cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric cavernous sinus thrombosis: A case series and review of the literature

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics, imaging findings, morbidity, and mortality in a single-center cohort of 12 pediatric cavernous sinus thrombosis cases and to review all cases available in recent English literature. Methods: Clinical data and radiographic studies on 12 cases from our institution were analyzed retrospectively. A literature search and review was conducted, with additional cases pooled with the new cohort for an aggregate analysis. Results: Twelve cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis in children from the Children9s Hospital of Philadelphia between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2013, were reviewed. All patients survived to discharge; 3 of 12 (25%) experienced neurologic morbidity. Contrast-enhanced MRI and contrast-enhanced head CT were 100% sensitive for detecting cavernous sinus thrombosis, while noncontrast time-of-flight magnetic resonance venography (TOF MRV) and noncontrast head CT were 0% sensitive. Literature review produced an additional 40 cases, and the aggregate mortality rate was 4 of 52 (8%) and morbidity rate was 10 of 40 (25%). Outcomes did not vary by treatment or with unilateral vs bilateral cavernous sinus involvement. There was a trend toward worse outcomes with fungal infections. Conclusion: Our case series demonstrates low morbidity and mortality with early, aggressive surgical, antimicrobial, and anticoagulation therapies. Although anticoagulation and surgery were not associated with significantly different outcomes, more study is needed.
Role of Nedd4-2 and polyubiquitination in epithelial sodium channel degradation in untransfected renal A6 cells expressing endogenous ENaC subunits

Amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are responsible for transepithelial Na+ transport in the kidney, lung, and colon. The channel consists of three subunits (α, β, and γ). In Madi...
Mathematical topographical correction of XPS images using multivariate statistical methods

For rough heterogeneous samples, the contrast observed in XPS images may result from both changes in elemental or chemical composition and sample topography. Background image acquisition and subtraction are frequently utilized to minimize topographical effects so that images represent concentration variations in the sample. This procedure may significantly increase the data acquisition time. Multivariate statistical methods can assist in resolving topographical and chemical information from multispectral XPS images. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one method for identification of the highest correlation/variation between the images. Topography, which is common to all of the images, will be resolved in the first most significant component. The score of this component contains spatial information about the topography of the surface, whereas the loading is a quantitative representation of the topography contribution to each elemental/chemical image. The simple-to-use self-modelling mixture analysis (Simplisma) method is a pure variable method that searches for the source of most differences in the data and therefore has the potential to distinguish between chemical and topographical phases in images. The mathematical background correction scheme is developed and validated by comparing results to the experimental background correction for samples with differing degrees of topography. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The identification of two inhibitory cells in each segmental ganglion of the leech and studies on the ionic mechanism of the inhibitory junctional potentials produced by these cells

The present study identifies a pair of inhibitory cells that are located on each anterolateral margin of a leech segmental ganglion. These cells, which we label as cells 119, are electrically interconnected. These cells give rise to inhibitory junctional potentials (ijp's) in contralteral longitudinal body wall muscle cells. The latencies of the ijp's following spikes in cell 119 are variable. The ijp's are caused by transient increases in premeability to the Cl- ion. Previous studies demonstrated that 5-HT causes a hyperpolarization of body wall muscle cells by increasing the permeability of muscle membrane to the Cl- ion. Accordingly, 5-HT was searched for in the 119 cell bodies, but autoradiography, fine structure, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry gave no indication that 5-HT was present in these cells. However, the variable latencies of the ijp's may indicate that there is a neuron interposed between cell 119 and the muscle cells. If this is the case, then the interposed neuron should be analyzed for 5-HT. Further experiments to locate the terminals of cells 119 and the cell bodies of the presumed interposed neurons are thus desirable.
Estimating Activity Costs: How the Provision of Accurate Historical Activity Data from a Biased Cost System Can Improve Individuals' Cost Estimation Accuracy

An integral component of effective cost control and performance evaluation is the ability to accurately estimate relationships between activities and overhead costs (i.e., activity costs). Individuals using a single cost pool system often have to rely on memory of historical activity data when estimating activity costs. If individuals' recall of data is representative of the historical data, then reliance on memory should not be detrimental to cost estimation accuracy. However, individuals often possess incorrect initial beliefs about activity costs. These incorrect beliefs are expected to serve as an anchor from which individuals make insufficient adjustments when estimating activity costs based on memory of historical activity data. Multiple cost pool systems frequently provide biased standard rates; however, such systems also provide accurate historical activity data when individuals estimate costs. I extend prior accounting research by experimentally examining whether a multiple cost pool system's pro...
New technique to prevent tilt during inferior vena cava filter placement

