cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning to Collaborate in COINs: Insights from a multidisciplinary global virtual collaboration

This paper presents insights from an interdisciplinary collaborative venture in the virtual environment between four university teams. The venture, which is called the COINs course, was designed to enable students to learn experientially how to use the tools of dynamic social network analysis (DSNA) through a variety of projects. Collaborating across disciplines requires team members to rapidly and clearly communicate and demonstrate the value of key principles, processes, and work practices while negotiating multiple levels of complexity, knowledge cultures, skills, and capabilities. This paper explores these complexities, documents insights gained through experience, and proposes a framework for future GVT collaboration.
A hierarchical data structure for representing assemblies: part I

Abstract A data structure representing assemblies in a database can be divided into two parts. The first part is the data structure used to store topological and geometric information on each component in an assembly. The second part is the data structure used to store information on how all the components in an assembly are connected. Any existing ‘boundary representation’ scheme can be used to represent each component. In this paper, a winged-edge data representation with extensions to handle multiply-connected faces is recommended. A tree structure using the concept of ‘virtual link’ is created to represent the relationships between the components in an assembly.
Human biochemical genetics: an insight into inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) include a broad spectrum of defects of various gene products that affect intermediary metabolism in the body. Studying the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of those inherited disorder, systematically summarizing the disease phenotype and natural history, providing diagnostic rationale and methodology and treatment strategy comprise the context of human biochemical genetics. This session focused on: (1) manifestations of representative metabolic disorders; (2) the emergent technology and application of newborn screening of metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry; (3) principles of managing IEM; (4) the concept of carrier testing aiming prevention. Early detection of patients with IEM allows early intervention and more options for treatment.
Overdiagnosis and Underdiagnosis of Personality Disorders in Older Adults

Objective Recent evidence suggests that some of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorder (PD) criteria contain measurement bias across age groups. Specifically, this research showed that younger and older adults were differentially likely to endorse certain PD criteria, even when both groups were statistically matched using mechanisms of item response theory (IRT) for degree of PD pathology. For the analyses presented here, the authors used data from a large epidemiological study (N = 43,093), the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, to examine the influence of this item-level measurement bias for reaching accurate algorithmic PD diagnoses of older adults. Methods Joint probability analyses were used to determine the net effect of the item-level bias on the possible over- or underdiagnosis of six PDs in older adults. Results When older adults were compared to younger adults at equivalent levels of PD pathology, they were more likely to receive diagnoses of obsessive-compulsive and schizoid PDs. In contrast, they were less likely to receive diagnoses of avoidant and dependent PDs. Younger and older adults were equally likely to receive diagnoses of histrionic and paranoid PDs. Of the seven PDs assessed in this dataset, only these six lend themselves to this type of analysis; antisocial PD differs because a diagnosis depends upon the presence of conduct disorder. Conclusion These findings raise concerns regarding the interpretation of existing older adult PD prevalence data.
Dosimetric Effect of Sparing the Primary Site for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Transoral Laser Microsurgery

Purpose/Objective(s): To quantify the effect of sparing the primary site after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Materials/Methods: We reviewed five patients who were treated with TLM and post-operative radiation. All patients were staged T1 of the base of tongue with 1 patient being N1, 3 being N2 and 1 N3. 1 patient’s tumor extended bilaterally, 3 were lateralized to the right, and 1 lateralized to the left. All patients were treated using 9-field, step-and-shoot, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to the primary site and at risk neck(s). The prescribed dose to the high risk (HR) and standard risk (SR) planning target volumes (PTVs) was 60 Gy and 46 Gy at 2 Gy/fx, respectively. We re-planned these patients with the purpose of sparing the primary site. PTV-SR and PTV-HR were adjusted to exclude the primary site from the treatment volumes. Re-plans were performed such that the primary site was maximally spared while maintaining similar PTV coverage and normal tissue avoidance as the initial, standard treated plan. Results: Dosimetric results are shown in the table. Both plans were able to adequately (at least 95% of the target volume receives 100% of the prescribed dose) cover the PTVs and similarly spare normal tissues (spinal cord, brainstem, contralateral parotid, ipsilateral cochlea, and larynx). The mean dose to the primary site was reduced by 33% (19 Gy) and the mean dose to the oral cavity was reduced by 50% (24 Gy). The conformity index was worse when the primary site was spared. Conclusions: Reducing the mean dose delivered to oropharynx after TLM by approximately 20 Gy is feasible using 9-field, step and shoot, IMRT. Sparing the primary site post TLM may yield reductions in toxicity.
Comparative transcriptomics of convergent evolution: Different genes but conserved pathways underlie caste phenotypes across lineages of eusocial insects

