cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real time, distance lab via labVIEW and webcam

Number of distance degree programs continues to increase [1] [2]. These programs may eventually require distance lab modules to accompany the distance courses. In addition, for expensive and/or dwindling experimental facilities such as training and research reactors distance lab modules may become an economic necessity. While distance lab modules just like distance courses may never be as meaningful as their in-lab counterparts, it may be possible to make them somewhat realistic. Moreover, in some ways, distance-labs might actually provide a more meaningful experience than presence in the lab in the back of the room. (Somewhat similar to the experience of watching a soccer game on TV vs watching it from the top of a large stadium.) Few efforts have recently been made by nuclear engineering departments to develop distance-lab capabilities [3] [4]. A real time, distance lab module is being developed and implemented in the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois. It is an internet based system that allows those at remote cites to watch the experiments, acquire data, interact with on-site personnel, and if permitted, even control part or all of the experiment.
Development of Leadership Potential: A Tool for Minorities

The development of leadership training programs is an essential element in the preparation of nontraditional populations for leadership roles. This article reviews some of the basic characteristics of leadership and the management process of leading and looks at the nature of leadership and the use of power. In addition, the article reviews the early stages of leadership training program development. Also discussed is a progressive leadership development perspective that incorporates personal leadership development, affilial group leadership development, and diverse group leadership development into a program of course work and leadership activlties for minorities.
Remote monitoring of patients with CIEDs following the updated recommendations—Easing or adding to postimplant responsibilities?

Abstract Follow-up of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices is challenging due to both their increasing volume and technical complexity coupled to increasing clinical complexity of recipient patients. Remote monitoring (RM) offers an opportunity to resolve some of these difficulties by improving clinic efficiencies and providing a mechanism for device monitoring and patient management. Recent recommendations advocate for RM to be standard of care for this purpose. Several randomized clinical trials and registries have demonstrated that RM may reduce in-hospital visit numbers, time required for patient follow-up, physician and nurse time, and hospital and social costs. Furthermore, patient retention and adherence to follow-up schedule are significantly improved by RM. Continuous wireless monitoring of data stored in the device memory with automatic alerts allows early detection of device malfunctions and of events, such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure suitable for clinical intervention. Early reaction may improve patient outcome. RM is easy to use and patients showed a high level of acceptance and satisfaction. Implementing RM in daily practice may require changes in clinic workflow. New organizational models promote significant efficiencies regarding physician and nursing time. Data management techniques are under development. Despite these demonstrable advantages of RM, adoption still remains modest, even in health care systems incentivized to use this follow-up method. Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4596352/Activity.aspx.
Fusion and Electoral Performance in New York Congressional Elections

Minor parties in American politics often struggle to gain support due to the phenomenon of strategic voting, as they rarely field viable candidates. However, in several US states, fusion (a process...
Statistical Methods for Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of RNA Methylation by Bisulfite Sequencing

For the transcriptome-wide detection and quantification of the 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation modification of RNA, one experimental approach is via bisulfite conversion. In this chapter we discuss statistical methods, and a corresponding computational pipeline, to perform transcriptome-wide differential m5C methylation analysis between RNA samples, specialized for this assay.
THE NIGERIAN TAX SYSTEM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

This paper takes a look at the current efforts by the Federal Government of Nigeria to improving the country's tax( firs) system aimed at repositioning it for greater influence seeks to explain the goodness of the nation’s tax system, having any relative impact in regulating the economy/Also, what the government can do to ensure effective tax policy and administration in Nigeria as regards to income redistribution, Furthermore, the study is aimed at portraying taxation as a tool for economic regulation and control rather than a mere revenue mobilization and collection mechanism as regarding international standard for economic repositioning especially for developing economies. This was done with the use of statistical instrumentality of data collection (primary and secondary sources which involves questionnaire and published materials) and analysis. Hence, the method used is the chi-square (x2 ) statistical method after carefully collecting data through the use of questionnaire (primary source for data collection) to test the stated hypothesis. At the end of the research work, It is observed that the existing tax system in Nigeria can guarantee welfare development which can be achieved through an effective tax policy and administration. Recommendations for the success include adequate findings of tax authorities, Simplification of the system, a review of certain areas of the tax laws and the likes were being proffered.
Multistatic passive detection with parametric modeling of the IO waveform

