cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Clustering for Millimeter-Wave Channel Propagation Modeling

To date, we have designed and assembled millimeter-wave channel sounders at 60 GHz and 83 GHz. They can estimate the angle-of-departure and angle-of-arrival of channel multipath components as well as their delay and Doppler frequency shift. In addition, due to the fast acquisition time and because the receiver is mounted on a mobile robot, the systems can collect measurements for hundreds of different transmitter-receiver configurations in just minutes. It follows that channel-model reduction, including the multipath- component clustering process, must be reliable, consistent, and unsupervised. In this paper, we describe a simple clustering process tailored to the properties of millimeter-wave channels that fully exploits the multi-dimensionality of the extracted multipath components and requires only a few tunable parameters. Through extensive experimentation, we have verified that the process is robust and delivers consistent results across five different environments and across both frequency bands investigated. Illustrative examples are provided.
Neurocognitive findings in youth at high risk for bipolar disorder: Potential endophenotypes?

Abstract The identification of cognitive markers for bipolar disorder (BD) may lead to the development of personalized preventative and therapeutic approaches for individuals at high risk to develop BD. This chapter summarizes recent structural and functional imaging findings in individuals at high genetic risk for BD. We also include cognitive studies using computerized and pen-and-paper tests investigating nonemotional (“cold”) and emotion-laden (“hot”) facets of cognition. Although few studies have focused on young high-risk individuals, preliminary evidence suggests that these subjects show alterations in regions underlying emotion regulation and cognitive control. Notwithstanding inconsistencies across cognitive studies, findings suggest the presence of verbal memory deficits, slow processing speed, and abnormalities in affective processing. Large-scale, methodologically sound cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to identify reliable cognitive markers of vulnerability in youth at risk for BD.
Preoperative gynecology conference: the impact on resident management of surgical patients

Objective: To determine if a preoperative conference impacts the resident recommended surgery on gynecology patients seen in continuity clinics. Study Design: A twice monthly preoperative conference was initiated in January of 2009 where residents presented their proposed surgical intervention. A retrospective review of the first 100 preoperative conference submission forms was performed and analysis made on how often the type or route of surgery was changed based on conference discussion and if further workup or tests were requested prior to scheduling surgery. Results: Discussion of patients through a preoperative conference venue resulted in a change in surgical management of 36% of patients, and further medical management prior to surgery was recommended in 29%. Conclusions: A preoperative gynecology conference does impact the chosen surgery for resident patients. This venue may be a valuable tool for teaching residents optimization of the preoperative evaluation and selection of the appropriate surgical intervention.
What Makes Online and Digital Media Different

Philosopher Marshall McLuhan argued that “the medium is the message,” and certain distinct features of digital media cast old concepts such as boundaries, privacy, and confidentiality in a new light. Digital media are easily accessible, mobile, and used globally across socioeconomic, demographic, and professional groups. They disseminate information with unprecedented speed and scope. Their content, unless protected by encryption or other devices, lacks confidentiality and security but is largely permanent. Our use of technology is not compartmentalized by place, time or audience (personal or professional). Textual content lacks nonverbal cues and is subject to misinterpretation. Finally, digital technologies change so rapidly, digital immigrants especially are constantly racing to keep up, and the rate of change out-paces the capacity of regulatory bodies to set appropriate standards. The digital revolution has altered fundamental concepts of professionalism, including privacy and intellectual property.
Scalability and composability techniques for network simulation

Simulation has become an important way to observe and understand various networking phenomena under various conditions. Traditionally, researchers would run a serial network simulator on a workstation for a time period to obtain certain results. However, as the demand to simulate larger and more complex networks increases, the limited computing capacity of a single workstation and the limited simulation capability of a single network simulator have become apparent obstacles to the simulationists. In this thesis we develop techniques that can scale up a simulation to address the limited capacity of a single workstation, as well as techniques that can compose a simulation from different simulator components to address the limited capability of a single network simulator. We scale up a simulation with two different approaches, namely (1) reducing resource requirement of a simulation so that larger simulation can fit into one single workstation; and (2) partitioning a simulation model in a way that makes the best use of the resources of the available computer cluster, and distribute the simulation onto the different processors of the computer cluster to obtain the best parallel simulation performance. On the other hand we also consider techniques for building complex network simulations by composing from independent components. When different existing simulators excel at different protocol layers/scenarios, we can make each simulator execute the layers where it excels, using a simulation backplane to be the interface between different simulators. In this thesis, we demonstrate that these techniques enable us to not only scale up simulations by orders of magnitude with a good performance, but also compose complex simulations with high fidelity.
Early Adolescents’ Adjustment at School: A Fresh Look at Grade and Gender Differences:

This study examined group differences by grade (fifth graders in elementary school and sixth graders in middle school) and gender in academic (behavioral and emotional engagement, academic self-con...
Assessment of Te as a U-Zr fuel additive to mitigate fuel-cladding chemical interactions