An area of great interest in evolutionary genomics is whether convergently evolved traits are the result of convergent molecular mechanisms. The presence of queen and worker castes in insect societies is a spectacular example of convergent evolution and phenotypic plasticity. Multiple insect lineages have evolved environmentally induced alternative castes. Given multiple origins of eusociality in Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps), it has been proposed that insect castes evolved from common genetic "toolkits" consisting of deeply conserved genes. Here, we combine data from previously published studies on fire ants and honey bees with new data for Polistes metricus paper wasps to assess the toolkit idea by presenting the first comparative transcriptome-wide analysis of caste determination among three major hymenopteran social lineages. Overall, we found few shared caste differentially expressed transcripts across the three social lineages. However, there is substantially more overlap at the levels of pathways and biological functions. Thus, there are shared elements but not on the level of specific genes. Instead, the toolkit appears to be relatively "loose," that is, different lineages show convergent molecular evolution involving similar metabolic pathways and molecular functions but not the exact same genes. Additionally, our paper wasp data do not support a complementary hypothesis that "novel" taxonomically restricted genes are related to caste differences.
Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems in the Presence of Inter-Cell Interference

Abstract - A new inter-cell interference aware channel estimation technique for OFDM systems is presented. In the proposed algorithm, user equipment (UE) jointly detects the channel weights of the communication links associated with the serving and the interfering cells. Performance benefits of the proposed method are demonstrated by considering the OFDMA downlink as defined in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). The raw bit error rate results with the new estimation technique and the well-known least squares (LS) channel estimator are compared in the presence of one dominant inter-cell interferer.
Oxidant-induced cell death in retinal pigment epithelium cells mediated through the release of apoptosis-inducing factor

In the present study, the pathways involved in oxidant-induced cell death of a primary cell of the retina, ARPE-19, were investigated and compared with a leukemic cell, U937 cells. Both ARPE-19 and U937 cells exhibited similar viability when exposed to menadione. At lethal doses, both cell lines demonstrated extensive membrane blebbing. However, although U937 cells exhibited caspase-3, -9 PARP cleavage and 200 bp laddering, no such cleavage or laddering was noted in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, addition of exogenous cytochrome c and ATP to a cell-free system again resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 and -9 in extracts of U937 but not ARPE cells. Further studies in ARPE-19 cells undergoing menadione-induced cell death demonstrated mitochondrial membrane depolarization, release of cytochrome c, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and subsequent 50 kilo-base pair laddering, and nuclear shrinkage. All of these findings were abrogated by the pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. These findings demonstrate the complex nature of cell death in primary cells of the retina and highlight the role of caspase-independent signals, growth factors and intracellular survival factors in programmed cell death pathways.
Recursive computation of a wire-frame representation of a scene from dynamic stereo using belief functions

This paper presents a stereo algorithm to recursively compute a boundary-level structural description of a scene, from a sequence of stereo images. The majority of existing stereo algorithms deal with individual points as the basic primitive to match between two or more images. While this keeps the implementation simple, the output description, which is a depth/disparity map, is represented as a composition of individual points. This is often undesirable as no semblance of the underlying structure of the scene is explicitly represented. A stereo matching algorithm is presented, based on connected line segments as the basic match primitive, which yields a description composed primarily of boundaries of objects in the scene. A description of this nature is very useful for obstacle avoidance and path planning for mobile robots. The stereo matching algorithm is integrated into a dynamic stereo vision system to compute and incrementally refine such a structural description recursively, using belief functions. The stereo camera motion between two viewpoints, which is necessary to register the two views, is recovered as part of the stereo computations. The approach is illustrated with a real dynamic stereo sequence acquired from a mobile robot.
On the Number of Distinct State Assignments for a Sequential Machine

The determination of the number of distinct state assignments for a sequential machine has generally been made by the elimination of assignments that are the result of complementation or permutation of the state variables within a basic set of state assignments. For the D-type flip-flop, however, complementation may have an effect upon the cost of the control logic for a machine, leading, as some have interpreted it, to a new distinct state assignment. In this correspondence we reconsider the effect of complementation, showing that a new state assignment is produced only if the choice of Boolean form for the excitation expressions is restricted. This development unifies a previously unresolved question in determining the number of distinct state assignments for sequential machines that are implemented with D-type flip-flops.
The impact of a mass media campaign on personal risk perception, perceived self-efficacy and on other behavioural predictors

To determine whether an AIDS prevention mass media campaign influenced risk perception, self-efficacy and other behavioural predictors. We used household survey data collected from 2,213 sexually experienced male and female Kenyans aged 15–39. Respondents were administered a questionnaire asking them about their exposure to branded and generic mass media messages concerning HIV/AIDS and condom use. They were asked questions concerning their personal risk perception, self-efficacy, condom effectiveness, condom availability, and their embarrassment in obtaining condoms. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact of exposure to mass media messages on these predictors of behaviour change. Those exposed to branded advertising messages were significantly more likely to consider themselves at higher risk of acquiring HIV and to believe in the severity of AIDS. Exposure to branded messages was also associated with a higher level of personal self-efficacy, a greater belief in the efficacy of con...
Respiratory physiology of seizures.

