cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma and its Aftermath for Commercially Sexually Exploited Women as Told by Front-Line Service Providers

Commercial sexual exploitation of women and girls through forced prostitution and sex-trafficking is a human rights and public health issue, with survivors facing complex mental health problems from trauma and violence. An international and domestic problem, the average age of recruitment into sex-trafficking is between 11 and 14 years old. Given its secrecy and brutality, such exploitation remains difficult to study, which results in a lack of knowledge related to trauma and how best to develop specific services that effectively engage and meet the unique needs of survivors. This qualitative research, using thematic analysis, explored the stories of trauma and its aftermath for commercially sexually exploited women as told by front-line service providers. Three themes emerged regarding the experience of sex-trafficking and its outcomes-Pimp Enculturation, Aftermath, and Healing the Wound-along with seven subthemes. These have important implications for all service and healthcare providers.
Cytoskeleton-Membrane Interactions in Neuronal Growth Cones: A Finite Analysis Study

Revealing the molecular events of neuronal growth is critical to obtaining a deeper understanding of nervous system development, neural injury response, and neural tissue engineering. Central to this is the need to understand the mechanical interactions between the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane, and how these interactions affect the overall growth mechanics of neurons. Using finite element analysis, the stress in the membrane produced by an actin filament or a microtubule acting against a deformable membrane was modeled, and the deformation, stress, and strain were computed for the membrane. Parameters to represent the flexural rigidities of the well-studied actin and tubulin cytoskeletal proteins, as well as the mechanical properties of cell membranes, were used in the simulations. Our model predicts that a single actin filament is able to produce a normal contact stress on the cell membrane that is sufficient to cause membrane deformation but not growth. Our model also predicts that under clamped boundary conditions a filament with a buckling strength equal to or smaller than an actin filament would not cause the areal strain in the membrane to exceed 3%, and therefore the filament is incapable of causing membrane rupture or puncture to a safety factor of approximately 15-25. Decreasing the radius of the membrane upon which the normal contact stress is acting allows an increase in the amount of normal contact stress that the membrane can withstand before rupture. The model predicts that a 50 nm radius membrane can withstand approximately 4 MPa of normal contact stress before membrane rupture whereas a 250 nm radius membrane can withstand approximately 2.5 MPa. Understanding how the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal elements have coevolved with their respective cell membranes may yield insights into the events that gave rise to the sequences and superquaternary structures of the major cytoskeletal proteins. Additionally, numerical modeling of membranes can be used to analyze the forces and stresses generated by nanoscale biological probes during cellular injection.
Laboratory Simulation of Field Sampling: Comparison With Ideal Sampling and Field Data

Tube sampling disturbance effects are investigated in this paper based on the results of constant rate of strain consolidation tests and unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests conducted on resedimented Boston blue clay sampled in the laboratory using a specifically designed device and employing various tubes differing in size, diameter to thickness ratio, and tip geometry. The effects of tube geometry were assessed based on comparison of the residual effective stresses, the reconsolidation strains, the undrained strength, and the one-dimensional drained compression behavior. Increasing degradation in the engineering properties was observed with decreasing diameter to thickness ratio (B∕t) , and the negative impact of a blunt tip geometry could not be compensated for even by a substantial increase in B∕t . Comparison of these results to those obtained from triaxial element tests in which disturbance was simulated according to the ideal sampling approach (ISA), indicated that tube sampling is a...
Role of Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 in forward trafficking of the type IIa Na+-Pi cotransporter

Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) plays a critical role in the renal transport of phosphate by binding to Na+-Pi cotransporter (NpT2a) in the proximal tubule. While the association between NpT2a and NHERF1 in the apical membrane is known, the role of NHERF1 to regulate the trafficking of NpT2a has not been studied. To address this question, we performed cell fractionation by sucrose gradient centrifugation in opossum kidney (OK) cells placed in low-Pi medium to stimulate forward trafficking of NpT2a. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated expression of NpT2a and NHERF1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi. Coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated a NpT2a-NHERF1 interaction in the ER/Golgi. Low-Pi medium for 4 and 8 h triggered a decrease in NHERF1 in the plasma membrane with a corresponding increase in the ER/Golgi. Time-lapse total internal reflection fluorescence imaging of OK cells placed in low-Pi medium, paired with particle tracking and mean square displacement analysis, indicated active directed movement of NHERF1 at early and late time points, whereas NpT2a showed active movement only at later times. Silence of NHERF1 in OK cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-NpT2a resulted in an intracellular accumulation of GFP-NpT2a. Transfection with GFP-labeled COOH-terminal (TRL) PDZ-binding motif deleted or wild-type NpT2a in OK cells followed by cell fractionation and immunoprecipitation confirmed that the interaction between NpT2a and NHERF1 was dependent on the TRL motif of NpT2a. We conclude that appropriate trafficking of NpT2a to the plasma membrane is dependent on the initial association between NpT2a and NHERF1 through the COOH-terminal TRL motif of NpT2a in the ER/Golgi and requires redistribution of NHERF1 to the ER/Golgi.
Changes in D-dimer and inflammatory biomarkers before ischemic events in patients with peripheral artery disease: The BRAVO Study

