cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advances in Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: Interrelations of Adjustment, Development, and Intervention.

Abstract The present article discusses advances in psychotherapy research with children and adolescents. Effective intervention extends beyond identifying treatment techniques. Understanding the scope of dysfunctions and threats to adjustment and the course of development are central. Three central themes are highlighted. First, the scope of clinical dysfunctions, at-risk behavior, and conditions to which children are exposed are discussed. Second, the role of development in adjustment is illustrated by examples of research on negative affect, social behavior, and empathy. Finally, advances in psychotherapy outcome research are described with illustrations of treatment applications in the schools. The importance of treatment informed by developmental theory and the role of the school in identifying dysfunction and intervening are discussed in light of current advances in research.
Mechanistic Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kinesin Kar3

Kar3 is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that is implicated in meiotic and mitotic spindle function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To date, the only truncated protein of Kar3 that has been reported to promote unidirectional movement in vitro is GSTKar3. This motor contains an NH2-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag followed by the Kar3 sequence that is predicted to form an extended α-helical coiled-coil. The α-helical domain leads into the neck linker and COOH-terminal motor domain. Kar3 does not homodimerize with itself but forms a heterodimer with either Cik1 or Vik1, both of which are non-motor polypeptides. We evaluated the microtubule-GSTKar3 complex in comparison to the microtubule-Kar3 motor domain complex to determine the distinctive mechanistic features required for GSTKar3 motility. Our results indicate that ATP binding was significantly faster for GSTKar3 than that observed previously for the Kar3 motor domain. In addition, microtubule-activated ADP release resulted in an intermediate that bound ADP weakly in contrast to the Kar3 motor domain, suggesting that after ADP release, the microtubule-GSTKar3 motor binds ATP in preference to ADP. The kinetics also showed that GST-Kar3 readily detached from the microtubule rather than remaining bound for multiple ATP turnovers. These results indicate that the extended α-helical domain NH2-terminal to the catalytic core provides the structural transitions in response to the ATPase cycle that are critical for motility and that dimerization is not specifically required. This study provides the foundation to define the mechanistic contributions of Cik1 and Vik1 for Kar3 force generation and function in vivo.
Fabrication of microstructures for modeling transport in porous materials

Silicon micromachining was used to fabricate microstructures for modeling transport in porous systems. A linear network of pores connected by narrow channels was etched into silicon to create constricted pore networks. The use of micromachining enables the creation of structures having the same characteristic dimensions as the pore networks found in polymeric controlled release systems. A two mask process was developed to reduce undercutting of convex corners during the anisotropic etching of the silicon. Initial studies of the release of a fluorescent dye out of the micromachined pore network are presented. >
The influence of comorbid MDD on outcome after residential treatment for veterans with PTSD and a history of TBI

Among military personnel, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently reported, highlighting the need for treatment outcome research with this population. This study examined the influence of the presence or absence of comorbid MDD on the outcome of a residential treatment program at the midpoint and end of the program for 47 male veterans with PTSD and a history of TBI. Results demonstrated significant decreases of self-reported symptoms on the PTSD Checklist-Stressor Specific Version (PCL-S; MDD, d = 1.19; No MDD, d = 1.17) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; MDD, d = 0.98; No MDD, d = 1.09) following treatment for both groups. There were no differences in the rate of symptom reduction between groups. Individuals who also met criteria for MDD at pretreatment, however, evidenced higher scores on symptom measures at all assessment time points (ds = 0.60-1.25).
Persistence in a Two-Dimensional Moving-Habitat Model

Environmental changes are forcing many species to track suitable conditions or face extinction. In this study, we use a two-dimensional integrodifference equation to analyze whether a population can track a habitat that is moving due to climate change. We model habitat as a simple rectangle. Our model quickly leads to an eigenvalue problem that determines whether the population persists or declines. After surveying techniques to solve the eigenvalue problem, we highlight three findings that impact conservation efforts such as reserve design and species risk assessment. First, while other models focus on habitat length (parallel to the direction of habitat movement), we show that ignoring habitat width (perpendicular to habitat movement) can lead to overestimates of persistence. Dispersal barriers and hostile landscapes that constrain habitat width greatly decrease the population's ability to track its habitat. Second, for some long-distance dispersal kernels, increasing habitat length improves persistence without limit; for other kernels, increasing length is of limited help and has diminishing returns. Third, it is not always best to orient the long side of the habitat in the direction of climate change. Evidence suggests that the kurtosis of the dispersal kernel determines whether it is best to have a long, wide, or square habitat. In particular, populations with platykurtic dispersal benefit more from a wide habitat, while those with leptokurtic dispersal benefit more from a long habitat. We apply our model to the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfly (Parnassius smintheus).
Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Underwater Crime Scenes