Abstract Tellurium was investigated as a potential additive to metallic fuel (e.g. U-10Zr) to mitigate fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI). A primary cause of FCCI is the lanthanide fission products migrating to the fuel periphery and interacting with cladding, Te therefore was used to bind the lanthanides into stable compounds in the U-10Zr. The present work investigates the microstructures of as-cast and annealed U-10Zr-4Te and U-10Zr-4Te-4Ce alloys (weight percent) with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Tellurium was found to bind Ce and form CeTe compound, which will mitigate lanthanides migration to the cladding.
Chronic pain: Sources framing of post-traumatic stress in The New York Times:

Post-traumatic stress (PTS) is a common reaction after witnessing a violent event, and individuals who have experienced trauma may relive the event, avoid people or situations that remind them of t...
Bone microenvironment signaling of cancer stem cells as a therapeutic target in metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death among US males. When diagnosed in an early disease stage, primary tumors of PCa may be treated with surgical resection or radiation, sometimes combined with androgen deprivation therapy, with favorable outcomes. Unfortunately, the treatment efficacy of each approach decreases significantly in later stages of PCa that involve metastasis to soft tissues and bone. Metastatic PCa is a heterogeneous disease containing host cells, mature cancer cells, and subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are highly tumorigenic due to their self-renewing and differentiating potential, clinically resulting in recurrence and resistance to standard therapies. Therefore, there is a large unmet clinical need to develop therapies, which target CSC activity. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways that are implicated in the current pre-clinical and clinical studies of recurrent metastatic PCa within the bone microenvironment targeting CSCs and discuss the trajectory of therapeutics moving forward.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) for patients (pts) with lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) following targeted small molecules inhibitors (SMIs).

7550Background: SMIs have improved outcomes in lymphoma/CLL. There is paucity of information about the safety and efficacy of alloSCT following SMIs. Methods: Data from 49 pts who received alloSCT ...
Understanding the peripheral cellular immunome in patients with breast cancer.

7Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer (BC) is being increasingly used in patients with stage I/II disease. Although previously reserved for patients with locally advanced di...
Wet-Stacking Lamination of Multilayer Mechanically Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) Sheets with Increased Mechanical Performance for Use in High-Strength and Lightweight Structural and Packaging Applications

Mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibril (CNF) sheets of varying thicknesses were fabricated by using a wet stacking lamination technique without the use of solvents other than water or binders. The use of this technique allowed for the creation of multilayer structures with a working area of 117 mm by 117 mm and thickness of up to 0.547 ± 0.03 mm in under 2 h, which represents the shortest total processing time reported for such thickness of CNF sheets. To highlight the capabilities of utilizing wet stacking, the thickest reported 100% pure multilayer CNF sheet with a thickness of 1.65 ± 0.02 mm was produced. To gauge the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical performance of the produced sheets, thickness (85–547 μm thick), pressing time (35 min, 1 h, and 2 h), pressing pressure (0–5.17 MPa), and loading rate (4 min, 2 min, and 20 s) were varied. Tensile testing results show that the ultimate strength increased as the thickness increased and subsequently reached a plateau at a value of 20...
110th Anniversary: Near-Total Epoxidation Selectivity and Hydrogen Peroxide Utilization with Nb-EISA Catalysts for Propylene Epoxidation

The Nb-EISA catalyst with relatively low Nb loadings (∼2 wt %) shows exceptional propylene epoxidation performance with H2O2 as oxidant at 30–40 °C, 5–9 bar propylene pressure with nearly total pro...
School counselor conceptualizations of the needs of children of incarcerated parents

Abstract More than 5 million children in the United States will experience parental incarceration. These children may have academic, behavioral, or social difficulties in school. School counselors are positioned to support the mental health needs of children of incarcerated parents, but little was known about how school counselors understand their needs. This study used an instrumental case study design to consider how school counselors recognize and understand the needs of children of incarcerated parents in a single school district in a southeastern state. Participants described the observable impacts of parental incarceration at school. They conceptualized loss experiences for children of incarcerated parents, including losses of family connections, family stability, and social acceptance. Findings support ambiguous loss theory as a conceptual framework for the experiences of children of incarcerated parents. Recommendations for counselors, educational leaders, and future research are discussed.
Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Acute exacerbations of COPD involve increased symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and sputum production. These exacerbations are associated with increased mortality as well as decline in lung function. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is the preferred method of ventilatory support in respiratory failure secondary to AECOPD. NIPPV reduces work of breathing, improves oxygenation and ventilation and decreases both mortality and the risk of invasive ventilation.
Speech Emotion Recognition with Dual-Sequence LSTM Architecture

