cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
4 – Differential Diagnosis

Publisher Summary Shifts in terminology, increases in the prevalence estimates of ASD, early identification, and interest in the assessment of adults with ASD have been key characteristics in recent decades of research. This chapter focuses on etiological issues, prevalence estimates, lifespan development, differentially diagnosing within the spectrum, comorbid psychopathology and differential diagnoses, and current assessment methods available to assist in the diagnosis of ASD. There are two key factors that have inspired and influenced efforts to reliably diagnose ASD in very young children. The first is the belief that the earlier one can identify a child with developmental difficulties, the earlier one can provide treatment. A second factor is that many parents of children with autism report that they noticed changes in their child’s behavior between 1 and 2 years of age. However, careful clinical interviewing, including a detailed developmental history, and the use of empirically based measures are critical. Some disorders mimic symptoms and/or features of ASD such as intellectual deficits, language problems, tics, feeding problems, sleeping problems, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity, and further complexity is added when comorbidity is considered. The chapter also provides an overview of measures (i.e., interviews, observation systems, clinician-rated scales, and informant-rated scales) used to assess and diagnose ASD. It includes measures that are more commonly used as well as some newly developed measures. Although most are developed for the assessment of children, some are designed for assessing adults.
Should I Stay or Should I Flow: HSCs Are on the Move!

Summary Stem cell biologists have been yearning to visualize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in live animals since Kiel et al. (2005) first visualized them in bone cavities. With two recent papers from Christodoulou et al. (2020) and Upadhaya et al. (2020) , we can all now see how HSCs behave in their niches!
A Low-Power, Digitally-Controlled, Multi-Stable, CMOS Analog Memory Circuit

This paper presents a digitally-controlled, CMOS analog memory circuit that provides several analog stable operating points based on the laddered inverter quantizer (LIQAF) circuit. Two input digital pulses set the stored analog level by moving the stable operating point up or down through charging or discharging the output node, respectively. The proposed circuit achieves its stable operating levels through nonlinear, continuoustime feedback using only a single supply voltage. We present SPICE simulation results for an 8-level version of the multistable circuit in a 65 nm CMOS process. The results demonstrate that the proposed circuit can operate at low-power consumption from a wide range of supply voltages with robust operation across process and temperature variations. The proposed circuit has the potential to be integrated into the grid array of analog neural networks.
Functional Equations in Secondary Mathematics.

FUNCTIONS nowadays receive con siderable emphasis in secondary mathe matics. Students know that a function is a correspondence between two sets, that the sets need not consist of numbers, and that even if they do, the correspondence need not arise from an algebraic rule. Likewise, the f{x) notation is familiar. Yet in practice most functions in the curriculum are traditional algebraic rela tionships, for example, f{x)= Sx + 2. Thus many students conclude that func tions and formulas are pretty much the same after all. Also, they come to regard f(x) as just an unnecessarily fancy name for y. The importance of functions over and above formulas and also the value of function notation can be made clear if one adopts the viewpoint that the signif icance of functions often lies in the nice properties they possess. Consider the log arithm function (any base). It has no formula, and yet we continue to use it because it has an extremely nice prop erty, namely, it turns multiplication into addition. More precisely, in order to obtain the logarithm of a product, it suf fices to add the logarithms of the factors. Using function notation, this can be stated very simply:
Polymer, additives, and processing effects on N95 filter performance

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for personal protective equipment, specifically filtering facepiece respirators like N95 masks While it is common knowledge that polypropylene (PP) is the industry standard material for filtration media, trial and error is often required to identify suitable commercial precursors for filtration media production This work aims to identify differences between several commercial grades of PP and demonstrate the development of N95 filtration media with the intent that the industry partners can pivot and help address N95 shortages Three commercial grades of high melt flow index PP were melt blown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and broadly characterized by several methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and neutron scattering Despite the apparent similarities (high melt flow and isotacticity) between PP feedstocks, the application of corona charging and charge enhancing additives improve each material to widely varying degrees From the analysis performed here, the most differentiating factor appears to be related to crystallization of the polymer and the resulting electret formation Materials with higher crystallization onset temperatures, slower crystallization rates, and larger number of crystallites form a stronger electret and are more effective at filtration © XXXX American Chemical Society
International Collective Action in Health: Objectives, Functions, and Rationale

To improve the performance of international health organisations, their essential functions must be agreed. This paper develops a framework to discuss these essential functions. Two groups are identified: core functions and supportive functions. Core functions transcend the sovereignty of any one nation state, and include promotion of international public goods (eg., research and development), and surveillance and control of international externalities (eg., environmental risks and spread of pathogens). Supportive functions deal with problems that take place within individual countries, but which may justify collective action at international level owing to shortcomings in national health systems — such as helping the dispossessed (eg., victims of human rights violations) and technical cooperation and development financing. Core functions serve all countries, whereas supportive functions assist countries with greater needs. Focus on essential functions appropriate to their mandate will better prepare international health organisations to define their roles, eg. for WHO to focus on core functions and for the World Bank to focus on supportive ones.
Platinum(II) alkyl complexes of chelating dibridgehead diphosphines P((CH2)n)3P (n = 14, 18, 22); facile cis/trans isomerizations interconverting gyroscope and parachute like adducts.

