cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lactate Dehydrogenase C and Energy Metabolism in Mouse Sperm

We demonstrated previously that disruption of the germ cellspecific lactate dehydrogenase C gene (Ldhc) led to male infertility due to defects in sperm function, including a rapid decline in sperm ATP levels, a decrease in progressive motility, and a failure to develop hyperactivated motility. We hypothesized that lack of LDHC disrupts glycolysis by feedback inhibition, either by causing a defect in renewal of the NAD + cofactor essential for activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, sperm (GAPDHS), or an accumulation of pyruvate. To test these hypotheses, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to follow the utilization of labeled substrates in real time. We found that in sperm lacking LDHC, glucose consumption was disrupted, but the NAD:NADH ratio and pyruvate levels were unchanged, and pyruvate was rapidly metabolized to lactate. Moreover, the metabolic disorder induced by treatment with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor sodium oxamate was different from that caused by lack of LDHC. This supported our earlier conclusion that LDHA, an LDH isozyme present in the principal piece of the flagellum, is responsible for the residual LDH activity in sperm lacking LDHC, but suggested that LDHC has an additional role in the maintenance of energy metabolism in sperm. By coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified 27 proteins associated with LDHC. A majority of these proteins are implicated in ATP synthesis, utilization, transport, and/or sequestration. This led us to hypothesize that in addition to its role in glycolysis, LDHC is part of a complex involved in ATP homeostasis that is disrupted in sperm lacking LDHC. ATP, flagellum, gamete biology, glycolysis, isozyme, nuclear magnetic resonance, null mutation/knockout, sperm hyperactivation, transgenic/knockout model
Discriminative feature extraction for language identification

In this paper we propose a discriminative feature extraction method, DFE, to address the increasing number of features in language identification (LID) tasks. Similar to linear discriminant analysis (LDA), it extracts the most discriminative features through the maximization of an “approximated” mutual information I(C; Y ) between the class labels C and the projected data Y. Compared with other feature extraction methods, experiments done on the CallFriend corpus shows DFE could handle high-dimensional dataset with ease. Furthermore, this feature extraction shows improvements on the LID task over standard feature extraction methods (LDA and principal components analysis).
Glioblastoma, Cancer Stem Cells and Hypoxia

Glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis remains dismal, with most patients succumbing to disease within 1 or 2 years of diagnosis. Recent studies have suggested that many solid tumors, including GBM, are maintained by a subset of cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). It has been shown that these cells are inherently radio- and chemotherapy resistant, and may be maintained in vivo in a niche characterized by reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia). This review examines the recently described effects of hypoxia on CSC in GBM, and the potential promise in targeting the hypoxic pathway therapeutically.
Social capital and factors affecting civic engagement as reported by leaders of voluntary associations

Abstract In recent years, there have been substantial changes in levels and types of participation in voluntary associations. This paper reports findings from a series of in-depth interviews with the leaders of 32 state-wide voluntary associations in Texas. While the most influential studies of civic engagement and social capital have emphasized the role of culture and values, the data presented here indicate that economic variables are also of central importance. Work-related time constraints lead to decreased engagement. Developments such as forced voluntarism, the growing number of retirees, and corporate sponsored volunteering are changing the nature of civic engagement and some voluntary associations. There is evidence that younger volunteers are increasingly concerned with volunteering opportunities as means to pragmatic ends, such resume building.
StaRSaC: Stable random sample consensus for parameter estimation

We address the problem of parameter estimation in presence of both uncertainty and outlier noise. This is a common occurrence in computer vision: feature localization is performed with an inherent uncertainty which can be described as Gaussian, with unknown variance; feature matching in multiple images produces incorrect data points. RANSAC is the preferred method to reject outliers if the variance of the uncertainty noise is known, but fails otherwise, by producing either a tight fit to an incorrect solution, or by computing a solution which includes outliers. We thus propose a new estimator which enforces stability of the solution with respect to the uncertainty bound. We show that the variance of the estimated parameters (VoP) exhibits ranges of stability with respect to this bound. Within this range of stability, we can accurately segment the inliers, and estimate the parameters, the variance of the Gaussian noise. We show how to compute this stable range using RANSAC and a search. We validate our results by extensive tests and comparison with state of the art estimators on both synthetic and real data sets. These include line fitting, homography estimation, and fundamental matrix estimation. The proposed method outperforms all others.
Endogenous private health investment and the willingness to pay for public health projects: The effects of income

Abstract A distinction is made between the WTP for health improvement and the WTP for health-improving projects through endogenizing private health investment. While the former always increases in income, income's effect on the latter depends on whether private and public health inputs are substitutes or complements.
Automated Dose-Rounding Recommendations for Pediatric Medications

