cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P119: Tailored Lifestyle Intervention for Obese, Sedentary Patients in Primary Care: Choose to Lose Study

Background: Poor diet and lack of physical activity are linked conditions, both are risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease and prevalent in primary care. Studies of how to accomplish effective changes in physical activity and weight loss simultaneously in obese, sedentary patients in primary care are limited. In this report we present the findings of the physical activity intervention. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled translational research trial of behavioral Interventions in 207 obese, sedentary patients recruited from 24 primary care practices. Participants were 79% women, 17% minority, with a mean age of 48.8 years, and 66% had at least one CVD risk factor. The primary care physicians identified obese , sedentary patients motivated to lose weight and increase physical activity , who were then randomized to one of two experimental groups ( enhanced or standard). Both groups received 3 face-to-face visits with a lifestyle counselor(baseline, 6 months and 12 months) that included physical activity goal setting and exercise log tracking. The enhanced intervention also received frequent mailings related to diet and exercise, monthly tailored mailings using an expert system related to the transtheoretical model of change for physical activity, 2 DVDs related to exercise and monthly phone calls by lifestyle counselors for the first 12 months related to diet and exercise . A maintenance phase with twice monthly mailings for 6 months and then monthly occurred for the last 6 months. The trial was 24 months in duration with follow-up research visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Statistical analysis used a mixed model adjusted for age, gender, and race accounting for clustering within primary care practice site. Results: The minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity(MVPA) per week for the enhanced intervention group were 20.7, 95.7, 126.1, 103.7, 101.3 at baseline, 6,12, 18 and 24 months compared to 22.9, 68.3, 73.7, 63.7, 75.4 for the standard intervention group ( p=0.037 group*visit). Compared to baseline both groups increased physical activity at each time point ( p<.001). Comparing enhanced to standard interventions at each time point showed increased physical activity for the enhanced group at 12 months and 18 months, but by 24 months the differences were no longer statistically significant ( p=.10) Conclusion: A lifestyle intervention increased physical activity over 24 months in primary care practice in motivated obese, sedentary adults . The added benefits of a tailored approach using an expert system, appear to limited to 12 and 18 months of intervention. Much less contact was provided between 18-24 months. Future research should focus on the optimal dose of the intervention to maintain increased physical activity.
The intracortical method of bone harvesting from the iliac crest did not reduce pain or bleeding at the donor site.

Mirovsky Y, Neuwirth MG. Comparison between the outer table and intracortical methods of obtaining autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest. Spine. 2000 Jul 1;25:1722-5. Question: In patients having autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest, does preservation of the outer and inner cortices during bone harvesting reduce postoperative donor site pain and bleeding? Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), unblinded, controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Setting: Hospital for Joint Diseases, …
Social Support Seeking and Early Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Rumination

This study examined how social support seeking and rumination interacted to predict depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later in early adolescents (N = 118; 11-14 years at baseline). We expected social support seeking would be more helpful for adolescents engaging in low rather than high levels of rumination. Adolescents self-reported on all measures at baseline, and on depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Social support seeking predicted fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety at low rumination levels but was not associated with benefits as rumination increased. For depression symptoms, social support seeking predicted more symptoms at high rumination levels. Results were stronger for emotion-focused than problem-focused support seeking and for depression compared with anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that cognitive risk factors like rumination may explain some inconsistencies in previous social support literature, and highlight the importance of a nuanced approach to studying so...
Fiber devices for ultrahigh-speed photonics

Progress in our laboratory on ultrashort-pulse fiber lasers, memories and switches is reviewed. We discuss the polarization-additive-pulse-modelocking principle and operating characteristics of soliton lasers, the generation of femtosecond pulse durations and higher pulse energies with stretched-pulse lasers, harmonic modelocking for high repetition-rate pulse generation and optical buffering, and optical switching results obtained with a dispersion-imbalanced nonlinear loop mirror.
Natural Gas Value-Chain and Network Assessments

