cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using the FIELD Model to Prepare Social Work Students and Field Instructors on Sexuality and Intimacy for Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities

Though expression of sexuality is correlated with improved physiological, psychological, and social well-being, persons with psychiatric disabilities battle a myriad of forces preventing their full inclusion in this cherished domain of adult life. Powerful side effects of psychotropic medications are partly to blame for this complex problem. More troubling are providers that adopt silent or admonishing positions with clients struggling with issues of sexuality and intimacy. Despite an international embrace of the recovery framework in mental health systems of care, providers often behave in ways that do not support the sexuality and intimacy interests of their clients. Since social workers are the main providers of service for this population, they must lead in developing novel pedagogical techniques infusing social work curriculum with practice competencies for addressing sexuality and intimacy for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Furthermore, as field instructors are most influential in shaping practice habits of social work students, any effort at structural change must feasibly include them. This article delineates an adaptation of the Field Instructors Extending EBP Learning in Dyads (FIELD) Model, for the field instructor and social work student dyad. Utilizing motivational interviewing techniques, FIELD imparts sexuality and intimacy practice competencies for collaboration with persons living with psychiatric disabilities.
Foreground-background segmentation of optical character recognition labels by a single-layer recurrent neural network

Abstract. Optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms typicallystart from a binary label image. The need for a binary image iscomplicated by the fact that most imaging devices usually producemultiply valued data: a grey scale image. The problem then be-comes how to extract the meaningful character data from the greyscale image. Image artifacts such as dirt, variations in backgroundintensity, and imaging noise complicate the character extraction.When inspecting packages moving on a conveyor belt, we havecontrol over the optical parameters of the system. Via autofocus andcontrolled lighting, parameters such as the optical path length, ﬁeldof view, and illumination intensity may be adjusted. However nocontrol can be placed on labels. The label reading system is totallysubject to the package sender’s whimsy. We describe the develop-ment of a recurrent neural network to segment grey scale label im-ages into binary label images. To determine a pixel label, the neuralnetwork takes into account three sources of information: pixel inten-sities, correlations between neighboring labels, and edge gradients.These three sources of information are succinctly combined via thenetwork’s energy function. By changing its label state to minimizethe energy function, the network satisﬁes constraints imposed bythe input image and the current label values. The network has noknowledge of shape. Information on what comprises a desirableshape is probably unwarranted at the earliest stage of image pro-cessing. Although signiﬁcant image ﬁltering could be performed by anetwork that knows what characters should look like, such knowl-edge is unavoidably font speciﬁc. Further there is the problem ofteaching the network about shapes. The neural network does notneed to be taught. Learning is typically extremely time consuming.To be mappable to analog hardware, it is desirable that the neuralequations be deterministic. Two deterministic networks are devel-oped and compared. The ﬁrst operates at the zero temperature limit,the original Hopﬁeld network. The second employs the mean ﬁeldannealing algorithm. It is shown that with only a moderate increasein computational requirements, the mean ﬁeld approach producesfar superior results.
Investigation of mixing mechanisms and energy balance in reactive extrusion using three-dimensional numerical simulation method

The polymerization of e-caprolactone in fully-filled conveying elements of co-rotating twin-screw extruders was analyzed with three-dimensional numerical simulation method. The effects of screw rotational speed, geometry of screw element, and initial conversion at the channel inlet on polymerization progression were studied. The simulation results show that polymerization is accelerated with increasing screw pitch, due to the increase in mixing intensity. With increasing screw rotational speed, the reaction could either slow down or speed up, depending on the viscosity of the reaction system. It is found that the advancement of polymerization depends on the competition among heat from reaction, viscous dissipation and heat loss through the wall surfaces.
Preparation of Neurofilament Protein from Guinea Pig Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord

: A simple and rapid method for preparation of enriched neurofilament protein from mammalian peripheral nerve or spinal cord is described. Tissue extracts from guinea pig nerve or spinal cord are fractionated by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on Sepharose 4B, and precipitation with ethanol. Molecular exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 4B, in which the neurofilament protein elutes quantitatively in the exclusion volume of the column, with little contamination by other proteins, is found to be a highly effective purification step. The protein is found to precipitate in ammonium sulfate fractions over a wide range of salt concentration, from 20 to 80% saturation. It is found to be quantitatively precipitated in 40% v/v ethanol-water. The preparative method described yields 0.25 mg of neurofilament protein per gram of nerve or spinal cord, with a purity of approximately 50%. The three principal neurofilament polypeptides, which have molecular weights by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 200K, 145K, and 68K, are found to be present in the preparation in a molar ratio of 1:2:6. A variant form of neurofilament protein occurring in approximately 20% of Hartley strain guinea pigs is described, which has the polypeptide composition: 200K, 192K, 145K, 68K.
Cell microarrays and RNA interference chip away at gene function

