cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle contractile function and neuromuscular performance in Zmpste24 −/− mice, a murine model of human progeria

Human progeroid syndromes and premature aging mouse models present as segmental, accelerated aging because some tissues and not others are affected. Skeletal muscle is detrimentally changed by normal aging but whether it is an affected tissue in progeria has not been resolved. We hypothesized that mice which mimic Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome would exhibit age-related alterations of skeletal muscle. Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ littermates were assessed for skeletal muscle functions, histo-morphological characteristics, and ankle joint mechanics. Twenty-four-hour active time, ambulation, grip strength, and whole body tension were evaluated as markers of neuromuscular performance, each of which was at least 33% lower in Zmpste24−/− mice compared with littermates (p < 0.06). Contractile capacity of the posterior leg muscles were not affected in Zmpste24−/− mice, but muscles of the anterior leg were 30–90% weaker than those of Zmpste24+/+ mice (p < 0.01). Leg muscles were 32–47% smaller in the Zmpste24−/− mice and contained ~60% greater collagen relative to littermates (p < 0.01). Soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of Zmpste24−/− mice had excessive myonuclei and altered fiber size distributions but, otherwise, appeared normal. Ankle range of motion was 70% lower and plantar- and dorsiflexion passive torques were nearly 3-fold greater in Zmpste24−/− than Zmpste24+/+ mice (p ≤ 0.01). The combined factors of muscle atrophy, collagen accumulation, and perturbed joint mechanics likely contributed to poor neuromuscular performance and selective muscle weakness displayed by Zmpste24−/−mice. In summary, these characteristics are similar to those of aged mice indicating accelerated aging of skeletal muscle in progeria.
Learning Geometric Concepts via Gaussian Surface Area

We study the learnability of sets in Ropfn under the Gaussian distribution, taking Gaussian surface area as the "complexity measure" of the sets being learned. Let CS denote the class of all (measurable) sets with surface area at most S. We first show that the class CS is learnable to any constant accuracy in time nO(S 2 ), even in the arbitrary noise ("agnostic'') model. Complementing this, we also show that any learning algorithm for CS information-theoretically requires 2Omega(S 2 ) examples for learning to constant accuracy. These results together show that Gaussian surface area essentially characterizes the computational complexity of learning under the Gaussian distribution. Our approach yields several new learning results, including the following (all bounds are for learning to any constant accuracy): The class of all convex sets can be agnostically learned in time 2O ~ (radicn) (and we prove a 2Omega(radicn) lower bound for noise-free learning). This is the first subexponential time algorithm for learning general convex sets even in the noise-free (PAC) model. Intersections of k halfspaces can be agnostically learned in time nO(log k) (cf. Vempala's nO(k) time algorithm for learning in the noise-free model).Cones (with apex centered at the origin), and spheres witharbitrary radius and center, can be agnostically learned in time poly(n).
IMMUNOREACTIONS INVOLVING PLATELETS III. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF PLATELET AGGLUTINATION, INHIBITION OF CLOT RETRACTION, AND OTHER REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE ANTIBODY OF QUINIDINE PURPURA

Quantitative aspects of platelet agglutination and inhibition of clot retraction by the antibody of quinidine purpura were described. The reactions appeared to depend on formation of types of antibody-quinidine-platelet complexes which could fix complement but complement was not necessary for these reactions. Complement fixation was at least 10 times more sensitive than platelet agglutination or inhibition of clot retraction for measurement and detection of antibody activity. Although it has been considered that antibodies of drug purpura act as platelet lysins in the presence of complement and that direct lysis of platelets accounts for development of thrombocytopenia in drug purpura, the present study suggests that attachment of antibody produces a change in platelets which is manifested in vitro only by increased susceptibility to non-specific factors which can alter the stability of platelets in the absence of antibody. The attachment of antibody to platelets in vivo may only indirectly affect platelet survival. In contrast to human platelets, dog, rabbit, and guinea pig platelets, and normal or trypsin-treated human red cells did not agglutinate, fix complement, or adsorb antibody; and intact human endothelial cells did not fix complement or adsorb antibody. Rhesus monkey platelets were not agglutinated by the antibody but did adsorb antibody and fix complement although their activity in these reactions differed quantitatively from that of human platelets. Cinchonine could be substituted for quinidine in agglutination and inhibition of clot retraction reactions but quinine and cinchonidine could not. Attempts to cause passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs with the antibody of quinidine purpura were not successful.
Emissions from the burning of vegetative debris in air curtain destructors