Abstract:Comonitoring of seizures and respiratory function with pulse oximetry has shown that ictal respiratory changes (IRCs) accompany tonic–clonic convulsions and even partial seizures, especially those of temporal lobe origin. IRCs occur in children and adults, and diminished central drive is fr
Pattern transfer distortions in optical photomasks

For optical lithography to meet the high resolution and positioning accuracy required for sub-130 nm technology, it is essential to design and implement low distortion reticles. Using finite element modeling to simulate the processing steps of the optical photomask provides valuable insight into understanding and controlling the sources of distortion. The results presented here focus on the in-plane and out-of-plane distortions induced in the reticle due to pattern transfer, in particular illustrating how the pattern layout affects the induced image placement errors.
Microdetermination of boron in organic boron compounds

Abstract The procedures described utilize the Schoniger combustion technique for the initial decomposition of a wide variety of boron compounds. Any strong acids formed during the combustion are pretitrated coulometrically in a medium containing 25 to 30% methanol and sodium nitrate as supporting electrolyte. Pelletized mannitol is added after pretitration, and the system is retitrated for boric acid. Potentially interfering acids were studied in the presence of boric acid and found to show negligible effects. Usual sample sizes ranged from 2 to 7 mg. A single determination requires 20 to 25 min.
The Crash Compatibility of Cars and Light Trucks

This paper investigates the compatibility of cars, light trucks, and vans (LTVs) involved in traffic crashes. An analysis of U.S. crash statistics shows that, although LTVs currently account for approximately 1/3 of registered U.S. passenger vehicles, collisions between cars and LTVs account for over one half of all fatalities in light vehicle to vehicle crashes. In these crashes, 81% of the fatally injured were found to be occupants of the car. These statistics suggest that LTVs and passenger cars are incompatible in traffic crashes, and that LTVs are the more aggressive of the two vehicle classes. The fundamental incompatibility between cars and LTVs is observed even when the analysis is restricted to collisions between vehicles of model year 1990 and later, indicating that, despite the availability of newer safety countermeasures, the incompatibility of cars and LTVs will persist in future fleets. The paper explores the design imbalances between cars and LTVs, e.g., mass, stiffness, and geometry, which lead to these severe crash incompatibilities.
The ATM protein kinase and cellular redox signaling: Beyond the DNA damage response

The ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is best known for its role in the DNA damage response, but recent findings suggest that it also functions as a redox sensor that controls the levels of reactive oxygen species in human cells. Here, we review evidence supporting the conclusion that ATM can be directly activated by oxidation, as well as various observations from ATM-deficient patients and mouse models that point to the importance of ATM in oxidative stress responses. We also discuss the roles of this kinase in regulating mitochondrial function and metabolic control through its action on tumor suppressor p53, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), and how the regulation of these enzymes may be affected in ATM-deficient patients and in cancer cells.
Detailed in situ study of ion beam-induced amorphization of zircon

Abstract Single crystals of zircon (ZrSiO4) cut into (010) thin toils were irradiated with 700 and 1500 keV Kr+, 1500 keV Xe+ and 400 keV He+ ions to investigate the role of electronic or ionization process vs nuclear collision during damage accumulation. The irradiations were conducted at room temperature with in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using the HVEM Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The level and ratio of electronic and nuclear energy loss in the sample vary with the mass and energy of the ions. Analysis of 700, 1500 keV Kr + and 1500 keV Xe + irradiations demonstrated that zircon samples were amorphized at ~0.9 dpa (2.0–4.8 × 1014 ions/cm2: assuming displacement energy equals to 15 eV) regardless of the level of total ionization energy deposited. The 400 He+ irradiation, for which there was the highest electronic/nuclear energy loss ratio, was performed to 1× 1016 ions/cm2 at a much higher dose rate and gave no indication of amorphization. Therefore, displacement damage by nuclear collision must be the controlling mechanism in ion beam-induced amorphization of zircon.
NaCl Induces Differential Changes of Regional Vascular Reactivity in Salt-Sensitive Versus Salt-Resistant Men

