cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a new ARID family transcription factor (Brightlike/ARID3C) that co-activates Bright/ARID3A-mediated immunoglobulin gene transcription.

Abstract Two members, Bright/ARID3A and Bdp/ARID3B, of the ARID (AT-Rich Interaction Domain) transcription family are distinguished by their ability to specifically bind to DNA and to self-associate via a second domain, REKLES. Bright and Bdp positively regulate immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) transcription by binding to AT-rich motifs within Matrix Associating Regions (MARs) residing within a subset of VH promoters and the Eμ intronic enhancer. In addition, REKLES provides Bright nuclear export function, and a small pool of Bright is directed to plasma membrane sub-domains/lipid rafts where it associates with and modulates signaling of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Here, we characterize a third, highly conserved, physically condensed ARID3 locus, Brightlike/ARID3C. Brightlike encodes two alternatively spliced, SUMO-I-modified isoforms that include or exclude (Δ6) the REKLES-encoding exon 6. Brightlike transcripts and proteins are expressed preferentially within B lineage lymphocytes and coordinate with highest Bright expression in activated follicular B cells. Brightlike, but not BrightlikeΔ6, undergoes nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling with a fraction localizing within lipid rafts following BCR stimulation. Brightlike, but not BrightlikeΔ6, associates with Bright in solution, at common DNA binding sites in vitro, and is enriched at Bright binding sites in chromatin. Although possessing little transactivation capacity of its own, Brightlike significantly co-activates Bright-dependent IgH transcription with maximal activity mediated by the unsumoylated form. In sum, this report introduces Brightlike as an additional functional member of the family of ARID proteins, which should be considered in regulatory circuits, previously ascribed to be mediated by Bright.
Observer design for discrete-time systems subject to time-delay nonlinearities

In this paper, we address the problem of designing nonlinear observers for dynamical discrete-time systems with both constant and time-varying delay nonlinearities. The nonlinear system is assumed to verify the usual Lipschitz condition that permits us to transform the nonlinear system into a linear time-delay system with structured uncertainties. The existence of the observer-gain is ensured by the solution of a one linear matrix inequality. An illustrative example is included to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed observation technique.
Symptomatic ileofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to May-Thurner syndrome

A 33-year-old woman with no medical history reported an acute onset of left leg and thigh swelling. A review of her medications revealed that she had started oral contraceptives 2 months previously. Ultrasonography and subsequent venography demonstrated extensive ileofemoral clot burden. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy successfully restored venous return with subsequent improvement in the leg swelling and oedema. In this case, we describe a patient presenting with extensive ileofemoral deep vein thrombosis, otherwise known as the May-Thurner syndrome.
Impact response of a string-on-plastic foundation

Summary A complete analysis of the large deformation response of a plastic string resting on a plastic foundation and undergoing localized mass impact, is presented. The formulation is based on the conservation of linear momentum and the kinematic and dynamic continuity conditions on a moving wave front. A closed-form solution is obtained for the instantaneous velocity and deflection profiles as well as for the final permanent deformed shape of the string and the magnitude of the maximum central deflection. An approximate expression for the central deflection amplitude is also derived using the solution of the corresponding static problem. Finally, the string-on-foundation problem is related to the large deflection dynamic plastic response of a cylindrical shell subjected to mass impact. A parametric study is performed to assess the effect of the impacting mass, the impact velocity, and the shell parameters on the magnitude of the permanent displacements and deformed shape of the shell.
Acute lung injury during bacterial or fungal sepsis.

We compared physiological and ultrastructural indices of acute lung injury (ALI) during septic shock caused by taxonomically diverse pathogens to distinguish ALI due to endogenous inflammatory mediators vs. microbial exotoxins or other factors. Conscious rats were infected i.v. with gram-negative Escherichia coli (EC, serotype 055:B5), exotoxin-C producing gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA), or yeast-phase Candida albicans (CA, a clinical isolate). Viable inocula of 10(10) EC, 10(10) SA, or 10(9) CA caused lethal shock in < 24 h, but distinct types of ALI were noted after bacteria vs. fungi. Within 0.5 h of EC infection, leukocytes marginated in the lung vasculature; by death at 6-14 h, animals were hyperoxemic but not acidemic, and showed slight interstitial edema with increased wet/dry weight ratios (W/D = 5.22 +/- 0.10, mean +/- SE, vs. 4.86 +/- 0.07 in controls, P < 0.05). Similarly mild ALI occurred after 10(10) SA. In contrast, within 0.5 h of CA infection, yeast were visible within lung intravascular leukocytes. By death at 6-12 h, CA animals showed hyperoxic acidemia and moderate ALI with capillary obstruction, interstitial hemorrhage, and elevated lung W/D (5.52 +/- 0.13, P < 0.01 vs. controls) associated with yeast-mycelial transformation. Prior neutropenia accelerated mortality and worsened ALI after CA, with hypoxemic acidemia, increased lung W/D (7.23 +/- 0.34, P < 0.05 vs. other groups), capillary occlusion, perivascular and alveolar hemorrhage, and septal disruption by mycelia. Bacteremia induced large increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1 alpha within 1.5 h, but these cytokines remained low in CA animals, even at death. Neither survival nor ALI after EC or CA was altered by pentoxifylline, which attentuated TNF production, or by cyclooxygenase inhibition with ibuprofen. Thus, overall ALI severity correlated with physiological indices of pulmonary function, but ultrastructural changes correlated better with pathogen type than circulating cytokine or eicosanoid mediators. Whereas lethal bacteremia induced early cytokinemia and mild ALI with or without bacterial exotoxins, moderate ALI apparently was mediated by fungal exotoxins during lethal candidemia, which worsened during neutropenia due to enhanced mycelial proliferation.
A Practical Data Classification Framework for Scalable and High Performance Chip-Multiprocessors

