cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Airborne Pseudo–Dual Doppler Analysis of a Dryline–Outflow Boundary Intersection

Abstract On 3 June 1995, as part of the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX), the Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) onboard the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra aircraft made possible a high-resolution examination of clear-air motions in the Texas panhandle in and around the intersection of the dryline and a surface baroclinic boundary, a location commonly referred to as the “triple point.” The ELDORA observations, as well as conclusions drawn from analyses of these data, are presented and discussed. A transverse secondary circulation associated with the dryline is visualized through analyses of the ELDORA data. Typical values of rising and sinking air are found to be 2 m s−1 and 2–3 m s−1, respectively. These vertical velocities are approximately the same as those indicated by in situ data collected onboard the Electra. Because the maximum in rising motion is found at the western edge of the dewpoint gradient and because the low-level relative airfl...
Insurance Against Misinformation in the Securities Market

Prepared at the request of the Task Force to Modernize Securities Legislation in Canada, this study describes and evaluates evaluate a new capital markets insurance concept: securities misinformation insurance. This new insurance would compensate investors for losses caused by securities law violations. The most powerful objection to this new concept is that investors do not need a new insurance program for securities misinformation losses. Individual and institutional investors already can spread securities misinformation losses by holding a diversified portfolio. Nevertheless, a securities misinformation insurance program has the potential to provide systemic benefits: improved compliance with securities laws (resulting from cost internalization by issuers and governance efforts by the securities misinformation insurance program) and enhanced investor confidence (resulting from the signaling effect of what amounts to a warranty of compliance with disclosure requirements). Whether a new insurance program would in fact produce these benefits would depend in significant part on the design of the program. An excess insurance approach would be cheaper and less intrusive, but it would be unlikely to enhance securities law compliance. A primary insurance approach would be more likely to enhance securities law compliance and, possibly, investor confidence, but it would be more expensive and intrusive. Under the latter, primary insurance approach, the securities misinformation insurance program could become a strong securities market regulator. The "regulation" would come in the form of underwriting requirements and other requirements imposed through litigation against the responsible parties. This study addresses these and other important insurance design questions by outlining three different securities misinformation insurance scenarios. The first scenario presents a government sponsored, primary insurance program. The second scenario presents an industry sponsored excess insurance program. The third scenario presents a private market excess insurance approach.
The thematic maps of Charles Joseph Minard

(1967). The thematic maps of Charles Joseph Minard. Imago Mundi: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 95-108.
Experiments in Filtration of Antihog-Cholera Serum

The Chamberland F. candles had been employed in former filtrations and were burned free of organic matter before being used in these experiments. New Berkefeld V candles were used in each instance. In conducting the filtrations no accurate data were recorded of the temperature, duration, or pressure exercised in the process of filtration. No dilutions were made of the material used for filtration.
Long-Term Thermal Stability of Alloy 825 as a High-Level Nuclear Waste Container Material

The thermal exposure of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo materials to certain temperature regimes often results in the formation of grain boundary carbides and the associated depletion of alloying elements. This phenomenon, termed sensitization, is frequently the result of welding processes or in service exposure to elevated temperatures. In this investigation, alloy 825, a candidate high-level nuclear waste (HLW) container material, was thermally exposed to temperatures in the range of 550 to 800 °C for periods of up to 1,000 hr. Sensitization of the material was evaluated by corrosion tests and grain boundary analyses using an analytical electron microscope. The sensitized microstructure was found to contain M23C6-type carbides as well as a Cr-depleted region in the vicinity of the grain boundaries. The degree of sensitization was correlated to the extent of Cr depletion in the grain boundary region.
Analyzing Cell–Cell Interactions in 3-Dimensional Adhesion Assays

The organization of cells is key to the proper formation and function of tissues and it appears to be dependent upon various intracellular and extracellular signals. These signals come from cell-cell interactions, as well as interactions with the surrounding extracellular milieu. In order to investigate these properties and interactions among cells, our lab utilizes and has developed several techniques that provide a 3-dimensional, in vivo-like environment for in vitro cell culture. In this chapter, we describe several techniques for isolating primary cardiac cells, including myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In addition, we discuss and outline an adhesion assay and an aggregation assay that can be used for numerous cell types, as well as a collagen gel assay for examination of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
Hotel Advertising: Consumer Evaluations Through Price Cues

