cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CORROSION OF THE MORSE TAPER RESULTS IN A HIGHER RATE OF REVISION FOR A BROACH ONLY TAPERED STEM IN PRIMARY THA

INTRODUCTION Corrosion of modular tapers is increasingly recognized as a source of adverse tissue reaction (ALTR) and revision surgery in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The incidence of corrosion and rate of revision for ALTR may differ among different types of implants. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in rate of THA revision for corrosion and ALTR with tapered broach only stems compared to ream-broach femoral stems. METHODS We reviewed the results of 3741 primary THA performed over a 5 year period at our institution using 2 different implants by the same manufacturer, a tapered proximally coated cementless titanium stem inserted via a broach only technique (Group A) and dual tapered proximally coated cementless titanium stem inserted via a ream and broach technique (Group B). RESULTS Of 1567 THA in group A, 964 were combined with a chrome cobalt metal head, while 603 were ceramic. Of 2174 THA in group B, 1302 were metal and 872 were ceramic. Head sizes used were similar between groups. The same polyethylene was used in all THA. At a minimum follow-up of 2 years and average follow-up of 5 years, the overall revision rate for all causes was 3.1% in group A and 1.4% in group B. There were 29 revisions for ALTR due to corrosion of the morse taper junction in group A (3.4%) and 0 in group B. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated no relationship between revision for corrosion/ALTR and age, gender, stem size, stem offset and head size. A significant relationship was identified between revision and head length, with an increased rate of revision among longer head lengths. There were no revisions for corrosion, ALTR or unexplained pain among patients receiving ceramic heads in either group. CONCLUSION There was a significant difference in the rate of revision for corrosion and adverse tissue reaction encountered with the use of stem A when compared to stem B. The stem geometry, taper geometry and exact metallurgy of these femoral components likely influences the incidence and severity of taper corrosion, however, more research is required to identify the exact contributions of these factors.
Middle Cranial Fossa (MCF) Approach Without the Use of Lumbar Drain for the Management of Spontaneous Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Leaks.

Objective:To determine the efficacy and morbidity of repairing spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach without the use of a lumbar drain (LD), as perioperative use of LD remains controversial.Study Design:Retrospective review from 2003 to 2015.Setting
Community Social Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility

This study examines whether community social capital in US counties, as captured by strength of civic norms and density of social networks in the counties, affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) of resident corporations headquartered in the counties. Analyses of longitudinal data from 3688 unique US firms between 1997 and 2009 provide strong empirical support for the propositions that community social capital facilitates positive CSR activities that benefit non-shareholder stakeholders and constrains negative CSR activities that are detrimental to non-shareholder stakeholders. Additionally, we explore the effects of institutional logics arising from community isomorphism on positive and negative CSR activities, respectively. And, we explore the respective effects of corporate engagement in positive and negative CSR activities on corporate financial performance. Firms undertake more positive CSR activities when such activities are more prevalent among other local corporations headquartered in the same county. But, there is no systematic relationship between negative CSR activities and the community-level corporate engagement in negative CSR activities. Positive CSR activities enhance a firm’s future financial performance, and the positive effect is more prominent among firms headquartered in counties with high community social capital. However, negative CSR activities only reduce a firm’s future financial performance among firms headquartered in counties with high community social capital; negative CSR activities do not affect performance among firms headquartered in counties with lower levels of community social capital. Collectively, these results highlight the distinct effects of local social institutions, namely community social capital, on positive CSR activities and negative CSR activities, respectively.
The second destruction of the Geldermalsen

This review of C. J. A. Jorg’s book on the Chinese porcelain from the Dutch East India Company ship Geldermalsen, which sank in 1752, addresses some broader questions involved in the destruction of shipwreck sites for commercial profit. These questions grew out of the issue of what relationship scholars should have with those who destroy sites and acquire objects from them. The first part of the article is a review of Jorg’s book, followed by a commentary on the problems that collecting from looted sites raise.
BM3D-PRGAMP: Compressive phase retrieval based on BM3D denoising

The explosion of computational imaging has seen the frontier of image processing move past linear problems, like denoising and deblurring, and towards non-linear problems such as phase retrieval. There has a been a corresponding research thrust into non-linear image recovery algorithms, but in many ways this research is stuck where linear problem research was twenty years ago: Models, if used at all, are simple designs like sparsity or smoothness. In this paper we use denoisers to impose elaborate and accurate models in order to perform inference on generalized linear systems. More specifically, we use the state-of-the-art BM3D denoiser within the Generalized Approximate Message Passing (GAMP) framework to solve compressive phase retrieval. Our method demonstrates recovery performance equivalent to existing techniques using fewer than half as many measurements. This dramatic improvement in compressive phase retrieval performance opens the door for a whole new class of imaging systems.
Self-Mediated Risk in Criminal Law