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has emerged as a critical component of the next generation of human-machine interfacing technologies. In this work, we propose a new dual-level model that predicts emotions based on both MFCC features and mel-spectrograms produced from raw audio signals. Each utterance is preprocessed into MFCC features and two mel-spectrograms at different time-frequency resolutions. A standard LSTM processes the MFCC features, while a novel LSTM architecture, denoted as Dual-Sequence LSTM (DS-LSTM), processes the two mel-spectrograms simultaneously. The outputs are later averaged to produce a final classification of the utterance. Our proposed model achieves, on average, a weighted accuracy of 72.7% and an unweighted accuracy of 73.3%—a 6% improvement over current state-of-the-art unimodal models—and is comparable with multimodal models that leverage textual information as well as audio signals.
Time Is the Wisest Counselor of All: The Value of Provider–Patient Engagement Length in Home Healthcare

Home healthcare is a rapidly growing area of the health sector in the United States. We study its role in the shift toward value-based care, as it is viewed as an avenue for achieving reductions in...
Adverse childhood experiences in a low-income black cohort: The importance of context

Abstract Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been definitively linked with cross-domain life course well-being. While scales measuring the ten “Conventional” ACEs (ACEs-C; intrafamilial experiences of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) are parsimonious, use of such scales alone may fail to capture crucial information about adversity, particularly in youth growing up in underresourced areas. Patterns and disparities in Conventional and Expanded ACEs (ACEs-E; experiences more common in impoverished and densely populated areas) were examined in the large, primarily Black Chicago Longitudinal Study cohort. This cohort has been followed from the 1980s to the present. Participants in the present study, comprising over 70% of the original sample, responded to a follow-up survey between 2012 and 2017. ACE information was collected both prospectively and retrospectively. Overall ACE prevalence and differences in ACEs by sex and risk were explored using logistic regression with adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios, and chi-squared tests. Higher sociodemographic risk in early childhood was associated with higher rates of ACEs-C through adolescence. Males endorsed higher rates of ACEs-E, particularly relating to violent crime. Nearly 1/5 of participants reported only ACEs-E, which are often not measured when assessing ACEs. Findings underscore enduring effects of early childhood risk factors on ACE exposure, as well as contributions of community characteristics to childhood adversity. Given strong associations between ACEs, environment, and well-being, enhancing inclusivity in our understanding of childhood adversity is a public health priority.
Orbital pathology: A review of anatomy and metabolic appearance of benign to malignant disease.

1161 Purpose: The purpose of this exhibit is to review the anatomy of the orbit and a broad spectrum of pathologic processes affecting the orbit with discussion on the associated imaging findings. A case series of common and uncommon, benign and malignant orbital lesions identified by PET/CT and subsequently confirmed by other imaging modalities, histology, and/or clinical follow up will be presented. The following are some examples (This list may be expanded as further cases are reviewed): Benign orbital lesions:- Non-hypermetabolic: Norrie Disease, Orbital dermoid cyst - Hypermetabolic: Optic nerve glioma, Optic nerve sheath meningioma, Grave"s Opthalmopahty, Orbital Pseudotumor Examples of malignant orbital lesions:- Nonhypermetabolic: carcinoid metastasis, bronchioavelolar metastasis - Hypermetabolic: Pulmonary Adenosquamous with globe metastasis, Maxillofacial sarcoma with orbital invasion, Mantle cell lymphoma with intraconal involvment, Sinus adencarcinoma with orbital invasion Educational Goals/Teaching PointsProvide cases of various orbital disease processes and their appearance in multi-modality imaging, with a focus on positron emission tomography (PET).Provide examples of post-treatment changes and response, when available.Inspire a more thorough search of the orbit, especially in PET imaging where this area may be neglected when asymptomatic.Make the reader aware that not all malignant lesions are hypermetabolic and not all benign lesions are non-hypermetabolic.Key Anatomic or Pathophysiologic Issues, Imaging Findings or Imaging Technique All cases will include fused PET, attenuation corrected, and CT localizer. Many will also include MRI images when available.Post treatment imaging will be provided and discussed when available. Conclusions: After viewing this exhibit the reader will be more aware of various presentations of orbital lesions, their anatomic location and clinical significance. He/she will make a conscious effort to make the orbit part of their search pattern in PET imaging, if it is not already.This exhibit will let the reader expand their repertoire for differential diagnoses when evaluating hypermetabolic and nonhypermetabolic orbital lesions and provide a more valuable report to the treating physician and improve patient care and possibly outcome.
Teaching Research Design with Authenticity

In this essay, I explain how I rejected the traditional approach to teaching undergraduate research methods. Instead, I empower students to explore their own interests incrementally as I teach them the process of research design. By shirking expectations, I allow students to acknowledge their nascent skills and to embrace the learning process. I utilize a pedagogical toolbox that stresses authenticity. This allows students to understand that growth as a researcher and teacher is a process and that this is reflected in their own learning in my classroom.
Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development

