cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petrology and Sedimentation of Early Paleozoic Island-Arc Deposits, Newfoundland: ABSTRACT

The Cambro-Ordovician New Bay Formation (2,000 m) of the Newfoundland Appalachians is a southward-thickening prism of conglomeratic, volcanogenic turbidites interbedded with sandstone and black argillite. Abundant sedimentary structures include tool and scour marks, cross-lamination, normal and multiple graded bedding, slump folds, and channels. The top of the formation is mostly agglomerate interbedded with red-and-green laminated silty argillite. Trails and burrows are the only fossils. The sandstones are lithic-feldspathic arenites and basaltic wackes composed of fresh, angular unstable mineral grains and little quartz. The conglomerates have volcanic and sedimentary clasts enclosed in an ashy matrix altered to chlorite. Volcanic clasts are basalt, andesite, and dacite porphyry. Sedimentary clasts include green cherty siltite, fine-grained feldspathic arenite, abundant rip-up clasts of argillite, and rare jasper. Analysis of Bouma sequences, amalgamated contacts, and trace fossils indicates abrupt regression late in New Bay deposition. Sole marks, slump folds, and channel axes indicate marginal sediment supply from turbidity currents and slumping down an east-facing submarine slope. On the northwest the formation thins and apparently passes into marine and subaerial pyroclastic strata of the Wild Bight Group. On the east it is in sedimentary and tectonic contact with the Dunnage melange which has been interpreted as an ocean trench deposit. The petrology and sedimentology of the New Bay Formation compares closely with certain Miocene volcanic arc deposits described from Malekula Island, New Hebrides. Therefore the New Bay is interpreted as a volcanogenic "apron" deposited in the arc-trench gap of a Cambro-Ordovician island arc. End_of_Article - Last_Page 779------------
The Four-Vertex Theorem Revisited—Two Variations on the Old Theme

(1995). The Four-Vertex Theorem Revisited—Two Variations on the Old Theme. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 102, No. 10, pp. 912-916.
Realizing the opportunities of genomics in health care.

April 14, 2013, marks the 10th anniversary of the completion of the Human Genome Project. Concurrently, the nation is in the process of reforming health care, with the aims of reducing costs, increasing access, and improving outcomes. One decade since the Human Genome Project's end, the question remains, how has sequencing the human genome contributed to achieving these goals?
Describing and prescribing the constitutive response of yield stress fluids using large amplitude oscillatory shear stress (LAOStress)

Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is used as a tool to probe the nonlinear rheological response of a model elasto-viscoplastic material (a Carbopol microgel). In contrast to most recent studies, these large amplitude measurements are carried out in a stress-controlled manner. We outline a descriptive framework of characterization measures for nonlinear rheology under stress-controlled LAOS, and this is contrasted experimentally to the strain-controlled framework that is more commonly used. We show that this stress-controlled methodology allows for a physically intuitive interpretation of the yielding behavior of elasto-viscoplastic materials. The insight gained into the material behavior through these nonlinear measures is then used to develop two constitutive models that prescribe the rheological response of the Carbopol microgel. We show that these two successively more sophisticated constitutive models, which are based on the idea of strain decomposition, capture in a compact manner the important features of the nonlinear rheology of the microgel. The second constitutive model, which incorporates the concept of kinematic hardening, embodies all of the essential behaviors exhibited by Carbopol. These include elasto-viscoplastic creep and time-dependent viscosity plateaus below a critical stress, a viscosity bifurcation at the critical stress, and Herschel–Bulkley flow behavior at large stresses.
Geostrategy in the space age: An astropolitical analysis

(1999). Geostrategy in the space age: An astropolitical analysis. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 22, Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy, pp. 83-106.
Multivariate stochastic orderings and positive dependence in reliability theory

Stochastic orderings are introduced for vectors of lifetimes based on hazard rates and cumulative hazard functions. Relations are established between those orderings and other ones such as the totally positive ordering of Karlin and Rinott 1980. Positive dependence notions in reliability theory are recast in terms of the new stochastic orderings. Relationships are also established between the notion of multivariate total positivity and the notion of hazard increase upon failure.
Purification and partial characterization of α1-proteinase inhibitor in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Abstract Fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) concentration has been to diagnose enteric protein loss in dogs and cats. Chronic lymphocytic enteritis is commonly seen in the marmoset (Callithrix jaccus) and is characterized by hypoalbuminemia. As a prelude to immunoassay development for detecting enteric protein loss, marmoset serum α1-PI was purified using immunoaffinity chromatography and ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. Partial characterization was performed by reducing gel electrophoresis and enzyme inhibitory assays. Protein identity was confirmed with peptide mass fingerprinting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Molecular mass, relative molecular mass, and isoelectric point for marmoset α1-PI were 54 kDa, 51,677, and 4.8–5.4, respectively. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase inhibitory activity were observed. N-terminal amino acid sequence for marmoset α1-PI was EDPQGDAAQKMDTSHH. In conclusion, marmoset α1-PI was successfully purified from serum with an overall yield of 12% using a rapid and efficient method. Purified marmoset α1-PI has characteristics similar to those of α1-PI reported for other species.
Preparation of chloroacetaldehyde‐l‐14C and its reaction with adenine and cytosine nucleotides