The paper addresses the question whether ‘self-mediated risk’ – risk whose coming-to-fruition depends on future volitional conduct by the actor himself – bears on the wrongfulness of an actor's present conduct. Moral philosophers have long been divided on this question. ‘Actualists’ take the view that an actor's present moral obligations do, in fact, depend on what he or she actually is likely to do in the future. In contrast, ‘possibilists’ take the view that an actor's present obligations depend only on what he or she will have the capacity to do in the future. This paper argues that actualism better captures the morality that underlies the criminal law. The paper also explores actualism's implications for criminal law. Among these is the implication that the locus of moral fault in criminal cases sometimes is temporally removed from the conduct that triggers the assignment of blame.
Optical flow techniques in biomimetic UAV vision

Optical flow techniques using grayscale image sequences are known to provide powerful solutions for motion estimation and shape reconstruction applications. In this paper, recent advances in optical flow computation from color image sequences are compared and refined to provide alternative optical flow computation techniques for biomimetic vision and control systems. Experimentation is performed in the specific context of flying insect-inspired systems to provide unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or flying robots with the ability to navigate through near-Earth environment without colliding with obstacles
Neural Functional Programming

We discuss a range of modeling choices that arise when constructing an end-to-end differentiable programming language suitable for learning programs from input-output examples. Taking cues from programming languages research, we study the effect of memory allocation schemes, immutable data, type systems, and built-in control-flow structures on the success rate of learning algorithms. We build a range of models leading up to a simple differentiable functional programming language. Our empirical evaluation shows that this language allows to learn far more programs than existing baselines.
Optimal growth with heterogeneous agents and the twisted turnpike: An example

The dynamics of a welfare-maximizing, heterogeneous-agent, one-sector optimal Ramsey model is analyzed assuming two agents, each with a distinct discount factor and log utility. Production is Cobb–Douglas. Explicit time-varying policy functions are derived, one for each period. A twisted turnpike property and eventually monotone dynamics are demonstrated to govern the evolution of the economy’s aggregate capital stock.
Ubiquitous evaluation of layer potentials using Quadrature by Kernel-Independent Expansion

We introduce a quadrature scheme—QBKIX —for the ubiquitous high-order accurate evaluation of singular layer potentials associated with general elliptic PDEs, i.e., a scheme that yields high accuracy at all distances to the domain boundary as well as on the boundary itself. Relying solely on point evaluations of the underlying kernel, our scheme is essentially PDE-independent; in particular, no analytic expansion nor addition theorem is required. Moreover, it applies to boundary integrals with singular, weakly singular, and hypersingular kernels. Our work builds upon quadrature by expansion, which approximates the potential by an analytic expansion in the neighborhood of each expansion center. In contrast, we use a sum of fundamental solutions lying on a ring enclosing the neighborhood, and solve a small dense linear system for their coefficients to match the potential on a smaller concentric ring. We test the new method with Laplace, Helmholtz, Yukawa, Stokes, and Navier (elastostatic) kernels in two dimensions (2D) using adaptive, panel-based boundary quadratures on smooth and corner domains. Advantages of the algorithm include its relative simplicity of implementation, immediate extension to new kernels, dimension-independence (allowing simple generalization to 3D), and compatibility with fast algorithms such as the kernel-independent FMM.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of GaN homoepitaxy on c- and m-plane surfaces.

The surface orientation can have profound effects on the atomic-scale processes of crystal growth and is essential to such technologies as GaN-based light-emitting diodes and high-power electronics. We investigate the dependence of homoepitaxial growth mechanisms on the surface orientation of a hexagonal crystal using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. To model GaN metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, in which N species are supplied in excess, only Ga atoms on a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) lattice are considered. The results are thus potentially applicable to any HCP material. Growth behaviors on c-plane (0001) and m-plane (011¯0) surfaces are compared. We present a reciprocal space analysis of the surface morphology, which allows extraction of growth mode boundaries and direct comparison with surface X-ray diffraction experiments. For each orientation, we map the boundaries between 3-dimensional, layer-by-layer, and step flow growth modes as a function of temperature and growth rate. Two models for surface ...
Nonlinear Modal Decoupling of Multi-Oscillator Systems With Applications to Power Systems

