cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sucralfate Causes Malabsorption of L-Thyroxine

Abstract purpose: To determine if sucralfate causes malabsorption of L-thyroxine. patients and methods: Five healthy volunteers ingested L-thyroxine, 1,000 μg, administered orally (1) without sucralfate, (2) with sucralfate, 1 g, and (3) 8 hours after sucralfate, 2 g. The amount of L- thyroxine absorbed was calculated from the peak increase in serum T 4 levels within 6 hours of hormone ingestion multiplied by the volume of distribution for the hormone. results: Peak absorption of L-thyroxine in the absence of sucralfate was 796 μg (95% confidence interval (CI): 515 – 1,074 μg). Coadministration of sucralfate, 1 g, with L- thyroxine reduced thyroid hormone absorption to 225 μg (95% Cl: 151 – 299 μg) (P = 0.0029 compared with control). Peak hormone absorption was delayed 2 hours by simultaneous sucralfate ingestion. Separation of administered L-thyroxine and sucralfate doses by 8 hours returned hormone absorption to control values. Maximum T 3 levels did not differ, regardless of drug regimen, but suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by L- thyroxine was reduced by coadministration of sucralfate. conclusions: Sucralfate causes malabsorption of L-thyroxine, presumably by intraluminal binding of hormone.
Highly purified cytochromes C derived from the diatom, Navicula pelliculosa.

Abstract Two kinds of cytochromes C have been isolated from the diatom, Navicula pelliculosa and highly purified. One is cytochrome c (554, N. pelliculosa), the other is cytochrome c (550, N. pelliculosa). The cytochrome c-554 exhibited absorption maxima at 356, 408 and 527 mμ in the oxidized form, and at 418, 523 and 554 mμ in the reduced form. The ratio, A 418 m μ A 554 m μ , of the reduced cytochrome was 6.77 and its α-peak was asymmetrical. The midpoint redox potential of the cytochrome was +0.34 V at pH 7.0. Therefore, the cytochrome c-554 is an “f-type cytochrome”. The minimal mol. wt of the cytochrome was approximately 13000. Cytochrome c-554 reacted fairly rapidly with Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, but did not react with cow cytochrome oxidase. The cytochrome c-550 possessed absorption maxima at 353, 407 and 525 mμ in the oxidized form, and at 418, 522 and 550 mμ in the reduced form. The cytochrome was very autoxidizable and combined with CO and CN−. The minimal mol wt. of the cytochrome was approx. 34000.
Multi-attribute decision analysis for the protection of groundwater resources

Abstract Decision analysis is a powerful management tool for situations involving a complex set of alternatives for a particular set of objectives. Decision analysis, coupled with multi-attribute utility assessments, is shown to be a viable problem solving method for a complex water-resource management problem. The City of San Antonio is faced with the difficult decision of how to protect its sole water source, the Edwards aquifer, from the threat of pollution resulting from urban sprawl over the aquifer recharge zone. This decision problem has been structured as a decision analysis model in an effort to provide local decision-makers with a highly objective and easily-documented means of deciding among alternative management policies. Multi-attribute utility functions were used as the measure of effectiveness for the various alternatives. The necessary judgmental information was gathered from a group of local water-resource decision-makers through a series of cyclic opinion surveys. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to illustrate the degree to which the solution of the problem was dependent upon the identified uncertain events.
The functionalisation of saturated hydrocarbons--XXX. Model studies on the mechanism of some oxygenases.

Abstract In harmony with our studies on the activation of hydrocarbons by Gif chemistry, we have, in the first part of this paper, studied the mechanism of the lipoxygenase enzymes using soybean lipoxygenase as a model. We have shown with trimethyl phosphite that no free radical is released by the enzyme. In a second part, we have studied the mechanism of the α-ketoglutaratedependent e by the α-ketoglutaric acid.
Load and control effects on crack growth in flexible aircraft

The fundamental leverage generated by load tailoring and flight control system feedback loops for reducing fatigue damage and enhancing long-term integrity of aircraft structural components is investigated. Nonlinear fatigue behavior indicates two significant factors that influence crack growth are overload magnitude ratio and application period. This behavior implies existence of nonintuitive optimal overload strength and frequency values that minimize crack growth. Such results have important implications for design of new control logic that exploits this nonlinear phenomenon to suppress crack growth and enhance structural life. A state-space crack growth model is briefly reviewed and linked to a flexible aircraft model. Long-term structural integrity predictions, and the influence feedback control and loading variations have on such predictions, are made with a set of simulations covering the operational life of the vehicle. A mix of open-loop and closed-loop cases with nominal and variable feedback gains, vehicle motions including nominal maneuvers with superimposed gusts, deterministic and stochastic overloads, and mean stress levels are considered. For an existing control architecture, individual feedback gains have substantial influence on crack growth. This result implies significant extension of structural life may be possible by control gain adjustment within an existing architecture. Maneuver overload strength and frequency also have significant influence. By tailoring the overload maneuver with additional control logic, this result also implies significant structural life enhancement may be possible.
Virus infection blocks the processing and presentation of exogenous antigen with the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules

