cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Distribution of Androgen Receptor and Inhibits Androgen Response in Prostate Smooth Muscle Cells1

Stromal-epithelial interactions in the prostate gland are dependent on androgen regulation of prostate stromal cells, yet little is known about androgen action in these cell types. Recent reports have demonstrated that androgen-regulated gene transcription can be stimulated or inhibited by certain growth factors, indicating cross-talk mechanisms. To address potential cross-talk in signaling pathways between androgen and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) in prostate stromal cells, the PS-1 prostate smooth muscle cell line was examined. In the presence of physiological concentrations of androgen, PS-1 cell proliferation was stimulated, and androgen receptor (AR) exhibited a nuclear localization pattern. The addition of TGFbeta1 (25 pM) was capable of blocking androgen-induced proliferation, but had no direct effect in cultures without androgen. Immunocytochemistry to localize AR subcellular distribution showed that TGFbeta1 (5-100 pM) altered the distribution of AR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Other growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2, epidermal growth factor, and TGFbeta2 had no effect on AR distribution. The TGFbeta1-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic change in receptor localization was rapid (initiated within 30 min), was neutralized by TGFbeta1 antibodies, did not require new protein synthesis, and was complete by 6 h. Removal of TGFbeta1 from the culture medium resulted in a rapid redistribution of AR to the nucleus, indicating reversible mechanisms. Northern analysis of the ddp17 marker transcript for androgen action in PS-1 cells showed that androgen-stimulated ddp17 expression was inhibited in the presence of TGFbeta1 (25 pM). TGFbeta1 induced a similar nuclear to cytoplasmic distribution of AR in primary cultures of rat prostate stromal cells. TGFbeta1, however, had no effect on AR distribution in either the LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cell line or the DDT1MF-2 leiomyosarcoma cell line. Specific cross-talk between TGFbeta1 and AR signaling pathways in prostate stromal cells may play a significant role in prostate development and stromal cell response in carcinoma progression.
High-dose rate brachytherapy using inverse planning simulated annealing for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer: a clinical report with 2-year follow-up.

Purpose We present clinical outcomes of image-guided brachytherapy using inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) planned high–dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials From February 2004 through December 2006, 51 patients were treated at the University of California, San Francisco with HDR brachytherapy boost as part of definitive radiation for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB1 to Stage IVA cervical cancer. Of the patients, 46 received concurrent chemotherapy, 43 with cisplatin alone and 3 with cisplatin/5-fluorouracil. All patients had IPSA–planned HDR brachytherapy boost after whole-pelvis external radiation to a total tumor dose of 85 Gy or greater (for α / β = 10). Toxicities are reported according to National Cancer Institute CTCAE v3.0 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0) guidelines. Results At a median follow-up of 24.3 months, there were no toxicities of Grade 4 or greater and the frequencies of Grade 3 acute and late toxicities were 4% and 2%, respectively. The proportion of patients having Grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary acute toxicities was 48% and 52%, respectively. Low-grade late toxicities included Grade 1 or 2 vaginal, gastrointestinal, and hormonal toxicities in 31%, 18%, and 4% of patients, respectively. During the follow-up period, local recurrence developed in 2 patients, regional recurrence developed in 2, and new distant metastases developed in 15. The rates of locoregional control of disease and overall survival at 24 months were 91% and 86%, respectively. Conclusions Definitive radiation by use of inverse planned HDR brachytherapy boost for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer is well tolerated and achieves excellent local control of disease.
Ultrafast upper satellite valley spectroscopic dynamics using UV-pump IR-probe absorption spectroscopy in GaAs and GaP

Energy relaxation of electrons in the X6 and X7, satellite, X6 (reversible reaction) (Gamma) and X7 (reversible reaction) (Gamma) , have been investigated using time-resolved UV pump-IR probe absorption spectroscopy in GaAs and GaP. Energy band renormalization of the X6 and X7 valleys, band filling effects in the X6 yields X7 spectra, and O.D. spectral relaxation of electrons in the X6 and X7 valleys by intervalley scattering, X6 (reversible reaction) (Gamma) and X7 (reversible reaction) (Gamma) , were all observed as a function of photoexcited electron density. From the observed energy relaxation dynamics it is determined that X7 yields (Gamma) intervalley scattering is faster than X6 yields (Gamma) intervalley scattering in GaAs. These experiments were performed by measuring the absorption spectra of 500-fs IR probe pulses induced by 500-fs UV pump pulses, as a function of delay time and pump pulse fluence. The spectra, at different pump pulse fluences and pump-probe delay times, are interpreted in terms of free carrier absorption, X6 yields X7 direct interconduction band absorption, and indirect interconduction band absorption.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Is the Earth Lazy? A review of work minimization in fault evolution

