cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Five Linkage Regions Each Harbor Multiple Type 2 Diabetes Genes in the African American Subset of the GENNID Study

We previously localized type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility genes to five chromosomal regions through a genome-wide linkage scan of T2D and age of diagnosis (AOD) in the African American subset of the GENNID sample. To follow up these findings, we repeated the linkage and association analysis using genotypes on an additional 9,203 fine-mapping SNPs selected to tag genes under the linkage peaks. In each of the five regions, we confirmed linkage and inferred the presence two or more susceptibility genes. The evidence of multiple susceptibility genes comprised: 1) multiple linkage peaks in four of the five regions; 2) association of T2D and AOD with SNPs within 2 or more genes in every region. The associated genes included 3 previously reported to associate with T2D or related traits (GRB10, NEDD4L, LIPG), and 24 novel candidate genes including genes in lipid metabolism (ACOXL) and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion (MAGI2, CLDN4, CTNNA2).
The Interaction of Referential Ambiguity and Argument Structure in the Parsing of Prepositional Phrases

Abstract This research addresses the question of whether the initial interpretation of structurally ambiguous sentences (such as He dropped the book on the chair ) is made purely on the basis of syntactic principles or whether semantic processes also exert an influence. Two factors, referential ambiguity (e.g., whether there is more than one referent for the book ), and verb argument structure (e.g., whether the verb takes on the chair as an optional or obligatory argument) were manipulated in two experiments using a subject-paced moving-window technique. These experiments found that the need to resolve an ambiguous noun phrase referent interacted with the obligatory/optional nature of verb arguments. Discourse information affected initial syntactic assignment of the prepositional phrase, but only for verbs taking optional goal arguments. For verbs taking obligatory goal arguments, the attachment decision was independent of whether the noun phrase was referentially ambiguous. A third experiment found that prepositional phrases are not initially interpreted as modifiers if a disambiguating adjective immediately precedes the noun, clearly implicating referential ambiguity as the mechanism affecting the interpretation of the prepositional phrase. These results support a limited influence of discourse semantics on the parsing of prepositional phrases and are inconsistent with models that propose no influence of semantics on syntax and models that propose complete interaction.
KINETICS OF FORMATION AND STABILITY CONSTANTS OF MONO AND BIS l-TYROSINE COMPLEXES OF Cu(II), Co(II), AND Ni(II)

Abstract The kinetics and stability constants of l-tyrosine complexation with copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) have been studied in aqueous solution at 25° and ionic strength 0.1 M. The reactions are of the type M(HL)(3-n)+ n-1 + HL- ⇆ M(HL)(2-n)+n(kn, forward rate constant; k-n, reverse rate constant); where M=Cu, Co or Ni, HL− refers to the anionic form of the ligand in which the hydroxyl group is protonated, and n=1 or 2. The stability constants (Kn=kn/k-n) of the mono and bis complexes of Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ with l-tyrosine, determined by potentiometric pH titration are: Cu2+, log K1=7.90 ± 0.02, log K2=7.27 ± 0.03; Co2+, log K1=4.05 ± 0.02, log K2=3.78 ± 0.04; Ni2+, log K1=5.14 ± 0.02, log K2=4.41 ± 0.01. Kinetic measurements were made using the temperature-jump relaxation technique. The rate constants are: Cu2+, k1=(1.1 ± 0.1) × 109 M −1 sec−1, k-1=(14 ± 3) sec−1, k2=(3.1 ± 0.6) × 108 M −1 sec−1, k−2=(16 ± 4) sec−1; Co2+, k1=(1.3 ± 0.2) × 106 M −1 sec−1, k-1=(1.1 ± 0.2) × 102 sec−1, k2=(1.5 ± 0...
A comparison of the vitamin C in mothers and their newborn infants.

LAWRENCE B. SLOBODY, M.D., REUEL A. B~NSON, M.D., A~D JOAN MESTERN NEW YORK, N. Y. THE plasma ascorbic acid concentration of the newborn infant and of cord l b l o o d has been shown to be considerably higher than that of the maternal blood. 1 This has suggested the important concept that the fetus takes its supply of vitamin C whether or not the mother has a sufficient amount. However, as has been pointed out in N u t r i t i o n R e v i e w s ~ the "plasma aseorbic acid levels are notoriously labile and dependent on recent dietary intake. Determination of tissue vitamin C, or of the values in white blood eell~platelet fraction o~ blood, would provide more convincing evidence of true maternal-fetal relationships." We have worked with an intradermal test a for vitamin C. This test is based on the intradermal injection of a dye which will be deeolorized by vitamin C. Slow decolorization of the dye would indicate that the tissues have an insufficient amount of vitamin C. Rapid decolorization would indicate a sufficient amount.* In our test enough of a N/300 solution of sodium 2,6-diehlorphenol indophenol is injected to raise an approximately 4 mm. wheal. A skin test time (time for disappearance of dye) o.f 14 minutes or more suggests a definite degree of tissue unsaturation, from 10 to 13 minutes is borderline, and less than 9 minutes, a normal amount of vitamin C in the body tissues. *
Variation of β-galactosidase expression from Mudlac elements during the development of Escherichia coli colonies