The recent development of cell microarrays offers the potential to accelerate high-throughput functional genetic studies. The widespread use of RNA interference (RNAi) has prompted several groups to fabricate RNAi cell microarrays that make possible discrete, in-parallel transfection with thousands of RNAi reagents on a microarray slide. Though still a budding technology, RNAi cell microarrays promise to increase the efficiency, economy and ease of genome-wide RNAi screens in metazoan cells.
Electrochemical deposition and stripping of copper, nickel and copper nickel alloy thin films at a polycrystalline gold surface: a combined voltammetry-coulometry-electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry study

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and coulometry were used in conjunction with electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for a study of the electrodeposition and stripping of Cu, Ni and CuNi alloy thin films at a polycrystalline Au surface. A deaerated Watts bath was employed for the electrodeposition of Ni and CuNi thin films, the bath containing Cu2+ ions (Ni:Cu = 200:1 mole ratio) in the latter case. These films showed the most satisfactory stripping in either 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M H2SO4. Coulometry was used in conjunction with EQCM data for mapping the (potentiostatic) plating efficiency as a function of deposition potential in the Cu and Ni systems. For the CuNi alloy, similar data were acquired by additionally utilizing XPS compositional information and assuming current additivity in the (non-interactive) co deposition of Cu and Ni. Finally, the feasibility of employing the combined ASV-EQCM technique for analysis of CuNi/Ni bilayers is presented.
Effects of clausal structure on subject-verb agreement errors

This paper explores the effect of manipulating the internal structure of a complex subject on the incidence of subject-verb agreement errors. Using the sentence completion task (Bock & Miller, 1991), this study followed up on Vigliocco and Nicol's (1995) finding that the syntactic distance between a head noun and a number-mismatching noun contained within a modifier has an impact on error incidence: the greater the distance, the lower the error rate. The study presented in this paper investigated whether this distance effect is purely syntactic; if so, then it would be expected that there would be fewer errors followingThe owner of the house which charmed the realtor... than followingThe owner of the house who charmed the realtors..., since in the latter, the mismatch is syntactically nearer the head noun. Results show no hint of a difference between the two, suggesting that the distance effect is more likely due totemporal distance rather than syntactic distance per se.
The geometry of products of minors

We consider the Newton polytope Σ(m, n) of the product of all minors of an m × n matrix of indeterminates. Using the fact that this polytope is the secondary polytope of the product Δmź1 × Δnź1 of simplices, and thus has faces corresponding to coherent polyhedral subdivisions of Δmź1 × Δnź1 we study facets of Σ(m, n), which correspond to the coarsest, nontrivial such subdivisions. We make use of the relation between secondary and fiber polytopes, which in this case gives a representation of Σ(m, n) as the Minkowski average of all m × n transportation polytopes.
Non-Military Security in the Wider Middle East

Most studies on Middle East security focus on traditional threats such as military aggression and terrorism. This draft report examines the scope and dimensions of a broadened regional security agenda. It focuses on three specific issues: the opium trade in Central and Southwest Asia; unregulated population movements from the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and North Africa; and maritime piracy around the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Although Washington is not directly affected by any of these "soft" or "grey area" challenges, they are relevant for the United States in at least five respects. First, they represent a subset of the transnational problems that both the Clinton and Bush administrations have emphasized as a growing threat to national and international stability (such as international organized crime, corruption and generalized non-state violence and chaos). Second, they have, in varying degrees, undermined and distorted institutional state capacity, trade and (legitimate) economic growth in...
Some Dynamic Considerations in the Resistance to Methadone Maintenance

Patients who presented with a request for a dosage change of their maintenance methadone were intensively evaluated to understand the dynamic significance and precipitating factors of this request. The types of precipitating stresses and the meanings of these stresses to the patient were studied.While 100 per cent of the patients presented with medication change as a chief and sole request or complaint, 74 per cent of the patients were clinically depressed at the time of their presentation. Ninety-three per cent of these patients had precipitants of major entrances or exits (separations) into or out of their life within the seven days prior to presentation; most of these events occurred within forty-eight hours of presentation.In examining the dynamically significant predecessors to these events and the implication of sensitivities subsequently in the patient, 74 per cent of these patients were found to have lost a parent during their development (up to age eighteen) by a divorce, death, or separation.Imp...
Effectiveness of treatments for metastatic uveal melanoma.