In services advertising, two commonly used appeals to persuade consumers are rational and emotional appeals. Which appeal to use depends on a variety of factors such as product related factors, audience related factors (Johar and Sirgy 1991), and cultural factors (Albers-Miller and Stafford 1999). Past research shows mixed results for the use of different appeals in services advertising. For example, Stafford and Day (1995) found that rational appeals produce more positive attitudes towards the advertisement compared to emotional appeals, whereas others have found that emotional appeals result in more positive reactions, especially in terms of attitudes and service quality expectations (Goldberg and Gorn 1987; Mattila 1999). As most research on advertising appeals in services have used content analysis and experimental research in this area is limited (Mattila 2000; Stafford 1996), more experimental research is warranted to further understand the effectiveness of specific appeals and cues in services advertising (Stafford 2005). Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the interaction effect of price level and different advertising appeals on consumers' perception of value, attitude towards the service offering, and purchase intention.
A Foundation For Understanding Knowledge Sharing: Organizational Culture, Informal Workplace Learning, Performance Support, And Knowledge Management

This paper serves as an exploration into some of the ways in which organizations can promote, capture, share, and manage the valuable knowledge of their employees. The problem is that employees typically do not share valuable information, skills, or expertise with other employees or with the entire organization. The author uses research as well as her graduate studies in the field of Human Resource Development (HRD) and professional career experiences as an instructor and training and development consultant to make a correlation between the informal workplace learning experiences that exist in the workplace and the need to promote, capture, and support them so they can be shared throughout the organization. This process, referred to as knowledge sharing, is the exchange of information, skills, or expertise among employees of an organization that forms a valuable intangible asset and is dependent upon an organization culture that includes knowledge sharing, especially the sharing of the knowledge and skills that are acquired through informal workplace learning; performance support to promote informal workplace learning; and knowledge management to transform valuable informal workplace learning into knowledge that is promoted, captured, and shared throughout the organization.
Factors Influencing Purchase Intention toward Luxury Fashion Brands

Little research on luxury goods consumption has been conducted in social contexts with individualistic Western young adult consumers. Thus, this study aims to investigate relationships between influential factors and purchase intentions toward luxury fashion brands and to determine whether or not competitiveness as an individual trait moderates these relationships.
Cannabis and symptoms of PMS and PMDD

AbstractCannabis has been found to alleviate a wide array of medical symptoms, including those that overlap with physical and emotional symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), including insomnia, irritability, depression, and joint pain. Little work has addressed the use of cannabis as a treatment for PMS or PMDD or the role of women’s cannabis treatment expectancies as a predictor of consumption. Women who reported having experienced PMS and PMDD and endorsed lifetime cannabis use (N = 145), completed an online survey assessing their frequency of cannabis use, PMS/PMDD symptoms, expectancies of cannabis-induced relief from symptoms, as well as cannabis-related problems. Women were found to hold meaningful expectancies that cannabis would treat all PMS/PMDD symptoms, except for overeating/food cravings. Cannabis treatment expectancies were positively associated with PMS/PMDD symptoms and with monthly cannabis use, and were negatively associated with cannabis-rel...
Generation of Gastrointestinal Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Over the past two decades, the stem cell field has developed methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into specific tissue types. These studies have been largely driven by developmental biologists who have identified pathways and tissue-specific markers that can be used to direct the differentiation of hPSCs. Furthermore, the identification of Lgr5+ adult stem cells in the mouse small intestine led to the development of protocols to grow these stem cells into self-organizing, self-renewing, multicellular “organoids.” PSC-derived and adult organoids derived from human samples now allow researchers to study cell lineage processes and model complex cell-cell interactions. Both PSC-derived gastrointestinal organoids and those generated from freshly excised tissue have many properties of gastrointestinal physiology. However, PSC-derived gastrointestinal organoids are generated through a stepwise differentiation that largely mimics gastrointestinal development and is therefore a good system to study congenital defects of the human GI tract. Moreover, PSC-derived organoids are complex and contain mesodermal cell types comprising smooth muscle and subepithelial myofibroblasts. Lastly, developmentally inspired approaches have been used to tissue engineer human PSC-derived organoids with a functional enteric nervous system. In this chapter we describe the development of both the intestine and stomach. We then describe how pathways identified by developmental studies can be used to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) and human gastric organoids (HGOs). In addition, we discuss potential applications of these systems for studying human gastrointestinal development and disease and in engineering GI tissues for eventual transplantation-based therapies.
Relationship between surface μ‐roughness and interface slurry particle spatial distribution during glass polishing