Bacterial colonies reveal the action of systems for multicellular regulation of genetic activity during growth and development. Colonies produced on agar indicator medium by Escherichia coli strains carrying the transposable genetic fusion element Mudlac displayed organized patterns of differential beta-galactosidase expression. One feature of these patterns was the presence of phenotypically distinct concentric rings containing cells that were not genetically distinct. A second feature of the patterns was the appearance of sectorial populations with novel phenotypes, frequently displaying coincident variation in several characters, such as enzyme activity, multicellular aggregation and rate of spread over the agar substrate. Subcloning analysis of sectors with more expansive growth phenotypes revealed that they contained bacteria expressing novel developmental sequences on more than one kind of medium. These novel developmental sequences could be transmitted to progeny bacteria but were reversible during growth in liquid medium. More stable clonal variation in patterns of beta-galactosidase expression arose during storage in liquid medium. Most of these changes correlated with transpositions or rearrangements of Mudlac sequences. Some changes in beta-galactosidase expression involved interactions between Mudlac elements and unlinked Mu derivatives. These results revealed the operation of novel control systems regulating beta-galactosidase expression from the lacZ sequences in a chromosomal Mudlac element and demonstrated at least two different kinds of clonal variation events which affected pattern formation in bacterial colonies.
Interpretation of isomer ratios in nuclear reactions with Fermi-gas and superconductor models

Nuclear temperatures and isomer ratios are calculated on the basis of a recent semi-quantitative theory for a Fermi gas with pairing correlations analogous to those of a superconducting metal. Although the superconductor model predicts only a slight energy dependence of the nuclear temperature at low-excitation energies, in agreement with some, but not all experimental results, the single-particle level spacings required to reproduce the absolute values of the experimental nuclear temperatures are considerably smaller than expected. The superconductor model predicts a reduction from the rigid-body moment of inertia which is consistent with isomer ratios for nuclei with an odd number of nucleons. However, some evidence is presented to show that the superconductor model overestimates the reduction in the moment of inertia for odd nuclei†††. Nuclear temperatures and isomer ratios are calculated also with a shifted Fermi gas model. In this model the Fermi gas predictions are modified to compensate for pairing interactions by simply re-defining excitation energies relative to a characteristic level. In the present calculations we assume the characteristic level of an odd nucleus is identical with its ground state. For odd nuclei the experimental isomer ratios are in good agreement with predictions of the Fermi gas theory with a rigid body moment of inertia. The shifted Fermi gas model gives better agreement with nuclear temperatures than the superconductor model, but gives too large a moment of inertia for odd-mass nuclei. The degree of agreement between the predictions of the above superconductor theory and the various experimental data for all types of nuclei is unimproved over the simpler Fermi gas theory.
Psoriasis and Reiter's syndrome

Abstract The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has emerged among children as a major public health problem in the United States and in many countries of the world. Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1982. 1 By October, 1989, a total of 1908 cases of AIDS in children under the age of 13 had been reported to the CDC. 2 Selected hospitals in Newark, NJ, Miami, FL, and New York now report seropositivity in 3–4% of newborns, and experts project 6,000–20,000 cases of AIDS among children in the United States within the next several years. 3
Studies on the Antihypertensive Action of N-Dimethylaminopropyl-1-Methyl-8, 8-Dimethyl-3-Azobicyclo (3,2,1) Octane Dimethochloride (Wy-1395)*

Compound Wy-1395 1 has been tested for hypotensive potency and toxicity in both intact and anesthetized preparations. This agent was extremely potent in hypotensive properties at a low dosage level and appeared to possess both central depressive and ganglioplegic properties.
Age trends in children's time-sharing performance☆

To investigate developmental differences in time-sharing performance, 60 boys, 20 in each of three age groups (7-, IO-, and 13-year-olds) performed an auditory matching task and a tracking task alone and concurrently, the latter under two sets of instructions. Decrements produced by concurrent performance were compared for the three age groups. When the time-shared tasks were presented as equally important, time-sharing produced significantly greater proportional decrements in the tracking performance of the younger children and for all age groups tracking task decrements were directly related to matching task difficulty. Subsequently, the children were instructed that one or the other of the tasks was more important and that they were to improve their performance on that task. All three age groups showed a significant improvement on the task emphasized by instructions. The relationship of the results to two models of information processing is discussed.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Headache With a Reversible Arnold‐Chiari Malformation

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is characterized by severe postural headache in the setting of low CSF pressure, usually attributed to a cryptic CSF leak. We report a patient whose prolonged refractory headache was characterized by the clinical symptoms of occipital neuralgia, but was also associated with the radiographic appearance of an Arnold-Chiari malformation, type I and low CSF pressure. After extensive diagnostic evaluation, CT cisternomyelography ultimately demonstrated a CSF leak at the C2 vertebral level. Symptomatic relief was sustained only with long-term theophylline administration. The apparent Arnold-Chiari malformation resolved with treatment of the low CSF pressure.
Building a Social Media rating model