Although air curtain destructors (ACDs) have been used for quite some time to dispose of vegetative debris, relatively little in-depth testing has been conducted to quantify emissions of pollutants other than CO and particulate matter. As part of an effort to prepare for possible use of ACDs to dispose of the enormous volumes of debris generated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the literature on ACD emissions was reviewed to identify potential environmental issues associated with ACD disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) debris. Although no data have been published on emissions from C&D debris combustion in an ACD, a few studies provided information on emissions from the combustion of vegetative debris. These studies are reviewed, and the results compared with studies of open burning of biomass. Combustion of vegetative debris in ACD units results in significantly lower emissions of particulate matter and CO per unit of mass of debris compared with open pile burning. The available data are not sufficient to make general estimates regarding emissions of organic or metal compounds. The highly transient nature of the ACD combustion process, a minimal degree of operational control, and significant variability in debris properties make accurate prediction of ACD emissions impossible in general. Results of scoping tests conducted in preparation for possible in-depth emissions tests demonstrate the challenges associated with sampling ACD emissions and highlight the transient nature of the process. The environmental impacts of widespread use of ACDs for disposal of vegetative debris and their potential use to reduce the volume of C&D debris in future disaster response scenarios remain a considerable gap in understanding the risks associated with debris disposal options.
Discrimination within Recognition Memory in Schizophrenia

Episodic memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains in schizophrenia. First-degree biological relatives of individuals with schizophrenia also have been found to exhibit a similar, but milder, episodic memory deficit. Unlike most studies that focus on the percent of previously presented items recognized, the current investigation sought to further elucidate the nature of memory dysfunction associated with schizophrenia by examining the discrimination of old and new material during recognition (measured by d') to consider false recognition of new items. Using the Recurring Figures Test and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), we studied a sample of schizophrenia probands and the first-degree biological relatives of patients with schizophrenia, as well as probands with bipolar disorder and first-degree biological relatives to assess the specificity of recognition memory dysfunction to schizophrenia. The schizophrenia sample had poorer recognition discrimination in both nonverbal and verbal modalities; no such deficits were identified in first-degree biological relatives or bipolar disorder probands. Discrimination in schizophrenia and bipolar probands failed to benefit from the geometric structure in the designs in the manner that controls did on the nonverbal test. Females performed better than males in recognition of geometric designs. Episodic memory dysfunction in schizophrenia is present for a variety of stimulus domains and reflects poor use of item content to increase discrimination of old and new items.
A Genetic Method for Generating Drosophila Eyes Composed Exclusively of Mitotic Clones of a Single Genotype

The genetic analysis of a gene at a late developmental stage can be impeded if the gene is required at an earlier developmental stage. The construction of mosaic animals, particularly in Drosophila, has been a means to overcome this obstacle. However, the phenotypic analysis of mitotic clones is often complicated because standard methods for generating mitotic clones render mosaic tissues that are a composite of both mutant and phenotypically normal cells. We describe here a genetic method (called EGUF/hid) that uses both the GAL4/UAS and FLP/FRT systems to overcome this limitation for the Drosophila eye by producing genetically mosaic flies that are otherwise heterozygous but in which the eye is composed exclusively of cells homozygous for one of the five major chromosome arms. These eyes are nearly wild type in size, morphology, and physiology. Applications of this genetic method include phenotypic analysis of existing mutations and F(1) genetic screens to identify as yet unknown genes involved in the biology of the fly eye. We illustrate the utility of the method by applying it to lethal mutations in the synaptic transmission genes synaptotagmin and syntaxin.
A globally optimal algorithm for TTD-MDPs

In this paper, we discuss the use of Targeted Trajectory Distribution Markov Decision Processes (TTD-MDPs)---a variant of MDPs in which the goal is to realize a specified distribution of trajectories through a state space---as a general agent-coordination framework.We present several advances to previous work on TTD-MDPs. We improve on the existing algorithm for solving TTD-MDPs by deriving a greedy algorithm that finds a policy that provably minimizes the global KL-divergence from the target distribution. We test the new algorithm by applying TTD-MDPs to drama management, where a system must coordinate the behavior of many agents to ensure that a game follows a coherent storyline, is in keeping with the author's desires, and offers a high degree of replayability.Although we show that suboptimal greedy strategies will fail in some cases, we validate previous work that suggests that they can work well in practice. We also show that our new algorithm provides guaranteed accuracy even in those cases, with little additional computational cost. Further, we illustrate how this new approach can be applied online, eliminating the memory-intensive offline sampling necessary in the previous approach.
Maximum entropy and maximum likelihood criteria for feature selection from multivariate data