Police agencies are highly adept at processing those crimes that occur on land. When crimes occur in, or under the water the approach is generally one that is founded on the presumption that evidence submerged in water is bereft of forensic value. This chapter attempts to refute that presumption and to establish a set of protocols for the processing of underwater crime scenes.
Prohead RNA: a noncoding viral RNA of novel structure and function

Prohead RNA (pRNA) is an essential component of the powerful Φ29-like bacteriophage DNA packaging motor. However, the specific role of this unique RNA in the Φ29 packaging motor remains unknown. This review examines pRNA as a noncoding RNA of novel structure and function. In order to highlight the reasons for exploring the structure and function of pRNA, we (1) provide an overview of Φ29-like bacteriophage and the Φ29 DNA packaging motor, including putative motor mechanisms and structures of its component parts; (2) discuss pRNA structure and possible roles for pRNA in the Φ29 packaging motor; (3) summarize pRNA self-assembly; and (4) describe the prospective therapeutic applications of pRNA. Many questions remain to be answered in order to connect what is currently known about pRNA structure to its novel function in the Φ29 packaging motor. The knowledge gained from studying the structure, function, and sequence variation in pRNA will help develop tools to better navigate the conformational landscapes of RNA. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:428-437. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1330 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Evaluation of Thiol Raman Activities and pKa Values Using Internally Referenced Raman-Based pH Titration.

Thiols, including organothiol and thiol-containing biomolecules, are among the most important classes of chemicals that are used broadly in organic synthesis, biological chemistry, and nanosciences. Thiol pKa values are key indicators of thiol reactivity and functionality. Reported herein is an internally referenced Raman-based pH titration method that enables reliable quantification of thiol pKa values for both mono- and dithiols in water. The degree of thiol ionization is monitored directly using the peak intensity of the S–H stretching feature in the 2600 cm–1 region relative to an internal reference peak as a function of the titration solution’s pH. The thiol pKa values and Raman activity relative to its internal reference were then determined by curve fitting the experimental data with equations derived on the basis of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. Using this Raman titration method, we determined for the first time the first and second thiol pKa values for 1,2-benzenedithiol in water. This Rama...
Electronic Monitoring: Philosophical, Systemic, and Political Issues

Electronic monitoring programs were developed roughly fifteen years ago with the aim of reducing jail and prison populations. Since then, a number of issues have surfaced, some of which have been resolved in ways that have strengthened the usefulness of electronic monitoring. Others, however, remain unresolved and threaten to weaken this controversial sanction. Using a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate most any correctional program, this paper traces the development of electronic monitoring programs in the United States and addresses the philosophical, systemic, and political issues that have surfaced. Ways to address the unresolved issues are also considered. We suggest that awareness about electronic monitoring on several levels will strengthen the utility and versatility of the sanction.
Fractionation and Characterization of 2',5'-O1igoadenylates by Polyaecrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: An Alternative Method for Assaying 2',5'-O1igoadenylate Synthetase

ABSTRACT 2',5'-Linked oligoadenylates of varying chain lengths (2,5As) are formed from ATP by an interferon (IFN)-induced enzyme, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase). To identify these multiple forms, a method was devised utilizing electrophoretic separation of 32P-labeled 2,5As in a thin 20% polyacrylamide gel containing 7 M urea. A mixture of 2,5As synthesized from rat liver nuclear suspension was fractionated by this method. Each species was eluted from the gel for characterization by specific nucleotidylic enzymes. All major species in the gel were identified, including dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric forms with either 5' tri- or diphosphates, as well as dephosphorylated species. Thus, in a single step, this method produced a more complete assessment of newly synthesized 2,5As and their degradative products than conventional, multistep DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It also allowed more rapid screening of multiple samples than high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method, us...
A case- control study on the relationship of drinking water from farmland edge and digestive tract cancers