State-of-the-art chip multiprocessor (CMP) proposals emphasize general optimizations designed to deliver computing power for many types of applications. Potentially, significant performance improvements that leverage application-specific characteristics such as data access behavior are missed by this approach. In this paper, we demonstrate how scalable and high-performance parallel systems can be built by classifying data accesses into different categories and treating them differently. We develop a novel compiler-based approach to speculatively detect a data classification termed practically private, which we demonstrate is ubiquitous in a wide range of parallel applications. Leveraging this classification provides efficient solutions to mitigate data access latency and coherence overhead in today’s many-core architectures. While the proposed data classification scheme can be applied to many micro-architectural constructs including the TLB, coherence directory, and interconnect, we demonstrate its potential through an efficient cache coherence design. Specifically, we show that the compiler-assisted mechanism reduces an average of 46% coherence traffic and achieves up to 12%, 8%, and 5% performance improvement over shared, private, and state-of-the-art NUCA-based caching, respectively, depending on scenarios.
Asymptotic efficiency calculations of the partial likelihood estimator

Abstract This paper develops an approximation formula for the asymptotic relative efficiency of the partial likelihood estimator in the proportional hazard model of Cox (1972). It extends the results of Kabfleisch (1974) and Kay (1979) to multiple covariates, censorings, and a general form of baseline hazard. It finds, in particular, that the efficiency of the partial likelihood estimator increases as the complexity of the baseline hazard or the severity of the censoring increase in the model.
Effective non-linear coefficients of optical waveguides

Using the weakly guiding approximation, and with the assumption that the non-linearities are sufficiently weak so as not to change the transverse mode profile, perturbation theory is used to derive simple expressions for evaluating the modal, or effective, non-linear coefficients of optical waveguide structures based on the non-linear coefficients of the constituent materials. In particular, the third-order and fifth-order optical non-linearities of refraction and absorption are discussed. The expressions are used to estimate the effective modal non-linear refraction coefficients for various types of slab waveguides, focusing primarily on femtosecond refractive non-linearities in semiconductor amplifiers, including quantum-well structures. The results are of particular relevance to the design of all-optical switches based on these effects.
A general boundary approach to the construction of Michell truss structures

The goal of the present study is to provide a building block approach which will enable the synthesis of new Michell truss structure solutions. Curved support boundaries for Michell truss structures are categorized into four types. Each type is graphically illustrated as a simple example structure. A general matrix operator method is developed to solve the layout of each type. Numerical solutions that use the matrix method are compared with analytical solutions in a case study that comprises complimentary logarithmic spirals on a circular arc boundary. To illustrate the applications of this study, numerical layout solutions on a circular support boundary are explored that produce a family of globally-optimal Michell cantilever solutions for the support of a distributed load along a straight cantilever flange.
Clinical Validation of a Highly Sensitive GC-MS Platform for Routine Urine Drug Screening and Real-Time Reporting of up to 212 Drugs

An important role of the clinical toxicology laboratory is to provide continuous diagnostic testing for patients with altered mental status and for other medical indications. To meet these needs, we have developed a new Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) platform that facilitates routine screening and automated reporting of 212 drugs by laboratory technologists around the clock without the need to sign out by an on-site mass spectrometry-trained toxicologist. The platform uses a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector for large sample volume injection and the free software Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) for data reduction and spectral matching that facilitates rapid library searching and analyte identification. Method comparison with 118 patient samples demonstrated that this platform and data searching algorithm independently provided improvements in sensitivity compared to an established GC-MS platform. Further examination of the role of the data processing software and the in-house databases used in the established versus the new platform demonstrated that the improved analytical sensitivity of the new platform was attributed to both the technical superiority of the new GC-MS instrumentation and the use of AMDIS in conjunction with the newly generated in-house library for data processing.
Poly[tetrakis(n-propylammonium) [octa-μ-chlorido-dichloridotrinickelate(II)]]: a hybrid organic-inorganic layer compound in the Cs4Mg3F10 structure type.

