cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further Study of the Management of Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Situ

Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to study further the management of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) with particular regard to the results of conservative management without hysterectomy and the use of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Methods. Based upon the files of the Pathology Department at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, recently encountered AIS patients were combined with patients from a previous study that ended in 1994. Charts and clinical materials were retrospectively reviewed and abstracted. Results. Fifty-two patients were identified for a combined study group of 98 patients. The mean age was 37 years. Fifty-two percent were identified due to abnormal squamous elements on a Pap smear and 43% due to abnormal glandular cells. In patients treated with hysterectomy, 67% were found to have residual disease following conization with positive margins including 3 patients with invasive cancer. Among all patients, LLETZ was associated with a positive margin rate of 57.1% vs 27.3% with cold knife conization (CKC) (χ 2 , P = 0.008). Among patients treated conservatively with conization, the rates of positive margins were 40.0 and 20.0%, respectively, for LLETZ and CKC (χ 2 , P = 0.11); 9.5% of conservatively managed patients with negative initial conization margins eventually had recurrent AIS. Conclusion. Cold knife conization is the preferred method of management for cervical AIS patients selecting conservative treatment. Despite initial conization margins being uninvolved, such patients have an approximate risk of 10% for recurrent AIS.
Instructions and the magnitude of an illusion: Cognitive factors in the frame of reference

Ss judged the length of a horizontal line having vertical lines at the ends and a vertical line crossing at the middle. As has often been shown, judgments of the horizontal line varied inversely with the length of the vertical segments. One group of Ss were told to use the end lines as frame of reference and ignore the center line, and the estimated weights of end and center line were .22 and .02. The other group were told to ignore the end lines and use the center line as frame of reference. The weights of end and center line for this group were .06 and .22. It was concluded that the Helson AI. equations are valid, but that the weights of parts of the field are partly under voluntary control and are not simply a function of the visual field.
Using field co-citation analysis to assess reciprocal and shared impact of LIS/MIS fields

This study utilizes bibliometric tools in order to analyze the relationship between two separate but related fields-Library and Information Science (LIS) and Management Information Systems (MIS). Using field co-citation analysis, the study evaluates the knowledge imported/exported between the fields and also the body of knowledge that is influenced by both fields.
Liquid Crystal Properties of Methyl Substituted Stilbenes

Abstract A series of mono- and di-substituted trans-stilbenes were prepared and their nematic clearing point temperatures observed. There was found to be a direct relationship between the increase in molecular breadth and the lowering of this nematic clearing point temperature. The effect of twisting the stilbenes out of coplanarity does appear to produce a lowering of the nematic clearing point but, the overriding feature is simply the intermolecular separation.
Gas Reservoir Decline-Curve Analysis Using Type Curves With Real Gas Pseudopressure and Normalized Time

A normalized time has been developed that linearizes the rate decline vs. normalized time for a gas reservoir producing against constant wellbore pressure during (external) boundary-dominated flow. This allows type-curve matching of the exponential decline curve for a reservoir with any shape. Values of G, k/sub g/h, and k/sub g//phi can be determined from this type-curve match. It was determined that gas reservoir depletion plotted vs. actual time does not match exponential, harmonic, or hyperbolic decline curves, and future performance can lead to overestimates of reserves and future rate.
Commensurate antiferromagnetic ordering in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 determined by x-ray resonant magnetic scattering at the Fe K edge

We describe x-ray resonant magnetic diffraction measurements at the $\text{Fe}\text{ }K$ edge of both the parent ${\text{BaFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ and superconducting $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{0.953}{\text{Co}}_{0.047})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ compounds. From these high-resolution measurements we conclude that the magnetic structure is commensurate for both compositions. The energy spectrum of the resonant scattering is in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations using the full-potential linear augmented plane-wave method with a local density functional.
An entomopathogenic fungus and nematode prove ineffective for biocontrol of an invasive leaf miner Profenusa thomsoni in Alaska

A non-native invasive sawfly, the amber-marked birch leaf miner Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), was first detected in south-central Alaska in 1996 and is now widely distributed throughout urban and wild birch trees in Alaska. Impacts have been considered primarily aesthetic because leaf miners cause leaves of birch trees (Betula spp.) to senesce prematurely, but the leaf miners likely also reduce birch vigour and thereby increase susceptibility to diseases and other insects. We tested the ability of commercially available biological control agents to control P. thomsoni. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuillemin GHA strain and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) were applied in aqueous suspension to the soil/litter surface beneath infested birch trees in Alaska at one site in 2007 and 2008 and two sites in 2010. There was no evidence the fungus or nematode controlled P. thomsoni. Instead, there was evidence the fungus increased the density of this pest i...
Effect of welding speed on butt joint quality of Ti–6Al–4V alloy welded using a high-power Nd:YAG laser