Objective To explore the relationship between drinking water from farmland edge and digestive tract cancers in rural areas. Methods A total of 180 cases of digestive tract cancers from Longquan city,Jinyun county and Qingtian county were selected and 360 controls with the same age group and sex were enrolled. 1∶ 2 matched design of case- control study was used. The data was analyzed by Wilcoxon matched- pairs signed- ranks test. Results Overall,individuals who drank water from farmland edge were more likely to have digestive tract cancer among 3 areas( OR = 4. 005,95% CI:2. 228- 7. 199). In Qingtian county the risk of digestive tract cancers in individuals who drank water from farmland edge was 5. 375 times of control group population( 95% CI: 2. 287- 12. 635),But there was not statistically significant in Longquan city and Jinyun county( P 0. 05). For gastric cancer,the proportion of drinking farmland edge water was significantly higher in cases than that in control group( OR = 4. 875,95% CI: 2. 007- 11. 839),while the difference was not statistically significant for liver cancer,colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer( P 0. 05). In Qingtian county,for gastric cancer,the proportion of drinking water from farmland edge was 5. 750 times of control group population( 95% CI:1. 683- 19. 649). But there was not statistically significant in other cancers( P 0. 05). Conclusion Drinking water near farmland edge may be one of the risk factors of gastric cancer in rural areas.
Living on the edge: rapid-toggling probes with cross-modification on x86

Dynamic probe injection is now a widely used method to debug performance in production. Current techniques for dynamic probing of native code, however, rely on an expensive stop-the-world approach: binary changes are made within a safe state of the program---typically in which all the program threads are halted---to ensure that another thread executing the modified code region doesn't step into a partially-modified code. Stop-the-world patching is not scalable. In contrast, low overhead, scalable probes that can be rapidly toggled on and off in-place would open up new use cases for statistical profilers and language implementations, even traditional ahead-of-time, native-code compilers. In this paper we introduce safe cross-modification protocols that mutate x86 code between threads but do not require quiescing threads, resulting in radically lower overheads than existing solutions. A key problem is handling instructions that straddle cache lines. We empirically evaluate existing x86 architectures to derive a safe policy given current processor behavior, and we argue that future architectures should clarify the semantics of instruction fetching to make cheap cross-modification easier and future proof.
Nonsquamous tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

A group of 23 relatively uncommon primary neoplasms, including eight neoplasms of the jaws or facial bones and three tumors of uncertain etiology and histogenesis clinically related to the primary bone group, is described. A group of vanishingly rare neoplasms of this area is mentioned. Diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, biologic behavior, treatment principles, and prognosis of these tumors are emphasized.
Indexing for Similarity Search Operators

This chapter deviates from the semantics-oriented discussion in this book and considers the motivation for indexes and efficient algorithms for evaluating similarity queries. We start with the computationally simplest case of processing similarity queries over data objects in a Euclidean space where we illustrate the utility of the k-d Tree to enable efficient search. We then relax the constraints and move to general metric spaces, where the triangle inequality becomes the most important property. We describe a commonly used index called the VP Tree for such a case. Finally, we consider the most general scenario where the distance measure can be arbitrary. The only property assumed is the monotonicity of the distance function. Here we consider two approaches—the family of Threshold algorithms and the AL Tree based indexing method and show how they can be used for Top-k search in such situations.
A TRIAL OF LABOR COMPLICATED BY UTERINE RUPTURE FOLLOWING AMNIOINFUSION

Amnioinfusion has become accepted in the management of intrapartum cord compression, meconium-stained fluid, and oligohydramnios. Limited experience exists regarding amnioinfusion in patients undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean section and its potential complications. We report a case of trial of labor in which uterine rupture occurred following intrapartum amnioinfusion. This case demonstrates the need for careful attention to amnioinfusion volumes and administration in patients with a previous cesarean section.
Equation of Motion

This chapter provides an overview of nonlinear equation of motion. The stability analysis is confined to the linear equation of motion. No such general elementary analysis is available for the nonlinear equation of motion. If the physical system is conserving energy, or momentum, then this serves as a computational check on the conservation of the time integration scheme. Explicit schemes are computationally attractive for linear systems of second-order equations because no matrix inversion is required for them. Serious computational differences between explicit conditionally stable and implicit unconditionally stable schemes arise only in nonlinear problems and those leading to a stiff system of linear coupled equations of motion such as typically occur in the elastodynamic problem discretized by finite differences. For the linear single degree of freedom dynamic problem, there exists no fundamental computational distinction between explicit and implicit schemes applied to its solution, and the step size limitation of stability is beyond that dictated by the desire for reasonable accuracy. Serious computational differences between explicit conditionally stable and implicit unconditionally stable schemes arise only in nonlinear, for example, single degree of freedom, problems and those leading to a stiff system of linear coupled equations of motion such as typically occur in the elastodynamic. In nonlinear problems, implicit schemes require the solution of a nonlinear equation at each step while the explicit scheme does not.
Fraternity Member Reflections About Civic Values