Purpose To evaluate and comment on published peer-reviewed literature for evidence of effectiveness of treatments for metastatic uveal melanoma. Design Analytical nonexperimental study of published peer-reviewed data. Methods Literature search and analysis of pertinent articles published between January 1, 1980 and June 30, 2008. Results Of 80 identified publications, 12 (15.0%) were review articles without original information, 2 (2.5%) were review articles combined with case reports, 22 (27.5%) were case reports, 16 (20.0%) were retrospective descriptive case series reports, 3 (3.75%) were pilot studies of a novel intervention, 2 (2.5%) were prospective phase I clinical trials, 8 (10.0%) were prospective phase I/II clinical trials, and 15 (18.75%) were prospective phase II clinical trials. None of the articles reported a prospective, randomized phase III clinical trial. The largest reported unselected patient groups had a median survival of 3 to 4 months after detection of metastasis, whereas the largest selected patient groups showed substantially longer median survival times. Conclusions Although median survival time after diagnosis of metastatic uveal melanoma tends to be substantially longer in selected patient subgroups subjected to aggressive invasive interventions than it is in unselected groups, much if not most of this apparent difference in survival is likely to be attributable to selection bias, surveillance bias, and publication bias rather than treatment-induced alteration of expected outcome. Published peer-reviewed articles do not provide compelling scientific evidence of any survival benefit of any method of treatment for any subgroup of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.
Disaster Preparedness at the National Archives of Zimbabwe: An Appraisal

Disaster may be inevitable but a well thought out recovery plan will minimize their effects. It is important never to think that a disaster cannot happen. It is crucial in fact to think the opposite. Every effort should be made to curb the effects of disasters, because archives preserve and make accessible for use by the government, scholars and the general public the historical, cultural and educational resources contained in the documents. Archives act as repositories for records of a culture’s existence, and these records reflect the scholarly and creative efforts of a civilization as well as its social and historical interaction. It is against this backdrop that every effort should be made by national archival institutions to contain disasters of any kind. Archives are a gift from the past to the future, collected in the hope that what a generation has thought, created and discovered will be a source of pleasure and assistance for generations to come, so they have to be guarded jealously. The adage that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure is never more true than in the case of archival disaster planning and prevention. ESARBICA Journal Vol.20 2001: 114-116
Domain-independent text segmentation using anisotropic diffusion and dynamic programming

This paper presents a novel domain-independent text segmentation method, which identifies the boundaries of topic changes in long text documents and/or text streams. The method consists of three components: As a preprocessing step, we eliminate the document-dependent stop words as well as the generic stop words before the sentence similarity is computed. This step assists in the discrimination of the sentence semantic information. Then the cohesion information of sentences in a document or a text stream is captured with a sentence-distance matrix with each entry corresponding to the similarity between a sentence pair. The distance matrix can be represented with a gray-scale image. Thus, a text segmentation problem is converted into an image segmentation problem. We apply the anisotropic diffusion technique to the image representation of the distance matrix to enhance the semantic cohesion of sentence topical groups as well as sharpen topical boundaries. At last, the dynamic programming technique is adapted to find the optimal topical boundaries and provide a zoom-in and zoom-out mechanism for topics access by segmenting text in variable numbers of sentence topical groups. Our approach involves no domain-specific training, and it can be applied to texts in a variety of domains. The experimental results show that our approach is effective in text segmentation and outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Epigenetic Repression of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection by the Nucleosome Remodeler CHD3

ABSTRACT Upon infection, the genome of herpes simplex virus is rapidly incorporated into nucleosomes displaying histone modifications characteristic of heterochromatic structures. The initiation of infection requires complex viral-cellular interactions that ultimately circumvent this repression by utilizing host cell enzymes to remove repressive histone marks and install those that promote viral gene expression. The reversion of repression and activation of viral gene expression is mediated by the cellular coactivator HCF-1 in association with histone demethylases and methyltransferases. However, the mechanisms and the components that are involved in the initial repression remain unclear. In this study, the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD3) protein is identified as an important component of the initial repression of the herpesvirus genome. CHD3 localizes to early viral foci and suppresses viral gene expression. Depletion of CHD3 results in enhanced viral immediate early gene expression and an increase in the number of transcriptionally active viral genomes in the cell. Importantly, CHD3 can recognize the repressive histone marks that have been detected in the chromatin associated with the viral genome and this remodeler is important for ultimately reducing the levels of accessible viral genomes. A model is presented in which CHD3 represses viral infection in opposition to the actions of the HCF-1 coactivator complex. This dynamic, at least in part, determines the initiation of viral infection. IMPORTANCE Chromatin modulation of herpesvirus infection is a dynamic process involving regulatory components that mediate suppression and those that promote viral gene expression and the progression of infection. The mechanisms by which the host cell employs the assembly and modulation of chromatin as an antiviral defense strategy against an invading herpesvirus remain unclear. This study defines a critical cellular component that mediates the initial repression of infecting HSV genomes and contributes to understanding the dynamics of this complex interplay between host cell and viral pathogen.
An order-of-magnitude approximation for the hybrid terms in the compressible hybrid RANS/LES governing equations