Helper T cell recognition of antigen requires that antigen be processed and presented by class II expressing antigen-presenting cells (APC). Many antigens presented by the immune system are part of infectious organisms, for example, bacteria and viruses, which themselves may affect APC function. Here we show that infection of B cell lines as APC with viruses of two different families, namely, influenza A or vaccinia, completely block processing and presentation of an exogenous globular protein antigen pigeon cytochrome c. The block appears to be primarily within the processing pathway, as virus infection has little effect on the presentation of an antigenic peptide of pigeon cytochrome c which does not require processing. It is likely that several steps in the processing pathway are affected. Only live infectious virus, not UV-inactivated virus blocks APC function, indicating that there is no competition of viral particles with cytochrome c for the class II processing machinery. As compared to uninfected cells, virus-infected cells internalize less antigen bound to surface Ig but degrade a similar portion of that which enters the cell. Virus infection results in reduced protein synthesis in APC which may also be a factor in decreasing APC function. Significantly, we show that the processing of a high affinity evolutionary variant of cytochrome c from Drosophila melanogaster is reduced less by virus infection as compared to c. Such knowledge may guide the selection of antigenic epitopes in vaccine design.
Fault origin adjudication

When a program P fails to satisfy a requirement R supposedly ensured by a detailed specification S that was used to implement P, there is a question about whether the problem arises in S or in P. We call this determination fault origin adjudication and illustrate its significance in various software engineering contexts. The primary contribution of this paper is a framework for formal fault origin adjudication for network protocols using the NS simulator and the SPIN model checker. We describe our architecture and illustrate its use in a case study involving a standard specification for packet radio routing.
A long focal-plane detector with a hybrid structure

Abstract A 1.2 m long position sensitive detector has been constructed to detect light and light-heavy ions over a wide momentum range with large vertical acceptance in the focal plane of the Texas A&M Enge split-pole spectrograph. The detector consists of a stack of five single-wire proportional counters in combination with another ionization and drift domain. The front two counters provide information about the energy loss and the position of the incident particles, and the others give only energy loss information. Separation of ionization and multiplication regions using the drift mechanism enables a large vertical acceptance, i.e. 27 mm. A position resolution better than 1.2 mm is obtained for 50 MeV alpha particles. Particle identifications can easily be obtained for light and light-heavy ions.
Characterization of organic material in coal by proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance with magic-angle spinning

Abstract 13C n.m.r. spectra have been obtained on ten solid coal samples of various types and on three coal-derived materials, using high-power proton decoupling, cross polarization and magic-angle spinning, and provide valuable information on the carbon distribution between aromatic and non-aromatic structures in the sample. Apparent carbon aromaticities, fa′, have been determined and have been correlated with H/C ratios and as one factor in fuel values. Both solvent refining and reverse combustion (see introduction) are found to increase the aromatic fraction. These techniques should be very useful in characterizing and optimizing coal-conversion processes.
Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate

Thesis (S.M. in Geophysics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2012.
Development and Field Tests of Narrowband All-Reflective Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers

We describe the design, development and performance tests of a narrow-band, high-resolution all-reflection Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer tuned to 630nm as a step towards a FUV design that will operate at the 121nm Lyman-alpha line.
Phase-II Study of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients with Metastatic Biliary and Gallbladder Cancer

There is no standard chemotherapy option for patients with biliary tract cancers. These patients present fairly ill and can have a rapid progression of disease. We conducted a multi-center, phase-II trial for patients with locally unresectable or metastatic bile duct or gallbladder adenocarcinomas using a modified regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin to potentially improve tolerability. Patients received a 21-day treatment cycle of gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m2 and cisplatin at 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. To participate, 33 patients signed informed consent, and 30 patients received at least one dose of chemotherapy. By intention-to-treat analyses, 7 patients (21%) experienced a partial response and another 12 (36%) had stable disease for at least 12 weeks. The median progression-free survival was 6.3 months and median overall survival was 9.7 months. After 1 year, 39% of patients were alive. Most common grade 3-4 toxicities included neutropenia (33%), thrombocytopenia (23%), anemia (20%), nausea (20%), emesis (13%) and fatigue (10%). Of note, 52% of patients withdrew from study treatment, principally due to treatment-related adverse events. We concluded that this modified regimen appeared to have comparable activity to other gemcitabine and cisplatin regimens against advanced bile duct and gallbladder cancers, but there was still moderate toxicity in this patient population.
Removal of thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers from UV light-irradiated DNA by S1 endonuclease.

