cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION DAMPING.

Descriptions are presented of two different analyses in which systems which radiate gravitational waves are damped.
Substrate specificity of cotton glyoxysomal enoyl-CoA hydratase

The conversion of fatty acids to hexoses during postgerminative growth of oil seeds involves the coordinated activities of P-oxidation, glyoxylate cycle, and glycolytic enzymes [I]. The least-studied segment of this gluconeogenic pathway has been P-oxidation. We have described the development and subcellular localization of P-oxidation activity in cotyledons of cotton seeds [2]. A discrepancy noted between the in vitro enzyme activities and the in vivo rate of lipid mobilization [2] led us to examine the effects of acyl-chain length and pH on in vitro activities of the b-oxidation enzymes. This report describes the substrate specificity of cotton glyoxysomal enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17). (Milwaukee WI). The preparation of trans-2-butenoylCoA from crotonic anhydride and free CoA has been described [2]. puns-2-Hexenoic acid was purchased from Fluka AC, truns-2-octenoic acid from Aldrich Chemical Co (Milwaukee WI), frans-2-decenoic acid from Fairfield Chemical Co. (Blythewood SC) and Duns-2hexadecenoic acid from ICN Pharmaceuticals (Plainview NY). Synthesis of trans-2-dodecenoic and tnzns-2-tetradecenoic acids was as in [7]. All acids were purified by recrystallization from light petroleum (60-90°C b.p.); additionally, Cl* and longer acids were precipitated with perchorate. Alkenoyl-CoAs were prepared by the mixed anhydride method in [8]. Substrate concentrations were determined from A263 [91.
Oxidative coupling of methane with La2O3–CeO2 nanofiber fabrics: A reaction engineering study

Abstract The effects of changes in various operating conditions were explored on the performance of an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using La 2 O 3 –CeO 2 nanofiber fabric catalysts in a packed bed reactor. The operating conditions were: 1 atm pressure, CH 4 /O 2 ratio 4–7, feed flow rate 80–320 sccm, catalyst loading 5–20 mg, feed gas temperature 300–620 °C. These studies revealed that the rates of the OCM reaction is largely dominated by mass transfer limitations as evidenced by increases in reactor bed temperatures with increasing feed flow rates. C 2+ selectivities and yields of up to 70% and 18% respectively were also attained. Experiments with different catalyst loadings indicated that short catalytic beds are preferred for increasing C 2+ selectivities in OCM reactors.
Task Scheduling on Multiprocessors for Power System Problems

The paper describes a technique f or estimating the minimum execution time of an algorithm or a mix of algorithms on a multiprocessor. Some changes to the multiprocessor structure to further reduce the execution time are identified.
Fourier analysis of schwarz alternating methods for piecewise hermite bicubic orthogonal spline collocation

The rates of convergence of two Schwarz alternating methods are analyzed for the iterative solution of a discrete problem which arises when orthogonal spline collocation with piecewise Hermite bicubics is applied to the Dirichlet problem for Poisson's equation on a rectangle. In the first method, the rectangle is divided into two overlapping subrectangles, while three overlapping subrectangles are used in the second method. Fourier analysis is used to obtain explicit formulas for the convergence factors by which theH 1-norm of the errors is reduced in one iteration of the Schwarz methods. It is shown numerically that while these factors depend on the size of overlap, they are independent of the partition stepsize. Results of numerical experiments are presented which confirm the established rates of convergence of the Schwarz methods.
Role of Ser289 in RARγ and Its Homologous Amino Acid Residue of RARα and RARβ in the Binding of Retinoic Acid

The biological actions of retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARα, -β, and -γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXRα, -β, and -γ). Although the ligand-binding domains of RARs and RXRs have been suggested to share the same novel folding pattern, the ligand-binding pockets of each of the retinoid receptors must have unique structural features since it has been possible to develop RAR subtype-selective and RXR-selective retinoids. We have previously demonstrated the importance for RA binding and RA-dependent transactivation of Arg276 in RARα and Arg278 in RARγ; however, in RARβ Arg269 functions in conjunction with Lys220. Here we have examined the role of the hydroxyl group of RARγ Ser289 and its homologous amino acid residues in RARα (Ser287) and RARβ (Ser280) alone and in conjunction with their respective RARγ Arg278 homologs for RA binding and RA-dependent transactivation activity. The hydroxyl group of this Ser in all three RARs was found by itself not to be important for RA binding and RA-dependent transactivation activity. However, in RARα and RARγ this Ser appears to play a small role in conjunction with Arg276 and Arg278, respectively, for these activities. Alternatively, strong synergism was observed in RARβ between Ser280 and Arg269 for RA-binding and RA-dependent transactivation activity. This provides further evidence that the mechanism of interaction between the carboxylate group of retinoids and the amino acid residues in the ligand binding pocket of RARβ is different from that of RARα and RARγ.
On determining the large-scale ocean circulation from satellite altimetry