Whether circulating biomarker levels increase shortly before an ischemic heart disease (IHD) event is unknown. We studied whether levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are higher within 2 months of an IHD event compared to time periods more than 2 months before the IHD event. We assembled 595 participants with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and followed them for up to 3 years. Blood samples were obtained every 2 months. The primary outcome was IHD events: myocardial infarctions, unstable angina, or IHD death. We used a nested case-control design. Fifty participants (cases) had events and were each matched by age, sex, duration in the study, and number of blood draws to two controls without events. Among cases, the mean D-dimer value of 1.105 obtained within 2 months of the event was higher than values obtained 10 months (0.68 mg/L, p<0.001), 12 months (0.71 mg/L, p=0.001), 16 months (0.65 mg/L, p=0.008), 20 months (p=0.032), 22 months (p=0.033), 26 months (p=0.038), and 32 months (p=0.04) before the event. Compared to controls, median D-dimer levels in cases were higher 4 months (p=0.017), 6 months (p=0.005), and 8 months (p=0.028) before the event. Values of CRP and SAA obtained within two months of an IHD event not consistently higher than values obtained during the prior months. In PAD participants with an IHD event, D-dimer was higher within 2 months of the event, compared to most values obtained 10 to 32 months previously. D-dimer was also higher in cases as compared to controls during most visits within 8 months of the IHD event.
A Project for Improvement of Trust Law

I WANT to advance the thesis that trust men have a great opportunity to take the lead at this time in revaluing and readjusting trust law; that the time is ripe for taking an inventory of trust law, state by state, through a cooperative research and discussion project, and curing weaknesses and defects by statute. There are several reasons for this belief. The first is that Anglo-American trust law is well developed and mature. It is not a branch of the law brought into being by recent social, mechanical, political or economic changes. It is not like the law of aeronautics, the undeveloped by-product of recent invention; or like the law of administrative agencies, in a state of flux and expansion as a result of recent governmental and political movements. The law of trusts is the outcome of more than 300 years of English and 150 years of American case law. Its principles have been announced, expounded, and developed in thousands of opinions by chancellors and probate judges. Almost every conceivable question which could arise in the creation and administration of trusts has received some
Abstract B27: RIP1 maintains DNA integrity and cell proliferation by regulating PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis

In the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration for energy supply. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, has been shown to contribute to cancer cell proliferation. However, how this glucose metabolism pathway is precisely regulated remains elusive. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is an important cellular signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell death, survival and proliferation. However, the role of RIP1 in cell metabolism is unclear. To investigate the function of RIP1 in lung cancer cell proliferation, we established stable RIP1 knockdown lung cancer cell lines using lentivius-mediated shRNA expression. RIP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells, which was associated with DNA damage-induced p53 activation. Compared with control cells, the RIP1 knockdown cells had higher glucose consumption and lactate production, indicating a higher glycolytic rate. The increased glycolysis lowered the cellular level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a cofactor essential for DNA damage repair. By microarray profiling and promoter reporter assays, we determined that RIP1 positively regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a key factor involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. The downregulation of PGC-1α reduced the expression of components of electron transfer chain that impaired oxidative phosphorylation, which underlays the increased glycolysis in RIP1 knockdown cells. Moreover, RIP1 knockdown cells were more sensitive to both DNA damage anticancer agents and glycolysis inhibitors. Our data suggest that while aerobic glycolysis within a certain range favors cancer cell proliferation, excessive glycolysis may cause cytostasis. Thus, maintenance of glycolysis by RIP1 is critical to cancer cell energy homeostasis and DNA integrity, which may be exploited for anticancer therapy. Citation Format: Wenshu Chen, Qiong Wang, Lang Bai, Weijie Chen, Xia Wang, Carmen S. Tellez, Shuguang Leng, Mabel T. Padilla, Toru Nyunoya, Steven A. Belinsky, Yong Lin. RIP1 maintains DNA integrity and cell proliferation by regulating PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr B27.
Electronic surveillance for catheter-associated urinary tract infections at a university-affiliated children's hospital