The current expansion of natural gas (NG) development in the United States requires an understanding of how this change will affect the natural gas industry, downstream consumers, and economic growth in order to promote effective planning and policy development. The impact of this expansion may propagate through the NG system and US economy via changes in manufacturing, electric power generation, transportation, commerce, and increased exports of liquefied natural gas. We conceptualize this problem as supply shock propagation that pushes the NG system and the economy away from its current state of infrastructure development and level of natural gas use. To illustrate this, the project developed two core modeling approaches. The first is an Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) approach which addresses shock propagation throughout the existing natural gas distribution system. The second approach uses a System Dynamics-based model to illustrate the feedback mechanisms related to finding new supplies of natural gas - notably shale gas - and how those mechanisms affect exploration investments in the natural gas market with respect to proven reserves. The ABM illustrates several stylized scenarios of large liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from the U.S. The ABM preliminary results demonstrate that such scenario is likely to have substantialmore » effects on NG prices and on pipeline capacity utilization. Our preliminary results indicate that the price of natural gas in the U.S. may rise by about 50% when the LNG exports represent 15% of the system-wide demand. The main findings of the System Dynamics model indicate that proven reserves for coalbed methane, conventional gas and now shale gas can be adequately modeled based on a combination of geologic, economic and technology-based variables. A base case scenario matches historical proven reserves data for these three types of natural gas. An environmental scenario, based on implementing a $50/tonne CO 2 tax results in less proven reserves being developed in the coming years while demand may decrease in the absence of acceptable substitutes, incentives or changes in consumer behavior. An increase in demand of 25% increases proven reserves being developed by a very small amount by the end of the forecast period of 2025.« less
Mechanisms of transmission of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) fungus, Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomphthorales : Entomophthoraceae) and effects of site conditions on its prevalence

Sampling for the gypsy moth fungus, Entomophaga maimaiga , was carried out in 10 plots in Connecticut to determine the importance of overwintering fungal load, rainfall, gypsy moth abundance, and physiographic site conditions to fungal prevalence. At one of the plots, gypsy moths were also exposed daily in cages on the soil and at 2 m in shrubs to examine the pathogen transmission potential of germinating resting spores and of conidia produced by diseased larvae. Gypsy moth population levels and an index of site moisture (as determined by tree composition) were marginally related to fungus prevalence. However, the relationship between fungal prevalence and population was an inverse one, opposite that found in a previous study. Resting spore load did not appear to affect prevalence; it is possible that a threshold effect occurs. Daily sampling showed that germination of resting Spores is necessary for infection of early-stage larvae, but that conidia produced from diseased larvae are mainly responsible for infection of late-stage caterpillars. Maximum germination of resting spores occurred 1 or 2 d after significant precipitation, whereas the greatest production of conidia from diseased caterpillars took place on the day of rainfall. We hypothesize that in areas where overwintering resting spores are abundant, the most important determinant of fungal effectiveness will be rainfall amount and pattern.
Synergistic role of prolactin in response of male rat sex accessories to androgen.

Summary and conclusionsLactogenic hormone (LTH) alone or together with testosterone propionate (TP) produced a significant increment in the weight of the seminal vesicle. When given with TP, LTH produced an increase in the amount of glandular tissue in the ventral prostate. Growth hormone (STH) alone or together with TP did not produce any consistently significant increase in the weight of the accessories. When TP, LTH and STH were administered simultaneously to the same test animals, the weight response of all accessories was significantly greater than that to androgen alone. The data are interpreted as indicating that a synergism among the 3 hormones may operate to stimulate sex accessory growth in the male Sprague-Dawley rat.
Adult Feeding Host Range and Migratory Activities of Com Earworm, Cabbage Looper, and Celery Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths as Evidenced by Attached Pollen

This study was conducted to determine the host plant feeding range and possible migratory activities of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), through analysis of pollen attached to their bodies. Pollen grain identification from 392 moths captured in southern Texas and southern Oklahoma showed that moths fed on a wide range of plants including Citrus, Salix, Quercus , and Pithecellobium . Such information provides insight on the feeding range of adults and aids in the selection of plants attractive to the adult, enabling isolation and identification of adult feeding attractants. Thirty percent of H. zea moths collected in southern Texas and 6% of those collected in southern Oklahoma were contaminated with Citrus pollen. Citrus is not native to Oklahoma, and associated weather systems and atmospheric trajectories strongly suggest that H. zea and T. ni moths labeled with Citrus pollen had moved at least 700 km northward from southern Texas.
Low Temperature Growth of Gaas Quantum Well Lasers by Modulated Beam Epitaxy

GaAs single quantum well lasers have been successfully grown at low temperatures by a modulated beam epitaxy process in which the Al/Ga flux is held constant while the As flux is periodically shut off to produce a metal-rich surface. Devices grown at a substrate temperature of 500 °C exhibit threshold current densities below 1 kA/cm 2 . This value is lower than normally grown low temperature lasers and is the lowest achieved by any low substrate temperature growth technique. In addition, low temperature (10 K) photoluminescence of single quantum wells grown with this technique exhibit full-width half maximum values, comparable to that attainable by higher temperature growth techniques. The improved quality of these low temperature grown quantum structures is attributed to both a smoothing of the growth front and a reduction of excess As during the modulated beam epitaxy process. The high growth rates and less frequent shutter operation of this technique make it a more practical than migration enhanced epitaxy or atomic layer epitaxy for low temperature growth.
Production of Mercaptoethanol Sensitive, Slowly Sedimenting Antibody in the Duck.