Kinship to Mastery is a fascinating and accessible exploration of the notion of biophilia - the idea that humans, having evolved with the rest of creation, possess a biologically based attraction to nature and exhibit an innate affinity for life and lifelike processes. Stephen R. Kellert sets forth the idea that people exhibit different expressions of biophilia in different contexts, and demonstrates how our quality of life in the largest sense is dependent upon the richness of our connections with nature. While the natural world provides us with material necessities - food, clothing, medicine, clean air, pure water - it also plays a key role in other aspects of our lives, including intellectual capacity, emotional bonding, aesthetic attraction, creativity, imagination, and even the recognition of a just and purposeful existence. As Kellert explains, each expression of biophilia shows how our physical, material, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual well-being is to a great extent dependent upon our relationships with the natural world that surrounds us. Kellert argues that because the full expression of biophilia is integral to our overall health, the ongoing degradation of the environment could have far more serious consequences than many people realize.
Multiple follicular cysts in four alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Follicular cysts are non-neoplastic skin lesions lined by follicular epithelium. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unclear. Multiple follicular cysts occur sporadically in dogs, horses and humans and are common in sheep. Here we report multiple follicular cysts in four aged alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Based on their histological features, they are most consistent with hybrid cysts. This is the first report of multiple follicular cysts in alpacas.
Swoogle: searching for knowledge on the semantic web

Swoogle is an implemented system that discovers, analyzes and indexes knowledge encoded in semantic web documents on the Web. Swoogle reasons about these documents and their constituent parts (e.g., terms and triples) and records meaningful metadata about them. Swoogle provides webscale semantic web data access service, which helps human users and software systems to find relevant documents, terms and triples, via its search and navigation services. Swoogle also provides a customizable algorithm inspired by Google's PageRank algorithm but adapted to the semantics and use patterns found in semantic web documents.
Neuromalignancy complicating the Muir–Torre syndrome

Keywords: brain cancer; hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; immunohistochemistry; Muir–Torre syndrome; sebaceous neoplasm
Ranking All-or-None Traits in Random Sample Tests

Abstract THE ranking of stocks in Random Sample tests constitutes an important problem. If the tests always ranked stocks in their correct order according to their superiority then a monopoly would probably be established by the breeders owning the best stocks because of the advertising advantage this circumstance would afford. A certain amount of uncertainty or chance in winning a Random Sample test helps to maintain breeders with less superior stocks by occasionally providing them with a winning entry. On the other hand, the purchaser of chicks probably wants the most accurate information possible as to their probable performance. Therefore, studies of the role that chance plays in determining the winners of Random Sample tests can aid us in assessing its importance and possible effect upon the poultry industry. In a previous paper (Becker, 1961), a quantitative trait, hen-housed egg production, was used as an example and it was shown that …
Identification of multiple loess units within modern soils of Clay County, Nebraska

Abstract Modem soils in south-central Nebraska may have formed in parent material made up of more than one loess unit. The aerial extent of these soils could be as much as 1.6 million ha. The presence of lithologic discontinuities within these soils complicates the explanation of their genesis. The objectives of this study were to determine if multiple loess units exist in the modem soils and to identify properties that could be used to differentiate between the loess units. Four pedons, representing an extensive soil and landscape map unit, were sampled and particle-size distribution, cation exchange capacity, extractable bases, organic carbon content and mineralogy were determined. Results indicated that at least two loess deposits associated with the Bignell loess of Holocene age and the Peoria loess of late Wisconsinan age were present within the pedons studied. These loess units can be differentiated on the basis of the following properties: particle-size distribution, chemistry, volcanic ash distribution and clay mineralogy. Differences in these properties within the pedons can be attributed to changes in sediments carried by the Platte River, the assumed source of the loess.
The reorientation mechanism of hydroxide ions in water: A molecular dynamics study

Classical molecular dynamics simulations with a polarizable force field indicate two major structural motifs for the aqueous bulk solvation of OH−: a four- and a five-coordinated solvent hydrogen bond donor to OH− in addition to a weak solvent hydrogen bond acceptor by OH−. A two-step mechanism for the reorientation of OH− in water is proposed: first, the reorientation of OH− is initiated by the coupled translation with the water molecules in its first solvation shell; second, the OH− relaxes to the minimum energy configuration. The first step is the rate-limiting one for this mechanism.
Long term perfusion system supporting adipogenesis