AbstractFraternity members are exposed to developmental opportunities through service, leadership, and involvement, guided by organizational values. The purpose of this study was to learn more about how members interpret their experiences in relation to civic values. Data sources were responses from essays (n = 196) written by graduate and undergraduate members of an international fraternity. Results from thematic analysis evidenced a range of applications, from a literal interpretation of rules to a broader sense of agency in the world. Discussion focuses on addressing gaps in what members are learning based on the core tenets of NASPA’s Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement (CLDE).
On-demand aggregation of gridded data over user-specified spatio-temporal domains

The advent of satellite imagery, remote sensing products, and global scale numerical climate models over the last two decades has created an explosion of available gridded environmental data. These space-time explicit datasets are produced and distributed using different spatial and temporal resolutions. Current approaches for comparing two different products generally involve offline pre-computation of aggregations to a common spatio-temporal resolution. This limits the user's ability to interactively compare different data products or transform data products into the required input resolution for modeling.The goal of this work is to enable end users to perform on- the-fly transformations of gridded data products to different spatio-temporal resolutions to facilitate exploratory analyses and comparison of different data products. In this paper we propose a compressed columnar indexing and query processing to support online aggregation of gridded data over user-specified spatio-temporal domains. Our approach requires up to two orders of magnitude less space than more traditional indexing while maintaining competitive execution time for different aggregations in time and space.
Dopamine Receptor Agonists and Hypertension

Dopamine receptor agonists exert pronounced cardiovascular actions that result from activation of specific dopamine receptors located at various sites within the cardiovascular system (Clark, 1981; Cavero et al., 1982a,b; Lokhandwala and Barrett, 1981, 1982, 1983). Although dopamine is the prototype of dopamine receptor agonists, in addition to the activation of dopamine receptors, this catecholamine also possesses agonistic actions at a and β adrenoceptors (Goldberg, 1972; Lokhandwala and Barrett, 1982). Therefore, attempts have been made to develop Compounds that are selective at dopamine receptors and do not exert significant actions at other adrenoceptors. As discussed in several chapters of this volume, one of the major aims in developing these compounds is for the therapeutic potential they offer in the treatment of various cardiovascular and renal disorders.
Health App Use Among Individuals With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Survey Study With Thematic Coding

Background: Researchers have largely turned to commercial app stores, randomized trials, and systematic reviews to make sense of the mHealth landscape. Few studies have approached understanding by collecting information from target end users. The end user perspective is critical as end user interest in and use of mHealth technologies will ultimately drive the efficacy of these tools. Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain information from end users of mHealth technologies to better understand the physical and mental health apps people use and for what purposes. Methods: People with depressive or anxious symptoms (N=176) seeking entry into a trial of mental health and well-being apps for Android devices completed online questionnaires assessing depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), past and current mental health treatment-seeking behavior, overall mobile device use, and use of mobile health apps. Participants reported the physical health and mental health apps on their devices and their reasons for using them. Data were extracted from the participant self-reports and apps and app purposes were coded in order to categorize them. Results: Participants were largely white, middle-aged females from the Midwest region of the United States recruited via a health care organization and Web-based advertising (135 female, 41 male, mean age 38.64 years, age range 19-75 years.) Over three-quarters (137/176, 77.8%) of participants indicated having a health app on their device. The top 3 kinds of apps were exercise, fitness, and pedometers or heart rate monitoring apps (93/176, 52.8%); diet, food, or calorie counting apps (65/177, 36.9%); and mental health/wellness apps (46/177, 26.1%). The mean number of mobile physical and mental health apps on a participant’s phone was 2.15 (SD 3.195). Of 176 participants, 107 (60.8%) specifically reported the top 5 health apps that they used and their purposes. Across the 107 participants, a total of 285 apps were reported, with 139 being unique apps. The majority of these apps were free (129/139, 92.8%). Almost two-thirds of participants (67/107, 62.6%) reported using health apps at least on a daily basis. Conclusions: Among those seeking support for their well-being via physical and mental health apps, people are using a variety of health apps. These people use health apps on a daily basis, especially free apps. The most common reason for using a health app is to track some health-related data; for mental health apps specifically, training or habit building was the most popular reason. Understanding the end user perspective is important because it allows us to build on the foundation of previously established mHealth research and may help guide future work in mHealth. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02176226; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02176226 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6rGc1MGyM) [JMIR Ment Health 2017;4(2):e22]
Promising Routes to a High Li+ Transference Number Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries

The continued search for routes to improve the power and energy density of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles and consumer electronics has resulted in significant innovation in all cell components, particularly in electrode materials design. In this Review, we highlight an often less noted route to improving energy density: increasing the Li+ transference number of the electrolyte. Turning to Newman’s original lithium ion battery models, we demonstrate that electrolytes with modestly higher Li+ transference numbers compared to traditional carbonate-based liquid electrolytes would allow higher power densities and enable faster charging (e.g., >2C), even if their conductivity was substantially lower than that of conventional electrolytes. Most current research in high transference number electrolytes (HTNEs) focuses on ceramic electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and ionomer membranes filled with nonaqueous solvents. We highlight a number of the challenges limiting current HTNE systems and suggest a...
Women of the American Otological Society.