It is contended that a spherical harmonic expansion of the difference between the altimeter-derived mean sea surface and the geoid estimate should reveal the large-scale circulation of the ocean surface layer when the low-degree terms are examined. Methods based on this principle are proposed and partially demonstrated over the Pacific Ocean with the aid of the mean sea surface derived from the Seasat altimeter and the Goddard Earth Model 9 earth gravity model. The preliminary results reveal a well-defined clockwise gyre in the North Pacific and a much less well defined counterclockwise gyre in the South Pacific. When the dynamic topography thus obtained is compared with Wyrtki's (1975) dynamic topography derived from hydrographic data, the agreement is found to be within the limit of geoid uncertainties and satellite orbital errors.
Methane production and sulfate reduction in two Appalachian peatlands

Anaerobic carbon mineralization was evaluated over a 1-year period in two Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, Big Run Bog, West Virginia, and Buckle's Bog, Maryland. In the top 35 cm of peat, mean rates of methane production, anaerobic carbon dioxide production, and sulfate reduction at Big Run Bog were 63,406 and 146 μmol L-1 d-1, respectively, and at Buckle's Bog were 18, 486 and 104 μmol L-1 d-1. Annual anaerobic carbon mineralization to methane and carbon dioxide at Big Run Bog and Buckle's Bog was 52.8 and 57.2 mol m-2, respectively. Rates of methane production were similar to rates reported for other freshwater peatlands, but methane production accounted for only 11.7 and 2.8%, respectively, of the total anaerobic carbon mineralization at these two sites. Carbon dioxide production, resulting substantially from sulfate reduction, dominated anaerobic carbon mineralization. Considerable sulfate reduction despite low instantaneous dissolved sulfate concentrations (typically < 300 μmol L-1 of substrate) was apparently fueled by oxidation and rapid turnover of the reduced inorganic sulfur pool. The coincidence of high sulfate inputs to the Big Run Bog and Buckle's Bog watersheds through acid precipitation with the unexpected importance of sulfate reduction leads us to suggest a new hypothesis: peatlands not receiving high sulfate loading should exhibit low rates of anaerobic decomposition, and a predominance of methane production over sulfate reduction; however, if such peatlands become subjected to high rates of sulfur deposition, sulfate reduction may be enhanced as an anaerobic mineralization pathway with attendant effects on carbon balance and peat accumulation.
Mechanically Induced Amorphization of Drugs: A Study of the Thermal Behavior of Cryomilled Compounds

The purpose of this work was to determine what aspect of the milled compound influences its thermal profile. For this, six different compounds with different properties were chosen and cryomilled for different times to get an amorphous solid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the material and look at the thermal behavior. Melt-quenched samples were also prepared, and the thermal profile upon milling was determined and correlated with the thermal behavior of the cryomilled samples. Growth rates were determined by hot-stage microscopy. Ketoconazole, when cryomilled, showed only one crystallization exotherm in the DSC profile. Ursodiol, and to some extent indomethacin, initially showed a double exotherm which eventually become a single exotherm on further milling. Griseofulvin, carbamazepine, and piroxicam exhibited a double exotherm in the DSC profile upon cryomilling to the amorphous state. Surface crystal growth rates around Tg were found to be highest for compounds showing the double exotherm in the DSC. Thus, it was seen that compounds which have high surface crystallization tendency will exhibit the double exotherm during heating.
Optimal temperature variable selection by grouping approach for thermal error modeling and compensation

Abstract One of the difficult issues in a thermal error compensation scheme is to select appropriate temperature variables as well as to obtain accurate thermal error component models. In this research, an optimization method is presented to overcome this difficulty. The optimization objective function is formulated by a modified model adequacy criterion based on the Mallows' C p statistic. A new search method is developed for discrete search domains with non-directional or unknown-order variables. The search process includes correlation grouping, representative searching, group searching and variable searching. It not only ensures optimal results but also reduces computational time greatly. One modeling example is presented. The optimal model is found with a 0.982 R 2 -value using four temperature variables selected from 46 candidates of temperature variables. The largest error residual is reduced down to 2.2 microns from 20.0 microns. The comparison of modeling results from the proposed approach and three other modeling methods is addressed as well.
THE EFFECT OF 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL ON MURINE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURES

Mouse spleen cells which have been depleted of adherent cells do not respond to allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro. Their cytotoxic response can be restored by inclusion of mercaptoethanol in the medium. Mercaptoethanol is shown to have a stimulatory effect also on the response of normal (unseparated) spleen cells to alloantigens. The enhancement of the DNA-synthetic and cytotoxic response is similar, varying from 3.5–15-fold. Cytotoxic cells also appear in unmixed lymphocyte cultures in the presence of mercaptoethanol and fetal calf serum. The specificity of these background cytotoxic cells is not known.
Monoclonal idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies produced by immunization with peptides specified by a region of human myelin basic protein mRNA and its complement