We sought to describe the characteristics of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in a children's hospital while demonstrating efficacy of electronic identification of CAUTIs. There were 25 CAUTIs identified over 24 months, with most (88%) occurring in the intensive care units (ICUs). The incidence of ICU CAUTIs decreased during the study period (P = .04). Concordance between electronic identification and validation by infection control staff was 83% and increased to 100% with correction of nursing documentation.
2α-Hydroxyursolic Acid Inhibited Cell Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through the p38/MAPK Signal Transduction Pathway

The mechanisms of action of 2α-hydroxyursolic acid in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were investigated. The antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity were determined by the methylene blue assay. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, and no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 30 μM. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid significantly down-regulated expressions of TRAF2, PCNA, cyclin D1, and CDK4 and up-regulated the expressions of p-ASK1, p-p38, p-p53, and p-21. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by significantly increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inducing the cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, treatment of SB203580, a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, reversed the inhibition of PCNA, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 expression induced by 2α-hydroxyursolic acid in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggested that 2α-hydroxyursolic acid exhibited anticancer activity through the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by regulating the p38/MAPK signal transduction pathway.
Enzymatic Activity Related to Human Serum Beta-Liprotein Histochemical, Immuno-Electrophoretic and Quantitative Studies

SummaryActivity of 17 different enzymes was found to be present in human serum beta-lipoprotein by either standard quantitative or histochemical-immunoelectrophoretic technics. By the former methods the activity could be increased by several physical procedures which apparently affected the beta-lipoprotein molecular structure. The histochemical technics were annulled by boiling and were substrate specific except for slight reactions of the DPN dependent enzymes without substrate. Staining which occurred in these cases was more intense, however, when substrate was added. These observations suggest a possible new theory of beta-lipoprotein function: namely, that it may form a complex with enzymes as well as certain other molecules whose activity is normally intracellular thereby inactivating them while in the circulatory system.
Management strategies for women at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer: Are women satisfied?

1524 Background: Women at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer have two major management options to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer, periodic screening (PS) or prophylactic oophorectomy (PO). Little is known regarding patient satisfaction levels with choice of risk reduction strategy. Our objective was to determine levels of patient satisfaction with PO versus PS and to identify factors which may influence satisfaction. Methods: As part of a larger study, women who received BRCA1/2 testing before July 2005 were sent a follow-up patient questionnaire packet. We are reporting on the Cancer Worry Scale and Satisfaction With Decision (SWD) scale (range of possible scores, 6–30). The lowest 10th percentile of the SWD score (21) was used to define low satisfaction. Chi-square, t-Test and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 540 surveys were mailed and 309 responses were received (57%). We excluded 127 patients due to history of an oophorectomy for benign or malignant...
How Can I Trust You if You Don't Know Who You Are? The Consequences of a Fluid Identity on Cross-Racial Organizing between African American Women and Latinas in Atlanta

Scholarship in the area of cross-racial organizing between Latina/o and African Americans has increased substantially over the past ten years. Within that literature, scholars have identified many reasons why cross-racial coalitions both succeed and fail. Among the factors most often cited is the issue of trust. Despite the recognition of the crucial role trust plays in cross-racial organizing, little attention has been paid to what contributes to actually building trust between African Americans and Latina/o. I argue that one factor contributing to the distrust of Latinas among African American women involved in cross-racial organizing in Atlanta is the perceived discrepancy between Latinas’ own asserted identity and the identity assigned to them by African American women organizers. Using data gathered from six years of participant observation and forty interviews conducted with African American women and Latinas organizing in Georgia, I discuss the consequences of identity construction for cross-racial organizing. I find that within cross-racial organizing spaces in Atlanta, perceived racial identities are used by African American women as proxies for determining Latina organizers’ commitment to social justice and, correspondingly, how much individual Latinas can be trusted. Specifically, I find that African American respondents view Latina identity as optional and potentially white. Latina respondents, on the other hand, assert strong identities and contend that their perceived “optional” identities are a function of what Anzaldua calls a mestiza consciousness or the straddeling of multiple identities. I argue that understanding how these identities are assigned and asserted by Latinas and African American women is a crucial and often-overlooked component to building trust, and by extension, to building sustainable cross-racial coalitions.
Cardiovascular Imaging of Women: We Have Come a Long Way But Still Have a Ways to Go.