Objective:To describe the history of women in the American Otological Society (AOS).Methods:Biographies of the early women of the AOS were compiled through review of the AOS transactions, their published scholarship, newspaper articles, and memorials. Interviews were conducted with the only two wome
La Virgen de Chiquinquirá y la religión muisca

The paper proposes a new approach and a new analysis of the Virgen de Chiquinquira, the most famous religious image in Colombia, produced around 1550 in the Eastern Cordillera within the context of the local indigenous Muisca religion. The analysis is primarily concerned with the materiality and with the formal and stylistic qualities of the image painted on a Muisca cloth (known as manta in Spanish). The image was compared with primary sources from the colonial period in order to highlight the importance of the muisca contribution to its production and to the subsequent devotion to it. Relying on the theories of perspectivism, we point out the agency of objects such as mucuras, tunjos and cloths in the creation of belief. Finally, we claim that the Virgen de Chiquinquira was a Muisca votive object since its inception.
Dentin/enamel adhesives: review of the literature.

This paper describes the development of dentin bonding systems, and describes the current strategies for bonding composite resin materials to dentin. Two main strategies are available — total-etch or self-etch — and each has unique advantages and disadvantages. For each category, simplified systems that reduce the number of application steps are available. Currently, the market is moving towards self-etching materials, largely because these are associated with less post-operative tooth sensitivity. However, the clinical performance of most of these materials is not yet proven.(Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:456-461)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Post-Mortem Autistic Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable, noninvasive tool for understanding structural abnormalities in the brain. The M.I.N.D. Institute at UC Davis has developed a protocol utilizing MRI to investigate anatomical differences in the post-mortem brain by applying a proton density weighted imaging sequence for optimal differences in image intensity (contrast) between gray and white matter. Images of the brain obtained prior to distribution of tissue and further neuropathological examination provide a record of how the brain appeared prior to tissue processing. The virtual representation of the whole brain can also be subjected to additional analyses, such as measuring the volume of brain regions or area of the cortical surface. We describe our procedures for carrying out post-mortem MRI of the human brain.
Demography of Aging

In the 1960s, the demographic phenomenon that received a great deal of both scholarly and popular attention was rapid population growth, popularly referred to as the population explosion. By the end of the 20th century, global population aging—the graying of the world (Peterson 1999)—was the demographic phenomenon receiving a great deal of attention. These demographic trends generated widespread alarm regarding the threat that each posed to the future social and economic well-being of societies. Interestingly, both are produced by the modernization of demographic behavior, or the demographic transition. Rapid population growth occurred as death rates declined rapidly, resulting in birth rates exceeding death rates. As birth rates subsequently declined around the world, population growth slowed and population aging began. In other words, population aging is the price paid for solving the challenge of population growth. There is, however, an important contrast between the issues of rapid population growth and population aging. Rapid population growth appears to be a short-term phenomenon, whereas the marked change in age composition resulting from population aging is unlikely to be reversed in the future. This chapter begins by discussing the demographic determinants and global patterns of population aging and then explores a series of important issues related to population aging: How does migration affect population age composition? What are the implications of population aging for pension systems? How does population aging affect population health and health care? How does population aging affect kinship structures? Finally, it reviews methodological issues related to studying population aging and future research directions.
Abstract WP254: Inhibition of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase (CaMKK) Exacerbates Endothelial Cell Impairment After Cerebral Ischemia

CaMKK (α and β) is a major kinase activated by elevated intracellular calcium. We have previously demonstrated CaMKK is neuroprotective in stroke. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK exacerbated ou...
Emerging role of testosterone in pancreatic β cell function and insulin secretion

One of the most sexually dimorphic aspects of metabolic regulation is the bidirectional modulation of glucose homeostasis by testosterone in male and females. Severe testosterone deficiency predisposes men to type 2 diabetes (T2D), while in contrast, androgen excess predisposes women to hyperglycemia. The role of androgen deficiency and excess in promoting visceral obesity and insulin resistance in men and women respectively is well established. However, although it is established that hyperglycemia requires β cell dysfunction to develop, the role of testosterone in β cell function is less understood. This review discusses recent evidence that the androgen receptor (AR) is present in male and female β cells. In males, testosterone action on AR in β cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by potentiating the insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1. In females, excess testosterone action via AR in β cells promotes insulin hypersecretion leading to oxidative injury, which in turn predisposes to T2D.
History of Depression and Increased Risk of Sternal Wound Infection After Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Novel and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor.