Many natural and manmade dynamical systems that are modeled as large nonlinear multi-oscillator systems like power systems are hard to analyze. For such systems, we propose a nonlinear modal decoupling (NMD) approach inversely constructing as many decoupled nonlinear oscillators as the system’s oscillation modes so that individual decoupled oscillators can be easily analyzed to infer dynamics and stability of the original system. The NMD follows a similar idea to the normal form except that we eliminate inter-modal terms but allow intra-modal terms of desired nonlinearities in decoupled systems, so decoupled systems can flexibly be shaped into desired forms of nonlinear oscillators. The NMD is then applied to power systems toward two types of nonlinear oscillators, i.e. the single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) systems and a proposed non-SMIB oscillator. Numerical studies on a 3-machine 9-bus system and New England 10-machine 39-bus system show that: 1) decoupled oscillators keep a majority of the original system’s modal nonlinearities and the NMD can provide a bigger validity region than the normal form and 2) decoupled non-SMIB oscillators may keep more authentic dynamics of the original system than decoupled SMIB systems.
Coarse Competitive Equilibrium and Extreme Prices

We introduce a notion of coarse competitive equilibrium, to study agents' inability to tailor their consumption to prices. Our goal is to incorporate limited cognitive ability (in particular limited attention, memory, and complexity) into the analysis of competitive equilibrium. Compared to standard competitive equilibrium, our concept yields more extreme prices and, when all agents have the same endowment, riskier allocations. We provide a tractable model suitable for general equilibrium analysis as well as asset pricing.
Anisotropic crystallization in solution processed chalcogenide thin film by linearly polarized laser

The low activation energy associated with amorphous chalcogenide structures offers broad tunability of material properties with laser-based or thermal processing. In this paper, we study near-bandgap laser induced anisotropic crystallization in solution processed arsenic sulfide. The modified electronic bandtail states associated with laser irradiation lead to a distinctive photoluminescence spectrum, compared to thermally annealed amorphous glass. Laser crystalized materials exhibit a periodic subwavelength ripple structure in transmission electron microscopy experiments and show polarization dependent photoluminescence. Analysis of the local atomic structure of these materials using laboratory-based X-ray pair distribution function analysis indicates that laser irradiation causes a slight rearrangement at the atomic length scale, with a small percentage of S-S homopolar bonds converting to As-S heteropolar bonds. These results highlight fundamental differences between laser and thermal processing in thi...
Safety Verification and Control for Collision Avoidance at Road Intersections

This paper presents a supervisory algorithm that prevents side collisions among vehicles at an intersection by taking control of vehicles when necessary. Based on the vehicles’ current state and drivers’ desired inputs, the supervisor verifies whether there exists an input signal with which vehicles can cross the intersection without collision. Instead of directly searching for the existence of such an input signal, we solve an equivalent jobshop scheduling problem, which leads to a more tractable solution. The jobshop scheduling problem determines the existence of a schedule, i.e., times at which vehicles can enter conflict areas within an intersection, such that vehicles do not meet in any conflict area. This problem is approximately solved via two mixed integer linear programming problems formulated for simplified vehicle dynamics. The solutions to these problems provide over- and underapproximations of the solution to the jobshop scheduling problem with quantified approximation bounds. We theoretically demonstrate that this supervisor keeps the intersection safe and is nonblocking. Computer simulations further validate that the algorithm can run in real time for problems of realistic size.
Metric spaces in NMR crystallography

The anisotropic character of the chemical shift can be measured by experiments that provide shift tensor values and comparing these experimental components, obtained from microcrystalline powders, with 3D nuclear shielding tensor components, calculated with quantum chemistry, yields structural models of the analyzed molecules. The use of a metric tensor for evaluating the mean squared deviations, d2, between two or more tensors provides a statistical way to verify the molecular structure governing the theoretical shielding components. The sensitivity of the method is comparable with diffraction methods for the heavier organic atoms (i.e., C, O, N, etc.) but considerably better for the positions of H atoms. Thus, the method is especially powerful for H-bond structure, the position of water molecules in biomolecular species, and other proton important structural features, etc. Unfortunately, the traditional Cartesian tensor components appear as reducible metric representations and lack the orthogonality of irreducible icosahedral and irreducible spherical tensors, both of which are also easy to normalize. Metrics give weighting factors that carry important statistical significance in a structure determination. Details of the mathematical analysis are presented and examples given to illustrate the reason nuclear magnetic resonance are rapidly assuming an important synergistic relationship with diffraction methods (X-ray, neutron scattering, and high energy synchrotron irradiation). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 217–237, 2009.
Noise-resilient group testing: Limitations and constructions