Abstract This paper examines the target detection problem for a passive multistatic radar employing illuminators of opportunity (IOs), where the receivers are contaminated by non-negligible noise and direct-path interference (DPI). A parametric approach is proposed by modeling the unknown signal transmitted from the IO as an auto-regressive (AR) process whose temporal correlation is jointly estimated and exploited for passive detection. The proposed solution is developed based on the generalized likelihood ratio test principle, which involves non-linear estimation that is solved by using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We also discuss the initialization of the EM algorithm and the joint adaptive model order estimation for the AR process without using any training signal. In addition, we extend several conventional passive detectors, which were introduced by assuming no DPI is present, to provide them with an ability to handle the DPI problem. A clairvoyant matched filtering (MF) detector is derived as well assuming the knowledge of the IO waveform. Extensive simulation results are presented, using simulated waveforms whose temporal correlation can be easily controlled, as well as practical IO waveforms transmitted by frequency modulation (FM) radio. The results show that the proposed EM-based passive detector outperforms conventional passive detectors due to the exploitation of the waveform correlation.
Introduction into Boundary Layer Theory

In Chapter 19 we have shown that using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), flow details in and around complex geometries can be predicted with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The flow field calculation includes details very close to the wall, where the viscosity plays a significant role. In the absence of random fluctuations the (laminar) flow can be calculated with high accuracy. For predicting turbulent flows, however, turbulence models were required to be implemented into the Navier-Stokes equations to account for turbulence fluctuations. One of the more important tasks in turbomachinery fluid mechanics is to predict the drag forces acting on the surfaces such as turbine and compressor blade surfaces, endwalls, inlet nozzles and exit diffusers. As seen in Chapter 6, the drag forces are produced by the fluid viscosity which causes the shear stress acting on the surface. The question that arises is how far from the surface the viscosity dominates the flow field. Prandtl [1] was the first to answer this question. Combining his physical intuition with experiments, he developed the concept of the boundary layer theory. This theory in its differential or integral forms can be applied to a turbomachinery flow to determine the blade profile loss. It delivers accurate results as long as the boundary layer is not separated.
Development of the ASTM Sequence IIIE Engine Oil Oxidation and Wear Test

The ASTM Sequence IIID engine-dynamometer test has been used to evaluate the high-temperature protection provided by engine oils with respect to valve train wear, viscosity increase (oil thickening), deposits, and oil consumption. The obsolescence of the engine used in this test along with the need to define even higher levels of performance associated with a new oil category (SG) prompted efforts at developing a replacement test. This paper describes the hardware and procedure development of this replacement test, the ASTM Sequence IIIE test. Test precision and correlation with field and Sequence IIID results on a series of reference oils is also discussed.
Dopamine Is Differentially Encoded by D2 Receptors in Striatal Subregions

Striatal dopamine signaling is differentially regulated along the dorso-ventral axis, but how these differences are encoded by dopamine receptors is unknown. In this issue of Neuron, Marcott et al. (2018) show that dopamine activates D2 receptors in regionally distinct ways and dissect the underlying mechanisms behind striatal D2 heterogeneity.
Clinical Dosing of Neuroleptics

The antipsychotic, or neuroleptic, drugs were introduced in the early 1950s (Laborit et al. 1952) and, since then, they and other effective and well accepted psychotropic agents have had a revolutionary impact on the theory and practice of contemporary psychiatry worldwide (Baldessarini 1985, 1990a). Despite their exposure to intensive study and clinical application for four decades, many fundamental aspects of the clinical pharmacology of the neuroleptics remain remarkably poorly informed by research data. The present overview considers relationships between dose or plasma concentrations and the effects of this class of commonly used agents. Optimal dosing for maximum efficacy and safety of most antipsychotic drugs largely escaped serious scientific scrutiny until surprisingly recently. Since 1980, a substantial body of appropriately designed, randomized, double-blind studies of the clinical benefits and side effects of some antipsychotic agents has been carried out with acutely and chronically psychotic patients treated for periods ranging from several hours to several months (Baldessarini et al. 1988, 1990). In addition, there have been studies of relationships between plasma concentrations of neuroleptic agents and their effects which complement studies of dose-effect relationships.
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ZINC-DEFICIENT RATS*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses congenital malformations of the nervous system in zinc-deficient rats. Zinc deficiency appears to have a most marked effect on growing or proliferating tissues. Young weanling rats in a rapid stage of growth are severely affected by zinc deficiency and show extreme retardation or cessation of growth. Similarly, there is a complete arrest of ovarian maturation in the female and of spermatogenesis in the male. The deleterious effect of zinc deficiency on rapidly growing tissues is also very pronounced in the embryo. In an experiment described in the chapter, zinc deficiency in pregnant rats resulted in a high rate of embryonic death, severe intrauterine growth retardation, and a high incidence of congenital malformations affecting every organ system. In the experiment, rat embryos from zinc-deficient females showed a reduced uptake of tritiated thymidine when compared with controls, as measured by liquid scintillation and autoradiography.
The endosurgery evolution: no place for sacred cows.