The gyroscope like dichloride complexes trans-Pt(Cl)2(P((CH2)n)3P) (trans-2; n = c, 14; e, 18; g, 22) and MeLi (2 equiv.) react to yield the parachute like dimethyl complexes cis-Pt(Me)2(P((CH2)n)3P) (cis-4c,e,g, 70–91%). HCl (1 equiv.) and cis-4c react to give cis-Pt(Cl)(Me)(P((CH2)14)3P) (cis-5c, 83%), which upon stirring with silica gel or crystallization affords trans-5c (89%). Similar reactions of HCl and cis-4e,g give cis/trans-5e,g mixtures that upon stirring with silica gel yield trans-5e,g. A parallel sequence with trans-2c/EtLi gives cis-Pt(Et)2(P((CH2)14)3P) (cis-6c, 85%) but subsequent reaction with HCl affords trans-Pt(Cl)(Et)(P((CH2)14)3P) (trans-7c, 45%) directly. When previously reported cis-Pt(Ph)2(P((CH2)14)3P) is treated with HCl (1 equiv.), cis- and trans-Pt(Cl)(Ph)(P((CH2)14)3P) are isolated (44%, 29%), with the former converting to the latter at 100 °C. Reactions of trans-5c and LiBr or NaI afford the halide complexes trans-Pt(X)(Me)(P((CH2)14)3P) (trans-9c, 88%; trans-10c, 87%). Thermolyses and DFT calculations that include acyclic model compounds establish trans > cis stabilities for all except the dialkyl complexes, for which energies can be closely spaced. The σ donor strengths of the non-phosphine ligands are assigned key roles in the trends. The crystal structures of cis-4c, trans-5c, trans-7c, and trans-10c are determined and analyzed together with the computed structures.
Adiabatic behavior of an elliptical vortex in a time-dependent external strain flow

When vortex patches are subjected to externally imposed strain flows where the strain rate grows slowly in time, the system approximately preserves an adiabatic invariant related to oscillatory elliptical deformations of the vortices. Formulae are derived for the breaking of this invariant with respect to the rate and functional form of the strain ramp. The analytical results are compared to experimental data acquired using magnetized pure electron plasmas, which provide a close laboratory realization of the motion of two-dimensional ideal vortices.
Virgil in the Renaissance

Introduction Part I. Publication: 1. Virgil with an i Part II. Reputation: 2. Patronage and the Eclogues 3. Variety and the Georgics 4. Morals and minimalism Part III. Interpretation: 5. Virgil's Odyssey 6. Virgil's Iliad Epilogue Appendix A. Virgil commentaries (alphabetical) Appendix B. Virgil commentaries (ranked).
Cloning, Expression and Refolding of the Metacaspase Scp3 of Schizophyllum commune in Brewer's Yeast and E. coli

Metacaspases are Arg/Lys specific heterodimeric peptidases that are composed of a p10 and a p20 subunit that induce cell death cascades in fungi, plants and protozoa, making them novel drug-targets. The fungus Schizophyllum commune contains five genes that code for metacaspases, of which only one, Scp3, has been expressed completely in Escherichia coli. Our overall aim is to produce soluble, active Scp3, however the Scp3 expressed in E. coli has been insoluble and inactive, compelling us to investigate a variety of different methods of expression. Homologous caspase proteins have been successfully produced via expression of the individual p10 and p20 subunits, that are then unfolded, combined and refolded into the active protein. Both subunits have already been cloned into the expression vector, pQE80/82(Qiagen), p20 expression was successful, and expression of p10 is underway in E. coli. In a parallel project we are attempting to express the full-length Scp3 in E. coli and yeast. The full scp3 gene has b...
Multicultural Education and the Internet: Intersections and Integrations

This brief, affordable book focuses on the Internet's ability to help facilitate multicultural ideals of inclusive, interactive, and collaborative teaching and learning. The first section covers practical strategies for using the Internet to supplement multicultural teaching practices and will list existing Internet resources with annotations. The second section provides detailed chapter-length lists of Internet resources such as ESL and bilingual sites, subject-specific multicultural sites, lesson plan sites, online journals, and more. Screen shots, site explanations from site creators, and short case essays by teachers who have used the Internet successfully in multicultural teaching practice expand each chapter. Table of contents Foreword by Christine Sleeter Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The Multiculturality of the Internet Chapter 3: The Digital Divide Chapter 4: Progressive Pedagogy and the InternetChapter 5: Web Integration and Multicultural Curriculum TransformationChapter 6: Bridges and Dialogues: Online Networking for Educators Chapter 7: Forging Communities for Educational Change with Email Discussion Groups Chapter 8: Evaluating Educational Web Sites: A Multicultural Approach Chapter 9: Digging through the Dirt: Locating Useful Multicultural Resources Online Chapter 10: A Guide to Existing Resources: General Chapter 11: A Guide to Existing Resources: Subject-SpecificChapter 12: A Guide to Online Resources: Issues and Topics in Multicultural Education
The Ketogenic Diet Alters the Hypoxic Response and Affects Expression of Proteins Associated with Angiogenesis, Invasive Potential and Vascular Permeability in a Mouse Glioma Model