Abstract Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) selective for an idiotope on a monoclonal antibody (IgG 1 /kappa) to human myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide 80–89 were prepared by immunization with a synthetic decapeptide specified by RNA that is complementary to the mRNA for human MBP peptide 80–89. The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-ID) reacted with the MAb to human MBP peptide 80–89 but not with a MAb to bovine MBP peptide 79–88 or to murine myeloma IgG 1 . The reaction between the monoclonal anti-ID and the MAb to the human MBP peptide 80–89 could be inhibited by human MBP peptide 80–89 and to a more limited degree with human MBP peptide 76–85 and bovine MBP peptide 79–88, but not by human MBP peptides 69–81 and 85–96. Practically, the use of a complementary peptide for stimulating an anti-ID response permits a more selective and feasible method for peparing anti-ID reagents. Theoretically, these results provide further support for the molecular basis of the network hypothesis.
Effects of the presence of a home-chamber target on experimental-session attack

Abstract A pigeon showed similar high rates of attack in the presence and absence of a fixed-time 90-sec food schedule, thus, raising the question of whether the attack was schedule-induced. The subsequent availability of a home-chamber target reduced the level of attack in both schedule and no-schedule sessions but did not alter the similarity of response rates in these conditions. The level of attack during a 25-min session was approximately the same as that during 15.5 hr in the home chamber. It was substantially greater than that during any 25-min period within the home chamber including the period following the daily feeding in a no-session condition. It is suggested that initially the attack was schedule-induced and then became conditioned to the experimental chamber. Implications of this interpretation are discussed as is the relevance of the methodology to studies of other adjunctive behaviors.
The bittersweet truth about sugar labeling regulations: they are achievable and overdue.

The recent Institute of Medicine recommendation to the Food and Drug Administration to include added sugar in a new front-of-package system provides new justification for reviewing outdated regulations pertinent to sugar and analyzing whether the government’s previous resistance to sugar labeling remains valid given new and robust science.I have provided an overview of US sugar consumption, its public health implications, and the science related to added sugar detection. I reviewed US and international sugar intake recommendations and suggested revised regulations to better inform and protect consumers.I concluded by noting new directions in the area of sugar research for future public health policy.
The influence of friction stir processing parameters on microstructure of as-cast NiAl bronze

The influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters on the evolution of microstructure in an equilibrium-cooled, as-cast NiAl bronze (NAB) material was evaluated by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. A threaded pin tool was employed and tool rotation and traversing rates were varied in order to examine the spatial variation of stir zone microstructures in relation to FSP parameters. For processing at low rotation and traversing rates, the microstructure throughout the stir zone consists of elongated and banded grains of the primary α and transformation products of the β phase. Such microstructures reflect severe deformation at temperatures up to ∼900 °C in the α+β two-phase region for this NAB material. Increasing rotation and traversing rates, coarse Widmanstatten α near the surface in contact with the tool became apparent. The appearance of this constituent reflects nearly complete transformation to β during FSP with peak temperatures of ∼1000 °C. Also, complex stir zone flow patterns, often referred to as onion ring structures, become distinct in the mid regions of the stir zones as rotation and traversing rates increase. Schematic representations illustrating the effect of FSP parameters on thermal cycles at various locations in stir zones were prepared based on microstructure observations. Thus, processing at higher rotation and traversing rates results in higher peak temperatures near the surface in contact with the tool but also in steeper temperature gradients when compared to lower rotation and traversing rates.
Education and poverty reduction in the periphery: Can the new development assistance model achieve its goals in lao peoples democratic republic?

Although there has been dramatic economic development in parts of Asia approximately one-third of the Asian population live in poverty. In response to the persistence of poverty a new international development assistance model supported by the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and many other international agencies is emerging with a major focus on alleviation of po paper will examine educational implications of the new model in one of Asia’s poorest countries, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. Attention is given to: (1) the changing social, economic and policy contexts within which Lao education functions; (2) the strategic concepts associated with the model of poverty reduction; (3) two potential scenarios of propoor educational change; and (4) assessment of the feasibility of each scenario in increasing the equality of educational and social opportunities for the poor.
Octamer function in the chicken lambda immunoglobulin light chain promoter

The chicken immunoglobulin (Ig) lambda light chain promoter contains an octamer motif (-106) and a TATA box (-70). Two lymphoid cell lines, DT40 (B-cell line) and MSB1 (T-cell line), were used to test the activity of the germline promoter and the function of the octamer motif. The promoter was functional only in B cells in the presence of SV40 enhancer. Mutation of the octamer motif eliminated the transcriptional activity of the Ig promoter. These results suggest that the chicken Ig promoter functions similarly to mammalian Ig promoters in that it plays a role in tissue specificity and requires both an enhancer and an intact octamer motif for activity.
Interactive Shape Generation and Spatial Conflict Testing