Purpose The risk of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter tilt during placement is significant and may limit filter retrieval. The purpose of the study was to determine if tilting of IVC filters on deployment is able to be reduced when using a femoral approach. Methods Under fluoroscopic guidance, Cook Celect IVC filters that are not in axis with the IVC prior to full deployment were straightened in the long IVC axis using a stiff guidewire prior to release. This guidewire helps to center the apex of the filter in the IVC and allow proper deployment. Results All 11 IVC filters deployed with this technique have been placed without tilt. No complications were encountered with this technique. Conclusions IVC filter tilt may lessen their efficacy and ability to be easily retrieved. By using this technique, we have virtually eliminated IVC filter tilt in our patients.
The American Football Uniform: Uncompensable Heat Stress and Hyperthermic Exhaustion

Abstract Context: In hot environments, the American football uniform predisposes athletes to exertional heat exhaustion or exercise-induced hyperthermia at the threshold for heat stroke (rectal tem...
The relationship between design and corporate strategies

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between the strategies of the design group and that of the corporation as a whole. In doing so, consistent definitions of design and design strategy are established. The current literature is then surveyed to determine the state of the research on the topic. Several propositions are then offered regarding the relationships between certain aspects of design strategy and three well–known generic strategies. Finally, directions for future research are outlined.
Investigations into the chemical structure based selectivity of the microfabricated nitrogen-phosphorus detector

Abstract Nitrogen and phosphorus atoms are constituents of some of the most toxic chemical vapors. Nitrogen-phosphorus gas chromatograph detectors (NPDs) rely on selective ionization of such compounds using ionization temperatures typically greater than 600 °C. NPDs have previously been reported to be 7 × 104× and 105× more sensitive for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, than for carbon. Presented here is an investigation of the structure-based selectivity of a microfabricated nitrogen-phosphorus detector (μNPD). The μNPD presented here is smaller than a dime and can be placed in a system that is 1/100th the size of a commercial NPD. Comparison of responses of such devices to homologous anilines (p-methoxyaniline, p-fluoroaniline, and aniline) revealed that detection selectivity, determined by the ratio of μNPD to nonselective flame ionization detector (FID) peak areas, is correlated with acid disassociation pKa values for the respective analine. Selectivity was determined to be greatest for p-methoxyaniline, followed by p-fluoroaniline, with aniline having the smallest response. The limit of detection for a nitrogen containing chemical, p-methoxyaniline, using the μNPD was determined to be 0.29 ng compared to 59 ng for a carbon chemical containing no nitrogen or phosphorus, 1,3,5-trimethybenzene. The μNPD presented here has increased detection for nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the FID and with a slight increase in detection of carbon compounds compared to commercial NPD's sensitivity to nitrogen and carbon.
A Channel Assignment Algorithm Based on Link Traffic in Wireless Mesh Network

In a wireless mesh network, in order to accomplish the purposes of minimizing the interference within the mesh network and improving the network connectivity in the course of channel assignment. This paper proposed a heuristic algorithm which can predict the busy-degree of a node through predicting the link traffic in the networks. So the algorithm can respond to the distribution of data traffic flexibly. This paper also used the protocol interference model to reduce the interference between the links in the wireless mesh network. Simulation results show that the algorithm can reduce the waiting time while a data frame is transmitting. And the network throughput and stability can be improved significantly.
Dairy intake in relation to in vitro fertilization outcomes among women from a fertility clinic

STUDY QUESTION Is dairy food consumption associated with live birth among women undergoing infertility treatment?
PUFA Supplement in ADHD: Meta Analysis

Researchers at Hammersmith Hospital, London, and Academy of Nutritional Medicine, Cambridge, UK, conducted an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in ADHD, using data on PUFA content obtained from independent fatty acid methyl ester analyses of each study PUFA regimen.
Sa-I-Gu, Twenty Years Later: I Still Love L.A.

This essay looks backward twenty years to the days of violence that erupted in Los Angeles, California, on April 29, 1992, following the acquittal of four white police officers charged with brutally assaulting Rodney King, a black motorist. On that day, I was working as a rookie reporter for the Los Angeles Times’ Orange County Edition. In the following das, I was reassigned to the City Desk, and a year later, was among the team of reporters and photographers awarded the Pulitzer Prize for spot news reporting. Far from the imaginary objective reporter, I was terrified to see my hometown erupting in violence and flames. My older sister, an assignment editor at the Korea Times Weekly English Edition, far-along pregnant with her third child, had fled her office due to threat of mob violence. My father could smell the burning buildings from his apartment and my brother-in-law lost his job when the store where he worked was burned down. In the following weeks, I attended political rallies held by Korean Americ...
Antibody distribution and infection rate of influenza H1N1 virus in Zhengzhou