Chloroacetaldehyde, which reacts selectively with cytosine and adenine nucleotides to give fluorescent etheno-bridged derivatives, was synthesized bearing a 14C label. The chloroacetaldehyde l-14C, prepared from glycerol-2-14C, was used to form etheno-bridged adenine and cytosine nucleotides for enzyme studies and was applied to the chemical modification of tRNA.
Forget about Today: Bob Dylan's Genius for (Re)invention, Shunning the Naysayers, and Creating a Personal Revolution

Search through the myriad of books on Bob Dylan and you will unquestionably find a heap of biographies, a stack of lyrical interpretations, and an autobiography. Browse through the new releases and...
The distribution of NCAM in the chick hindlimb during axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis.

Abstract We have determined the distribution and form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the chick hindlimb from initial axon outgrowth (stage 17 1 2 ) until 3 days posthatching by immunohistological staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblots. Axons stained intensely for NCAM at all ages, whereas non-neuronal limb components exhibited dynamic changes in staining. Mesenchymal cells in the sclerotome adjacent to the neural tube developed NCAM immunoreactivity in an anterior-posterior sequence which correlated with the sequence of axonal outgrowth. Low to moderate amounts of NCAM were detected within and surrounding presumptive nerve pathways, consistent with a permissive role for NCAM in axon extension, but not with a precise delineation of pathway boundaries. On myotubes immunoreactivity for NCAM remained low from stage 26 to 30 when it increased dramatically in both aneural and control limbs, indicating that its appearance is not triggered by nerve-dependent activity or trophic interactions. The increase was temporally associated with muscle cleavage and may encourage subsequent axon ramification as well as synaptogenesis. Staining remained high on muscle fibers during secondary myotube formation and only declined during the week before hatching when polyneuronal innervation is withdrawn and the mature synaptic pattern becomes stabilized. This loss of muscle NCAM occurred first on fast and then on slow muscle fibers. Together these results suggest that the timing of innervation may be controlled by the muscle, through NCAM expression, but that the subsequent suppression of muscle NCAM may occur as a result of nerve-mediated activity.
Effect of moderator temperature upon neutron flux in infinite, capturing medium

Abstract The integral equation governing the dependence upon speed of the neutron flux for moderation in an infinite, capturing medium has been solved by Monte Carlo methods. Effects on the flux due to the thermal motions of the scattering and absorbing atoms are taken into account within the context of the assumption that the thermal speed distributions are Maxwell-Boltzmann in character. Results for several different scattering masses and several different (1/ v )-absorption cross-sections are presented in detail.
On the Electromagnetic Properties of Nucleons

The methods recently developed by Schwinger for dealing with problems in quantum electrodynamics have been applied to an investigation of the electromagnetic properties of nucleons in interaction with pseudoscalar mesons. The calculated values of the magnetic moments of the neutron and proton are in agreement with results previously obtained by Case, Luttinger, and Slotnick and Heitler using different calculational procedures. Our result for the neutron-electron interaction is identical with that obtained by Case. Included in this paper are the anomalous proton-electron interaction and a qualitative discussion of the scattering of high energy nucleons. The large coupling constants necessary to fit any of the experimental data show that the results obtained by a second order perturbation calculation are not quantitatively reliable.
Cardiac MRI scar patterns differ by sex in an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy cohort

Background Recent meta-analyses suggest that the effectiveness of cardiac devices may differ between genders. Compared to men, women may not benefit as much from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), yet benefit more from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Myocardial scar burden is associated with increased incidence of appropriate ICD shocks but decreased response to CRT and may explain gender differences in device benefit. Objective To test the hypothesis that the extent of myocardial scar is less in women than men. Methods In 235 patients referred for primary prevention ICDs who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, we compared scar size by gender. Analyses were performed for all patients (ICD cohort) and those receiving biventricular pacemakers (CRT subgroup). Results In the ICD cohort, women (vs men) had a higher prevalence of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM; 64% vs 39%; P Conclusions In a cohort of patients undergoing clinically indicated ICD and CRT, women had less myocardial scar than did men. This difference was primarily driven by a higher prevalence of NICM in women. These findings may have important implications for the future study of gender disparities in ICD and CRT outcomes.
Electron spin resonance study of phosphatidyl choline vesicles using 5-doxyl stearic acid