Background The successful treatment of malignant gliomas remains a challenge despite the current standard of care, which consists of surgery, radiation and temozolomide. Advances in the survival of brain cancer patients require the design of new therapeutic approaches that take advantage of common phenotypes such as the altered metabolism found in cancer cells. It has therefore been postulated that the high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate protein ketogenic diet (KD) may be useful in the treatment of brain tumors. We have demonstrated that the KD enhances survival and potentiates standard therapy in a mouse model of malignant glioma, yet the mechanisms are not fully understood.
Beyond Tolerance: Same-Sex Marriage and the American Professional Class

Numerous opinion polls in 2011 recorded a first for the United States: a slim but measurable majority of Americans now supports same‐sex marriage, the contemporary leading edge issue of LGBT rights in the country. Polls from CNN, ABC News/Washington Post, Gallup and Pew all recorded the same milestone which was in turn reported prominently by all major media outlets. The country seems to be catching up to where social elites have been for some years. A Boston Globe poll found that as early as 2005 a plurality of persons with advanced degrees supported same‐sex marriage. Higher levels of education exhibit some of the strongest associations with support for same‐sex marriage, and social scientific analysis shows that education is one of the most robust variables for explaining individual views on homosexuality. Aggregate data on US state‐level marriage referenda likewise indicate the strong role played by levels of education.
Transport of the glutathione-methylmercury complex across liver canalicular membranes on reduced glutathione carriers

Methylmercury transport across liver canalicular membranes into bile, a major route of excretion of this toxic compound, is dependent upon intracellular GSH, and a glutathione-methylmercury complex (CH3Hg.SG) has been detected in liver tissue and bile. To examine whether the CH3Hg.SG complex is itself transported across the canalicular membrane and to identify the transport system involved, studies were performed in isolated rat liver canalicular plasma membrane vesicles. Uptake of CH3(203)Hg.SG (10 microM) into an osmotically active space was temperature-sensitive and unaffected by either ATP (5 mM) or an inwardly directed Na+ gradient (100 mM); however, CH3Hg.SG uptake was enhanced by a valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potential (inside-positive) indicating that its transport was electrogenic. Transport of CH3Hg.SG exhibited saturation kinetics with both high affinity (Km = 12 +/- 2 microM, Vmax = 0.23 +/- 0.02 nmol.mg-1.20 s-1) and low affinity (Km = 1.47 +/- 0.22 mM, Vmax = 1.23 +/- 0.14 nmol.mg-1.20 s-1) components. Uptake of this complex was inhibited by GSH, the GSH analog ophthalmic acid, S-methyl, S-ethyl, S-butyl, S-hexyl, S-octyl, and S-dinitrophenyl glutathione, but not by GSSG, bile acids, amino acids, and P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Furthermore, GSH competitively inhibited (Ki = 83 microM) and trans-stimulated CH3Hg.SG uptake into the canalicular vesicles. These studies provide the first kinetic characterization of a transport system for glutathione-mercaptides and indicate that CH3Hg.SG is not a substrate for the ATP-dependent, canalicular GSSG or glutathione S-conjugate carriers, but appears to be a substrate for canalicular carriers that also transport GSH. Because efflux systems for GSH are found in all mammalian cells, transport of glutathione-metal complexes by such carriers may be a common mechanism for the removal of methylmercury and possibly other metals from cells.
Use and impact of a computer-generated patient summary worksheet for primary care.

Advanced clinical information systems have been proposed to improve patient care in terms of safety, effectiveness, and efficiency. In order to be effective, such systems require detailed patient-specific clinical information in a form easily reviewed by clinicians. We have developed a patient summary worksheet for use in outpatient clinics, which presents a structured overview of patient health information. The worksheet provides patient demographic information, specific problems and conditions, the patient’s current medication profile, laboratory test results pertinent to patient problems, and disease-specific or preventive care actionable advisories. Usage has grown from a few hundred to over 25,000 unique patients per month during a two-year period. Diabetic patients for whom the worksheet is accessed are significantly more likely to be in compliance with accepted testing regimens for glycosolated hemoglobin (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28, 1.61).
Exploring assumptions about child neglect in relation to the broader field of child maltreatment