We study combinatorial group testing schemes for learning d-sparse Boolean vectors using highly unreliable disjunctive measurements. We consider an adversarial noise model that only limits the number of false observations, and show that any noise-resilient scheme in this model can only approximately reconstruct the sparse vector. On the positive side, we take this barrier to our advantage and show that approximate reconstruction (within a satisfactory degree of approximation) allows us to break the information theoretic lower bound of @[email protected]?(d^2logn) that is known for exact reconstruction of d-sparse vectors of length n via non-adaptive measurements, by a multiplicative factor @[email protected]?(d). Specifically, we give simple randomized constructions of non-adaptive measurement schemes, with m=O(dlogn) measurements, that allow efficient reconstruction ofd-sparse vectors up to O(d) false positives even in the presence of @dm false positives and O(m/d) false negatives within the measurement outcomes, for any constant @d<1. We show that, information theoretically, none of these parameters can be substantially improved without dramatically affecting the others. Furthermore, we obtain several explicit constructions, in particular one matching the randomized trade-off but using m=O(d^1^+^o^(^1^)logn) measurements. We also obtain explicit constructions that allow fast reconstruction in time poly(m), which would be sublinear in n for sufficiently sparse vectors. The main tool used in our construction is the list-decoding view of randomness condensers and extractors. An immediate consequence of our result is an adaptive scheme that runs in only two non-adaptive rounds and exactly reconstructs any d-sparse vector using a total O(dlogn) measurements, a task that would be impossible in one round and fairly easy in O(log(n/d)) or d rounds.
The chemistry of sodium with sulfur in flames

Abstract An experimental and analytical program of sodium/sulfur chemistry has been conducted in a series of fuel rich and lean H2/O2/N2 flames, with and without added sulfur, and covering a wide range of temperatures and stoichiometries. Fluorescence measurements of OH and Na profiles together with sodium line reversal temperature profiles provided a broad data base for kinetic modeling. Analysis indicated NaSO2 to be the only significant sodium/sulfur product formed in the lean flames. NaOS is dominant in the rich flames, coupled with small contributions from NaSO2, NaSH, NaS and NaS2. A bond dissociation energy of D0(NaSO2) = 197 ± 20 kJ mol−1 is derived. Calculations indicate that the linear or triangular structures for NaOS both co-exist in approximately equal proportions in flames. Analyses based on results developed in the study show that Na2SO4 formation is kinetically limited and cannot be a significant gas phase flame product at sodium levels much below 100 ppm. Na2SO4 induced corrosion in combustion systems must result from heterogeneously formed Na2SO4.
H4-alkanes: A new class of hydrogen storage material?

Abstract The methane-based material (H 2 ) 4 CH 4 , also called H4M for short, is in essence a methane molecule with 4 physisorbed H 2 molecules. While H4M has exceptionally high hydrogen storage densities when it forms a molecular solid, unfortunately, this solid is only stable at impractically high pressures and/or low temperatures. To overcome this limitation, we show through simulations that longer alkanes (methane is the shortest alkane) also form stable structures that still physisorb 4 H 2 molecules per carbon atom; we call those structures H4-alkanes. We further show via molecular dynamics simulations that the stability field of molecular solids formed from H4-alkanes increases remarkably with chain length compared to H4M, just as it does for regular alkanes. From our simulations of H4-alkanes with lengths 1, 4, 10, and 20, we see that e.g. for the 20-carbon the stability field is doubled at higher pressures. While even longer chains show only insignificant improvements, we discuss various other options to stabilize H4-alkanes more. Our proof-of-principle results lay the groundwork to show that H4-alkanes can become viable hydrogen storage materials.
Learning Particle Physics by Example: Location-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks for Physics Synthesis

We provide a bridge between generative modeling in the Machine Learning community and simulated physical processes in high energy particle physics by applying a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture to the production of jet images—2D representations of energy depositions from particles interacting with a calorimeter. We propose a simple architecture, the Location-Aware Generative Adversarial Network, that learns to produce realistic radiation patterns from simulated high energy particle collisions. The pixel intensities of GAN-generated images faithfully span over many orders of magnitude and exhibit the desired low-dimensional physical properties (i.e., jet mass, n-subjettiness, etc.). We shed light on limitations, and provide a novel empirical validation of image quality and validity of GAN-produced simulations of the natural world. This work provides a base for further explorations of GANs for use in faster simulation in high energy particle physics.
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election

Following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories (“fake news”), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: (i) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their “most important” source; (ii) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; (iii) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and (iv) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.
ORGANOBORANES—THE MODERN MIRACLE

Organoboranes, readily available via the hydroboration of unsaturated organic compounds, exhibit a remarkable versatility in their reactions. They offer unusual promise as intermediates for application in organic synthesis.
Chorioretinal Coloboma Complications: Retinal Detachment and Choroidal Neovascular Membrane.