Abstract Harshness and skin irritation are related to surfactant–skin lipid interactions. Delipidization of the stratum corneum is caused by surfactant penetration into extracellualar lipid bilayers; disrupting the lipid microstructure and thereby impairing skin barrier properties. The mechanisms of interactions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with lipid as a model membrane are investigated in this work by studying the vesicle to micelle structural transition, which occurs during such interactions of the membrane. The optical density of the phosphatidyl choline liposome was found to increase upon the addition of up to 2 mM SDS and then to decrease gradually on further increase in SDS concentration. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of 5-doxyl stearic acid (5-DSA) in liposome before and after interaction with SDS solutions at different concentrations showed the rotational correlation time of 5-DSA to increase markedly, possibly due to the penetration of 5-DSA into the lipid bilayers. SDS addition decreased the rotational correlation time of 5-DSA until it attained a constant value above a certain SDS concentration suggesting complete solubilization of liposome and formation of mixed micelles. The ESR spectrum of 5-DSA inside SDS micelle was also seen to be quite different from that obtained after complete solubilization of liposome and, this also indicates the formation of mixed micelles.
Harmonic behavior during arcing faults on power distribution feeders

Abstract The waveforms of normal and arcing fault currents on power distribution feeders are investigated and compared in terms of the percentage amplitude with respect to the amplitude of the normal fundamental. The purpose of the study is to find better parameters to indicate arcing faults. The effect of capacitor banks on distribution feeder harmonics is discussed briefly.
Multiplets in the Spectra of O III, O IV, O V and C III

The spectra of oxygen and carbon have been photographed in the region 100A to 650A with a twenty-one foot grazing incidence vacuum spectrograph. A hot spark was used as the light source. Transitions between $2{s}^{2}2p3d^{3}D^{0}$, $^{3}P^{0}$, $2{s}^{2}2p3s^{3}P^{0}$ and $2{s}^{2}2{p}^{2}^{3}P$ of O III terms were observed. The separation of the levels arising from the lowest electron configuration is thus fixed. Nebular lines fit these term differences very well. In O IV the quartet intercombinations $2s2{p}^{2}^{4}P$ to $2{s}^{2}3s^{4}P^{0}$, $2s2p3d^{4}D^{0}$, $^{4}P^{0}$ have been found. This connects the two quartet systems and a revised term table is given. The $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ separations of three O V triplets have been measured but do not agree too well with other data. Two C III triplets, previously observed by Bowen as doublets, have been resolved and fit the calculated $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}'\mathrm{s}$.
The Impact of FLES: An Appraisal*

pessimistic rumors, many are striking their breasts over the imminent demise of foreign language in the elementary school (FLES), I should have chosen to speak on the paradoxical topic: The Impact of FLES. First, as briefly as possible in order to allow time for reactions, for questions from the floor, I shall consider with you an overview of FLES over the last decade. At the risk of over-emphasis I shall stress the magnitude of change effected in foreign language teaching in the grades between the stage of initiation and the current
Immobilized enzyme electrode for the determination of salicylate in blood serum

Abstract This determination of salicylate in blood serum is based on application of an immobilized enzyme electrode. Salicylate hydroxylase (E.C.1.14.13.1) is chemically immobilized onto a pig intestine mounted on an oxygen electrode. The signals are monitored amperometrically and the resulting output voltage is read using a simple adapter. The experimental parameters and possible interferences are discussed. Samples containing 1.0 × 10 −5 −1.87 × 10 −3 M (1.6–300 μg ml −1 ) salicylate were assayed with relative standard deviations between 1.3% and 6% and recoveries between 98.7 and 103%. Results obtained by the proposed method and by the established clinical method for randomly spiked pooled serum samples correlated well ( r = 0.99).
Increased melatonin levels after hemorrhagic shock in male and female C3H/HeN mice

Although hemorrhagic shock leads to significant alterations of several hormones, e.g. ACTH, corticosterone and β-endorphin, it is not known whether plasma melatonin levels are affected under this condition and if so, whether the effects are comparable in males and females. Using a radioimmunoassay, it was found that plasma melatonin levels were significantly increased in male and proestrus female C3H/HeN mice immediately after hemorrhagic shock. However, in male mice, by two hours after hemorrhage and resuscitation, plasma melatonin returned to levels comparable to those seen in control and sham-operated animals. Proestrus female mice, on the other hand, showed significantly increased plasma melatonin levels at two hours after surgery when compared to unoperated control animals. Although the significance and biological role of the transient increased plasma melatonin levels after hemorrhagic shock remain to be determined, it appears that the pineal gland and/or an extrapineal source of melatonin, of both male and proestrus female mice responds to severe hypotension by increased release of melatonin.
Purified pig FSH increases the rate of double ovulation in mares