Research on child neglect is reviewed as it relates to common assumptions in the field, the broader context of research on child maltreatment and trends within the larger society. Overall, while child Research on child neglect is reviewed as it relates to common assumptions in the field, the broader context of research on child maltreatment and trends within the larger society. Overall, while child neglect is the type of maltreatment most frequently reported to and acted on by official agencies, its proportion of all maltreatment in the general population is comparatively smaller. The issue.of "neglect of neglect" is placed within the larger framework of the low priority of research on child maltreatment in general. While research shows that all forms of child maltreatment are associated with devastating consequences for children, child physical neglect has the most profound effects on cognitive functioning and academic achievement, while child physical abuse has the most serious effects on aggression and subsequent violent behavior. Child emotional neglect, sexual and physical abuse have similarly grave effects on psychopathology, in contrast to child physical neglect which is associated with the least adverse consequences. These findings are discussed within the framework of research on the neurodevelopmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Research on the causes of child neglect, in particular as they relate to the perpetrators, points to a distressing "cycle of neglect." Finally, suggestions for breaking this cycle and keeping our children safe are discussed.
Genomics and medicine at a crossroads in chernobyl

As workers begin construction of a new containment structure at the Chernobyl nuclear energy plant, research to study the effects of radiation exposure will benefit the Chernobyl community and the general public.
Event-based data collection engine for serious games

Games with a purpose other than entertainment can be called Serious Games. In this paper, we describe a generic event-based Data Collection Engine (DCE) that has been developed for Serious Games on the Unity Game Engine. Further, we describe a framework that allows for the manipulation and feedback of the collected data back into the game in real-time. The player experiences the visuals, sounds and the game itself that is streamed over the web. The player engages with an enriching, multimedia experience allowing him/her to be immersed in the game. By suitably designing the serious game we could determine the behavior of the player in real world under the given scenario or other scenarios. The DCE is optimized to collect relevant data streamed online without affecting the performance of the game. Also, the DCE is highly flexible and can be setup to collect data for any game developed on the Unity Engine.
Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in Special Education—From Intent to Acquiescence

Evaluations of individualized education programs (IEPs) over the past decade have pointed to an inoperative IEP process and a questionable document. A three-phased review of data-based research and position papers from 1975 to 1989 reveals a history of IEP inadequacies and passive compliance. These findings are in contrast to the original intent and spirit of Public Law 94–142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). Implications for special education policy and practice have not been considered. Recommendations include a reexamination of the IEP in the context of the current special education reform debate.
Transcriptional Repression by the SMRT-mSin3 Corepressor: Multiple Interactions, Multiple Mechanisms, and a Potential Role for TFIIB

A variety of eukaryotic transcription factors, including the nuclear hormone receptors, Max-Mad, BCL-6, and PLZF, appear to mediate transcriptional repression through the ability to recruit a multiprotein corepressor complex to the target promoter. This corepressor complex includes the SMRT/N-CoR polypeptides, mSin3A or -B, and histone deacetylase 1 or 2. The presence of a histone-modifying activity in the corepressor complex has led to the suggestion that gene silencing is mediated by modification of the chromatin template, perhaps rendering it less accessible to the transcriptional machinery. We report here, however, that the corepressor complex actually appears to exhibit multiple mechanisms of transcriptional repression, only one of which corresponds with detectable recruitment of the histone deacetylase. We provide evidence instead of an alternative pathway of repression that may be mediated by direct physical interactions between components of the corepressor complex and the general transcription factor TFIIB.
An extent of resection threshold for newly diagnosed glioblastomas.

Object The value of extent of resection (EOR) in improving survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains controversial. Specifically, it is unclear what proportion of contrast-enhancing tumor must be resected for a survival advantage and how much survival improves beyond this threshold. The authors attempt to define these values for the patient with newly diagnosed GBM in the modern neurosurgical era. Methods The authors identified 500 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with supratentorial GBM treated at the University of California, San Francisco between 1997 and 2009. Clinical, radiographic, and outcome parameters were measured for each case, including MR imaging–based volumetric tumor analysis. Results The patients had a median age of 60 years and presented with a median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80. The mean clinical follow-up period was 15.3 months, and no patient was unaccounted for. All patients underwent resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy....
Improving nutrition security through agriculture: an analytical framework based on national food balance sheets to estimate nutritional adequacy of food supplies

An analytical framework is described for assessing the nutritional adequacy of national food supplies and the potential for addressing micronutrient gaps by increased crop production and crop diversity. The micronutrient contents of national food supplies of three countries (Bangladesh, Senegal, and Cameroon) were estimated using data from national food balance sheets. Population-adjusted nutrient requirements and identified nutrient short-falls, defined as not meeting the requirements of at least 80 % of the population, were also estimated. Linear programming models were used to determine a mix of crops that could meet the gaps the deficits of several nutrients while minimizing the use of additional agricultural land. Out of eight micronutrients included in the present analysis, six were identified as inadequate in Bangladesh and Senegal (vitamins A and C, riboflavin, folate, calcium, and zinc) and three were inadequate in Cameroon (vitamin A, calcium, and zinc). Adequacy of vitamins A and C could be met by increasing production of a few crops that are particularly dense in these nutrients (e.g., carrots or guava), which would necessitate only a small addition of agricultural land. Folate adequacy could be improved with increased production of legumes and green leafy vegetables, but with a greater requirement for agricultural land. Some micronutrient gaps, however, would probably have to be met by other means, such as enhanced livestock production, food fortification, biofortification, or imports. Despite the limitations of agriculture to meet the entire nutrient needs of a population, agricultural policy should consider the potential to improve nutrient adequacy with the crops currently available and by crop diversification.
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Iron-Sulfur World and Its Relevance to Life's Origins