— S1 endonuclease was shown to remove thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers from UV-irradiated human DNA, although efficient removal could be demonstated only by using long digestion times, relatively high enzyme concentrations, and irradiation sufficient to yield dimer substitutions in DNA of 1 per 1W300 (dimers/base pair). Neutral and alkaline sucrose gradient analysis of strand break induction by S, of UV-irradiated DNA suggests that recognition of the dimer by S, is the limiting factor in its removal and dimer removal usually results from attack on the dimer containing DNA strand without the induction of a double-strand break.
IMPROVED SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE DISCHARGED ON BETA-BLOCKER AND ACE INHIBITORS

Medical management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) remains unclear. This analysis was to assess the benefit of ACE-inhibitors (ACEi) and beta blockers (BB) in patients with HFPEF and in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). The BACH (Biomarkers in Acute
The excess enthalpies of (carbon dioxide + decane) from 283.15 to 323.15 K at 7.58 MPa

Abstract The excess enthalpies HE for (carbon dioxide + decane) were measured in the vicinity of the carbon-dioxide critical point by means of an isothermal flow calorimeter. Mixtures at 283.15 and 303.15 K and at 7.58 MPa show endothermic mixing except for a moderately exothermic section in the carbon-dioxide-rich region at 303.15 K. Mixtures at 308.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K at 7.58 MPa show large negative values of HE which vary linearly with mole fraction in the carbon-dioxide-rich region reaching largest negative values at CO2 mole-fraction values of 0.94, 0.80, and 0.66, respectively. The changes observed in the values of HE with temperature and the significance of the largest negative values and linear sections of the isotherms are discussed and interpreted in terms of liquid-vapor equilibrium and critical constants for (carbon dioxide + decane).
The “activation” of FeTi for hydrogen absorption; An electron microscopic study☆

An analytical electron microscope study of the electrolytic hydrogenation of FeTi is reported. Direct evidence of the physical separation of the oxidized surface layer is shown. This shows that the H reaches the FeTi alloy without diffusing through the oxide layer. (FS)
Semiflat L-cluster methods

Abstract In previous work, an order theoretic model for cluster analysis has been developed, and flat cluster methods characterized in terms of their compatibility with respect to the set of residuated mappings on the non-negative reals. This suggests the possibility of classifying cluster methods according to their compatibility properties with respect to residuated mappings. Such a program is herewith initiated. Semiflat cluster methods are defined and characterized by their compatibility with respect to those residuated mappings θ for which θ + (0) = 0. It is also shown how these methods fit into an earlier graph theoretic model for cluster analysis that was developed by Jardine and Sibson.
Can public policy deter smoking escalation among young adults

In the wake of significant budget shortfalls, 37 states and the District of Columbia have recently increased cigarette excise taxes to boost revenues. This study examines the impact of increasing the price of cigarettes, which will occur as a consequence of cigarette excise tax increases, and implementing restrictions on smoking in private worksites, restaurants, government worksites, healthcare facilities, and other public places on young adult smoking progression. This paper employs nationally representative longitudinal data on young adults from the Monitoring the Future Surveys matched with information on site-specific prices and smokefree air laws. The estimates clearly indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes would substantially decrease the number of young adults who progress into higher intensities of smoking. In addition, private worksite restrictions and restrictions on smoking in other public places are found to decrease moderate smoking uptake among young adults.
Mechanism of the inverse-electron demand Diels-alder reaction of 2-aminopyrroles with 1,3,5-triazines : detection of an intermediate and effect of added base and acid

In base, a 2-aminopyrrole reacted with a 1,3,5-triazine to give a zwitterion (Meisenheimer complex). Acid promoted its conversion to the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. A cascade mechanism with reversible steps is proposed to explain why both a base and an acid are needed for the cycloaddition to occur.
Hydrogen storage via iron-titanium for a 26 MW(e) peaking electric plant☆

Abstract Work is in progress at the Brookhaven National Laboratory for the development of bulk storage techniques for hydrogen using iron-titanium. The program consists of a variety of activities which include engineering analysis and design of a large bulk hydrogen storage facility, engineering-scale tests, work on the selection and development of suitable iron-titanium alloys, and the construction of a large prototype energy storage system. Based on these engineering studies, a preliminary plant design and cost estimate is presented for a 26 MW(e) hydrogen storage peaking electric power plant, with hydrogen production via water electrolysis, iron-titanium metal hydride hydrogen storage beds and hydrogen-air fuel cells for reconversion to electricity. Cost estimates of a similar plant incorporating advanced technology components are made and compared with allowed costs for such systems. Description of R & D requirements to achieve these goals is discussed.
Interaction of the hypocretins with neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens

The hypocretins (hcrt1 and hcrt2), also known as orexins, are two neuropeptides derived from the same precursor, expressed in a few thousand cells in the lateral hypothalamus. Hypocretin-containing cells project throughout the brain, including ascending projections to the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex, through the medial septum and the nucleus accumbens. Here, we have studied the interactions of the hypocretins with different neurotransmitters by patch clamp recording of acutely dissociated cells from the nucleus accumbens. Application of hcrt1 or hcrt2 decreased postsynaptic NMDA currents, enhanced GABA currents but did not affect glycine-activated conductances. Our results strongly suggest that the hypocretin peptides may be inhibitory peptides, probably via binding hcrt receptor 2.
Inside and Outside the Pleasure Scene In Poetry about Locations by al-Sarī al-Raffā' al-Mawsilī

Al-Sarī al-Raffā' al-Mawsilī was an Arabic poet known for his descriptive poetry who lived and worked in the tenth century in Iraq and Syria. Al-Sarī al-Raffā' played an important role in the expansion and development of short descriptive poetry in Arabic in the late ninth and tenth centuries. This genre of poetry uses elaborate rhetoric to provide a nuanced commentary on the role of material things, bodies (both human and non-human), and locations in social life. Short descriptive poetry is part of an expansion of the cultural sphere, which includes yet extends beyond the political sphere at this time. An important feature of short descriptive poetry is an interest in the bodily pleasures enjoyed in the context of informal sociability. Descriptions of locations in which pleasure gatherings take place situate the interiority of the pleasure scene in counterpoint to the world beyond the pleasure scene, which includes politics, the military, morality, social hierarchy, and religion. In addition, nature serves as a transition space between the interiority of the pleasure scene and the cultural sphere of the outside world. Al-Sarī's descriptions of mills, bath houses, and rooms in which birds have nested illustrate this counterpoint between the drinking party and the outside world, and between the time out for pleasure and the flow of time and events in the outside world.
Synthesis of Aminobenzoic Acid-Based Nonpeptide Templates: Applications in Peptidomimetic Drug Discovery

2,3-Methanoamino acids resemble protein amino acids. The only difference between these groups of compounds is that the former have one additional carbon which spans the α- and β atoms (Fig. 1). This cyclopropane ring constraint of 2,3-methanoamino acids allows four side chain orientations; different conformations are therefore favored when stereoisomeric cyclopropane amino acids are incorporated into peptide sequences. Peptidomimetics containing 2,3-methanoamino acids are also more hindered, and this imparts proteolytic stability (1-4). Overall, both these factors (i.e., the conformational constraints and enhanced proteolytic stabilities, make 2,3-methanoamino acids excellent probes for medicinal chemistry and biophysical experiments.) Fig. 1. Leu and the four stereoisomers of cyclo-Leu.
Deformation behaviour and shape memory effect of near equi-atomic NiTi alloy

The mechanical shape memory effect associated with the martensitic-type transformation which occurs in polycrystalline Ti-50.3 at. % Ni alloy has been investigated using the techniques of transmission and optical microscopy. Deformation of initially partially transformed material within the recoverable strain range was found to occur by: (1) stress-induced transformation of the most favourably oriented existing martensite variants at the expense of adjacent unfavourably oriented variants and retained high temperature phase (2) stress-induced re-orientation of favourably oriented martensite by utilizing the most favourably oriented twin system, and (3) stress-induced twin-boundary migration within the martensite. The reverse transformation during heating restores the original grain structure of the high-temperature phase in a highly coherent manner. It was concluded that deformation modes limited to those involved in the transformation process and the reversibility of the transformation give rise to the memory effect.
A Practitioner's Application and Deconstruction of Evidence-Based Practice:

A discussion of the application of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical settings is offered from a practitioner's point of view. Questions are raised regarding how the EBP effectiveness client-oriented practical evidence search (COPES) questions and literature review protocol (Gibbs, 2003) guide the operationalization of problems and clients, and suggestions are offered about additional variables to include in this standardized protocol that may enhance the specificity of EBP. An exploration of the EBP collaborative decision-making process is presented from a practice perspective, and a conclusion is drawn about the use of the EBP process in clinical settings.
Effects of a saliva test pipeline procedure on adolescent self‐reported alcohol use

Self-reports on alcohol use collected via school-based questionnaires, telephone surveys, and household interviews are central measures in many studies in the alcohol field. The validity of such self-reports remains an issue. Use of biological pipeline procedures is one way in which the quality of self-reports might be improved. The current study tested the effectiveness of a saliva test pipeline procedure in increasing drinking disclosure rates among adolescents in the sixth and eighth grades. Two sixth-grade classes from each of 14 elementary schools (n = 828) and four eighth-grade classes from each of 8 middle schools (n = 754) were selected. Half of the classes in each school were assigned to the pipeline condition and half to the control condition. Each student in the pipeline condition was asked to provide a saliva sample via dental roll before completing a questionnaire that all students (pipeline and control) received. Pipeline students were told that "some of the saliva we collect today will be tested in a laboratory and will provide a biological measure of alcohol use." Sixth- and eighth-grade students exposed to the alcohol procedure reported 5 to 7% higher alcohol use prevalences than students in the control group. While the pattern of improved reporting under the pipeline condition held across four alcohol-use measures and two grade levels, the effect was statistically significant for only one measure. The pipeline procedures used here had small effects on adolescent self-reported alcohol use. Language: en
The Rôle of volatiles in the formation of Virginia titanium deposits