Abstract Annealed Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets with 1 and 2 mm thickness are welded using a 4 kW Nd:YAG laser system. The effects of welding speed on surface morphology and shape, welding defects, microstructure, hardness and tensile properties are investigated. Weld joints without or with minor cracks, porosity and shape defects were obtained indicating that high-power Nd:YAG laser welding is a suitable method for Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The fusion zone consists mainly of acicular α′ martensite leading to an increase of approximately 20% in hardness compared with that in the base metal. The heat-affected zone consists of a mixture of α′ martensite and primary α phases. Significant gradients of microstructures and hardness are obtained over the narrow heat-affected zone. The laser welded joints have similar or slightly higher joint strength but there is a significant decrease in ductility. The loss of ductility is related to the presence of micropores and aluminum oxide inclusions.
Daily cycling of the crystalline style in the omnivorous, Deposit-feeding estuarine snail Ilyanassa obsoleta

Crystalline styles are present in nearly all bivalve mollusks, and are known to undergo cyclic changes in size and/or occurrence in many species. A few gastropod species are known to possess styles, but such cycles as may exist are unknown or not well documented. Results reported here show that Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say) in a sandflat population lose and regain their crystalline styles each day. Styles were consistently low in frequency just after dawn. The presence of this kind of rhythm in a deposit-feeding gastropod has not previously been noted. It is suggested that this cycle may have played a key role in the evolution of this widespread and numerically abundant species.
Empowering Indigenous Languages and Cultures: The Impact of German Bilateral Assistance in Latin America.

Working in Latin America for several decades to address the educational needs of poor and indigenous groups, the GTZ (Gesellschaft f�r Technische Zusammenarbeit) has helped to develop the knowledge base of intercultural bilingual education. The goal of this article is to analyze Germany's impact from the mid-1970s to the present as the GTZ has collaborated with different countries, and in a succession of projects, to provide technical assistance leading to the creation of the Latin American Universidad Ind�gena Intercultural. Building on this aid, new projects are currently under way, cofinanced by the pooled support of countries in the European Union. Bilateral cooperation between European donor countries and receiving countries is creating new forms of multilateral collaboration both between and within nations in support of education. The close collaboration of German bilateral cooperation with governments and academics in Latin America is one example of a longterm vision of aid that is empowering indig...
Evaluation of amine functionalized polypropylenes as compatibilizers for polypropylene nanocomposites

Abstract The compatibilization effects provided by amine functionalized polypropylenes versus those of a maleated polypropylene, PP-g-MA, for forming polypropylene-based nanocomposites were compared. Amine functionalized polypropylenes were prepared by reaction of maleated polypropylene, PP-g-MA, with 1,12-diaminododecane in the melt to form PP-g-NH 2 which was subsequently protonated to form PP-g-NH 3 + . Nanocomposites were prepared by melt processing using a DSM microcompounder (residence time of 10 min) by blending polypropylene and these functionalized materials with sodium montmorillonite, Na-MMT, and with an organoclay. X-ray and transmission electron microscopy plus tensile modulus tests were used to characterize those nanocomposites. Composites based on Na-MMT as the filler showed almost no improvement of tensile modulus compared to the polymer matrix using any of these functionalized polypropylenes, which indicated that almost no exfoliation was achieved. All the compatibilized nanocomposites using an organoclay, based on quaternary ammonium surfactant modified MMT, as the filler had better clay exfoliation compared to the uncompatibilized PP nanocomposites. Binary and ternary nanocomposites using amine functionalized polypropylenes had good clay exfoliation, but no advantage over those using PP-g-MA. The PP-g-MA/organoclay and PP/PP-g-MA/organoclay nanocomposites showed the most substantial improvements in terms of both mechanical properties and clay exfoliation.
Ultrasonographic and Other Testicular Characteristics of Holstein Bulls Revisited

The testes of bulls in an artificial breeding unit were examined with low frequency (1.6 and 2.25 MHz) transducers to determine if acoustical impedance could be used to detect bull differences in testicular tissue. The initial studies accompanied measurement of the linear dimensions and circumference of the testes with simple calipers and tapes to estimate size. Simple instruments proved to provide testicular size information that was more accurate and more easily obtained than by ultrasonography. Subsequent studies dealt with spermatogenic elements. Internal characteristics of the testes of 10 normal young bulls measured by ultrasonography were similar and were not significantly correlated with semen characteristics. Ultrasonograms on the testes of 68 bulls 20 to 144 months old differed, particularly associated with age. There was more dense tissue distributed in the testicular parenchyma of older bulls. Twenty-six bulls that had preslaughter ultrasonic analysis of the testes were classified into two groups after slaughter on the basis of normal or high proportions of fibrous testicular tissue. An independent analysis of the ultrasonograms concurred 81% of the time with the postmortem findings. While ultrasonography has greatly aided the understanding of many events in reproductive development and sexual function, it appears that its capabilities of providing unique information on internal testicular characteristics may be limited to special cases, such as old bulls when semen quality is marginal.
A COMMENT TO BUSH AND WHITE