Aim:To investigate the infection rate of H1N1 influenza H1N1 virus and the age-trend in Zhengzhou city.Methods:A total of 1 981 residents were collected from the hospital and the blood centre and were devided into 0~5 age group,~18 age group,~55 age group and 55 group.The antibody of influenza H1N1 was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition test using chicken erythrocyte.Results:The average prevalence rate of influenza H1N1 viruses increased gradually from 12.9% to 30%.~18 age group possessed the highest infection rate among the four age groups and highest prevalence rate(54.7%).55 years group had lowest prevalence rate.The distribution range was 4.0%~21.8% in the five surveys.Nonlinear analysis shows that the growth rate of population infected with influenza H1N1 approached to exponential distribution,The prevalance trend was corresponded with index fomula Y=aekX.Conclusion:Illustrating the prevalence trend of influenza H1N1 in Zhengzhou provide support for prevention of the H1N1 at the next flu season.
Speed and Stasis

Brian Aldiss’s short story “Supertoys Last All Summer Long” (first published in 1969) tells of a robotic boy desperate, but unable, to please his narcissistic human “mother,” and terrified of the truth that he himself is not a “real” person. This depiction of inner isolation is set in a world of consumerist simulacra, in which time is at a standstill: a house which is an electronically generated “mirage” of a Georgian mansion, a simulated garden in which “it was always summer” and the trees were “in perpetual leaf.” The mother’s restless self-absorption is expressed by Aldiss as a state in which, “Time waited on her shoulder with... manic sloth.”
Structure-toxicity relationships of nitroaromatic compounds.

The toxicity data of 28 nitroaromatic compounds (nitrobenzenes and, for comparison, benzene and toluene) related to a 50% lethal dose concentration for rats (LD50) were used to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs).
Christian Librarians and the Ethics of the Library Bill of Rights

This study is the follow up to a pilot study entitled “Christian Librarians and the Library Bill of Rights: a survey of opinions and professional practice” published in the Spring 2014 issue of The Christian Librarian . Using an online survey, it sought to discover how librarians working in a variety of contexts who self-identified as Christians responded to the ALA’s ethical standards as embodied in the Library Bill of Rights. The results showed general support for the Library Bill of Rights and its ethics, though a majority of respondents had at least some way in which they adhered to the Library Bill of Rights less than fully, and a significant minority (around 40%) had areas in which they differed with its ethics, usually in the form of feeling that certain types of content (e.g., pornography, harmful materials, etc.) could or should be limited. The responses in this survey would seem to support the notion that many Christian librarians do sometimes perceive a need to place the value of defending what they perceive to be true and right above the call to remain professionally impartial about certain kinds of content.
Collective plasmonic oscillations in nanostrips arrays and continuous sine-wave gratings. Comparative study

Gold nanostrip arrays exhibit collective plasmonic oscillations analogous to surface plasmon-polaritons in continuous films with a spatially modulated profile. Similarities and differences in optical behavior of continuous and discontinuous systems are studied experimentally and theoretically.
Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women in the United States.

Aims Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The incidence of both GDM and type 2 diabetes is exceedingly high in South Asian populations. However, the risk of type 2 diabetes after GDM in South Asian women in the United States is unknown. Methods South Asians aged 40 to 84 years without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. A history of GDM was elicited through self-report, and type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the odds of type 2 diabetes after GDM history in this cross-sectional analysis. Results About 9.7% of women in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study self-reported a history of GDM, and were significantly younger, with higher mean diastolic blood pressure and self-reported weight at age 20 and 40 years than women without a history of GDM. In a model adjusted for age, weight at age 40, family history of diabetes, education, income, physical activity, caloric intake, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking, women with a history of GDM had increased odds of having type 2 diabetes compared with women without GDM (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.3, 7.5). Conclusions A history of GDM further increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in US South Asian women. Our findings underscore the importance of early postpartum screening in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
The B vitamin nutrition of insects: the contributions of diet, microbiome and horizontally acquired genes

Insects generally cannot synthesize eight B vitamins that function as co-enzymes in various required enzymatic reactions. Most insects derive their B vitamin requirements from the diet, microbial symbionts, or a combination of these complementary sources. Exceptionally, the genomes of a few insects bear genes in vitamin B5 (pantothenate) and B7 (biotin) synthesis, horizontally acquired from bacteria. Biomarkers of B vitamin deficiency (e.g. vitamin titers, activity of vitamin-dependent enzymes) offer routes to investigate the incidence and the physiological and fitness consequences of B vitamin deficiency in laboratory and field populations of insects.
Latent Growth Curve Modeling of Non-Injection Drug Use and Condomless Sexual Behavior from Ages 18 to 21 in Gay, Bisexual, and Other YMSM: The P18 Cohort Study