It is a great honor to give the Gerald Marks Lecture to the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons. Gerald Marks had the right blend of talents for the task of founding SAGES 11 years ago: unbridled enthusiasm, boundless energy, and a good bit of obstinacy. Synonyms for obstinate include stubborn, dogged, bullheaded, headstrong, even mulish. Gerald Marks needed all of these redundant characteristics in full measure as he and his colleagues overcame seemingly insurmountable obstacles to launch this Society. He can take great pride in the results.
Competition between coal and natural gas in producing H2 and electricity under CO2 emission constraints

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study that explores the competition between coal and natural gas in the large scale production of electricity and H 2 in a world with severe constraints on greenhouse gas emissions. It examines the economic conditions that favor: CO 2 capture versus CO 2 venting, and coal versus natural gas as the primary energy source, by varying the magnitude of an assumed carbon tax, the price of natural gas, and capacity factor of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants. Coal-based conversion focuses on gasification— electricity from integrated gasifier combined cycle (IGCC) plants and H2 + electricity from gasification-based plants; both pure CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) and (the potentially less costly) co-capture and co-storage of H 2 S+CO 2 are considered. The study also examines the effect of 3 Party Covenant financing—a public subsidy for encouraging the commercial adoption of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). The natural gas systems considered are NGCC for electricity and steam methane reforming for H 2 production.
Conditional maximum likelihood estimation in negative binomial INGARCH processes with known number of successes when the true parameter is at the boundary of the parameter space

The paper establishes the asymptotic distribution of the conditional maximum likelihood estimator for integer-valued generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (INGARCH) processes of co...
Occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations.

Objectives This narrative review determines the effects of occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces on the periodontium, including the initiation and progression of periodontitis, abfraction, and gingival recession. Case definitions, diagnostic considerations, and the effects of occlusal therapy are also reviewed and discussed. Importance The role of occlusal trauma in the initiation and progression of periodontitis remains a controversial subject in periodontology. Because occlusal trauma can only be confirmed histologically, its clinical diagnosis depends on clinical and radiographic surrogate indicators which make clinical trials difficult. Findings Investigations have generally agreed that occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces do not initiate periodontitis or loss of connective tissue attachment. When plaque-induced periodontitis and occlusal trauma are present at the same time, there is weak evidence that the occlusal trauma may increase the rate of connective tissue loss. Occlusal therapy is indicated as part of periodontal therapy to reduce mobility and increase patient comfort and masticatory function. Existing data do not support the existence of abfraction as a cause for gingival recession. Conclusions Occlusal trauma does not initiate periodontitis, and there is weak evidence that it alters the progression of the disease. There is no credible evidence to support the existence of abfraction or implicate it as a cause of gingival recession. Reduction of tooth mobility may enhance the effect of periodontal therapy.
Conservative Management of a Pyelovenous Fistula After a Renal Gunshot Wound

Abstract Background: We report the diagnosis and management of a pyelovenous fistula that was detected 5 days after a renal gunshot wound (GSW). Case Presentation: A 16-year-old boy presented to th...
The Effects of State-Level GAAP Regulation on Municipal Audit Markets, Reporting Quality, and Audit Fees

ABSTRACT We examine the effects of financial statement disclosure regulation on auditor market concentration, reporting quality, and audit pricing. We compare auditor industry concentration levels ...
Impact of Immediate Surgical Reconstruction Following Wide Local Excision of Malignant Head and Neck Melanoma.

Background The role of surgical reconstruction following melanoma extirpation is well recognized. Although technical considerations depend on patient anatomy and surgeon preference, the optimal timing of reconstruction remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate clinical and oncologic outcomes in melanoma extirpation followed by immediate reconstruction. Methods We retrospectively identified patients who underwent immediate reconstruction following head and neck melanoma excision at our institution between January 2013 and December 2016. Demographic and clinical characteristics, operative variables, and outcome data were extracted. Results Overall, 197 patients (male 70.6%) underwent excision followed by immediate reconstruction. Of the 70 patients with a history of cutaneous malignancy, 46 (65.7%) had a prior melanoma and 26 (37.1%) had 2 or more types of skin cancers. Of the 202 lesions resected, 138 (68.3%) were invasive, whereas 64 (31.7%) were in situ. The most frequent anatomic location involved was the cheek (34.2%), followed by scalp (31.2%). Reconstruction technique varied, with 116 (57.4%) lesions repaired by adjacent tissue transfer, 24 (11.9%) by full-thickness skin graft, 23 (11.4%) by complex primary closure, 17 (8.4%) by split-thickness skin graft, and 22 (10.9%) by more than 1 technique. On postoperative pathologic assessment, 2 patients had positive margins and 5 experienced local recurrence (mean follow-up: 2.3 years). In an unadjusted bivariate analysis, history of melanoma (P = 0.015) was significantly associated with local recurrence. Conclusions Reconstruction at time of excision is an oncologically safe approach for the management of patients with malignant melanoma. A prior history of melanoma may be associated with local recurrence.
Vapor pressures and vapor compositions in equilibrium with hypostoichiometric uranium dioxide at high temperatures