Purpose: To report the chorioretinal coloboma, and its association with increased risk of retinal detachment (RD) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: This retrospective case series included eyes with chorioretinal coloboma diagnosed between 1995 and 2014 with a focus on RD and CNV as related complications. Cases of CNV were managed with laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. For eyes with CNV, therapeutic success was defined as resolution of the subretinal hemorrhage on fundus examination and resolution of the subretinal and intraretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT). For eyes with RD, anatomic success following surgical intervention was defined as attachment of the retina at the last follow-up visit. Results: Fifty-one eyes of 31 patients with chorioretinal coloboma were identified for review. Bilateral chorioretinal coloboma was present in 64.5% of subjects. RD developed in 15 eyes (29.4%). Among 15 eyes with RD, 4 eyes (27%) had retinal breaks identified within the coloboma, 5 eyes (33%) had retinal breaks outside the coloboma, 2 eyes (13%) showed retinal breaks both inside and outside the coloboma, and in 4 eyes (27%) the causative retinal break was not localized. The overall rate of anatomic success after RD repair was 85.7%. CNV developed in 7 eyes (13.7%) and was located along the margin of the coloboma in all cases. CNV was bilateral in 2 of the 5 affected individuals (40%). Conclusion: RD and CNV were present in a high percentage of eyes with chorioretinal coloboma in these series. The frequent finding of retinal breaks outside the coloboma bed suggests that vitreoretinal interface abnormalities may play a role in development of RD in these eyes.
EAC-Net: A Region-Based Deep Enhancing and Cropping Approach for Facial Action Unit Detection

In this paper, we propose a deep learning basedapproach for facial action unit detection by enhancing andcropping the regions of interest. The approach is implementedby adding two novel nets (layers): the enhancing layers and thecropping layers, to a pretrained CNN model. For the enhancinglayers (the E-Net), we designed an attention map based on faciallandmark features and applied it to a pretrained neural networkto conduct enhanced learning. For the cropping layers (the CNet), we crop facial regions around the detected landmarksand design convolutional layers to learn deeper features foreach facial region. We then fuse the E-Net and the C-Net toobtain our Enhancing and Cropping (EAC) Net, which canlearn both feature enhancing and region cropping functions.Our approach shows significant improvement in performancecompared to the state-of-the-art methods applied to BP4D andDISFA AU datasets.
WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW CAN HURT YOU: KNOWLEDGE PROBLEMS IN MONETARY POLICY

While the primary causes of the 2007-8 financial crisis are disputed, many economists hold that the monetary policy missteps played a role in causing or prolonging the financial crisis. In light of the perceived failure of monetary orthodoxy, monetary models are being theoretically refined and empirically recalibrated. Absent from these technical debates is a recognition of the immense knowledge burdens inherent in monetary policy. We argue that Fed authorities simply do not, and in all likelihood cannot, have the knowledge required to achieve their own monetary objectives, given their inability to approximately measure or predict changes in the demand for money. Finally, we evaluate the ability of NGDP targeting and free banking to overcome this knowledge problem.
New SIMS reference materials for measuring water in upper mantle minerals

Trace amounts of water in the nominally anhydrous minerals of the upper mantle can dramatically affect their thermodynamic and rheological properties. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has become a mainstream technique for quantifying small amounts of water in these minerals, but depends on standards with known concentrations of water. The current standards in use for mantle minerals are well-characterized (Hauri et al. 2002; Koga et al. 2003; Aubaud et al. 2007; Mosenfelder and Rossman 2013a, 2013b), but a lack of extra material has limited the spread of this technique to other laboratories. We present new SIMS measurements on natural mantle xenolith pyroxenes that are suitable for use as calibration reference materials. They are calibrated off of the pyroxene standards currently in use at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (Koga et al. 2003; Aubaud et al. 2007). They have homogeneous water contents, defined as a standard deviation of 2 O cover ranges from 52 to 328 ppm and from 9 to 559 ppm in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, respectively, covering most of the observed range of mantle water contents. The samples are evenly distributed over those ranges. The orthopyroxene reference materials can also be used to measure water in olivine based on previous observations that these two minerals have similar calibration slopes. The new pyroxene reference materials can also be used to calibrate fluorine and phosphorus at low concentrations. We found that fluorine in particular was homogeneous in both orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, with concentrations of 3 to 50 ppm in orthopyroxene and 0.5 to 118 ppm in clinopyroxene. Phosphorus ranges from below detection up to 19 ppm in orthopyroxene and up to 73 ppm in clinopyroxene, but was more heterogeneous within some samples. Most of the reference materials have concentrations at the lower end of the ranges for fluorine and phosphorus in this study, with only a few samples showing higher concentrations.
Revisiting unsupervised learning for defect prediction