The objective of our study was to determine the structural or functional factors which increase forearm vascular resistance (FAVR) during a high NaCl diet in salt-sensitive (SS) volunteers. We studied the effects of 20 v 200 mEq/day NaCl diets on FAVR responses to norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AII), nitroprusside, verapamil, and ischemia in 27 men. Twelve men had supine mean arterial pressure (MAP) on high NaCl which was greater than or equal to 5% above MAP on low NaCl and were consequently labeled SS. Eleven subjects had lower MAP on the high NaCl diet and were classified salt-resistant (SR). Basal FAVR was greater in SS (P less than .005) and unchanged in SR subjects on high (v low) NaCl. FAVR responses to NE and nitroprusside were not different between the two diets within either the SS or SR subgroups. FAVR responses to AII decreased during high NaCl in the SR (P less than .01), but not in the SS subset. The response to phentolamine and verapamil increased in SS (P less than or equal to .05) and tended to decrease in SR subjects (P less than .15) during high NaCl. In contrast, the vasodilator response to ischemia was impaired in the SS (P = .02) and enhanced in the SR (P = .02) group on high v low NaCl. Enhanced alpha-adrenergic and Ca2+ channel (verapamil)-dependent vascular tone probably contribute to the greater baseline FAVR in SS subjects on high NaCl. Failure to decrease vasoconstrictor responses to AII may indirectly contribute to their maladjustment of FAVR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A super-pixel QWIP focal plane array for imaging multiple waveband temperature sensor

Abstract The multi-waveband temperature sensor (MWTS) array, in which each super-pixel (2 × 2 pixel cell) operates at four distinct thermal infrared (IR) wavebands is being developed. Using this high spatial resolution, four-band thermal IR band detector array, accurate temperature measurements on the surface of an object can be made without prior knowledge of its exact emissivity. This multi-band detector involves intersubband transition in III–V semiconductor-based quantum layered structures. Each detector stack absorbs photons within the specified wavelength band while allowing the transmission of photons in other spectral bands, thus efficiently permitting multi-band detection. This produces multiple, spectrally resolved images of the scene that are recorded simultaneously in a single snapshot on the FPA. From the multispectral images and calibration information about the system, computational algorithms are used to evaluate the temperature on the surface of a target.
The geometry of Hrushovski constructions, I: The uncollapsed case

Abstract An intermediate stage in Hrushovski’s construction of flat strongly minimal structures in a relational language L produces ω -stable structures of rank ω . We analyze the pregeometries given by forking on the regular type of rank ω in these structures. We show that varying L can affect the (local) isomorphism type of the pregeometry, but not its finite subpregeometries. A sequel will compare these to the pregeometries of the strongly minimal structures.
The Connection between Dietary Phosphorus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality: Where We Stand and What We Need to Know

Disorders of phosphorus metabolism are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Because excess dietary phosphorus intake is common in the general population and plays a central role in disturbances in phosphorus homeostasis, these findings have fueled interest in restricting phosphorus intake as a potential therapy for improving cardiovascular outcomes. Although experimental and observational data support this possibility, current limitations in the assessment of dietary phosphorus consumption in free-living populations and the lack of reliable biomarkers of the effects of dietary phosphorus on cardiovascular health pose major barriers to the design and conduct of trials assessing the efficacy of phosphorus restriction in improving cardiovascular health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho are novel mediators of phosphorus metabolism that are tightly linked to dietary phosphorus intake and show promise as integrated biomarkers of phosphorus excess and its long-term health consequences. Advances in the understanding of how these hormones are associated with diet and phosphorus metabolism will likely bolster future efforts to assess the true health consequences of excess phosphorus intake and whether restricting phosphorus intake has salutary effects on cardiovascular health.
Synthesen und biologische Eigenschaften von Prostaglandinendoperoxiden, Thromboxanen und Prostacyclinen

Prostaglandine stehen nach wie vor im Blickpunkt chemischer und biologischer Forschung. Neuere experimentelle Ergebnisse sind kurzlich dahingehend gedeutet worden, das die physiologischen Wirkungen der Prostaglandine in Wirklichkeit uberwiegend von instabilen Stoffwechselzwischenprodukten - Endoperoxiden, Thromboxanen und Prostacyclin - hervorgerufen werden, die sich von der Arachidonsaure ableiten. Die Bedeutung dieser Verbindungen fur Physiologie und Medizin und die Herausforderung, die sie an die synthetische Chemie stellen, reiht sie in die vorderste Linie chemischer und biochemischer Forschung ein. Die biologischen Untersuchungen ziehen grosen Nutzen aus Fortschritten der chemischen Synthese, weil dadurch einige der naturlichen Zwischenprodukte in groseren Mengen sowie eine Reihe analoger, aber stabiler Verbindungen zuganglich geworden sind. - Nach einer kurzen Ubersicht uber die Prostaglandine soll uber neuere biosynthetische Entwicklungen, uber Partial- und Totalsynthesen von Prostaglandinendoperoxid-Analoga, Thromboxan B2 und Prostacyclinen sowie uber die biologischen Eigenschaften dieser Substanzen berichtet werden.
Gender and the Internet: Causes of Variation in Access, Level, and Scope of Use†