ABSTRACT The significance of Wachtershauser's iron-sulfur world to the origin of life and the limits to its notional autocatalytic cycles are examined in kinetic simulations of the chain polymerization sequence The simulations were run for the formation of all oligomers up to the 20-mer over a 1 Gy interval from the end of the period of heavy bombardment, during which period life emerged. Upper-limit rate constant estimates developed from the studies of Huber and Wachtershauser were employed. The simulations showed that oligomer production consistent with life's start within that interval emerges only with an autocatalyst exhibiting a catalytic proficiency comparable to that of contemporary enzymes. The simulations, moreover, ignored likely thermodynamic and statistical burdens which, if included, would have led to the need for catalytic capacities well in excess of those in present-day enzymes. Prebiotic oligomers with such levels of activity are clearly not likely, and it is apparent that the iron-sulfu...
Modification of second-sphere communication, leading to an unusually high abundance of the head-to-head conformer of cisplatin cross-link retro models

Rapid atropisomerization of cisplatin−DNA cross-link models, cis-PtA2G2 (A2 = two amines or a diamine, G = guanine derivative, bold font indicating a guanine not linked to another guanine), makes their NMR spectra uninformative. The conformers [two head-to-tail (ΔHT and ΛHT) conformers, one head-to-head (HH) conformer] are detected in (CCC)PtG2 retro models (CCC = chirality-controlling chelates designed to reduce rotation around the G N7 to Pt bond by destabilizing the transition state). Clear trends are found with four CCC ligands, 2,2‘-bipiperidine (Bip) and N,N‘-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane (each with S,R,R,S and R,S,S,R configurations at the chelate ring N, C, C, and N atoms, respectively). S,R,R,S ligands favor left-handed G base canting and the ΛHT form; R,S,S,R ligands favor right-handed canting and the ΔHT form. The HH conformer is normally negligible unless G = 5‘-GMP. However, understanding this 5‘-phosphate effect is complicated by possible interligand interactions of the 5‘-phosphate with the N1...
Traumatic Brain Injury and Sleep Disorders

Sleep disturbance is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Insomnia, fatigue, and sleepiness are the most frequent post-TBI sleep complaints with narcolepsy (with or without cataplexy), sleep apnea (obstructive or central), periodic limb movement disorder, and parasomnias occurring less commonly. In addition, depression, anxiety, and pain are common TBI comorbidities with substantial influence on sleep quality. Diagnosis of sleep disorders after TBI may involve polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, or actigraphy. Treatment is disorder-specific and includes the use of medications, continuous positive airway pressure, or behavioral modifications. Unfortunately, treatment of sleep disorders associated with TBI often does not improve sleepiness or neuropsychologic function.
Energy transfer: Vibronic coherence unveiled

Pigment assemblies with high-efficiency electronic energy transfer have recently been observed to show unusual and persistent coherence, but its origin is not fully understood. Now, a combination of 2D electronic spectroscopy and theoretical modelling has allowed the excitonic coherence signal of a strongly coupled homodimer to be isolated.
Effect of lanthanum on catecholamine release from adrenal medulla

Abstract The first exposure of isolated bovine adrenals to lanthanum (0.5 mM) causes a marked catecholamine release. Subsequent exposure of the glands to lanthanum (0.5 mM) causes very little catecholamine release but does inhibit the response to acetylcholine by 74% and the response to potassium by 44%. Calcium mobilization by lanthanum probably explains the release upon the initial exposure of adrenals to lanthanum. Inhibition of calcium entry into the medullary cells by lanthanum may explain the inhibition of acetylcholine-induced or potassium-induced catecholamine release.
Translocation (3;21;8)(q21;q22;q22) in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of prognostic indicators

Abstract We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and t(3;21;8)(q21;q22;q22). This translocation has not been previously described in de novo or relapsed AML. The patient is a 25-year-old woman who presented with WBC 6.2 × 10 9 /L, Hgb 10.2 g/dL, Hct 28.4%, and platelets 67 × 10 9 /L. A bone marrow biopsy revealed a 70% hematopoietic cellularity with 65% blasts. Immunophenotyping showed aberrant expression of lymphoid-associated marker CD19. Cytogenetic analysis on a 72-hour culture of bone marrow cells supplemented with conditioned media was evaluated by G-banding at about the 400-band level. The patient's age, cytogenetics, WBC, and immunophenotype at diagnosis would seem to suggest a favorable prognosis, according to previous studies of prognostic indicators. She was treated with induction and consolidation chemotherapy, followed by myeloablative conditioning and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT). Despite multiple favorable prognostic factors, the patient relapsed 7 months after PBSCT. Translocation of chromosomes 8 and 21 is common in AML and is generally considered a good prognostic factor. We suspect that the effect of the 3q21 translocation in an otherwise favorable translocation of chromosomes 8 and 21 may be responsible for this patient's early relapse.
Evaluation of Analytic Estimates of Ventricular Wall Stress Using the Finite Element Method