In a recent issue of this journal there appeared an article by Bush and White, "Questionnaire distriburion: a method that significantly improved return rates" (1985), that merits close examination. In this paper Bush and White address an issue of concern to many survey researchers, the low response rates that are typically obtained in mail questionnaire-based studies. As justification for addressing this issue the authors cite the work that has been done by Rosnow and Rosenthzl (1976) indicating that those who respond to questionnaires differ from those who do not respond. Bush and White suggest that they hope to reduce this source of bias by devising a method to improve questionnaire response ra.res:
Knee extension power, velocity and torque: relative deficits and relation to walking performance in stroke patients

This study of hemiparetic stroke patients aimed to determine the nature and usefulness of dynamometer measurements of knee extension power compared to knee extension velocity and torque. Twenty subjects (mean age 63.7 years, time since stroke 70 days) performed maximum knee extension efforts on a Lido dynamometer. Specifically measured on each side were power and velocity during maximum velocity efforts and peak torque during isometric efforts. Subjects were timed while walking 7m at their 'most comfortable' and 'maximum safe' speeds. The mean knee extension performance deficits on the paretic side, compared to the nonparetic side, were 58.4% for power, 30.0% for velocity, and 44.5% for torque. The deficits were significantly different from one another. All muscle performance measures were correlated significantly with the gait speed measurements (paretic side r = 0.633-0.752; nonparetic side r = 0.448-0.650). Power measures were not clearly superior to velocity or torque measures for explaining gait spee...
Do birds bias measurements of seed rain

Accurate measurements of seed rain are important for understanding tree reproduction (Greene & Johnson 1994), forest regeneration (Cole et al. 2010, Cubina & Aide 2001, Howe et al. 2010, Zahawi & Augspurger 2006), forest ecology (Muller-Landau et al. 2008, Terborgh et al. 2011) and maintenance of community diversity (Harms et al. 2000). Seed traps generally consist of a bucket or net of a fixed area suspended 0.3–1 m above the ground, and seeds are typically collected once or twice per month. An implicit assumption of all seedrain studies is that traps do not influence seed dispersal. Should birds perch on and defecate seeds into seed traps, seed abundance will be overestimated. This behaviour could produce a directional bias if birds perch on seed traps in one habitat more than others. To our knowledge, no study has considered this potential bias. We attempted to characterize bird bias in seed-rain measurements through observations of seed traps in several habitats in southern Costa Rica (Table 1). Observations were conducted in June–September 2007, 2010, and 2011 near the town of Agua Buena (8◦44′ N, 82◦56′ W; 1100–1300 m asl; rainfall 3–4 m y−1). Seed traps consisted of a 0.25-m2 pocket of fine-gauge (0.5×0.5 mm) mosquito netting suspended 0.5 m above the ground on a metal frame with three legs. All observations were conducted in fair weather between 05h30 and 12h00. Groups of seed traps were observed in a randomized order on any given day. Avian nomenclature follows the American Ornithologists’ Union (1998) and its supplements. Statistics are reported as mean ± SE.
Molecular enhancement of sentinel node evaluation

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy are widely used to stage and manage patients with intermediate and thicker primary cutaneous melanoma. Likelihood of sentinel node metastases can be estimated from patients’ demography and primary tumor characteristics, but is precisely determined only by microscopic evaluation of excised node(s). Molecular/Genetic techniques, such as RT-PCR, Gene Expression Microarray, detection of metastasis-associated gene signatures and gene sequencing are likely to increase precision in future. Recent 10 year results of Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial 1 (MSLT1) [1] confirm that biopsy-based management prolongs disease free survival for all node-positive patients (P=0.01-0.03) and significantly increases 10 year distant disease-free survival (P=0.006) and melanoma-specific survival (P=0.02) for node-positive patients with intermediate thickness primaries. The trial also confirmed very clearly that the presence or absence of sentinel node metastases is best determined by close pathological evaluation of sections from nodal tissues, stained conventionally and by immunohistochemistry (S-100 protein, Mart-1, HMB-45). Patients with sentinel node metastases have a significantly unfavorable outcome that correlates with the amount and disposition of nodal tumor as assessed by microscopy, immunohistochemistry and morphometry [2]. Here again precision will be increased by the parallel application of molecular and genetic tests. The accuracy of appropriate patient assignment to early surgical management will be dramatically increased by the addition of molecular testing, more precisely identifying the patients most likely to respond to standard and evolving therapies
Triboluminescence in single crystal alkaline earth oxides