Summary A commercial preparation of porcine FSH (Folltropin) was used to determine whether injections of FSH early in the oestrous cycle, before a large dominant follicle is present, can stimulate multiple ovulations in cycling mares. In the 1990 and 1991 breeding seasons, after injection of 8, 16 or 32 mg FSH twice daily beginning on Day 6 and PGF2α on Days 5 and 6, the rate of multiple ovulation was increased significantly to 1.83, 1.54, and 1.50, respectively, compared with 1.19 for saline-injected controls. All multiple ovulations were double ovulations. In 1992, mares were injected with 8 mg FSH twice daily beginning on Day 3, with injection of PGF2α once daily on Days 3–6 (‘early’ group) and the response compared with that of the same mares to the protocol used in 1990-91 (‘late’ group). PGF2α injection caused a rapid decline in plasma progesterone in both groups. FSH did not increase ovulation rate in either group but the rate of double ovulations was increased in the ‘early’ group, for saline- and FSH-treated mares, in comparison with untreated control cycles for the same mares. Ultrasonographic analysis of growth and regression of individual follicles ≥15 mm and ≥25 mm in mares treated during the 1990-92 breeding seasons revealed no consistent effect of FSH treatment on those follicular populations. These results suggest that treatment with high doses of a commercial preparation of porcine FSH can produce a modest increase in ovulation rate. Although the increase in ovulation rate was small, the response was consistent; no mare ovulated more than 2 follicles and double ovulations were synchronous, occurring on the same or succeeding days in almost all mares.
Incomplete Crystallization of Skutterudites

A series of CexCo4Sb12 samples were synthesized, with x = 0 to 2. The crystallinity of the samples was studied using quantitative Rietveld analysis, and revealed that the samples did not crystallize completely. These data correlated with changes in the lattice parameter, DSC peak temperature, and DSC peak area. The crystallinity was confirmed using electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), which showed crystallites with a background of an amorphous matrix. This unusual morphology may improve thermoelectric properties by decreasing thermal conductivity.
Cerebellar volume in offspring from multiplex alcohol dependence families.

Background: Increased susceptibility for developing alcohol dependence (AD) might be related to structural differences in brain circuits that influence the salience of rewards and/or modify the efficiency of information processing. The role of the cerebellum in regulating cognitive functions is being increasingly recognized along with its well-known influence on motor performance. Additionally, developmental changes in cerebellar volume during adolescence have been reported. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the cerebellum in 17 high-risk adolescent and young adult offspring from multiplex alcohol dependence families and 16 control subjects matched for gender, age, and IQ. Results: High-risk (HR) adolescents/young adults showed increased total cerebellum volume and total grey in comparison with control subjects. Age-related decreases in total grey volume were seen with age, a pattern that was not seen in HR offspring. Conclusions: Offspring from multiplex families for AD manifest genetic susceptibility by having larger cerebellar volume, which seems to be related to lesser grey matter pruning for age. Larger cerebellar volumes in adult obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients have been reported. This suggests a possible similarity in structural underpinnings for alcohol dependence and OCD.
The evolving implications of health and sustainability in China

Sustainability in the context of China is an immediate and massive concept. A society of 1.3 billion has economic growth of 9-10% and a dramatic rise in life expectancy. It has rapidly-accumulating material wealth, major lifestyle changes and growing inequalities. It is putting great pressure on natural resources such as water and air quality. The Chinese Government's new 5-year plan uses the term 'sustainable development' as an important social goal for the first time. Sustainability requires a global effort and Sino-European partnerships are important.
Dimeric complexes containing the disulfidodiiron(2+) cores coordinated by non-sulfur containing terminal ligands. The crystal and molecular structures of the tetraethylammonium salts of the [Fe2S2(o,o'-C12H8O2)2]2- and [Fe2S2(C4H4N)4]2- anions

L'etude structurale des deux composes montre que les dianions sont places sur des centres de symetrie cristallographiques
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase promotes adult subventricular neuroblast migration after stroke.

Rodent adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived progenitor cells abandon the rostral migratory stream (RMS)/olfactory complex postmiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and migrate into compromised tissue, possibly playing a role in brain recovery. Using SVZ tissue explants from the adult rat, we investigated the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway in the migration of SVZ cells. Stroke significantly (P <.01) increased migratory speed (198 +/- 39 microm/day) of neuroblasts out of the SVZ explants compared with the speed (99 +/- 20 microm/day) in the normal SVZ (nSVZ) explants within the first 3 days of incubation. Three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed formation of neuroblast encompassing chain-like astrocyte structures extruding from both normal and stroke explants. Western blots showed that stroke SVZ (sSVZ) explants increased Akt phosphorylation. Treatment of sSVZ explants with the selective PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly (P <.01) attenuated neuroblast migration and Akt phosphorylation, whereas treatment with LY294002 did not affect the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)- and caspase-3-immunoreactive cells, indicating that stroke-enhanced neuroblast migration is independent of cell proliferation and survival. PI3K catalyzes phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP(3)) which facilitates Akt phosphorylation. Thus, our data demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway mediates neuroblast migration after stroke.
Implementation of the Zuluaga‐Raysmith (Z‐R) Model for Assessment of Perceived Basic Human Needs in Home Health Clients and Caregivers