Objective. The article examines differences in the use of the Internet by gender, with a consideration of access to the web, use of communication facilities related to email and chat rooms, frequency of use, and types of websites used. The study considers the impact of socioeconomic status and social, geographic, racial, and ethnic variables for explaining variations in the use of the web by men and women, and how these factors are mediated by knowledge of how to use the web. Methods. The study employs data collected by the General Social Survey (GSS) in 2000, and relates access, communication levels, frequency of use, and types of sites used to gender and other relevant variables. The relevant variables are analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results. Access to the web was independent of gender, but was related to education, race, income, age, and marital status. Women were less likely than men to chat on the web, but were slightly more likely to use email, and they utilized different types of sites than men. Conclusions. Women access the web as frequently as men, but they communicate on the Internet differently than men, are online less than men, and utilize different types of websites than men. Knowledge related to web use is an important independent variable that influences Internet use by men and women. Prior to the 1990s, the scientific and military communities developed a form of the Internet for their own purpose (ARPANET), but it was only in the 1990s, with the development of hyper-text language, that the Internet became a mass tool that could be employed by economic, political, religious, and social groups that developed their own websites to communicate with the larger public (Norris, 2001:27). The use of this new technology in an effective manner required a home computer, and/or access to a computer at work, or in a public setting (e.g., a public library or a school), funds (private or public) to purchase monthly access to a service provider, and knowledge of the computer in relation to web use. One would expect that the lower socioeconomic class and culturally deprived minorities (e.g., racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents) would be limited in their use of this new
The rôle of juvenile hormone in housefly ovarian follicle morphogenesis

Abstract Oogenesis in the housefly, Musca domestica , was divided into a series of 10 stages where stage 1 was the germarium, stage 4 was the beginning of yolk deposition, stage 7 was characterized by maximal nurse cell development, stage 9 by the degeneration of the nurse cells and chorion formation, and stage 10 was the mature egg. It required 69 hr from eclosion at 27°C to develop mature eggs. This represented an oocyte volume increase of 3700-fold, a seventeenfold increase in follicle length, and a sevenfold increase in weight. The application of 2 μg of isopropyl (E,E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate (ZR-515) to allatectomized (-CA) flies stimulated egg development, which progressed at the same rate as the controls. The -CA flies did not develop eggs past stage 4, which represented a cessation of development at a volume of 1·4 per cent that of a mature egg and an ovarian dry weight of 11 per cent that of a mature ovary. The follicle cells from -CA flies did not differentiate into the squamous condition over the nurse chamber, did not become columnar over the oocyte, did not produce the chorion or vitelline membrane, and did not decrease in number as they did on the stage 10 follicles. Endomitosis in the nurse cell nuclei of -CA flies stopped development at 290 c, but maximum development of 2400 c occurred in stage 7 follicles from controls, and then the nurse cells began to disintegrate.
Routine second-opinion cytopathology review of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies reduces diagnostic thyroidectomy.

Background Follicular thyroid carcinoma cannot be distinguished reliably from benign follicular neoplasia by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Given an estimated 20% risk of malignancy, many patients with indeterminate FNA biopsies require thyroidectomy for diagnosis. Some centers have shown significant discordance when a second pathologist evaluates the same FNA biopsy. We sought to determine whether routine second-opinion cytopathology reduces the need for diagnostic thyroidectomy, especially in patients with indeterminate FNA biopsies. Methods In all, 331 thyroid FNA biopsy specimens obtained from outside centers from 2004 to 2009 were reviewed at our institution. The FNA biopsy results were categorized into nondiagnostic (Bethesda I), benign (Bethesda II), indeterminate (follicular/Hurthle cell neoplasm, follicular/Hurthle cell lesion; Bethesda III & IV), and malignant (papillary or suspicious for papillary or other malignancy; Bethesda V and VI). Second-opinion cytology was compared with the initial opinion in 331 cases and with final operative pathology in the 250 patients who progressed to thyroidectomy. Results The average patient age was 51 with a predominant number of female (79%) participants. The overall cytology concordance for all 331 FNA biopsies was 66% (218/331). Concordance was highest at 86% (74/86) with malignant FNA biopsies. Concordance in the 129 patients with indeterminate FNA biopsies was only 37% (48/129). Indeterminate FNA biopsies were reread as nondiagnostic in 21% (27/129) of patients and as benign in 42% (54/129) of patients. Twenty-two patients with an indeterminate FNA biopsy reread as benign progressed to operative therapy for reasons other than cytology (eg, symptomatic nodule and radiation exposure/high risk) and were found to be benign in 95% (21/22) of patients on operative pathology for a 95% negative predictive value. An additional 11 patients with an indeterminate FNA reread as benign had follow-up FNA biopsies, each of which was benign. Indeterminate FNA biopsies on initial cytology had a malignancy rate of 13% (17/129) on operative pathology compared with 29% (14/48) for indeterminate FNA biopsies from second opinion. A second opinion improved FNA biopsy accuracy from 60% to 74%. Overall, second-opinion cytology of indeterminate FNA biopsies avoided diagnostic operation in 25% (32/129). Conclusion Routine second opinion review of indeterminate thyroid FNA biopsies can potentially obviate the need for diagnostic thyroidectomy in 25% of patients without increases in false negatives.
Effects of a body image curriculum for college students on improved body image.