During optical glass polishing, a number of interactions between the workpiece (i.e., glass), polishing slurry, and pad can influence the resulting workpiece roughness at different spatial scale lengths. In our previous studies, the particle size distribution of the slurry, the pad topography, and the amount of material removed by a single particle on the workpiece were shown to strongly correlate with roughness at AFM scale lengths (nm-μm) and weakly at μ-roughness scale lengths (μm-mm). In this study, the polishing slurry pH and the generation of glass removal products are shown to influence the slurry particle spatial and height distribution at the polishing interface and the resulting μ-roughness of the glass workpiece. A series of fused silica and phosphate glass samples were polished with various ceria and colloidal silica slurries over a range of slurry pH, and the resulting AFM roughness and μ-roughness were measured. The AFM roughness was largely invariant with pH, suggesting that the removal function of a single particle is unchanged with pH. However, the μ-roughness changed significantly, increasing linearly with pH for phosphate glass and having a maximum at an intermediate pH for fused silica. In addition, the spatial and height distribution of slurry particles on the pad (as measured by laser confocal microscopy) was determined to be distinctly different at low and high pH during phosphate glass polishing. Also, the zeta potential as a function of pH was measured for the workpiece, slurry, and pad with and without surrogate glass products (K3PO4 for phosphate glass and Si(OH)4 for silica) to assess the role of interfacial charge during polishing. The addition of K3PO4 significantly raised the zeta potential, whereas addition of Si(OH)4 had little effect on the zeta potential. An electrostatic DLVO three-body force model, using the measured zeta potentials, was used to calculate the particle–particle, particle–workpiece, and particle–pad attractive and repulsive forces as a function of pH and the incorporation of glass products at the interface. The model predicted an increase in particle–pad attraction with an increase in pH and phosphate glass products consistent with the measured slurry distribution on the pads during phosphate glass polishing. Finally, a slurry “island” distribution gap (IDG) model has been formulated which utilizes the measured interface slurry distributions and a load balance to determine the interface gap, the contact area fraction, and the load on each slurry “island”. The IDG model was then used to simulate the workpiece surface topography and μ-roughness; the results show an increase in roughness with pH similar to that observed experimentally.
Estimating impacts of emission specific characteristics on vehicle operation for quantifying air pollutant emissions and energy use

Abstract This paper proposes and illustrates a methodology to predict the fraction of time motor vehicles spend in different operating conditions from readily observable variables called emission specific characteristics (ESC). ESC describe salient characteristics of vehicles, roadway geometry, the roadside environment, traffic, and driving style (aggressive, normal, and calm). The information generated by our methodology can then be entered in vehicular emission models that rely on vehicle specific power, i.e., comprehensive modal emissions model (CMEM), international vehicle emissions (IVE), or motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) to compute energy consumption and vehicular emissions for various air pollutants. After generating second-by-second vehicle trajectories from a calibrated micro-simulation model, the authors estimated structural equation models to examine the influence of link ESC on vehicle operation. Authors' results show that 67% of the link speed variance is explained by ESC. Overall, the roadway geometry exerts a greater influence on link speed than traffic characteristics, the roadside environment, and driving style. Moreover, the speed limit has the strongest influence on vehicle operation, followed by facility type and driving style. Better understanding the impact on vehicle operation of ESC could help metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and regional transportation authorities predict vehicle operations and reduce the environmental footprint of motor vehicles.
Exchange Transfusion In Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease With Refractory Vaso-Occlusive Crises

Sickle cell disease occurs in 1/500 African-American births. Pain is one of the most common complications of sickle cell disease and is associated with depression, anxiety, decreased quality of life and poor sleep patterns. Vaso-occlusive crises resulting in three or more hospitalizations per year occur in 48% of patients with sickle cell disease (Annals of Emergency Medicine - May 2009 (Vol. 53, Issue 5, Pages 587-593). Hydroxyurea has been shown to ameliorate the frequency of painful vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia (Charache et al, Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia NEJM. 1995), unfortunately many eligible patients are not treated due to psychosocial reasons and fear of teratogenicity or malignancy or have painful crisis refractory to hydroxyurea. A panel of experts has suggested that RBC exchange transfusion in these patients may decrease ED visits and subsequent hospitalizations based on anecdotal evidence [Best practices for transfusion for pateitns with sickle cell disease. T Wun, K Hagel. Hematology Review 2009, July 1; 1(22); e22]. We present the case of a 31 year old African-American male with Hgb S/beta thalassemia + with complications of sickle cell disease including Parvovirus B19 induced aplastic anemia, iron overload secondary to multiple simple transfusions, multiple vaso-occlusive crises as well as a left lower extremity ulcer precipitated by treatment with hydroxyurea. He was treated with folic acid as well as deferasirox for iron chelation. He began PRBC exchange transfusions every 6 weeks in March of 2011. In the one year prior to exchange transfusion initiation he had 13 ED visits and 4 hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises. After initiation of exchange transfusions he had 11 ED visits and 2 hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises the following year. An elevated WBC is associated with poor outcomes in sickle cell disease (Miller et al Predictors of adverse outcomes in children with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2000). His average WBC level was 13 x 109/L, which decreased to 11 x 109/L after initiation of exchange transfusion. The patient underwent extended typing for E,C, and Kell RBC antigens to minimize development of antibodies. Though monthly exchange transfusions are costly and carry the attendant risk of antibody formation, this may be offset by reducing the financial and psychological burden of frequent hospitalizations for management of refractory vaso-occlusive crises. Exchange transfusion may also ameliorate the cost associated with long-term iron chelation. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether a program of monthly exchange transfusions can curtail ED visits and hospitalizations in adult patients with sickle cell disease and multiple, refractory vaso-occlusive crises. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cryofibrinogen in a case of lung neoplasm associated with thrombophlebitis migrans.