Social Media (SM) data are growing, and SM is becoming an acceptable part of daily life for billions of people around the world. Extracting information from Social Networking Sites (SNS) can provide great challenges as well as opportunities. Using SM data beyond day-to-day communication can provide additional values. There is much research and many products that are dedicated to take SNS beyond communication channels. In our research, we are going beyond specific tools inherent to the SM tools, such as Hashtag mentions and Like counts. Instead it will use text-based modeling, data mining techniques, natural process language, machine language, etc. to understand SM content to produce numeric ratings. The final contribution of this research is building a SM users' rating model for an event using SM data. At this point of our research, we are laying out a road map.
Radar exploration of space using incoherent scattering

Theoretical and experimental results of incoherent scattering are discussed within the context of the phenomenon of radio-wave scattering by spatial fluctuations in electron density. Emphasis is placed on the concepts involved in measuring properties of the upper ionosphere, such as electron density, temperature, electron drifts, and the strength and direction of the magnetic field
Thermal diffusivity measurements of particulates using the differentiated line source

A method is described in which thermal diffusivity measurements can be made on particulate materials using the identical instrumentation as described in previous papers for measuring thermal conductivity. The measurements for the two properties can be made simultaneously, thus eliminating the changes in conditions when they are made separately. This system has particular application for studies of simulated lunar, planetary, or asteroidal surfaces in which laboratory measurements can be correlated with astronomical observations of thermal inertia. A representative set of data is shown which gives thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity measurements on a particulate basalt in which the values for each temperature were taken simultaneously. A value for specific heat is calculated for measurements taken at each temperature.
Trends in X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy

Modern synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) has become a critical tool for many a research program, addressing extremely broad and highly relevant scientific questions. Their ability to map trace elemental content and probe local chemical state has been applied to numerous scientific areas in the life sciences [1–3], the environmental and earth sciences [4, 5], the materials sciences, as well as in cultural heritage studies. The newest generation of instruments utilizes high-brightness X-ray sources and incorporate state-of-the-art focusing optics and detector systems. Advances in X-ray sources and nanofocusing optics, for example, have allowed these instruments to achieve spatial resolutions of 20–30 nm using diffractive optics such as Fresnel zone plates and 200 nm using reflective optics such as Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors. New beamlines, now in the design stage, aim to achieve similar (and better) resolutions within the next five years.
Automated detection of BB pixel clusters in digital fluoroscopic images

Small ball bearings (BBs) are often used to characterize and correct for geometric distortion of x-ray image intensifiers. For quantitative applications the number of BBs required for accurate distortion correction is prohibitively large for manual detection. A method to automatically determine the BB coordinates is described. The technique consists of image segmentation, pixel coalescing and centroid calculation. The dependence of calculated BB coordinates on segmentation threshold was also evaluated and found to be within the uncertainty of measurement.
Magnetic phases in rare earth chlorides

Abstract Recent spectroscopic measurements by Prinz of the exchange coupling in NdCl 3 are reconciled with the magnetic susceptibility data of Eisenstein et al.
Self-improvement in problem-solving

For the purposes of this paper self-improvement will be defined to be the automatic development of problem solving heuristics. The reason for such a narrow definition will be indicated. Precise formulation of the concepts of problem and game will form the basis for the discussion of self-improving programs and an attempt to deal with the question of their adequacies.The relationship between self improvement and the process of learning will be established in specific cases. The idea of “proof generalization” as a basis of self-improvement will also be discussed. Case studies, where they exist and are understood will be indicated.
Monitoring of disease activity by measurement of inflammatory markers in atopic dermatitis in childhood

Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured in 20 patients with atopic dermatitis before and after 4 days' treatment with prednisolone p.o. as well as in 16 healthy, nonatopic controls. Before steroid treatment, patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrated significantly higher serum levels of sIL-2R, ICAM-1, and ECP than healthy controls (P < 0.001), whereas ELAM-1 levels were not different between the groups. After 4 days of steroid treatment, clinical improvement was associated with a decrease of sIL-2R (P < 0.003), ICAM-1 (P < 0.004), and ECP serum levels (P < 0.003), but ELAM-1 levels remained unchanged. Both serum ECP and sIL-2R levels were significantly correlated with disease severity before as well as after steroid treatment. Changes of sIL-2R concentrations were strongly related to the changes of ECP levels. In addition, changes of serum sIL-2R and ECP levels in percentage were correlated with clinical improvement. These results indicate that the determination of sIL-2R and ECP serum levels may be useful in monitoring disease activity in atopic dermatitis in childhood, especially in treatment trials.
SU‐GG‐T‐96: Energy Differential Response of Cancer Cells for Low Dose Irradiation:Impact of Monoenergetic Brachytherapy Sources