A general purpose, research oriented, interactive modeling system is presented. It is based on two different coherent polyhedral shape representations: a planar graph, used for computation and data manipulation, and a relational-database for compact store and general communication with application programs. The two representations effectively partition the system shape-space into active and inactive shapes, respectively. These are explicitly interchangeable by the user, keeping the actual workspace at a manageable size. The basic functionalities provided by the system include the combination of primitive shapes into complex objects by means of spatial set operators (union, intersection and difference), their modeling by means of scaling, rotation and translation, spatial interference detection and graphical display capabilities.
1.3.3 Technical Baseline Repair

Text books provide guidance on how Systems Engineering should be done. Multiple papers and reports provide statistics and dissections of Systems Engineering related program failures. Few papers discuss how to bring programs back from a self perpetuating Systems Engineering downward spiral. This paper provides real world examples of how major legacy programs facing schedule slips, funding overruns and customer dissatisfaction, choose not to become a failure statistic and instead developed fiscally realistic solutions to successfully repair fractured, neglected, contested, and inconsistent technical requirement baselines.
The World Trade Center disaster: a tragic source of medical advancement

The history of medicine is full of examples of the determination of scientists when faced with public health disasters. As a result of this strength, many tragedies that occurred in the 20th century were followed by important scientific developments. If World War I marked the advent of chemical weapons, it also provided respiratory specialists with knowledge about the effects of poisonous gases on the lungs and led to the development of the first practical gas mask for mass production. The increased use of aircraft in warfare during World War II prompted Forrest M. Bird to develop oxygen masks to enable pilots to fly at higher altitudes than ever before. Further improvements of this technology led to the invention of the first modern ventilators, such as the Bird Universal Medical Respirator. The legacy of the Vietnam War to the medical field was the identification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (called Da Nang Lung at that time), by Colorado researchers in 1967 [1]. Other tragedies, such as the 1986 catastrophic nuclear accident of Chernobyl, led to a better understanding of the physiology of radiation poisoning, which had been evolving since the Hiroshima bombing, and helped improve treatment for victims of other disasters. There were advances in the creation of sterile hospital rooms, infection prevention, intravenous transfusion, life support systems, plasmapheresis, platelet transfusion, and bone marrow transplants. The dawn of the 21st century saw another tragedy that will remain in the memory of many generations to come: the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in New York City, NY, …
Social Support, Life Events, and Depression During Pregnancy and the Puerperium

• A sample of 99 women was studied prospectively from the second trimester of pregnancy until nine weeks post partum. Depressed and nondepressed women identified at (1) the second-trimester assessment and (2) the postpartum assessment were compared on measures of stressful life events and social support provided by their spouses and close confidants. Nine percent of women during pregnancy and 12% of women after delivery were depressed. Women experiencing postpartum depression reported more stressful life events and less support from their spouses after delivery than the women not experiencing postpartum depression. Women experiencing depression during pregnancy reported somewhat less support from their spouses and more support from their confidants than nondepressed women. The results of the study suggest that different causes may be responsible for prepartum and postpartum depression.
Self-defense against verbal assault: shame, anger, and the social bond

With many years of experience and refinement, the arts of self-defense against physical assault are highly developed. Without an effective theory and and a useful practice, there is little in the way of self-defense against verbal assault. For THEORY, I draw upon ideas from aikido, family systems theory, and the sociology of emotions. Since unacknowledged shame seems to generate rage and damage social bonds, I emphasize the management of shame, anger, and bonds. To illustrate the meaning of these principles, I offer several episodes as examples, using the METHOD of discourse analysis. I apply this theory and method to the PRACTICE of psychotherapy by describing some rudimentary principles of defense of self against verbal aggression, especially the subtle aggression of innuendo. Psychotherapy is often an arena of verbal aggression by both therapist and client, even though it is usually unintentional and outside of awareness.
Masowe Migration: A Quest for Liberation in the African Diaspora

This article shows how the Shona-speaking prophet Johane Masowe (1914–1973) adapted Christianity to the difficult human conditions that forced him and his followers to migrate from Zimbabwe during the economic depression of the 1930s. It suggests that the prophet Johane constructs a distinctly African theology of liberation by using the Exodus as symbolic language expressive of human suffering and hope for the redemption of African victims of oppression. The Exodus is used to legitimate Johane's migration from his rural home, Gandanzara, to Harare, Bulawayo and across the border to different cities in southern, central, and east Africa where Masowe Apostles are found today. This article goes beyond the analysis of texts that theologians traditionally use to explain Christianity, to the lived experiences of people addressing problems of displacement through migratory behavior.
Climate change effects on vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire in California