The title compound, {(C3H10N)4[Ni3Cl10]}n, contains zigzag layers of tri-μ-chlorido-bridged linear 2/m-symmetric Ni3Cl12 segments, linked by mono-μ-chlorido quasi-linear bridges to two other segments at each end. These inorganic layers are inter­leaved with inter­digitated bilayers of mirror-symmetric n-propyl­ammonium cations, the ammonium head groups of which are directed into the inorganic layers to form multiple N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, while the propyl tail groups pack together in a tongue-and-groove manner in the center of the bilayer. The propyl groups are ordered at 100 K but disordered with opposite conformations on the mirror plane at 240 K.
An adhesion-defective variant of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells fails to differentiate into visceral endoderm.

Abstract Adhesion-defective EC cells were isolated from a population of mutagenized F9 cells by serial transfer of cells that did not adhere to gelatin-coated dishes. The variant cells grew in suspension as multicellular clusters of loosely aggregated cells. The cells adhered to, but did not flatten on, fibroblast monolayers and extracellular matrix produced by parietal-like endoderm. Two different mutant cell lines exhibited increased sensitivity to the lectin abrin and decreased sensitivity to wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that changes in cell surface glycosylation are associated with the mutant phenotype. These adhesion-defective mutants were used to study the relationship between cell-cell adhesion and endodermal differentiation. Unlike wild-type cells, when cultured with low concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) in suspension culture, the mutant cells did not form embryoid bodies but remained as loosely adhering strings of cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that most of the differentiated variant cells resembled parietal endoderm, and this was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for TROMA-3 marker. The levels of some of the markers that characterize the differentiative pathways were examined by immunoprecipitation and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The variant line produced higher levels of laminin and type IV collagen compared to the wild-type cells. α-Fetoprotein (AFP) was produced at a significantly lower level by the variant compared to wild-type F9 cells during the differentiative process. The results show that variant cells differentiated toward parietal endoderm but have a very much restricted ability to differentiate to visceral endoderm. We conclude that aggregation and/or compaction provide some essential signals during the differentiation of F9 cells into epithelial layers of visceral endoderm.
A time dynamic pair copula construction: with financial applications

A recent technology in the statistics and econometrics literature is the Pair-Copula Construction (PCC), an extremely flexible modelling technique for capturing complex, but static, multivariate dependency. There are several available tools for time-varying bivariate copulas, but none for time-varying multivariate copulas in more than two dimensions. We use a Bayesian framework to extend the PCC to account for time dynamic dependence structures, introducing time dynamics to the multivariate copula through its PCC decomposition. In particular, we model the time series of a transformation of select parameters of the PCC as a first order autoregressive model (AR(1)) and conduct inference using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The Bayesian approach proves to be a powerful tool for estimating parameters, despite some additional computational effort. We use financial data to illustrate empirical evidence for the existence of time dynamic dependence structures, to show improved out-of-sample forecast...
Does ecological momentary assessment improve cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder? A pilot study

The purpose of this pilot study was to test whether self-monitoring in CBT could be enhanced in order to improve the identification of proximal antecedents of binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED). CBT was modified by asking participants to monitor all eating intensively through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). A total of 41 females (mean BMI = 37.9; SD = 8.2) meeting DSM-IV criteria for BED were randomly assigned to one of two group treatments; CBT (n = 22) or CBT with EMA (n = 19). CBT with EMA differed from CBT in that for the first 2 weeks of treatment, participants completed detailed pocket diaries about mood, events, etc., when signalled at random by programmable wristwatches, as well as at all times when eating. All participants completed measures of eating (EDE-Q, TFEQ, EES) and general psychopathology (BDI, RSE) before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at 1-year follow-up. While both treatment groups showed improvement on the outcome variables of interest, the individual data gained via EMA did not significantly enhance standard CBT. Therefore, it is unlikely that further research incorporating EMA as a therapeutic technique within CBT for BED will be compelling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A comparison of energetics and ventilation of desert ants during voluntary and forced locomotion

THE energy cost of pedestrian locomotion in terrestrial vertebrates has been extensively studied1–3. Insects differ fundamentally from vertebrates, making data on their locomotion energetics of great comparative interest, but their small size and low behavioural plasticity complicate measurements. Miniature treadmills4–9 enforce unnatural running regimes; therefore no data exist on the energetics of insects running voluntarily, or on insect ventilation while running. We have now measured the minimum cost of transport and ventilation of the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus (mass, 17 mg) by using both treadmill and voluntary running. The minimum cost of transport was constant over temperature (34–43 °C) and lower than predicted from vertebrate data. Treadmill running significantly affected energetics, eliminating the slow ventilation (1–2 mm–1) in voluntarily running ants and substantially elevating extrapolated metabolic rate at zero running speed, which equalled the standard metabolic rate in voluntarily running ants.
Autophagic dysfunction in a lysosomal storage disorder due to impaired proteolysis