Abstract AN ABNORMAL PROTEIN which precipitated when cooled and returned to solution at room temperature was found in the plasma of a man who had migrating thrombophlebitis and pulmonary neoplasia. Thrombophlebitis migrans had been present for 11 months before the diagnosis of lung neoplasm was established. The phenomenon of a cryoprotein has not been previously described in connection with thrombophlebitis migrans and neoplasm. For this reason, it is believed the following case report and experiments with some details of the cryoprotein are of interest.
Subtractive dithering technique for delta-sigma modulator

This paper presents a novel subtractive dithering technique used in delta-sigma modulators which improves the spectral integrity of the modulators while minimizing the tradeoffs due to the use of dither. Dithering is commonly used in delta-sigma modulators to eliminate idle tones. The proposed technique adds dither at input of the quantizer and subtracts the dither in the analog domain at input of the modulator and in the digital domain at the output of modulator. The simulation results prove that when compared to the conventional dithering technique, this new subtractive dithering technique achieves the idle tone-free result but does not have the traditional drawbacks such as increased integrator output swing and in-band noise floor degradation.
Lehrerprofessionalität in der politischen Bildung

Nachdem in Kapitel 3 und 4 auf Lehrerkompetenzmodelle und die Entwicklung von Lehrerkompetenzen eingegangen wurde, sollen nun die facherbezogenen Modelle dargestellt werden, die bei der Konzeption speziell das Fach Politik im Blick haben. Dabei beziehen sich in der Forschungslandschaft der Politikdidaktik viele Uberlegungen auf die Kompetenzen, die Schuler/-innen im Politikunterricht erlangen sollen (z. B. May, 2007; Backhaus, Moegling & Rosenkranz, 2008; Petrik, 2010; Gesellschaft fur Politikdidaktik und politische Jungend- und Erwachsenenbildung (GPJE), 2004; Weiseno & Landwehr, 2015; Oberle & Forstmann, 2015) oder die Kompetenzen von politischen Bildnern in der Erwachsenenbildung (vgl. Zeuner, 2013; Faulstich & Zeuner, 2008).
Revisiting Japan’s Postwar Homicide Trend: 1951–2014

Japanese homicide rates steadily decreased throughout the postwar period, eventually making Japan’s rates among the very lowest in the world. In my 2004 Criminology paper with Gary LaFree, “Explaining Japan’s Postwar Violent Crime Trend,” we explored how structural-level variables were related to Japanese postwar violent crime trends, using data from 1951 to 2000. The current paper is a replication and extension of the 2004 paper’s national time-series analysis, focusing on homicide rates and including data through 2014. The new analysis found statistically significant and positive associations with homicide for poverty, income inequality, and young male population. Urbanization and female labor force participation were also significantly associated with homicide but in the unexpected negative direction. Results provide further support for the importance of absolute and relative economic stress and population composition as factors in Japan’s homicide trend.
Myoblast mitochondrial respiration is decreased in chronic binge alcohol administered simian immunodeficiency virus‐infected antiretroviral‐treated rhesus macaques

Abstract Work from our group demonstrated that chronic binge alcohol (CBA)‐induces mitochondrial gene dysregulation at end‐stage disease of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive rhesus macaques. Alterations in gene expression can disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and in turn contribute to the risk of metabolic comorbidities characterized by loss of skeletal muscle (SKM) functional mass that are associated with CBA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and prolonged ART. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of CBA and ART on SKM fiber oxidative capacity and myoblast mitochondrial respiration in asymptomatic SIV‐infected macaques. SKM biopsies were obtained and myoblasts isolated at baseline and 11 months post‐SIV infection from CBA/SIV/ART+ and from sucrose (SUC)‐treated SIV‐infected (SUC/SIV/ART+) macaques. CBA and ART decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in type 1 and type 2b fibers as determined by immunohistochemistry. Myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques showed decreased maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to myoblasts from control macaques. Maximal OCR was significantly increased in control myoblasts following incubation with formoterol, a beta adrenergic agonist, and this was associated with increased PGC‐1α expression and mtDNA quantity. Additionally, formoterol treatment of myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques partially restored maximal OCR to levels not significantly different from control. These results show that CBA in combination with ART impairs myoblast mitochondrial homeostasis in SIV‐infected macaques. Moreover, our findings suggest that adrenergic agonists can potentially ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies will elucidate whether physical exercise in HIV patients with alcohol use disorder can improve mitochondrial health.
Food relations between coexisting native Hawaiian stream fishes