Abstract The principle of work minimization has been used in various forms to account for the development of active fault systems within a wide range of tectonic settings. We review the successes, challenges and implications learned from previous applications of work minimization. Examination of the energy budget provides insight into the competing influences of different processes within fault systems at a variety of scales. We present each work budget component with considerations for numerical implementation. Additionally, we demonstrate numerical implementation by solving for the energy budgets and finding the most efficient propagation paths of a joint and several faults. Consideration of the energy budget captures growth patterns that are consistent with both laboratory observations and theoretical predictions using the energy release rate, G . Unlike using G , work minimization is not limited to collinear growth. In comparison with predictions using Coulomb failure planes, work minimization eliminates uncertainty in predicting fault propagation by (1) evaluating the trade-off between tensile and shear failure ahead of the fault and (2) avoiding the ambiguity introduced by the two potential Coulomb failure planes. Application of work minimization to faulting demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in predicting both the orientation and timing of fault propagation.
Jose Marti: Mentor of the Cuban Nation

Venerated as the creator of Cuba's first republic, declared by Fidel Castro to be the "intellectual author" of the second revolution, revered by Cuban exiles as the premier visionary of the democratic Cuban state, Jose Marti (1853-95) was a prolific and eclectic writer and a practical philosopher. In Jose Marti: Mentor of the Cuban Nation, John M. Kirk leads us to a better understanding of "the purest man" of the Latin race and one of the most underrated political thinkers of modern times. As a scholarly statement, Kirk's work contributes to a necessary reappraisal of Marti; it is a quest after the true esencia martiana--the essence of Marti's sociopolitical thought. Kirk deliberately departs from a strictly theoretical viewpoint in his well-documented synthesis of Marti's theories. The result is partially an explanation for the Cuban leader's continued exaltation as the "apostle" of modern political movements of both the right and the left. Kirk reviews the formative experiences of Marti's youth through his letters and early literary endeavors to his deportation to Spain before the age of eighteen. Marti's observations from his travels on the realities of North American democracy and the struggles of Latin American nations to emerge from colonialism are used by Kirk to trace Marti's sociopolitical development, culminating in his aspirations for Cuba following its independence from Spain. Kirk clarifies Marti's visionary but quite specific designs for the moral foundation, social, political, and economic structures and policies of the liberated republic--concepts that Marti would have attempted to implement had he not been killed by Spanish forces. Marti's own words, here translated by Kirk, show a wise and compassionate leader dedicated to the welfare of all peoples.
Sensitive capture of circulating tumour cells by functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets

The spread of cancer throughout the body is driven by circulating tumour cells (CTCs). These cells detach from the primary tumour and move from the bloodstream to a new site of subsequent tumour growth. They also carry information about the primary tumour and have the potential to be valuable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression, and for the molecular characterization of certain biological properties of the tumour. However, the limited sensitivity and specificity of current methods for measuring and studying these cells in patient blood samples prevents the realization of their full clinical potential. The use of microfluidic devices is a promising method for isolating CTCs. However, the devices are reliant on three-dimensional structures, which limits further characterization and expansion of cells on the chip. Here we demonstrate an effective approach to isolating CTCs from blood samples of pancreatic, breast and lung cancer patients, by using functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on a patterned gold surface. CTCs were captured with high sensitivity at a low concentration of target cells (73 ± 32.4% at 3-5 cells per ml blood).
Temporally growing Raman backscattering instabilities in an inhomogeneous plasma

We derive the equations describing the decay of an intense, coherent electromagnetic wave into a backscattered electromagnetic wave and a plasma wave in an inhomogeneous plasma. The plasma wave and scattered electromagnetic wave are trapped in the vicinity of their cutoffs near ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}=\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}}{2}$. The resulting temporally growing instabilities may explain the strong heating and the blowoff observed in recent computer simulations of Raman scattering.
ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Contains an NH2-terminal Signal Anchor Sequence That Translocates the Protein's First Hydrophilic Domain to the Exoplasmic Space

Mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transporter are associated with Tangier disease and a defect in cellular cholesterol efflux. The amino terminus of the ABCA1 transporter has two putative in-frame translation initiation sites, 60 amino acids apart. A cluster of hydrophobic amino acids form a potentially cleavable signal sequence in this 60-residue extension. We investigated the functional role of this extension and found that it was required for stable protein expression of transporter constructs containing any downstream transmembrane domains. The extension directed transporter translocation across the ER membrane with an orientation that resulted in glycosylation of amino acids immediately distal to the signal sequence. Neither the native signal sequence nor a green fluorescent protein tag, fused at the amino terminus, was cleaved from ABCA1. The green fluorescent protein fusion protein had efflux activity comparable with wild type ABCA1 and demonstrated a predominantly plasma membrane distribution in transfected cells. These data establish a requirement for the upstream 60 amino acids of ABCA1. This region contains an uncleaved signal anchor sequence that positions the amino terminus in a type II orientation leading to the extracellular presentation of an ∼600-amino acid loop in which loss-of-function mutations cluster in Tangier disease patients.
A note on the fundamental theorem of algebra for the octonions