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the energy differential response of cancer cells under identical dose exposure to asses the relevancy of mono-energetic sources for Brachytherapy treatments. Method and Materials: An electron energy spectrum impinging on lived breast cancer cell lines (MDA321) was obtained by placing a 19.65 {micro}Ci {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y radioactive source in front of a non-uniform magnetic field constructed from two 5.08 x 5.0 cm x 2.54 cm neodimium ion permanent dipole magnets with a 1 cm separation gap. The cell lines were placed on the exit pole face of the magnet and were subsequently irradiated with different electron energies ranging from about 0.75 MeV to 1.85 MeV. The energy distribution was accurately measured with a scintillating fiber detector system that provided a 0.5% agreement with ICRU and a 5% energy resolution. The dosimetry was performed using a series of data acquired with a {sup 9}Sr/{sup 90}Y 4.5 mCi SIA-6 eye applicator, 6-21 MeV fixed energies from a Varian 2100 EX linac, EBT Gafchromic and Kodak ERT2 films, and an ion chamber detector. The accuracy of the dose rate obtained at different locations along and away from the magnet inside the cell containers wasmore » within 10.7%. Results: The cell lines were irradiated with a 0.5-4 Gy dose range. The data indicate a very strong differential energy response for electrons around 1 MeV (more lethal) compare to those with lesser or greater energy and a survival rate of at most 10% at very low dose (0.5-2 Gy). Conclusion: Mono-energetic Brachytherapy sources may provide a new pathway for radio-therapy treatment optimizations following a dedicated study showing very unusual high lethality in a specific energy window for MDA321 breast cancer cells.« less
A Time-Sequenced Rotation Invariant Optical Correlator For Multiple Target Recognition

A hybrid computer-controlled optical correlator has been developed, assembled, and evaluated for use as a rotation invariant multiple target recognition system. The system consists of an optical correlator with magneto-optic spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) at the input and filter planes and a vidicon at the correlation plane. A COMPAQ 386 (IBM compatible) personal computer with a frame grabber board is used to acquire, binarize and load binary amplitude-only video images to the input MOSLM, to write sequential stored Hartley binary phase-only filters to the filter MOSLM, and to sample and statistically analyze correlation plane data in order to locate and recognize objects of interest in the input scene. The sequential correlations and output data samples are obtained at near video rates (15 per second, limited by the peak detection algorithm and the asynchronous video interface), allowing multiple targets at any in-plane rotation in a given input image to be located and classified in less than 5 seconds. The results of a computer simulation and experiments indicate that this system can correctly identify objects within its target class more than 95% of the time, even in the presence of severe clutter and high noise densities (noise toggles 10% of all binary pixels).
Temperature Selection by Juvenile Striped Bass in Laboratory and Field

Abstract Juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis, 80–300 mm in total length and acclimated to 22–24 C, generally selected temperatures in the range 24–27 C during spring and summer in laboratory horizontal temperature gradients and electronic shuttleboxes and in exploratory telemetry trials at a freshwater quarry lake. During autumn, preferred temperatures in laboratory gradients declined to 20–25 C. Received August 12, 1981 Accepted June 23, 1984
Transistor Laser for Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits

We have demonstrated the first transistor that simultaneously operated as a transistor and as a laser - the "transistor laser" (2004). The insertion of quantum-wells and tilted charge in the short base of a transistor reduces recombination lifetime below 30 ps which is critical for extending the direct modulation bandwidth of the semiconductor laser towards 100 GHz. Three-port operation expands the use of the transistor laser to electronic-photonic integrated circuits.
Densification of MgSiO 3 glass with pressure and temperature

The density and structure of MgSiO3 glass (v-En) recovered from a series of annealing experiments up to 1000°C at 2.0, 5.5 and 8.5 GPa have been investigated using Archimedes' method and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The densities of recovered glasses are found to be a complex function of pressure and temperature. At room temperature, compression up to 8.5 GPa, followed by decompression, yields a glass with a density within 0.6 % of the 1-atm value. Likewise, the 1-atm density is fully recovered in glass heated up to ~500°C at 2.0 GPa at higher pressures. A sharp increase in recovered density is observed between 500°C and 800°C at 2.0 GPa, 200°C and 500°C at 5.5 GPa and from room-T and 300°C at 8.5 GPa. At higher annealing temperatures the changes in density are more modest. This break in slope occurs for a glass density of 2.89 g/cm3 at 2.0 GPa and 2.95 g/cm3 at 5.5 and 8.5 GPa. Above ~900°C v-En crystallizes at all pressures. Raman spectra for annealed glasses show a progressive shift in the Si-O-Si bending mode to higher wave number with recovered density. From these data we estimate a ~4.5 % decrease in the Si-O-Si bond angle with densification from 2.75 g/cm3 (1-atm, room T) to 3.0 g/cm3.
Organizational collaboration: an STC perspective

In this proposal I submit personal qualifications for participation in the CHI 2005 Development Consortium, along with a review of some issues to be discussed and possible resolutions.
Regiochemical control in intramolecular cyclizations of 2,3-epoxysulfides mediated by solvent effects