In this study, an ecomorphological perspective is used to examine the role of feeding morphology in shaping patterns of food resource use and coexistence for Awaous guamensis and Sicyopterus stimpsoni, two native gobies (Gobiidae) which inhabit mountainous streams of the high Hawaiian Islands. Using data from underwater census, gut content analysis, and benthic sampling, I determined that A. guamensis, the generalist, had nearly unchallenged use of invertebrate foods. Overlap in fitness for algal use, however, resulted in a partitioning of benthic algae, with A. guamensis having domain over most green algae (43.0% of diet), whereas S. stimpsoni the algal specialist, fed predominantly on blue-green algae (22.6% of diet) and diatoms (54.2% of diet). Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyta) and pennate diatoms (Chrysophyta) were determined to be the ‘primary algal foods’ of A. guamensis and S. stimpsoni, respectively, and were utilized in a mutually exclusive manner with other ‘secondary algal foods’ depending upon availability. Heterogeneity, found in the abundance and composition of algal and invertebrate foods in the benthic landscape both spatially and seasonally, may be regulated by stream flow and periodic disturbance. This changing mosaic of foods is suggested as having provided opportunities for minimizing competitive conflicts and enhancing the potential for stream species to coexist. Competition for preferred foods, created by inter-specific overlap in ecomorphology and spurred by constraints placed on food diversity by the extreme geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, is hypothesized as having played an evolutionary role in shaping resource use patterns which facilitate coexistence.
Ultralow Acoustic Loss Micromachined Butterfly Lamb Wave Resonators on AlN Plates

This study reports the design of a novel Butterfly Lamb wave resonator (LWR) employing the $S_{0}$ mode in the AlN plate, and for the first time, its ultrahigh parallel-resonance quality factor ( $Q_{p}$ ) of 4,021 is demonstrated, indicating an ultralow acoustic loss. Although the series resonance quality factor ( $Q_{s}$ ) is widely used for various loss comparisons, it is inconclusive since $Q_{s}$ is always dominated by the routing resistance ( $R_{s}$ ), which is normally huge without the thick metal rewiring. Instead, $Q_{p}$ is a precise representation of the acoustic loss level for its independence of $R_{s}$ and as it is closer to $Q_{\max }$ of the Bode $Q$ -curve in the IDT-excited devices. A butterfly-shaped resonance cavity, theoretically predicted to reduce the anchor loss and suppress the transverse spurious mode, has been applied to the AlN LWR and experimentally shown to boost the $Q_{p}$ by 2.3 times. In addition, a directly measured Bode- $Q$ curve for the LWR is reported for the first time, showing superior $Q$ profile for the Butterfly-LWR than the conventional-LWR and good agreement with the 3 dB- $Q_{p}$ ’s.
Mini-Open Access for Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Indications, Technique, and Outcomes.

Background Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a relatively new procedure. It was established as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional open interbody fusion. LLIF allows the surgeon to access the disc space via a retroperitoneal transpsoas muscle approach. Theoretical advantages of the LLIF technique include preservation of the longitudinal ligaments, augmentation of disc height with indirect decompression of neural elements, and insertion of large footprint cages spanning the dense apophyseal ring bilaterally1,2. The original 2-incision LLIF technique described by Ozgur et al., in 2006, had some inherent limitations3. First, it substantially limited direct visualization of the surgical field and may have endangered nerve and vascular structures. Additionally, it often required multiple separated incisions for multilevel pathologies. Finally, for surgeons with experience in traditional open retroperitoneal surgery, utilization of their previously acquired skills may have been difficult with this approach. To overcome these limitations, we adopted the mini-open lateral approach, which allows for visualization, palpation, and electrophysiologic neurologic confirmation during the procedure4. Description As detailed below, the patient is positioned in the lateral decubitus position and a single incision is carried out centered between the target discs. For single-level LLIF, the incision spans approximately 3 cm and can be lengthened in small increments for multilevel procedures. After blunt dissection, the retroperitoneal space is entered. The psoas muscle is split under direct visualization, carefully avoiding the traversing nerves with neurosurveillance5. A self-retaining retractor is used, and after thorough discectomy, the disc space is sized with trial components. The implant is filled with bone graft materials and is introduced using intraoperative fluoroscopy. Alternatives The 2-incision LLIF technique or traditional anterior or posterior lumbar spine interbody fusion techniques might be used instead. Rationale LLIF offers the reported advantages of minimally invasive surgery, such as reduced tissue trauma during the approach, low blood loss, shorter length of stay, decreased recovery time, and less postoperative pain. LLIF allows for the placement of a relatively larger interbody cage spanning the dense apophyseal ring bilaterally. The lateral approach preserves the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament. These structures allow for powerful ligamentotaxis and provide extra stability for the construct. Compared with other approaches, LLIF has a reduced risk of visceral and vascular injuries, incidental dural tears, and perioperative infections. Although associated with approach-related complications such as motor and sensory deficits, LLIF can be a safe and versatile procedure1,2.
Zero-Dimensional Graphene and Its Behavior under Mechanochemical Activation with Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