Abstract This paper is a revision of a portion of the author's doctoral dissertation submitted to the University of Oregon. Using elementary concepts of K -theory, the Brouwer degree of the power map in the octonions is computed. Later, a proof of a weaker version of the fundamental theorem of algebra for polynomials with coefficients in the octonions is given. As a partial complement, a lower bound to the number of solutions of a homogeneous monomial equation over the octonions is obtained.
Supervisory control of discrete-event processes with partial observations

Extends certain aspects of the work of P.J. Ramadge and W.M. Wonham (see SIAM J. Control Optimiz., vol.25, Jan. 1987) on the control of a class of discrete-event processes. The controlled process is described by a language L having strings that specify the sequences of events sigma /sub 1/ . . . sigma /sub n/ that the process can execute. The controller makes partial observations on the process events. Based on these observations the controller must enable or disable certain process events so that the resulting language generated by the closed-loop process is the specified sublanguage K contained in/implied by L. The case of decentralized control in which there are several controllers each of which makes partial observations and controls a subset of the process events is also studied. The results are illustrated for an example of communication protocols. >
Incidental Counseling: A Key to Cost-Effective Systemic Change

Incidental counseling occurs when school staff members respond to students in ways strikingly similar to counseling. Incidental counseling is offered as a simple and effective way for school counselors to engage in systemic change. Two case examples from real school settings form the context for a discussion of how school counselors can begin to build collaborations for maximizing the benefits of incidental counseling.
Geriatric Prosthodontic Care

The geriatric population (age 65 and older) is the fastest growing segment nationally and globally. The large population will continue to increase because of baby boomers that have recently turned 65 years old. Within this cohort, there is much diversity in health, socioeconomic levels, education, and health beliefs. There is a decline in edentulism yet still there are oral health conditions that persist with age, such as caries, tooth loss, and increased needs for prosthodontic dental treatment. Several factors should be taken into account in geriatric prosthodontic care, including quality of life and psychosocial needs.
Economic feasibility of using offshore oil and gas structures in the Gulf of Mexico for platform-based aquaculture

Abstract The increasing global demand for animal protein is a major ecological concern due to its impacts on land use, climate change, global grain supply and fisheries. One method for harvesting animal protein is to grow marine fish. This is widely practiced in coastal environments, but also leads to environmental problems associated with habitat loss and nutrient loading. One alternative is to move marine aquaculture further offshore, away from coastal land-use conflicts and towards ocean currents, which can efficiently dispose wastes. This concept creates a logistical challenge, however, since operators have to transport large amounts of food, fish and fuel to and from offshore cages on a regular basis and in varied weather conditions. In this paper, we discuss the economic feasibility of using offshore oil and gas platforms as bases for open ocean aquaculture in the Gulf of Mexico. We develop net-present value models of a platform-based operation and describe sensitivity analysis of the model output. We conclude that offshore platform-based mariculture may be commercially viable under favorable assumptions, that its viability requires economies of scale and depends principally on the yield per unit of cage volume achieved. The limitations of the analysis are described.
THE PYRUVATE METABOLISM OF SEA URCHIN EGGS DURING THE PROCESS OF CELL DIVISION.

The eggs of Arbacia and starfish contained about 70 and 25 micrograms of pyruvate per gm. of dry cells respectively. Arbacia eggs utilized added pyruvate, although the O2 uptake did not increase. On fertilization the utilization of pyruvate increased sevenfold. This pyruvate seems to be metabolized, as in other cells, with diphosphothiamine as coenzyme. The diphosphothiamine content of fertilized and non-fertilized eggs was about 16 micrograms; that of sperm, 30 micrograms. Penetration of sperm into the egg and fertilization with cell division to the pluteus stage did not bring forth appearance of succino-dehydrogenase. The possible mechanism of fertilization and cell division is discussed.
Targeted Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy: Development of Novel Diagnostics

Pediatric cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease associated with significant morbidity. Although identification of underlying etiology is important for management, therapy, and screening of at risk family members, molecular diagnosis is difficult due to the large number of causative genes, the high rate of private mutations, and cost. In this study, we aimed to define the genetic basis of pediatric cardiomyopathy and test a novel diagnostic tool using a custom targeted microarray coupled to massively parallel sequencing. Three patients with cardiomyopathy were screened using a custom NimbleGen sequence capture array containing 110 genes and providing 99.9% coverage of the exons of interest. The sensitivity and specificity was over 99% as determined by comparison to long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based massively parallel sequencing, Sanger sequencing of missense variants, and single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping using the Illumina Infinium Omni1 array. Overall, 99.73% of the targeted regions were captured and sequenced at over 10x coverage, allowing reliable mutation calling in all patients. Analysis identified a total of 165 non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) of which 89 were unique and 14 were novel. On average, each patient had 4 cSNPs predicted to be pathogenic. In conclusion, we report a cardiomyopathy sequencing array that allows simultaneous assessment of 110 genes. Comparison of targeted sequence capture versus PCR-based enrichment methods demonstrates that the former is more sensitive and efficient. Array-based sequence capture technology followed by massively parallel sequencing is promising as a robust and comprehensive tool for genetic screening of cardiomyopathy. These results provide important information about genetic architecture and indicate that improved annotation of variants and interpretation of clinical significance, particularly in cases with multiple rare variants, are important for clinical practice.
A sampling problem in molecular dynamics simulations of macromolecules.