Abstract Triboluminescence has been observed in single crystals of MgO, CaO and SrO deformed by compression in a temperature range from 80 to 300 K. It appears to be a new intrinsic effect, independent of impurities or surface conditions and is of three types corresponding to three regions of the stress-strain curve. The nature of the defect emission center is open to speculation, but it is proposed that dislocation induced excitonic transitions adjacent to vacancy clusters produce the emission.
On the generality of a climate-mediated shift in the distribution of the American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Alpine species are among those most threatened by climatic shifts due to their physiological and geographic constraints. The American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small mammal found in mountainous, rocky habitats throughout much of western North America, has experienced recent population extirpations in the Great Basin linked to climatic drivers. It remains unclear whether these patterns of climate-related loss extend to other portions of the species' range. We investigated the distribution of the American pika and the climatic processes shaping this distribution within the Southern Rocky Mountain region. Results from a survey of 69 sites historically occupied by pikas indicate that only four populations have been extirpated within this region over the past few decades. Despite relatively few extirpations, low annual precipitation is implicated as a limiting factor for pika persistence in the Southern Rockies. Extirpations occurred only at sites that were consistently dry over the last century. While there was no climate change signal in our results, these data provide valuable insight into the potential future effects of climate change on O. princeps throughout its range.
A graph-based global registration for 2D mosaics

We describe a graph-based global registration method for creating 2D mosaic images. When multi-frames overlap in space, global registration is necessary to minimize the accumulated registration errors. We use a graph to represent the temporal and spatial connectivity and show that global registration can be obtained through the search for an optimal path in the constructed graph. The definition of an adequate objective function characterizing the global registration provides a direct manipulation of the graph. The framework presented here allows the automatic construction of the graph, and the construction of a consistent mosaic from a collection of frames using projective transformations.
Microwave characteristics of GaAs MMIC integrable optical detectors

The high-frequency characteristics of interdigitated photoconductive detectors fabricated on a HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) structure are presented. The fabrication process was completely compatible with that used to fabricate MODFETs (modulation-doped FETs), making these detectors easily integrable for MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) usage. The operating wavelength chosen was 820 nm. Detector responsivity as high as 2.5 A/W and an external quantum efficiency of 3.81% were measured. Response speed was nearly independent of electrode geometry, and all detectors had usable response at frequencies to 6 GHz. A change from inductive to capacitive reactance with bias suggests the possibility of a zero-reactance operating point. A small-signal model of the detector based on microwave measurements is also developed. >
Reliability-driven design of nuclear-powered spacecraft

An initial exploration of the safety and reliability of a nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system for a representative manned Mars mission is presented. The hypothetical mission goal, 0.95, is apportioned among 15 mission phases. Using optimistic and pessimistic assumptions yields an apportioned reliability goal for an NTP phase between 0.987 and 0.996. The reliability of the reactor and the LH/sub 2/ turbopump subsystems appear to be critical elements. The reliability of these subsystems is estimated using a variety of field data. It is credible that the NTP system can meet its reliability goal during active thrusting (3 cumulative hours). The dormancy period, 9120 hours between thrust phases, was studied using several models and data sources. It seems that the dormancy period reliability will be of equal or controlling importance in meeting the system reliability goal. >
A comparison of the problems of the family members of male prison inmates with and without drug abuse problems.

Ninety-eight inmates of a large Southeastern men's prison were administered a family questionnaire for this research. The characteristics of inmates with and without drug abuse problems were compared in the following areas: numbers of brothers and sisters, illicit drug use by family members, and other deviant behavior by family members. The results showed that the family members of the inmates with drug abuse problems more often used certain types of illicit drugs than the family members of inmates without drug problems. Implications for treatment were discussed.
Data exploration and knowledge discovery in a patient wellness tracking (PWT) system at a nurse-managed health services center

This paper describes our ongoing research on data exploration and knowledge discovery in a patient wellness tracking (PWT) information system developed for a nurse-managed community health center. The center employs an innovative and transdisciplinary care model that fully integrates behavioral and various wellness services into primary care to form a team approach. We have developed the PWT system that integrates clinical data collected in an electronic medical record (EMR) system with the data generated by a spectrum of healthy living programs and wellness services. While data is being collected rapidly in large volumes, it is imperative to develop effective tools in helping clinicians explore data and discover knowledge. In this paper, we present (1) an exploratory data browser based on information content in information theory for searching granularity patient data, and (2) a knowledge discovery component based on probabilistic graphical models for diagnosis, prognosis, and revealing clinical cause-effect interactions.
Dynamically reconfigurable soft output MIMO detector