Adipose tissue engineered models are needed to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and for soft tissue regenerative strategies. Perfusion systems generate more physiologically relevant and sustainable adipose tissue models, however adipocytes have unique properties that make culturing them in a perfusion environment challenging. In this paper we describe the methods involved in the development of two perfusion culture systems (2D and 3D) to test their applicability for long term in vitro adipogenic cultures. It was hypothesized that a silk protein biomaterial scaffold would provide a 3D framework, in combination with perfusion flow, to generate a more physiologically relevant sustainable adipose tissue engineered model than 2D cell culture. Consistent with other studies evaluating 2D and 3D culture systems for adipogenesis we found that both systems successfully model adipogenesis, however 3D culture systems were more robust, providing the mechanical structure required to contain the large, fragile adipocytes that were lost in 2D perfused culture systems. 3D perfusion also stimulated greater lipogenesis and lipolysis and resulted in decreased secretion of LDH compared to 2D perfusion. Regardless of culture configuration (2D or 3D) greater glycerol was secreted with the increased nutritional supply provided by perfusion of fresh media. These results are promising for adipose tissue engineering applications including long term cultures for studying disease mechanisms and regenerative approaches, where both acute (days to weeks) and chronic (weeks to months) cultivation are critical for useful insight.
Effect of numerical integration on the poles and zeros of a transfer function

An expression for the transfer function of a numerical integrator is derived, and is illustrated by a mapping in the complex plane. Analysing a complete system using numerical integration is shown to be equivalent to displacing the poles and zeros of its transfer function. A simple graphical method for determining this displacement is described. The implicit Euler, trapezoidal and Shichman integration formulas are considered in detail. It is shown that these are special cases of a general formula, which possesses A stability. The trapezoidal formula is the most accurate A -stable equation, although it requires a reliable method of step-length adjustment. The implicit Euler and Shichman formulas sacrifice accuracy for better stability properties, when using large step lengths.
Growth of single crystal layers of AgGaS2 by liquid phase epitaxy using halide fluxes

High quality single crystal layers of AgGaS2, using the halides KCl and AgCl as fluxes, have been grown by liwuid phase homoepitaxy. Temperature-composition (T-X) phase equilibria for the systems KCl-AgGaS2 and AgCl-AgGaS2 are presented. The KCl-AgGaS2 T-X diagram is seen to be a simple pseudobinary eutectic system and is therefore easily applied to solution growth of AgGaS2. The AgCl-AgGaS2 system, however, is more complicated due to reactions between AgCl and AgGaS2 in forming GaCl3 and Ag9GaS6. The use of AgCl as a solvent in LPE is made practical by externally refluxing GaCl3 above the melt. Optimum conditions for growth from KCl and AgCl solutions are described. Growth rates of 0.15 μm/min have been achieved using KCl solutions. The crystalline quality of the epilayers produced was substantially better than that of the substrates as inferred from X-ray rocking curves.
Acute and chronic antiepileptic drug effects in audiogenic seizure-susceptible rats.

Abstract In audiogenic seizure (AGS)-susceptible rats, the acute dose-response effects of antiepileptic drugs administered intraperitoneally in preventing AGS and in causing rotorod neurotoxicity (ROT) were determined. Rank-order efficacies of drugs based on their protective indexes [ratio of median neurotoxic doses (ROT TD50) to median effective doses (AGS ED50)] were primidone (74.6), phenacemide (13.5), clonazepam (10.8), carbamazepine (5.9), phenobarbital (3.8), phenytoin (3.7), trimethadione (3.1), valproic acid (2.3), and ethosuximide (2.0). Further, the anti-AGS effects and plasma concentrations of phenobarbital were ascertained after doses of phenobarbital (45 mg/kg, acute, i.p., ED97) given every 12 h for 25 days. AGS tests and/or plasma analyses were carried out for 27 days at 2, 12, 14, 22, and/or 40 h after phenobarbital injection. Efficacy against AGS was directly related to postinjection times of testing and corresponding plasma concentrations, i.e., 100% protection of AGS at 2 and 12 h, 70% at 14 h, and 0% at 22 and 40 h; minimal plasma concentrations of 10 to 15 mg% appeared maximally effective in preventing AGS during 25 days. However, tolerance to phenobarbital-induced sedation and ataxia did occur. Also, a linear decline of plasma phenobarbital during the 40 postinjection h indicated first-order elimination kinetics and a half-life time of 12 h. These data indicate that the AGS test coupled with ROT test is reliable for identifying and ranking prototype antiepileptic drugs. Further, tolerance to AGS does not occur with phenobarbital when optimum and steady-state plasma concentrations of phenobarbital are maintained. These findings suggest that the AGS-susceptible rat model may offer a useful approach to the screening and development of pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of the epilepsies.
Pathologic analysis of restenosis following percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy.