Alterations in macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as “autophagy”) are a common feature of lysosomal storage disorders, and have been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We have recently reported multiple defects in autophagy contributing to the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). These include increased formation of autophagosomes, slowed turnover of autophagosomes secondary to impaired lysosomal proteolysis, and delivery of stored lipids to the lysosome via autophagy. The study summarized here describes novel methods for the interrogation of individual stages of the autophagic pathway, and suggests mechanisms by which lipid storage may result in broader lysosomal dysfunction.
Family Resistance to Counseling: The Initial Agenda for Intergenerational and Narrative Approaches

This article advocates a use of intergenerational and narrative therapies to conceptualize and intervene with a family's legacy of resistance to external assistance, as exemplified by counseling. T...
652 INTESTINAL TRANSPORT AND LIVER UPTAKE OF A FOOD ADDTIVE PRESENT IN INFANT FORMULAS

Undegraded carrageenan, a sulfated polygalactan macromolecule, is used as an emulsifier in ready-to-use infant formulas. Although undegraded carrageenan has not been shown to be transported across the intestine the safety of this food additive has recently been questioned because of its toxic effect on the intestine and liver of laboratory animals (Lancet 1:602, 1980). We have shown that intestinal macromolecular transport is increased early in life, therefore, newborns may be more susceptible to any toxic effect of carrageenan. To investigate the intestinal transport and toxicity of carrageenan in newborn animals, 40 mgm of carrageenan, a quantity present in 5 oz of formula, was given by gavage to newborn rabbits. Cardiac and portal blood were obtained four hours later. The stomach, small intestine and liver of animals were removed and homogenized. Double gel-diffusion with antiserum raised to λ-carrageenan was used to detect the presence of carrageenan in blood and tissue specimens. The results are expressed in animals positive for carrageenan/animals tested.
Image formation in detuned interference-filter-aided in-line Fraunhofer holography

Detuned interference filters as Fourier processors can be used to enhance the poor fringe contrast often encountered with in-line Fraunhofer holography of small or many far-fields-away micro-objects. The subsequent effect on the reconstructed-image irradiance distribution is described. The modified aperture-limited image shape and size, and the possible consequences on the quantitative analysis are discussed.
Preoperative sonographic diagnosis of right descending aorta in neonates with esophageal atresia

In planning the operative technique for esophageal anastomosis in neonates with esophageal atresia, knowledge of the direction of descent of the thoracic aorta is of great importance. The course of the aortic arch and aorta can be demonstrated by making sonograms at appropriate sectional planes. Thoracic sonography appears indicated in every neonate with esophageal atresia as a screening method to show the direction of descent of the aorta, thereby avoiding the use of invasive techniques such as angiography.
Inhibition of quantal transmitter release in the absence of calcium influx by a G protein-linked adenosine receptor at hippocampal synapses

Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (MEPSCs) were recorded by whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques in cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The specific adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) reduced the frequency of MEPSCs without affecting their amplitude distribution or kinetic properties. This action was blocked by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. In the presence of divalent cation Ca2+ channel blockers, CPA was still effective in reducing the frequency of MEPSCs. It was shown that this effect cannot be explained by changes in basal Ca2+ influx. These results suggest that neurotransmitters that produce presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal synapses utilize several mechanisms, one of which may involve inhibition of some component of the quantal release apparatus that occurs independently of inhibition of Ca2+ influx.
Optimization and vibration suppression of adaptive composite panels using genetic algorithm and disturbance observer technique

In this paper, a model of the adaptive composite panel surfaces with piezoelectric patches is built using the Rayleigh-Ritz method based on the laminate theory. The interia and stiffness of the actuators are considered in the developed model. An optimal actuator location has been proved to be desirable since the piezoelectric actuators often have limitations of delivering large power oiutputs. Due to its effectiveness in seraching optimal design parameters and obtaining globally optimal solutions, the genetic algorithm has been applied to find optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators for the vibration control of a smart composite beam. In addition, the effects of population size, the crossover probability, and the mutation probability on the convergence of the genetic algorithm are investigated. Meanwhile, linear quadric regulator (LQR) and disturbance observer (DOB) are employed for the vibration suppression of the optimized adaptive composite beam (ACB). The experimental results show the robustness of the DOB, which can successfully suppress the vibrations of the cantilevered ACB according to the optimization results in an uncertain system.
Changes of simple and complex spike activity of cerebellar purkinje cells with sleep and waking