Abstract Thermodynamic functions of the gaseous species, thermodynamic functions of the condensed phase, and an oxygen-potential model have been combined to calculate the vapor pressures and vapor compositions in equilibrium with condensed-phase UO 2-x for 1500⩽T⩽6000 K and 0⩽ x ⩽0.5 . A method for extending the oxygen-potential model of Blackburn to the liquid region has been derived and evaluated. Results of these calculations show that the oxygen-to-uranium ratio of the vapor is larger than that of the condensed phase with which it is in equilibrium for most of the ranges of T and x of interest. Near 6000 K the vapor is very oxygen-rich so that the composition of the condensed phase would be changed considerably by even a few percent vaporization. In general, the vapor in equilibrium with UO 2-x is poorly approximated at UO2(g); the species U, UO, UO3, O2, and O each have higher partial pressures than UO2 for some conditions. The calculated total pressures at high temperatures are in good agreement with those recommended by the International Working Group on Fast Reactors (IWGFR).
Comprehensive Analysis of Models and Operational Characteristics of Piezoelectric Transformers

Different from traditional magnetic transformers, which transform the electrical energy via the magnetic flux, piezoelectric transformers (PTs) transform the electrical energy via the mechanical vibration. In this work, the accuracy and applicability of different levels of models of PTs are compared and discussed. This work derives the detailed universal attributes of PTs, which include the gain characteristic, the input impedance characteristic and the efficiency characteristic. Especially, the efficiency characteristics with and without impedance matching network of different PTs or PTs under different configurations are compared. The comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of PTs, given in this paper, could provide a guide for the study and design of real PT-based applications.
Effect of forcing the tip-gap of a NACA0065 airfoil using plasma actuators: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract A proof-of-concept study is presented to understand the effect of continuous forcing by a dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) plasma actuator on the strength of the vortices formed in the tip-gap of a single NACA0065 airfoil. The airfoil was mounted with variable tip gaps in the test-section of a suction-type wind tunnel. Continuous forcing was generated by mounting a straight DBD actuator in the tip gap. The flow field was investigated experimentally by dynamic-pressure measurements, and stereoscopic-particle-image-velocimetry (SPIV). In addition, URANS was performed to investigate the flow field in the tip gap region, where SPIV could not be conducted. The results showed that the effectiveness of forcing decreased with increasing tip-gaps and free-stream velocity. The maximum cancellation of the vortex was observed when the blowing ratio was approximately 0.93, with a tip gap of 0.02c ( c = chord ) and free stream velocity of 2.7 m/s. Both experimental and numerical results showed that in this particular case, the DBD actuator created a strong reverse flow opposing the direction of tip flow. This reverse flow altered the pressure gradient in the tip gap region and canceled the vortex altogether.
Under the punitive aegis: Dependency and the family justice center model:

The San Diego Family Justice Center (FJC) model seeks to lessen the burden on domestic violence victims by co-locating social service agencies, law enforcement, and prosecution at one site. Shortly...
Abstract IA012: Engineering precision cancer immunotherapy