ABSTRACTBackground: HIV/AIDS continues to be a health disparity faced by sexual minority men, and is exacerbated by non-injection drug use. Objectives: We sought to delineate growth in non-injection drug use and condomless sex in a sample of racially and economically diverse of gay, bisexual, and other young men who have sex with men (YMSM) as they emerged into adulthood between the ages of 18 and 21 and who came of age in the post-HAART era. Methods: Behavioral data on drug use and condomless sex, collected via a calendar based technique over 7 waves of a cohort study of 600 YMSM, were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling to document patterns of growth in these behaviors, their associations, and the extent to which patterns and associations are moderated by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Results: Significant growth was noted in the frequencies of condomless oral and anal intercourse, alcohol to intoxication, marijuana use, and inhalant nitrate use. High levels of association were noted b...
Selfish Creatures, Huddled Together for Warmth

THOUGH THE major players in the Modern Synthesis tended increasingly toward an organism-only view, the problem of the interaction between individual animals in groups, colonies, populations and species did not go away. One of the pioneering investigators of animal interaction was the Chicago-based ecologist Warder Clyde Allee (Fig. 6.1). Allee’s laboratory studied the positive benefits of interaction (or simply of co-existence) between individuals (see Courchamp et al. 2008, for an overview of Allee’s work and its influence). His studies, primarily on fish, emphasized the role of cooperation in promoting animal survival under conditions of stress or scarcity. In works such as The Social Life of Animals (1938), where he compiled the results of studies from many other laboratories in addition to his own, Allee demonstrated again and again that, while competition clearly occurs in nature, cooperation provides an important balancing tendency. He emphasized that, while under many conditions overcrowding could be deleterious to a population, under other circumstances undercrowding could be equally detrimental. This phenomenon is now known as the Allee effect, and appears regularly in nonlinear models of population dynamics, as well as in experimental studies ranging from the mating behavior of wild dogs to quorum sensing in the formation of bacterial biofilms.
An Analysis of the Inclusion of Medications Considered Potentially Inappropriate in Older Adults in Chemotherapy Templates for Hematologic Malignancies: One Recommendation for All?

There remains a paucity of data regarding the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in the supportive management of older adults undergoing chemotherapy. Raising awareness among healthcare providers regarding the frequency of their use and potential toxicities may help to minimize the risks to patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of six specific classes of medications considered PIMs by the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria that are commonly included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) chemotherapy order templates for hematologic malignancies. The six PIMs evaluated are first-generation antihistamines, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, H2-receptor antagonists, metoclopramide, and antipsychotics. A total of 311 unique chemotherapy order templates published online by the NCCN for the treatment of hematologic malignancies were reviewed to determine the frequency that these six specific PIMs were recommended for supportive care. Approximately 45% of the NCCN chemotherapy templates for hematologic malignancies specifically recommended the use of at least one of the six PIMs examined. The remainder of the templates evaluated referred exclusively to the NCCN Guidelines® on Oncology for Antiemesis, which also included the use of at least one of the six PIMs evaluated. These findings demonstrate that PIMs are frequently used as supportive therapy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Increasing healthcare provider awareness of their potential side effects may minimize the risks associated with their use in older adults with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy.
Innovating the Urban Water System: Achieving a Net Zero Water Future Beyond Current Regulation

Recent extreme climatic events and failing infrastructure have increased awareness of the need for expanded resilience within urban water systems. Architects and engineers are more seriously consid...
The ionized graphene oxide membranes for water-ethanol separation

Abstract Nanoporous graphene oxide (GO) membranes have shown great promise in separating water and ethanol with high flux and selectivity. The current design of these membranes focuses on tuning the pore sizes in GO sheets to achieve superior selectivity. In this paper, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the feasibility of achieving effective water-ethanol separation by tuning the ionization of the functional groups on the periphery of pores in single-layer GO sheets. For pores featuring neutral carboxyl (COOH) groups, the water-to-ethanol selectivity coefficient is ∼7 when the pore diameter is 0.68 nm but decays to ∼1.5 when the pore diameter increases to ∼1.12 nm. However, our simulations suggest that through the ionization (deprotonation) of the COOH groups of the 1.12 nm-wide pores, we can achieve a water-to-ethanol selectivity coefficient of ∼7 in these pores. This improvement is mainly attributed to the enhanced (suppressed) accessibility of water (ethanol) molecules to the pore induced by the ionization of the functional groups.
Honoring Alumni Contributions Through a Hall of Fame

Halls of fame can recognize and honor the contributions of organizational members and have been used widely across various fields, including sports, entertainment, business, and academia. Although the utility of a hall of fame is clear, much less is known regarding how to select the inductees. This study demonstrates a transparent, effective way to select honorees for a hall of fame using the example of the School of Hospitality Business Management at Washington State University. The process successfully selected 9 inaugural Hall of Fame inductees as part of the celebration of the 85th anniversary of the program. The results can serve as a guide for other hospitality programs considering a hall of fame or similar programs to honor alumni. Recommendations and future research directions are discussed.
Using the Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SHOMRI) system to assess intra-articular pathology in femoroacetabular impingement.