The objective of this study was to dynamically simulate the response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to the historical climate and to two contrasting scenarios of climate change in California. The results of the simulations for the historical climate compared favorably to independent estimates and observations, but validation of the results was complicated by the lack of land use effects in the model. The response to increasing temperatures under both scenarios was characterized by a shift in dominance from needle-leaved to broad-leaved life-forms and by increases in vegetation productivity, especially in the relatively cool and mesic regions of the state. The simulated response to changes in precipitation were complex, involving not only the effect of changes in soil moisture on vegetation productivity, but also changes in tree-grass competition mediated by fire. Summer months were warmer and persistently dry under both scenarios, so the trends in simulated fire area under both scenarios were primarily a response to changes in vegetation biomass. Total ecosystem carbon increased under both climate scenarios, but the proportions allocated to the wood and grass carbon pools differed. The results of the simulations underscore the potentially large impact of climate change on California eco- systems, and the need for further use and development of dynamic vegetation models using various ensembles of climate change scenarios.
GEMNET: a generalized, shuffle-exchange-based, regular, scalable, modular, multihop, WDM lightwave network

GEMNET is a generalization of shuffle-exchange networks and it can represent a family of network structures (including ShuffleNet and de Bruijn graph) for an arbitrary number of nodes. GEMNET employs a regular interconnection graph with highly desirable properties such as small nodal degree, simple routing, small diameter, and growth capability (viz. scalability). GEMNET can serve as a logical (virtual), packet-switched, multihop topology which can be employed for constructing the next generation of lightwave networks using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Various properties of GEMNET are studied. >
An object-oriented domain analysis and modeling method for software reuse

Describes an object-oriented domain analysis and modeling method for analyzing and modeling a family of systems. This method addresses the issues of how to represent an application domain by means of multiple views, and how to represent similarities and variations in the domain. The method also supports an approach for generating a target system specification from the domain model, given the requirements of an individual target system. The goal is to provide a more effective way of managing system evolution and addressing software reuse from a generation technology perspective. The method is illustrated by means of an example. >
Power spectra of temperature, humidity and refractive index from aircraft and tethered balloon measurements

Fifty-seven spectra of temperature, vapor pressure and refractive index were computed from captive balloon data taken at elevations up to 3000 feet MSL. Eight spectra of refractive index were obtained using an aircraft equipped with a microwave refractometer. It was found that atmospheric stability apparently has a pronounced effect on the variation of turbulent intensity with height. Although the spectra of all three parameters generally approach a -5/3 power law at high wave numbers, stability seems to have a controlling influence on spectral form at the low-frequency end of the wave number range studied. It is therefore concluded that methods of computing microwave scattered fields from the mean square dielectric perturbations and scale size obtained from the auto covariance are unreliable. The forms of the experimental auto covariances appear to be best represented by an exponential function or perhaps by a Modified Bessel Function of the second kind and 1/3 order. The temperature-humidity cospectrum may influence the shape of the refractive index spectrum, especially under unstable conditions. The equivalence of Eulerian space and time spectra is verified for refractive index by a series of aircraft-balloon fly-bys.
Porosity in bacterially induced carbonates: Focus on micropores

Bacteria are responsible for the precipitation and accumulation of some significant carbonate deposits; prime examples are hot spring travertine accumulations. Bacteria induce precipitation of carbonate minerals immediately surrounding their cell walls and, in doing so, entomb themselves within the crystals. Subsequently, a generation of abiotically precipitated clear spar commonly cements cell colonies as well as the initial bacterially induced carbonate. The relatively rapid decay of the bacterial fossils, consequently, results in localized abundances of unconnected microporosity. This submicron- to micron-size porosity is not normally detected by standardized porosity evaluations. These pore systems, which are especially abundant in hot spring travertine deposits, can influence density measurements and, therefore, any calculations in which density is a factor. The pores have been found to be abundant within different bacterially induced features, such as shrubs, peloids, and oncoids. Other forms of porosity common in hot spring travertines include shelter porosity, foam rock, and some highly irregular early dissolution of the carbonate caused by the abundance of nonmarine waters coursing through these rocks.
An Examination of Newness in Emerging Approaches to Counseling Intervention

In this reaction, we employ a critical lens as we evaluate three approaches to counseling intervention. In consideration of the assertion of the lead article’s authors that these approaches are novel and because of our fervent belief in the importance of establishing clear operationalizations, developing cogent theory to guide practice, and eliminating obfuscation, we offer several areas for consideration. We especially emphasize the importance of distinguishing original ideas from those that may be a repackaging of time-honored constructs rooted in earlier theories. We also seek clarification of ambiguous ideas. We offer our critique with the hope that the authors of this Major Contribution will continue to develop, refine, and enhance their work, and a critical discourse will ensue.
Cracking the Glass Ceiling—Keeping It Broken