The treatment of cancer has been revolutionized by the development of immune-based therapies designed to boost the number and function of cytotoxic T cells that kill tumor cells. However, it is already apparent that this strategy alone will not benefit all patients, as the majority of cancers generate a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that shuts down even the most potent T cells. Furthermore, as a consequence of ramping up the immune system, these immune stimulating drugs instigate significant autoimmune toxicity. We aim to develop a radical new strategy to circumvent both challenges by identifying immunosuppressive regulatory mechanisms unique to cancerous tissues, thereby uncovering pathways active only in tumors that can be targeted to generate precision cancer immunotherapies that preserve immune tolerance in healthy tissues. The focus will be on Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of immunosuppressive CD4+T cells that lie at the fulcrum of immunity, directing cells of the immune system to go or stop. In cancer, Tregsinfiltrate tumors and dampen anti-tumor immune responses, but Tregs also play an essential role in preventing autoimmunity. This proposal will test the hypothesis that human cancers generate an immunosuppressive TME by enforcing a unique epigenetic program in intratumoral Tregsthat, if identified, could provide new targets to selectively modulate tumor-infiltrating Tregsand limit autoimmunity. To do this, the research will employ genetically engineered mouse (GEM) cancers, an accurate and flexible platform to test the full complement of factors that make up the TME of human cancers, combined with sophisticated genetic tools to track Treg entry and activity in the TME. Our investigations thus far have led us to the investigation of Ezh2 activity, a H3K27 methyltransferase, in defining Treg behavior selectively in the TME. Citation Format: Michel DuPage. Engineering precision cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA012.
Locality-Aware Distribution Schemes

One of the bottlenecks in parallel query processing is the cost of shuffling data across nodes in a cluster. Ideally, given a distribution of the data across the nodes and a query, we want to execute the query by performing only local computation and no communication: in this case, the query is called parallel-correct with respect to the data distribution. Previous work studied this problem for Conjunctive Queries in the case where the distribution scheme is oblivious, i.e., the location of each tuple depends only on the tuple and is independent of the instance. In this work, we show that oblivious schemes have a fundamental theoretical limitation, and initiate the formal study of distribution schemes that are locality-aware. In particular, we focus on a class of distribution schemes called co-hash distribution schemes, which are widely used in parallel systems. In co-hash partitioning, some tables are initially hashed, and the remaining tables are co-located so that a join condition is always satisfied. Given a co-hash distribution scheme, we formally study the complexity of deciding various desirable properties, including obliviousness and redundancy. Then, for a given Conjunctive Query and co-hash scheme, we determine the computational complexity of deciding whether the query is parallel-correct. We also explore a stronger notion of correctness, called parallel disjoint correctness, which guarantees that the query result will be disjointly partitioned across nodes, i.e., there is no duplication of results.
Hardware Verification

The need for verification of hardware designs is particularly important for large-scale-integration technologies because of the great cost, in time and money, for engineering changes. This correspondence describes an efficient means for determining the equivalence of a behavioral, high-level, i.e., flowchart, definition of the design and a detailed regular logic design. It may be used between compatible high-level as well as low-level designs. A compiler RTRAN transforms the high-level to a low-level design and a program VERIFY determines the equivalence of two such regular logic designs. It seeks to compute a counterexample, starting at the outputs, rather than to try exhaustively input patterns. Experimentally, VERIFY is proven vastly superior to exhaustive simulation. These methods have been used routinely for very large designs.
Wnt Signaling Promotes Cell Caudalization And Inner Ear Differentiation in Mouse Stem Cell-Derived Organoids

The inner ear is derived from the otic placode, one of numerous cranial sensory placodes that emerges from the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE). However, the molecular dynamics underlying how the PPE is induced and regionalized are poorly resolved. We used stem cell-derived inner ear organoids to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling on otic placode development and found that modulating Wnt signaling to give intermediate activation of its downstream pathway significantly increased inner ear organoid induction efficiency. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that the Wnt modulation induces 1) gene signatures of the posterior PPE (pPPE), 2) expansion of the caudal neural plate border (NPB), and 3) a suitable caudal head microenvironment. Our data also suggest that precursors of the pPPE committed to caudal fate during the NPB stage. Taken together, this study improves our understanding of the role of Wnt signaling in the early development of the inner ear.
Undergraduate Certificate in Equine Science and Management

Iowa State University offers undergraduate certificates to demonstrate completion of a focused study in a specialized area. The certificate has the significant benefit of allowing students to customize their curriculum and document an approved course of study. An Equine Science and Management Certificate is offered within the Animal Science Department at Iowa State University. The certificate requirements are organized to correspond with faculty and employer-defined needs for a successful transition from student to equine industry professional. The Equine Science and Management certificate will integrate technical topics in animal science with practical considerations in enterprise management. Two critical components to the certificate are the capstone Equine Systems Management course and a required internship in equine science and management. Students that complete the certificate will have the background to identify and address challenges in modern equine enterprises. Further, the certificate assists employers in identifying students that have shown the interest, discipline, and ability to complete this specialized study program.
Byzantine Slavery and the Mediterranean World – By Youval Rotman

Although many Byzantine scholars have examined aspects of the question of Byzantine slavery, the last full study of the topic was that of Anne Hadjinicolaou‐Marava in 1950. Hence this work comes as...
Caregiver Anxiety Due to Interstage Feeding Concerns