Equimolar mixtures of zero-dimensional graphene (SkySpring Nanomaterials, 1-5 nm particle size) and zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Alfa Aesar, 50 nm particle size) were exposed to mechanochemical activation by high-energy ball milling for time intervals of 0-12 hours. Their structural and magnetic properties were analyzed by Mӧssbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The spectra of zinc ferrite milled without graphene were fitted with one quadrupole-split doublet (quadrupole splitting 0.5 mm/s, isomer shift 0.23 mm/s) and indicated that zinc ferrite was superparamagnetic. The line width of the doublet increased from 0.41 to 0.64 mm/s, which correlates with a reduction in particle size as effect of the ball milling processing performed. When graphene was added to the milling powders, the Mӧssbauer spectra showed the appearance of another quadrupole doublet, with a quadrupole splitting of 0.84 mm/s and an isomer shift of -0.38 mm/s. Its abundance to the spectrum remained constant to 4.48% while the milling time was increased. This second doublet could be related to carbon atoms occupying neighborhoods in the proximity of iron atoms. Hysteresis loops were recorded in an applied magnetic field of 5 T at a temperature of 5 K. A change in the approach to saturation of the loop was observed, with saturation being achieved for the sample milled for 12 hours with graphene. Zero-field-cooling-field-cooling (ZFC-FC) was performed on all samples between 5-300 K with an applied magnetic field of 200 Oe. Graphene was found to stabilize the magnetic properties of the milled system of powders to a blocking temperature of about 90 K.
A comparison of saline and gadolinium shoulder MR arthrography to arthroscopy.

Compare the diagnostic performance of saline and gadolinium shoulder magnetic resonance arthrograms (MRA) in the detection of labral and rotator cuff injury compared to arthroscopy. Consecutive patients who underwent a gadolinium or saline MRA followed by arthroscopy were retrospectively reviewed. The reports were reviewed for injuries. A chi square or Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare the MRA and surgery. Kappa values were calculated to correlate diagnosis of tear between MRA and arthroscopy. There were a total of 58 patients included, including 34 gadolinium arthrograms and 24 saline arthrograms. The accuracy of saline MRA was similar compared to gadolinium MRA in the diagnosis of tears of the supraspinatus (accuracy 0.88 vs 0.74, respectively) and infraspinatus (accuracy 0.88 vs 0.65, respectively) tendons and tears of the anterior/anterior inferior, posterior, and superior labrum, (accuracy 0.79 vs 0.76, 0.71 vs 0.62, and 0.58 vs 0.56), and saline vs gadolinium, respectively. Although there was a trend toward overall better saline MRA performance, a statistically significant difference in the accuracy to detect tears was only noted for the infraspinatus tendon. Interobserver agreement for rotator cuff tears was higher for saline than gadolinium MRA. Saline MRA was accurate, with no significant differences compared gadolinium arthrograms in the diagnosis of labral and rotator cuff pathology. Given expense, and the potential additional information provided by fluid sensitive sequences over T1 fat-suppressed sequences, consideration should be given to using saline for shoulder MRAs. Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Lo inadmisible y retazos fantásticos en la narrativa vallejiana

Usando la categoria de lo inadmisible, en este trabajo se pasa revista a distintos rasgos que consiguen crear, en cuentos como “Mas alla” y “Mirto” y en la noveleta Fabla salvaje de Cesar Vallejo, el grado de ambiguedad necesario para que surja lo fantastico. Como en todo texto fantastico, en estas piezas narrativas, la violacion de las fronteras de lo real y lo quimerico abre la puerta a espacios de lo sobrenatural y lo misterioso y trastorna para siempre la vida de los personajes. Lo inadmisible y lo desconocido irrumpen en la cotidianidad de estos ocasionando caos y destruccion.
Abstract TP381: Impact of a Staff Led Neuroscience Nursing Committee on Quality of Care, Staff Education, Staff Morale and Empowerment, and Health Outcomes in the Neuro-Intensive Care Unit