MIMO systems (with multiple transmit and receive antennas) are becoming increasingly popular, and many next-generation systems such as WiMAX, 3-GPP LTE and IEEE802.11 n wireless LANs rely on the increased throughput of MIMO systems with up to four antennas at receiver and transmitter. High throughput implementation of the detection unit for MIMO systems is a significant challenge. This challenge becomes still harder, because the above mentioned standards demand support for multiple modulation and coding schemes. This implies that the MIMO detector must be dynamically reconfigurable. Also, to achieve required bit error rate (BER) or frame error rate (FER) performance, the detector has to provide soft values to advanced forward error correction (FEC) schemes like turbo Codes. This paper presents an ASIC implementation of a novel MIMO detector architecture that is able to reconfigure on the fly and provides soft values as output. The design is implemented in 45 nm predictive technology library, and has a parallelism factor of four. The detector has many qualities of a systolic architecture and achieves a continuous throughput of 1 Gbps for QPSK, 500 Mbps for 16-QAM, and 187.5 Mbps for 64-QAM. The total area is estimated to be approximately 70 KGates equivalent, and power consumption is estimated to be 114 mW.
Surfers and Searchers An Examination of Web-site Visitors' Clicking Behavior

While the details of how to design a web site so that visitors will “stay and play” are elusive, here's one methodology for assessing how visitors respond to a web site.
Be Careful What You Ask For Exploring the Confusion around and Usefulness of the Male Teacher as Male Role Model Discourse

Current educational reform efforts have called attention to the need for more male teachers, primarily in elementary education. Recent scholarship, however, has highlighted significant problems with some of the assumptions underlying these calls, arguing that if we are to incorporate male teachers in ways that truly challenge dominant discourses of masculinity, we must address questions such as why we need more male teachers and what masculinities these teachers will model. Importantly, research has shown that men do not question what it means to be a male teacher or a male role model. The authors seek to extend this research by inquiring into the confusion surrounding the concept and consequences of this confusion. The authors contend that the idea of a male role model needs questioning, the illusion of clarity it offers is potentially dangerous, and disrupting this idea could potentially rearticulate male participation in elementary teaching in more liberating ways.
Prenatal reserpine exposure in rats decreases caudate nucleus dop amine receptor binding in female offspring

Abstract The effects of prenatal exposure to reserpine on [3H]spiroperidol binding in caudate nucleus at postnatal day (PND) 21 were investigated. Pregnant rats were dosed with 0, 0.375 or 0.750 mg/kg/day reserpine s.c. on days 12–15 of gestation. At PND 21, pups were killed and their brains were dissected and stored at -70°C for analysis. Dopamine receptor binding was measured in membrane prepared from caudate nucleus of both sexes over a [3H]spiroperidol concentration range of 0.02 to 2.0 nM. Scatchard analysis revealed that the number of dopamine receptors (Bmax) in the membrane of female caudate nucleus was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while the dissociation constant KD) was relatively unchanged. In male rats, neither Bmax nor KD was significantly reduced in either dose group. These results show that prenatal exposure to reserpine decreased the dopamine receptor number in caudate nucleus in a sex-dependent manner. This alteration may underly several sex-related behavioral changes that were previously found in offspring from identically treated dams.
Application Areas and Data Requirements for BIM-Enabled Facilities Management

Facilities management (FM) encompasses and requires multidisciplinary activities, and thus has extensive information requirements. While some of these needs are addressed by several existing FM information systems, building information modeling (BIM), which is becoming widely adopted by the construction industry, holds undeveloped possibilities for providing and supporting FM practices with its functionalities of visualization, analysis, control, and so on. This paper explores how BIM can be a beneficial platform for supplementing FM practices. An online survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess the current status of BIM implementations in FM, potential applications, and the level of interest in the utilization of BIM. Interactions between BIM and FM are defined by illustrating application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled FM practices. Highlighting the synergy between the two, this paper can help professionals recognize potential areas in which BIM can be useful in FM practices.
Ultrafast electric field polarization evolution in the excitonic free polarization decay of GaAs

Summary form only given. In the present experiment we examine the free polarization decay in GaAs and show that in general this assumption is inappropriate; even weak biaxial strain leads to sufficient symmetry breaking that the polarization of the emitted field differs from the incident field and leads to changes in the temporal evolution of the so-called quantum beats. Free polarization decay is a phenomenon that occurs when a transient coherent optical field induces a resonant electronic coherence aligned with the field that oscillates at the natural frequency.
Candida albicans Als3p is required for wild-type biofilm formation on silicone elastomer surfaces.