In January 2001, the APSA Nominating Committee designated Theda Skocpol as president-elect of APSA, making Skocpol only the third women ever to hold this office. In April of the same year, the APSA Council passed a nonbinding resolution encouraging future APSA Nominating Committees to avoid choosing presidents-elect of the same gender for more than two years in a row. In February 2002, the APSA Nominating Committee shattered tradition by selecting Susanne Rudolph as president-elect, thus promising the first instance of two women-given a normal course of events-consecutively assuming the APSA presidency. These actions hold tremendous value, both symbolic and substantive, in widening the cracks in the glass ceiling for female professional political scientists. In this article, I describe how many people, together, worked to break the glass ceiling. I then propose a program designed to increase gender equality within APSA as a professional association.
Harm reduction and cessation efforts and interest in cessation resources among survivors of smoking-related cancers

Purpose Despite the well-established risks associated with persistent smoking, many cancer survivors who were active smokers at the time of cancer diagnosis continue to smoke. In order to guide the development of tobacco cessation interventions for cancer survivors, a better understanding is needed regarding post-diagnosis quitting efforts. Thus, we examined quitting and reduction efforts and interest in cessation resources among cancer survivors who self-identified as current smokers at the time of diagnosis.
Asymmetric rotational (circling) behavior, a dopamine-related asymmetry: Preliminary findings in unmedicated and never-medicated schizophrenic patients

Circling behavior is one of the best understood behaviors in animals. It is, for the most part, dopaminergically mediated and related to asymmetry in dopaminergic activity between the left and right basal ganglia or left and right frontal cortex. As a rule, animals rotate toward the hemisphere with lower striatal dopaminergic activity. A direct technique to find human analogs of circling behavior was not available. We have developed an automated rotometer with which we can apply the circling rodent model to humans. Left-prone circling behavior (neglect of right-sided turning) was found in 10 unmedicated schizophrenic patients, whereas 85 normal controls demonstrated almost equal right and left turning. These preliminary results may suggest the presence of a dopaminergic asymmetry in some unmedicated schizophrenic patients; that is, right anterior subcortical or cortical structures of the brain may manifest a relative dopaminergic overactivity compared to left anterior structures in at least some unmedicated patients with schizophrenia.
Internal motion in some aromatic polyesters and linear aromatic chains

Low-temperature internal motions of the following polyesters have been investigated by broad line nuclear magnetic resonance: poly(methylene terephthalates) (2–6 methylene groups), poly[1,4-(dimethylene)cyclohexylene terephthalate], poly(diethyleneglycol terephthalate), poly(1,2-propylene terephthalate), poly(1,4-phenylene terephthalate), poly(2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentamethylene terephthalate), poly[1,4-phenylenebis(dimethyl) siloxane], and poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide). No complex line structure was found for any of the samples. Molecular motions in the polyesters appear to be restricted by polar forces arising from the ester groups. Above—196°C. the line width decreases smoothly with increasing temperatures for all polymers except poly[1,4-(dimethylene)cyclohexylene terephthalate] and poly[1,4-phenylenebis(dimethyl)siloxane]. These two show a definite transition in line width at −20°C. and +12°C., respectively, caused by the onset of considerable internal motion. At −196°C. the lattices are rigid except for polymers containing methyl groups: poly(1,2-propylene terephthalate), poly[1,4-phenylenebis(dimethyl) siloxane], and poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide). Internal motion that can be ascribed to be a reorientation of the methyl groups is present at −196°C. for these three polymers, as is demonstrated by comparison of experimental second moments and those calculated on the basis of various models.
Sounding out migraine-related interactions between the brainstem and cortex.

The clinical features of a migraine attack include symptoms generated by both the brainstem and the cortex. Significant changes in the activity of both brain regions during migraine have been clearly demonstrated with functional imaging techniques (1,2). How these brain regions interact before, during, and after a migraine attack remains much less clear. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), the slowly propagated wave of cortical activity that is believed to be the physiological substrate of migraine aura, can activate brainstem nociceptive pathways in animal models (3–6). It is well known that different types of brain injury can trigger CSD (7), but the trigger(s) for CSD in the setting of migraine are unknown. The paper by Vinogradova in this issue of Cephalalgia uses a novel approach, the audiogenic seizure model in rats, to show that CSD can be triggered by sound-evoked brainstem activity. These findings raise important questions about the potential role of the brainstem as a driver of changes in cortical activity during migraine. Audiogenic seizures are brainstem seizures evoked by
3D T1 relaxometry pre and post gadoxetic acid injection for the assessment of liver cirrhosis and liver function.