The present work follows up our previous development in the compressible hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/large eddy simulation (LES) methodology (M. Sanchez-Rocha and S. Menon, The compressible hybrid RANS/LES formulation using an additive operator, J. Comput. Phys. 228 (2009), pp. 2037–2062). In that original work, the exact compressible hybrid RANS/LES (HRL) equations were formally derived revealing the existence of additional hybrid terms (HT) that depend explicitly on the LES and RANS variables. The importance of the exact equations was established in flat-plate turbulent boundary layers, demonstrating that the law-of-the-wall could not be accurately reproduced if the HT were not included. Unfortunately, the new HT could not be directly computed since it is required to reconstruct the LES variables from the hybrid field—a task that is equivalent to an inverse filtering operation that in general is ill-conditioned. Therefore, in our original work, parallel LES simulations were conducted t...
The Emergence of Lyme Disease and Human Babesiosis in a Changing Environment

This pattern of spread of Lyme disease and its vectors in the northeastern United States and Europe derives from the recent proliferation of deer, and the abundance of deer derives from the process of reforestation now taking place throughout the North Temperate Zone of the world. Residential development seems to favor small tree-enclosed meadows interspersed with strips of woodland, a "patchiness" much prized by deer, mice, and humans. As a result, increasingly large numbers of people live where risk of Lyme disease and babesiosis is intense. The agents of these infections, that once were transmitted enzootically by an exclusively rodent-feeding vector, have become zoonotic.
The reproductive versatility of eastern gamagrass

Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], a native, warm-season species, is a nutritious and palatable forage for grazing livestock. The grass has potential for rangeland and pasture improvement. This field study was conducted over 10 yr and one location to determine the reproductive characteristics of the various cytotypes of Tripsacum and identify methods for breeding agronomically superior cultivars. Intra- and interspecific crosses were made and evaluated between several Tripsacum cytotypes. Cytological and polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) techniques were used to identify methods of reproduction and types of individuals generated. Results of the study identified two methods for facilitating horizontal gene flow among sexual and apomictic cytotypes. Materials with triploid and hexaploid constitutions were essential in the movement of sexual germplasm into apomictic tetraploids and of tetraploid germplasm into sexual diploids, respectively. Triploids and hexaploids were useful materials to introgress and transfer desirable alleles across species, cytotypes, and reproductive barriers. In addition, the generation of triploid and hexaploid genotypes will continue to exert major influences on Tripsacum evolution and speciation. This study identified additional methods and systems for improving Tripsacum germ-plasm by utilizing its distant relative maize (Zea mays L.) in a breeding or genetic evaluation program.
Electron capture into the 4s state of atomic hydrogen by H/sup +/ impact on noble gases

Cross sections for electron capture into the 4s state of hydrogen have been measured for 10--150-keV protons incident upon He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The cross-section curves for each gas reach an apparent maximum in this projectile-energy range. The values for Kr and Xe are consistent with an n/sup -3/ scaling in previous 3s capture-cross-section measurements in this projectile range. The He, Ne, and Ar values are in excellent agreement with previously reported measurements above 60 keV but give consistently higher values than those measurements at the lower energies. There are no comparable Kr and Xe values in the literature. The shape and magnitude of the excitation functions for these gases indicate that the internal structure of the target atom is an important factor in the charge-transfer process.
Association of gastric hypoacidity with opportunistic enteric infections in patients with AIDS.

To determine the relation and possible significance of gastric hypoaciditity to chronic diarrhea in AIDS, patients with and without chronic (greater than 1 month) diarrhea underwent fasting gastric juice pH measurement and microbiologic study and upper and lower endoscopy with biopsy. All 8 patients with diarrhea and high gastric pH (greater than 3; mean, 6.1 +/- 1.0) had gastric bacterial overgrowth (greater than 10(4) bacteria/mL) along with opportunistic enteropathogens in the duodenum or rectosigmoid, but only 1 of 6 patients with diarrhea and gastric pH in the normal range (less than or equal to 3; mean, 1.9 +/- 0.7) had overgrowth or an opportunistic enteropathogen. By contrast, all but 1 of 9 controls (AIDS patients without diarrhea) had normal fasting gastric pH (mean, 2.9 +/- 1.5). Overall, the presence of gastric hypoacidity was associated with identification of opportunistic enteropathogens (P = .035). Thus, gastric hypoacidity is associated with quantitative bacterial overgrowth and opportunistic enteric infections and may be etiologically important in the pathophysiology of the chronic diarrhea seen in some AIDS patients.
Partitioning of hexavalent chromium in temperature-sensitive, polyelectrolyte hydrogels