We discuss several numerical methods for optimum feature selection for multivariate data based on maximum entropy and maximum likelihood criteria. Our point of view is to consider observed data x/sup 1/, x/sup 2/,..., x/sup N/ in R/sup d/ to be samples from some unknown pdf P. We project this data onto d directions, subsequently estimate the pdf of the univariate data, then find the maximum entropy (or likelihood) of all multivariate pdfs in R/sup d/ with marginals in these directions prescribed by the estimated univariate pdfs and finally maximize the entropy (or likelihood) further over the choice of these directions. This strategy for optimal feature selection depends on the method used to estimate univariate data.
Kinetics of noncatalytic, nonisothermal, gas‐solid reactions: Hydrofluorination of uranium dioxide

A single-pellet, stirred-tank reactor was used to measure temperatures, compositions, and rates of reaction for the hydrofluorination of UO2.14 at atmospheric pressure. By correlating the rate with conditions at the reacting surface, the activation energy of the first-order reaction was found to be 6,070 cal./g.-mole. Since the product forms an unreactive layer around the core of UO2.14, and since the heat of reaction is high, significant concentration and temperature differences develop between the gas phase and the reaction surface. The temperature and rate data were used to calculate the effective diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the product layer under reaction conditions. An adaptation of a pseudosteady state method was developed for predicting the conversion and temperature history of a pellet. Using rate constants for reaction and mass and energy transfer derived from the experimental data, this method gave good results. Predictions with estimated rate constants were poor, indicating that an accurate value was necessary for the effective diffusivity in the product layer.
Parent Participation within Community Center or In-Home Outreach Delivery Models of the Early Risers Conduct Problems Prevention Program.

A variety of predictors of parent participation in prevention programming have been identified in past research, but few studies have investigated how those predictors may vary by implementation context. Patterns of parent participation were examined in the Early Risers Conduct Problems Prevention Program using two family-focused service delivery models: a community center model (Center) and an in-home outreach-based model (Outreach). An ethnically diverse sample of Kindergarten through second grade students (n = 246) displaying elevated levels of aggression were recruited for the study and randomly assigned to either the Center (n = 121) or Outreach (n = 125) models. In both delivery models, participants and their families completed an assortment of baseline measures and received family skills and child skills intervention components and family- and school-based case management. Parents in the Center model demonstrated greater overall participation in family-focused components of the intervention. Parent motivation with parent-focused expectancies for the intervention represented the strongest predictor of parent participation across both delivery models. Family income differentially predicted parent participation across the two models, with low income predicting greater participation in the Center model and lower participation in the Outreach model. A qualitative finding emerged showing that parents receiving parent skills in the Center model via groups preferred to learn skills related to facilitating overall family relationships, whereas parents receiving parent skills via individual Outreach meetings preferred to improve a child’s behavior and emotion skills. Implications are discussed for the design of prevention programming in order to maximize parent participation in high risk populations.
Negative impedance stabilizing controls for PWM DC-DC converters using feedback linearization techniques

Power electronic converters, when tightly regulated, have constant power sink characteristics at their inputs. This is a destabilizing effect, which is known as negative impedance instability, for the DC/DC converters feeding these loads in a multi-converter power electronic system. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions of stability for PWM DC/DC converters with constant power and conventional constant voltage loads are expressed. A nonlinear robust stabilizing controller based on feedback linearization techniques is proposed. Furthermore, the stability of the proposed controller for the Buck converter using the second theorem of Lyapunov is verified.
Topography, Cell Response, and Nerve Regeneration

In the body, cells encounter a complex milieu of signals, including topographical cues, in the form of the physical features of their surrounding environment. Imposed topography can affect cells on surfaces by promoting adhesion, spreading, alignment, morphological changes, and changes in gene expression. Neural response to topography is complex, and it depends on the dimensions and shapes of physical features. Looking toward repair of nerve injuries, strategies are being explored to engineer guidance conduits with precise surface topographies. How neurons and other cell types sense and interpret topography remains to be fully elucidated. Studies reviewed here include those of topography on cellular organization and function as well as potential cellular mechanisms of response.
Cardiomyopathy is independent of skeletal muscle disease in muscular dystrophy

Dystrophin and its associated proteins, the sarcoglycans, are normally expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Mutations that alter the expression of these membrane-associated proteins lead to muscular dystrophy (MD) and cardiomyopathy in humans. Because of the timing and nature of the accompanying cardiomyopathy, it has been suggested that cardiomyopathy develops as a secondary consequence of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the muscular dystrophies. To determine whether skeletal muscle dystrophy contributes to the development of sarcoglycan-mediated cardiomyopathy, we used mice lacking gamma-sarcoglycan and inserted a transgene that "rescued" gamma-sarcoglycan expression only in skeletal muscle. Gamma-sarcoglycan was expressed in skeletal muscle under the control of the skeletal muscle-specific myosin light chain 1/3 promoter. Gamma-sarcoglycan-null mice expressing this transgene fully restore gamma-sarcoglycan expression. Furthermore, the transgene-rescued mice lack the focal necrosis and membrane permeability defects that are a hallmark of MD. Despite correction of the skeletal muscle disease, focal degeneration and membrane permeability abnormalities persisted in cardiac muscle, and notably persisted in the right ventricle. Therefore, heart and skeletal muscle defects are independent processes in sarcoglycan-mediated muscular dystrophies and, as such, therapy should target both skeletal and cardiac muscle correction to prevent sudden death due to cardiomyopathy in the muscular dystrophies.
Clarification of some Problems of Anionic Polymerization