Discussion and conclusionsThe above data indicate the presence of mercaptoethanol sensitive, slowly sedimenting anti-BSA antibody in the duck which by gel filtration and radio-immunoelectrophoresis did not behave like a mammalian 7S γ globulin. The gel filtration experiment suggested that the antibody was somewhat larger in size than the 7S proteins and the radioimmunoelectrophoretic patterns localized the antibody activity to a protein which migrated separately from the 7S γ globulin line. This antibody bears a striking resemblance in some of its characteristics to the β2A (γ1A) immunoglobulin described in the mammal. Although the evidence is still not complete, data obtained with ragweed skin-sensitizing antibody indicate that β2A (γ1A) antibodies are a) larger than 7S(8), and b) mercaptoethanol sensitive(9).Mercaptoethanol sensitive, slowly sedimenting antibody has been recently observed in non-mammalian vertebrates such as the chicken(2,3), frog and goldfish(1), and turtle. The finding of this class o...
A systems approach to cancer therapy. (Antioncogenics + standard cytotoxics-->mechanism(s) of interaction).

The molecules described herein as antiangiogenic agents and antimetastatic agents represent a wide variety of molecular structures with a wide variety of biological effects and targets. Most often these agents have been generally classified as antiangiogenic or antimetastatic by their effects in an in vitro bio-assay system. The diversity in this group of molecules gives strength to the potential of this approach in therapeutic applications. The biological and biochemical pathways involved in angiogenesis are numerous and redundant. It is likely that there are many angiogenic factors and many pathways of invasion, therefore it is likely that blockade of more than one pathway related to angiogenesis and/or invasion will be necessary to impact on the natural progress of a malignant disease. The vasculature forms the first barrier to penetration of molecules into tumors. Although the antiangiogenic agent treatments administered in this study did not inhibit angiogenesis in these tumors completely, the vasculature present in the treated tumors may be impaired compared to control tumors. Overall, therefore, the best speculation is that the main targets for the antiangiogenic agents are extracellular matrix processes and/or tumor endothelial cells and that inhibition and/or impairment of these non-malignant functions can improve therapeutic responses when used in combination with cytotoxic therapies. The incorporation of antiangiogenic agents and/or antimetastatic agents into therapeutic regimens represents an important challenge. The successful treatment of cancer requires the eradication of all malignant cells and therefore treatment with cytotoxic therapies. The compatibility of antiangiogenic therapy and/or anti-invasion agents with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is not obvious [316]. The goal of the addition of any non-cytotoxic potentiator to a therapeutic regimen is to take a good therapy and, without additional toxicity, ‘push’ it to cure. Cyclophosphamide is a good drug against the Lewis lung carcinoma although no long-term survivors of animals bearing Lewis lung carcinoma are achieved with cyclophosphamide treatment alone. Adding antiangiogenic agents to treatment of this tumor with cyclophosphamide produced a cure rate of 40–50%, meaning that both the primary and metastatic disease has been eradicated in these animals. Cures were achieved only when the antiangiogenic treatments extended from days 4–18 post Lewis lung tumor implantation. The results obtained with the addition of antiangiogenic agents to cytotoxic anticancer therapies in in vivo models of established solid tumors have been very positive and provide direction for future clinical trials including these antiangiogenic agents. Two conclusions may be drawn. First, combinations of antiangiogenic and/or antimetastatic agents evoke a greater effect on tumor response to therapy than does treatment with single agents of these classes. Second, treatment with antiangiogenic agents and/or antimetastatic agents can interact in a positive way with cytotoxic therapies.
Further constraints on the bizarreness effect: Elaboration at encoding Bridget Robinson-Riegler

In this study, we attempted to determine why the mnemonic benefit of bizarreness is not found with the use of complex sentences (i.e., those containing additional modifiers of nouns) as stimuli. Several explanations were investigated, including the idea that complexity reduces the imageability of the sentence and the idea that complexity itself is mnemonically beneficial. The results of four experiments favored the latter explanation. We suggest that the cues associated with the complexity of the sentence provide more effective or salient retrieval cues than do those associated with sentence bizarreness. Consequently, the mnemonic benefit of bizarreness appears to occur only with relatively impoverished encoding contexts (e.g., simple, unelaborated sentences).
Ion concentration changes in renal cells during regulatory volume decrease