Collecting quality data from software projects can be time-consuming and expensive. Hence, some researchers explore "unsupervised" approaches to quality prediction that does not require labelled data. An alternate technique is to use "supervised" approaches that learn models from project data labelled with, say, "defective" or "not-defective". Most researchers use these supervised models since, it is argued, they can exploit more knowledge of the projects. At FSE-16, Yang et al. reported startling results where unsupervised defect predictors outperformed supervised predictors for effort-aware just-in-time defect prediction. If confirmed, these results would lead to a dramatic simplification of a seemingly complex task (data mining) that is widely explored in the software engineering literature. This paper repeats and refutes those results as follows. (1) There is much variability in the efficacy of the Yang et al. predictors so even with their approach, some supervised data is required to prune weaker predictors away. (2) Their findings were grouped across N projects. When we repeat their analysis on a project-by-project basis, supervised predictors are seen to work better. Even though this paper rejects the specific conclusions of Yang et al., we still endorse their general goal. In our our experiments, supervised predictors did not perform outstandingly better than unsupervised ones for effort-aware just-in-time defect prediction. Hence, they may indeed be some combination of unsupervised learners to achieve comparable performance to supervised ones. We therefore encourage others to work in this promising area.
A SEARCH FOR NEUTRAL BARYON RESONANCES BELOW PION THRESHOLD

The reaction p(e,e′π+)X0 was studied with two high resolution magnetic spectrometers to search for narrow baryon resonances. A missing mass resolution of 2.0 MeV was achieved. A search for structures in the mass region of 0.97<MX0<1.06 GeV yielded no significant signal. The yield ratio of p(e,e′π+)X0/p(e,e′π+)n was determined to be (-0.35±0.35)×10-3 at 1.004 GeV and (0.34±0.42)×10-3 at 1.044 GeV. This measurement clearly demonstrated the potential of high resolution missing mass searches in coincidence experiments.
Growth plate abnormalities in pediatric cancer patients undergoing phase 1 anti-angiogenic therapy: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Phase i Consortium

Background Pre-clinical studies suggest that anti-angiogenic agents may be toxic to the developing growth plate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of growth plate abnormalities in children with refractory cancer undergoing anti-angiogenic therapy. Procedure Targeted radiographic studies from 53 subjects enrolled on six separate Children's Oncology Group Phase 1 and Pilot Consortium clinical trials evaluating new anti-cancer agents interfering with angiogenesis were reviewed. Subjects received tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anti-angiogenic effects (n = 35), monoclonal antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (n = 13), or angiopoietin (n = 5). Radiographs of their distal femur/proximal tibia were obtained at baseline. Follow-up radiographs were obtained after odd-numbered treatment cycles in patients with open growth plates who did not experience disease progression prior to cycle 3. Results Baseline and follow-up growth plate radiographs were acquired in 48/53 (90%) of patients. Five patients (9.4%), all of whom received a specific VEGF/VEGFR blocking agent (sunitinib [n = 1] or pazopanib [n = 4]), had growth plate abnormalities. Four patients had growth plate widening that was apparent on at least two successive radiographs, but was not confirmed by MRI. The fifth patient had progressive growth plate widening and evidence of physeal cartilage hypertrophy on MRI. Subsequent off treatment radiographs showed that the growth plate changes were reversible. Conclusion Growth plate abnormalities occur in a small, but relevant number of patients undergoing anti-angiogenic therapy. These results support the need for growth plate monitoring in children with open growth plates who are receiving anti-angiogenic therapy, and for improved methods to assess toxicity of anti-angiogenic agents to the developing skeleton. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:45–51. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Volume-of-fluid simulations in microfluidic T-junction devices: Influence of viscosity ratio on droplet size

We used volume-of-fluid (VOF) method to perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of droplet formation of Newtonian fluids in microfluidic T-junction devices. To evaluate the performance of the VOF method we examined the regimes of drop formation and determined droplet size as a function of system parameters. Comparison of the simulation results with four sets of experimental data from the literature showed good agreement, validating the VOF method. Motivated by the lack of adequate studies investigating the influence of viscosity ratio (λ) on the generated droplet size, we mapped the dependence of drop volume on capillary number (0.001 1. In addition, we find that at a given capillary number, the size of droplets does not vary appreciably when λ 1. We develop an analytical model for predicting the droplet size that includes a viscosity-dependent breakup time for the dispersed phase. This improved model successfully predicts the effects of the viscosity ratio observed in simulations. Results from this study are useful for the design of lab-on-chip technologies and manufacture of microfluidic emulsions, where there is a need to know how system parameters influence the droplet size.
The Election Monitor's Curse