There is currently no widely accepted classification system of intra-articular damage in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The goal of this study is to correlate the Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SHOMRI) system with arthroscopic findings in symptomatic FAI patients to justify its use in this setting. Symptomatic FAI patients scheduled for hip arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. Prior to surgery, radiographs, and an MRI were obtained of the affected hip and all patients completed the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire. Each MRI was graded using the SHOMRI system. Intraoperatively, cartilage and labral injury grades were recorded. SHOMRI scores were then correlated with the intraoperative cartilage and labral grades as well as preoperative radiographic findings and HOOS scores. Forty-three patients were analyzed (mean age 35.7 years, 58.1% male). SHOMRI total scores correlated with intraoperative femoral cartilage grade (ρ = 0.42; p = 0.002), acetabular cartilage grade (ρ = 0.30; p = 0.046), and labral tear grade (ρ = 0.42; p = 0.003) as well as with preoperative Tonnis grade (ρ = 0.37, p = 0.013), HOOS pain score (ρ = -0.33; p = 0.039), HOOS ADL score (ρ = -0.39; p = 0.007), and HOOS sports score (ρ = -0.30; p = 0.037). In conclusion, total scores from the SHOMRI system showed significant correlation with arthroscopic findings as well as radiographic gradings and clinical symptoms in patients with FAI. Use of this quantitative system to assess the burden of chondrolabral damage in FAI appears valid. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3064-3070, 2018.
Cell Surface β1,4-Galactosyltransferase

The carbohydrate components of membrane-bound and secreted glycoproteins are composed of a variety of simple and complex oligosaccharides that directly influence protein structure, intracellular targeting, biological activity, half-life, and/or specificity of action (1, 2). The enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharide chains are the glycosyltransferases, which demonstrate exquisite specificity by recognizing specific glycoside structures on maturing proteins and lipids. It is generally thought that each glycosyl-transferase is responsible for catalyzing one specific glycosidic linkage. From the variety of known carbohydrate linkages, it is speculated that there are more than 100 glycosyltransferases (3), only a few of which have been cloned and well characterized (4, 5).
the calibration of silver iodide generators

The output of effective ice nuclei from silver iodide generators can vary by at least three to four orders of magnitude as a function of the type of generator device employed and its operational ef...
Measuring Adolescent Coping Styles Following a Natural Disaster: An ESEM Analysis of the Kidcope

The ways in which youth cope with the following traumatic experiences have a critical impact on resilience and recovery, yet few measures adequately assess adolescent coping behaviors while exhibiting sound psychometric properties. The current study uses exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to analyze data from the Kidcope, an assessment tool that is widely used in both clinical and research settings. A total of 652 hurricane-affected adolescent females completed the Kidcope approximately 6 months following Hurricane Katrina. ESEM results yielded a four-factor model including positive coping, blame and anger, wishful thinking, and social withdrawal. The coping behaviors represented in the four latent factors are consistent with results of a previous study of a hurricane-affected White, middle-class sample; however, they differ from the coping behaviors used by primarily Black, lower-income sample experiencing the same disaster. Results indicate that demographic and cultural characteristics may be strong influences in determining children’s coping styles and behaviors and should be taken into account when providing services to help youth recover.
Mentoring Residents Underrepresented in Medicine: Strategies to Ensure Success.

OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for effective mentorship of residents underrepresented in medicine (UIM) situated in the context of their experiences in healthcare teams. DESIGN A perspective summarizing the important elements for the effective mentorship of UIM residents. CONCLUSION Mentorship of trainees is of profound importance in medical education as it provides tangible benefits for professional and personal development. However, given their unique experiences and position in our teams as well as the larger healthcare construct, the mentorship of UIM residents requires special consideration and focus. Implementing programs that foster diversity, cross-cultural mentorship, and sponsorship are imperative.
A Game Theoretic Model for Strategic Coopetition in Business Networks.