Electron-probe microanalysis was employed to follow ion concentration changes during regulatory volume decrease. The measurements were performed on isolated tubule bundles, which were dissected from medullary rays of New Zealand White rabbit kidneys. Cell swelling and subsequent regulatory volume decrease were induced by incubating the bundles in 190 mosM medium; control bundles were incubated in 290 mosM medium. Under both conditions, the detectable ions accounted for approximately 80% of the intracellular osmolarity. All cells lost significant amounts of Na, K, and Cl during cell volume regulation. While in the proximal straight tubule more than one-half of the ions lost were Na and Cl, in principal and intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct and in the thick ascending limb the losses of Na and Cl played only a minor role. The efflux of Na and K greatly exceeded the Cl efflux, suggesting the loss of an additional undetectable anion (bicarbonate). Separate measurements in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and several cellular organelles revealed some inhomogeneity of the subcellular ion distribution.
Carbon Emissions Embodied in Trade

This chapter will analyze China’s carbon emissions embodied in domestic and international trade, based on the consumption emission accounting.
The Attouch-Wets Topology for Convex Functions

A proper lower semicontinuous convex function f on a normed linear space X, identified with its epigraph, is a nonempty closed convex subset of X × R containing no vertical lines that recedes in the vertical direction: whenever (x,α) ∈ epi f, and β > α, then (x,β) ∈ epi f. Hyperspace topologies defined on C(X × R) naturally induce topologies on Γ(X). In this chapter, we look in some depth at an important topology on Γ(X) that arises in this way: the Attouch-Wets topology. For one thing, the convergence of a sequence of closed convex sets corresponds to the convergence of the associated sequences of indicator functions, support functions, and distance functions. Furthermore, convergence of a sequence of proper lower semicontinuous convex functions in the Attouch-Wets topology implies and is implied by the Attouch-Wets convergence of functions dual to the originals in Γ*(X*). Continuity of polarity for convex sets easily falls out of this result for convex functions. Thus, the Attouch-Wets topology is stable with respect to duality. Moreover, the strength of Attouch-Wets topology, as well as its overall tractability in terms of estimation, make it a highly potent convergence concept applicable to convex optimization and approximation problems.
Dense (aged) circulating red cells contain normal concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The densest 0.1%--1% of circulating red cells were separated from fresh blood, and the ATP content of a representative sample of such cells was determined. The dense (“old”) cells had decreased amounts of ATP relative to unfractionated cells. However, the dense cells were also smaller, and the concentration of ATP in these cells was the same as in controls. Therefore, it seems unlikely that loss of cellular ATP is a causative factor in removal of senescent red cells from the circulation.
Role of intracellular poroelasticity on freezing-induced deformation of cells in engineered tissues.

Freezing of biomaterials is important in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including cryopreservation and cryosurgeries. For the success of these applications to various biomaterials, biop...
From Partiinost' to Nauchnost' and Not Quite Back Again: Revisiting the Lessons of the Lysenko Affair

Stalin's support for Trofim Lysenko in the late 1940s has come to exemplify Stalinist science and the deleterious effects of gross political intervention in scientific affairs. In this article, Ethan Pollock turns our attention to the harsh criticism of Lysenko that occurred in the Central Committee in the last years of Stalin's life and situates that criticism within a broader move in Soviet ideology toward nauchnost' or scientific truthfulness. In the later 1950s nauchnost' grew even stronger in nearly every other field of science. Still, Lysenko prolonged his hold on power in Soviet agricultural science as Nikita Khrushchev attempted to reassert the importance of partiinost’ or partymindedness. Lysenko's promises of great agricultural rewards and plans to radically transform nature were only fully rejected by the party when Khrushchev himself was removed from office.
Charged Hadron Nuclear Modification Factors in the Beam Energy Scan Data from STAR

Suppression of high transverse momentum (pT ) charged hadrons can be measured by the nuclear modification factor, which compares binary collision scaled pT spectra from central heavy-ion collisions to a reference, either proton-proton (RAA) or peripheral heavy-ion collisions (RCP) by taking their ratio. At high sNN the nuclear modification factor at high pT is observed to be suppressed, i.e. less than unity. The complex array of processes that can modify particle spectra in nuclear collisions span cold nuclear matter effects, a strongly interacting medium, and an extended phase of hadronic re-scatterings. RHIC’s broad range of collision systems and energies combined with model comparisons provide the tools to investigate the beam energy dependence of nuclear modification factors and help to disentangle the spectral modifications that are due to each of these contributions. Measurements of charged hadron RCP( sNN , pT) for sNN = 7.7 200GeV show a smooth transition from strong enhancement of high pT charged hadrons at low energies to strong suppression at high energies. AMPT and HIJING failed to reproduce the results from data. Further tuning of the models may yet facilitate the investigation of the relative contributions from jet quenching and Cronin enhancement.
Results of the VALOR II trial of the Medtronic Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft.

