infectious disease. The MHC of the domesticated chicken ( Gallus gallus ) has long been observed to influence disease resistance. With a significant portion of the G. gallus MHC sequenced it is now possible to begin to examine individual loci in detail. Our studies have provided evidence for three diverse features contributing to G. gallus MHC diversity and polymorphism: 1) It has become clear that chicken natural killer cells distinguish among different MHC class I isoforms. Natural killing of target cells can be stimulated or inhibited by the expression of different MHC class I alleles. So it seems that innate immunity likely contributes to the long-observed association between chicken MHC haplotype and disease. 2) Expression of BG1, a polymorphic MHC inhibitory receptor contributing in MHC-linked resistance to a herpesvirus-induced lymphoma, is modulated in at least one allele by a retroviral insert targeted by endogenous miRNA. 3) By combining trisomy mapping with array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) we have been able to assign to chicken chromosome 16 unmapped genomic sequence contigs containing additional genes long posited to be critical in maintaining pathogen selected MHC diversity.
The Role of Price Endings: Why Stores May Sell More at $49 than at $44

Economists typically assume that demand curves are downward sloping. We present evidence that increasing the price of an item from $44 to $49 may increase unit demand by up to 30%. This effect is substantial, has broad application, is easily replicated, and contradicts the downward-sloping property of demand functions. The paper offers a rational-actor explanation for the effect by arguing that price endings may serve an informational role, signaling to customers which prices are low compared to other market prices. In equilibrium customer reliance on price endings is consistent with optimal firm behavior. We explain why firms prefer to use $9 endings on items with low (relative) prices. As a result, $9 price endings lead to more favorable customer price perceptions and increased customer demand. Retailers face a trade-off that regulates how many $9 endings they use. The effect is moderated by proliferation, so that the demand increase is smaller when more products have 9-digit endings. Predictions from the model are tested in three randomized field tests that measure the purchasing behavior of actual customers in two mail order catalogs. Together, the model and data yield three conclusions. First, using a $9 price ending on a product increases demand for that product. Second, $9 endings have a smaller effect when more products have them. Third, the $9 ending effect is further moderated when sale signs also inform customers about relative price levels. A corollary of the second conclusion is that firm profits are concave in the number of items that have $9 endings, and it is this concavity that makes use of $9 endings self-regulating.
Selection pressure and performance in spatially distributed evolutionary algorithms

Recent studies of spatially distributed EAs have formally characterized the selection pressure induced by various selection strategies applied to local neighborhoods of various sizes and shapes. These analyses provide us with the ability to predict the expected behavior of the local neighborhood EAs. In this paper we empirically validate these predictions using the domain of function optimization. We demonstrate the various ways selection pressure can be varied in a spatially distributed EA and show that, from a performance point of view, no optimal selection pressure can be defined since it also depends on the fitness landscape of the problem being solved. Our results suggest that it may be possible to adaptively tune selection pressure by varying a single parameter, the neighborhood radius.
Genomic Disorders: Recombination-Based Disease Resulting from Genome Architecture

I would like to thank my colleagues, including students, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty members in the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics for an incredibly stimulating environment and Art Beaudet for the wisdom and leadership to enable science to thrive at Baylor College of Medicine. The work in my laboratory has been generously supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Cancer Institute, the National Eye Institute, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the Foundation Fighting Blindness, and the Baylor College of Medicine Mental Retardation Research and Child Health Research Centers. None of these findings would have been possible without the hard work of a number of gifted students, technicians, and postdocs whom I have had the pleasure to collaborate with, and have had fun doing science with, for several years.
Hans A. Andrews. Awards and Recognition for Exceptional Teachers K-12 and Community College Programs in the U.S.A., Canada and Other Countries

Awards and Recognitions for Exceptional Teachers describes teacher awards programs found in the United States, Canada, and other countries. These include awards given by the states, community colle...
Psychological Evaluation of Emotional Damages in Tort Cases