Election monitoring has become a key instrument of democracy promotion. Election monitors routinely expect to deter fraud and prevent post-election violence, but in reality, post-election violence often increases when monitors do expose fraud. We argue that monitors can make all elections less fraudulent and more peaceful on average, but only by causing more violence in fraudulent elections. Due to this curse, strategic election monitors can make a positive impact on elections only if their objectives are aligned in a very specific fashion. Monitors who do not aim to prevent violence can be effective only if they are unbiased, whereas monitors who do aim to prevent violence can be effective only if they are moderately biased against the government. Consequently, election monitors with misaligned objectives will fail to prevent violence, whereas monitors with well-aligned objectives will be blamed for causing violence.
Tight Analysis of a Collisionless Robot Gathering Algorithm

We consider the fundamental problem of gathering a set of n robots in the Euclidean plane that have a physical extent and hence cannot share their positions with other robots. The objective is to determine a minimum time schedule to gather the robots as close together as possible around a predefined gathering point avoiding collisions. This problem with minimum time objective has applications in many real-world scenarios including fast autonomous coverage formation. Cord-Landwehr et al. (in Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, 2011) gave a local greedy algorithm in a fully synchronous setting and proved that, for the discrete version of the problem where robots’ movements are restricted to the positions on an integral grid, their algorithm solves this problem in O(nR) rounds, where R is the distance from the farthest initial robot position to the gathering point. In this article, we improve significantly the round complexity of their algorithm to R + 2 · (n - 1) rounds. This round complexity is obtained in the following modified model: (1) the viewing range of the robots is increased to three hops and (2) robots can additionally move to the diagonally opposite corner to a grid cell in one step—that is, they can traverse the two corresponding grid edges in one time step. We also prove that there are initial configurations of n robots in this problem where at least R+(n-1)/2 rounds are needed by any local greedy algorithm. Furthermore, we improve the lower bound to R + (n - 1) rounds for the algorithm of Cord-Landwehr et al. These results altogether provide a tight runtime analysis of their algorithm.
Time-Lapse Photography of Runway Reconstruction for Education and Training

Airfield construction projects have unique construction challenges because of their close proximity to aircraft operations. During these projects, communication, safety areas, airspace protection zones, and foreign object damage are emphasized. Incursions and incidents are of significant concern to FAA, the airport operator, and the contractor. This paper discusses and illustrates how time-lapse photography can be used to develop training and educational material pertaining to the construction practices on airfields. This proposed idea is illustrated through case studies documenting runway reconstruction at two airports in Indiana. The paper is supplemented by several images and with links to YouTube videos to illustrate these concepts. This material is beneficial for training construction workers in airfield awareness, and it provides an overall understanding of the complexities of airside construction. Although this paper focuses on general aviation airports, the material can be of value to all sizes an...
The Road to Tolerance and Understanding.

In all parts of the world, an important discussion has begun in response to the discord and turbulence of the 2016 US Presidential campaign and some postelection actions.1 The tensions and stressors that have generated a global wave of worry and uncertainty have created a need to ensure tolerance and understanding in our generation, in our children, and in future generations. We hope that an awareness of the need for enhanced tolerance and understanding of other people and other people’s beliefs can help unite us and begin a journey of healing. We address this commentary to the entire child and adolescent health community. As pediatricians, we wish to discuss steps we can all take to be more welcoming, tolerant, and understanding of those who may see things differently from us. This includes fellow pediatricians and other pediatric health professionals whose opinions may not be the same as their colleagues but who share a common commitment to ensuring a bright future for all children and adolescents. We believe tolerance and understanding are intertwined in the path toward human progress. In all health care settings and in all policy discussions, both tolerance and understanding are essential. We define tolerance as the acceptance of another person, another viewpoint, or another behavior that is different from our own. Tolerance expands our ability to be open to new ideas, to people who have different viewpoints, or to people who are different from ourselves. Tolerance for those who are different from us or disagree with us allows us to recognize … Address correspondence to Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH, FAAP, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, 10833 LeConte, MC 175217, 12-358 MDCC, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail: pszilagyi{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Synthesizing Mapping Relationships Using Table Corpus