To clarify mechanisms of restenosis following percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), we studied 253 patients (25% male) with PTMC using an Inoue balloon. Initial success (defined as either a mitral valve area >or= 1.5 cm(2) or more than twice the pre-PTMC valve area) was achieved in 95% of patients. During a mean follow-up period of 8 +/- 3 years, 12 patients underwent mitral valve replacement due to mitral valve restenosis. Visual inspection of the 12 resected valves with restenosis did not reveal fusion of the commissures. Histologically, all the resected mitral valves had evidence of end-stage rheumatic valvular disease, such as severe fibrosis and calcification. Deterioration of Wilkins echo score supported rheumatic disease progression in the leaflets and subvalvular region. Therefore, restenosis is not due to recurrence of fusion in commissures in these Japanese patients. Histologic and echocardiographic findings suggest that restenosis is based on end-stage valvular disease.
knot is required for the hypopharyngeal lobe and its derivatives in the Drosophila embryo

The genetic control of segmentation in the Drosophila larval head has been only partially elucidated. We report that the knot (kn) gene of Drosophila is required for the formation of the hypopharyngeal lobe in the germ-band stage embryo and the ventral arms and lateralgrate of the larval head skeleton. Rearrangement mutations of knot disrupt the previously characterized gene, collier, which encodes a COE-family transcription factor. kn is required for the activation of cnc (cap'n'collar, a bZIP homeotic selector gene) in the progenitors of hypopharyngeal lobe. kn is also required for the activation of an EST marker for the cephalic mesoderm, CK01299. Based on the relative expression of kn and the posterior compartment-specific gene hedgehog, we provide additional evidence that in Drosophila, unlike many other insects, the hypopharyngeal lobe arises from part of the mandibular segment.
Effective conductivity of dispersions: The effect of resistance at the particle surfaces

Abstract The effective thermal or electrical conductivity of a suspension of monodisperse spherical particles embedded in a matrix of different conductivity is computed for the case when there exists a finite resistance at the particle-matrix interface. The calculation is carried out to second order in the volume fraction θ of the particle phase for a dispersion having the structure of equilibrium hard spheres. Both the first-order (Maxwell) and the second-order approximations are found to represent experimental data reasonably well for dispersions of low to moderate concentration. To first order in θ, the calculation of the conductivity of a dispersion with surface resistance is equivalent to the calculation of the conductivity of another dispersion with no surface resistance, but with a different particle conductivity. In the case of polydisperse systems, the effective conductivity is found to be sensitive to the particle size distribution.
The Impact of Information Literacy-Related Instruction in the Science Classroom: Clickers Versus Nonclickers

The goal of information literacy instruction is to enable students to develop skills that they can use for life to facilitate their empowerment through information. Instruction librarians, particularly those teaching Millenials whose need for “hands on” instruction has been widely emphasized, are constantly searching for methodologies that will provide appropriate levels of interactive instruction. Many methods for enhancing the relevance of library instruction have been discussed in the literature. This study, designed and developed by a collaborative team of librarians and science faculty, describes the effects of providing course-integrated, interactive (with clickers) information literacy instruction to undergraduates at a small private nonprofit university in the Southeast.
A behavioral animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder featuring repeated exposure to situational reminders

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mice. The model featured repeated exposures to situational reminders of a traumatic stress, which consisted of a brief electric shock, and included assessment of two behavioral parameters and the startle reflex. The findings indicated an initial, but unsustained, increase in locomotor activity in a neutral environment due to traumatic stress. Exposure to situational reminders was associated with a persistent bidirectional abnormal behavioral pattern in a fear-provoking environment and a progressive increase over time in the magnitude of the startle reflex. Exposure to situational reminders also produced an increase in aggressive behavior. This animal model appears to produce behavioral changes analogous to those seen in patients with PTSD.
Varis: IDE support for embedded client code in PHP web applications

In software development, IDE services such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and "jump to declaration" are used to assist developers in programming tasks. In dynamic web applications, however, since the client-side code is dynamically generated from the server-side code and is embedded in the server-side program as string literals, providing IDE services for such embedded code is challenging. In this work, we introduce Varis, a tool that provides editor services on the client-side code of a PHP-based web application, while it is still embedded within server-side code. Technically, we first perform symbolic execution on a PHP program to approximate all possible variations of the generated client-side code and subsequently parse this client code into a VarDOM that compactly represents all its variations. Finally, using the VarDOM, we implement various types of IDE services for embedded client code including syntax highlighting, code completion, and "jump to declaration". The video demonstration for Varis is available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1TECeRXGrg.
IIHS Side Crash Test Ratings and Occupant Death Risk in Real-World Crashes

Objective: To evaluate how well the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) side crash test ratings predict real-world occupant death risk in side-impact crashes. Methods: The IIHS has been evaluating passenger vehicle side crashworthiness since 2003. In the IIHS side crash test, a vehicle is impacted perpendicularly on the driver's side by a moving deformable barrier simulating a typical sport utility vehicle (SUV) or pickup. Injury ratings are computed for the head/neck, torso, and pelvis/leg, and vehicles are rated based on their ability to protect occupants’ heads and resist occupant compartment intrusion. Component ratings are combined into an overall rating of good, acceptable, marginal, or poor. A driver-only rating was recalculated by omitting rear passenger dummy data. Data were extracted from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and National Automotive Sampling System/General Estimates System (NASS/GES) for the years 2000–2009. Analyses were restricted to vehicles with driver side...
Perception of complex motion paths under three conditions of stimulation