Background Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a leading cause of postoperative disease and death; the risk factors for SWI remain incompletely understood. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between a preoperative history of depression and the risk of SWI after cardiothoracic surgery. Methods Among patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery in a major academic medical center between 2007 and 2012, those in whom SWI developed (n = 129) were matched, by date of surgery, with those in whom it did not (n = 258). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the strength of relationships between risk factors and development of infection. History of depression was defined as a composite variable to increase the sensitivity of detection. Results History of depression as defined by our composite variable was associated with increased risk of SWI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.7; P = .01). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated. Conclusions History of depression was associated with increased risk of SWI. Future prospective studies are warranted to further investigate this relationship. Depression is highly treatable, and increased efforts to identify and treat depression preoperatively may be a critical step toward preventing infection-related disease and death.
Effects of preslaughter management on the quality of carcasses from porcine stress syndrome heterozygous market hogs.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether two preslaughter management treatments, rest and mixing, influence the muscle quality of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) heterozygous (Nn) market hogs and to verify the expected quality characteristics of carcasses produced from PSS-normal (NN) and PSS-susceptible (nn animals. Twenty-nine Nn, 14 NN, and 9 nn market hogs were randomly assigned to preslaughter handling treatments. One-half of the animals in each genotype group received 16 h of rest before slaughter, and the remaining pigs were slaughtered immediately upon arrival at the Iowa State University Meat Laboratory. Within each group, half of the Nn animals were mixed with unfamiliar pigs during transport and lairage. Length, backfat, and loin muscle area (LMA) were not affected by mixing and rest treatment. The carcasses from nn pigs had less fat (P <.05) measured at the 10th rib (off midline) and last lumbar vertebra (midline) and possessed larger LMA than carcasses from NN pigs. Heterozygous pigs were intermediate for most carcass traits. Carcass pH values among heterozygous groups were not significantly different, except that the rested animals had higher ultimate pH values (P <.01) and higher 45-min pH values. Resting had no effect on pH of NN or nn pigs. The 45-min pH values of nn carcasses were lower (P <.01) than those of NN carcasses, but ultimate pH values were similar. Values of unrested Nn animals were between those of NN and nn genotypes but with rest approached values of NN pigs. Loin muscle Minolta-Y and Hunter-L values from unrested Nn animals were higher (P <.05) than those of rested Nn animals. Mixing did not influence these traits. The longissimus muscle lipid content was not influenced by treatment but differed among genotypes (P <.01). Glycogen levels of rested Nn animals tended to be lower than those of NN animals and approached those of nn pigs. Mixing of Nn animals resulted in higher (P <.05) chewiness scores of cooked loin chops. No significant cooking loss or Instron tenderness differences were observed between the PSS-Nn treatment groups. Even though 16 h of rest before slaughter improved the color and water-holding capacity of Nn pigs, effects were small and were much less than those that were due to the PSS gene.
Understanding veterinary students' intrinsic, extrinsic, and lifestyle values

Introduction: Workplace values are a significant factor in facilitating successful transitions from the classroom to the workforce and in the career development process. Furthermore, employees whose value system aligns with that of their coworkers and leaders report higher rates of job satisfaction. This study sought to determine what current doctor of veterinary medicine (DVM) students' value with respect to intrinsic, extrinsic, and lifestyle factors. Methods: A modified version of the work values checklist was administered to 100 3rd-year students at a large veterinary school located in the United States. Results: The three values rated most important among participants were “Have fun in your life and at work,” “Feel respected for your work,” and “Gain a sense of achievement.” The three values rated least important were “Be involved in politics,” “Compete with others,” and “Live abroad.” Conclusion: Overall, intrinsic and lifestyle values appear to play a larger role in DVM students' workplace preferences than extrinsic values. Researchers are encouraged to replicate this study at other institutions to determine the extent to which findings from this study are generalizable across the veterinary medical profession.
New evidence of spillovers in personal bankruptcy using point-coded data

ABSTRACTBankruptcy spillovers are said to occur when a household’s decision to file for bankruptcy is influenced by the filings of neighbours. This paper argues that spillovers are best captured by...
The critical shoulder angle (CSA) in glenohumeral osteoarthritis: Does observer experience affect measurement reliability on plain radiographs?