Private blockchain is driving the creation of business networks, resulting in the creation of new value or new business models to the enterprises participating in the network. Such business networks form when enterprises come together to derive value through a network which is greater than the value that can be derived solely by any single company. This results in a setting that combines both competitive and cooperative behavior, and which we call strategic coopetition. Traditionally, cooperative and competitive behavior have been analyzed separately in game theory. In this article, we provide a formal model enabling to jointly analyze these different types of behaviors and the interdependencies between them. Using this model, we formally demonstrate and analyze the incentives for both cooperative and competitive behavior.
Adaptation, Migration, Advocacy. A Climate Change Curriculum for Out-of-School Children in Badin, Sindh

This chapter identifies the urgency for climate change education in vulnerable communities that are already experiencing the effects of climate change-related disasters. Designing curricula for vulnerable communities, in this case out-of-school youth in Badin, a rural district in Pakistan’s Sindh province, demands a focus on strategies that can be leveraged for survival. This chapter illustrates the need to match curriculum design with research and reportage about the needs communities are facing. In Badin, where the local economy is driven by agriculture and threatened by the salinization of land as well as an increased risk to flooding, the possibility of migration is real. This shifts our understanding of what adaptation and mitigation mean for this population—youth need to be prepared not only to survive where they are, but to survive where they might end up.
Emerging agents and regimens for AML

Until recently, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients used to have limited treatment options, depending solely on cytarabine + anthracycline (7 + 3) intensive chemotherapy and hypomethylating agents. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) played an important role to improve the survival of eligible AML patients in the past several decades. The exploration of the genomic and molecular landscape of AML, identification of mutations associated with the pathogenesis of AML, and the understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to treatment from excellent translational research helped to expand the treatment options of AML quickly in the past few years, resulting in noteworthy breakthroughs and FDA approvals of new therapeutic treatments in AML patients. Targeted therapies and combinations of different classes of therapeutic agents to overcome treatment resistance further expanded the treatment options and improved survival. Immunotherapy, including antibody-based treatment, inhibition of immune negative regulators, and possible CAR T cells might further expand the therapeutic armamentarium for AML. This review is intended to summarize the recent developments in the treatment of AML.
Artificial Intelligence and Cellular Segmentation in Tissue Microscopy Images.

With applications in object detection, image feature extraction, image classification, and image segmentation, artificial intelligence is enabling high-throughput analysis of image data in a variety of biomedical imaging disciplines, ranging from radiology and pathology to cancer biology and immunology. Specifically, a growth in research surrounding deep learning has led to widespread application of computer vision techniques to analyze and mine data from biomedical images. The availability of open-source software packages and the development of novel, trainable deep neural network architectures has led to an increase in accuracy of cell detection and segmentation algorithms. By automating cellular segmentations, it is now possible to mine quantifiable cellular and spatio-cellular features from microscopy images, providing insight into the organization of cells in various pathologies. This mini-review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art deep learning and artificial intelligence methods for segmentation and data mining of cells in microscopy images of tissue.
A Computerized Physician Order Entry Set Designed to Improve Safety of Intravenous Haloperidol Utilization

Background: Intravenous haloperidol can increase the risk for corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, torsades de pointes (TdP) and sudden death.
Die Organisation des Parlaments: Das Unterhaus

Die Regierungsweise Grosbritanniens ist eine parlamentarische. Das bedeutet, das das Parlament der Angelpunkt ist, um den sich der politische Prozes bewegt. Zur Bildung des verbindlichen Staatswillens ist das Parlament unentbehrlich. Im Laufe einer mehr als zweihundertjahrigen Entwicklung und zumindest seit 1867 hat sich in Grosbritannien jene Variante des Parlamentarismus ausgebildet, die von der Verfassungslehre als die parlamentarische Kabinettsregierung bezeichnet wird. Jede realistische Darstellung des britischen Regierungssystems mus also mit dem Parlament beginneng1.
A Misplaced Massacre: Struggling over the Memory of Sand Creek

In the early morning of November 29, 1864, with the fate of the Union still uncertain, part of the First Colorado and nearly all of the Third Colorado volunteer regiments, commanded by Colonel John Chivington, surprised hundreds of Cheyenne and Arapaho people camped on the banks of Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado Territory. More than 150 Native Americans were slaughtered, the vast majority of them women, children, and the elderly, making it one of the most infamous cases of state-sponsored violence in U.S. history. A Misplaced Massacre examines the ways in which generations of Americans have struggled to come to terms with the meaning of both the attack and its aftermath, most publicly at the 2007 opening of the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site. This site opened after a long and remarkably contentious planning process. Native Americans, Colorado ranchers, scholars, Park Service employees, and politicians alternately argued and allied with one another around the question of whether the nation's crimes, as well as its achievements, should be memorialized. Ari Kelman unearths the stories of those who lived through the atrocity, as well as those who grappled with its troubling legacy, to reveal how the intertwined histories of the conquest and colonization of the American West and the U.S. Civil War left enduring national scars. Combining painstaking research with storytelling worthy of a novel, A Misplaced Massacre probes the intersection of history and memory, laying bare the ways differing groups of Americans come to know a shared past.
PD12-09 EFFICIENCY AND SATISFACTION OF VIDEO-VISITS IS EQUIVALENT TO AN OFFICE VISIT: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY IN UROLOGY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with limited life expectancy may not benefit from intervention for small renal masses and are at risk for overtreatment. We sought to determine patterns of treatment for T1a kidney cancer in a nationally representative sample of patients with life expectancies 85, the adjusted probabilities of aggressive treatment were 83%, 82%, 78%, 72%, and 49%, respectively. Among those with <10 year life expectancies treated aggressively, treatment was most often radical nephrectomy (61%) and less often partial nephrectomy (24%) or ablation (14%)(p<0.001). Life expectancy was <5 years for patients aged 85 with Charlson scores of 3þ. Among these patients, multivariate probability of aggressive treatment was 31%, mostly radical nephrectomy (55%) or ablation (31%), and less often partial nephrectomy (13%)(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Two thirds of patients with <10-year life expectancies and one third of patients with < 5-year life expectancies were treated aggressively for T1a kidney cancer, most with radical nephrectomy. Life expectancy should be better incorporated into treatment decision making for Medicare beneficiaries with small renal masses. Source of Funding: None
CoMem: Designing an interaction experience for reuse of rich contextual knowledge from a corporate memory