The importance of ventricular wall stress to cardiac function has been well-documented [1, 2], although accurate quantification remains a challenge. In this study, three popular analytic formulas for estimating circumferential wall stress were comprehensively evaluated to identify the conditions for which their use may be appropriate. In particular, the equations of Laplace [3], Mirsky [4], and Janz [5] are commonly used in the fields of cardiology and echocardiography; despite the inaccuracy of key theoretical assumptions, they have been attractive for their simplicity. For validation, we employed specialized finite element methods, developed specifically for cardiac mechanics applications [6], to compute regional wall stress in a series of model chambers having systematically varying geometric and material complexity. We limited our analysis to circumferential stress for consistency with the theoretical equations, and because of its relevance to cardiac mechanics.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Leadership in the World’s Third Oldest Profession: Keynote Speech to the American Society of Civil Engineers Leadership Breakfast, October 19, 2012

AbstractGeorge J. Pierson, the recipient of the Parcel-Sverdrup Award for Leadership in Engineering, reflects on the contributions of civil engineers throughout history and argues that to remain relevant, civil engineers must embrace their rightful role as leaders in the ongoing advancement of society.
Thermophysical Property Measurements on Mold Materials: Thermal Expansion and Density

In order to optimize casting processes, computational models of solidification have proven to be very valuable to foundrymen. It is experimentally proven that the casting defects are primarily related to mold properties. During the eutectic growth the temperature rises, which is commonly referred to as recalescence. This has a strong effect on the mold walls, and mold wall movement can occur. The huge pressures generated at this time can block voids if mold is rigid. In green sand molds the moisture content will be reduced and mold wall will expand easily. According to previous research results, a distribution of thermophysical properties of the mold in the mold cavity, and the movement (expansion or contraction) of the mold and the metal interface are crucial for formation of many defects. The thermal expansion and bulk density of selected mold materials (olivine sand and zircon sand) and silica sand cores in transient regimes were determined in this study using a computer-controlled dual-pushrod dilatometer.
Regional blood flow responses to hypoxia and exercise in altitude-adapted rats.

Regional blood flow, determined as the fractional distribution of 137Cs, was measured at rest and during swimming exercise in control rats raised at sea level and in rats altitude-adapted by exposure to a barometric pressure of 440 mmHg for approximately 6 weeks. During both normoxic and hypoxic (11% O2) resting conditions, the altitude-adapted rats exhibited regional distributions of blood flow that differed significantly from those in the control animals. During normoxic and hypoxic swimming, significant redistributions of blood flow were noted in the control animals compared to the resting conditions. Ventricular, diaphragmatic, and working muscle blood flows were increased at the expense of the renal and splanchnic circulations, with a more marked redistribution during the hypoxic swims. Similar redistributions of blood flow were exhibited by the exercising altitude-adapted rats, except that renal and hepatic perfusion was maintained at a significantly higher level during both the normoxic and hypoxic swims. Blood lactate concentrations in control rats during hypoxic exercise were strikingly increased, suggesting that the lactate metabolizing ability of the liver and kidneys was impaired. In the altitude-adapted rats, however, blood lactate levels after exercise were significantly lower than those observed in the control animals. It is suggested that the degree of polycythemia may have determined the magnitude of the blood flow redistribution and the extent of lactate metabolism impairment.
Towards Ultra-low Power Wearable Health Sensing with Sparse Sampling and Asymmetric Communication

Wearable sensors offer tremendous opportunities for accelerating biomedical discovery, and improving population-scale health and wellness. There is a growing appetite for health analytics -- we are no longer content with wearables that count steps and calories, we want to measure physiology, behavior, activities, cognition, affect, and other parameters with the expectation that such data will lead to deep insights that can improve quality of life.But a chasm separates expectations and reality. How do we extract such insights from sensor platforms with tiny energy budgets? How do we communicate high-rate sensor data to the cloud for enabling deep analytics while operating within these energy budgets? How do we deal with noise, confounders, and artifacts that make insights hard to extract from signals collected in real-world settings?In this talk, I will discuss a few strategies to tackle these problems. I will discuss how we can design an low-power computational eyeglass that continually tracks eye and visual context by leveraging sparsity, how we can transfer data at Megabits/second from wearables while operating at tens of micro-watts of power, and how we can leverage these techniques in the context of mobile health.
The rhetorical criticism of non‐oratorical works

RHETORICAL ANALYSES OF LITERARY WORKS. Edited by Edward P. J. Corbett. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969; pp. xxviii+272. Paper $3.50.
DNA-conductive polymer blends for applications in biopolymer-based field effect transistors (FETs)