Candida albicans ALS3 encodes a large cell-surface glycoprotein that has adhesive properties. Immunostaining of cultured C. albicans germ tubes showed that Als3p is distributed diffusely across the germ tube surface. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy of model catheter biofilms grown using a PALS3-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strain showed GFP production in hyphae throughout the biofilm structure while biofilms grown using a PTPI1-GFP reporter strain showed GFP in both hyphae and yeast-form cells. Model catheter biofilms formed by an als3Δ/als3Δ strain were weakened structurally and had approximately half the biomass of a wild-type biofilm. Reintegration of a wild-type ALS3 allele restored biofilm mass and wild-type biofilm structure. Production of an Als3p–Agα1p fusion protein under control of the ALS3 promoter in the als3Δ/als3Δ strain restored some of the wild-type biofilm structural features, but not the wild-type biofilm mass. Despite its inability to restore wild-type biofilm mass, the Als3p–Agα1p fusion protein mediated adhesion of the als3Δ/als3Δ C. albicans strain to human buccal epithelial cells (BECs). The adhesive role of the Als3p N-terminal domain was further demonstrated by blocking adhesion of C. albicans to BECs with immunoglobulin reactive against the Als3p N-terminal sequences. Together, these data suggest that portions of Als3p that are important for biofilm formation may be different from those that are important in BEC adhesion, and that Als3p may have multiple functions in biofilm formation. Overexpression of ALS3 in an efg1Δ/efg1Δ strain that was deficient for filamentous growth and biofilm formation resulted in growth of elongated C. albicans cells, even under culture conditions that do not favour filamentation. In the catheter biofilm model, the ALS3 overexpression strain formed biofilm with a mass similar to that of a wild-type control. However, C. albicans cells in the biofilm had yeast-like morphology. This result uncouples the effect of cellular morphology from biofilm formation and underscores the importance of Als3p in biofilm development on silicone elastomer surfaces.
An optimizing compiler for GPGPU programs with input-data sharing

Developing high performance GPGPU programs is challenging for application developers since the performance is dependent upon how well the code leverages the hardware features of specific graphics processors. To solve this problem and relieve application developers of low-level hardware-specific optimizations, we introduce a novel compiler to optimize GPGPU programs. Our compiler takes a naive GPU kernel function, which is functionally correct but without any consideration for performance optimization. The compiler then analyzes the code, identifies memory access patterns, and generates optimized code. The proposed compiler optimizations target at one category of scientific and media processing algorithms, which has the characteristics of input-data sharing when computing neighboring output pixels/elements. Many commonly used algorithms, such as matrix multiplication, convolution, etc., share such characteristics. For these algorithms, novel approaches are proposed to enforce memory coalescing and achieve effective data reuse. Data prefetching and hardware-specific tuning are also performed automatically with our compiler framework. The experimental results based on a set of applications show that our compiler achieves very high performance, either superior or very close to the highly fine-tuned library, NVIDIA CUBLAS 2.1.
Coupling of near-bottom seston and surface sediment composition: Changes with nutrient enrichment and implications for estuarine food supply and biogeochemical processing

We compared near-bottom seston and surface sediment composition in Cape Cod estuaries receiving different N loads to determine whether eutrophic-driven changes in seston and sediment composition occur in tandem and what implications such coupling has for the quantity and quality of particles available as food for benthic consumers. d 15 N signatures in seston and sediment increased with increasing N loads to estuaries and linked particles in nearshore seston and sediment to land-derived wastewater sources. d 13 C signatures in seston and sediment reflected C inputs primarily from microalgae. Sediments, however, were consistently lighter in d 15 N and heavier in d 13 C compared with seston among our estuaries and in other estuaries worldwide, which suggests a seston‐sediment biogeochemical coupling that may be independent of estuary-specific differences. In Cape Cod estuaries, N enrichment increased microalgal production in seston and sediment in nearshore areas, and higher N loads decreased C : N in sediments, but not in seston. The biogeochemical coupling reflected in isotopic signatures in seston and sediment persisted despite these changes associated with N enrichment and differences in grazer abundance, salinity, and flushing times across estuaries. Differences in isotopic signatures in benthic algae compared with phytoplankton were consistent with isotopic differences in sediment compared with seston, and microalgal production was the only aspect of composition that responded similarly to N loading in both seston and sediment across estuaries. The consistent coupling between seston and sediment composition, therefore, was likely related to differences in microalgal composition and, in turn, the type and quantity of particles available as food to consumers at the sediment‐water interface. In shallow estuaries subject to mixing, composition of nearbottom suspended particulate matter (seston) may be influenced by particles resuspended from surface sediments (Baillie and Welsh 1980; Lukatelich and McComb 1986; Lucas et al. 2000). This potential link between seston and sediment
Room-Temperature Operation of Buffer-Free GaSb–AlGaSb Quantum-Well Diode Lasers Grown on a GaAs Platform Emitting at 1.65 $\mu$ m

Buffer-free growth of GaSb on GaAs using interfacial misfit (IMF) layers may significantly improve the performance of antimonide-based emitters operating between 1.6 and 3 mum by integrating III-As and III-Sb materials. Using the IMF, we are able to demonstrate a GaSb-AlGaSb quantum-well laser grown on a GaAs substrate and emitting at 1.65 mum, the longest known operating wavelength for this type of device. The device operates in the pulsed mode at room temperature and shows 15-mW peak power at -10degC and shows high characteristic temperature (To) for an Sb-based active region. Further improvements to IMF formation can lead to high-performance lasers operating up to 3 mum.
Left ventricle motion analysis by hierarchical decomposition