The feldspathic rock with which the titanium deposits of Virginia are associated appears to be an anorthosite, although the plagioclase is somewhat more sodic than in normal anorthosites. That is, this rock shows evidence of having been introduced as a mush-like mass of crystals and intersititial magma, and of undergoing very thorough crushing during introduction. This rook was later very thoroughly altered by hydrothermal solutions which migrated through the fractures in the feldspar rook and new minerals including the titanium minerals—rutile and ilmenite—were introduced. The elements introduced into the feldspathic rock ware TiO2 FeO, MgO, P2O5, and F. The other elements that went into the formation of new minerals were derived from the feldspar originally present. There was a distinct order in the abstraction of the introduced elements from the carrying solutions, as shown by the zonal relatione of the secondary minerals. Ferrous iron was abstracted first in the formation of the ferromagnesian silicates and ilmenite. Magnesium and titanium, in the absence of iron, traveled farther from the source of the solutions and deposited rutile and magnesian silicates. At greater distances most of the introduced elements had been abstracted from the solutions but notwithstanding this the feldspar was extensively altered, but without any marked changes between the chemical composition of the original feldspar rook and the resulting altered rook.
Treatment Planning Model for Nanotube-Mediated Laser Cancer Therapy

The goal of the project is to develop an effective treatment planning computational tool for nanotube-mediated laser therapy that maximizes tumor destruction and minimizes tumor recurrence. Laser therapies can provide a minimally invasive treatment alternative to surgical resection of tumors. However, the effectiveness of these therapies is limited due to nonspecific heating of target tissue and diffusion limited thermal deposition which often leads to healthy tissue injury and extended treatment durations. These therapies can be further compromised due to induction of molecular chaperones called heat shock protein (HSP) in tumor regions where non-lethal temperature elevation occurs causing enhanced tumor cell viability and imparting resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments which are generally employed in conjunction with hyperthermia.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
A general synthesis of dirhodium metallopeptides as MDM2 ligands

A synthesis of multifunctional dirhodium metallopeptide ligands for MDM2 is presented. An orthogonal protection scheme of palladium-catalyzed de-allylation on a metallopeptide substrate allows specific dirhodium incorporation in a complex peptide. Sequence effects on MDM2 binding are discussed.
Theory and Practice of Cotton Fiber Selection: Part II: Sources of Cotton Mix Variability and Critical Factors Affecting It

This part of the study demonstrates the complex nature of variability in multi component blends and the effectiveness of bale picking schemes in handling this com plexity, using analysis of varianc...
EFL and/vs. ESL?: A multi-level regression modeling perspective on bridging the paradigm gap

The study of learner language and that of indigenized varieties are growing areas of English-language corpus-linguistic research, which are shaped by two current trends: First, the recognition that more rigorous methodological approaches are urgently needed (with few exceptions, existing work is based on over-/under-use frequency counts that fail to unveil complex non-native linguistic patterns); second, the collective effort to bridge an existing “paradigm gap” (Sridhar & Sridhar 1986) between EFL and ESL research.This paper contributes to these developments by offering a multifactorial analysis of seventeen lexical verbs in the dative alternation in speech and writing of German/French learners and Hong Kong/India/Singapore English speakers. We exemplify the advantages of hierarchical mixed-effects modeling, which allows us to control for speaker and verb-specific effects, but also for the hierarchical structure of the corpus data. Second, we address the theoretical question of whether EFL and ESL represent discrete English varieties or a continuum.
Megakaryocytes in the hematopoietic stem cell niche

Mesenchymal stromal cells are key components of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow. Two studies now show that hematopoietic-derived megakaryocytes also contribute to the HSC niche, regulating HSC quiescence and function.
Determinants of Intrastate Variation in Teacher Salaries.