Objective This study evaluated the effects of an undergraduate body image course, “Body Traps: Perspectives on Body Image,” on decreasing body dissatisfaction, weight concern, and disordered eating behaviors. Methods Twenty-four undergraduate females enrolled in the body image course. Measures of body image and disordered eating patterns were assessed at baseline and at postintervention. Results Subjects significantly decreased the frequency and severity of their body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. No changes in body mass index or global self-esteem were observed. Discussion This is the first investigation to demonstrate that a formal, academic course can result in the reduction of both attitudinal and behavioral eating disorder risk factors. Future controlled studies need to be undertaken to substantiate this effect. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 26: 13–20, 1999.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst

The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mossbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic.
Lower regional and temporal ultraviolet exposure is associated with increased rates and severity of inflammatory bowel disease hospitalisation.

Summary Background In the northern hemisphere, the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has a north–south gradient, suggesting a link between ultraviolet (UV) exposure or vitamin D status and the pathogenesis of IBD. Aim To test the association of UV exposure with the rates and severity of IBD hospitalisation. Methods We conducted a retrospective nationwide analysis of 649 932 Crohn's disease (CD), 384 267 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 288 894 297 non-IBD hospitalisations in the US between 1998 and 2010. Mean UV exposure was assigned to each hospitalisation using surface measures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Relative rates across UV exposures were estimated for IBD hospitalisations, prolonged hospitalisations, bowel surgeries and deaths. Results Among IBD patients, lower UV exposures had increased hospitalisation rates for CD (217.8 vs. 182.5 per 100 000 overall hospitalisations with low and very high UV, respectively; P trend <0.001) and UC (123.2 vs. 113.8 per 100 000; P trend = 0.033). Low UV groups had greater relative rates of prolonged hospitalisations [CD: 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.19; UC: 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30], bowel surgeries (CD: 1.24, 95% CI 1.16–1.32; UC: 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.33), and CD deaths (CD: 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.71; UC: 1.24, 95% CI 0.92–1.67). Among non-IBD patients, low UV was associated with prolonged hospitalisations (1.09; 95% CI 1.07–1.11) and deaths (1.13; 95% CI 1.09–1.17), but not bowel surgeries (1.01; 95% CI 0.99–1.03). Conclusions Lower ultraviolet exposure is associated with greater rates of hospitalisation, prolonged hospitalisation and the need for bowel surgery in IBD. This trend for bowel surgery was not seen with non-IBD encounters.
Searching for the worst-case eye diagram of a signal channel in electronic packaging system including the effects of the nonlinear I/O devices and the crosstalk from adjacent channels

In this paper, we propose a new method for the prediction of the worst case eye diagram for the high performance chip to chip interconnections utilizing SERDES I/O. This method employs transient circuit simulations using an adequate length of all possible bit patterns at the input of driver, so that the worst-case eye at the receiver input can be determined. The signal channels are modeled with multi-port S-parameters. The Mpilog macromodels are used for the I/O devices modeling accurately the nonlinear properties of these devices. The peaks of the crosstalk from adjacent channels are aligned to the worst-case single channel eye diagram for several worst-case scenarios to produce the absolute worst-case eye diagram. The proposed method was applied to the SERDES interconnections of a high-end computer and yielded accurate worst-case eye diagram results with acceptable simulation speed.
An Independent Theory of Clinical Technique Viewed Through a Relational Lens: Commentary on Paper by Michael Parsons