An approach to the modeling and analysis of left ventricle motion and deformation is presented. The hierarchical motion model of the left ventricle is constructed by combining several simple models and is able to capture major motion and deformation components that are already confirmed by medical observations. The hierarchical decomposition characterizes the left ventricle motion and deformation in a coarse-to-fine fashion and leads to computationally efficient estimation algorithms. The global rigid motion of the left ventricle is estimated by establishing a time-varying object-centered coordinate system. The global and local deformations of the left ventricle are obtained by fitting the given data to superquadric and spherical harmonic modeling primitives, respectively. The animation of estimation results is consistent with prior knowledge of the left ventricle and therefore shows the success of the hierarchical decomposition based approach. >
Kinship Algebra Expert System (KAES): A Software Implementation of a Cultural Theory

The computer program Kinship Algebra Expert System (KAES) provides a graphically based framework for constructing, if possible, a generative algebraic model for the structure of a kinship terminology (the terms used to refer to one’s kin). The algebraic modeling is based on a theory of kinship terminologies elaborated through writing the software program. The theory relates the properties and structure of kinship terminologies to an underlying logic that the KAES program helps uncover and model as a generative structure. The program then relates the structural logic of a kinship terminology modeled by the KAES program to a genealogical space based on genealogical tracing of kin relations. The KAES program demonstrates the surprisingly logical character of kinship terminologies and challenges the received view of the primacy of genealogical relations in defining cultural kinship through showing how genealogical definitions of kin terms can be accurately predicted in the terminologies considered to date.
HYPERBOLIC HEAT TRANSFER WITH REFLECTION

The non-Fourier model for heat transfer leads to a hyperbolic evolution problem describing the temperature solution. A one-dimensional case is considered for such a propagating heat wave reflected at a boundary. A primary goal is investigation of the effectiveness of numerical solution techniques for the case of a propagating heat front and the influence of different boundary conditions. Finite elements are employed in space and alternative time integration schemes are studied, including ordinary differential equation system integrators. The effect of solution “roughness” on the error and oscillations before and after reflection is examined and rates of convergence are numerically determined.
Dual Intercalating Molten Electrolyte Batteries

Dual Intercalating Molten Electrolyte (DIME) electrodes and cells have been examined using a number of low-melting and room-temperature molten salts. A cell with a chloroaluminate melt achieved a cycling efficiency of 85% with a discharge voltage of 2.92 V. Coke-elastomer composite electrodes underwent cation reductive intercalation without experiencing the exfoliation and degradation seen for graphite rods. Theoretical studies for an imidazolium-graphite intercalate predict the graphite layer spacing expands between 5.18 and 8.01 A upon insertion of the imidazolium molecule into the graphite lattice.
A case-based approach to network intrusion detection

This paper reports progress on creating a case-based implementation of the well-known Snort intrusion detection system. Snort is a simple rule-based system that is known to suffer limitations, including both failure to detect certain kinds of intrusions and the frequent raising of false alarms. We believe that a case-based reasoning approach can provide a framework in which to incorporate more sophisticated artificial intelligence techniques that will help overcome some of these limitations. In addition, the present system is intended to apply more generally to other aspects of network security, as well as other domains related to protecting the nation's critical infrastructure. The system is being built using the modern software engineering technique known as "adaptive" or "reflective architectures," which will make it easily adaptable to other kinds of problem domain.
Outcome expectations and associated treatment outcomes in motivational enhancement therapy delivered in English and Spanish.