Abstract Background The 1-year results of endovascular exclusion of degenerative descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTA) with the Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, Calif) have been previously reported. With long-term follow-up now complete, the 5-year results are reported. Methods The VALOR II trial (Evaluation of the Clinical Performance of the Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft System in the Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aneurysms of Degenerative Etiology in Subjects Who Are Candidates for Endovascular Repair) was a prospective, nonrandomized trial of the Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft system in patients with degenerative DTA. The trial involved 24 sites in the United States and enrolled patients between December 2006 and September 2009. Standard follow-up included physical examination, computed tomography, and chest radiography through 5 years. Results The study enrolled 160 patients. The average age was 72.2 years (range, 36-85 years), 95 (59%) were men, 150 (94%) had hypertension, and 26 (16%) had renal insufficiency. There were 50 patients (31%) who presented with symptoms; back pain was the most common (34 [68%]). The average aneurysm diameter was 57 mm (range, 32-96 mm). There were 103 patients (64%) with a fusiform aneurysm and 57 (36%) with a saccular aneurysm or penetrating ulcer. Two or more devices were implanted in 126 patients (79%), and the maximum number of grafts implanted was four. There were 54 deaths during the study. The 5-year actuarial survival was 64%. There were eight aneurysm-related deaths (5 deaths ≤30 days of implant), and the 5-year freedom from aneurysm-related death was 95%. There was one conversion to open repair at 36 months. Eleven patients underwent 13 secondary procedures (9 for endoleak, 3 for aneurysm expansion, and 1 rupture). Follow-up imaging was available at 5 years for 56 patients. The average aortic diameter decreased >5 mm in 27 patients (48%), increased >5 mm in 6 patients (11%), and remained unchanged in 23 (41%). Conclusions The VALOR II 5-year results demonstrate that the reintervention and aneurysm-related death rates are low. The Valiant Thoracic Stent Graft is an effective treatment of degenerative DTA.
A functional approach to integrating grinding temperature modeling and Barkhausen noise analysis for prediction of surface integrity in bearing steels

Abstract The use of NDE techniques such as Barkhausen Noise Analysis (BNA) for detection of grinding induced thermal damage is often application specific due to variables in the grinding process. In this paper, Malkin’s grinding energy partition model is applied in conjunction with BNA to reliably predict occurrence of thermal damage in through-hardened bearing steels independent of grinding variables. Various intensities of material transformation such as surface, sub-surface retempering and rehardening were accurately detected and validated by metallography and residual stress analysis. The results demonstrate that material-specific models independent of grinding process variables can be effectively utilized to predict thermal damage.
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome and Epigenetic Alterations.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder in humans characterized by growth and psychomotor delay, abnormal gross anatomy, and mild to severe mental retardation (Rubinstein and Taybi, Am J Dis Child 105:588–608, 1963, Hennekam et al., Am J Med Genet Suppl 6:56–64, 1990). RSTS is caused by de novo mutations in epigenetics-associated genes, including the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREBBP), the gene-encoding protein referred to as CBP, and the EP300 gene, which encodes the p300 protein, a CBP homologue. Recent studies of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cognitive functions in mice provide direct evidence for the involvement of nuclear factors (e.g., CBP) in the control of higher cognitive functions. In fact, a role for CBP in higher cognitive function is suggested by the finding that RSTS is caused by heterozygous mutations at the CBP locus (Petrij et al., Nature 376:348–351, 1995). CBP was demonstrated to possess an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity (Ogryzko et al., Cell 87:953–959, 1996) that is required for CREB-mediated gene expression (Korzus et al., Science 279:703–707, 1998). The intrinsic protein acetyltransferase activity in CBP might directly destabilize promoter-bound nucleosomes, facilitating the activation of transcription. Due to the complexity of developmental abnormalities and the possible genetic compensation associated with this congenital disorder, however, it is difficult to establish a direct role for CBP in cognitive function in the adult brain. Although aspects of the clinical presentation in RSTS cases have been extensively studied, a spectrum of symptoms found in RSTS patients can be accessed only after birth, and, thus, prenatal genetic tests for this extremely rare genetic disorder are seldom considered. Even though there has been intensive research on the genetic and epigenetic function of the CREBBP gene in rodents, the etiology of this devastating congenital human disorder is largely unknown.
Electrochemical (de)lithiation of silver ferrite and composites: mechanistic insights from ex situ, in situ, and operando X-ray techniques