Abstract Correlations in low-frequency atomic displacements predicted by molecular dynamics simulations on the order of 1 ns are undersampled for the time scales currently accessible by the technique. This is shown with three different representations of the fluctuations in a macromolecule: the reciprocal space of crystallography using diffuse x-ray scattering data, real three-dimensional Cartesian space using covariance matrices of the atomic displacements, and the 3N-dimensional configuration space of the protein using dimensionally reduced projections to visualize the extent to which phase space is sampled.
Bradykinin inhibits a slow spike afterhyperpolarization in visceral sensory neurons.

Intracellular recordings were made from visceral sensory neurons in vitro. Bradykinin (BK) depressed a slow Ca2+-activated K+-dependent (KCa) spike afterhyperpolarization (AHPs) in the range of 0.2–1 nM. BK did not affect the fast KCa spike afterhyperpolarization preceding the AHPs or the action potential waveform. Indomethacin pretreatment abolished the BK effect. These results indicate that BK can influence the excitability of vagal afferent neurons.
Spontaneous rupture of the stomach: A complication of bulimia

Spontaneous rupture of the stomach is an uncommon and often lethal con- dition. Although it has never before been attributed to bulimia, a number of previously reported cases have occurred in women who have eaten heavily. A case is presented in which rupture of the stomach clearly followed bingeing in a bulimic patient. The mechanism by which this could occur and the ram- ifications for treatment are discussed.
Vocational and Emotional Status of 263 Patients After Heart Surgery

The vocational and emotional status of 263 patients following heart surgery was sampled with a questionnaire mailed to 329 patients thought to be living. Return to work was most clearly related to the duration of unemployment. Age and sex did not influence rate of return to work. The kind of operation had a small but definite influence. A "Law of the Year" stating that if a person is unemployed for more than a year for any reason, the chance of reemployment is poor is proposed. From one third to one half of the patients complained that their "nerves were worse" postoperatively. The number complaining of worsening exceeded those improving by two to five times and was directly related to the type of operation. Most pleasant recollection of the surgical experience was the dedicated attitude of doctors and staff. There was wide diversity of opinion about most unpleasant experiences, but complaints about environmental conditions in the recovery room, noise, unpleasant roommates, and insufficient visitors were ...
Digital Deviance: Low Self-Control and Opportunity as Explanations of Sexting Among College Students

Social scientists have begun to explore sexting—sharing nude or semi-nude images of oneself with others using digital technology—to understand its extent and nature. Building on this growing body of research, the current study utilizes the self-control and opportunity perspectives from criminology to explain sending, receiving, and mutually sending and receiving sext messages. The possible mediating effects of lifestyles and routine activities on the effects of low self-control also were tested using a sample of college students. Results revealed that low self-control is significantly and positively related to each type of sexting behavior, and that while certain lifestyles and routines mediated these effects, low self-control remained a significant predictor of participation in sexting.
Precipitation in non-stoichiometric spinel

Precipitation in non-stoichiometric spinel (MgO · 3.5Al2O3) single crystals has been investigated in the temperature range 900 to 1600° C. The formation of a coherent intermediate phase precedes precipitation of the equilibriumα-Al2O3, and the time-temperature-extent of transformation (T-T-T) curve for the formation of this metastable phase has been determined. Nucleation ofα-Al2O3 occurs only at free surfaces, presumably because of the large strain energy accompanying the transformation of the anion sublattice from cubic to hexagonal close-packing. The growth rate ofα-Al2O3 from the free surfaces follows a linear law and appears similar to the “autocatalytic reaction” found in some metallic alloys. The following orientation relationship between spinel andα-Al2O3 is observed: $$\langle 10\overline 1 0\rangle _{\alpha - {\rm A}l_2 O_3 } \parallel \langle 110\rangle _{spinel} $$ and $$(0001)_{\alpha - {\rm A}l_2 O_3 } \parallel \{ 111\} _{spinel.} $$ .
Improvisation and the self-organization of multiple musical bodies