Action potentials of cerebellar Purkinje cells were observed in intact monkeys during sleep and waking. Purkinje cells exhibit two sorts of action potentials, called simple and complex spikes, and these two sorts of spikes were differently affected by sleep. Simple-spike activity (generated by the parallel fiber inputs to the Purkinje cell) was highest during sleep with rapid eye movements as compared with both waking and sleep with electroencephalographic slow waves. In contrast, complex-spike activity (generated by the climbing fiber inputs to the Purkinje cell) was lowest during sleep with rapid eye movements. The complex action potential of the Purkinje cell consists of an initial large spike followed by one or more smaller secondary spikes, and the number of these secondary spikes was found to be independent of the background discharge frequency of the simple spike. This independence suggests a possible role of presynaptic factors rather than the excitability level of the Purkinje cell itself in determining the number of secondary discharges occurring in the complex spike.
Chromosome aberrations and radiation-induced cell death. II. Predicted and observed cell survival

Abstract The surviving fraction of synchronous V79 Chinese hamster cells was measured in two post-irradiation generations after a 300-rad X-ray dose in G1 by comparing the colony multiplicity in irradiated and control cultures. In addition, the ability of the irradiated population to form colonies was measured immediately after G1 irradiation or at 6, 32, 75 or 96 h after X-irradiation. Formulae were used in conjunctionwith previously observed transmission and survival parameters of chromosome aberrations2 to predict the amount of cell death at any given time after irradiation. The results indicate that the survival pattern of these cells can indeed be predicted on the basis of cell loss from chromosome aberrations. It is likely that an asymmetrical chromosome exchange (dicentric, centric ring, or tricentric) and a chromosome deletion are equally capable of causing cell death, whereas translocations or inversions apparently do not lead to inviability. Furthermore, cell death is rapid: 45% of the total observed death occurs in the first two post-irradiation generations. The initial decrease in viability is caused predominantly by the formation of anaphase bridges, while cell death from fragment loss becomes increasingly important in later generations. In fact, it is probable that, on the average, a cell that loses a single acentric fragment will survive one generation.
Revision of and Documentation for the Standard Version of the Poisson Group Codes

The Los Alamos Accelerator Theory and Simulation Group (AT-6) maintains and distributes a standard version of the Poisson-Group codes (LATTICE, AUTOMESH, TEKPLOT, POISSON, PANDIRA, MIRT, FORCE, SUPERFISH, and SF01). These codes are the product of man-decades of development under the guidance of R. F. Holsinger and K. Halbach. The main applications are in the design of electromagnets (POISSON and PANDIRA) and rf cavities (SUPERFISH). Other applications include electrostatics, heat transport, and finding mathematical surfaces of minimum area. With special financial support from DOE-HEP, we have revised and corrected the standard version and are writing a comprehensive manual containing many examples and a summary of the theory behind the codes. This paper will illustrate some of the capabilities of the codes and will summarize the manual. The revised codes are available upon request.
Closures of O n -Orbits in the Flag Variety for GL n

We give a pattern avoidance criterion for the conjugates of the bottom vertex of the Bruhat graph attached to an On orbit \(\mathcal O\) in the flag variety of GLn to have degree equal to the rank of this graph as a poset. This condition is known to be necessary for rational smoothness of \(\overline {\mathcal O}\); we conjecture that it is also sufficient, proving that this holds for n even.
Response of GAP-43 and p75 in human neuromas over time after traumatic injury.

Objective GAP-43 and p75 are proteins that promote growth cone and neurite formation, elongation, and arborization in regenerating nerve axons. The objectives of this study were to determine whether GAP-43 and the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 are elevated in traumatic neuromas and whether there is a correlation between the relative amount of GAP-43 or p75 and demographic characteristics such as time elapsed between injury and repair. Methods Traumatic neuromas from 21 randomly selected patients were studied, and the charts were reviewed. Specimens were collected at the time of nerve resection and grafting. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on each sample and normal human nerve with antibodies to GAP-43 and p75. Western blot and computerized gel analyses were performed. Results All neuroma specimens harvested within 13 months of injury exhibited markedly elevated GAP-43 levels compared with normal nerve. Specimens harvested at 14 months or more after injury showed precipitously lower GAP-43 levels, similar to or less than those of normal nerve. The correlation between the amount of intra-axonal GAP-43 and postinjury time interval was statistically significant, P = 0.0038. High GAP-43 levels were also correlated with transection injury, high postoperative sensory grade, and pain. p75 levels were elevated, without consistent variation in our population. Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that the expression of intra-axonal GAP-43 may vary over time after injury, remaining elevated for approximately the first year, then decreasing abruptly to normal or subnormal levels. These results correlate with clinical experience, indicating that peripheral nerves should be repaired relatively early if repair is indicated.
Ventricular Pacing in Children