Although pediatric electronic prescribing systems are increasingly being used in pediatric care, many of these sys- tems lack the clinical decision-support infrastructure needed to calculate a safe and effective rounded medication dose. This infra- structure is required to facilitate tailoring of established dosing guidance while maintaining the medication's therapeutic intent. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to establish best practices for generating an appropriate medication dose and to create an interoperable rounding knowledge base combining best practices and dose-rounding information. METHODS: We interviewed 19 pediatric health care and pediatric pharmacy experts and conducted a literature review. After using these data to construct initial rounding tolerances, we used a Del- phi process to achieve consensus about the rounding tolerance for each commonly prescribed medication. RESULTS: Three categories for medication-rounding philosophy emerged from our literature review: (1) medications for which rounding is used judiciously to retain the intended effect; (2) med- ications that are rounded with attention to potential unintended effects; and (3) medications that are rarely rounded because of the potential for toxicity. We assigned a small subset of medications to a fourth category—inadequate data—for which there was insuffi- cient information to provide rounding recommendations. For all 102 medications, we were able to arrive at a consensus recommen- dation for rounding a given calculated dose. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study provide the pediatric informa- tion technology community with a primary set of recommended rounding tolerances for commonly prescribed drugs. The interop- erable knowledge base developed here can be integrated with ex- isting and developing electronic prescribing systems, potentially improving prescribing safety and reducing cognitive workload. Pediatrics 2011;128:e422-e428
Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm Theory

In this article we introduce a “prejudiced norm theory” that specifies the social-psychological processes by which exposure to disparagement humor uniquely affects tolerance of discrimination against members of groups targeted by the humor. Our theory posits that a norm of tolerance of discrimination implied by disparagement humor functions as a source of self-regulation for people high in prejudice. For people high in prejudice, this norm regulates the effect of exposure to disparagement humor on tolerance of subsequently encountered discriminatory events. Our theory contributes to the literature on prejudice and discrimination by delineating the processes by which disparagement humor creates a normative climate of tolerance of discrimination, as well as variables that accentuate and attenuate its effects.
Discrete Frontal Propagation in a Nonconvective Environment

Abstract Surface discrete frontal propagation in a wintertime, nonconvective environment is documented using conventional surface and upper-air data and simulated using the PSU–NCAR mesoscale model. Synoptic and mesoscale surface analyses show a cold front associated with a synoptic-scale low-pressure system propagating from northwest to southeast across the central United States. Apparently discrete frontal propagation occurs when the surface front dissipates and a new front forms approximately 500 km ahead of the original front, with no compelling evidence of frontal passage in the intervening space. Upper-air analyses indicate the infusion of three different airstreams into the frontal region, resulting in the formation of a ribbon of low static stability air parallel to and several hundred kilometers in advance of the original front. This static stability structure appears to be involved in the observed evolution of the front. The development of precipitation over the intervening zone between the old ...
The Importance of Training Marital, Couple, and Family Therapists in Sexual Health

Sexual health has been declared a sexual right and part of human rights on health and freedom from discrimination. Over 40 years ago the World Health Organization, and other international organisations since, have called for marital, couple, and family therapists to be trained in working with sexuality in a respectful, positive manner that affirms sexual health and sexual expression. Despite this, there have not been significant strides in helping therapists understand a view of sexual health focused on freedom of expression and pleasure, nor significant advances in requirements for professional training in a broad conceptualisation of sexuality. There is also evidence that practitioner comfort with the topic has not significantly changed over time. In this paper, ethical issues impeding the advancement of sexual health services within mental health professions are explored and recommendations for training curriculums are provided.
Versatility of BCR/ABL-expressing leukemic cells in circumventing proapoptotic BAD effects

BAD, the proapoptotic member of the “BH3-only” subfamily of BCL-2 proteins, is inactivated by phosphorylation at serines 112 and 136 and by sequestration in the cytoplasm where it interacts with members of the 14-3-3 family. In BCR/ABL-expressing cells, BAD is constitutively phosphorylated and mainly cytoplasmic, whereas in cells expressing BCR/ABL mutants unable to protect from apoptosis, BAD is nonphosphorylated. We show here that both the wild-type (WT) and the S112A/ S136A double mutant (DM) BAD are more potent inducers of apoptosis in parental than in BCR/ABL-expressing 32D myeloid precursor cells. Stable lines of parental cells expressing DM BAD could not be established and most clones from WT BAD retrovirus-infected parental cells lost BAD expression. On IL-3 withdrawal from parental 32D cells, BAD was rapidly dephosphorylated by the serine-threonine phosphatase 1, and localized in the mitochondria, whereas it remained phosphorylated and did not localize to the mitochondria in the cohort of BCR/ABL-expressing cells escaping apoptosis induced by WT BAD. Moreover, these cells showed high levels of BCL-2 and BCL-XL expression. The cohort of BCR/ABL-expressing cells resistant to apoptosis induced by DM BAD showed only high levels of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. These findings suggest that BCR/ABL-expressing cells are more versatile than normal hematopoietic progenitors in counteracting the apoptotic potential of BAD, and raise the possibility that tumor cells activate multiple antiapoptotic pathways for survival in the face of death-inducing stimuli.
CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF NON-UNION IN FRACTURES OF THE RADIUS AND ULNA