Abstract Background The critical shoulder angle (CSA) has been associated with full-thickness rotator cuff tears both in the presence and absence of glenohumeral arthritis. It is unclear whether the CSA can be reliably measured from plain radiographs of concentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis amongst examiners at differing levels of training. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs of consecutive patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The CSA was measured on a standardized AP scapular view at baseline and then 4 weeks later by fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons, a shoulder fellow and a senior orthopaedic resident. Grade of arthritis was categorized using the Samilson and Prieto method. The inter- and intra-observer reliability was then determined for all examiners, as well as for increasing severity of radiographic arthritis. The relationship between the CSA and grade of arthritis was assessed. Results There were 166 included patients comprised of 104 females (63%) and 62 males (37%) with a mean age of 65.9 ± 10.4 years. The inter- and intra-observer reliability for measuring the CSA amongst all examiners was found to be excellent, with an intra-class coefficient (ICC) of >0.9 (p Conclusion The CSA can reliably be measured by examiners at varying levels of orthopaedic training, even with more advanced radiographic glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Level of evidence: Level III (Prognostic).
Determinants of Selective Fidelity in Diversity-Generating Retroelements

Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) diversify proteins to the greatest extent known in the natural world. These elements are found in a wide variety of microbes, including constituents of the microbial dark matter and the human microbiome. Diversification occurs through selective fidelity, in which genetic information in RNA is reverse transcribed to cDNA faithfully for all bases but adenine. We investigated the determinants of selective fidelity in the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR using an in vitro system that recapitulates this process. We found that the DGR reverse transcriptase bRT and associated protein Avd, along with a specific DGR RNA that contains a template region and flanking functional elements, had a markedly low catalytic efficiency across a template adenine. This was the case even for the correct base pair with an incoming TTP, in agreement with results from other low fidelity polymerases. We identified the C6 substituent of a template purine as a major determinant of selective fidelity, and also identified two bRT amino acids with counterparts in HIV RT based on an in silico model, R74 and I181, whose substitution led to increased fidelity. Our results provide the first elucidation of nucleobase and protein determinants of selective fidelity in DGRs.
Using Peer Code Review as an Educational Tool

Code-review, the systematic examination of source code, is widely used in industry, but seldom used in courses. We designed and implemented a rubric-driven online peer code-review system (PCR) that we have deployed for two semesters, during which 228 students performed over 1003 code reviews. PCR is designed to meet four goals: (1) Provide timely feedback to students on their submissions, (2) Teach students the art of code review, (3) Allow custom feedback on submissions even in massive online classes, and (4) Allow students to learn from each other. We report on using PCR, in particular, the accuracy of student-based reviews, the surprising number of free-form comments made by students, the variability of staff-based reviews, how student engagement impacts the accuracy, the additional workload, and anecdotal perspectives of students. We describe some critical design considerations for PCR including rubric design, the importance of PCR training on each assignment to acclimate students to the rubric, and how we match student reviewers to student submissions.
Faculty education in addiction training (FEAT): Evaluating an online training program for multidisciplinary health professions educators.

Background: Many health professionals lack adequate training needed to effectively address alcohol and other drug (AOD)-related problems. Building upon our previously successful in-person faculty t...
Buckle-Delamination-Enabled Stretchable Silver Nanowire Conductors

Controlled buckling and delamination of thin films on a compliant substrate has attracted much attention for applications ranging from micro/nanofabrication to flexible and stretchable electronics to bioengineering. Here, a highly conductive and stretchable conductor is fabricated by attaching a polymer composite film (with a thin layer of silver nanowires embedded below the surface of the polymer matrix) on top of a prestretched elastomer substrate followed with releasing the prestrain. A partially delaminated wavy geometry of the polymer film is created. During the evolution of the buckle-delamination, the blisters pop-up randomly but self-adjust into a uniform distribution, which effectively reduces the local strain in the silver nanowires. The resistance change of the conductor is less than 3% with the applied strain up to 100%. A theoretical model on the buckle-delamination structure is developed to predict the geometrical evolution, which agrees well with experimental observation. Finally, an integrated silver nanowire/elastomer sensing module and a stretchable thermochromic device are developed to demonstrate the utility of the stretchable conductor. This work highlights the important relevance of mechanics-based design in nanomaterial-enabled stretchable devices.
Social Network Feedback and Drinking Outcomes among Emerging Adult Risky Drinkers Living in Urban Communities

Alcohol use and related problems often increase during emerging adulthood and are influenced by social networks. Investigating alcohol-specific feedback from network members may be useful for under...
Impact of Orthogonal, Pseudorandom Radar Waveforms in Estimating the Backscatter Frequency Correlation Function