The regioselectivity of cyclization in methylene-interrupted epoxydiols with a thiophenyl ether group adjacent to the epoxide can be controlled by the appropriate choice of reaction conditions. Thus, while the 5-exo mode of cyclization is observed under protic conditions with polar solvents, the intermediacy of an episulfonium ion generated in non-polar solvents lead to a regioisomeric THF product.
Low-frequency radar sounding investigations of the North Amargosa Desert, Nevada: A potential analog of conductive subsurface environments on Mars

[1] Theoretical estimates of low-frequency radar sounding performance and its potential for mapping moist subsurface interfaces in conductive environments on Mars are controversial, with predictions of ultimate penetration depth ranging from a few meters to kilometers. To address this issue, we conducted a broadband electromagnetic field survey in which we combined ground penetrating radar (GPR) operating at multiple low frequencies with the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) to investigate the dependence of radar penetration depth on ground resistivity. Surveys were performed in the frequency range 16–100 MHz at two locations on the northwest margin of the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, where numerous Mars-analog investigations have been performed. The surveys were conducted on a 20-m-high homogenous sand dune and on the flanks of a 20-m-high scoria cone and above a buried lava flow. A wet alluvial interface was located at the bottom of each structure. GPR detected the wet alluvium contact at the base of the sand dune, but failed to penetrate to the same depth at the scoria cone under similar residual moisture content. Depths of investigation for both the scoria cone and the buried lava flow were limited to approximately 10 m owing to the presence of conductive inclusions in the first few meters, which are below the radar resolution but dramatically decreased the dynamic of the radar-backscattered echoes and hence the penetration depth. Absorption models constrained by the TEM data are in good agreement with these observations. Depths of investigation varied weakly with frequency owing to substantial, frequency-independent absorption.
Labour, Production and the State: Decentralization of the French Automobile Industry

OBERHAUSER A. (1987) Labour, production and the state: decentralization of the French automobile industry, Reg. Studies 21, 445–458. This paper analyses the influence of the production process and state intervention on the spatial organization of the automobile industry in France since 1950. During this period, the state intervened in industrial production and labour relations to maintain economic acitivity in domestic regions. The production process occurred in two phases, Fordism and neo-Fordism, and is linked with the changing wage relation between labour and capital. Under Fordism, the automobile industry decentralized to peripheral French regions in compliance with its expanding production and shifting labour requirements. Under neo-Fordism, production was modified in response to the increasing internationalization of capital and the new division of labour. This transformation led to the spatial reorganization of the French automobile industry whereby investment increasingly shifted from domestic to ...
The effect of intermolecular interaction on the asymmetry stretching vibration of CS2

Abstract A quantitative interpretation of the 13C/12C vapor pressure isotope effect (VPIE) in CS2 indicates that the frequency shift on condensation in the asymmetric stretching mode, υ3, to be ascribed to the effect of intermolecular forces is 13 ±3 cm−1. When combined with the spectroscopically observed shift, 27cm−1, a soundly based value for the “dielectric correction” for this absorption band is obtained. The result is of interest, and indicates that thermodynamic data on isotope effects can be used to test this aspect of spectroscopic theory.
BLOOD FLOW AND ABSORPTION FROM THE RUMEN

Blood flow to the ruminoreticular epithelium varies cyclically with feeding. Within this range the absorption of rapidly penetrating solutes will be dependent on the blood flow. For HTO absorption, the most satisfactory model suggests the involvement of a countercurrent exchanger behind the epithelium. The consequences of this arrangement are presented, and are qualitatively consistent with known effects of solute absorption on net water movement. The control mechanisms for net water absorption are not fully identified. The observed blood flows in the splanchnic region raise interesting questions of functional changes in the omasum and fat.
Vitamin E treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: results of an open-label study.

Experimental data indicate that excessive production of reactive oxygen molecules contributes to progressive renal injury and that treatment with antioxidants attenuates this damage. Therefore, we investigated whether vitamin E supplementation could ameliorate renal disease and reduce proteinuria in children with a variety of kidney disorders. Vitamin E, 200 IU twice daily, was administered orally to 11 children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (group A) and 9 patients with miscellaneous kidney diseases (group B) [Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (n=3), urinary tract anomalies (n=2), non-specific immune complex glomerulonephritis (n=2), IgA nephropathy (n=1), and reflux nephropathy (n=1)]. The duration of vitamin E treatment, when no other therapy was introduced, was 2.9±0.4 months. Proteinuria was determined by measuring the protein:creatinine ratio (mg/mg) in an early morning urine specimen. In children with FSGS, administration of vitamin E lowered the protein:creatinine ratio in 10 of 11 patients from 9.7±5.1 to 4.1±1.1 (P<0.005). In contrast, among children with miscellaneous renal diseases, vitamin E had no beneficial impact on urinary protein excretion-protein:creatinine ratio 2.5±1.0 pre versus 2.4±1.2 post antioxidant. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, or cholesterol concentration in either group of patients. These findings suggest that reactive oxygen molecules may play a more-prominent role in causing renal injury in patients with FSGS than in other kidney disorders. Antioxidant therapy may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of children with FSGS and proteinuria that is refractory to standard medical management.
Static and dynamic calculation of formation fluid displacement induced by hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulically fracturing a geological formation results in the displacement of the fluids that are distributed within the formation in response to fracturing fluid loss and poroelasticity effects. This process will limit the application of hydraulic fracturing in conjunction with groundwater contamination remediation if the resulting fluid displacement translates to deleterious mobilization of the target contaminants. A dynamic solution for determining the fluid displacement accompanying hydraulic fracturing is developed and compared to a simpler, static solution. The static solution is shown to be adequate for characteristic formation and fracture treatment parameters.
Inert Anodes for the Hall-Heroult Cell: the Ultimate Materials Challenge