1. The age of the patient has no influence on the incidence of non-union in fractures of the forearm in adults. 2. The degree of displacement of the fracture is an important factor in non-union, and is related to the violence of the injury. 3. Fractures of one bone unite better than fractures of both bones, and this is due to the stabilising effect of the intact bone. 4. Open and comminuted fractures have a much higher incidence of non-union. 5. The lowest incidence of non-union, allowances being made for other significant factors, was in cases treated conservatively; and after that in cases treated by plating followed by immobilisation in plaster. 6. Plating without subsequent immobilisation in plaster is a method to be abandoned, but there is some advantage in waiting for ten days, until post-operative oedema has been absorbed, before applying the plaster. 7. In cases in which several factors predisposing to non-union are present in the same patient, it seems justifiable to supplement plating by cancellous onlay strips as a primary procedure. 8. In cases of non-union the cancellous insert graft described by Nicoll succeeded in 94·5 per cent of the cases, many of which were exceptionally difficult problems. In 75 per cent union occurred within four months of grafting. 9. The restoration of mobility, either after union of the fracture or after grafting operations, was never a serious problem in the present series.
Less Common Arthropathies

Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms frequently occur in endocrinopathies. A number of syndromes of limited joint mobility occur in people with diabetes mellitus, including diabetic hand syndrome (diabetic cheiroarthropathy), adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder, periarthritis), Dupuytren’s contractures, trigger finger (flexor tenosynovitis), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH syndrome), neuropathic arthritis (Charcot joints, diabetic osteoarthropathy), and diabetic muscle infarction. Hyperthyroidism may be associated with proximal myopathy, usually without serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation; thyroid acropachy; and drug-induced vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), usually caused by propylthiouracil. Hypothyroidism may be associated with polyarthralgias, carpal tunnel syndrome, and proximal myopathy, with serum CK elevation. Hyperparathyroidism may cause osteoporosis, osteitis fibrosa cystica, chondrocalcinosis, and pseudogout. ■ Other endocrinopathies that may lead to musculoskeletal complaints are hypoparathyroidism, acromegaly, and glucocorticoid-induced Cushing’s syndrome.
Designing high performance communication runtime for GPU managed memory: early experiences

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have gained the position of a main stream accelerator due to its low power footprint and massive parallelism. CUDA 6.0 onward, NVIDIA has introduced the Managed Memory capability which unifies the host and device memory allocations into a single allocation and removes the requirement for explicit memory transfers between either memories. Several applications particularly of irregular nature can have immense benefits from managed memory because of the high productivity in programming that can be achieved owing to the minimal effort involved in the data management and movement. The MVAPICH2 library utilizes runtime designs such as CUDA Inter Process Communications (IPC) and GPUDirect RDMA (GDR) under the CUDA-Aware concept, to offer high productivity and programmability with MPI on modern clusters. However, integration and interaction of managed memory with these features raises challenges for efficient small and large message communications.In this study, we present an initial evaluation of managed memory capability and its interaction with existing high performance designs and features available in MVAPICH2 library. We propose new designs to enable efficient communication support between managed memory buffers. We also perform fine tuning to optimize the transfers between managed memories residing in GPUs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation and study of managed memory and its interaction with MPI runtimes. A detailed evaluation and analysis of the performance of the proposed designs is presented. The Stencil2D communication kernel available in the SHOC suite was re-designed to enable the managed memory support. The evaluation shows a 4x improvement in the timings of stencil exchanges on 16 GPU nodes.
Abstract 1568: Developing a novel in vivo electroporation-based DNA vaccine utilizing a small molecule regulated immune switch