In decades past, published reports and funded research rarely focused on sex-specific differences in cardiovascular disease, nor did we understand the importance of pathophysiologic differences that uniquely affect women. The public health message at the time was a focus on the burden of
Popular Orthodoxy and Resistance

The work of N.N. Pokrovskii and his colleagues in Novosibirsk and Ekaterinburg combines the best of two older traditions for studying the history of popular Orthodox Christianity in Russia. By revealing not only the economic and social but also the cultural and religious factors that contributed to the survival of the Old Belief in Siberia, the articles in the present issue of Russian Studies in History offer a new appreciation of the interplay between religious ideology and peasant dissent.
Reprogramming, Circular Reasoning and Self versus Non-self: One-Stop Shopping with RNA Editing.

Transcription of genetic information from archival DNA into RNA molecule working copies is vital for proper cellular function and is highly accurate. In turn, RNAs serve structural, enzymatic, and regulatory roles, as well as being informational templates for the ribosomal translation of proteins. Following RNA synthesis, maturing of RNA molecules occurs through various RNA processing events. One component of the collection of processes involving RNA species, broadly defined as RNA metabolism, is the RNA editing pathway and is found in all animals. Acting specifically on RNA substrates with double-stranded character, RNA editing has been shown to regulate a plethora of genomic outputs, including gene recoding, RNA splicing, biogenesis and targeting actions of micro RNAs and small interfering RNAs, and global gene expression. Recent evidence suggests that RNA modifications mediated via RNA editing influence the biogenesis of circular RNAs and safeguard against aberrant innate immune responses generated to endogenous RNA sources. These novel roles have the potential to contribute new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis mediated by mishandling of double-stranded RNA. Here, we discuss recent advances in the field, which highlight novel roles associated with the RNA editing process and emphasize their importance during cellular RNA metabolism. In addition, we highlight the relevance of these newly discovered roles in the context of neurological disorders and the more general concept of innate recognition of self versus non-self.
Sarcomas of Soft Tissue

Sarcomas of soft tissue are rare cancers that compromise at least 50 different diagnoses, but represent < 1% of all cancers in the United States and in Europe. Management is primarily surgical. Adjuvant radiation is used for larger tumors, and adjuvant chemotherapy routinely employed only in diagnoses more common in children, e.g. rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. GIST is among the most common sarcomas, and 3 years of imatinib is standard therapy for higher risk GIST as well as for first line metastatic disease. This summary reviews and outlines diagnostic and management principles for this diverse family of cancers.
What do cardiologists want from vascular ultrasound

Although the value of coronary angiography remains unquestioned, investigations have revealed many deficiencies inherent in this approach. Intravascular ultrasound has several important advantages over contrast angiography and may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic insights for coronary disease. The tomographic orientation of ultrasound enables visualization of the entire circumference of the vessel wall. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can interrogate tissues beneath the luminal border. IVUS studies have demonstrated a new dimension to the development of arteriosclerosis: arterial remodeling. In ambiguous lesions, IVUS permits lesion quantification effecting on clinical decision-making. IVUS has proven useful in selecting the device most suitable for a specific patient or lesion, leading to better clinical outcome. Information from IVUS imaging may be used to predict short - and long-term outcomes, particularly following stenting. IVUS has proven useful in clarifying the mechanisms of benefit and refining the techniques in brachytherapy. IVUS studies have shown the mechanisms of lumen enlargement with balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent implantation. IVUS studies have also shown the mechanisms of restenosis. Therapeutic ultrasound (thrombolysis with adjunctive ultrasound and ultrasound-assisted local gene therapy) is promising.
Crohn's Disease Is Associated with the Risk for Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND It is known that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a high risk for some of extraintestinal cancers. The aim of this study was to identify whether IBD is associated with thyroid cancer using a large national database. METHODS We performed a case-control study using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The study group included all patients with Crohn's disease (CD) (ICD-9 Code: 555) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (ICD-9 Code: 556), and the control group included all patients with diverticulitis (ICD-9 Code: 562.11, 562.13). Both univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the risk factors associated with thyroid cancer. RESULTS We analyzed more than 28 million hospitalizations in 2012, with 289,935 being IBD-related admissions and 315,145 being diverticulitis-related admissions. Subjects who had IBD were found to be significantly more likely to have thyroid cancer than those with diverticulitis (odds ratio = 1.97 [1.5-2.6], P = 0.033). There was no difference between men and women in the prevalence of thyroid cancer in IBD (P = 0.6). There was no difference between CD and UC (P = 0.14) and between UC and diverticulitis (P = 0.93). In multivariate analysis, CD was found to be associated with thyroid cancer (odds ratio = 2.3 [1.06-5.1], P = 0.034). Age was shown to be a protective factor in the presence of thyroid cancer (P < 0.005), and a higher Charlson comorbidity index was associated with the presence of thyroid cancer (odds ratio, 1.5 [1.3-1.7]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that CD, not UC, is associated with a higher risk for thyroid cancer. It is recommended that patients with CD may need a close monitoring of thyroid diseases.
Protein kinase Cι: A versatile oncogene in the lung