This discussion of Michael Parsons's exposition of the Independent Tradition's clinical theory of technique compares and contrasts the British Independent and American Relational perspectives in regard to their approach to technique. In this discussion I will consider the question whether, given strong object relational influences on relational psychoanalytic theory, we are able to locate systematic differences in the way that Independent and Relational analysts attempt to work, to be with, and to relate to their patients in the psychoanalytic situation. Overlapping historical roots of the two traditions are considered, along with apparent differences in the ways in which the contributions of common ancestors, such as Ferenzci, are applied. I suggest that the integration of American Interpersonal School ideas with Object Relations theory in American Relational Psychoanalysis led to a different therapeutic sensibility, different ways of thinking about and participating in the analytic process from those th...
Incorporating prognostic information into treatment decisions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are diagnosed at an early stage, when traditional staging systems fail to distinguish those with an aggressive disease course from those with an excellent prognosis. This failure underscores the need for better prognostic markers. Although many markers have been explored, this review focuses on the newer and most clinically relevant markers: cytogenetic aberrations, zeta-associated protein 70, immunoglobulin mutational status, and CD38 expression. Although these markers have been shown to predict outcomes for groups of patients, individual patients may have a variable course; therefore, the outcome for any one patient remains hard to predict. To date, no study has shown a benefit from early cytotoxic therapy for any subgroup of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Characterization of the human biliverdin reductase gene structure and regulatory elements: promoter activity is enhanced by hypoxia and suppressed by TNF-α-activated NF-κB

hBVR is a Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase/scaffold protein/transcription factor/intracellular transporter of regulators. hBVR is an upstream activator of the insulin/IGF-1/MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway, and of NF-κB. As a reductase, it converts biliverdin to the antioxidant, bilirubin. hBVR gene has 8 exons; exon 1 is not translated. We report the characterization of hBVR promoter and its negative and positive regulation, respectively, by TNF-α and hypoxia. The 5′ end of exon 1 was defined by primer extension analyses; deletion of an inhibitor sequence 350-425 bp upstream of this exon enhanced the promoter activity. One of two NF-κB binding sites in the 836-bp promoter was functional; the P65 subunit of NF-κB and TNF-α acted as inhibitors. On the basis of EMSA and ChIP assays, TNF-α treatment increases binding of NF-κB to its regulatory element. Overexpression of IκB increased hBVR mRNA. Biliverdin, but not bilirubin, was as effective as TNF-α in inhibiting hBVR promoter activity. Only one of 4 hypoxia responsive elemen...
Effect of Duration of Inspection upon Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects

(1961). Effect of Duration of Inspection upon Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 163-169.
Mitrofanoff Continent Catheterizable Stoma for Pediatric Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Our purpose was to determine the clinical efficacy of the Mitrofanoff catheterizable stoma for children and adolescents with spinal cord injury (SCI). In 1980, Mitrofanoff described the creation of an appendicovesicostomy for continent urinary diversion. This procedure greatly facilitates clean intermittent catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder. We report on the objective results and the subjective measures of quality of life following appendicovesicostomy in 12 adolescents with SCI. Between 1996 and 1998, 12 adolescents with neurogenic bladders secondary to SCI underwent appendicovesicostomy formation, with or without bladder augmentation. Patients were interviewed about pre- and postoperative catheterization satisfaction. Infections, complications, and urinary continence were assessed postoperatively. Ten of twelve patients were satisfied with the procedure. Mean catheterization time was decreased from 16.4 to 5.1 min. Preoperatively, only 3 of 12 were able to perform self-catheterization,...
FUSION OF CREATIVITY IN RAIL TRANSIT STATIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CRITIQUE

The past, present, and future provide a framework for this discussion of the fusion of creativity among artists, architects, and engineers represented in the design of urban rail transit stations. The fusion of talent has a highly recognized past. Washington's Union Station, built early in this century, was restored to its original grandeur and is a major tourist attraction in the nation's capital. The power of the state is exploited in the Moscow subway, where stations take on a decorative quality found in the great monuments of Europe during the Gothic and High Renaissance era of architectural history. Transit stations designed in the late 1960s and 1970s in this country have had limited involvement by artists. Washington's Metro has a unique image created by architects and engineers dominating the underground stations. The power of nature in architecture was realized in Atlanta's Peachtree Station, where a rock cavern became an integral part of the station. The most successful fusion of art, architectu...
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Leflunomide (P7.020)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel case of central nervous system lymphoma associated with leflunomide. BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of cases related to the development of malignancy in patients treated with the antirheumatic drug leflunomide. We report a patient who was treated with long-term leflunomide developing Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma(PCNSL). This report marks the first case of PCNSL thought to be secondary to long-term leflunomide usage. RESULTS: A 54 year old female with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression presented with headache and head fullness. She had been treated for RA with leflunomide for over a year, and had never received any other medicines for her RA. An MRI of the brain revealed two 2.5 cm enhancing brain lesions. Biopsy of these lesions demonstrated diffuse b cell lymphoma, and a diagnosis of PCNSL was made. Leflunomide was discontinued and the patient was treated with high dose methotrexate, rituximab, and cytarabine chemotherapy with a total of 13 cycles. After treatment, repeat biopsy and MRI have demonstrated no active lymphoma. PET scanning demonstrated no uptake of 16-FDG. She has now been followed for 16 months after discontinuation of her chemotherapy with no recurrence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a known association between rheumatoid arthritis and the development of lymphoma, the relationship between RA medications and malignancy remains ill defined. In particular, there have been little to no cases demonstrating a relationship between leflunomide and the development of lymphoma. This case suggests that further surveillance for development of malignancies for patients on leflunomide may be indicated. Disclosure: Dr. Bayat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naina has nothing to disclose.
Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the chemical order–disorder transformation in L10 FeNi (tetrataenite)