Abstract Previous work on understanding the determinants of average teacher salaries has focused on interstate variation. This study addresses determinants of intrastate variation in teacher salaries. Using the model developed by Walden and Newmark, average teacher salaries in North Carolina school districts are related to variation in the local cost-of-living, personal characteristics of teachers, job characteristics of the teaching positions, and local demand factors. A key finding is that, like interstate studies, we find local salaries are related to local cost-of-living measures. Also, after accounting for education and experience characteristics, local teacher salaries are higher in districts with a greater proportion of secondary teachers, in districts with larger average school sizes, and in districts with a greater demand for education.
Engineering of five 88-residue receptor-adhesive modular proteins containing a parallel α-helical coiled coil and two RGD ligand sites

Several 88-residue proteins were designed, synthesized and examined as receptor-adhesive modular proteins (RAMPs). Three covalent and two noncovalent dimers were made from two 44-residue peptide chains containing three structural modules: RGD-A23a (ligand-spacer-coil) and A9a-RGD (coil-spacer-ligand). The ligand module contained the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). The coil modules A9a and A23a were five-heptad α-helices engineered by Hodges and co-workers [Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. (1992) 40, 171–1791, By circular dichroic spectroscopy, each of these five RAMPs contained an α-helical coiled coil. The disulfide-bridged dimer RGD-A23a/RGD-A23a and its reduced form (RGD-A23a)2 had two N-terminal RGD sites. The disulfide-bridged dimer A9a-RGD/A9a-RGD and its reduced form (A9a-RGD)2 had two C-terminal RGD sites. However, the disulfide-bridged heterodimer RGD-A23a/A9a-RGD had one RGD site at each terminus with a 50 A coiled coil between them. The temperature at the midpoint of unfolding for each of the covalent homodimers RGD-A23a/RGD-A23a (67°C) and A9a-RGD/A9a-RGD (69°C) was slightly higher than that of the corresponding noncovalent homodimer (RGD-A23a)2 (62°C) or (A9a-RGD)2 (68°C) but much lower than that of the covalent heterodimer RGD-A23a/A9a-RGD (79° C). The enthalpy and entropy of thermal unfolding were also significantly greater for the heterodimer than for the four homodimers, consistent with the heterodimer having the most stable coiled coil. Although the distance between its RGD sites was at least 50 A greater than that for the homodimers, this heterodimeric RAMP was only as active as the homodimers A9a-RGD/A9a-RGD and (A9a-RGD)2 in inhibiting the adhesion of A2058 melanoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins. Thus the coiled-coil heterodimeric RAMP RGD-A23a/A9a-RGD was unable to bind to two integrin receptors on the same cell at the same time. The Hodges coiled coil A23a/A9a was useful as an oriented pair of coil modules for placing ligand modules at the opposite ends of an elongated RAMP.
Aerodynamic Performance of a Rotate-to-View Nose Missile

Computational e uid dynamics predictions are compared with the wind-tunnel tests for a missile consisting of a rotate-to-view nose with a e at optical window, puffed-up side cheeks, a roll-control nose strake, a tail-mounting assembly with four control panels, and other missile surface appendages. Validation results are presented for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers of 0.8, 0.97, 1.05, 2.0, 3.5, and 4.5 at angles of attack ranging from 10 to 65 deg. Good overall comparisons of the predicted forces and center-of-pressure locations are shown for this very complex geometry. Application studies are then presented to estimate the captive e ight interference effectsusingamultibodycomputationalsimulationmodelconsistingofawingwithtwomissilesmountedonpylons. Results are also presented to show the aero-optical wavefront distortion of the e at infrared window for a seeker orientation using a coupled computational e uid dynamics and optical analysis.
Structural characterization and temperature-dependent photoluminescence of linear CdTe/CdSe/CdTe heterostructure nanorods.

Linear CdTe|CdSe|CdTe heterostructure nanorods are synthesized by using a colloidal sequential reactant injection technique [Shieh et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 8538-8542]. The composition profiles of the individual nanorods are Verified by using nanobeam elemental mapping by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the photoluminescence emission spectra of the linear CdTe|CdSe|CdTe heterostructure nanorods are measured as a function of the temperature (down to 5 K). Photoluminescence is observed to occur from electron-hole recombination in both the CdSe core and across the heterojunction. Thermally activated trapping is found to influence both luminescence processes, thereby being more significant for the type II recombination across the CdSe CdTe interface.
Great expectorations: the potential of salivary ‘omic’ approaches in neonatal intensive care

Great expectorations: the potential of salivary ‘omic’ approaches in neonatal intensive care
Seat Belt Use on a University Campus

Observed seat belt use on a private university campus was compared with use by the general population of the state in which the university is located. It was expected, given the higher educational level and socioeconomic status of the university population, that seat belt use would be higher than it is for the general population. The results of the study indicated that seat belt use by members of the university community was actually significantly lower than that reported statewide. The statistically significant difference was even greater for front-seat passengers than for drivers on campus. Language: en
EFFECT OF FISSION FRAGMENTS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL.