We have recently demonstrated that protein kinase Cι (PKCι) promotes a stem-like, tumor-initiating cell phenotype in KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma by activating a novel ELF3-NOTCH3 signaling axis.1 Combined PKCι and NOTCH inhibition was identified as a novel strategy for the treatment of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma.
Symmetric three-qubit-state invariants

For pure symmetric three-qubit states there are only three algebraically independent entanglement measures; one choice is the pairwise concurrence $\mathcal{C}$, the three-tangle $\ensuremath{\tau}$, and the Kempe invariant $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. Using a canonical form for symmetric $n$-qubit states derived from their Majorana representation, we derive the explicit achievable region of triples $(\mathcal{C},\ensuremath{\tau},\ensuremath{\kappa})$.
Domain specific convolutional neural nets for detection of architectural distortion in mammograms

Detection of Architectural distortion (AD) is important for ruling out possible pre-malignant lesions in breast, but due to its subtlety, it is often missed on the screening mammograms. In this work we suggest a novel AD detection method based on region proposal convolution neural nets (R-CNN). When the data is scarce, as typically the case in medical domain, R-CNN yields poor results. In this study, we suggest a new R-CNN method addressing this shortcoming by using a pretrained network on a candidate region guided by clinical observations. We test our method on the publicly available DDSM data set, with comparison to the latest faster R-CNN and previous works. Our detection accuracy allows binary image classification (normal vs. containing AD) with over 80% sensitivity and specificity, and yields 0.46 false-positives per image at 83% true-positive rate, for localization accuracy. These measures significantly improve the best results in the literature.
Leveraging automated sentiment analysis in software engineering

Automated sentiment analysis in software engineering textual artifacts has long been suffering from inaccuracies in those few tools available for the purpose. We conduct an in-depth qualitative study to identify the difficulties responsible for such low accuracy. Majority of the exposed difficulties are then carefully addressed in developing SentiStrength-SE, a tool for improved sentiment analysis especially designed for application in the software engineering domain. Using a benchmark dataset consisting of 5,600 manually annotated JIRA issue comments, we carry out both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of our tool. SentiStrength-SE achieves 73.85% precision and 85% recall, which are significantly higher than a state-of-the-art sentiment analysis tool we compare with.
Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening and expedited partner therapy (EPT) practices of college student health centers

Objective: To examine college student health centers' (SHCs) practices related to sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening and treatment over a 5-year period. Participants: College SHCs...
Reconfigurable DNA nanostructures for detection of multiple DNA and enzymatic inputs

The progress within the field of DNA nanotechnology has shown DNA to be an ideal material for the self-assembly of complex two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures. In addition to forming a wide range of structural geometries, DNA has been demonstrated as an exemplary scaffold. In this work we utilize this scaffolding ability to create photonic DNA switches that respond to both DNA and enzymatic inputs and produce complex logic based outputs.
Acute Neuroimaging Abnormalities Associated with Post-Traumatic Headache Following Traumatic Brain Injury (P04.020)