Introduction Improved weight gain during the interstage (IS) period has been shown to improve overall outcomes in patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP). This emphasis on nutrition may have untoward effects, such as increasing anxiety/stress levels in caregivers, who are already known to be at risk for increased anxiety/stress levels. The goal of this study was to evaluate anxiety/stress levels of caregivers as it pertains to feeding during the IS period and to determine if certain characteristics were associated with higher anxiety/stress scores. Methods Caregivers of children with SVP who completed the IS period, defined as the time between the first and second cardiac surgeries, were recruited. Baseline demographics were obtained. Anxiety/stress levels were measured via eight questions using a 0- to 10-point scale. Correlations were performed between demographic variables and anxiety/stress level scores. Results Fifty-six surveys were completed (39 males, 27 females) on 43 children. Fourteen children required tube feeds during the IS period. There were significant correlations between anxiety/stress scores and caregiver's gender, caregiver's age, caregiver's level of education, percent of time a caregiver spent feeding the child, if caregivers were taking medications for anxiety, and if the child was seen in the emergency room during the IS period. There were no correlation of anxiety/stress scores with caregiver's race, child's underlying cardiac diagnosis, age of child, route of feeding during the IS period, birth order of the child or number of children in the family, relationship status, or distance from the hospital. Conclusion In general, caregivers of children with SVP experience anxiety/stress during the IS period specifically due to feeding concerns. Certain intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics were associated with higher anxiety/stress levels. Future studies are needed to determine how to minimize anxiety/stress levels during this stressful time period.
16. Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the resistivity, induced-polarization, magnetotelluric, audio-frequency magnetotelluric, and controlled-source electromagnetic methods. With the exception of the magnetotelluric method, all of these methods are used in mining exploration. Resistivity, induced-polarization, and magnetotelluric methods are used in a minor way in oil and gas exploration. All of the methods have been used in geothermal exploration, while resistivity, controlled-source electromagnetics, and audio-frequency magnetotellurics are employed periodically in coal basin studies. Resistivity, magnetotellurics, and controlled-source electromagnetic methods are used in deep exploration of the earth's crust and mantle. Resistivity, inducedpolarization, and controlled-source electromagnetic methods are used in ground water exploration, while only resistivity is used routinely in applications in geotechnical engineering. Each of the methods demands knowledge of electromagnetic theory. Such theory as is necessary to understand each method will be presented, commencing with elementary electromagnetic theory at the outset. Each method also depends on contrasts in electrical properties of the earth media.
The Frodo Franchise, by Kristin Thompson

‘What a tale we have been in, Mr. Frodo, haven't we?’ he said. ‘I wish I could hear it told! … And I wonder how it will go on after our part’ —Samwise Gamgee The Return of The King A large poster o...
Dis/ability, Agency, and Context: A Differential Consciousness for Doing Inclusive Education

AbstractIn any sociocultural context, efforts to promote inclusive education may evoke trajectories of change that are as unpredictable as they are inexhaustible, stimulating the production of a range of disability subjectivities, performances, and constructions. This article unearths such local constructions by focusing on the experiences of nongovernmental organization educators and families of students with disabilities in Chennai, India, as they collectively engaged in inclusive education activity. Using the framework of differential consciousness (Sandoval, 2000) I explore the oppositional agency of participants in securing equitable opportunities for students with disabilities in mainstream settings. My aim in doing thus is to animate the links between local practices and global concepts of inclusive education. Even though the narratives of participants index “place” as the predominant signifier of inclusion, their decision making within hugely inaccessible contexts discloses their compulsory moveme...
Erratum to: Genetic Counselors’ Experiences Regarding Communication of Reproductive Risks with Autosomal Recessive Conditions found on Cancer Panels

The development of hereditary cancer genetic testing panels has altered genetic counseling practice. Mutations within certain genes on cancer panels pose not only a cancer risk, but also a reproductive risk for autosomal recessive conditions such as Fanconi anemia, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, and ataxia telangiectasia. This study aimed to determine if genetic counselors discuss reproductive risks for autosomal recessive conditions associated with genes included on cancer panels, and if so, under what circumstances these risks are discussed. An on-line survey was emailed through the NSGC list-serv. The survey assessed 189 cancer genetic counselors' experiences discussing reproductive risks with patients at risk to carry a mutation or variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in a gene associated with both an autosomal dominant cancer risk and an autosomal recessive syndrome. Over half (n = 82, 55 %) reported having discussed reproductive risks; the remainder (n = 66, 45 %) had not. Genetic counselors who reported discussing reproductive risks primarily did so when patients had a positive result and were of reproductive age. Reasons for not discussing these risks included when a patient had completed childbearing or when a VUS was identified. Most counselors discussed reproductive risk after obtaining results and not during the informed consent process. There is inconsistency as to if and when the discussion of reproductive risks is taking place. The wide variation in responses suggests a need to develop professional guidelines for when and how discussions of reproductive risk for autosomal recessive conditions identified through cancer panels should occur with patients.
A highly congested N,N'-dioxide fluorosensor for enantioselective recognition of chiral hydrogen bond donors.