Inert anodes have been considered for years to be the future of aluminum production. Research is continuing on materials that would best serve that purpose. Results of studies on three possible materials are presented in this paper: ceramics, cermets, and metals. At this time, metals appear to be the most suitable material for inert anodes.
An O(n2log n) time algorithm for the MinMax angle triangulation

We show that a triangulation of a set of n points in the plane that minimizes the maximum angle can be computed in time O(n2 log n) and space O(n). In the same amount of time and space we can also handle the constrained case where edges are prescribed. The algorithm iteratively improves an arbitrary initial triangulation and is fairly easy to implement.
Performances of DFT methods implemented in G09 for simulations of the dispersion-dominated CH-π in ligand–protein complex: A case study with glycerol-GDH

Abstract In this study, calculations of the dispersion-dominated CH-π interaction in the transition state of glycerol-dehydratase complex have been performed using 56 standalone functionals, other 325 separate pure generalized gradient approximation (GGA) density functional theory (DFT) functionals, MP2, and CCSD(T) methods. The calculation results showed that the ability of DFT methods to recover correlation energy does vary significantly from method to method. Compared with the interaction solvation corrected energy of −0.25 kcal/mol and −0.66 kcal/mol from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ and CCSD(T)/CBS respectively, PW91B95, M06, M06L, and M06HF give close results of −0.20, −0.28, −0.36, and −0.45 kcal/mol respectively. However, the most popular B3LYP provides interaction energy of 2.18 kcal/mol, which is evidently deviated from the results calculated from other methods. Interaction energies calculated using the 156 separate GGA functionals are significantly improved by adding long range correction. All DFT SMD solvation energies range from 0.34 to 0.57 kcal/mol, which are comparable with the solvation energy of 0.46 kcal/mol from CCSD(T) calculation. The CH-π orientation obtained from QM/MM simulations shows a dependence on the DFT method applied in the quantum region. Among all the obtained CH-π geometries, those obtained from QM(wB97)/MM, QM(wB97XD)/MM, QM(M062X)/MM, QM(wB97X)/MM, QM(M06HF)/MM, and QM(M06)/MM methods represent the most accurate outcomes in comparison to that optimized with QM(MP2/6-31G * )/MM ONIOM simulation. Our results provide insights about how to efficiently use DFT methods in the dispersion dominated system and may aid in the development of new DFT functional to better address the correlated component of inter-molecular interaction.
There aren't going to be any bakeries here if there is no money to afford jellyrolls: the organic theory of community based development

Community based development organizations — CBDOs — are nonprofit developers whose mandate is to revitalize communities devastated by broader transformations in the economy. While best known for their work in building homes and commercial properties in poor communities, CBDOs accomplish more. This article presents theories put forth by community activists of what community development is about beyond doing bricks and mortar projects. While guiding the work of CBDOs, these theories also speak to the conceptual issues that scholars of community development term the ‘dilemmas of activism.’
Essential Spectra of a Class of Elliptic Operators

On determine le spectre essentiel d'une classe d'operateurs elliptiques de type Schrodinger. Pour controler les perturbations on utilise la limitation et la compacite des operateurs pseudo-differentiels relies
Gender differences in narcissism and courtship violence in dating couples.

The current study explored the relationship between courtship violence and the exploitativeness/entitlement factor of overt narcissism, covert narcissism, and sexual narcissism. Data were analyzed from 63 currently dating couples on their own and partner’s aggression using the CTS2. All were white, heterosexual students from a small US college in Central Pennsylvania. An interdependence analysis showed that correlations were entirely explained at the individual-level, thus demonstrating that gender is a key element in understanding narcissism and courtship violence. For women, exploitativeness/ entitlement was significantly correlated with sexual coercion in both dating partners. For men, covert narcissism was correlated with physical assault and sexual narcissism was correlated with their partner’s sexual coercion. Narcissism also influenced some discrepancies in self- and partner-rated aggression.
Courage, Careers, and Comrades: Theodore Roosevelt and the United States Army Officer Corps