Abstract Purpose To assess the diagnostic value of a 3D dual-flip-angle (DFA) T1 mapping technique with whole liver coverage before and after gadoxetic acid injection for assessment of cirrhosis and liver function, compared to blood tests (APRI: aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index). Materials and methods A total of 133 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI including a 3D FLASH DFA-T1 mapping sequence before and 20 min post-contrast (hepatobiliary phase, HBP) were included in this retrospective IRB approved study. T1 values (msec) were measured on pre-contrast and during HBP in liver parenchyma, ΔT1 (%) was calculated as [(T1 pre − T1 post)/T1 pre] × 100. T1 and ΔT1 values were compared between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients and between patients stratified using Child–Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores using Mann–Whitney U test. Diagnostic performance of T1 mapping parameters vs. APRI for diagnosing cirrhosis and for assessing degree of liver dysfunction was evaluated using ROC analysis. Results Fifty non-cirrhotic and 83 cirrhotic patients [Child–Pugh A (n = 41), B (n = 31) and C (n = 11)] were included. There was no significant difference in pre-contrast T1 values between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. T1-HBP and ΔT1 values were significantly different in patients with cirrhosis (p 17) (p = 0.003). ΔT1 showed significant strong correlations with Child–Pugh and MELD scores (r = − 0.7, p Conclusion 3D DFA-T1 mapping sequence used before and after gadoxetic acid injection is useful for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and for the assessment of liver function.
Written Testimony of Ray D. Madoff before the Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee Hearing on the Burden of the Estate Tax on Family Businesses and Farms

Congressional testimony focusing on (1) the importance of the estate tax, particularly in supporting the fairness of our tax system and (2) the significant societal costs that would result from repeal of the estate tax.In one form or another, the estate tax has been with us since this country’s earliest days. The first estate tax was enacted in 1797, long before the income tax. Our modern estate tax was enacted in 1916, a mere three years after the enactment of the income tax. Any tax that has stood the test of time for so long should not be repealed without due attention to the role that it plays in our society, and the negative repercussions that could result from its repeal.
A PASTORAL THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON PLAY IN THE MINISTRY

I learned the value of playing music by ear from my greatgrandmother, Celia Sherwood. She was a talented musician, a gifted pianist, who learned to play as a young girl. For many years, she played for dances throughout Amador County, California. Grandma Celia's gift of music brought joy to many people. Even well into her 90's with hearing and eyesight diminishing, Celia would sit at the piano as her fingers would dance seemingly by instinct across the keys. It was music of the heart, played by ear. A pastoral theology of play, as the image above suggests, can help to capacitate persons with the increasing ability to "play by ear"—to trust the music of the soul—and thereby bring this practiced, and still spontaneous, wisdom forth in ministry. Expression of creative play and its possibilities in ministry emerges from my theological conviction that creativity is part of God's nature. The field of pastoral theology has traditionally and distinctively been committed to the care practices of the church and brings a particular form of expertise to the task. As a branch of Christian theology, pastoral theology reflects critically upon the interrelationship between theology and actual human experience in order to construct and revise theories and practices that contribute to the care of human persons and communities. My operative thesis is that we need, in part, to educate ministers both within the context of play and with an attitude to care for play because, in so doing, we help to support creative and vital qualities of pastoral leadership. These leadership skills include, among many others, the capacities for imagination, flexibility, and introspection. Several definitions inform the discussion in this article. My definition of play is as follows: Play is a means of cooperative and collaborative engagement within self and between self and others that seeks to heighten enjoyment of life experience by making space for the innovative within structured patterns of behavior. Play allows for making mistakes in attempts to move beyond the conventional in pursuit of the novel. In using the term "play," I point to meaningful human thought and behavior that has pattern to it without being completely prescribed or pre-determined. By the term misfit, I refer to persons, qualities, and experiences that do not correspond to dominant cultural paradigms or perspectives. I use the phrase "healthy misfits " to signify persons who claim and celebrate misfithood as an
Photocatalytic C–H Activation of Hydrocarbons over VO@g-C3N4

A highly selective and sustainable method has been developed for the oxidation of methyl arenes and their analogues. The VO@g-C3N4 catalyst is very efficient in the C–H activation and oxygen insertion reaction resulting in formation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds and phenols.
Casting and Verifying Provisional Ballots in Florida