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a rapidly progressing area of translational research intended for developing new cancer treatment modalities. Although ex vivo DC-based vaccines have been extensively studied and clinically tested for the treatment of cancer, they are inherently limited by short DC lifespan after activation, labor-intensive production (requiring ex vivo manipulation of autologous cells), high cost and consequent limited accessibility to the patient. Therefore, we have attempted to develop portable, regulatable adjuvants that could be targeted to DCs and activated in situ. Development by our lab of an inducible variant of the costimulatory molecule, CD40 (iCD40), and a composite, inducible MyD88/CD40 (iMC) adjuvant, that also incorporates the universal Toll like receptor adapter, MyD88, have been shown to increase the potency and lifespan of DC vaccines. These inducible receptors act as in vivo DC “switches” that lead to the priming and robust expansion of antigen (Ag)-specific T-cells capable of eliminating pre-established tumors in mice. Despite the success of these DC “switch” systems, practicality and scalability of patient-tailored ex vivo DC vaccines remains a major hindrance to their widespread applicability. Therefore, the future of DC vaccines lies in the development of “off-the-shelf” methodologies, such as viral or non-viral vectors that can deliver adjuvants along with tumor antigens. DNA vaccines are attractive for this purpose owing to their elegant simplicity, ease of production, and lack of anti-vector immune responses. In order to successfully vaccinate patients with DNA, one must be able to deliver plasmid encoding therapeutic genes to target cells efficiently. In vivo electroporation is a relatively new technology just starting to be tested in clinical trials, and provides a safe, simple, and effective means by which to administer DNA vaccines. Data from our preliminary studies of the electroporative delivery of plasmids encoding the model antigen β-galactosidase (LacZ) in mice suggests that LacZ-specific T-cell responses are induced, and that upon tumor challenge, mice receiving prophylaxis via electroporation had slower tumor growth kinetics when compared to controls. Together, this preliminary data supports the notion that DNA vaccination with tumor Ag by electroporation may be a simple and effective “off-the-shelf” cancer vaccine strategy. Additionally, this vaccination strategy may be enhanced by the addition of the iMC adjuvant. Therefore, further investigation of intradermal electroporation is warranted by these findings, to better characterize the induced immune responses and better optimize vaccination Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1568. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1568
Fusion of DM with cognitive and behavior calculating models for improving teaching quality

To distinguish students with different categories by cognitive and behavioral expression so as to better improve teachers' teaching quality,a data mining model based on cognitive and behavior calculating models is proposed.Cognitive and behavior calculating models are proposed based on various important cognitive and behavioral input parameters.Artificial neural network,Sensitivity Analysis(SA),data mining,Classification and Regression Tree(CRT)are applied to classifying by six cognitive parameters and three behavioral parameters.Students are classified to three categories so as to better implement different teaching strategies according to different categories of students.Experiments results show that the behavioral parameters are far more important than cognitive parameters.Analysis results indicate the feasibility of proposed models for supporting teachers' work in educational systems.
Prenatal care in the prevention of infection.

A wide spectrum of maternal infections have the potential for infecting the fetus or newborn, and identification is complicated by the absence or nonspecificity of symptoms. Since no specific therapy is available for many perinatal infections, termination of pregnancy may be indicated. Routine prenatal screening is impractical and not cost-effective. Prevention of maternal exposure is possible with some infections.
Tobacco Use, Secondhand Smoke, and Smoke-Free Home Rules in Multiunit Housing.

Introduction Multiunit housing (MUH) residents are particularly susceptible to involuntary secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in their home, which can enter their living units from nearby units and shared areas where smoking occurs. To date, no study has assessed non-cigarette tobacco use among MUH residents. This study assessed the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of tobacco use (combustible, noncombustible, any tobacco use including electronic cigarettes), smoke-free home rules, and SHS incursions among U.S. MUH residents. Methods Data came from the 2013–2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a telephone survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Analyses were conducted in 2015. Prevalence of current tobacco use and smoke-free home rules were assessed overall and by sociodemographics, stratified by housing type (single family versus MUH). Prevalence and adjusted odds of SHS incursions among MUH residents with smoke-free home rules were assessed. Results Tobacco use was higher among adults living in MUH (24.7%) than those in single-family housing (18.9%, p p Conclusions One quarter of MUH residents use tobacco, and one third of MUH residents with smoke-free rules experience SHS incursions. Interventions are warranted to promote tobacco cessation and smoke-free building policies to protect all MUH residents, employees, and visitors from the dangers of tobacco use and SHS.
Fundamental statistical properties of reconstruction methodology for TDDB with variability in BEOL/MOL/FEOL applications