Abstract Partitioning data for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are presented for systems where thermally sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA)-based hydrogels are in contact with aqueous solutions of potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ). The poly-NIPA hydrogels contain 0–3% quatemized amine comonomer. Experimental results are given for the effect of gel charge, ionic strength and temperature on the partitioning of Cr(VI) into these NIPA-copolymer gels. At low ionic strength, the partition coefficient increases with the content of quatemized amine. The effect of rising temperature is to increase the partition coefficient. Swelling equilibria in aqueous K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solutions decrease with ionic strength and, at ionic strengths
Scale-up of SAPO-34 membranes for CO2/CH4 separation

Abstract High flux SAPO-34 membranes on porous, tubular stainless steel supports with CO2/CH4 separation selectivities greater than 200 were scaled up from 5 cm length to 25 cm (a factor of 7.5 increase in membrane area). The preparation of the 25-cm membranes required a more dilute synthesis gel and shorter crystallization times to avoid excess build-up of zeolite crystals at the bottom of the membrane tubes. These changes yielded 25-cm membranes with similar permeances and selectivities to those of the 5-cm membranes. Aluminum sources, gel compositions, and synthesis procedures were systematically investigated to lower the membrane cost, optimize the separation performance, and obtain good reproducibility. The CO2 permeances of the 25-cm membranes were approximately 5 × 10−7 mol/(m2 s Pa) at 295 K for a feed pressure of 138 kPa and a 50/50 feed.
Exploring the Role of Social Connectedness Among Military Youth: Perceptions from Youth, Parents, and School Personnel

The increased stress on military families during wartime can be particularly difficult for adolescents. The current study employed 11 focus groups with military youth, parents, and school personnel working with military youth to better understand how youth and their families cope with stressors faced as result of living in a military family. An inductive approach was used for data analysis, where two coders and the lead author coded the transcripts until saturation was achieved. Matrices and data display models were developed to make comparisons across participant groups. Findings revealed that military youth are most worried about making frequent moves and having a parent deployed. However, youth and their parents who had better social connections to each other, their peers, and their neighborhoods appeared to make better adjustments to these challenges. School personnel reported that more military families needed to become aware of the services offered to help families cope effectively. Implications for future research and intervention programs for military youth and their families are discussed.
Scoring Approach to Construction Bond Underwriting

This paper introduces a conceptual scoring-based contractor evaluation system to address the problems created by the subjective nature of surety underwriting process. The methodology presented in this paper provides the surety underwriters with an objective tool for estimating the probability that the evaluated contractor would perform in a satisfactory manner with respect to the main decision factors considered in the bond underwriting process. The proposed model could be used by decision makers to prescreen contractors and make underwriting decisions. The paper first discusses the construction bond underwriting process and provides a brief introduction to the scoring technique as the modeling environment used in this paper. Then, the three steps included in the development of the proposed scoring system are presented in detail followed by an example demonstrating the application of the final product.
Open-state conformation of the KcsA K+ channel: Monte Carlo normal mode following simulations.

Summary Potassium channels fluctuate between closed and open states. The detailed mechanism of the conformational changes opening the intracellular pore in the K + channel from Streptomyces lividans (KcsA) is unknown. Applying Monte Carlo normal mode following, we find that gating involves rotation and unwinding of the TM2 bundle, lateral movement of the TM2 helices away from the channel axis, and disappearance of the TM2 bundle. The open-state conformation of KcsA exhibits a very wide inner vestibule, with a radius ∼5–7 A and inner helices bent at the A98–G99 hinge. Computed conformational changes demonstrate that spin labeling and X-ray experiments illuminate different stages in gating: transition begins with clockwise rotation of the TM2 helices ending at a final state with the TM2 bend hinged near residues A98–G99. The concordance between the computational and experimental results provides atomic-level insights into the structural rearrangements of the channel's inner pore.
MEASURING ACTIVITIES IN CLINICAL TRIALS USING RANDOM WORK SAMPLING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF THE INTERVENTION

Determining research-related costs from intervention-related costs is important for both clinical and health services research. Often this task involves estimating what proportion of the workday personnel spend on a variety of activities. We used a portable random reminder beeper to measure the daily work activities and contacts of study nurses within the context of a multi-site randomized trial designed to assess the effectiveness of primary care. Nurses recorded 4920 work activities over 140 consecutive workdays. Research-related activities consumed the largest proportion of the workday, 42.5% (95% CI, 38.1-46.7) followed by patient care, 28.8% (24.1-33.2), personal time 16.4% (12.0-20.7), and time spent in transit 12.5% (9.1-15.9). Because this research-related time is spent performing tasks specific to the enrollment of patients and measurement of outcome variables, we will use an adjusted annual salary for these nurses (from $56,392-$32,425) when attributing costs of the intervention in cost-effectiveness analyses and for future management projections. Work sampling is a flexible, inexpensive method that was well accepted by the nurses in this study. Our results provide important insights into the costs analysis of complex interventions involving health professionals and may allow us to explore why the intervention worked or did not work at individual sites.
Tier buildings with shear cores, bracing, and setbacks