OBJECTIVE: To examine types of acute neuroimaging abnormalities and relationship between early headache (HA) occurrence and persistence in the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). BACKGROUND: Headache is one of the most commonly reported symptoms occurring in over 70% at some point the first year after TBI and 41% of people report HA at 3,6 and 12 months post-injury. Known risk factors for post-traumatic headache (PTH) are female gender and pre-injury history of HA. It is not known whether type of head trauma is a risk factor for HA occurrence or persistence. DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective, observational study of 452 consecutive individuals with moderate to severe TBI admitted to 7 TBI Model Systems inpatient rehabilitation units. HA prevalence and characteristics were obtained prior to or within one week of discharge and via telelphone at 3,6 and 12 months post-injury. Acute injury CT (computed tomography) was inventoried for 10 abnormalities (focal cortical/parenchymal contusion, focal/non-cortical contusion, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), skull, facial or spine fractures, presence of extra-axial fluid, cistern compression/midline shift>5mm). Presence and type of imaging abnormalities at time of injury were examined for any significant association with presence or absence of PTH early as well as persistently across time. RESULTS: SAH was the most common neuroimaging abnormality (70%) followed by cortical contusions and extra-axial fluid collection (60% each) for all individuals with TBI. No significant differences were seen in prevalence of individual imaging findings for those with and without HA and for those with HA early vs persistent in the first year after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging findings in moderate to severe TBI were not found to be related to the presence or absence of PTH, nor to whether HA occurred early or was persistent over time. Further investigation is needed to determine whether neuroimaging findings may be related to specific characteristics of HA. Supported by: Funding from Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research H133G090022. Disclosure: Dr. Lucas has received honoraria as a member of MAP and Zogenix advisory board and from BiogenIdec and Zogenix as a speaker. Dr. Lucas has participated in and received research support from BiogenIdec and St. Jude Medical, Inc. for clinical trial support and the Wadsworth Foundation for salary support. Dr. Devine has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hoffman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dikmen has nothing to disclose.
Trajectory of Asian American Nonpartisanship: Transitory, Transitional, or End State?

Scholarship holds that high rates of party identification constitute a key marker of successful immigrant incorporation, yet rates of Democratic or Republican affiliation remain surprisingly low am...
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin for Optical-Chemical Temperature Sensing.

The application of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as an optical temperature sensor is investigated. Recent developments in optical luminescent sensors allow for global measurements to be made over the surface of a test article, extending beyond conventional point measurements. Global temperature distributions are particularly helpful when validating computational models or when mapping temperature over complex geometries, and can be used to calculate surface heat flux values. Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is a novel chemical approach to obtaining these global temperature measurements, but there are still challenges to overcome to make it a reliable tool. A sensor with a wide range of temperature sensitivity is desired to provide the maximum amount of utility, especially for tests spanning large temperature gradients. Naturally luminescent materials such as PF resin provide an attractive alternative to chemical sensor coatings, and PF resin is studied for this reason. Static tests of different PF resin samples are conducted using two binder materials to strengthen the material: cloth and paper. The material shows temperature sensitivities up to −0.8%/K, demonstrating the usefulness of PF resin as a temperature sensor.
Conceptions of Self and Identity

My particular task for this volume is to comment on the status of work on self and identity in relation to what Allport had to say. I take as my point of departure Allport’s (1943) paper entitled “The Ego in Contemporary Psychology,” for it serves as a clearer and more thorough statement of his views on the self than does the 1937 text that was the occasion for our symposium.
Finding the conceptual content and intention in an utterance in natural language conversation

The conceptual dependency analyzer described in the first IJCAI (8) has been modified so as to function more conceptually with less reliance on syntactic rules. In order to have an analyzer be conceptually driven, it is necessary for the system to know what it is looking for. That is, it must make predictions as to what can follow conceptually at any point in the analysis. This paper discusses the extension of conceptual prediction to include predictions based on context and the structure of the memory model that operates with the analyzer. Such predictions make use of relations between conceptual actions and the implications of those actions. This enables the conceptual analyzer to discover not only the conceptual content of an utterance but also the intention of that utterance in context. We are concerned with the extraction of the conceptual content both explicit and implicit in an utterance in order to analyze effectively in an interactive conversational situation.
Detection of Clonal Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Rearrangements by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Capillary Gel Electrophoresis

Although well-established diagnostic criteria exist for mature B-cell neoplasms, a definitive diagnosis of a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder cannot always be obtained using more conventional techniques such as flow cytometric immunophenotyping, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or immunohistochemistry. However, because B-cell malignancies contain identically rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be a fast, convenient, and dependable option to identify clonal B-cell processes. This chapter describes the use of PCR and capillary electrophoresis to identify clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) variable and joining region (VH-JH) gene rearrangements (IGH VH-JH PCR) using a commercially available method employing multiple multiplex PCR tubes that was originally developed as the result of a large European BIOMED-2 collaborative study (Invivoscribe Technologies). The core protocol involves the use of three separate master mix tubes that target the conserved framework (FR1, FR2, and FR3) and joining (J) regions of the IGH gene. Analysis of these three framework regions can detect approximately 88% of clonal IGH gene rearrangements.
Computing Optimal Beams in Two and Three Dimensions