Understanding everyday behavior relies heavily upon understanding our ability to improvise, how we are able to continuously anticipate and adapt in order to coordinate with our environment and others. Here we consider the ability of musicians to improvise, where they must spontaneously coordinate their actions with co-performers in order to produce novel musical expressions. Investigations of this behavior have traditionally focused on describing the organization of cognitive structures. The focus, here, however, is on the ability of the time-evolving patterns of inter-musician movement coordination as revealed by the mathematical tools of complex dynamical systems to provide a new understanding of what potentiates the novelty of spontaneous musical action. We demonstrate this approach through the application of cross wavelet spectral analysis, which isolates the strength and patterning of the behavioral coordination that occurs between improvising musicians across a range of nested time-scales. Revealing the sophistication of the previously unexplored dynamics of movement coordination between improvising musicians is an important step towards understanding how creative musical expressions emerge from the spontaneous coordination of multiple musical bodies.
E-Healthcare Web Service Broker Infrastructure in Cloud Environment

With the growing demand of cloud computing most healthcare organizations are moving software to the cloud in form of web services. Web services are popular in terms of distributed technology that can successfully solve integration problems between heterogeneous systems. There is now an increasing demand for sharing medical records between healthcare providers due to treatment duplication between healthcare providers which increases the cost of medication as well as medical errors. This paper aims to provide a web service broker framework in the cloud that facilitates the exchange of medical records between a large variety of providers such as large and local hospitals, imaging labs, clinics, laboratories and healthcare institutes which will allow doctors to obtain a complete patient medical records, and allow healthcare organizations to avoid duplication, reduce medical errors and medical cost. Furthermore, the broker will provide a QoS-Based optimization algorithm that can discover and compose medical services based on healthcare requester workflow and QoS requirements. To demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm, a case study and experimental results will be provided.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING AND CONTROL OF A TWIN-LIFT HELICOPTER SYSTEM

A twin-lift system offers an efficient and economically attractive solution to the heavy lift problem. A three-dimensional model including the rigid-body dynamics of the two helicopters, the spreader bar, and the load is developed. The mathematical model for helicopter aerodynamics consists of generic, nonlinear, force, and moment models for each helicopter component: main rotor, tail rotor, fuselage, and empennage. The spreader bar and load aerodynamics are also included in the system model. Using the comprehensive system model, a nonlinear controller based on approximate input-output feedback linearization is synthesized. The nonlinear feedback law forms an outer loop for the twin-lift flight control system and is used in conjunction with the existing stability augmentation systems of the helicopters, which constitute the inner loop for the flight control system. The controller performance is illustrated by a closed-loop simulation of a typical twin-lift mission.
Infection of cultured human adrenal cells by different strains of HIV.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether human adrenal cells can be infected by HIV. METHODS Cultured human fetal adrenal cells and the SW13 human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line were inoculated with several HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains. Virus replication was detected by viral core antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent and reverse transcriptase assays. CD4 expression was measured by Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction procedures. RESULTS HIV infection of these adrenal cells was detected and was most evident after cocultivation of the inoculated cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infection does not involve the CD4 molecule, which is not expressed by these adrenal cells. The relative level of HIV replication depended on the viral strain used. Virus production occurred best in cells that maintained evidence of adrenal cell function. Infection did not appear to disturb steroidogenesis measured in the cells. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that human adrenal cells are susceptible to HIV infection, and provide further evidence of the polytropic nature of the virus.
Consolidation of blended powders by severe plastic deformation to form amorphous metal matrix composites

Abstract Warm equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) in 90° tooling is used to consolidate Vitreloy 106a plus tungsten powders. A fully dense amorphous matrix composite showing good infiltration of the amorphous phase in between crystalline particles and uniform consolidation is achieved after one ECAE extrusion in the supercooled liquid temperature region of the amorphous phase. The results demonstrate that ECAE appears to be a viable processing method for producing bulk metallic glass matrix–crystalline particle composites.
Oxidoreductase activity is necessary for N-glycosylation of cysteine-proximal acceptor sites in glycoproteins

Stabilization of protein tertiary structure by disulfides can interfere with glycosylation of acceptor sites (NXT/S) in nascent polypeptides. Here, we show that MagT1, an ER-localized thioredoxin homologue, is a subunit of the STT3B isoform of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). The lumenally oriented active site CVVC motif in MagT1 is required for glycosylation of STT3B-dependent acceptor sites including those that are closely bracketed by disulfides or contain cysteine as the internal residue (NCT/S). The MagT1- and STT3B-dependent glycosylation of cysteine-proximal acceptor sites can be reduced by eliminating cysteine residues. The predominant form of MagT1 in vivo is oxidized, which is consistent with transient formation of mixed disulfides between MagT1 and a glycoprotein substrate to facilitate access of STT3B to unmodified acceptor sites. Cotranslational N-glycosylation by the STT3A isoform of the OST, which lacks MagT1, allows efficient modification of acceptor sites in cysteine-rich protein domains before disulfide bond formation. Thus, mammalian cells use two mechanisms to achieve N-glycosylation of cysteine proximal acceptor sites.
Ways of Seeing: On Kira Muratova's Brief Encounters and Larisa Shepit′ko's Wings