Abstract Type-304 stainless steel, in contact with nuclear fuel, had a duplex surface layer 5 to 10 μm thick. This zone is within the range of, and is believed to be caused by, the recoiling fission fragments from the irradiated urania in which 1.2 to 3 × 1020 fissions/cm3 had occurred. Examination of the zone showed that both layers of the duplex structure are austenite of the same crystallographic orientation as the underlying austenitic matrix. Both layers are harder than the underlying matrix. The two layers of the duplex zone are distinguishable only by their etching characteristics. Possible reasons for the existence of a duplex, rather than a single layer, are discussed.
Cell Death during Early Morphogenesis: Parallels between Insect Limb and Vertebrate Limb Development

The complex jointed leg of the adult fly is derived, in the pupal stage, from a simple lobed sac of cells. The gross morphological changes that result in adult shape are effected by a combination of differential cell growth and the programmed death of a large number of imaginal disc cells. Events are closely similar to those occurring in digit formation and limb contouring during vertebrate morphogenesis. In both cases phagocytic blood cells are intimately involved.
Comment on the Mechanistic Modeling and Inference for Cell Motility by Manolopoulou et al.

Manolopoulou et al. present a method to study cell motility to understand immunological issues in a complex data setting. The goal is to infer the dynamic landscape of lymphocytes moving in a lymph...
Physical basis of holographic optical coherence imaging of living tissue

This paper reviews the physical basis of holographic optical coherence imaging (OCI) applied in image-domain holography (IDH) and Fourier-domain holography (FDH). Holographic OCI is a multi-spatial-channel direct imaging approach that is closely related to short-coherence speckle interferometry and speckle holography, drawing in addition from laser-ranging concepts and techniques of optical coherence tomography (OCT). It produces a series of en face images at successive depths that can be presented in a so-called video "fly-through". Interchannel cross-talk is described as multichannel spatial heterodyne that produces image-bearing speckle. The speckle holograms are proposed to relate to specific structure in the tissue and may be useful as a clinical diagnostic. For instance, sub-cellular motility (a metric of the vitality of a cell and a means to quantify the response to inter-cellular signaling) can be detected with wide field of view without the need for cellular-scale optical resolution. This can be applied across biologically significant areas of tissue with potential for intraoperative applications to asses the state of health beneath the surface of broad areas of excised tissue.
Powder neutron diffraction of wüstite (Fe0.93O) to 12 GPa using large moissanite anvils

High-pressure powder neutron diffraction of wustite-Fe0.93O has been achieved to 12 GPa using a large gem-moissanite (SiC) anvil cell. The moissanite anvils are weakly absorbing and provide greater neutron fluxes to the sample than is possible with tungsten carbide anvils. There is minimal diffraction overlap from the single-crystal moissanite anvils compared to tungsten carbide or synthetic diamond anvils, providing cleaner background profiles. The required sample volume for high-pressure neutron diffraction is dramatically reduced to several cubic millimeters. High-quality powder diffraction patterns of wustite were recorded at 90 min exposure times on the HIPPO diffractometer at LANSCE when the sample volume was in the range of ∼10 mm3. This is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the necessary sample volume (∼1.0 cm3) for the same kind of experiment with other high-pressure cells and nominal neutron fluxes.
Using the WinWin spiral model: a case study

Fifteen teams used the WinWin spiral model to prototype, plan, specify, and build multimedia applications for USC's Integrated Library System. The authors report lessons learned from this case study and how they extended the model's utility and cost-effectiveness in a second round of projects.
The Sophists and Relativism

It is frequently alleged that the Sophists were relativists. Claims to this effect can be found in general histories of philosophy, in histories of Greek philosophy, in studies of the Sophists, in studies of relativism, and elsewhere. Sometimes it is moral or ethical relativism specifically that is ascribed to them, at other times a broader relativism concerning knowledge, truth or reality in general; but that the Sophists were some species of relativists is something of a commonplace.' In fact, I am not aware that it has ever been explicitly contested in print. My contention, however, is that this view of the Sophists is largely erroneous. There is but one Sophist, Protagoras, whom we have reason to regard as a relativist in any deep or interesting sense. It is not entirely clear whether even he deserves this label. But if he does, it is solely on the basis of his famous doctrine that "Man is the measure of all things" (DK 80B1) a doctrine which he is never said to have shared with any of the other Sophists. The tendency to describe the Sophists as a group as relativists derives, I think, from at least two sources; first, from a tendency to regard Protagoras as representative of, and indeed authoritative for, the whole movement, and second, from a too hasty examination of the relation between the Sophists and Plato. On the first point, it is no doubt true that
Erythropoietin Upregulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