The structure of pristine AgFeO2 and phase makeup of Ag0.2FeO1.6 (a one-pot composite comprised of nanocrystalline stoichiometric AgFeO2 and amorphous γ-Fe2O3 phases) was investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A new stacking-fault model was proposed for AgFeO2 powder synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The lithiation/de-lithiation mechanisms of silver ferrite, AgFeO2 and Ag0.2FeO1.6 were investigated using ex situ, in situ, and operando characterization techniques. An amorphous γ-Fe2O3 component in the Ag0.2FeO1.6 sample is quantified. Operando XRD of electrochemically reduced AgFeO2 and Ag0.2FeO1.6 composites demonstrated differences in the structural evolution of the nanocrystalline AgFeO2 component. As complimentary techniques to XRD, ex situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) provided insight into the short-range structure of the (de)lithiated nanocrystalline electrodes, and a novel in situ high energy X-ray fluorescence nanoprobe (HXN) mapping measurement was applied to spatially resolve the progression of discharge. Based on the results, a redox mechanism is proposed where the full reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 and partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ occur on reduction to 1.0 V, resulting in a Li1+yFeIIIFeIIyO2 phase. The Li1+yFeIIIFeIIyO2 phase can then reversibly cycle between Fe3+ and Fe2+ oxidation states, permitting good capacity retention over 50 cycles. In the Ag0.2FeO1.6 composite, a substantial amorphous γ-Fe2O3 component is observed which discharges to rock salt LiFe2O3 and Fe0 metal phase in the 3.5-1.0 V voltage range (in parallel with the AgFeO2 mechanism), and reversibly reoxidizes to a nanocrystalline iron oxide phase.
Exploratory modelling analysis: visualizing the value of variables

Many models may fit the same dataset almost equally well. Some variables may be included in all these models, some variables may be exchangeable, some may only appear in a few models. This talk discusses ways of visualizing and assessing the contribution variables make to individual models and the contribution they make to model ensembles.
Universal Lipid Screening in 9- to 11-Year-Olds Before and After 2011 Guidelines

Abstract Objective To determine whether the 2011 guidelines for universal routine screening for dyslipidemia in children aged 9 to 11 years, published by the Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, are being followed by pediatric primary-care providers. Methods Retrospective data were obtained for 63,951 well-child visits (WCV) in children aged 9 to 11 years from 2 health care systems and 1 insurance program from 2009 to 2015. The proportion of WCV that had a lipid panel or total cholesterol test performed within 1 year of the visit was compared for 2009–2011 versus 2013–2015. Associations between demographic variables and lipid screening were evaluated with logistic regression. The frequency of tested children who had abnormal lipid results was evaluated. Results Only 3.5% of 9- to 11-year WCV had lipid tests performed in association with the visit before and after the guidelines. Of those tested, 43% had an abnormal lipid result. Conclusions Utah clinicians rarely follow guidelines for universal lipid screening of children aged 9 to 11. This represents a missed opportunity to identify children at risk for early-onset cardiovascular disease.
Enhancing Survivorship Care Planning for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Using a Couple-Focused mHealth Symptom Self-Management Program: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

Background: This project explores a new model of care that enhances survivorship care planning and promotes health for men with localized prostate cancer transitioning to posttreatment self-management. Survivorship care planning is important for patients with prostate cancer because of its high incidence rate in the United States, the frequent occurrence of treatment-related side effects, and reduced quality of life (QOL) for both men and their partners. A key component of comprehensive survivorship care planning is survivorship care plans (SCPs), documents that summarize cancer diagnosis, treatment, and plans for follow-up care. However, research concerning the effectiveness of SCPs on patient outcomes or health service use has thus far been inconclusive. SCPs that are tailored to individual patients’ needs for information and care may improve effectiveness. Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility of an enhanced survivorship care plan (ESCP) that integrates a symptom self-management mHealth program called Prostate Cancer Education and Resources for Couples (PERC) into the existing standardized SCP. The specific aims are to (1) examine the feasibility of delivering ESCPs and (2) to estimate the magnitude of benefit of ESCPs. Methods: We will use a two-group randomized controlled pretest-posttest design and collect data at baseline (T1) and 4 months later (T2) among 50 patients completing initial treatment for localized prostate cancer and their partners. First, we will assess the feasibility of ESCP by recruitment, enrollment, and retention rates; program satisfaction with the ESCP; and perceived ease of use of the ESCP. To achieve the secondary aim, we will compare the ESCP users with the standardized SCP users and assess their primary outcomes of QOL (overall, physical, emotional, and social QOL); secondary outcomes (reduction in negative appraisals and improvement in self-efficacy, social support, and health behaviors to manage symptoms); and number of visits to posttreatment care services between T1 and T2. We will assess the primary and secondary outcomes using measurements with sound psychometrical properties. We will use a qualitative and quantitative mixed methods approach to achieve the research aims. Results: This project is ongoing and will be completed by the end of 2018. Conclusions: The results from this study will help design a definitive randomized trial to test the efficacy of the ESCPs, a potentially scalable program, to enhance supportive care for prostate cancer patients and their families. [JMIR Res Protoc 2018;7(2):e51]
Radiological Aspects of PWR Systems