The Zuluaga-Raysmith (Z-R) model is a conceptual framework that incorporates accepted concepts of universal basic human needs developed by Maslow, yet removes the hierarchical nature of these. The Z-R model recognizes the existence of a health-illness continuum and accepts that an entity (individual, family, aggregate, or community) may move freely in the direction of greater health and self-actualization or towards illness and premature death. The Z-R model identifies 10 basic needs and recognizes that a perceived deficit in any one of these needs can adversely affect the level of wellness of the entity being considered. This exploratory and descriptive study used 11 nurses as interviewers. Subjects consisted of a convenience sample of homebound clients of a home health agency in a metropolitan city, and selected caregivers (n = 27). A modified functional wellness inventory (developed in 1993 by Louvenia Carter) was used with several open-ended questions, which together related to the 10 needs of the Z-R model. Reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.84. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, using means, percentages, and frequencies. Open-ended questions were grouped according to content and ranked in order of frequency. The five most pressing needs of this small sample were income; physical health; opportunity to make a contribution; mobility; and mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health (MESSH). Nurses unanimously reported that use of the instrument and the Z-R model helped them to focus on the total person, identify strengths in their clients, identify perceived needs deficits, and therefore, with the client, facilitate the preparation of a timely and cost-effective interdisciplinary plan of care to help the entity to move to a higher level of wellness despite the presence of chronic disease, disability, or impending death. These findings suggested that further research is warranted to explore the use of the Z-R model. A replication study is in progress.
Douching Behaviors Reported by Adolescent and Young Adult Women at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections

Abstract Study Objective: To describe frequency of douching and reasons as timing to menses, vaginal symptoms, and coitus and the association of these behaviors to the diagnosis of three sexually acquired infections. Design, Setting, Participants: The study involved 160 females between the ages of 14 and 25 yrs attending a STD clinic and/or community adolescent health clinics. Subjects were eligible to enter the study if they had a positive test(s) for and/or were a contact of chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, and/or nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Reevaluation for these infections occurred at the 1-month, 4-month, and 7-month visit with one-dose antibiotic treatment provided for positive tests. Data on douching was collected at the 7-month visit only. Main Outcome Measure: Results of tests for STI's using urine-based DNA-amplification techniques for chlamydia and gonorrhea and using self-obtained vaginal swabs for trichomonas culture. Results: Nearly two-thirds (106/160) of the subjects ages 14–25 yrs completing the 7-month visit reported douching, with 67.7% (69/102) reporting douching once a month or more. Douching was more common in older, black participants, using injectable progestins for contraception. Douching was more common in those reporting more recent sexual partners. Douching related to menses was not associated with any of the three infections, while douching related to symptoms and coitus was associated with positive tests for infections. Conclusions: Results suggest that for this subset of teens at high risk for sexually acquired infections, douching is a commonly reported behavior. This study suggests that the linkage of douching and sexually acquired infections is associated with contraceptive choices, self-treatment of vaginal symptoms, and sexual risk behaviors but not menstrual hygiene.
Life goes on: the experiences of wives of multiply-deployed National Guard soldiers.

Whether a service member is active duty or part of the National Guard, deployment of these service members is a major issue for most families. There is limited knowledge of the experience of multiple deployments on the family. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of wives of National Guard soldiers that were deployed more than once. Nine wives were interviewed. An analysis of the interviews revealed four themes: (1) “Life Goes On” (i.e., despite the repeated deployments, life continues at home); (2) the “Guard is a Different Animal” (i.e., life as a National Guard spouse is different from that of an active duty spouse); (3) “It's a Mind-Set” (i.e., how wives cope their husband's deployment); and (4) “Going Back Again” (i.e., wives’ experiences of multiple deployments). Exploring how multiple deployments affects wives of National Guard soldiers is helpful in understanding their experiences and the adjustments that must be made in family life. Knowledge of the experiences of these wives may...
Superhyperfine structure in the EPR spectra of Gd3+ ions in PbTe