Ionic, and especially anionic polymerization is of great interest to polymer chemists as evident by this second International Symposium on Anionic Polymerization. Vigorous studies of anionic polymerization started in the late fifties, and progress in this field has been reported in numerous reviews published during the last 20 years [1], The published results are, on the whole, mutually consistent and accounted for by plausible mechanisms accepted by the workers in this field. There are, nevertheless, some contradictory claims pertaining mainly to polymerizations involving Li counter-ions and proceeding in hydrocarbon solvents.
Dietary Protein Impact on Glycemic Control during Weight Loss

Diets with higher protein (1.5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and reduced carbohydrates (120 to 200 g/d) appear to enhance weight loss due to a higher loss of body fat and reduced loss of lean body mass. While studies of prolonged use of moderate protein diets are not available, short-term studies report beneficial effects associated with increased satiety, increased thermogenesis, sparing of muscle protein loss, and enhanced glycemic control. Combined impacts of a moderate protein diet are likely derived from lower carbohydrates resulting in lower postprandial increase in blood glucose and lower insulin response, and higher protein providing increased BCAA leucine levels and gluconeogenic substrates. A key element in the diet appears to be the higher intake of BCAA leucine with unique regulatory actions on muscle protein synthesis, modulation of the insulin signal, and sparing of glucose use by stimulation of the glucose-alanine cycle. This review focuses on the contributions of leucine and the BCAA to regulation of muscle protein synthesis and glycemic control.
Exploring the Importance of Social Networks in the IT Workforce: Experiences with the "Boy's Club".

Currently, the information technology (IT) workforce is composed largely of males, while women remain an under represented minority. Not unlike other sectors, informal social networks exist which are often termed the “Old Boy’s Network.” In these networks, men are able to share information in a less formal setting, learn to trust each other, and establish personal relationships. However, these networks can be potentially problematic for women working in the field if they are excluded from important information and resources. This paper explores how women are affected by and relate to these networks. A conceptual framework is presented that explains the reactions and strategies with respect to the network that women employ for continued participation in the information technology workforce. The framework illustrates the experiences of proactive and reactive “insiders” and “outsiders” to the network.
Exciton Multiplication and Relaxation Dynamics in Quantum Dots: Applications to Ultra-High Efficiency Solar Photon Conversion

We show how semiconductor quantum dots may greatly increase photon conversion efficiencies by producing multiple excitons from a single photon. This is possible because quantization of energy levels in quantum dots enhances Auger processes, eliminates the requirement to conserve crystal momentum, and thus promotes multiple exciton generation, Quantum yields of 300% for exciton formation in PbSe, PbS, and PbTe quantum dots have been reported at photon energies about 4 times the HOMO-LUMO transition energy (QD bandgap), indicating the formation of 3 excitons/photon for all photoexcited quantum dots.
The limits on bond financing of government deficits under pptimal fiscal policy

Abstract Limits on perpetual bond financing of deficits without increased taxation or inflation are analyzed by juxtaposing the bond creation rate against the interest rate on bonds and the economy's growth rate. Sargent and Wallace (1981) and Barro (1976) argue that the bond creation rate must be smaller than the economy's growth rate. McCallum (1984) finds that the bond creation rate can exceed the economy's growth rate but must be smaller than the interest rate. McCallum's conclusion obtains under lump-sum taxation. We show that if lump-sum taxation is not feasible the bond creation rate cannot exceed the economy's growth rate. It is not possible to substitute bond financing for distortionary taxation in order to improve the level of welfare indefinitely.
Accumulation of methanogenic substrates in CCI4 inhibited anaerobic sewage sludge digester cultures

Abstract The accumulation of hydrogen gas and other methanogenic substrates by naturally occurring anaerobic cultures digesting sewage sludge and sewage sludge supplemented with organic compounds was studied by inhibiting methane formation with CCl 4 . The data indicated that hydrogen was evolved only from carbohydrates, and that in primary sewage sludge the source of hydrogen was polymeric carbohydrate. Furthermore, hydrogen gas, itself, inhibited the formation of hydrogen, acetate and propionate, and CCI 4 may inhibit propionate formation. The inhibition of methanogenesis by CCI 4 also stimulated the formation of valerate and caproate. Estimates of the carbon recoveries in those cultures supplemented with organic compounds ranged from 54 to 86 per cent, suggesting that the fermentation gases and volatile fatty acids were not the only important fermentation products. Glucose, starch and cellulose appeared to be fermented by different organisms.
Experimental Parameters Affecting the Intensity of Cadmium Electrodeless Discharge Lamps