This article looks at Larisa Shepit′ko's Wings (Krylia, 1966) and Kira Muratova's Brief Encounters (Korotkie vstrechi, 1967) from the perspective of “female authorship.” The article argues that the work of Shepit'ko and Muratova represents a kind of Soviet “counter-cinema” that puts the questions of seeing differently at the center of its interrogations. Here, I trace some of the ways we might begin to see the strategies, both formal and narrative, that construct new “ways of seeing” for Soviet cinema, and to place these two films in the larger history of not only Soviet cinema (or the cinema of the Thaw), but of cinema more generally and women's cinema more specifically. This analysis will start with Muratova's Brief Encounters and then move to Shepit′ko's Wings, to show the different ways in which these two films (and these two directors) break with cinematic conventions to give us a different kind of cinema, a different way of filming, and perhaps, also, a desire to see differently.
Situation Normal? Repairing a Risky Ecology

The river goes through New Orleans like an elevated highway. Jackson Square, in the French Quarter, is on high ground with respect to the rest of New Orleans, but even from the benches of Jackson Square one looks up across the levee at the hulls of the passing ships. Their keels are higher than the Astro Turf in the Superdome, and if somehow the ships could turn and move at river level into the city and into the stadium they would hover above the playing field like blimps.
Effect of Potato Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Yield, Quality, and Economics of Staked-Tomato Production

Field studies were conducted in 1990 and 1992 to measure the impact of potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), infestations on the yield, quality, and economics of staked, fresh-market tomato production. Treatments consisted of a nontreated control and applications of the experimental aphicide RH7988 at threshold levels of 10, 25, 50, 65, and 100% infested leaves. Although total yield did not vary significantly among treatments, yields were consistently lower in the control, 65, and 100% threshold treatments. However, fruit quality, as measured by percentage of fruit graded as combination grade (U.S. No. 1 and 2), U.S. No. 3, and culls, was statistically highest in the 10 and 25% threshold treatments in 1990, and the 10, 25, and 50% threshold treatments in 1992. Reductions in fruit quality were related to higher levels of hemipterous-damaged fruit and fruit affected by weather-related physiological disorders (sunscald and weathercheck). The larger aphid populations in the high threshold treatments were presumably attractive to stink bugs and leaffooted bugs, which fed on aphids as well as tomato fruit. The higher levels of sunscald and weathercheck were because of stunted foliage and higher levels of foliar early blight, which decreased leaf area and exposed fruit to these disorders. Reductions in fruit quality were most apparent during the late season harvests. When yields were adjusted for hemipterous damage and physiological disorders, net profits increased and, in 1990, only the control exhibited a significant reduction in net profits compared with the low aphid threshold treatment, indicating that reduction in fruit quality was the primary cause of profit loss in the high threshold treatments. However, in 1992, significant reductions in net profits were observed at thresholds of >50% for both nonadjusted and adjusted yields. Recommended potato aphid threshold levels for vine-ripe harvested tomatoes are 50% infested leaves when using broad-spectrum insecticides, but only 25% when using narrow-spectrum aphicides. The higher threshold when using broad-spectrum insecticides is recommended because damage caused by hemipterous insects would be averted.
Characterization of products formed during the autoxidation of β-carotene

The anticarcinogenic action of carotenoids such as beta-carotene has been frequently ascribed to their antioxidant properties. However, very little is actually known about the nature of the antioxidant reaction or the products that are formed. beta-Carotene was exposed to either spontaneous autoxidation conditions or to radical-initiated autoxidation conditions. The products were separated by reverse-phase HPLC, and individual peaks were characterized with an on-line diode array detector. Carbonyl products were isolated and characterized by several procedures, including borohydride reduction to the corresponding alcohols, derivatization with O-ethyl-hydroxylamine to the corresponding O-ethyl-oximes of the carbonyls, and analysis by GC-MS. Under the conditions of the experiments, the formation of a homologous series of carbonyl products was demonstrated, including beta-apo-13-carotenone, retinal, beta-apo-14'-carotenal, beta-apo-12'-carotenal, and beta-apo-10'-carotenal. Several very hydrophobic compounds were formed, which have not been previously identified. In addition, the products of NaOCl-treatment of beta-carotene were analyzed, and shown to be significantly different from the autoxidation products. This type of product analysis should be useful in determining the nature of the oxidants reacting with beta-carotene in vivo.
A clinical rule to predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after myocardial infarction

Objective: To derive and validate a clinical prediction rule that identifies patients after myocardial infarction who have preserved left ventricular systolic function. Design: Retrospective analys...
A kit formulation for preparation of [111In]In-DTPA-folate, a folate-receptor-targeted radiopharmaceutical

Abstract A kit formulation has been developed for convenient, routine compounding of 111 In-labeled In(III)-DTPA-Folate, an investigational radiopharmaceutical for targeting tumor-associated folate receptors. The kit consists of the DTPA-Folate conjugate in sodium citrate solution, from which [ 111 In]In-DTPA-Folate can be rapidly and reliably compounded by the addition of aqueous [ 111 In]In(III)-chloride.
Low-income countries’ linkages to BRICS: Are there growth spillovers?