A rigid C2-symmetric 1,8-diacridylnaphthalene N,N′-dioxide fluorosensor has been developed for enantioselective recognition of chiral hydrogen bond donors such as amines and amino acids.
Promises to Keep: Collective Bargaining in California Agriculture

Promises to Keep: Collective Bargaining in California Agriculture. Philip L. Martin. Ames: Iowa State University Press. Hardcover $49.95.
Effects of breast pumping on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ethanol during lactation.

Lactating women are therapeutic orphans.1 Not only are they excluded from the drug development process, but little is known about what the lactating body does with a drug over time (pharmacokinetics) and what the drug does to the body (pharmacodynamics). Recognizing these gaps in knowledge, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a guidance recommending more clinical research on the effects of the lactational state on drug pharmacokinetics/pharmacodyamics, the extent of drug transfer to milk, and the consequences for both mother and child.1 Although progress continues to be made in determining how much is transferred at a given point in time,2–4 the milk–plasma ratio of a drug does not reflect its pharmacokinetics over time. The guidance also highlighted the need to provide a basic framework for the experimental design of clinical lactation studies.1 In response, some argued that lactation probably exerts insignificant effects and that the emphasis on lactation is misdirected (see Dockets in ref. 1). However, the few studies in the relevant population, along with the pronounced physiological and metabolic changes that accompany lactation,5,6 suggested otherwise. For example, fleroxacin took twice as long to reach peak plasma levels in lactating women, with elimination rates reduced by 25%.7,8 Similarly, systemic availability of ethanol, perhaps one of the most commonly used drugs during lactation,9 was reduced by 20%,10,11 and the consequent mood effects were altered in lactating women when compared with both parous women who formula feed and nulliparous women.11 In this latter study on ethanol pharmacokinetics, the methodologies were identical for lactating and nonlactating women, with the exception that the former used a breast pump at the start of the experiment. Pumping ended 1 h before the women drank. This study builds upon these findings and the body of research showing that neural and endocrine circuitries sustaining lactation are similar to those that control energy balance.12 Feeding and suckling (by infant or breast pump) elicit similar neural, hormonal, and gut responses that regulate digestive processes in the mother.13 Because of these shared circuitries, and because drinking after a meal reduces systemic availability of ethanol,14,15 our study tested the hypotheses that breast pumping 1 h before drinking contributes to lactation-related changes in ethanol pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and that these effects of pumping are more pronounced when ethanol is consumed after a meal.
Vertical Distribution of Corn Biomass as Influenced by Cover Crop and Stover Harvest

Published in Agron. J. 107:232–240 (2015) doi:10.2134/agronj14.0166 Available freely online through the author-supported open access option. Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABStRACt Corn (Zea mays L.) production for grain is important given its many uses for human food, animal feed, and other industrial products. Additionally, the abundance and potentially large biomass yield makes corn an attractive bioenergy feedstock. e objective of this study was to evaluate the e ect of in-season weather conditions, rye (Secale cereale L.) as a winter cover crop, and corn residue harvest on grain yield and biomass distribution across two soil types. Grain, as well as, total and partial stover yields (below the ear, above the ear excluding cobs, cobs alone, and above the ear including top and cobs) were measured from 2009 to 2011 at two sites with di erent soil types: loamy sand and silt loam, in central and northern Alabama, respectively. Signi cant di erences in grain and biomass yields were observed among individual years and locations. Grain yields were positively correlated with seasonal cumulative precipitation and negatively with seasonal average temperature at both locations. In central Alabama, the 3-yr use of a rye cover crop increased corn biomass yields compared to rye removal while there was no di erence compared to plots without a rye cover crop. e 3-yr corn residue management e ect was not signi cant at any location. Based on this study, harvesting the above-ear corn plant fraction could be an attractive option for partial biomass harvesting in southeastern United States.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) alters parasympathetic neuron gene expression in a time-dependent fashion.