To determine the biomass of a forest, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) could be used to measure the frequency correlation function (FCF) of backscatter to estimate the average canopy height. An FCF capable SAR must measure the target backscatter at several frequencies simultaneously. This will require transmitters with orthogonal waveforms to maintain a low system complexity. Circularly shifted m-sequences are proposed as suitable waveforms. Their limitations and some solutions are discussed. Their ability to correctly estimate the FCF is also assessed through a computer simulation. As an example, it is shown that a maximal length sequence with 2047 chips can reasonably estimate the FCF of a target in the presence of clutter.
An architecture that efficiently updates associative aggregates in applicative programming languages

Applicative (also called functional) programming systems prohibit side effects, including assignments to variables. This restriction has several advantages, including referential transparency and potential parallel program execution. A major disadvantage, however, is that aggregate data structures become very expensive to maintain: when the programmer updates a single element in an aggregate, many applicative language implementations must completely recopy the aggregate. This paper solves the aggregate update problem with a two-level architecture: a microprogram maintains “associative aggregate” data structures, and a hardware memory design (the Associative Aggregate Machine) implements powerful insertion, deletion and searching operations required by the microprogram. The Associative Aggregate Machine contains a linear sequence of cells comprising storage and combinational logic. Each cell is connected to its predecessor and successor, so the sequence of cells forms a shift register that supports insertion and deletion. In addition, a binary tree of combinational logic nodes performs fast associative searching through the sequence of cells. The Associative Aggregate Machine architecture is extremely regular and is well suited for VLSI implementation.
Abstract 15269: Racial and Income Disparities and Trends in the Use of Bioprosthetic Valves for Aortic Valve Replacements

Introduction: The use of bioprosthetic valves (BAVR) for aortic valve replacements (AVR) has been on the rise and being placed in increasingly younger patients. We sought to determine usage trends of BAVR versus mechanical (MAVR) prosthesis for AVRs, and to examine whether race and income level correlate with valve selection. Hypothesis: The use of bioprosthetic over mechanical aortic valves has been increasing and there is a correlation between the type of valve used and both income and race. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2000 to 2010 was queried to identify all patients who had an isolated BAVR or MAVR. The trend in the rates of BAVR selection was determined according to sex, age, race, and income level. Results: From the 86.6 million patient discharges, 70,012 isolated aortic valves were implanted. 51.8% were BAVR and 59.8% were implanted into males. The proportion of patients receiving BAVR increased annually from 32.7% in 2000 to 63.6% in 2009. By 2010, 69.8% of 60-89 year-olds and 42.1% of 30-59 year-olds received BAVRs. Starting in 2005, more than half of all isolated aortic valves implanted were bioprosthetic. There was also a significant positive correlation between higher incomes and the likelihood of getting a BAVR, ranging from 55.9% for the lowest quartile to 68.3% for the highest quartile (p Conclusions: The rate of BAVRs has been increasing and correlates positively with age and income level. BAVRs were also more common in whites compared to blacks and Hispanics. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of socioeconomic status and race on the type of valve chosen for AVR.
Temperature dependent surface electrochemistry on Pt single crystals in alkaline electrolytes: Part 2. The hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction

The hydrogen evolution reaction (her) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (hor) are studied on Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) single crystal surfaces in 0.1 M KOH over the temperature range 275–333 K. The results demonstrated that the kinetics of the her/hor are structure sensitive processes, with Pt(110) being about ten times more active than either of the atomically ‘flatter’ (100) or (111) faces at 275 K. At higher temperatures, however, the value of the exchange current density differs by less than a factor of two between Pt(110) and Pt(111). The difference in activity with crystal face is attributed to the structure sensitive adsorption of underpotentially deposited hydrogen (Hupd) and hydroxyl species (OHad) and the effect these species have on the formation of the electroactive intermediate, Hopd, whose physical state is uncertain. It is proposed that in the vicinity of the Nernst potential Hupd and OHad may have two modes of action on the kinetics of the her/hor: a blocking effect from competition for the same sites with molecular H2 and Hopd, and an energetic effect altering the adsorption energy of the reactive intermediate. The significant differences of the her/hor kinetics in alkaline versus acid electrolyte are suggested to arise mainly due to the presence of OHad even close to the reversible potential of the her/hor in alkaline electrolytes.
Reducing Page Thrashing in Recursive Query Processing

We introduce the problem of page thrashing in the seminaive algorithm for computing recursive queries. We present techniques that take into consideration the system's paging behavior during query computation to reduce this page thrashing. We also propose a buffering strategy based on the Query Locality Set Model that reduces the total memory requirement of a recursive query. We present simulation results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques, both in single and multi-user environments.