Mapping relationships, such as (country, country-code) or (company, stock-ticker), are versatile data assets for an array of applications in data cleaning and data integration like auto-correction and auto-join. However, today there are no good repositories of mapping tables that can enable these intelligent applications. Given a corpus of tables such as web tables or spreadsheet tables, we observe that values of these mappings often exist in pairs of columns in same tables. Motivated by their broad applicability, we study the problem of synthesizing mapping relationships using a large table corpus. Our synthesis process leverages compatibility of tables based on co-occurrence statistics, as well as constraints such as functional dependency. Experiment results using web tables and enterprise spreadsheets suggest that the proposed approach can produce high quality mappings.
Discovery of a Small Molecule Probe That Post-Translationally Stabilizes the Survival Motor Neuron Protein for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant death. We previously developed a high-throughput assay that employs an SMN2-luciferase reporter allowing identification of compounds that act transcriptionally, enhance exon recognition, or stabilize the SMN protein. We describe optimization and characterization of an analog suitable for in vivo testing. Initially, we identified analog 4m that had good in vitro properties but low plasma and brain exposure in a mouse PK experiment due to short plasma stability; this was overcome by reversing the amide bond and changing the heterocycle. Thiazole 27 showed excellent in vitro properties and a promising mouse PK profile, making it suitable for in vivo testing. This series post-translationally stabilizes the SMN protein, unrelated to global proteasome or autophagy inhibition, revealing a novel therapeutic mechanism that should complement other modalities for treatment of SMA.
Formalization of Transform Methods Using HOL Light

Transform methods, like Laplace and Fourier, are frequently used for analyzing the dynamical behaviour of engineering and physical systems, based on their transfer function, and frequency response or the solutions of their corresponding differential equations. In this paper, we present an ongoing project, which focuses on the higher-order logic formalization of transform methods using HOL Light theorem prover. In particular, we present the motivation of the formalization, which is followed by the related work. Next, we present the task completed so far while highlighting some of the challenges faced during the formalization. Finally, we present a roadmap to achieve our objectives, the current status and the future goals for this project.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Propulsion Systems; A Real Time Identification Approach

Abstract This paper presents the development of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system with applications to the space shuttle main engine. The FDD utilizes a model based method with real time identification and hypothesis testing for actuation, sensor and performance degradation faults.
Qualitative and Control Behavior of a Class of Chemical and Biological Systems

Abstract This presentation addresses a state space behavior for a certain class of chemical and biological systems often studied in the literature. The paper is an extension of the work recently reported on a transformation that connects mechanical and electrical systems to chemical and biological kinetic schemes. The qualitative and control behaviors of these nonlinear schemes are discussed. It is shown that the results derived are similar to those in linear systems theory and that a control law derived in the linear sense can be used to stabilize the proposed nonlinear structures. These systems can be viewed as an n-dimensional generalization of the Lotka-Volterra model for n-species in competition.
Racial/Ethnic Perceptions from Hispanic Names: Selecting Names to Test for Discrimination:

Researchers increasingly use correspondence audit studies to study racial/ethnic discrimination in employment, housing, and other domains. Although this method provides strong causal evidence of racial/ethnic discrimination, these claims depend on the signal being clearly conveyed through names. Few studies have pretested individual racial and ethnic perceptions of the names used to examine discrimination. The author conducts a survey experiment in which respondents are asked to identify the races or ethnicities they associate with a series of names. Respondents are provided with combinations of Hispanic and Anglo first and last names. Hispanic first names paired with Anglo last names are least likely to be recognized as Hispanic, while all versions of Hispanic first and last names are highly recognized (≥90 percent). The results suggest that researchers must use caution when trying to signal Hispanic ethnicity in experiments, and prior findings from correspondence audits may be biased from poor signals.
Electronic structure of CsBi4Te6

Recently, CsBi4Te6 has been reported as a high-performance thermoelectric material for low temperature applications with a higher thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT ∼ 0.8 at 225 Kelvin) than conventional Bi2- xSbzTe3- ySey alloys at the same temperature. First-principle electronic structure calculations within density functional theory performed on this material give an indirect narrow-gap semiconductor. Dispersions of energy bands along different directions in k-space display large anisotropy and multiple conduction band minima close in energy, characteristics of a good thermoelectric material.
Combination Return Forecasts and Portfolio Allocation with the Cross-Section of Book-to-Market Ratios

In this paper, we forecast industry returns out-of-sample using the cross-section of book-to-market ratios and investigate whether investors can exploit this predictability in portfolio allocation. Cash-flow and return forecasting regressions show that cross-industry book-to-market ratios contain significant predictive information beyond aggregate and industry-specific book-to-market ratios. Forecast combination methods based on industry book-to-market ratios generate significant out-of-sample predictability for many industries. Real-time portfolio-rotation strategies that buy industries with high predicted returns and short industries with low predicted returns based on combination forecasts earn significant alpha with respect to standard asset pricing models net of transaction costs.