Abstract The theory of bending and torsion in thin-walled members of open cross section is applied to shear cores included within the analytical model of the tier building. Representative types of bracing arrangements are also considered and their stiffnesses augment those of the beams, columns and shear walls. Changes in floor plan, referred to as “setbacks”, further complicate the analysis; but a relatively simple routine allows automatic handling of this characteristic. Computer programs named STATIER and DYNATIER include all of these features within the linear static and dynamic analyses of three-dimensional multi-story buildings. Results for a twenty-story structure demonstrate the significance of the interaction between a shear core and the skeletal framing. The effect of warping restraints upon the stresses in the shear core is large at the base but diminishes rapidly with height. The normal stress at the base associated with the bimoment is of the same order of magnitude as that due to the combination of biaxial bending and axial force.
EXPLORATIONS IN COMBINATORIAL REASONING: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY OF LEARNERS

ABSTRACT In this article I describe and comment on a combinatorics exploration that occurred as part of a recent course. This is presented to help characterize the kind of learning communities we may seek to establish with our students. I also identify factors underlying two pedagogical decisions that influenced the outcome of the activity. Ultimately, the narrative may stimulate continued discussion of our evolving roles as mathematics educators.
Arresting Al-Bashir: The African Union's Opposition and the Legalities

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction when genocide, war crimes and/or crimes against humanity as defined in the Rome Statute are committed either (1) in the territory of a member state, (2) by nationals of a member state or (3) when the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter refers a specific situation to the ICC. The African Union (AU) has qualms with the third way of acquiring jurisdiction – article 13(b) of the Rome Statute. Some writers have joined the AU’s concern, arguing that article 13(b) ‘violates the global constitution’, seemingly referring to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) which is widely held as a code of customary international law. Even though the ICC is an independent and permanent international criminal court brought into a relationship with the United Nations system by an agreement, it is subjected to some discretionary powers of the UNSC. The latter can stop commencement or proceeding of investigation or prosecution for a period of
Noninvasive Measurement of Viable Cell Number in Tissue-Engineered Constructs in Vitro, Using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Noninvasive monitoring of tissue-engineered constructs is of critical importance for accurate characterization of constructs and their remodeling in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated the utility of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to noninvasively quantify viable cell number in tissue-engineered substitutes in vitro. Agarose disk-shaped constructs containing betaTC3 cells were employed as the model tissue-engineered system. Two construct prototypes containing different initial cell numbers were monitored by localized, water-suppressed 1H NMR spectroscopy over the course of 13 days. (1)H NMR measurements of the total choline resonance at 3.2 ppm were compared with results from the traditional cell viability assay MTT and with insulin secretion rates. Results show a strong linear correlation between total choline and MTT (R (2) = 0.86), and between total choline and insulin secretion rate (R (2) = 0.90). Overall, this study found noninvasive measurement of total choline to be an accurate and nondestructive assay for monitoring viable betaTC3 cell numbers in tissue-engineered constructs. The applicability of this method to in vivo monitoring is also discussed.
SU-E-T-522: Analysis of SCERMA-to-KERMA Ratio for Megavoltage Photons.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between the primary SCERMA, Sp, and the primary collision KERMA, Kcp, as a function of depth for clinically relevant energy spectra, and to accurately model the SCERMA to KERMA ratio (SKR) for clinical photon beams. Method and Materials: Sp, Kcp, Sp / Kcp (=SKR) for the energy spectra of Cobalt‐60 (Co‐60), and Mohan 4 MV, 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, and 24 MV photons are analytically calculated over depths from 0 to 40 centimeters in water. The Sp and Kcp are fitted to exponential functions, Sp0exp(−μ′d(l−η′d)) and Kp0exp(−μd(l‐ηd)), respectively, with depth d, linear attenuation coefficient μ and beam hardening coefficient η; μ′ and η′ are the corresponding quantities for Sp. The relationships between μ′, η′, and SKR vs. μ are examined. Trends between the fitting parameters and μ were also determined, and the results applied to model the SKR of 6× and 15× clinical beams as functions of only μ, η, and depth. Results: SKR decreases with depth for all spectra. We found μ′ = (0.80496 + 4.8748μ)μ + 0.005736 and η′ = (−0.13076 + 2.6571μ)μ + 0.0036151 for 0.0273/cm<=μ<0.0392/cm, and μ′ = 0.87718μ + 0.010864 and η′ =(−0.009 – 0.50122μ)μ + 0.0037 for 0.0392/cm <= μ <= 0.0667/cm. This model predicts the normalized SKR/(SKR(d=0)) with a relative deviation of 0.1% and max deviation of 1%. SKR/(SKR(d=0)) from clinical beams 6× and 15× is examined to be in agreement with analytic computation from spectral data with 1% and 0.5% maximum error, respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge of normalized SKR is a necessary to calculate scatter dose accurately. We have developed an empirical model to calculate the normalized SKR to be used for clinical (scatter) dose calculation and consequently improve dose calculation accuracy.
Prediction of Peierls stresses for different crystals