Background: An ICU Neuroscience Nursing Committee was formed to function as a unit-based council, empowering nurses to impact unit decision-making and problem-solving. The committee members serve a...
The externalized costs of uranium mining in the United States

Uranium mining in the US spanned a period from the end of World War II into the 1980 s. The legacy of this mining was illness and death for thousands of workers along with thousands of abandoned mines. Compensation programs for former workers and their heirs as well as remediation efforts for the contaminated sites appear to have cost well over $5 billion US dollars, which may exceed the value of the uranium ore extracted. Most of the cost has been born by the taxpayers to date, although a recent settlement will require one of the private companies to pay about $1 billion US dollars for uranium site remediation. The history suggests that there are likely to also be externalized costs from present-day uranium mining, especially in developing countries where regulation is less stringent.
The construction and analysis of dream metaphors from the standpoint of Co-Creative Dream Theory

Co-creative dream theory posits that the dream is co-determined through the reciprocal interplay between the witnessing dream ego and the emergent content. Consequently, the resulting dream can be seen as one of many contingent outcomes based on the dreamer’s range of response through the course of the dream, as well as the broad constraints of underlying domains that account for the nature and thrust of the emergent content. From this relational view of the dream, the visual imagery is not the content itself, but rather the “mutable interface” (Sparrow, 2013) between the dream ego and the emergent content. The purpose of this paper is to consider how the Co-creative Paradigm (CCP) builds on contributions by Jung (2014), Ullman (1969), Lakoff (1993), Lakoff & Johnson (1980), and Rossi (1972), in particular, to construct a view of metaphor formation in dreams. By viewing dream content as representing broad domains of human experience rendered as specific metaphoric imagery during the dream encounter itself, this approach can discern where the dream ego stands in relationship to the developmental tasks associated with these emergent domains. Finally, I will introduce a generic approach to co-creative dreamwork that includes several operations that may facilitate effective dreamwork practice. The hypothesis presented in this paper is that this novel view of metaphoric imagery construction, based on the Co-Creative Paradigm, opens up new questions, and fosters insights heretofore unavailable from the standpoint of traditional content-oriented dream analysis.
Efficacy of enhanced emergency department discharge for chronic hypertension management - Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Introduction AchieveBP is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an education intervention for patients with chronic hypertension who have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) at discharge from an urban emergency department (ED). The study examined efficacy and moderators of an educational intervention in an RCT on BP control at 180-day post-intervention. Methods Participants were recruited from a single, urban ED and randomized to receive or not to receive hypertension education. To minimize potential bias, participants were all started on an evidence-based anti-hypertensive regimen and medications were dispensed directly to participants by the study team. Bivariate analysis was performed to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics between patients achieving BP control and those who did not. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference of systolic and diastolic BP between baseline and 180 days post-discharge. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined interaction of covariates and intervention on achieving BP control. Results One hundred and thirty-nine participants were randomized into the study. All were African-American with a mean age of 47.6 (SD = 10.8) years; 51% were male, 63% had smoked cigarettes and 15% had diabetes. A total of 66 patients completed the study (47.4%), 44 of whom (67%) achieved BP control. However, there was no difference in BP reduction or control between the two groups. Age and smoking status showed moderation effects on intervention efficacy. Conclusion Despite a neutral effect of our intervention, a high level of BP control was achieved overall, suggesting that the ED may be a viable location for efforts aimed at reducing the impact of chronic hypertension in predominantly African American communities.
Anomalous reaction-diffusion equations for linear reactions.

Deriving evolution equations accounting for both anomalous diffusion and reactions is notoriously difficult, even in the simplest cases. In contrast to normal diffusion, reaction kinetics cannot be incorporated into evolution equations modeling subdiffusion by merely adding reaction terms to the equations describing spatial movement. A series of previous works derived fractional reaction-diffusion equations for the spatiotemporal evolution of particles undergoing subdiffusion in one space dimension with linear reactions between a finite number of discrete states. In this paper, we first give a short and elementary proof of these previous results. We then show how this argument gives the evolution equations for more general cases, including subdiffusion following any fractional Fokker-Planck equation in an arbitrary $d$-dimensional spatial domain with time-dependent reactions between infinitely many discrete states. In contrast to previous works which employed a variety of technical mathematical methods, our analysis reveals that the evolution equations follow from (1) the probabilistic independence of the stochastic spatial and discrete processes describing a single particle and (2) the linearity of the integro-differential operators describing spatial movement. We also apply our results to systems combining reactions with superdiffusion.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis-associated ischemic optic neuropathy in a previously healthy 50-year-old female.