In the experiment reported, the accuracy of reproductions of the shapes of more or less complex motion paths was used to examine the effectiveness of two stimulation conditions, of ocular pur­ suit, and of configurational change when the latter took the form of induced motion. Reproduc­ tions of the apparent motion paths of an objectively stationary spot set into perceived motion by its moving background were found to be as accurate as the reproductions of identically shaped paths perceived when the spot underwent real motion that was given by ocular pursuit. A third set of motion-path reproductions was obtained when two conditions of stimulation participated in mediating a perceived motion: The horizontal component of each motion was given as induced motion, and the vertical component, by ocular pursuit. The two processes evoked by the two differ­ ent stimulation conditions were known to combine to form a single perceived motion. The results ofthis "combination" condition were compared with those of the single stimuli described above. In one case, the comparison was with the results of ocular pursuit, and in the other, it was with configurational change. Although perceiving combined motions was, for our subjects, a novel per­ ceptual event, reproductions of the motion paths that were perceived under these conditions were, with the exception of one stimulus display, not worse than those made when the motions were given under the other two conditions. When an object moves in a homogeneous field, its mo­ tion is perceived because the direction from which it is seen changes gradually; its motion is given as a subject­ relative displacement. This subject-relative displacement is mediated either by eye movements that track the mov­ ing object or by the displacement on the retina of the im­ age of the moving object when the eyes rest on a station­ ary point. When the moving object is among stationary objects or is seen against a patterned background, it changes its location relative to these landmarks and its motion is also given by its displacement relative to them. That such object-relative displacement may indeed medi­ ate motion perception can be shown by reversal of mo­ tion and immobility. When the object is at rest and the patterened background moves in such a way that the previ­ ous relative displacement is duplicated, most subjects will report, in addition to motion of the background, the same motion of the object as before, although that motion is no longer produced subject-relatively. The motion that is perceived under these conditions is called induced mo
Efferent connections of the subthalamic region in the rat. I. The subthalamic nucleus of luys

The efferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus of Luys (STN) in the rat were investigated with the aid of the anterograde autoradiographic and the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracer techniques. A small microelectrophoretic injection of tritiated proline and leucine centered in the STN (case RST-4) was found to label fibers directed mainly at 3 ipsilateral structures: the substantia nigra (chiefly the ventral portion of its pars reticulata), the entopeduncular nucleus and the globus pallidus (including the ventral pallidum). In addition to this major labeling pattern, much sparser labeling was seen in striatal, thalamic, hypothalamic, pretectal, tectal and reticular territories. In another series of experiments, microelectrophoretic HRP injections confined to the substantia nigra or the globus pallidus consistently resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral STN. On the other hand, HRP injections of the ventromedial portion of the midbrain tegmentum (including the red nucleus), the superior colliculus, the pretectal area or a midbrain region at the lateral border of the central gray substance resulted in retrograde labeling of cells in the zona incerta, but no labeled cells appeared in these cases in the ventrally adjacent STN. These HRP results, together with autoradiographic data obtained in control cases, suggest that the minor projections to territories other than the substantia nigra and the pallidal complex originate in the zona incerta or the cerebral cortex rather than in STN.
Crystal Structure of a Two-Subunit TrkA Octameric Gating Ring Assembly

The TM1088 locus of T. maritima codes for two proteins designated TM1088A and TM1088B, which combine to form the cytosolic portion of a putative Trk K+ transporter. We report the crystal structure of this assembly to a resolution of 3.45 A. The high resolution crystal structures of the components of the assembly, TM1088A and TM1088B, were also determined independently to 1.50 A and 1.55 A, respectively. The TM1088 proteins are structurally homologous to each other and to other K+ transporter proteins, such as TrkA. These proteins form a cytosolic gating ring assembly that controls the flow of K+ ions across the membrane. TM1088 represents the first structure of a two-subunit Trk assembly. Despite the atypical genetics and chain organization of the TM1088 assembly, it shares significant structural homology and an overall quaternary organization with other single-subunit K+ gating ring assemblies. This structure provides the first structural insights into what may be an evolutionary ancestor of more modern single-subunit K+ gating ring assemblies.
Temperature-robust neural activity using feedback control of ion channel expression