Background and Objectives The relationship between patients’ baseline expectations regarding treatment outcome and actual outcomes has not been widely studied within the field of substance use disorders. We hypothesized that outcome expectations would be unrelated to outcomes in a study investigating motivational enhancement therapy delivered in English (MET-E) consistent with our earlier work, and conducted exploratory analyses in a separate study that investigated the same treatment delivered in Spanish (MET-S). Methods These secondary analyses compared patient outcome expectations and substance use treatment outcomes in two large, multisite randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated three sessions of MET-E or MET-S. The MET-E sample included 461 participants and the MET-S sample included 405 participants. Outcome expectations were measured by a single item regarding expectations about abstinence prior to initiating treatment. Results Outcome expectations were strongly associated with most substance use outcomes in the MET-S trial (but not in MET-E), even after controlling for severity of substance use at baseline. In MET-S, those who indicated that they were “unsure” that they would achieve abstinence during treatment submitted a greater percentage of drug-positive urine toxicology screens during the treatment period than those who were ‘sure’ they would achieve abstinence (F = 18.83, p < .001). Discussion and Conclusions Patients’ outcome expectations regarding the likelihood of abstinence may be an important predictor of drug use treatment outcomes among Spanish-speakers, but not necessarily for English-speakers. Scientific Significance Individual differences and cultural factors may play a role in the association between outcome expectations and treatment outcomes. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:1–8)
Laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy as an alternate treatment for common bile duct stones after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Abstract Background After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the new gastrointestinal configuration does not permit easy endoscopic access to the biliary system in the standard fashion. Common bile duct (CBD) stones have proved to be a challenge for both the surgeon and the endoscopist in this setting. We shall review our experience with laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy as a treatment of choledocholithiasis after gastric bypass. Methods Between January 2000 and July 2012, 3115 patients underwent RYGB at our institution. Patients were included if they had postoperative CBD stones regardless of previous cholecystectomy. Treatment modality was laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy. A retrospective chart review of a prospectively collected data was completed, noting the outcomes and complications of the procedure. Results Of 3115 patients, 11 patients were included in this study. There were 8 female and 3 male patients with a mean age of 50.5±10.9 (range, 34–66) years. The average time between primary RYGB and choledochoduodenostomy was 39.7±33.8 (range 8–113) months. The average body mass index at primary surgery was 48.2±8.1 (range 38.4–67.4) kg/m 2 and at choledochoduodenostomy was 29.5±6.8 (range 22.7–46.9) kg/m 2 . One patient had bile leak that was managed with drain. All patients had resolution of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 24.8±26.9 (range 2–84) months. Conclusion This small case series suggests that, in experienced hands, laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy is an option for safe and effective treatment of choledocholithiasis after gastric bypass.
Effects of glacial meltwater inflows and moat freezing on mixing in an ice‐covered antarctic lake as interpreted from stable isotope and tritium distributions

Perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys have risen several meters over the past two decades due to climatic warming and increased glacial meltwater inflow. To elucidate the hydrologic responses to changing climate and the effects on lake mixing processes we measured the stable isotope (al80 and 6D) and tritium concentrations of water and ice samples collected in the Lake Fryxell watershed from 1987 through 1990. Stable isotope enrichment resulted from evaporation in stream and moat samples and from sublimation in surface lake-ice samples. Tritium enrichment resulted from exchange with the postnuclear atmosphere in stream and moat samples. Rapid injection of tritiated water into the upper water column of the lake and incorporation of this water into the ice cover resulted in uniformly elevated tritium contents (> 3.0 TU) in these reservoirs. Tritium was also present in deep water, suggesting that a component of bottom water was recently at the surface. During summer, melted lake ice and stream water forms the moat. Water excluded from ice formation during fall moat freezing (enriched in solutes and tritium, and depleted in IsO and 2H relative to water below 15-m depth) may sink as density currents-to the bottom of the lake. Seasonal lake circulation, in response to climate-driven surface inflow, is therefore responsible for the distribution of both water isotopes and dissolved solutes in Lake Fryxell.
Recovery of Campylobacter jejuni in Feces and Semen of Caged Broiler Breeder Roosters Following Three Routes of Inoculation

Abstract We previously reported the recovery of Campylobacter (naturally colonized) from the ductus deferens of 5 of 101 broiler breeder roosters, and four of those five positive roosters had previously produced Campylobacter-positive semen samples. Those results prompted further evaluation to determine if inoculation route influenced the prevalence or level of Campylobacter contamination of semen, the digestive tract, or reproductive organs. Individually caged roosters, confirmed to be feces and semen negative for Campylobacter, were challenged with a marker strain of Campylobacter jejuni either orally using 1.0 ml of a diluted cell suspension (log104.3 to 6.0 cells), by dropping 0.1 ml of suspension (log105.3 to 7.0 cells) on the everted phallus immediately after semen collection or by dip coating an ultrasound probe in the diluted cell suspension (log104.3 to 6.0 cells) and then inserting the probe through the vent into the colon. Six days postinoculation, individual feces and semen samples were again ...
Re-engineering the Schools of Tomorrow: Towards Community Sponsorship

In this chapter, it is argued that to keep pace with large demographic shifts and the speed of information technologies, schools will have to transform themselves in the direction of optimal learning environments presented in this book in order to survive. The key characteristic of optimal learning environments is consistently demonstrated to be environmental complexity, or providing a powerful combination of environmental challenge and support. While creating optimal learning environments remains a great challenge, much will be accomplished if greater priority is placed on meeting all individual students’ needs, as illustrated by many of the models presented in this book. Youth can be very valuable societal resources, and can thrive when they feel a sense that they matter and belong through taking valued roles to contribute. There is great demand for adding more time to the school day that has already gained traction among policy makers, and is already occurring in a variety of states and cities. The main question for the future of schools appears to be how future schools will be reengineered with respect to time, resources, and staff. Forming strong community partnerships may be the essential ingredient in adapting to the times, expanding not only school time but the number and diversity of community-based engaged learning opportunities. Models of Extended Learning Time and Opportunities (ELTOs) suggest that schools that effectively engage youth in the future will likely move towards an intentionally blending of academic, physical, social, and emotional goals and activities throughout an extended school day.