Abstract It is a long outstanding question whether or not the Peierls stress for a given slip system of a crystal can be quantitatively determined. This paper concerns the prediction of this stress for a wide range of crystals, using a new theoretical Peierls stress equation. It is shown that the prediction is in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Comparison with atomistic calculations illustrates that the accuracy of the prediction may degenerate greatly in the cases where the spreading of the dislocation core is non-planar and the application of an external stress changes the core structure significantly. It is suggested that the magnitude of the Peierls stress is determined primarily by the geometrical configuration of the dislocation core.
Beyond the inflationary border.

Observational data now offer strong support for inflation — a period of exponentially fast expansion in the early history of the Universe. But is the theory complete?
Three types of Family Environment Scale profiles: Functional, distressed, and abusive families

In order to facilitate the interpretation of Family Environment Scale (FES) profiles, Moos and Moos (1976, 1984) developed a typology of family environments based on data drawn from a representative community sample. The present study attempts to extend this work by describing three types of FES profiles from abusive, distressed (clinic referred for child behavior problems), and functional families. All families were impoverished, single parent, and mother-headed. Data were gathered in their homes. Profile types for the three groups and implications for intervention are discussed.
Wettability and Its Effect on Oil Recovery

wide acceptance of the conclusion that most reservoirs are at wettability conditions other than VSWW. This conclusion has led to a resurgence of interest in satisfactory proce­ dures for measuring reservoir wettability and determining its effect on oil recovery, especially with respect to waterflooding. De­ termination of reservoir wettability and its effect on oil recovery by methods that in­ volve core samples will be referred to as ad­ vanced core analysis for wettability (ACAW). Reservoir wettability is not a simply de­ fined property. Classification of reservoirs as water-wet or oil-wet is a gross oversim­ plification. Various procedures for meas­ uring wettability have been proposed. Two methods of quantifying wettability based on rocklbrine/oil displacement behavior, the modified Amott test 2 and the USBM test, 3 are in common use. Each method depends on water saturation measurements and re­ lated capillary pressures or flow conditions to define a wettability scale. The tests show that reservoir wettability can cover a broad spectrum of wetting conditions that range from VSWW to very strongly oil-wet. With­ in this range, complex mixed-wettability conditions given by combinations of preferentially water-wet and oil-wet surfaces have been identified. In this paper, the 'adopted scales of reservoir wettability and their relationships to interface boundary con­ ditions are considered together with the dra­ matic effects that wettability can have on oil recovery.
High-resolution photothermal ionization spectroscopy of lithium-related shallow donors in germanium

High-resolution (0.10 cm/sup -1/ full width at half maximum) photothermal ionization spectroscopy has resolved the ground-state splitting of interstitial lithium into a singlet (E/sub 1S/(A/sub 1/)-E +- = 66.61 cm/sup -1/) and a triplet (E/sub 1S/(T/sub 2/)-E +- = 66.98 cm/sup -1/, and resolved four different 1S states of the D(Li,O) complex: E/sub 1S/-E +- = 61.75, 66.54, 67.05, and 70.50 cm/sup -1/. In silicon-rich samples with (Li)>(O), a new complex, D(Li, X), was observed with E/sub 1S/-E +- = 70.72 and 67.24 cm/sup -1/.
Diblock Copolymer Surfactants in Immiscible Homopolymer Blends: Interfacial Bending Elasticity

Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) has been used to calculate the Helfrich bending elastic constants for monolayers of AB diblock copolymers at interfaces between immiscible A and B homopolymer li...
Interaction between childhood trauma and serotonin transporter gene variation in suicide

Although the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) contributes to depression and suicidality in a fashion modulated by environmental stress, 5-HTTLPR has been little examined in relation to suicidal behavior in substance dependence. Recently, a third functional allele of 5-HTTLPR was discovered enabling more of the interindividual variation in serotonin transporter expression to be predicted by genotype. We examined whether the 5-HTTLPR gene alone, or interacting with childhood trauma, was predictive of suicidal behavior in substance-dependent patients, a clinical population that is at high risk of suicide, as well as childhood trauma and other stress. We interviewed 306 abstinent male African-American substance-dependent patients about whether they had ever attempted suicide and administered the 34-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients and 132 male African-American controls were genotyped to determine the S, L(G), and L(A) 5-HTTLPR alleles; some analyses grouped the S and L(G) alleles on the basis of equivalent function. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes did not differ between patients and controls, nor between suicide attempters and non-attempters. However, patients with low expression 5-HTTLPR genotypes and above-median CTQ scores were more likely to have attempted suicide. Logistic regression showed increasing risk of a suicide attempt with increasing reports of childhood trauma scores; in addition, this increase was exaggerated among those with low expression forms of the 5-HTTLPR genotype. Childhood trauma interacts with low expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes to increase the risk of suicidal behavior among patients with substance dependence.
The Black Hand: Terror by Letter in Chicago