The problem of computing an optimal beam among weighted regions (called the optimal beam problem) arises in several applied areas such as radiation therapy, stereotactic brain surgery, medical surgery, geological exploration, manufacturing, and environmental engineering. In this paper, we present computational geometry techniques that enable us to develop efficient algorithms for solving various optimal beam problems among weighted regions in two and three dimensional spaces. In particular, we consider two types of problems: the covering problems (seeking an optimal beam to contain a specified target region), and the piercing problems (seeking an optimal beam of a fixed shape to pierce the target region). We investigate several versions of these problems, with a variety of beam shapes and target region shapes in 2-D and 3-D. Our algorithms are based on interesting combinations of computational geometry techniques and optimization methods, and transform the optimal beam problems to solving a collection of instances of certain special non-linear optimization problems. Our approach makes use of interesting geometric observations, such as utilizing some new features of Minkowski sums.
Reasoning about Program Transformations

From the Publisher: This book details program analyses and transformations that extract the flow of data in computer memory systems. It emphasizes a framework for the optimization of code for imperative programs and greater computer systems efficiency. In addition, it shows that correctness of program transformations is guaranteed by the conservation of data flow. Professionals and researchers in software engineering, computer engineering, program design analysis, and compiler design will benefit from its presentation of data-flow methods and memory optimization of compilers.
A Semiotic Reading and Discourse Analysis of Postmodern Street Performance

Postmodern street art operates under a set of references that requires art educators and researchers to adopt alternative analytical frameworks in order to understand its meanings. In this article, we describe social semiotics, critical discourse analysis, and postmodern street performance as well as the relevance of the former two in interpreting the latter. To illustrate how the meaning of postmodern street performance is a socially constructed fluid variable that is situated, generated, and utilized in a particular context of discourse, we provide examples of analysis of street performances by Berlin-based artist Aram Bartholl. Finally, by garnering insights from this discourse analysis, we offer several conclusions. In the end, we propose the employment of social semiotics and discourse analysis as a more reflexive way of understanding postmodern street art practices.
Assessing sensory capacity of animals using operant technology.

Operant technology is often employed in farm management (e.g., waterers in which an animal pushes a valve with its nose or snout [response] to receive water [reinforcement]). An animal learns when successive approximations to the desired response are reinforced, thereby establishing the operant behavior (shaping). Animals are challenged by schedules of reinforcement that increase level of operant response. The method has been used to obtain quantitative measures of preference for prepared feeds, flavors, and harvest methods and feed processing. Basic information on what an animal sees in terms of color, patterns, and illumination are cited. Innovative research on animals' ability to smell and to hear are reviewed. Studies on regulation of environmental conditions by the animals themselves through operant methods will contribute to needed knowledge about animal welfare. Several examples of these studies are included in this review. Results of numerous studies indicate that operant technology can be a powerful tool to assess the sensory capacity of animals.
Comparison of pediatric post-reduction fluoroscopic- and ultrasound forearm fracture images.

Abstract Objective Emergency department (ED) reduction of pediatric fractures occurs most commonly in the forearm and can be challenging if fluoroscopy is not available. We sought to assess the ability of point of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) to predict adequacy of reduction by fluoroscopy. Methods We prospectively enrolled ED patients 0–17 years of age with radial and/or ulnar fractures requiring reduction under fluoroscopic guidance. Post-reduction POCUS (probe dorsal, volar, and coronal) and fluoroscopic (AP and lateral) fracture images were recorded. Fracture angles were compared between blinded POCUS and fluoroscopic measurements and between POCUS measurements by a blinded emergency physician and a blinded radiologist, reporting mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of POCUS in the prediction of fluoroscopically detected post-reduction malalignment, as interpreted by a blinded pediatric orthopaedist. Results The 58 patients were 7.9 ± 3.5 years of age and had 21 radial (36%), 1 ulnar (2%), and 36 radioulnar (62%) fractures. Fluoroscopy and POCUS angles were within a mean of 0.1°–3.2°, depending on the site and surface measured. Radiologist- and emergency physician-interpreted POCUS measurements were within a mean of 1° in all dimensions. POCUS identified inadequate reductions with 100% sensitivity and 92–93% specificity. Conclusions Blinded emergency medicine and radiology interpretations of post-reduction POCUS fracture images agree closely. Post-reduction POCUS measurements are comparable to those obtained by fluoroscopy and accurately predict adequacy of reduction. POCUS can be used to guide pediatric fracture reduction when bedside fluoroscopy is not available in the ED.
RETHINKING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION: FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES IN THE COMPUTER ERA