In this work, we investigate the validity of the so-called big-data deconvolution approach with its use of sampling-based reconstruction methodology for general applications to BEOL and MOL dielectrics with substantial non-uniformity and multiple variability sources. Unlike conventional statistical sampling, we have found that all parameters (β and T 63 ) and area scaling characteristics of reconstructed Weibull distributions along with T 63 variation (σT 63 ) across the sampling units (chips or dies) show a strong dependence on sampling number per unit (chip). We developed the statistical theory to correctly characterize the sampling number dependence of reconstructed Weibull slope and σT 63 , including a criterion for the general applicability of the sampling-based reconstruction methodology. We have examined why the big-data deconvolution approach cannot be used for BEOL/MOL dielectrics with multiple variability sources. The sampling-number dependence of reconstructed T 63 fundamentally nullifies the feasibility of this approach while sampling-number dependence of area scaling should be always demonstrated prior to the use this methodology. Finally, we show that V BD results can provide misleading conclusions due to the different scaling property of variance in Vbd and Tbd in use of reconstruction methodology.
Stimulated Raman Scattering: From Bulk to Nano.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) describes a family of techniques first discovered and developed in the 1960s. Whereas the nascent history of the technique is parallel to that of laser light sources, recent advances have spurred a resurgence in its use and development that has spanned across scientific fields and spatial scales. SRS is a nonlinear technique that probes the same vibrational modes of molecules that are seen in spontaneous Raman scattering. While spontaneous Raman scattering is an incoherent technique, SRS is a coherent process, and this fact provides several advantages over conventional Raman techniques, among which are much stronger signals and the ability to time-resolve the vibrational motions. Technological improvements in pulse generation and detection strategies have allowed SRS to probe increasingly smaller volumes and shorter time scales. This has enabled SRS research to move from its original domain, of probing bulk media, to imaging biological tissues and single cells at the micr...
Binocular matching of thalamocortical and intracortical circuits in the mouse visual cortex

Visual cortical neurons are tuned to similar orientations through the two eyes. The binocularly-matched orientation preference is established during a critical period in early life, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we optogenetically isolated the thalamocortical and intracortical excitatory inputs to individual layer 4 neurons and studied their binocular matching. In adult mice, the thalamic and cortical inputs representing the same eyes are similarly tuned and both are matched binocularly. In mice before the critical period, the thalamic input is already slightly matched, but the weak matching is not manifested due to random connections in the cortex, especially those serving the ipsilateral eye. Binocular matching is thus mediated by orientation-specific changes in intracortical connections and further improvement of thalamic matching. Together, our results suggest that the feed-forward thalamic input may play a key role in initiating and guiding the functional refinement of cortical circuits in critical period development.
Lipid Second Messengers and Receptors

Second messengers are organic molecules that are produced within a cell to initiate the response to a signal carried by an agonist that does not itself enter the cell.
Biophysical characterization of nanostructured TiO2 as a good substrate for hBM-MSC adhesion, growth and differentiation.

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow (hBM-MSC) are widely utilized for clinical applications involving bone healing. In this context, their use has been often optimized in association to variously designed titanium substrates, being this material of great use in orthopaedic implants. According to recent findings, the ability of hBM-MSC to differentiate towards a specific lineage is not only driven by biochemical signals, but physical stimuli, such as rigidity or roughness of the substrate, can also support a commitment towards osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the presence of features with defined dimensional scales, in particular nanometer-size, also proved to elicit specific biological effects. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of a nano-patterned titanium surface in sustaining hBM-MSC adhesion, growth and differentiation by means of a panel of biophysical tools: morphometry, electrophysiology, intracellular calcium measurements and immunocytochemistry. The results substantiate the idea that this micro-textured titanium dioxide is a good surface for growth and differentiation of hBM-MSC and it exhibits a stimulating action mainly in the initial period of differentiation. Moreover, the basal concentration of free cytosolic Calcium [Ca2+]i is confirmed to be a good hallmark of the hBM-MSC maturation stage. The study could provide relevant hints to help improving the biocompatibility and osteointegration potential of clinical titanium implants.
The Role of Functions of Aggression in Associations Between Behavioral Inhibition and Activation and Mental Health Outcomes

ABSTRACTWhile the behavioral acitivation system (BAS) has been most consistently linked to externalizing behaviors, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) has been more closely related to internali...
Analysis of EEG Signal Evoked by Passive Movement and Motor Imagery

In recent years, research based on the Motor Imagery (MI) and physical training of stroke rehabilitation therapy has become a hot topic. Among them, brain–computer interface (BCI)-based electrical stimulation (ES) and MI synchronously induced electroencephalo-graph (EEG) analysis is one of the research directions. This paper integrates MI with ES, and introduces the steady-state somatosensory evoked potential (SSSEP) on the MI, and then fuses features. The purpose is to achieve better accuracy, reducing training time, and enhancing target body imagine attention. We use ES and MI synchronous-evoked EEG analysis for rehabilitation training strategy in the process of synchronization. Based on the time–frequency diagram and brain topographic map, we make analysis on event-related desynchronization (ERD), time–frequency characteristic of the steady-state evoked potentials (SSEP), energy characteristics, and distribution regularity of brain regions of each task model. We apply the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), common spatial pattern (CSP), and filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) to classify task pattern recognition on the basis of support vector machine. The results show that based on the lead less the FBCSP has certain superiority, the classification accuracy of ES versus ES&MI achieved 95% or more.
Increasing frequency of extremely severe cyclonic storms over the Arabian Sea