Managing and reusing knowledge in architecture, engineering, and construction firms can lead to greater competitive advantage, improved designs, and more effective management of constructed facilities. However, reuse often fails because knowledge is not captured; it is captured out of context, rendering it not reusable; or there are no formal mechanisms for finding and retrieving reusable knowledge. This paper presents ongoing research on design knowledge reuse that introduces the notion of knowledge in context from a corporate perspective. We argue that in order for knowledge to be reusable, the user should be able to see the rich context in which this knowledge was originally created and interact with it. We call a repository of such knowledge in context the corporate memory. We describe empirical observations of designers reusing knowledge from their personal design experiences. Based on these observations, we formalize two key activities in the process of knowledge reuse from a corporate repository: finding reusable items and understanding these items in context. We formalize six degrees of exploration that lead to understanding. We describe a prototype system, CoMem, that supports these activities. CoMem is distinguished from the document-centric state of practice solutions by its approach of “overview first, zoom and filter, and then details on demand.” In order to accomplish this approach we propose three metaphors: corporate map, fisheye lens, and storyteller. These metaphors and their implementation in CoMem are illustrated using an industry scenario.
Financial Planning for the Multinational corporation with Multiple Goals

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the financing problems raised by uncertain exchange rates and the various barriers to free capital flows. The stochastic goal programming model developed allows a way to improve the efficiency with which alternative combinations of corporate strategies, various environmental assumptions and financing mechanisms can be evaluated.
Development of Self-Cleaning Solar Collectors for Minimizing Energy Yield Loss Caused by Dust Deposition

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems used for photothermal conversion of solar energy to electricity are capable of meeting a large fraction of the global energy requirements. CSP plants are inherently robust with respect to the availability of materials, technology, and energy storage. However, dust depositions on solar collectors cause energy yield loss annually, ranging from 10 to 50% depending upon their location in the semi-arid and desert lands. Mitigation of energy loss requires manual cleaning of solar mirrors with water. A brief review of the soiling related losses in energy yield of the CSP plants is presented, which shows that cleaning of the CSP mirrors and receivers using water and detergent is an expensive and time-consuming process at best and is often impractical for large-scale installations where water is scarce. We report here our research effort in developing an electrodynamic dust removal technology that can be used for keeping the solar collectors clean continuously without requiring water and manual labor. Transparent electrodynamic screens (EDS), consisting of rows of transparent parallel electrodes embedded within a transparent dielectric film can be integrated on the front surface of the mirrors and on the receivers for dust removal for their application as self-cleaning solar collectors. When the electrodes are activated, over 90% of the deposited dust is removed. A summary of the current state of prototype development and evaluation of EDS integrated solar mirrors and experimental data on the removal of desert dust samples are presented. A brief analysis of cost-to-benefit ratio of EDS implementation for automated dust removal from large-scale solar collectors is included.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Problems with error in structural equation models

(1995). Problems with error in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 367-378.
Decollectivization of Bulgarian agriculture

Abstract Restitution of collectivized lands, plus Bulgaria 's current financial crisis, have put the country's agricultural land use in a state of flux. The Farm Land Act of 1992 allows variation in the decollectivization process based on each cooperative farm 's socioeconomic context. Case studies of three co-ops demonstrate a range of possibilities, including: continuation of the existing co-op structure; dissolution and liquidation of the co-op and its assets; formation of a smaller, specialized private co-op; and cessation of farming on the poorest land. Thus Bulgaria 's future land use is uncertain.
Tabletop soft-x-ray Fourier transform holography with 50 nm resolution