The place of scientific knowledge in our understanding of our world and our lives has been discussed with increasing intensity since 1962, when Thomas Kuhn first published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn, 1970). The feminist critique of science makes an important contribution to these discussions even as it shares some elements with other critiques, especially with those derived from concerns about global and human ecology. These discussions touching as they do on the very nature of science and of scientific investigation have had a major impact on the conduct of educational research. But surprisingly little has been written concerning how the issues raised in these discussions might or should affect the conduct of science education in the schools. The purpose of this paper is to address the latter issue with respect to the feminist analysis of science.
Radiographic Healing of Far Cortical Locking Constructs in Distal Femur Fractures: A Comparative Study With Standard Locking Plates.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the radiographic healing of far cortical locking (FCL) construct fixation in distal femur fractures compared with traditional locking plate (LP) constructs. DESIGN A retrospective cohort of 143 consecutive patients with 146 distal femur fractures. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS After excluding patients with OTA/AO type B fractures, referred nonunion cases, patients younger than 16 years, and patients with less than 24 weeks of follow-up, 69 patients with 70 total fractures were included for analysis. INTERVENTION AP and lateral knee radiographs were blinded to type of screws and individually reviewed by 3 orthopaedic trauma surgeons. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The modified RUST (mRUST) score was our primary outcome measure. mRUST scores were assigned at 6, 12, and 24 weeks and final follow-up based on AP and lateral radiographs and compared between FCL and LP groups as a tool for evaluating fracture healing. Secondary outcomes compared between FCL and LP included union rate and postoperative complications. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in mRUST scores were noted between FCL and LP groups at 6 weeks (P = 0.040), 12 weeks (P = 0.034), 24 weeks (0.044), and final follow-up (P = 0.048). There was no significant difference in union or specific complication rates between the 2 groups. The union rate was 90.5% and 82.1% for the FCL and LP groups, respectively, at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study between FCL and LP constructs. The FCL group was noted to have significantly higher mRUST scores at all periods indicating increased callus formation, but the differences seen were small and there were no differences in healing rates or complications between the 2 groups, thus bringing the clinical benefit of FCL into question. Further prospective study designs are needed to compare FCL with LP constructs and to investigate the role of interfragmentary motion on callus formation in distal femur fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Information Security in Information Systems Projects

This article deals with information security in information systems projects, which has become vital in a context of cybercrimes and economic spying proliferation. Based on the theoretical research model derived from UTAUT 2 and TAM models, this study seeks to determine the factors that influence the intention to adopt and use information security in Information Systems (IS) projects. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. Upon data analysis on the SmartPLS 3.2.7 software, the results suggested that: (i) perceived usefulness, habit, and facilitating conditions have a positive influence on the intention to use information security in IS projects; (ii) habit has a positive influence on the use of information security in IS projects. This study surely contributes to enriching the literature in the field of information security where the level of scientific research production remains low.
Insights and Recommendations From Parents Receiving a Diagnosis of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis for Their Child.

Forty-two parents of 41 children reported on their experiences receiving a diagnosis of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis for their child through semistructured phone interviews. Time to diagnosis...
Me and my telescope

Computer scientist Anca Dragan devotes her life to helping robots work out just how weird and unpredictable humans really are
Flashpoint: The Church and Law Enforcement in Poor Black and White Communities

This paper seeks to “connect-the-dots,” linking recent police shootings of African Americans, including several in suburban communities, with emerging research linking the migration to the suburbs of poor, mostly black and Latino urban dwellers with “suburban poverty” and crime. Also discussed are the increase in poverty, crime and incarceration among whites in rural communities. Contrary to popular belief, poor white communities contain the fastest growing segment of the U.S. prison population. Poor whites are also the victims of police violence more often than blacks. As one civil rights leader has written, “While African-Americans are at disproportionate risk from the structural and human biases of our criminal justice system, we should not forget that working and poor people of all races suffer from police excessive use of force. Police kill more whites than blacks.” (Jackson, 2015, para. 11) In an age of draconian and (in the opinion of many) hate-filled reversals in criminal justice and immigration policy, due in large measure to these demographic shifts, the power and moral witness of the church are sorely needed to assist the poor, both black and white. This assistance must go beyond the “outreach ministries” typically seen in churches. Rather, as society’s principal moral voice, the church must see and understand the demographic and cultural changes happening around it, effectively seeing through a moral lens the changes law enforcement often finds threatening. And, within the context of providing pastoral care to the wealthy and the poor, the black and the white, the law enforcer and the ostensible law breaker,assist in brokering relationships that are beneficial to the individuals, families and communities it serves.