In 2014 and 2015, post-monsoon extremely severe cyclonic storms (ESCS)—defined by the WMO as tropical storms with lifetime maximum winds greater than 46 m s −1—were first observed over the Arabian Sea (ARB), causing widespread damage. However, it is unknown to what extent this abrupt increase in post-monsoon ESCSs can be linked to anthropogenic warming, natural variability, or stochastic behaviour. Here, using a suite of high-resolution global coupled model experiments that accurately simulate the climatological distribution of ESCSs, we show that anthropogenic forcing has likely increased the probability of late-season ECSCs occurring in the ARB since the preindustrial era. However, the specific timing of observed late-season ESCSs in 2014 and 2015 was likely due to stochastic processes. It is further shown that natural variability played a minimal role in the observed increase of ESCSs. Thus, continued anthropogenic forcing will further amplify the risk of cyclones in the ARB, with corresponding socio-economic implications. Post-monsoon season severe cyclonic storms were first observed over the Arabian Sea in 2014 and 2015. Highresolution modelling reveals their increased frequency can be attributed to anthropogenic forcing, and not natural variability.
Increased prevalence of brain tumors classified as T2 hyperintensities in neurofibromatosis 1.

Background We sought to define the radiologic features that differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic T2 hyperintensities (T2Hs) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and identify those lesions most likely to require oncologic surveillance. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all available brain MRIs from 68 children with NF1 (n = 190) and 46 healthy pediatric controls (n = 104). All T2Hs identified on MRI were characterized based on location, border, shape, degree of T1 hypointensity, and presence of mass effect or contrast enhancement, and subsequently classified using newly established radiologic criteria as either unidentified bright objects (UBOs) or probable tumors. Lesion classification was pathologically confirmed in 10 NF1 cases. Results T2Hs were a highly sensitive (94.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 86.4%–98.5%) and specific (100.0%; 95% CI 92.3%–100.0%) marker for the diagnosis of NF1. UBOs constituted the majority of T2Hs (82%) and were most frequently located in cerebellar white matter, medial temporal lobe, and thalamus, where they were more likely than probable tumors to be bilateral ( p p Conclusions With the implementation of standardized radiologic criteria, a high prevalence of brain tumors was identified in this at-risk population of children, of which nearly one-third required treatment, emphasizing the need for appropriate oncologic surveillance for patients with NF1 harboring nonoptic pathway brain tumors.
DIFFERENTIAL ALTERATION OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT IN NON-ADHERENT SPLEEN CELLS FROM CON-A STIMULATED MICE

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews differential alterations of membrane transport in non-adherent spleen cells from ConA-stimulated mice. A study described in the chapter compares membrane transport by spleen non-adherent cells from CD-I mice and from mice injected 24 h previously with ConA. To measure unidirectional flux over intervals as short as 4 s, the oil-microfuge technique was used. The transport assays were carried out at 37°C; at appropriate intervals, aliquots of the reaction mixture were layered onto silicone oil. The cells were centrifuged quantitatively through the oil phase into 10% perchloric acid by means of an Eppendorf microfuge. When incubation volumes of 0.2 ml containing 6.6 × 105 cells were centrifuged, only 50.1 nl of the medium volume cocentrifuged with the cells. No isotope penetrated the oil in the absence of cells. All (98–100%) of the cells could be recovered in the tip if 10% sucrose was substituted for 10% perchloric acid and dead cells did not pass through the oil. The viability of centrifuged and uncentrifuged cells was similar as judged by trypan blue exclusion.
Dynamical Problems of Baryogenesis

Above a certain temperature T c any non-Abelian gauge theory has a strongly-coupled sector, consisting of the three-dimensional magnetic gauge fields. We argue that in this sector the electroweak part of the standard model develops an entropy-dominated condensates of Z 2 strings, and that associated with those strings is a strongly-fluctuating Chern-Simons condensate driven by the strings’ linking, twisting, and writhing. (For SU(N) gauge groups with N≥3 there are links with trivalent vertices; these vertices also give rise to Chern-Simons fluctuations.) Similar phenomena happen for QCD; we discuss the effects of these, as well as QCD sphalerons, on baryogenesis. We outline an ongoing program, including study of the reaction of preexisting Chern-Simons condensates on the strings and sphalerons, and the problem of finding the non-perturbative electroweak free energy near the phase transition.
Linguistic and Situational Context in a Model of Task-Oriented Dialogue

In recent years, it has come to be widely accepted that linguistic and situational context must be used in understanding an utterance. It is not at all clear, however, how to represent such contextual information or what its precise role in the understanding process is. In fact, even the very nature of context remains problematic. In this paper, we look at task-oriented dialogue2 and propose some initial answers to these questions. Our answers take the form of several distinctions and structures, from which we draw some broad implications. The reader is cautioned that we intend our observations to be suggestive rather than in any way exhaustive. (See, for example, Grosz [4] for a different, but complementary, perspective on this problem.)
A Note on Hölderlin-Translation