Abstract Several experimental parameters have been found to affect the intensity of microwave excited electrodeless discharge emission at the cadmium resonance line (228.8 nm.). A thorough study of the effect of pressure of the fill gas, microwave power applied to the tube; and weight of Cd introduced into the tube has been accomplished. Direct comparisons of Cd resonance emission for the cases of He, Ne, Ar and air fill gases are presented. From these studies preductions of optimum conditions for construction and operation of Cd electrodeless discharge lamps may be made.
General Case of the Day

■ HISTORY A 28-year-old man presented with complaints of gradually increasing abdominal swelling and discomfort over a 1-month period. The patient also noted swelling of the right leg and scrotum. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal swelling suspicious for ascites. Multiple nodules were palpated on the right side of the scrotum. Ultrasound (US) of the abdomen and scrotum and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen were performed. Histologic specimens were obtained with US-guided core biopsy of the abdominal mass and open biopsy of a testicular nodule.
Determination of sheep prion gene polymorphisms from paraffin-embedded tissue

Amino acid polymorphisms of the prion protein (PrP) greatly influence the susceptibility of sheep to scrapie. Selective breeding to increase the prevalence of PrP gene alleles associated with scrapie resistance is a flock management practice that is important for scrapie control programs. Determination of sheep PrP alleles typically has required extraction of DNA from host tissues that are freshly derived or stored frozen. We describe application of a DNA extraction procedure for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (PET) for the purpose of PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of relevant codons (136-171) of the sheep PrP gene. Tissues derived from 96 sheep were studied. The DNA sequence identity was confirmed in 87 of 94 matched samples of PET and frozen tissue specimens. DNA from brainstem PET of 2 sheep, from which fresh tissue was not available, was amplified and sequenced after formalin fixation for 7-70 days. This method will allow retrospective analysis of PrP genetics of sheep subsequent to postmortem diagnosis of scrapie when nonfixed tissue is unavailable for DNA extraction; however, it is not recommended that submission of fixed tissue supplant collection of fresh tissues for the purpose of determining PrP gene polymorphisms.
Cardiac electrical restitution properties and stability of reentrant spiral waves: a simulation study.

Spiral wave breakup is a proposed mechanism underlying the transition from ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation. We examined the importance of the restitution of action potential duration (APD) ...
The metal-insulator transition of the Magnéli phase V4O7: Implications for V2O3

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) of the Magneli phase V4O7 is studied by means of electronic-structure calculations using the augmented spherical wave method. The calculations are based on the density-functional theory and the local density approximation. Changes of the electronic structure at the MIT are discussed in relation to the structural transformations occurring simultaneously. The analysis is based on a unified point of view of the crystal structures of all Magneli phase compounds VnO2n − 1 (3 ≤ n ≤ 9) as well as of VO2 and V2O3. This allows to group the electronic bands into states behaving similarly to the dioxide or the sesquioxide. In addition, the relationship between the structural and electronic properties near the MIT of these oxides can be studied on an equal footing. For V4O7, a strong influence of metal-metal bonding across octahedral faces is found for states both parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal chex-axis of V2O3. Furthermore, the structural changes at the MIT cause localization of those states, which mediate in-plane metal-metal bonding via octahedral edges. This band narrowing opens the way to an increased influence of electronic correlations, which are regarded as playing a key role for the MIT of V2O3.
Evaluating Central Regulatory Institutions with an Application to the U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

Alternative governmental models and evaluation designs are used to analyze central regulatory institutions. Such institutions are increasingly used world wide to coordinate or advise decision making on regulatory actions that extend across multiple agencies. Bureaucratic, economic, and political framings are used to inform data collection and analysis. These framings and designs are illustrated using analyses of the process and outcome of regulatory review at the U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Several data sets are analyzed, including a quantile regression of data from Morrall (2003).
Coupling between successive Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide bends and branches

The splitting ratio of a single-mode waveguide structure consisting of a symmetric Y-branch preceded by an abrupt bend has been shown to depend on the bend-branch separation as a result of radiation field coupling. Ti:LiNbO3 channel-waveguide bend-branch structures with segments of various lengths connecting the bend and the branch were fabricated and tested. An equivalent slab-waveguide model of these structures was also analyzed numerically. Measured power-splitting ratios exhibit a strong oscillatory dopendence on the connecting-segment length and range from 0 to ±6 dB, with the oscillations becoming less pronounced at longer connecting-segment lengths. The power splitting also depends on the optical polarization and wavelength and the distribution of diffused titanium in the waveguide. Results of this study can be used to design compact multiple-branching structures.
Cross-layer virtual/physical sensing and actuation for resilient heterogeneous many-core SoCs