This paper demonstrates the use of DNA based biopolymers as semiconducting thin films in organic field effect transistors. The "doping" of the DNA molecules with conductive polymers leads to a significant decrease of the overall resistivity in the blend with effective free charge carrier mobilities comparable to other conductive polymers such as Pentacene and P3HT. Baytron P as well as single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been explored as "doping" conductive polymers.
Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina to Mature Plant Tissues of Alfalfa and White Clover

Macrophomina phaseolina has been observed on alfalfa and white clover in North America, but its pathogenicity to mature plants of these species has not been adequately documented and Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled. Isolates of M. phaseolina from alfalfa and white clover were evaluated for pathogenicity by inoculating tissues of mature plants with infested toothpick pieces. Excised leaf tissues also were inoculated with mycelium. In stolons of white clover and stems of alfalfa, M. phaseolina caused a brown-black, basipetally progressive necrosis of vascular tissue with subsequent collapse of the surrounding pith and epidermis to produce radially constricted, expanding lesions. In taproots and crowns of alfalfa, M. phaseolina caused dark discoloration of vascular tissues in bands or streaks above and below inoculation points with subsequent invasion and death of cortical tissues, lateral roots, and stems. Sclerotia formed in all tissues of both species. Excised leaf tissues were rapidly parasitized, but significant differences in rates of parasitism between genotypes suggested that differences in host resistance to M. phaseolina may be present in both species. Pycnidia formed on leaves of bean, lima bean, and cotton. All isolates of M. phaseolina were reisolated from margins of necrosis in all types of inoculated tissues and regrown in pure culture. These results fulfill Koch's postulates for M. phaseolina as a pathogen of mature white clover and alfalfa in North America, and they demonstrate its capacity to parasitize a variety of tissues of both species in the absence of other pathogens. Results indicate that M. phaseolina should be considered a potential cause for lack of persistence of white clover and alfalfa during summer months in the southeastern United States.
Generality of oestrogen stimulation of peroxidase activity in growth responsive tissues

OVER 20 years ago, Stotz et al.1 reported that administration of oestrogen to rats effected an increase in the peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 7) activity of the uterus. Subsequently, this stimulation of uterine peroxidase activity was attributed to an influx of eosinophils into the tissue2. More recent evidence, both biochemical3–5 and histochemical6–7, clearly indicates a uterine origin for the enzyme. On the basis of histochemical peroxidase assays, we proposed that peroxidase may be a useful marker protein response elicited by oestrogen in those rat tissues, like uterus8, vagina8 and mammary tumour9, whose growth is regulated by oestrogen. Recent data10 on the dose and steroid dependence of rat uterine peroxidase induction also supports this proposition. To be a meaningful marker for the effect of oestrogen on growth responsive tissues, the peroxidase induction should be demonstrable in animals other than the rat and should show a reasonable tissue specificity. This communication reports on the generality and specificity of oestrogen regulation of peroxidase activity.
Practical and effective symbolic analysis for buffer overflow detection

Although buffer overflow detection has been studied for more than 20 years, it is still the most common source of security vulnerabilities in systems code. Different approaches using symbolic analysis have been proposed to detect this vulnerability. However, existing symbolic analysis techniques are either too complex to scale to millions of lines of code (MLOC), or too simple to effectively handle loops and complex program structures.In this paper, we present a novel symbolic analysis algorithm for buffer overflow detection that applies simple rules to solve relevant control and data dependencies. Our approach is path-sensitive and effectively handles loops and complex program structures. Scalability is achieved by using a simple symbolic value representation, filtering out irrelevant dependencies in symbolic value computation and computing symbolic values on demand.Evaluation of our approach shows that it is both practical and effective:the analysis runs over 8.6 MLOC of the OpenSolarisTM Operating system/Networking (ON)codebase in 11 minutes and finds hundreds of buffer overflows with a false positive rate of less than 10%.
Marketing participatory ergonomics: current trends and methods to enhance organizational effectiveness

New philosophies and practices are emerging in organizations which are designed, developed and operated using employee participation and involvement. A number of forces for change, both organizational and environmental, have come into focus and which appear to be directly related to the employment of participatory management techniques. In order for an organization to become and remain effective, it must be able to change and adapt to these forces. Participative management is described as the process of moving information, knowledge, rewards and power to lower organizational levels. This approach serves to alter the very nature of the work itself and directly impacts the jobs of everyone concerned. A contingency model of participation is advocated based upon the notion that no one approach will be effective in all situations, but that most approaches can be effective under a given set of conditions. Selection of the proper approach is essential, and it becomes incumbent upon the ergonomist to be able to i...
Himmlisches Haus und irdische Bleibe: Eschatologische Metaphorik in Antike und Christentum