SIMON, A.B., ETAL.: Ventricular pacing in children. Ventricular pacing was performed in forty-onechildren ranging from one day to twenty years of age (median age = 10]. Weight of the recipient atimplant ranged from 2 kg. to 86 kg. Indications included presyncope, syncope, dyspnea on exertion,congestive heart failure, postoperative infra-Hisian heart bJocJt, and inadequate cardiac rate duringpharmacotherapy. Four patients died during foJJow-up, but no deaths were attributable to pacemakermanagement. In contrast, 66% of the patients required more than one pacemaker reJated-operativeprocedure, and 43% of leads implanted failed by 48 hours. Indications for permanent cardiac pacing inthis population at this time are symptomatic congenital AV block, symptomatic sinus node disease, andAV block in the postoperative period. Technological developments which might reduce complicationsseen in this population and electrophysiologic techniques which may better define indications for pac-ing in children are also reviewed. (PACE, Vol, 5, November-December, 1982}ventricular pacing, congenital AV block, sinus node disease, postoperative AV blockPermanent pacemaker implantation for the pal-liative treatment of atrioventricular block andsinus node disorders in children is an acceptedtreatment modality. It is the purpose of this re-port to review our experience with this tech-nique in the pediatric population, to report ourexperience with epicardial lead longevity inchildren, and to compare it with lead perfor-mance reports in adults, to present our policy forpacemaker implantation in children, and to re-view recent advances particularly relevant topacemaker management in children.
Production characteristics and body composition of Florida pompano reared to market size at two different densities in low-salinity recirculating aquaculture systems.

Abstract The effect of culture density on production characteristics and body composition of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus reared to market size using recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) maintained at a salinity of 5‰ was evaluated in a 110-d growth trial (water temperature = 27.0–28.5°C). Juvenile Florida pompano (mean weight ± SE = 259.0 ± 3.0 g) were stocked into two tanks from each of four separate RASs at an initial nominal density of 6.5 (low density) or 13.0 kg/m3 (high density), equivalent to 200 and 400 fish/tank, respectively. After stocking, fish were fed a 4.7-mm, floating pelleted diet (50% protein, 14% lipid) twice daily at a targeted daily feed rate of 3% body weight per day. At stocking and at 3-week intervals thereafter, 10% of the fish population of each tank was sampled to determine production characteristics, including mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, absolute growth rate (AGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), biomass, and survival. At termination, fish in...
Lack of anti-tumor activity with the β-catenin expression inhibitor EZN-3892 in the C57BL/6J Min/+ model of intestinal carcinogenesis

Abstract Background Previously, we showed that short-term inhibition of β-catenin expression and reversal of aberrant β-catenin subcellular localization by the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib is associated with adenoma regression in the C57BL/6J Min/+ mouse. Conversly, long-term administration resulted in tumor resistance, leading us to investigate alternative methods for selective β-catenin chemoprevention. In this study, we hypothesized that disruption of β-catenin expression by EZN-3892, a selective locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based β-catenin inhibitor, would counteract the tumorigenic effect of Apc loss in Min/+ adenomas while preserving normal intestinal function. Materials and methods C57BL/6J Apc+/+ wild-type (WT) and Min/+ mice were treated with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of EZN-3892 (30 mg/kg). Drug effect on tumor numbers, β-catenin protein expression, and nuclear β-catenin localization were determined. Results Although the tumor phenotype and β-catenin nuclear localization in Min/+ mice did not change following drug administration, we observed a decrease in β-catenin expression levels in the mature intestinal tissue of treated Min/+ and WT mice, providing proof of principle regarding successful delivery of the LNA-based antisense vehicle. Higher doses of EZN-3892 resulted in fatal outcomes in Min/+ mice, likely due to β-catenin ablation in the intestinal tissue and loss of function. Conclusions Our data support the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and highlight the challenges of effective drug delivery to target disease without permanent toxicity to normal cellular function.
An application of auction theories to price-trading volume correlations

Studies on correlations between price and trading volume changes brought some evidence that identified whether price movements are effected by increases in trading volumes. Most empirical studies have a framework under a rational expectations hypothesis and assumed asymmetric information among traders. An explanation under a more general theoretical frameworks is proposed with auction theories.
Structural Variation and Supramolecular Isomerism in the C-Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene/Bipyridine System

Five supramolecular compounds [CMCR·2bipy] 1, [CMCR·3bipy] 2, [CMCR·2bipy·2H2O] 3, [2CMCR]·1.5bipy·5H2O 4, and [CMCR·bipy]·3.5ethanol·H2O·bipy 5 (where the square brackets enclose framework components, CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, bipy = 4,4‘-bipyridine), prepared hydrothermally and from solution, are described. CMCR adopts a chair conformation in 1 and 2, and a flattened cone conformation in 3−5. The framework structures vary from 2D stepped-sheet (1), 3D stepped sheet (2), brick-wall (3 and 5) to a network consisting of perpendicular nonintersecting ribbons of CMCR molecules (4). The supramolecular architectures found in the current study are compared with those of other multicomponent CMCR/bipy system reported in the literature. The nature of the enclosed cavities in the brick-wall type structures is a function of the number of phenoxyl OH groups not involved in the framework hydrogen bonding, and thus available for bonding to guest molecules. The number of solvent-binding phenoxyl groups per ...
Changes in phospholipid levels during high moisture storage of soybeans.