Neural activity depends on the kinetic properties of ion channels expressed in neurons. Small changes in these properties can dramatically affect synaptic integration, membrane excitability and circuit function. Like all biochemical processes, the kinetics of ion channels have an exponential temperature dependence and the exponent (the ‘Q10’) differs several-fold between ion channel types within species [1-3]. In warm-blooded animals such as mammals, deviations in temperature of only a few degrees Celsius can thus disrupt neural activity and lead to loss of consciousness or death. However, cold blooded animals, including all invertebrates, manage to survive and function despite temperature fluctuations of tens of degrees Celsius [1]. How is this robustness achieved? One possibility is that the self-regulating, activity-dependent mechanisms that maintain neuronal properties in cold-blooded animals operate in a way that specifically gives rise to temperature robustness. In this work we develop a model of activity-dependent ion channel regulation that can produce stable neuronal activity in spite of underlying differences in the temperature dependence and density of conductances in model neurons. We use this model to explore the constraints that temperature-robustness imposes on self-regulating models and the resulting consequences for neuronal properties and circuit function.
Angiotensin II stimulates migration of retinal microvascular pericytes: involvement of TGF-β and PDGF-BB

We studied the promigratory effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on cultured bovine retinal microvascular pericytes. ANG II stimulated migration of pericytes by 86% at 10−8 M, but this effect was lost...
Effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate on renal function.

Abstract 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T) has been shown to undergo renal tubular secretion in the isolated perfused rat kidney, especially when a dextran perfusate was used to limit 2,4,5-T-colloid binding. This renal transport of 2,4,5-T led to a high concentration of 2,4,5-T in the kidney and a resultant decrease in the functional capacity of the perfused kidney. The present study investigated the effect of 2,4,5-T on in vivo renal function in the rat. When 100 mg 2,4,5-T/kg was infused iv, no effect on renal function was observed; glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional reabsorption of water and electrolytes, (FR H 2 O , FR Na , FR K , FR Cl ), urine flow rate (V) and clearance of tetraethylammonium (C TEA ) were unaltered. One possibility for the discrepancy between the findings in the perfused kidney and in the in vivo experiments was the high degree of plasma binding of 2,4,5-T found in rat plasma. This plasma-protein binding, which has been known to decrease 2,4,5-T excretion, appeared to protect the kidney from the compound's acute nephrotoxic effects. To test this hypothesis, perfused-kidney experiments were performed with 2,4,5-T in a bovine serum-albumin perfusate. Under these conditions, there was no change in the GFR, V, FR Na , FR H 2 O and FR Cl . The clearance of p -aminohippurate (C PAH ), however, was reduced in the presence of 2,4,5-T. The C PAH /GFR was decreased from about 6 to 1, which indicated that organic-anion transport was completely inhibited by a 2,4,5-T concentration that was not nephrotoxic. Thus 2,4,5-T did not produce acute renal failure in vivo but was still able to cause a selective inhibition of organic-anion transport in the kidney.
The role of sorbed humic substances on the distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in groundwater

Abstract Mineral-bound humic substances modify inorganic surfaces in subsurface sediments, changing the nature and number of complexation sites for contaminants. Because of adsorptive enrichment, the reactive surface area or site concentration contributed by mineral-bound humic substances can exceed that of dissolved or colloidal humic substances by two orders of magnitude. Mineral-bound humic materials may, therefore, provide a major sink for the removal of contaminants in groundwater. The reactivity of the humic substance is primarily determined by the structural and bulk chemical properties of the humic substance and the aqueous solution chemistry. Organic and inorganic contaminants sorb readily to mineral-bound humic substances. The sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds increases as ionic strength decreases, is enhanced by divalent cations, and displays non-linear isotherms and competitive adsorption behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that hydrophobic adsorption, rather than phase partitioning, is the primary sorption mechanism for neutral organic molecules on these particle coatings. Mineral-bound humic substances augment, rather than change, the intrinsic complexation properties of mineral surfaces for metal cations. The degree of sorption enhancement promoted by mineral-bound organic material varies strongly with pH and depends on the magnitude of the stability constants between the metal cation and the humic substance, the strength and magnitude of adsorption of the humic substance by the mineral surface, and the extent of aqueous complex formation between the non-sorbed humic substance and metal. The simplest sorption model for humate-modified surfaces is the linear additivity model (LAM). Sorption data for certain hydrophobic organic compounds and metal cations appear to conform to this model.
Changes in the homing properties of labeled lymphoid cells caused by solid tumor growth.

Abstract The effect of a progressively growing fibrosarcoma upon the distribution of 51 Cr-labeled cells from the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow and Peyer's Patches was measured in tumor-bearing recipient mice. Tumor presence caused a uniform depression of migration of labeled cells to the bone marrow. In most cases increased homing of cells to the spleen was also observed. Labeled cells prepared from lymph nodes and Peyer's Patches were generally unaffected by the presence of a growing tumor. Migration of labeled cells from tumor bearing donors into normal syngeneic recipients suggests depletion or incapacitation of parts of the T-cell population of the spleen. These results emphasize the important relationship between splenic function and tumor progression.