Bei der sprachlichen Darstellung eschatologischer Themen scheinen Metaphern, die auf raumlichen Kategorien aufruhen, eine bevorzugte Rolle zu spielen. Das wird in vier Schritten an ausgewahlten Texten aus Antike und fruhem Christentum, die es in irgendeiner Weise mit der ‘Behausung’ zu tun haben, gezeigt. In der Alkestis des Euripides spiegelt die Anlage des Hades den Lebensraum der Oberwelt wieder. Platon schafft im Phaidon einen eigenen Weltenraum, um seine These von der Unsterblichkeit der Seele zu illustrieren. In Joh 14 bedarf unter anderem das Verhaltnis der ‘vielen Bleiben’ in 14.2 zum ‘Bleibe Nehmen’ von Vater und Sohn beim Glaubenden in 14.23 einer Erklarung. Als platonisierende Fortschreibung des Modells aus Joh 14 erweist sich die Erzahlung vom himmlischen Palast in der 2. Praxis der Thomasakten . Als ein gemeinsamer Fluchtpunkt wird abschliesend der Raum der Erinnerung thematisiert.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization and mild water stress on the distribution of nitrogen in tall fescue

An investigation was designed to examine the nature and distribution of nitrogen in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) as influenced by water regime and N fertility under controlled environment conditions. Three replicates of 10 ppm and 110 ppm N were prepared for both adequately watered and water stress treatments of vegetatively propagated tall fescue. Herbage samples were lyophilized and soluble protein extracted in aqueous buffer and separated from low molecular weight N compounds. Two insoluble fractions (RI, cellular and structural fragments; RII, organellar residue, primarily chloroplasts) and two soluble fractions (SI, soluble protein; SII, low molecular weight compounds) were characterized by Kjeldahl N and acid-hydrolyzable amino-acid analyses.
Numerical modeling of micro-galvanic corrosion

Abstract A novel numerical model capturing the evolution of cross-sectional microstructure to investigate its effect on corrosion behavior of magnesium (Mg) alloys is presented in this work using a moving mesh technique in COMSOL Multi-Physics ® . The model is capable of tracking the moving boundary of the corroding phase (α phase). The effect of β phase fraction and its distribution on the corrosion behavior is addressed here assuming uniform Al content in the α phase. The effects of β phase fraction on corrosion behavior estimated from the model are validated with SVET experiments. A novel formulation using a level set function is used to study the effect of two representative microstructure configurations along the depth of the alloy: (a) continuous β phase network around the α phase, and (b) discrete β phase. The Mg alloy with a continuous β phase network is found to display accelerated corrosion in the initial stage of exposure due to increasing β phase fraction. However, corrosion tends to be halted after the α phase is preferentially dissolved and the continuous β phase network is exposed to electrolyte due to β phase enrichment.
An Explicit Finite Element Model to Study the Influence of Rake Angle on the Discontinuous Chip Formation During Orthogonal Metal Cutting

Understanding the tribological aspects of machining processes are essential for increasing the dimensional accuracy and surface integrity of products, as well as gaining a better control of tool wear, chip handling and power consumption. The objective of this investigation is to develop numerical models that accurately predict the chip formation and stress profiles in the work-piece during orthogonal metal cutting using the explicit finite-element method (FEM). In our simulations, a damage material model was utilized to capture the work-piece chip separation behavior and the simultaneous breakage of the chip into multiple fragments. In the simulation, the rigid steel cutter of different rake angles was moved at different velocities against a stationary aluminum work-piece at constant friction for a cutting depth of 1 mm. Overall, the results indicate that the explicit FEM is a powerful tool for simulating metal cutting and discontinuous chip formation. The rake angle had a significant effect on the formation of chip during metal cutting. The formation of discontinuous chip along the contact interface was hypothesized to be due to the internal crack initiation and propagation in front of the tool and above the cutting edge, rather than from the free surface.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Floor-Fractured Lunar Craters

Numerous lunar craters (206 examples, mean diameter = 40km) contain pronounced floor rilles (fractures) and evidence for volcanic processes. Seven morphologic classes have been defined according to floor depth and the appearance of the floor, wall, and rim zones. Such craters containing central peaks exhibit peak heights (approximately 1km) comparable to those within well-preserved impact craters but exhibit smaller rim-peak elevation differences (generally 0–1.5km) than those (2.4km) within impact craters. In addition, the morphology, spatial distribution, and floor elevation data reveal a probable genetic association with the maria and suggest that a large number of floor-fractured craters represent pre-mare impact craters whose floors have been lifted tectonically and modified volcanically during the epochs of mare flooding. Floor uplift is envisioned as floating on an intruded sill, and estimates of the buoyed floor thickness are consistent with the inferred depth of brecciation beneath impact craters, a zone interpreted as a trap for the intruding magma. The derived model of crater modification accounts for (1) the large differences in affected crater size and age; (2) the small peak-rim elevation differences; (3) remnant central peaks within mare-flooded craters and ringed plains; (4) ridged and flat-topped rim profiles of heavily modified craters and ringed plains; and (5) the absence of positive gravity anomalies in most floor-fractured craters and some large mare-filled craters. One of the seven morphologic classes, however, displays a significantly smaller mean size, larger distances from the maria, and distinctive morphology relative to the other six classes. The distinctive morphology is attributed, in part, to the relatively small size of the affected crater, but certain members of this class represent a style of volcanism unrelated to the maria - perhaps triggered by the last major basin-forming impacts.