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as a presenting sign of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Observations A previously healthy 50-year-old female developed right eye, then left eye, redness and pruritis and was diagnosed with allergic versus viral conjunctivitis. Five days later, she noted an acute decline in vision in the right eye, corresponding with a decrease on Snellen testing from 20/30 to 20/100 with correction. She was noted to have a right relative afferent pupillary defect, 2+ pallid disc edema, and OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Carlsbad, CA) findings of significant retinal nerve fiber thickening. Review of systems revealed a three-month history fatigue, right-sided headaches, jaw claudication, bronchitis, cough without hemoptysis, and epistaxis, as well as interval development of a petechial rash across her body, migratory polyarthralgias, fevers, and tachycardia. ESR and CRP were markedly elevated, and the patient was admitted to the hospital for a systemic vasculitis workup. She was started on IV methylprednisolone. Her vision improved dramatically with steroids, measuring 20/50 with correction in the right eye after 24 hours and returning to baseline after five days. An extensive workup including imaging, bloodwork, and biopsies led to a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with PR3-positive ANCA. Conclusions Ocular findings, including anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, may be the presenting signs for patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Prompt recognition and treatment with high-dose steroids and immunomodulatory therapy is important for visual recovery. Importance Prompt recognition of potential vasculitis-related vision loss can lead to timely initiation of vision-saving treatment.
Shortest Paths in 3-Space, Voronoi Diagrams with Barriers, and Related Complexity and Algebraic Issues

We consider the problem of computing the shortest path under the Euclidean metric between source and goal points in 3-space while avoiding clashes with polyhedral obstacles. This can be thought as the ultimate version of the notorious TRAVELING SALESMAN problem in terms of generality and is known as the FINDPATH problem in artificial intelligence and robotics. We show that this problem is solved using algebraic elimination techniques in a straightforward yet very inefficient manner. We then introduce a Voronoi-based strategy for solving the subproblem of determining the sequence of obstacle edges through which the shortest path passes. This is based upon a natural extension of Franklin’s “Partitioning the plane to calculate minimal paths to any goal around obstructions” [Tech. Rep., ECSE Dept., Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY, Nov. 1982] to 3-space. In 3-space, a very desirable feature of the plane partitions disappears making the space partitions complicated. For this case, we suggest an approximation technique.
Meghan Markle's healthy lifestyle in the media: Multiracial exceptionalism and the cult of slimness

Abstract This paper examines how media representations of Meghan Markle's healthy lifestyle perpetuate concepts of good femininity rooted in racialized norms. Simone de Beauvoir's concept of ‘cultural myths of femininity’ and Patricia Hill Collins's theory of ‘controlling images’ offer a framework for analyzing how mainstream health and lifestyle media promote and normalize white, bourgeois ideals of femininity. A study of 20 articles published in American and British magazines or on their websites reveals how lifestyle and health media extoll Markle as an example of a healthy and prosperous woman, thereby presenting her as what Ralina Joseph calls an ‘exceptional multiracial’. These articles promote a cult of slimness entrenched in a racist opposition between slender white women and fat Black women. ‘Multiracial exceptionalism’ further exacerbates the implicit racism in these texts.
Chicago's "Great Boodle Trial"

In the summer of 1887, three Chicago politicians made national headlines, not for their oratory skills or legislative acumen, but for the brazenness of their “boodling” — the uniquely-Chicago talent of using political office to enrich oneself through bribes and kickbacks. William McGarigle, Edward McDonald, and Michael “Big Mike” McDonald — the boss of Chicago’s Democratic Machine and the city’s first politician gangster — engineered the “most sensational corruption scandal of the late nineteenth century.” As revealed through testimony of the “Great Boodle Trial” of 1887, their fantastic story is one of proudly corrupt politicians, seemingly-righteous reformers, bag men, kidnappers, and suckered citizens, all set against the backdrop of a city emerging as a national power.This chapter, which begins "Then & Now: Stories of Law and Progress," a compilation of essays produced in connection with IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law’s 125th anniversary, examines Chicago’s Boodle Trial and its legacy. On one level, the Boodle Trial offers a rare and entertaining glimpse into the crooked machine politics of early Chicago and the equally underhanded tactics of overzealous reformers. Some saw the trial as a “corrective antidote” to “[a]n epidemic of fraud” that helped galvanize the city’s reform movement, proving that even well-connected Chicago politicians could be brought to justice. At the same time, the trial exposed the lengths — some say necessary; others say illegal — reformers will go in the pursuit of their goals. On another level, the Boodle Trial is a mirror of today’s public corruption and white collar scandals. Current headlines read much as they did 125 years ago, describing colorful Chicago politicians fighting indictment for schemes that would get an approving nod from the boodlers. In the end, the trial reminds us of just how entrenched corruption is in politics — as dramatic as it was at the time, the trial may have been the beginning, not the end, of Chicago’s legacy of corruption.