The pathophysiologic alterations of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are diverse. We aimed to determine novel pathogenic pathways from circulating proteins in patients with PAH. Multianalyte profiling (MAP) was used to measure 90 specifically selected antigens in the plasma of 113 PAH patients and 51 control patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) functional activity was assessed via in vitro pulmonary artery endothelial cell networking and smooth muscle cell proliferation assays. Fifty-eight patients had idiopathic PAH, whereas 55 had other forms of PAH; 5 had heritable PAH, 18 had connective tissue disease (15 with scleroderma and 3 with lupus erythematosis), 13 had portopulmonary hypertension, 6 had PAH associated with drugs or toxins, and 5 had congenital heart disease. The plasma-antigen profile of PAH revealed increased levels of several novel biomarkers, including EPO. Immune quantitative and histochemical studies revealed that EPO not only was significantly elevated in the plasma of PAH patients but also promoted pulmonary artery endothelial cell network formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. MAP is a hypothesis-generating approach to identifying novel pathophysiologic pathways in PAH. EPO is upregulated in the circulation and lungs of patients with PAH and may affect endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Simultaneous chiral analyses of multiple analytes: case studies, implications and method development considerations

The ﬁeld of chiral separations had a modest beginning some two decades ago. However, due to rapid technological advancement coupled with simultaneous availability of innovative chiral stationary phases and novel chiral derivatization agents, the ﬁeld of chiral separations has now totally outpaced many other separation ﬁelds. Keeping pace with rapid changes in the ﬁeld of chiral separations, investigators continue to add stereoselective pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, pharmacologic and toxicological data of new and/or marketed racemic compounds to the literature. Examination of the evolution of chiral separations suggests that in the beginning many investigators attempted to separate and quantify a single pair of enantiomers, adopting either direct (separation made on a chiral stationary phase) or indirect (separation made following precolumn conversion of enantiomers to corresponding diastereomers) approaches. However, more recent trends in chiral separations suggest that investigators are attempting to separate and quantify multiple pairs of enantiomers with available technologies. Added to this, some interesting trends have been observed in many of the recently reported chiral applications, including preferences regarding internal standard selection, mobile phase contents and composition, sorting out issues with mass spectrometric detection, determination of elution order, analytical manipulations of metabolite(s) without reference standards and addressing some speciﬁcity-related issues. This review mainly focuses on chiral separations involving multiple chiral analytes and attempts to justify the need for such chiral separations involving multiple analytes. In this context, several cases studies are described on the utility and applicability of such chiral separations under discrete headings to provide an account to the readership on the implications of such tasks. The topics of case studies covered in this review include: (a) therapy markers—differentiation from drug abuse and/or applicability in forensics; (b) role in pharmacogenetic/polymorphic evaluation; (c) monitoring and understaning the role of parent and active metabolite(s) in clinical and preclinical investigations; (d) exploration on the pharmacokinetic utility of an active chiral metabolite vis-a-vis the racemic parent moiety; (e) understanding the chirality play in delineating peculiar toxic effects; (f) exploration of chiral inversion phenomenon, and understanding the role of stereoselective metabolism. For the further beneﬁt of readership, some select examples (n = 19) of the separation of multiple chiral analytes with appropriate information on chromatography, detection system, validation parameters and applicable conclusion are also provided. Finally, the review covers some useful considerations for method development involving multiple chiral analytes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquefaction-Induced Softening of Load Transfer between Pile Groups and Laterally Spreading Crusts

Laterally spreading nonliquefied crusts can exert large loads on pile foundations causing major damage to structures. While monotonic load tests of pile caps indicate that full passive resistance may be mobilized by displacements on the order of 1–7% of the pile cap height, dynamic centrifuge model tests show that much larger relative displacements may be required to mobilize the full passive load from a laterally spreading crust onto a pile group. The centrifuge models contained six-pile groups embedded in a gently sloping soil profile with a nonliquefied crust over liquefiable loose sand over dense sand. The nonliquefied crust layer spread downslope on top of the liquefied sand layer, and failed in the passive mode against the pile foundations. The dynamic trace of lateral load versus relative displacement between the “free-field” crust and pile cap is nonlinear and hysteretic, and depends on the cyclic mobility of the underlying liquefiable sand, ground motion characteristics, and cyclic degradation and cracking of the nonliquefied crust. Analytical models are derived to explain a mechanism by which liquefaction of the underlying sand layer causes the soil-to-pile-cap interaction stresses to be distributed through a larger zone of influence in the crust, thereby contributing to the softer load transfer behavior. The analytical models distinguish between structural loading and lateral spreading conditions. Load transfer relations obtained from the two analytical models reasonably envelope the responses observed in the centrifuge tests.
A representation formula for the wave equation revisited

We give an elementary, rigorous and self-contained derivation of a Kirchhoff representation formula for solutions of the wave equation for a bounded region in three-dimensional space for the case of non-homogeneous initial conditions. A special feature of the result is the role of spherical caps which seems not to be noticed previously. The formula is readymade for boundary integral formulations of initial/boundary-value problems for the wave operator.
Taming the Heathkit-Votrax speech synthesizer

Three inexpensive text-to-speech synthesizers are described, intelligibility data from a pilot experiment are reported, and software is offered that has been written to facilitate the phonemic programming of the Heathkit-Votrax synthesizer.