Fungicide-treated and untreated commercial soy-beans were stored at high temperature and humidity (35 C and 85% RH) in separate environmental chambers. Crude oil was extracted from the beans periodically during a 23-day storage period and its phospholipids separated by three-solvent system, two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The amount of phospholipids was determined by spectro-photometric assay of inorganic phosphate liberated after perchloric acid digestion. The level of phospho-lipids increased substantially during storage in treated and untreated soybean samples. Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl choline were the major phospho-lipids. Phosphatidyl choline was the principal phos-pholipid in extracted crude oil from treated and untreated beans during storage. The major phospho-lipid levels increased more rapidly during the first 6 days of storage than during the remainder of the period in both samples. The data indicated that increased phospholipid levels occurred independently of mold growth and could have been the result of water imbibition and germination of the beans during storage.
Susceptibility of Porcine Ileal Enterocytes to the Cytotoxin of Serpulina hyodysenteriae and the Resolution of the Epithelial Lesions: An Electron Microscopic Study

The cytotoxin from Serpulina hyodysenteriae was injected into ileal loops of eight germ-free pigs, and the effects on the villi were observed after 1, 3, and 18 hours of exposure. The mature vacuolated villus enterocytes of the proximal part of the absorptive villi were most susceptible to the lethal effects of the cytotoxin and were extensively exfoliated. The enterocytes at the base of the villi, the goblet cells, and the follicle-associated epithelium of the dome villi, particularly the M cells, were less affected. As the enterocytes were shed, the villi progressively shortened and the basement membrane became extensively folded. The absorptive villi were markedly stunted at 3 hours, and flattened goblet cells predominated at the site of restitution of the lesion. The myofibroblasts were also damaged, apparently subsequent to the exfoliation of the enterocytes. There was no further damage at 18 hours. The absorptive villi were stunted and were devoid of the large interstitial spaces of the normal lamin...
Characterization of 2'-deoxyguanosine oxidation products observed in the Fenton-like system Cu(II)/H2O2/reductant in nucleoside and oligodeoxynucleotide contexts.

Reactive oxygen species attack both base and sugar moieties in DNA with a preference among the bases for reaction at guanine. In the present study, 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) was oxidized by a copper-mediated Fenton reaction with the reductants ascorbate or N-acetyl-cysteine, yielding oxidation on both the base and the sugar. The primary oxidized lesions observed in these studies include the 2′-deoxyribonucleosides of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (dOG), spiroiminodihydantoin (dSp), guanidinohydantoin (dGh), oxazolone (dZ), and 5-carboxamido-5-formamido-2-iminohydantoin (d2Ih), as well as the free base guanine. d2Ih was the major product observed in the nucleoside, single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide contexts and is proposed to arise from oxidation at C5 of guanine. Product distribution studies provide insight into the role of the reductant in partitioning of dG base oxidation along the C5 and C8 pathways.
Point-to-point shortest paths on dynamic time-dependent road networks

This a summary of the author’s PhD thesis supervised by Leo Liberti, Philippe Baptiste and Daniel Krob and defended on 18 June 2009 at Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. The thesis is written in English and is available at http://pastel.paristech.org/5275/. The computation of point-to-point shortest paths in road networks has many practical applications that require very fast solution times, meaning that Dijkstra’s algorithm is not a viable option. In this work we develop an efficient algorithm to find the shortest route between two nodes of a large-scale, time-dependent graph, where we also allow the time-dependent arc cost functions to be updated at regular intervals. Furthermore, we propose a mathematical programming formulation for the shortest paths problem on time-dependent networks, that gives rise to integer programs. Within the context of solving Mixed-Integer Linear Programs through a Branch-and-Bound algorithm, we propose a new strategy for branching, mixing branching on single variables with branching on general hyperplanes. Finally, we introduce an effective heuristic for nonconvex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programss which combines VNS, Local Branching, NLP local search and Branch-and-Bound.
The Role of Magmatic Sulfur in the Formation of Ore Deposits