Objective Some scholars report that the partisanship of local election administrators affects which voters will cast provisional ballots and which ballots will be rejected, raising serious questions about voting rights and the application of uniform election laws within the American states. Our goal is to demonstrate that casting a provisional ballot and rejecting a provisional ballot are separate processes, the discrete dynamics of which have not been adequately assessed empirically. Methods Drawing on a county-level data set spanning three general elections in the battleground state of Florida, we look beyond the partisanship of local elections administrators, focusing instead on how voter registration issues in local election jurisdictions may condition both the casting and rejection of provisional ballots. Results Our findings suggest that voter registration maintenance issues in a county affect the number of provisional ballots cast and rejected. Most importantly, we find that counties with greater numbers of voters who register after the registration cutoff date prior to a general election (and who are thus ineligible to vote) tend to have greater numbers of provisional ballots cast and rejected. Conclusions Provisional ballots are the stepchildren of local election administration. Voters deemed by poll workers to be ineligible to vote a regular ballot are permitted to cast provisional ballots; these ballots are verified by local canvassing boards after the election results are tabulated and the unofficial winners declared. We find that the partisan leanings of local elections officials play a minimal role in the number of provisional ballots cast and rejected, which we hope will encourage scholars to scrutinize other local factors that might cause disparities in these votes of last resort.
MRI Diagnosis of Lateral Lumbar Canal Stenosis

Is MRI useful in diagnosing nerve root constriction in lumbar canal stenosis?Lumbar spine MRIs were reviewed in a young control group (Group 1) and a surgically treated older group (Group 2).(Conclusions)(1) In group 1 T1 axial images at the disc level show the lateral recess and foramen as a thin open area of high signal intensity. This area is called an “eye” aperture. The “Eye” sits between the posterior aspect of the disc and the anterior aspect of the articular process.(2) The “Eyes” are closed in no cases of group 1 and 43% of group 2 from all checked nerve roots on MRI. The posterior aspect of the disc contacts the anterior aspect of the facet joint to a varying extent. We call this phenomenon the “Closed eye sign”.(3) 74% of the nerve roots with a positive “Closed eye sign” checked in surgery showed obvious macroscopic constriction (71% of L4 roots and 91% of L5 roots).(4) The positive “Closed eye sign” indicates definite narrowness of the nerve root channel and is useful in diagnosing lateral type lumbar canal stenosis.
NOTES ON WESTERN RUST FUNGI. II. PUCCINIACEAE

(1962). Notes on Western Rust Fungi. II. Pucciniaceae. Mycologia: Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 389-394.
Technical Assistance Post-Doha: Is There any Hope of Integrating Developing Countries into the Global Trading System?

The Doha Development Round evidences the WTO's commitment to bringing developing countries into the global trading system as full participants. Technical assistance is a critical component of that objective, but there remain a number of structural challenges impeding the organizations ability to provide effective assistance. This Essay explores some of those challenges - from the WTO's perspective as well as from that of developing countries - and suggests ways of making technical assistance relevant in the Post-Doha era.
New Exact Solutions to the Nonlinear Coupled Scalar Field Equations

Considered the nonlinear coupled scalar field equation,reduced it to nonlinear ordinary differential equation with elementary integral form.According to a complete discrimination system for polynomial,one can classify the roots of respective polynomial to solve the respective elementary integral.Abundant solutions for the equation considered were obtained,which included many new solutions.This method can be applied to many similar problems.
The Deed, Land Descriptions and the Recording System

When the buyer has paid the purchase price of the farm either in cash or in installments, he is entitled to a deed. In case a mortgage is used to secure part of the purchase price the deed is delivered to the buyer before he has paid the full price for the land. Let us now look at this document.
Extravesical Ureteroneocystostomy for Duplicated Allograft Ureters

AbstractWe report a modification of unstented, parallel incision, extravesical ureteroneocystostomy for duplicated ureters. The technique is simple and effective, and requires no routine stenting.
Total Replacement of the Knee in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study Of The Results Of Treatment With The Walldius Prosthesis

This paper describes a prospective study of replacement of the knee joint with the Walldius endoprosthesis in patients disabled by rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty knees in nineteen patients were so treated and followed for an average of almost three years after operation. Evaluation before and after operation on a subjective, objective, and roentgenographic basis, showed that pain, the most disabling symptom, was eliminated or reduced to non-disabling levels in all patients. The total range of knee motion was not improved, but a more useful arc of motion was obtained. Significant instability did not occur. All patients who were in a bed-chair status preoperatively were able to walk postoperatively. Although settling and loosening of both components of the prosthesis was observed, they did not cause symptoms, and within the time limits of this study did not correlate with the duration of follow-up. A large number of cases, observed under standardized conditions over a long period of time, will be required before a definitive evaluation of this procedure can be made.
"Go With the Flow": Independent Older Adults and Their Information-Seeking

Those in the growing older population in Canada and the United States deal with significant changes in their lives which complicate their information seeking. Work and social roles, technology and other factors in their lives change, requiring older adults to make adjustments in their information seeking behavior. In this study the researcher extended the word reported to the CAIS 27th Annual Conference in 1999.
Preservice Teachers' Learning to Plan Intellectually Challenging Tasks

This study explores how and under which conditions preservice secondary science teachers (PSTs) engage in effective planning practices that incorporate intellectually challenging tasks into lessons...