We present what we believe to be the first implementation of Fourier transform (FT) holography using a tabletop coherent x-ray source. By applying curvature correction to compensate for the large angles inherent in high-NA coherent imaging, we achieve image resolution of 89 nm using high-harmonic beams at a wavelength of 29 nm. Moreover, by combining holography with iterative phase retrieval, we improve the image resolution to <53 nm. We also demonstrate that FT holography can be used effectively with short exposure times of 30 s. This technique will enable biological and materials microscopy with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution on a tabletop soft-x-ray source.
Images of Woman

This paper surveys social attitudes toward women in Greece and Rome, Judeo-Christian religious teachings, and the Middle Ages. Three dominant images emerge; woman as inferior, woman as evil, and woman as the love object. Since the Middle Ages the social conditions which sustained these views have gradually changed and modern feminism increasingly has challenged them; yet the images remain embedded in our traditions and continue to support a pervasive assumption that men and women are different not only in the social roles which they have usually occupied but in their very nature. The social revolution which feminism represents can be sustained only by a thoroughgoing intellectual revolution which first examines and then alters the way women are socially viewed.
Tribological Study for a Low-Friction Cam/Tappet System Including Tappet Spin

This study explores the design of a low-friction cam/tappet system. An elastohydrodynamic contact analysis is conducted to predict lubricant film-thickness and Hertzian pressures at the cam/tappet contact. In addition, a mixed-friction model that can predict the changes in the cam/tappet interface friction due to changing operating conditions is adopted and integrated into the analysis. Also included in the study is a model of tappet spin allowing for slip at the cam/tappet interface. Modeling tappet spin makes it possible to see the effects of the tappet crown radius and cam-taper angle on the interface frictional loss. Tappet rotation is found to be affected by design and operating conditions, and it is dependent primarily on camshaft speed. It is shown that the tappet crown radius and cam-taper angle can be optimized to lower the energy loss. Valvetrain energy-loss predictions, tappet rotational-speed results, and the effect of tappet spin on energy loss agree with the available experimental data. Pres...
Acceptance of Chocolate by Preference Cluster Mapping Across Belgium and Poland

ABSTRACT There are four aims in this study. First, to see which sensory characteristics of plain chocolate drive preference in four sensory preference segments (Januszewska & Viaene, 2001b) and five personality segments (Januszewska et al., 2000) established in the market survey conducted across Belgium and Poland. Second, to compare the Preference Mapping approach between trained and consumer panels with the objective to see if the consumer is able to characterise product in an objective way. Third, the paramount influence of the quality, i.e., the source of origin of the cacao beans, is explained in experimental samples. Finally, the importance of intrinsic (sensory) and extrinsic (package, price, novelty, etc.) cues among the nine segments is mapped. The research is based on an experimental design for thirteen plain chocolates. The survey was conducted in the north, the south and the capitals of both countries. Respondents evaluated their preference towards plain chocolate and the perception of an idea...
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Interaction between TRAP (trp RNA-binding Attenuation Protein) of Bacillus subtilis and trp Leader RNA

Abstract In Bacillus subtilis, expression of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes is regulated in response to tryptophan by an RNA-binding protein called TRAP (trp RNA-binding attenuation protein). TRAP has been shown to contain 11 identical subunits arranged in a symmetrical ring. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the interaction between tryptophan-activated TRAP and trp leader RNA were studied. Results from glycerol gradients and mobility shift gels indicate that two TRAP 11-mers bind to each trp leader RNA. A filter binding assay was used to determine an apparent binding constant of 8.0 ± 1.3 × 10M (K = 0.12 ± 0.02 nM) for TRAP and an RNA containing residues +36 to +92 of the trp leader RNA in 1 mML-tryptophan at 37°C. The temperature dependence of K was somewhat unexpected demonstrating that the ΔH of the interaction is highly unfavorable at +15.9 kcal mol. Therefore, the interaction is completely driven by a ΔS of +97 cal mol K. The interaction between tryptophan-activated TRAP and trp leader RNA displayed broad salt and pH activity profiles. Finally, the rate of RNA dissociation from the RNA•TRAP•tryptophan ternary complex was found to be very slow in high concentrations of tryptophan (>40 μM) but increased in lower tryptophan concentrations. This suggests that dissociation of tryptophan from the ternary complex is the rate-limiting step in RNA dissociation.
Diuretic renography in late occurrence of hematoma after renal transplantation.

Postoperative hematomas after renal transplantation usually occur days or weeks after surgery. The authors report a case of hematoma presenting approximately 2.5 years posttransplantation. Computed tomography scans as well as diuretic radionuclide renography were used to assess renal status and function.
Rates of change of eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Exact expressions for rates of change of eigenvalues and eigenvector to facilitate computerized design of complex structures