I reflect on my own experience with translating Holderlin’s “Death of Empedocles.” I compare my experience to what we know about Holderlin’s experience of translating Sophocles. In this context, I review Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe’s wonderful book Metaphrasis and reflect on his notion of translation.
Constructing Fluid Ontology Space for Object–Property Management in the Biomedical Sciences

As biomedical data has continued to increase and be organized into domain-specific databases, ontologies, vocabularies, and nomenclatures have evolved semi-independently to facilitate subject identification and tagging for analytical purposes. This wide diversity of resources and databases can cause issues when attempting to comprehensively cover biomedical subjects. Here, we present our preliminary work in synthesizing such dictionaries into a comprehensible interface, which we call GNOMICS (Genomic Nomenclature Omnibus and Multifaceted Informatics and Computational Suite), as it originally covered genomic information and came to cover integrated biomedical data in a multifaceted manner.
Simplifying The Medicare Plan Finder Tool Could Help Older Adults Choose Lower-Cost Part D Plans.

Helping older adults make good plan choices is a persistent challenge of the Medicare prescription drug (Part D) program. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provides an internet-b...
Contextual Pricing for Lipschitz Buyers

We investigate the problem of learning a Lipschitz function from binary feedback. In this problem, a learner is trying to learn a Lipschitz function $f:[0,1]^d \rightarrow [0,1]$ over the course of $T$ rounds. On round $t$, an adversary provides the learner with an input $x_t$, the learner submits a guess $y_t$ for $f(x_t)$, and learns whether $y_t > f(x_t)$ or $y_t \leq f(x_t)$. The learner's goal is to minimize their total loss $\sum_t\ell(f(x_t), y_t)$ (for some loss function $\ell$). The problem is motivated by \textit{contextual dynamic pricing}, where a firm must sell a stream of differentiated products to a collection of buyers with non-linear valuations for the items and observes only whether the item was sold or not at the posted price. For the symmetric loss $\ell(f(x_t), y_t) = \vert f(x_t) - y_t \vert$, we provide an algorithm for this problem achieving total loss $O(\log T)$ when $d=1$ and $O(T^{(d-1)/d})$ when $d>1$, and show that both bounds are tight (up to a factor of $\sqrt{\log T}$). For the pricing loss function $\ell(f(x_t), y_t) = f(x_t) - y_t {\bf 1}\{y_t \leq f(x_t)\}$ we show a regret bound of $O(T^{d/(d+1)})$ and show that this bound is tight. We present improved bounds in the special case of a population of linear buyers.
Supporting Immigrant Families and Rural Schools: The Boundary-Spanning Possibilities of an Adult ESL Program.

Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the number of immigrant families moving to rural communities across the United States. Yet limited research exists that explores relationships betw...
Cross-Disciplinary Professional Development at Community Colleges

ABSTRACTCommunity college teaching is a complex endeavor requiring not only the mastery of disciplinary knowledge but also the pedagogical skills needed to serve this diverse population of students...
Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent ubiquitination and its clinical implications

ADP-ribosylation-the addition of one or multiple ADP-ribose units onto proteins-is a therapeutically important post-translational modification implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. The protein modification regulates a broad range of biological processes, including DNA repair, transcription, RNA metabolism, and the structural integrity of nonmembranous structures. The polymeric form of ADP-ribose, poly(ADP-ribose), was recently identified as a signal for triggering protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Using informatics analyses, we found that these ubiquitinated substrates tend to be low abundance proteins, which may serve as rate-limiting factors within signaling networks or metabolic processes. In this review, we summarize the current literature on poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU) regarding its biological mechanisms, substrates, and relevance to diseases.
Collaborative Topic Regression with Social Matrix Factorization for Recommendation Systems

Social network websites, such as Facebook, YouTube, Lastfm etc, have become a popular platform for users to connect with each other and share content or opinions. They provide rich information for us to study the influence of user's social circle in their decision process. In this paper, we are interested in examining the effectiveness of social network information to predict the user's ratings of items. We propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian model which jointly incorporates topic modeling and probabilistic matrix factorization of social networks. A major advantage of our model is to automatically infer useful latent topics and social information as well as their importance to collaborative filtering from the training data. Empirical experiments on two large-scale datasets show that our algorithm provides a more effective recommendation system than the state-of-the art approaches. Our results reveal interesting insight that the social circles have more influence on people's decisions about the usefulness of information (e.g., bookmarking preference on Delicious) than personal taste (e.g., music preference on Lastfm). We also examine and discuss solutions on potential information leak in many recommendation systems that utilize social information.
Abstract 1249: The role of PRMT5 in MYC-driven medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor, accounting for about 20% of all brain tumors in children. Children with Group 3 MB (aberrant MYC) show the worst prognosis, with Citation Format: Nagendra K. Chaturvedi, Varun Kesherwani, Matthew J. Kling, Sutapa Ray, Timothy R. McGuire, Shantaram S. Joshi, J. Graham Sharp, Don W. Coulter. The role of PRMT5 in MYC-driven medulloblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1249.
Gene Regulatory Network Inference with Evolution Strategies and Sparse Matrix Representation

Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) represent the functional interactions between genes, such as the expression of one gene enhancing the subsequent expression of another gene. GRNs can be inferred from observations of the expressions of various genes over time. This task is difficult, due to the complex interactions among collections of genes, as well as the inherent noise in the observable data. In realistic genomes with thousands of genes, millions of gene-pairs exist, although the actual number of possible interactions may be considerably smaller, since each gene may affect only a small number of other genes. This motivates the application of sparse learning algorithms for GRN inference. In particular, we explore evolutionary algorithms, and their applications with sparse matrix representations. Our approach can speed up the optimization process and find good solutions, uncovering the underlying GRNs. We study evolution strategies, particle swarm optimization, and a greedy algorithm, and compare their performance in terms of solution quality and computational effort required for GRN inference.
OrgMiner: A Framework for Discovering User-Related Process Intelligence from Event Logs

Process Intelligence refers to the extraction and analysis of valuable knowledge nuggets embedded in business process instances/event logs or enterprise applications, for the purpose of supporting various decision-making processes. Researchers and practitioners mine such event logs using Process Mining and Analytics (PMA) techniques that help analyze business processes across three perspectives: control flow, organization, and data. While previous PMA studies have made advances toward the control flow and data flow perspectives, there is limited research toward the organizational perspective of process intelligence. In this study, we propose an organizational mining framework, OrgMiner, that supports constructing organizational models from event logs. The framework utilizes the notion of behavioral patterns, which rely on the weak order relations appearing in event logs. The various modules and knowledge elements in the framework are described in detail. The components of the framework support identifying, selecting, and applying behavioral patterns using different metrics for organizational mining purposes. The derived organizational models can be used to support decision making in scenarios such as task assignment, resource allocation, as well as role-based access control. Compared to extant studies, the proposed approach does not assume prior availability of explicit process models. Additionally, the process patterns presented in this study can be used as building blocks, so that researchers and practitioners can use them directly or extend them further to identify complex organizational processes. A case study is presented to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the OrgMiner framework.
Detection of trace elements in children and its clinical value

While only in minute quantities in the body, trace elements are crucial co-factors and regulators of normal metabolism. Commonly tested elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper. Imbalance or deficiencies in trace elements can cause growth retardation, malnutrition, immune malfunction and other abnormalities in children. Because these elements are in trace amounts, sensitivity and reproducibility of detection methods are of paramount importance. Different methods for the same element can yield different reference intervals, which, in order to be applied in the clinic, would have to be independently established by individual laboratories. Clearly defined indications and good quality control to ensure accuracy and sensitivity are necessary for the measurement of trace elements to provide objective reference for clinical diagnosis.(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39: 240-242) Key words: Trace elments; Reference values; Child
Emergency department utilization following pediatric gastrostomy tube placement is driven by a small cohort of patients.

Abstract Purpose Pediatric gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) are associated with frequent postoperative problems and consumption of healthcare resources. We hypothesized that a small cohort of patients disproportionately drives healthcare resource utilization after G-tube insertion. This study aimed to characterize this population in order to implement evidence-based pathways to reduce healthcare utilization after G-tube insertion. Methods All surgically placed pediatric G-tubes at a quaternary care center between March 2011 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Healthcare utilization including radiographic studies, emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions, procedures, and diagnoses was abstracted. Encounter specific charges based on CPT codes were collected. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann Whitney U, Fisher's Exact Test, and multivariate nominal logistic regression. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results During the study period, 189 patients underwent G-tube insertion; 24% of patients presented to the ED two or more times and accounted for 82% of ED visits. This cohort of high ED utilizers was more likely to present with G-tube dislodgement [both within the first three months (early) and after three months (late)], required more radiographic studies, and accrued significantly more charges compared to low ED utilizers. Multivariate analyses demonstrated high ED utilization was significantly associated with non-Caucasian race and the surgeon performing the procedure. Conclusions At our institution, a significant proportion of healthcare utilization following G-tube placement is consumed by a relatively small cohort of children. Future efforts will target patients with two or more G-tube related ED visits or an early G-tube dislodgement for additional education and integration with outpatient resources. Type of study Retrospective study. Level of evidence Level II.