Light water reactors are characterized by the fact that water serves as both the coolant and moderator. Two major types of reactors dominate the LWR industry, the pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR). This chapter describes those PWR systems of concern to radiation protection personnel while Chap. 3 provides an overview of BWR systems. The primary objective is to present those aspects of system design and interrelationships that impact plant radiological conditions. The function and purpose of various systems are presented along with their associated radiological hazards. System descriptions are provided in sufficient detail to allow radiation protection personnel to assess radiological conditions associated with various plant operating conditions.
Nonlinear σ model and static holes

We study certain aspects of the nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model regularized on the lattice in two space and one Euclidean-time dimensions using the Monte Carlo method. For certain purposes this model is considered as the long-wavelength limit of the quantum spin-S antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in two space dimensions, where the different spin cases map to different values of the coupling constant g of the \ensuremath{\sigma} model. For the value of g that corresponds to the spin-1/2 case on the square lattice, we find that the most probable configurations are characterized by large-ampltiude short-range quantum fluctuations. Such configurations lack smoothness, which, however, can be achieved by means of real-space block-spin transformations. We calculate the Berry phase correlations, namely, the correlation function ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$==〈exp{iS[\ensuremath{\Sigma}(${\mathbf{r}}_{\mathit{i}}$)+(-1${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{i}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{j}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}$\ensuremath{\Sigma} (${\mathbf{r}}_{\mathit{j}}$)]}〉, where \ensuremath{\Sigma}(${\mathbf{r}}_{\mathit{i}}$) is the area on the unit sphere defined by the path of the spin located at the spatial lattice point ${\mathbf{r}}_{\mathit{i}}$ during its Euclidean-time evolution. We find that the contribution to hole-hole attraction from such correlations is limited to distances of a few lattice spacings. Finally, we examine the possible presence of topological monopole singularities in configurations, and we find only spin-wave excitations.
FOOD-BORNE ILLNESS IN THE NAVY—ANALYSIS OF 243 OUTBREAKS*†

A total of 243 outbreaks of possible food-borne illness reported in the Navy during the three-year period 1950–52 is analyzed. Although the number of outbreaks of streptococcal sore throat is small...
Ultrasonic communications for real-time video-rate data transmission through tissue

Wireless implanted medical devices (IMDs), which communicate data wirelessly from sensors within the body to a receiver outside of the body, are poised to be significant contributors to medical diagnostics and treatment procedures. Currently, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves are the most frequently used communication method for wireless IMDs. However, high attenuation of RF in the body and strict regulations on the RF frequency spectrum limit the data rates to 267 kbps for in vivo applications. Considering standard definition video streaming requires 1.2 Mbps, and HD requires greater than 3 Mbps, it is not possible to use RF communication, for example, in applications that require real-time video transmission and, possibly, intervention such as real-time video capsule endoscopy. In our work, we use ultrasonic waves to communicate through tissue at video-capable data rates (>1.2 Mbps). Previously, we demonstrated a 4 Mbps data rate with BER less than 1 10-4through beef liver using small, 2-mm biocompatible transducers at 1.3 MHz. In this study, we will investigate the effects of target motion on data rates and demonstrate real-time communication links in situ in a dead animal and in vivo.
The transpacific tempest: Relational sovereignty and spiritual sociogenesis:

This article examines the intersection of The Tempest adaptations and militarization across the Caribbean and Pacific. Through an analysis of the South Korean writer Ch’oe In-Hun’s 1973 novel The T...
Politics of Space Law in a Post Cold War Era: Understanding Regime Change

A pattern exists whereby U.S. domestic space law has exhibited a tendency of setting commercialization and privatization trends. Over time, commercialization and privatization processes became the norm for satellite telecommunications, remote sensing, space transportation & launch services, space stations and spaceports. This paper provides an overview of space law from its beginning, through its changes, and today’s new increased private-sector participation. The position taken herein is that something akin to legal precedent is in the process of being established with respect to private space tourism, private space trips, space exploration and other related space activities. Considering this legal trend - from the formation and purpose of the COMSAT Corporation to the recent political and legal issues surrounding the U.S. Orbit Act - this paper entertains possible emerging legal trends which have begun to spark. This includes possible legal implications of the New Vision for Space Exploration Policy, and for space tourism, space mining and space settlements as humankind journeys out to develop the final frontier. This dissertation sets forth the argument that a Gramscian analysis provides a more adequate explanatory framework than the mainstream theories of realism or neoliberal institutionalism as applied to the study of the outer space development regime. Neither theory explains why new actors and new actions are distinctly occurring in outer space development in the post cold War era. It also traces how the legitimation of norms is linked to free market ideology and capitalism’s dominance in the Post Cold War era. A pattern of space lawmaking exists wherein laws are created to support new industries. This situation may be contrary to the purpose of international law.
Allocation and Operation of A Hydropneumatic Energy Storage with Building Microgrid