Abstract This paper employs a global vector autoregression (GVAR) model to investigate business cycle transmission from BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to LICs through trade, FDI, technology, and exchange rates channels. Trade and financial ties between low-income countries (LICs) and BRICS have expanded rapidly in recent years. This gives rise to the potential for growth to spill over from the latter to the former. The estimation results show that there are indeed significant direct spillovers from BRICS to LICs.
Sigma binding states in the brain; An emerging concept for multiple sites and their relevance for psychiatric disorders

An increasing amount of evidence suggests the existence of specific binding sites for psychotomimetic drugs from the opiate-benzomorphan and arylcyclohexylamine series. The sigma binding sites have preferential affinity for the dextrorotatory isomers of certain opiate benzomorphans, such as (+)SKF 10047, (+)cyclazocine and (+)pentazocine and also for some neuroleptics (e.g., haloperidol). The PCP receptor has preferential affinity for phencyclidine (PCP) analogs and other non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The physiological significance of the PCP receptor is associated with the blockade of the NMDA type of the glutamate receptor, implying a neuroprotective role of the PCP receptor. However, the significance of the sigma binding sites is less conspicuous. It is not only that drugs from distinct pharmacological classes display a certain degree of affinity for the "sigma/haloperidol" binding sites, but also that drugs which do not induce or block psychotomimetic activity, i.e., (+)3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl) piperidine [(+)3-PPP] and 1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG), display relatively high affinity for the sigma binding sites. The diversity of the compounds which are proposed to interact with the sigma receptors and the variety of the responses elicited by these drugs suggest the existence of sigma receptor subtypes. The finding that the type A of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, which are used in treatment of affective disorders, display high affinity for the sigma binding sites suggests their involvement in affective or schizoaffective disorders. Revealing the existence of sigma receptor subtypes may help to elucidate their association with various psychiatric disorders.
Investigating the superhydrophobic behavior for underwater surfaces using impedance-based methods.

We have investigated the impedance behavior of immersed superhydrophobic (SH) polymethylene surfaces by tailoring the surface tension of the contacting liquid phase to gradually transition the surface from the Cassie to the Wenzel state. Control over the surface tension is accomplished by varying the ethanol content of the aqueous phase. To establish the mechanism of the transition, we imaged the interface of the film and identified three distinct events of this process: a nucleation event at low concentrations of ethanol in which small areas beneath the liquid phase transition into the Wenzel state, a propagation event characterized by the enlargement of the Wenzel domains and the lateral displacement of air, and a final event at higher concentrations of ethanol in which the thin air layer at the interface morphs into isolated pockets of air. Using this visualization of the transition, we characterized the Cassie and the Wenzel states by measuring the impedance at a frequency of 1 kHz for an initially SH...
Motion Based Acceleration Correction for Improved Sensor Orientation Estimates

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) including accelerometers and gyroscopes are becoming very common and can be found in cell phones, fitness trackers, and other wearable devices. With the growth in wearable computing and body sensor networks, IMUs are also becoming more prevalent researchenvironments for estimation and tracking of human motion. Wedemonstrate that the accelerometer angle estimate is inaccurate for typical motions and present a method using a kinematic model to correct the accelerometer angle estimate and improve overall orientation estimates using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Our method improves upon the raw accelerometer orientation estimation method and a gyroscope based EKF method for sensor orientation during motion and at rest.
Increasing sporulation of corynespora cassiicola

Sporulation of Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei was greatly enhanced when the cultures were first scraped after 3 days growth and then grown for an additional 3 days in continuous light.
The management of fear related to vaginal examination

A treatment approach is presented for the management of fear associated with vaginal examination. A combination of relaxation training, imaginal and in vivo desensitization, and cognitive restructuring exercises, was effective in overcoming the phobic anxiety. After treatment, the patient was able to undergo regular clinic examinations, with progress maintained at 12-month follow up.
Enhanced bandwidth generation in an Er amplifier similariton fiber laser

The addition of a passive nonlinear segment to a similariton laser allows the bandwidth to be enhanced significantly. Numerical and experimental results for an Er fiber laser are presented.
Evidence for the Pathophysiological Role of Endogenous Methylarginines in Regulation of Endothelial NO Production and Vascular Function