Neuropeptides, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), can influence diverse cellular processes over a broad temporal range. In ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons, for example, PACAP binding to high-affinity PAC1 receptors triggers transduction cascades that both rapidly modulate nicotinic receptors and synapses and support long-term survival. Since PACAP/PAC1 signaling recruits intracellular messengers and effectors that potently alter transcription, we examined its activation of the transcription factor CREB and then tested for changes in gene expression. PACAP/PAC1 signaling rapidly induced prolonged CREB activation in CG neurons by a phospholipase C -independent mechanism supported by Ca2+-influx, adenylate cyclase, and effectors, including protein kinase C (PKC) and possibly PKA. Since PACAP is abundant in the CG and released from depolarized presynaptic terminals, it is well suited to regulate gene expression relevant to neuronal and synaptic development. Gene array screens conducted using RNA from CG cultures grown with PACAP for 1/4, 24, or 96 h revealed a time-dependent pattern of >600 regulated transcripts, including several encoding proteins implicated in synaptic function, neuronal survival, and development. The results underscore rapid, neuromodulatory, and long-term, neurotrophic consequences of PAC1 signaling in CG neurons and suggest that PACAP exerts such diverse influences by altering the expression of specific gene transcripts in a time-dependent fashion.
A Novel Respiratory Model of Infection with Monkeypox Virus in Cynomolgus Macaques

Variola, the causative agent of smallpox, and the related monkeypox virus are both select agents that, if purposefully released, would cause public panic and social disruption. For this reason research continues in the areas of animal model and therapeutic development. Orthopoxviruses show a widely varying degree of host specificity, making development of accurate animal models difficult. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel respiratory infection technique that resulted in “classic” orthopox disease in nonhuman primates and takes the field of research one step closer to a better animal model.
Enhancing efficiency and renewables with smart grid technologies and policies

Abstract Improving the energy efficiency of the built environment and expanding the use of distributed energy to power energy services are two low-carbon approaches that have received considerable attention over recent years. Both of these electricity resource options could be fostered by supportive smart grid technologies and policies, enabling a two-way flow of information and electricity between utilities and consumers and tapping into the full potential of energy efficiency and distributed renewables. This paper explores ways to use smart grid technologies and policies to help energy efficiency and distributed renewables meet future US energy needs. As documented in this review paper, recent progress and policy commitments suggest that the US grid can become an integral part of future clean energy solutions.
Organic reactions catalyzed by crystalline aluminosilicatesII. Alkylation reactions: Mechanistic and aging considerations

On the basis of product distributions, patterns of substrate reactivity, and promotion and deuterium tracer experiments, alkylation reactions catalyzed by acidic faujasites rare-earth-exchanged X and Y and hydrogen Y are defined as proceeding via carboniumion-type mechanisms. Sites active for alkylation in these three acidic faujasites are visualized as strongly acidic and ultimately protonic. In alkylations with low molecular weight olefins, complex intracyrstalline polymerization-hydrogen transfer reactions of the olefin were shown to be responsible for catalyst aging.
A new model for measuring the accuracies of majority voting ensembles

Good ensemble methods require accurate and diverse individual classifiers, but the relationship between the diversity of individual classifiers and the accuracy of an ensemble method is not clear. In this paper, we propose a novel model called COB (core, outlier, and boundary) to quantitatively measure the accuracies of majority voting ensembles for binary classification. In this model, we first divide data items into three subsets, core, outlier, and boundary, based on the prediction correctness of these items from individual classifiers in an ensemble method. Then we measure the accuracy of the ensemble method for each subset and combine the results together. We tested the performance of the COB model on 32 datasets from the UCI repository. The experiments use three different ensemble methods (bagging, random forests, and a randomized ensemble), two different numbers of individual classifiers (7 and 51), and three different individual machine learning algorithms (decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines). All 24 experiments showed less than 5% average absolute errors for 32 datasets between the accuracies by the COB model and the actual accuracies of ensembles. Also the experiments showed that the COB model performed significantly better than the binomial model. The COB model suggests that to achieve a high accuracy for an ensemble method, weak individual classifiers should be partly diverse instead of fully diverse, that is, be diverse on correctly predicted items but in agreement on some incorrectly predicted items.
(Homo)sexualities, Organizations, and Administration: Possibilities for In(queer)y

The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibilities for research with lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender school administrators and for the broader study of queerness in schools as organizations. Scholars need to consider both modernist and postmodernist practicalities related to (a) significance, (b) research focus, (c) methods, and (d) theoretical perspectives. I also explore how sexualities shape and are shaped by organizational life. Researchers should explore the (hetero)sexual culture and structure of schools, and the (homo)sexual ruptures and resistances to heterosexuality.