Abstract The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters describing the chemical disordering process of L10 FeNi (tetrataenite) are quantified through analysis of calorimetric data obtained from material (Fe57Ni43) extracted from the NWA 6259 meteorite. The material presents an endotherm with peak temperatures of 800–860 K depending on heating rate and a transformation enthalpy of 4.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mol of atoms that corresponds to the L10 → A1 chemical order–disorder phase transformation. Using reported values of the enthalpy of mixing of the A1 phase and the enthalpy difference between the A1(γ) and the A2(α) phases of Fe, the enthalpy of formation of the L10 phase at the composition 43 at.% Ni constituted from Fe and Ni in their standard state is calculated as −4.4 ± 0.6 kJ/mol of atoms. These results indicate that the L10 FeNi phase is at the edge of enthalpic stability relative to a mixture of α-Fe and L12 FeNi3. The measured kinetic chemical-disordering transformation temperature is well above the reported order–disorder temperature of 593 K (320 °C) confirming that the disordering process is highly kinetically limited. The activation energy of chemical disordering of L10 FeNi (43 at% Ni) is 3.08 ± 0.07 eV/atom. Results obtained in this study are consistent with a model of one-dimensional growth of the disordered phase wherein the transformation rate is limited by the creation and migration of vacancies. Establishment of the enthalpy difference between the chemically-ordered and -disordered phases as well as determination of the activation energy for transformation provide guidance for laboratory synthesis of the L10 FeNi phase, which is of significant applied interest as a new advanced permanent magnet material.
Sporulation in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. The course of spore formation.

Sporulation in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica involves the transformation of a vegetative cell into a thick-walled resistant structure. Because this process occurs at predictable loci in each filament and involves a significant increase in cell size, the course of sporulation in a culture can be quantitatively determined. Sporulation occurs during the late logarithmic phase of a culture, a time of slow but unbalanced growth. Under the conditions imployed here, sporulation is not a synchronous event either between or within filaments. The information in this paper provides an estimate of the rate of spore differentiation and supports the previous notion that in the formation of strings of more than one spore, a gradient of spore maturation exists.
Primary Legislation, 1924–1925

Primary Legislation, 1924-1925. The legislative output of the past two years has not been distinguished by any important extensions of the direct primary; nor, on the other hand, has there been any noteworthy abandonment or curtailment of the system. In a few states it came in for more or less honorable mention in governor's messages. In New Mexico, for example, Governor Hannett recommended the adoption of the direct primary for that state; and Governor Smith, in 1924 and again in 1925, recommended the restoration of the state-wide primary in New York. In Ohio, Governor Donahey recommended the relaxation of the tests of party allegiance so as to permit independent voters to participate in the nomination of candidates. Governor Morley, of Colorado, on the other hand, urged the adoption of a strict party enrollment system in his state. Governor McRae, of Arkansas, advised that provision be made for run-off primaries for state officers in cases where no candidate receives a majority. Governor Branch urged the Indiana legislature to make the present primary law optional for local offices and mandatory for the selection of delegates to state conventions which were to nominate candidates for state offices, except for governor. None of these gubernatorial recommendations, however, bore fruit in legislation. In Illinois a law was passed providing for the nomination of candidates for the circuit court and the superior court of Cook county by direct primary instead of by conventions. This, however, was done, not in response to any noticeable popular demand, but apparently to further the interests of certain Republican factions. A considerable amount of patronage attaches, directly or indirectly, to these courts. The judges of the circuit court, for example, appoint the South Park commissioners, who are in charge of important lake-front improvements in Chicago involving the expenditure of many millions of dollars. The new law providing for the direct nomination of the judges of these two courts also requires the rotation of candidates' names by precincts formed into a number of "groups" equal to the number of candidates. Another
Advanced Plane Topology From an Elementary Standpoint

A simple combinatorial approach to subtle topological premises of basic undergraduate analysis.
Effects of hippocampal lesions on food and water consumption in rats

Rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions drank 16–21% more water postoperatively than Ss receiving posterior neocortical lesions or unoperated controls. Data were based on ad lib intake measures over 2 months following surgery. Both lesioned groups consumed slightly more food than unoperated Ss. No differences in body weights developed.