Abstract X-band EPR measurements have been made from 4.2K up to 300K on single crystals of PbTe doped with a nominal Gd content of 0.04 and 0.1 at.%. A multi-fold splitting of the ( − 1 2 , 1 2 ) fine structure transition was recorded along the [100] and [111] crystallographic directions. The splitting is shown to arise from a superhyperfine interaction between gadolinium ions and the lead isotope 207Pb. The superhyperfine coupling constant is temperature independent within experimental error. At 24K we obtain aPb = 2.026±0.006G or (1.883 ± 0.005). 10−4cm−1. The superhyperfine lines broaden with increasing temperature due to a localized spin-free carrier interaction and cannot be resolved above 80K. These results show that the interactions of the 4f electrons, while somewhat smaller than those of Mn 3d electrons, are not negligible. The superhyperfine structure shows that the Gd ions occupy cation sites. No evidence of interstitial sites was seen.
Approximate geostrophic models for large-scale flow in the ocean and atmosphere

Abstract A family of approximate models that are appropriate for describing the large-scale, geostrophically balanced, motion of the ocean and atmosphere are discussed. In particular, an approximate model valid for both the planetary-scale and the synoptic or mesoscale is systematically derived in the context of the shallow water equations.
Concurrent Validity of a Love Relationships Scale

Based on data from 260 adults, the present study investigated the structure of stereotypically defined love, and the concurrent validity of a measure of beliefs about this love. The results from se...
Visible Light Emission in Silicon-Interface Adsorbed Gas Superlattices

Having an indirect fundamental bandgap, unlike III-V or II-VI compound semiconductors, silicon has not played a role in optoelectronic applications such as injection lasers and light emitting diodes. In an attempt to introduce a sufficient quantum size effect, we present the experimental results on a new type of silicon based superlattices consisting of alternating layers of silicon and monolayers of adsorbed gases, Si/IAG multilayers (Si/Interface Adsorbed Gas), constructed by repeated interruptions of silicon deposition with adsorbed gases of oxygen and hydrogen. Fairly strong visible luminescence has been observed.
Phosphorylation of chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins does not increase the absorption cross‐section of photosystem 1

Abstract Direct measurements on the effective absorption cross-section of photosystem (PS) 1 were obtained with control (light — ATP) and phosphorylated (light + ATP) chloroplast thylakoids from spinach. The rate of light absorption by PS1 was invariant in control and phosphorylated thylakoids, suggesting a constant functional antenna size for this photosystem. We conclude that phosphorylated chlorophyll a-b light-harvesting complex from PS2 is not functionally connected with the antenna pigment of PS1.
Generalization of Nose's isothermal molecular dynamics: Non-Hamiltonian dynamics for the canonical ensemble

There are many potentially useful generalizations of Nos\'e's mechanics that are both deterministic and time reversible despite the lack of an underlying Hamiltonian. These generalizations are particularly useful in simulating systems far from equilibrium.
Computer Modeling of the Thermal Conductivity of Cometary Ice

The main objective of this research was to estimate the thermal conductivity of cometry ices from computer simulations of model amorphous ices. This was divided into four specific tasks: (1) Generating samples of amorphous water ices at different microporosities; (2) Comparing the resulting molecular structures of the ices with experimental results, for those densities where data was available; (3) Calculating the thermal conductivities of liquid water and bulk amorphous ices and comparing these results with experimentally determined thermal conductivities; and (4) Investigating how the thermal conductivity of amorphous ice depends upon the microscopic porosity of the samples. The thermal conductivity was found to be only weakly dependent on the microstructure of the amorphous ice. In general, the amorphous ices were found to have thermal conductivities of the same order of magnitude as liquid water. This is in contradiction to recent experimental estimates of the thermal conductivity of amorphous ice, and it is suggested that the extremely low value obtained experimentally is due to larger-scale defects in the ice, such as cracks, but it is not an intrinsic property of the bulk amorphous ice.
Comparison of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in socioeconomic, demographic, and disease severity factors between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and those ...
Intracellular and intercellular processes determine robustness of the circadian clock

Circadian clocks are present in most organisms and provide an adaptive mechanism to coordinate physiology and behavior with predictable changes in the environment. Genetic, biochemical, and cellular experiments have identified more than a dozen component genes and a signal transduction pathway that support cell-autonomous, circadian clock function. One of the hallmarks of biological clocks is their ability to reset to relevant stimuli while ignoring most others. We review recent results showing intracellular and intercellular mechanisms that convey this robust timekeeping to a variety of circadian cell types.
Globalization of technology and polycultural global teams

Summary form only as given. All firms, and in particular technology-driven organizations in the USA, are earning increasingly more revenues in global markets. Their technology value adding chains extend beyond their national boundaries and cultural space. This requires people with multiple cultures working together harmoniously. This paper discusses these international issues with requirements for high performing teams.
Improving pediatric compliance with EEG: decreasing procedural anxiety and behavioral distress.