We introduce the concepts of cross-layer virtual/physical sensing and actuation to achieve resiliency for the emerging class of heterogeneous many-core Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). Using the CyberPhysical System-on-Chip (CPSoC) concept as an exemplar sensor-rich many-core heterogeneous computing platform, we illustrate how to intrinsically couple on-chip and cross-layer physical and virtual sensing and actuation applied across different layers of the hardware/software system stack to adaptively achieve desired objectives and Quality-of-Service (QoS). We present two sample use cases that exemplify the cross-layer virtual/physical sensing and actuation approach. First, we present SmartBalance, a cross-layer sensing-driven Linux load balancer for energy efficient task execution on hetergoenous MPSOCs. Second, we present Partially Forgetful Memories, a software/hardware approach that achieves dynamic memory guard-banding for memory resilience and its application for approximate computing.
Introducción a la traducción de textos ECOFIN de la UE: marcos teóricos, agentes y casos prácticos

This work presents a proposal of teaching in the field of translation, interpretation and terminology of economic and financial texts of the European Union paying special attention to the Multilingualism. Firstly, I study the historical development of the European multilingual policy. And after that, I offer a proposal based on a triple perspective which consists of a theoretical framework, a list of terminology-participant agents and, finally, some case studies that shed light on the work for the students.
Relationship between Infrastructure, Driver Error, and Critical Incidents

During the course of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-sponsored research project ”Identification of Driver Errors,” ”driver errors” in crashes and near-crashes (i.e., critical incidents) wer...
A Perspective on the Structure and Receptor Binding Properties of Immunoglobulin G Fc

Recombinant antibodies spurred a revolution in medicine that saw the introduction of powerful therapeutics for treating a wide range of diseases, from cancers to autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection, with more applications looming on the horizon. Many of these therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are based on human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) or contain at least a portion of the molecule. Most mAbs require interactions with cell surface receptors for efficacy, including the Fc γ receptors. High-resolution structural models of antibodies and antibody fragments have been available for nearly 40 years; however, a thorough description of the structural features that determine the affinity with which antibodies interact with human receptors has not been published. In this review, we will cover the relevant history of IgG-related literature and how recent developments have changed our view of critical antibody–cell interactions at the atomic level with a nod to outstanding questions in the field and f...
Commissioning test of S-band klystron/photo-gun system for femto-second sub-MeV electron beam R&D

A timely stable femto-second electron beam system is being constructed for pump-probe time-resolved experiments and applications. A pulsed S-band klystron is installed and fully commissioned with 5.5 MW peak power in a 2.5 µs pulse length and 1 Hz repetition rate. A single-cell RF photo-gun is designed to produce with 0.16 – 1.6 pC electron bunches in a photo-emission mode within a 600 fs ∓ 3 ps at 0.5 – 1 MeV. The measured RF system jitters are within ± 1 % in magnitude and ± 0.2° in phase, which would induce 3.4 keV and 0.25 keV of ΔE g , corresponding to 80 fs and 5 fs of Δt e , respectively. The beam brightness could be improved by replacing a conventional photo-cathode with field emission array or carbon nanotube tips as they limit the emission area, while providing high current emission. PIC simulations indicate that our designed bunch compressor reduces the TOA-jitter by about an order of magnitude. The transport and focusing optics of the designed beamline with the bunch compressor enables an energy spread within 10−4 and a bunch length (electron probe) within > 50 – 100 fs.
Association of midlife smoking status with change in processing speed and mental flexibility among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative older men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Smoking is a potential risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. To date, no study has examined the association between smoking and cognitive decline in men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this present study is to examine whether smoking status and severity in midlife is associated with a rate of decline in cognitive processing speed among older HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. Data from 591 older HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were examined. All participants had information on smoking history collected before age 50 years and at least 5 years of follow-up after age 50. Smoking history was categorized as never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker and cumulative pack years was calculated. The raw scores of three neuropsychological tests (Trail Making A, Trail Making B, and Symbol Digit Modalities tests) were log transformed (Trail Making A and B) and used in linear mixed models to determine associations between smoking history and at least subsequent 5-year decline in cognitive processing speed. There were no significant differences in the rates of neurological decline among never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Findings were similar among HIV-seropositive participants. However, an increase of 5 pack-years was statistically significantly associated with a greater rate of decline in the Trail Making Test B score and Composite Score (β −0.0250 [95% CI, −0.0095 to −0.0006] and −0.0077 [95% CI, −0.0153 to −0.0002], respectively). We found no significant association between smoking treated as a categorical variable (never smoked, former smoker, or current smoker) and a small change in every increase of 5 pack-years on measures of psychomotor speed and cognitive flexibility. To optimize healthy aging, interventions for smoking cessation should be tailored to men who have sex with men.
The role of experiential avoidance in the relation between anxiety disorder diagnoses and future physical health symptoms in a community sample of young adult women