The alien conspiracy theory argues that organized crime in American society evolved in a linear fashion beginning with the Mafia in Sicily, emerging in the form of the Black Hand in America's immigrant colonies, and culminating in the development of the Cosa Nostra in America's urban centers. This research challenges the alien conspiracy theory by reviewing the history of Black Hand activity in the city of Chicago and argues that the development of Black Hand extortion was not related to the emergence of the Sicilian Mafia but was rooted in the social structure of American society.
Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Pleistocene Beach Sands near Charleston, South Carolina

Abstract:Liquefaction potential of four Pleistocene beach sand deposits in the Greater Charleston area, South Carolina, is assessed. The assessment is based on a review of 51 sites of conspicuous craterlets and horizontal ground displacement that occurred in beach sand deposits during the 1886 Charleston earthquake and an analysis of 82 seismic cone penetration tests with pore-pressure measurements. Of the 51 ground failure sites, 23 are associated with the Ten Mile Hill beds; 13 with the Wando Formation; 13 with the Silver Bluff terrace and younger deposits that lie adjacent to the harbor, rivers, and creeks; and two with the Ladson Formation. Liquefaction potential is analyzed using the seismic cone data with and without correction for age-related processes (diagenesis) and then expressed in terms of the liquefaction potential index (LPI). Probability curves are developed from the LPI calculations for different earthquake ground-shaking parameters. The probability curves for the Wando Formation overpred...
Interaction of atomic hydrogen and nitrogen with graphite surfaces.

RECENT optical studies of the topographical changes occurring at graphite surfaces during oxidation indicate that the cores of non-basal dislocations are often the preferred sites for attack by O2 molecules1. The orientation of the hexagonal etch pits on the graphite basal plane reveal that below 800° C the oxidation rate is faster in the 〈10&1bar;0〉 than in the 〈11&2bar;0〉 directions, whereas the reverse is true above 1,000° C (ref. 2).
Ingrown Toenail: Results of Surgical Treatment*:

When an ingrown toenail is unresponsive to simple treatment methods, surgical treatment options are available. At our institution, 100 patients with 142 affected toes were surgically treated by one...
Changes in weight loss and lipid profiles after a dietary purification program: a prospective case series

Objective The purpose of this case series was to describe immediate changes to weight and lipid profiles after a 21-day Standard Process whole food supplement and dietary modification program.
Design of Low-Power Memory-Efficient Viterbi Decoder

This paper presents a new low-power memory-efficient trace-back (TB) scheme for high constraint length Viterbi decoder (VD). With the trace-back modifications and path merging techniques, up to 50% memory read operations in the survivor memory unit (SMU) can be reduced. The memory size of SMU can be reduced by 33% and the decoding latency can be reduced by 14%. The simulation results show that compared to the conventional TB scheme, the performance loss of this scheme is negligible.
ON THE STRUCTURE AND SEQUENCE OF ISSUE EVOLUTION

Iiow do political issues arise, and come to affect political party politics? We develop a theory and model of issue evolution, illustrating both by examining the dynamic evolution of the issue of racial desegregation. Our modeling concerns two central problems: (1) the structure of the evolution-a pattern of dynamic causality between the early policy cues from professional politicians, in Congress in the case at hand, and later mass response, and (2) the sequence of changes in elite behavior, changes in mass perceptions of party issue stances, changes in mass affect toward the parties, and changes in party identifications among citizens. We suggest that the causal process developed for the racial case is quite general for other times, other nations, and other issues. The theory of issue evolution is developed as a general statement of the organic connection between elite and mass behavior, a working model of the dynamics of American politics across time and issues.
Chemical control of the DNA light switch: cycling the switch ON and OFF.

pronounced changes were observed for solutions of 2 in the presence of ct-DNA. As a consequence of ﷿-stacking aggregation of 1 and 2 in aqueous media, 13 fitting of the absorption changes of each complex as a function of DNA concentration to obtain binding constants was not possible. An increase in the relative viscosity of herring sperm DNA solutions similar to that measured for the intercalator ethidium bromide was observed upon addition of each metal complex (Supporting Information), consistent with their DNA intercalation. 14