Theodore Roosevelt made reform of the U.S. Army Officer Corps a priority during his presidency. He felt compelled to act because of the problems that the army experienced during the war with Spain. As a volunteer soldier, Roosevelt had witnessed the shortcomings of many of the top-ranking officers in meeting the physical and organizational demands of the fighting, but he also acted because he wanted high-minded, intelligent, and physically fit leaders who could inspire his fellow citizens to a greater sense of duty in post-frontier America. Roosevelt's efforts to promote promising army officers to top commands and mandate physical fitness standards would prove disruptive, as he elevated officers out of the normal line of promotion. These practices would, in turn, generate protests in Congress and from within the military. The resulting controversies would cause Roosevelt to fall short of his goals for improving army leadership, roil civil-military relations, and demonstrate his limits as a political leader.
Common sense in philosophical and scientific perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the philosophical and scientific pedigree of the concept of “common sense”, and explore the implications for managerial decision‐makers.Design/methodology/approach – After examining the management literature on this topic, a brief history of the notion and philosophy of common sense is followed by a review of recent findings in cognitive science and other fields and a discussion of implications for managerial decision‐making.Findings – The notion of common sense has a stable perceptual basis in the makeup of the human mind, as has been shown by philosophers and scientists. Common sense intuitions serve as the basis for making sense of the world: visual perception, scientific reasoning, language, psychology, mathematics, and moral judgments are all rooted in “mental hardware” of common sense. While it is a necessary element of human cognition, common sense can nevertheless lead us astray if we are unaware of its contours and limitations,...
Industrial customer response to wholesale prices in the restructured Texas electricity market

Abstract This paper estimates the demand responsiveness of the 20 largest industrial energy consumers in the Houston area to wholesale price signals in the restructured Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) market. Statistical analysis of their load patterns employing a Symmetric Generalized McFadden cost function model suggests that ERCOT achieved limited success in establishing a market that facilitates demand response from the largest industrial energy consumers in the Houston area to wholesale price signals in its second year of retail competition. The muted price response is at least partially because energy consumers who opt to offer their “interruptibility” to the market as an ancillary service are constrained in their ability to respond to wholesale energy prices.
Room temperature electroluminescence from light-emitting diodes based on In0.5Ga0.5As/GaP self-assembled quantum dots

Room-temperature electroluminescence from In0.5Ga0.5As/GaP(001) self-assembled quantum dot light emitting diodes is demonstrated. Output light versus input current measurements indicate that stacking multiple periods of self-assembled quantum dots can substantially increase the electroluminescence intensity. Aside from potential applications in transparent-substrate light emitting diodes, InxGa1-xAs/GaP self-assembled quantum dots could be a possible candidate for monolithic integration of optoelectronics with Si due to recent advances in the growth of high-quality GaP on Si.
Adult Human Nasal Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells Restore Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons After Experimental Lesion

A loss of sensory hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons from the inner ear causes deafness, affecting millions of people. Currently, there is no effective therapy to repair the inner ear sensory structures in humans. Cochlear implantation can restore input, but only if auditory neurons remain intact. Efforts to develop stem cell-based treatments for deafness have demonstrated progress, most notably utilizing embryonic-derived cells. In an effort to bypass limitations of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells that may impede the translation to clinical applications, we sought to utilize an alternative cell source. Here, we show that adult human mesenchymal-like stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal tissue can repair spiral ganglion loss in experimentally lesioned cochlear cultures from neonatal rats. Stem cells engraft into gentamicin-lesioned organotypic cultures and orchestrate the restoration of the spiral ganglion neuronal population, involving both direct neuronal differentiation and secondary effects on endogenous cells. As a physiologic assay, nasal MSC-derived cells engrafted into lesioned spiral ganglia demonstrate responses to infrared laser stimulus that are consistent with those typical of excitable cells. The addition of a pharmacologic activator of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway concurrent with stem cell treatment promoted robust neuronal differentiation. The availability of an effective adult autologous cell source for inner ear tissue repair should contribute to efforts to translate cell-based strategies to the clinic.
Games of Timing Theoretical Protocol Development and Performance Analysis for Missile Defense

The games of timing theory enforcing optimal timing intervals and two optimal strategies will be expressed as the following two software theory generated protocols. The two optimal strategy software protocols are first, the battle manager must optimally allocate sensor and weapon systems with the threat launch events. This Internal Battle Manager Decision Optimization(BMDO) Protocol requires the threat constraints of (1) perceived threat inventory, (2) threat missile, and (3) ground asset being attacked. The theoretical generation of the games of timing optimal timing intervals and the two optimal strategies are derived realizing risk management equations within the BMDO Protocol optimization constraints solutions. Invariant Imbedding is the mathematical concept required to contain the BMDO Protocol within the Kernel of the games of timing optimal strategy and optimal timing interval solution to achieve the second and final optimal strategy protocol, the Optimal Battle Manager Decision(OBMD) Protocol. The performance analysis of the OBMD Protocol for constraints and requirements on processor capability and timeliness on a Network Centric Star Topology Architecture is also described for the two Models, Model 1 Mid-course Engagement scenario, and Model 2 Ascent Phase in the Target Trajectory.
Relationship between plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory and sialyltransferase activities