Individuals diagnosed with an anxiety disorder report more physical health problems than those without an anxiety disorder. Few studies have examined the relation of anxiety disorders to later physical health symptoms, or the processes that may explain this relation. One process of interest is experiential avoidance (EA), which is commonly reported in populations characterized by high anxiety and often leads to health-compromising behaviors. The present study examined the relations between anxiety disorder diagnostic status, EA, and physical health symptoms in a community sample of young adult women. Results revealed a significant association between an anxiety disorder diagnosis and physical health problems four months later. Furthermore, levels of EA accounted for this relation. Findings highlight the potential utility of targeting EA as a method for improving health outcomes among individuals with anxiety disorders.
Survey of State-of-Art in Green Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is witnessing tremendous growth at one time when climate change and reducing emissions from energy use is gaining attention. With the growth of the cloud, however, comes an increase in demand for energy. There is growing global awareness about reducing greenhouse gas emissions and healthy environments. Green computing in general aims to reduce the consumption of energy and carbon emission and also to recycle and reuse the energy usage in a beneficial and efficient way. Energy consumption is a bottleneck in internet computing technology. Green cloud computing related technology arose as an improvement to cloud computing. Cloud data centers consume inordinate amounts of energy and have significant CO2 emissions as they have a huge network of servers. Furthermore, these data centers are tightly linked to provide high performance services, outsourcing and sharing resources to multiple users through the internet. This paper gives an overview about green cloud computing and its evolution, surveys related work, discusses associated integrated green cloud architecture-Green Cloud Framework, innovations, and technologies, and highlights future work and challenges that need to be addressed to sustain an eco-friendly cloud computing environment that is poised for significant growth.
Action-Control Beliefs and Agentic Actions

Throughout their lifespan, agentic individuals consistently update their understandings of situational and environmental contexts and frequently deconstruct and reconstruct their actions as well as the consequences of their actions that arose within these contexts. Highly agentic persons display high aspirations, are motivated to engage the environment, and persist through difficulty. Individuals who are not agentic have lower aspirations, believe that actions have little effect on their outcomes, and are lacking in basic problem-solving skills. These non-agentic individuals typically accept failures and do not reflect on the actions which led to the failure. This chapter overviews action-control beliefs and Action-Control Theory. Action-control beliefs involve three general beliefs that reflect the relationship between the three components of an action sequence: control expectancy, which refers to the relation between agent and ends, meaning that individual’s expectancy about their capability to achieve a given goal or end; means-ends beliefs, which represent the relation between means and ends; and agency beliefs, refer to an individual’s beliefs of what means they are capable of utilizing when the self acts as an agent.
The feminization of environmental responsibility: a quantitative, cross-national analysis

ABSTRACTWomen tend to engage more frequently in pro-environmental behavior (PEB) relative to men – what has been termed the ‘feminization of environmental responsibility’. While past research has found that women participate in higher levels of PEB compared to men cross-nationally, the variation in this gender gap across national contexts has yet to be explained. The question driving this research is: what is the context in which environmental responsibility is most feminized? I address this question by conducting a quantitative cross-national analysis of gender differences in PEB using International Social Survey Programme 2010 data on 30 countries. As expected, women report greater involvement in PEB than men in the vast majority of countries analyzed. The gender gap is not only explained by women’s greater levels of reported environmental concern than men in these countries, but also by a country’s level of market liberalization and ratio of female to male labor force participation. This research contr...
Framing the Oil Spill Disaster: How South Korean Newspapers Present Responsibility and Severity When Covering the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill

This study examines how South Korean newspapers framed the Hebei Spirit oil spill disaster in 2007 with two key concepts of situational crisis communication theory (SCCT): crisis responsibility and...
Belief Propagation and Quickest Detection-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Heterogeneous and Dynamic Environments

Cognitive radio is one of the enabling technologies considered for the next generation communication systems for many mission-critical applications. In cognitive radio systems, cooperative spectrum sensing is one of the key techniques that can improve reliability and agility. In this paper, a framework that integrates quickest detection and belief propagation is applied to the cooperative spectrum sensing, where the primary user activities are heterogeneous in the space and dynamic in the time. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed mathematically. Using numerical simulations, detection performance measured by false alarm rate and average detection delay is obtained for different setups. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves better receiver operational curves than traditional detection method.
Uptake of AV-1451 in meningiomas.