Abstract Behavioral distress in EEG can be a barrier to medical care, and behavioral interventions may be a solution. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a brief intervention to decrease procedural distress during an EEG. We hypothesized that children and parents who received psychoeducation and distraction interventions would exhibit less anxiety and distress during an EEG procedure, as compared to those receiving standard care, and this would not add to EEG duration. One hundred and thirty-nine children (0–6 years) and their parents referred for routine EEGs were enrolled. Data were analyzed separately for both infants and children due to differences in the presentation of psychoeducational materials. Results demonstrated less parental anxiety and less distress vocalizations during the EEG. Interestingly, the intervention did not increase the duration of the EEG. While the data suggest positive effects, study limitations raise more questions as to the feasibility and impact of psychoeducation and distraction interventions with extended medical procedures.
Credible Commitments and International Cooperation: Guaranteeing Contracts Without External Enforcement

Understanding when and how international entities can establish beneficial cooperative agreements under anarchy is one of the most significant challenges facing theorists of international relations. In this article, I present a game-theoretic model that explains and predicts conditions under which self-enforcing agreements are possible, and conditions under which cooperation can be aided by provisions to an agreement that change the incentives of the negotiating parties. I argue, first, that the benefits and risks of unilateral defection do not always inhibit the formation of mutually beneficial agreements, and second, that even when the risks of defection are high, agreements can sometimes be constructed that mitigate this risk through provisions that act as guarantors of the agreement. By constraining their own future behavior and protecting their partners, international actors can sometimes create conditions conducive to cooperation through the contracting process.
Managerial Overcommitment in Corporate Acquisition Processes

This study investigates a problem that may occur during corporate acquisitions: managers who become committed to acquiring a particular target firm, regardless of benefit to the acquiring firm. Three factors that may create commitment to a particular target were investigated: 1 personal responsibility for the decision to acquire the target, 2 competition for the target, and 3 whether the decision to acquire the target is public. These factors were varied in a simulated corporate acquisition where participants began an acquisition and then were given negative information about the target. They were later given the choice of continuing with the acquisition or withdrawing and investing elsewhere. As predicted, personal responsibility for the decision to acquire the target, competition for the target, and a public decision context all increased participants' commitment to acquiring the target, despite the negative information. Participant work and acquisition experience did not affect these results. Field studies of acquisitions suggest that commitment to acquiring a specific target occurs during the acquisition process. Since the acquisition process is a potentially important determinant of acquisition outcomes, commitment to targets has negative implications for these outcomes. This study adds a systematic empirical investigation of the determinants of commitment in acquisition situations. Studies in nonacquisition settings have demonstrated that personal responsibility affects commitment. However, the presence of competition has not previously been studied, and a public decision context has only been studied in a limited way. These are important factors in generating commitment to acquisitions. These results suggest that managers should recognize that overcommitment can and does occur during acquisitions. Further, the factors that cause overcommitment to targets have implications for managers who wish to avoid this commitment. Activities that should help avoid overcommitment problems include assigning target choice and due diligence activities to different individuals, and limiting news of impending acquisitions.
Multiple trial processing of multivariate phase synchronization in brain signals

The quantification of phase synchrony is important for the study of large-scale interactions in the brain. Current methods for computing phase synchrony are limited to the estimation of the stability of the phase difference between pairs of signals over a time window, within successive frequency bands. These approaches cannot quantify the synchrony across a group of electrodes and over time-varying frequency regions from multiple trials. In this paper, we address this issue by quantifying the frequency locking between groups of electrodes using a time-frequency based estimation of the instantaneous frequency. The instantaneous frequency maps of individual electrodes are combined to obtain the instantaneous frequency histogram as an estimate of the amount of frequency locking across electrodes. This analysis is then extended to the estimation of frequency locking across multiple electrodes and trials. Results are shown for both synthetic signal models and electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from control and schizophrenic subjects.
Temporary Housing Planning and Early Implementation in the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Abstract This paper focuses on decision making and planning, primarily by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), for the provision of temporary housing following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document collection during four field trips to southeastern Haiti and Port-au-Prince between late January and the end of May 2010. Three sets of issues hindered decision making associated with rehousing: assessment, logistics, and governance and coordination—problems that are all too familiar in large-scale disaster settings around the world. Our findings highlight the challenges of decision making and planning during the immediate period following disasters and raise questions about the extent to which guidance on disaster-loss reduction measures is reaching societies and communities that need it most, about why approaches that have been shown to be counterproductive in other disasters continue to persist, and about the applicability of current recovery paradigms,...
Mantle reservoir geochemistry from statistical analysis of ICP-MS trace element data of equatorial mid-Atlantic MORB glasses