This chapter focuses on S in porphyry-type ore deposits, layered-mafic-intrusion-hosted ore bodies, and magmatic sulfide deposits. Porphyry-type ore deposits, e.g., Bingham Canyon, Utah, U.S.A. and Grasberg, Irian Jaya, are important hosts of Cu, Mo, Au, and Ag. Ore deposits hosted in layered mafic intrusions, e.g., the Bushveld and Stillwater complexes, contain significant quantities of Ni, Cu, Cr, Au and the platinum group elements (PGE: Pt, Pd, Rh, Re, Ir, Ru). Magmatic sulfide deposits, differentiated from layered mafic intrusions in that the former evince more clearly a role for immiscible sulfide accumulation without the possible presence of an aqueous fluid(s), e.g., Noril’sk and Voisey’s Bay, contain significant quantities of Cu, Ni, and the PGE. Allowing for some variability within any given ore deposit type, each of these types is unique in terms of the range of pressure and temperature of ore deposit formation, tectonic setting, and the compositional type(s) of parental causative magma. However, most porphyry-type ore deposits, layered-mafic-intrusion-hosted ore bodies, and magmatic sulfide deposits share the following features: 1) they are related chemically and physically to silicate magma; 2) they are the byproduct of differentiation of magma; 3) metals are hosted dominantly in sulfide minerals and the deposits can be thought of primarily as S anomalies (e.g., the Butte and Bingham Canyon porphyry ore deposits, located in Montana and Utah, U.S.A., respectively, contain 60 and 100 times, respectively, the ~20 Mt of S emitted during the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo); and 4) the metal(s) and S in each deposit type, albeit not necessarily the total quantity of S, are together derived from the same magmatic source. It is the connectivity of these commonalities that serves as the basis for this review chapter. The ubiquitous presence of S in magmatic systems is manifested in the commonly observed mass of S …
Cooperative solutions in multi-person quadratic decision problems: Performance-measure statistics and cost-cumulant control paradigm

In cost-cumulant control for the class of multi-person single-objective decision problems characterized by quadratic random costs and state-feedback information structures, individual decision makers share state information with their neighbors and then autonomously determine decision strategies to achieve the desired goal of the group which is a minimization of a finite linear combination of the first k cumulants of a finite-horizon integral-quadratic performance-measure associated with a linear stochastic system. Since this problem formulation is parameterized by the number of cost cumulants, the scalar coefficients in the linear combination and the group of decision makers, it may be viewed both as a generalization of linear-quadratic Gaussian control, when the first cumulant is minimized by a single decision maker and of the problem class of linear-quadratic identical-goal stochastic games when the first cumulant is minimized by multiple decision makers. Using a more direct dynamic programming approach to the resultant initial-cost problem, it is shown that the decision laws associated with multiple persons are linear and are found as the unique solutions of the set of coupled differential matrix Riccati equations, whose solvability guarantees the existence of the closed-loop feedback decision laws for the corresponding multi-person single-objective decision problem.
Probability of error in frequency-hop spread-spectrum multiple-access communication systems with noncoherent reception

Expressions are developed for the probability of error for asynchronous frequency-hop spread-spectrum multiple-access networks using Markov hopping patterns and binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) with one symbol transmitted per hop. The expressions are exact when there is one interfering user and orthogonal BFSK is used. They provide excellent approximations when there are more than one interfering user. It is also shown that the error probability when Markov hopping patterns are used is a good approximation to the error probability when memoryless hopping patterns are used. By computing the channel capacity and the associated throughput, a simple hard decision receiver is shown to perform much better than a receiver using perfect side-information to erase the symbols transmitted on hops that were hit when all the users have the same power and one binary symbol is transmitted per hop. >
Reliable transmission of high-quality video over ATM networks

The development of broadband networks has led to the possibility of a wide variety of new and improved service offerings. Packetized video is likely to be one of the most significant high-bandwidth users of such networks. The transmission of variable bit-rate (VBR) video offers the potential promise of constant video quality but is generally accompanied by packet loss which significantly diminishes this potential. We study a class of error recovery schemes employing forward error-control (FEC) coding to recover from such losses. In particular, we show that a hybrid error recovery strategy involving the use of active FEC in tandem with simple passive error concealment schemes offers very robust performance even under high packet losses. We discuss two different methods of applying FEC to alleviate the problem of packet loss. The conventional method of applying FEC generally allocates additional bandwidth for channel coding while maintaining a specified average video coding rate. Such an approach suffers performance degradations at high loads since the bandwidth expansion associated with the use of FEC creates additional congestion that negates the potential benefit in using FEC. In contrast, we study a more efficient FEC application technique in our hybrid approach, which allocates bandwidth for channel coding by throttling the source coder rate (i.e., performing higher compression) while maintaining a fixed overall transmission rate. More specifically, we consider the performance of the hybrid approach where the bandwidth to accommodate the FEC overhead is made available by throttling the source coder rate sufficiently so that the overall rate after application of FEC is identical to that of the original unprotected system. We obtain the operational rate-distortion characteristics of such a scheme employing selected FEC codes. In doing so, we demonstrate the robust performance achieved by appropriate use of FEC under moderate-to-high packet losses in comparison to the unprotected system.
Exact simulation of complex-valued Gaussian stationary processes via circulant embedding

Circulant embedding is a technique that has been used to generate realizations from certain real-valued Gaussian stationary processes. This technique has two potential advantages over competing methods for simulating time series. First, the statistical properties of the generating procedure are exactly the same as those of the target stationary process. Second, the technique is based upon the discrete Fourier transform and hence is computationally attractive when this transform is computed via a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. In this paper we show how, when used with a standard 'powers of two' FFT algorithm, circulant embedding can be readily adapted to handle complex-valued Gaussian stationary processes.