AV-1451 is an imaging agent labeled with the positron-emitting radiolabel Fluorine-18. 18F-AV-1451 binds paired helical filament tau (PHF-tau), a pathology related to Alzheimer’s disease. In our study of AV-1451 uptake in the brains of cognitively normal subjects, we noted a case of a meningioma with visually significant uptake of AV-1451. We initiated the present retrospective study to further examine cases of meningioma that underwent AV-1451 imaging. We searched the patient records of 650 patients who had undergone AV-1451 at our institution for the keyword “meningioma” to identify potential cases. PET/CT and MRI results were visually reviewed and semi-quantitative analysis of PET was performed. A paired student’s t test was run between background and tumor standard uptake values. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the association between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications on CT. We identified 12 cases of meningioma, 58% (7/12) of which demonstrated uptake greater than background using both visual analysis and tumor-to-normal cortex ratios (T/N + 1.90 ± 0.83). The paired student’s t test revealed no statistically significant difference between background and tumor standard uptake values (p = 0.09); however, cases with a T/N ratio greater than one showed statistically higher uptake in tumor tissue (p = 0.01). A significant association was noted between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications (p = 0.01). AV-1451 PET imaging should be reviewed concurrently with anatomic imaging to prevent misleading interpretations of PHF-tau distribution due to meningiomas.
Marijuana use and associated motives in Colorado university students.

Background and Objectives Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug among college students, with heavy use leading to negative outcomes. Use of marijuana for medical and recreational purposes in select U.S. states has been controversial, with concerns surrounding increased prevalence rates and harm. The current exploratory study aimed to assess marijuana use in college students in Colorado, demographic differences in frequency of use, and motives for using. Methods College students (N = 300; 61% female) were recruited through introductory psychology courses and completed a series of questionnaires and a marijuana urine screen. Results Almost three-fourths of the sample reported lifetime use of marijuana. Sixty-five percent used marijuana within the last year and 29% tested positive on the urine screen. Hurdle Poisson regression models with a subset of participants (n = 117) showed non-Greek and freshman status were associated with increased number of days participants used marijuana in the last month. Problem marijuana use was positively associated with a range of motives—of note—motives focused on coping, boredom, alcohol, and food. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Prevalence rates of marijuana use were high in this sample of college students in a state with legal recreational marijuana use. Particular students (eg, students who use marijuana to cope) may be at higher risk for problem marijuana use. Developing effective, tailored interventions for university students is warranted. (Am J Addict 2017;26:830–837)
Structured redesign of a hospital-based code response team using Six Sigma tools and human factors principles to facilitate teamwork

Abstract Introduction Response to in-hospital cardiac arrest (a “code”) requires the coordinated efforts of a team of medical professionals in a high-stress, high-risk healthcare setting. This can lead to a chaotic situation. Excessive noise and confusion must be improved to deliver the most effective care. Purpose To develop a paradigm for efficient and effective code response. Methods An interprofessional team used Six Sigma tools to identify characteristics of an “ideal” process for the two identified phases of code response. Further discussion and application of human factors engineering principles produced a paradigm for the code response process. Discussion/conclusions The aim of this structured redesign of our institution's code response process was to reduce the amount of nonproductive noise and confusion during code response through clarification of roles and responsibilities of code team members. The application of engineering principles and interprofessional nature of the redesign group were vital to the successful redesign process.
NOD2 mediates CNS inflammatory responses of primary murine glia in streptococcal meningitis (136.34)

Resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) such as microglia and astrocytes initiate and/or augment inflammation following trauma or infection. We have previously demonstrated that glia constitutively express nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), a member of the novel nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat region-containing family of proteins (NLR) that functions as an intracellular receptor for a minimal motif present in all bacterial peptidoglycans. We have also shown that this NLR is essential for glial responses to Gram-negative pathogens and the subsequent in vivo CNS inflammation. In the present study, we have established that intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major causative agent for Gram-positive bacterial meningitis in adults, is a potent stimulus for the activation of the pivotal inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB and production of inflammatory cytokines in primary murine microglia and astrocytes. We demonstrate that NOD2 is essential for the maximal responses of these cells to intact S. pneumoniae but not cellular lysates. Finally, we have shown that NOD2 is required for the elevated inflammatory mediator levels, astrogliosis, and demyelination, following in vivo administration of this Gram-positive CNS pathogen. As such, we suggest that NOD2 plays a critical role in the establishment of the lethal inflammation associated with streptococcal meningitis.