Abstract We report Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) trace element concentration data for 21 elements in 51 basaltic glasses recovered from 58 stations along a 1500-km segment of the equatorial mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR; 5°N to 5°S). Isotope systematics of these glasses revealed mixing between two isotopically distinct (Schilling, J.-G., Hanan, B.B., McCully, B., Kingsley, R.H., 1994. Influence of the Sierra Leone mantle plume on the equatorial MAR: a Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic study. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12005–12028.) HIMU and DM mantle sources. Trace element data presented here describe three distinct mantle reservoirs. Based on our new trace element data, we identified three, and possibly four, end-member mantle reservoirs beneath the equatorial MAR. HIMU-type signatures dominate the glasses from the northern equatorial MAR (5°N to 0°) with La/Ba, La/Th and rare earth element (REE) values similar to P-type mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB; 0.1, 9.11, (La/Yb)N=5.5, respectively). The basaltic glasses from the southern region (0° to 5°S) are mildly radiogenic in Pb and light REE depleted with N-type MORB trace element values for La/Ba, La/Th and REE (0.8, 40.0, (La/Yb)N To reach the full potential of this data set, we model mantle reservoir compositions using a modification of Q-MODE factor analysis. Multivariate classification and reduction of these data clearly distinguish trace element groups each reflective of mantle source heterogeneities present in this region of the MAR. Statistical analysis of these new trace element and available Nd–Sr–Pb isotope data for the same samples defines four statistically significant distinct end-member mantle components. The binary mixing model developed previously from geochemical data that invoked the mixing of two mantle reservoirs, HIMU and N-MORB, cannot adequately explain the variance in these trace element data. Incompatible element concentrations and ratios best describe the modeled end-members reservoirs, which are HIMU (HPM), transitional N-MORB (TNM), depleted N-MORB (DNM) and an fourth incompatible element-enriched component (EPM). The statistically determined end-members explain 100% of the geochemical variance in the population but their modeled compositions may be related to process controlled variation. We clarify the relationship between statistical and geochemical reservoirs and conclude that a multiple mantle component model involving three of the identified reservoirs is clearly necessary to describe, specifically, the trace element characteristics of the equatorial mid-Atlantic MORBs. Our statistical methods yield tabulated trace element concentration data for each of these the modeled mantle components and provide insights into the MAR system, unavailable by any other technique, by allowing an estimation of the relative contributions of these end-member components in each of the 51 basaltic glass samples.
Impact of Manganese incorporation on the structural and magnetic properties of MOCVD- grown Ga1-xMnxN

This paper reports the impact of the Mn incorporation on the structural and magnetic properties of Ga1-xMnxN on the metal-organic vapor phase deposition (MOCVD). Crystalline quality and phase purity were determined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and indicated that no macroscopic second phases are formed during growth. Atomic force microscopy revealed a 2dimensional MOCVD step-flow growth pattern in the Mn-incorporated samples. Various annealing steps were applied to some of the samples to reduce compensating defects and to investigate the effects of post processing on the growth. SQUID measurements showed an apparent ferromagnetic hysteresis behavior. However, none of the requirements for room temperature ferromagnetism in the prevailing mean field DMS theories were found. Therefore, different origins of the ferromagnetic signal are discussed.
Bias, complexity, and uncertainty in ecosystem risk assessment: pharmaceuticals, a new challenge in scale and perspective

Because thousands of pharmaceutical and industrial compounds are in use today and distributed into ecosystems via waste water, effective analysis of environmental risk needs to change as our understanding of the complexity of ecosystem services grows. Klaminder et al (2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 084003) now provide some important observations on a methodological bias in standardized ecotoxicological tests. First, the authors show that the formalized use of control species in risk assessment impacts how data is judged and valued. Reducing quantitative uncertainty may improve the rigor of toxicological assays, but may also increase the risk of missing likely ecosystem-scale impacts, essentially 'throwing the baby out with the bathwater'. Second, we should recognize the importance of integrating nature, complexity, and dynamics across temporal and spatial scales in relation to the unintended consequences of pharmaceuticals and their partial degradation products in the environment. Since ecosystems and our broader life support system are composed of various stability states with dynamic cycles, feedback can destabilize a system as we know it.Complex systems have emergent properties with high degrees of uncertainty and ecosystem risk assessments must report not only toxicological risks but also 'benefits'. In addition, risk assessment must expand its scale from the molecular and cellular to that of the ecosystem with real world conditions. The authors' findings that exposure to Oxazepam led to increased survival and aggressiveness should inform changes in standardized testing methodology as well as improvements in regulatory policy.
Efficient inverted lists and query algorithms for structured value ranking in update-intensive relational databases

We propose a new ranking paradigm for relational databases called Structured Value Ranking (SVR). SVR uses structured data values to score (rank) the results of keyword search queries over text columns. Our main contribution is a new family of inverted list indices and associated query algorithms that can support SVR efficiently in update-intensive databases, where the structured data values (and hence the scores of documents) change frequently. Our experimental results on real and synthetic data sets using BerkeleyDB show that we can support SVR efficiently in relational databases.