The American legal system has developed procedures for the resolution of disputes related to civil wrongs, or torts. Psychologists have become an integral part of this system because of their expertise in evaluation of functional impairment and the determination of the causes of psychological symptoms and problems. This chapter focuses on tort cases and how psychologists may work with the courts to assist in resolution of these disputes. The first half of the chapter reviews the law as applied to tort cases and provides definitions of terms associated with tort cases, and distinctions between different kinds of torts. Some case law history is the next topic, and this first half concludes with a review of the Rules of Civil Procedure as applied to tort cases. The second half of the chapter reviews the psychological evaluation of plaintiffs. Included is a brief introduction to a five-stage model of assessment of damages and causation. This section provides references to applicable standards and guidelines and some examples from the research in trauma and comorbidity. Keywords: tort; personal injury; forensic evaluation; trauma
Scalable link-state Internet routing

We present and verify the adaptive link-state protocol (ALP), a new link-state routing protocol that does not require the state of each link to be flooded to the entire internetwork, or to entire areas if hierarchical routing is used. A router in ALP disseminates link-state updates incrementally to its neighbors for only those links along paths used to reach destinations. Link-state updates are validated using time stamps and contain the same information used in other link-state protocols. For the case of neighbor routers connected through a broadcast medium, a designated router is distributedly elected for each link state reported over the medium, rather than requiring a designated router to report every topology change over the broadcast medium, like OSPF does. Simulation experiments illustrate that ALP is as efficient as the distributed-Bellman Ford algorithm when distances to destinations do not increase and resources do not fail, and more efficient than traditional link-state protocols based on flooding after distances increase or resources fail. ALP also outperforms the link-vector algorithm (LVA), which is the only prior routing algorithm based on selective dissemination of link states.
Advanced diagnostic methods in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Part II: immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods.

The practice of pathology is currently undergoing significant change, in large part due to advances in the analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins in tissues. These advances have permitted improved biologic insights into many developmental, inflammatory, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Moreover, molecular analysis has also led to improvements in the accuracy of disease diagnosis and classification. It is likely that, in the future, these methods will increasingly enter into the day-to-day diagnosis and management of patients. The pathologist will continue to play a fundamental role in diagnosis and will likely be in a pivotal position to guide the implementation and interpretation of these tests as they move from the research laboratory into diagnostic pathology. The purpose of this 2-part series is to provide an overview of the principles and applications of current molecular biologic and immunologic tests. In Part I, the biologic fundamentals of DNA, RNA, and proteins and methods that are currently available or likely to become available to the pathologist in the next several years for their isolation and analysis in tissue biopsies were discussed. In Part II, advances in immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods and their application to modern diagnostic pathology are reviewed. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:56-74)
Callee-save registers in continuation-passing style

Continuation-passing style (CPS) is a good abstract representation to use for compilation and optimization: it has a clean semantics and is easily manipulated. We examine how CPS expresses the saving and restoring of registers in source-language procedure calls. In most CPS-based compilers, the context of the calling procedure is saved in a “continuation closure”—a single variable that is passed as an argument to the function being called. This closure is a record containing bindings of all the free variables of the continuation; that is, registers that hold values needed by the caller “after the call” are written to memory in the closure, and fetched back after the call.
Acid/Base, Copper Binding, and Cu2+/H+ Exchange Properties of a Soil Humic Acid, an Experimental and Modeling Study

Acid/base, copper binding and proton exchange properties of a soil humic acid were studied over a range of pHs and ionic strengths. Results indicate that multiple classes of copper binding sites exist. A number of model formulations were used to simulate the data; none were able to reasonably match all aspects of the observed behavior. Model results and analyses suggest that successful replication of humic behavior over a wide range of conditions requires a model formulation which incorporates electrostatic effects for a variable geometry entity, multiple site classes, and probably both uni and multi dentate complexation. Additionally site heterogeneity estimates from acid/base titration data are not likely to reasonably assess the presence of low concentration, high (metal) affinity sites that can be relevant in the study of trace metal complexation.