Abstract In endothelium, NO is derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-mediated l-arginine oxidation. Endogenous guanidinomethylated arginines (MAs), including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-methyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), are released in cells upon protein degradation and are competitive inhibitors of eNOS. However, it is unknown whether intracellular MA concentrations reach levels sufficient to regulate endothelial NO production. Therefore, the dose-dependent effects of ADMA and l-NMMA on eNOS function were determined. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the Km for l-arginine is 3.14 μm with a Vmax of 0.14 μmol mg–1 min–1, whereas Ki values of 0.9 μm and 1.1 μm were determined for ADMA and l-NMMA, respectively. EPR studies of NO production from purified eNOS demonstrated that, with a physiological 100 μm level of l-arginine, MA levels of >10μm were required for significant eNOS inhibition. Dose-dependent inhibition of NO formation in endothelial cells was observed with extracellular MA concentrations as low 5 μm. Similar effects were observed in isolated vessels where 5 μm ADMA inhibited vascular relaxation to acetylcholine. MA uptake studies demonstrated that ADMA and l-NMMA accumulate in endothelial cells with intracellular levels greatly exceeding extracellular concentrations. l-Arginine/MA ratios were correlated with cellular NO production. Although normal physiological levels of MAs do not significantly inhibit NOS, a 3- to 9-fold increase, as reported under disease conditions, would exert prominent inhibition. Using a balloon model of vascular injury, ∼4-fold increases in cellular MAs were observed, and these caused prominent impairment of vascular relaxation. Thus, MAs are critical mediators of vascular dysfunction following vascular injury.
Plasmodium falciparum merozoite vaccination in Aotus monkeys recovered spontaneously from P. falciparum infection: a clinical study.

Abstract6 Aotus trivirgatus monkeys, which had all spontaneously recovered from an experimentally induced Plasmodium falciparum infection, were included in a clinical study concentrating on possible adverse reactions caused by a vaccine using late schizonts and merozoites as an antigen and a synthetic compound, CP-20, 961, as an adjuvant. Two monkeys in the study were vaccinated once, 2 twice, 1 received adjuvant alone and 1 served as a saline control. Local and general inflammatory reactions as indicated by local oedema, induration, femoral lymphadenopathy, fever and leukocytosis, were observed in all vaccinated animals and in the one monkey after the second adjuvant injection. Serum albumin and transaminase enzyme levels increased in all animals whereas plasma fibrinogen, protamine sulfate and ethanol gelation titers rose only in the vaccinated monkeys. A transient increase of alkaline phosphatase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was noticed in half of them. We conclude that this type of malaria vacci...
Serum migration inhibitory activity in patients with posttransplantation hepatic dysfunction.

Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory activity has been detected in the sera of six of eight patients with hepatic dysfunction following transplantation (renal or hepatic) and immunosuppression. Three of these individuals had detectable Australia antigen. Serum MIF activity bore an interesting temporal relation to parameters of hepatic disease, especially serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (SGOT) levels. Elevations of serum MIF preceded elevations of SGOT by approximately 5–10 days. This suggests that cell-mediated immune mechanisms may have not been beneficial, but rather may have contributed to the underlying hepatic pathology.
Animal models for oral transmission of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as a food borne pathogen in humans since the 1980s, but we still understand very little about oral transmission of L. monocytogenes or the host factors that determine susceptibility to gastrointestinal infection, due to the lack of an appropriate small animal model of oral listeriosis. Early feeding trials suggested that many animals were highly resistant to oral infection, and the more reproducible intravenous or intraperitoneal routes of inoculation soon came to be favored. There are a fair number of previously published studies using an oral infection route, but the work varies widely in terms of bacterial strain choice, the methods used for oral transmission, and various manipulations used to enhance infectivity. This mini review will summarize the published literature using oral routes of L. monocytogenes infection and will highlight recent technological advances that have made oral infection a more attractive model system.
Synthesis of Cage Compounds Containing Boron, Tin, and Phosphorus Atoms

The 1:1 reactions of [(iPr2N)BP(H)B(NiPr2)PLi·DME] (1) and [(tmp)BP(H)B(tmp)PLi·DME] (2; tmp = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino) with organylhalostannanes have been examined, and stannyl-substituted d...
MODEL MATCHING CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR DISTURBANCE REJECTION

Abstract A new model matching controller design technique is presented to facilitate direct specification of the disturbance response of a closed-loop system. The desired disturbance response characteristics are implicated through an appropriately chosen reference model. This approach substantially reduces the trial-and-error iterations necessary to meet the design requirements. A simple reference model specification procedure allows arbitrary choice for the reference Transfer Function poles (to control response time) while guaranteeing the physical realizability of the controller and asymptotic rejection of various types of disturbances such as step, ramp, etc. The Frequency Domain Controller Synthesis Techniques produce low-order, practically implementable controllers. The power of the design approach is demonstrated by several illustrative examples. It is shown that ensuring good disturbance rejection characteristics is sufficient to guarantee satisfactory set-point response, and not vice versa.