Previously we have shown that the measurable soluble sialyltransferase (STase) activity released into the medium during the incubation of rat jejunal slices was dependent upon the presence of a heparin-binding fraction (HBF) from heat-inactivated serum or a trypsin-binding protein (TBP) isolated from HBF. Both HBF and TBP were able to inhibit trypsin and plasmin. The measurement of galactosyltransferase (GTase) activity which was also released in incubations was not dependent on HBF or TBP. The present study is directed towards further exploring the relationship between STase activity and protease inhibitory activity. Heat-inactivated serum from turpentine-treated rats (HTS), had higher plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory (HTS) activities compared to heat-inactivated serum from control rats (HCS). When HTS was used to supplement jejunal incubations, there was a 25-40% increase in the measurable STase activity in the incubation medium compared to similar incubations carried out in buffer alone. In contrast, with HCS the increase was 10-15%. During incubations with hepatocytes, STase activity detected in the incubation medium was increased with the incubation buffer was supplemented with HTS compared to incubations supplemented with HCS. Serum antiproteolytic activity was higher in turpentine rats compared to controls. Incubation of serum at 37 degrees C led to a progressive decrease in plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory and STase activities. TBP a plasmin and trypsin inhibitor was able to prevent the decrease in STase activity. Overall, serum STase activity was higher in the turpentine treated rats. In contrast, GTPase activity in serum as well as that detected in the medium during jejunal and hepatocyte incubations was not dependent on protease inhibitory activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
National Bureau of Standards coal flyash (SRM 1633a) as a multielement standard for instrumental neutron activation analysis

The (U. S.) National Bureau of Standards standard reference material 1633a (coal flyash) was standardized for the concentrations of 29 elements against chemical standards by instrumental neutron activation analysis. United States Geological Survey basalt standard BCR-1 was analyzed concurrently as a check. SRM 1633a is a good multielement comparator standard for geochemical analysis for 25 of the elements analyzed and is a better standard than rock-powder SRMs commonly used. Analytical data for USGS DTS-1, PCC-1, GSP-1, BIR-1, DNC-1, and W-2; NBS SRMs 278 and 688; and GIT-IWG (French) anorthosite AN-G are also presented.
Raman scattering study of the liquid crystal PPU

Raman spectra of the liquid crystal PPU [p-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)-phenyl undecylenate] have been measured as a function of temperature covering all phases. A pronounced hysteresis which involves a new state has been observed during the crystalline-nematic transition. The Raman intensities in the nematic phase show a temperature dependence in the presence of an external magnetic field.
An Autoassociative Neural Network Model of Paired-Associate Learning

Hebbian heteroassociative learning is inherently asymmetric. Storing a forward association, from item A to item B, enables recall of B (given A), but does not permit recall of A (given B). Recurrent networks can solve this problem by associating A to B and B back to A. In these recurrent networks, the forward and backward associations can be differentially weighted to account for asymmetries in recall performance. In the special case of equal strength forward and backward weights, these recurrent networks can be modeled as a single autoassociative network where A and B are two parts of a single, stored pattern. We analyze a general, recurrent neural network model of associative memory and examine its ability to fit a rich set of experimental data on human associative learning. The model fits the data significantly better when the forward and backward storage strengths are highly correlated than when they are less correlated. This network-based analysis of associative learning supports the view that associations between symbolic elements are better conceptualized as a blending of two ideas into a single unit than as separately modifiable forward and backward associations linking representations in memory.
Joint Commission primary stroke center certification does not affect proband enrollment: the siblings with ischemic stroke study.

Background The Joint Commission (JC) certifies primary stroke centers in the United States. Whether certification promotes enrollment of study subjects into stroke research studies is not known. We examined whether enrollment performance of centers was related to JC certification status. Methods The 51 US Siblings with Ischemic Stroke Study (SWISS) centers were characterized by JC certification status, year of certification, year initiated into SWISS, center location, and whether the center had a vascular/stroke neurology fellowship program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Performance measures included days elapsed from initiation to first enrollment, total enrollments within 12 months after initiation, and annual rate of enrollment thereafter. Results In all, 36 of 51 SWISS sites (71%) were JC certified. A total of 32 (63%) were initiated into the study from 2000 through 2002, and 19 (37%) were initiated from 2005 through May 2008. Comparison of certified and noncertified sites showed no significant difference in the time to first enrollment (median, 77.5 v 115 days; P = .90), total enrollees in the first year (median, 3 v 2 probands; P = .69), or annual enrollment rate (median, 1.9 v 1.8 probands; P = .72). The rate of enrollment or time to first enrollment was not different between 2000-to-2002 and 2005-to-2008 sites. Early-initiated centers tended to have better year-1 enrollment than later-initiated centers (3 v 2 probands; P = .056). Conclusions JC certification did not have a significant effect on SWISS center enrollment. The JC should encourage the research mission among certified stroke centers.