Behind-meter application for a recently invented hydropneumatic Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) is focused in this research. Considering possible uncertainties from solar radiation and electricity load in a building microgrid, two-stage stochastic programming is adopted for 15-min operation and a mixed-integer nonlinear stochastic model is built with integrated energy systems of GLIDES, solar panel and power generating unit. In order to make the model computationally tractable, we use sample average approximate method to decrease associated complexity with sample size and improve solving efficiency. The experimental results in deterministic and stochastic operation indicate that best candidate solution from SAA are superior to the solution from expected value problem in terms of optimality gap and variance.
Where do the poor live in cities? Revisiting the role of public transportation on income sorting in US urban areas

Glaeser et al. (2008) argue that the relative distribution of poor and rich households (HHs) in American cities is “strongly” explained by the spatial location of the cities’ public transportation (PT) networks. Among their claims: 1) The broad distribution of poor and rich HHs in the typical American city is consistent with a basic monocentric city model that includes commute technology speeds; 2) Poor commuters will overwhelmingly transition from commuting by PT to car if they experience a substantial increase in their HH’s income; 3) areas in American cities that receive new PT infrastructure become poorer over time. Using 2017 data I find empirical evidence that partially or wholly contradicts these three claims. First, as of 2017, the observed concentration of poor HHs in the inner city and rich HHs in the suburbs of the US’ smaller cities cannot be explained by monocentric model that includes commute speeds. Second, as of 2017, significant increases in poor HHs’ incomes were not expected to lead to a “massive shift” towards car commuting in these HHs; most of these poor workers commute by car already. Third, using data from four cities that expanded their light-rail and rapid-bus network in the early 2000s, I find that neighborhoods surrounding new light-rail or rapid-bus stations either saw little change in their income patterns or became slightly richer after station opening. In conclusion, as of 2017, the spatial distribution of HH incomes within American urban areas is not as intricately linked to the location of PT networks as Glaeser et al. (2008) would have us believe. As an addendum to the analysis I add some thoughts on how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect commuting behavior and income distributions within urban areas over the next decade.
The Amish Health Culture and Culturally Sensitive Health Services: An Exhaustive Narrative Review

Abstract As the Amish population is growing, researcher and practitioner interest in the Amish health culture is also growing. This is largely due to demand from practitioners for population-specific cultural guidance. Once a small area of study, health-themed publications in Amish studies (n = 246) now account for approximately one-fourth of all peer-reviewed publications, and a sizeable percentage address the health culture, i.e. Amish beliefs, practices, attitudes, decision-making processes, financing, and values. In this article, we provide a first-ever exhaustive narrative review of the Amish health culture literature (addressing Amish health conditions elsewhere). Specifically, we address Amish use of modern medicine, complementary & alternative medicine, cultural norms for birthing and intercourse, support and care for the sick and aged, health knowledge, payment for services, barriers to service access, service provider effectiveness, health programming, and ethical conflicts. Our goal is to organize the literature, synthesize findings, identify orienting perspectives, and clarify research questions and directions. Following our synthesis, we reflect on the current state of Amish health culture research, drawing particular attention to strengths and limitations of the oft-used cultural competency paradigm, and recommending more rigorous social scientific theorization of the Amish health culture.
Interglacials, Milankovitch Cycles, and Carbon Dioxide

The existing understanding of interglacial periods is that they are initiated by Milankovitch cycles enhanced by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. During interglacials, global temperature is also believed to be primarily controlled by carbon dioxide concentrations, modulated by internal processes such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Recent work challenges the fundamental basis of these conceptions.
How Firms Should Hedge

Substantial academic research explains why firms should hedge, but little work has addressed how firms should hedge. We assume that firms can experience costly states of nature and derive optimal hedging strategies using vanilla derivatives (e.g., forwards and options) and custom "exotic" derivative contracts for a value-maximizing firm facing both hedgable (price) and unhedgable (quantity) risks. Customized exotic derivatives are typically better than vanilla contracts when correlations between prices and quantities are large in magnitude and when quantity risks are substantially greater than price risks. Finally, we discuss how our model may be applied in practice. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Higher Education in the Midst of a Pandemic: A Dean's Perspective.

This paper suggests changes that are likely to occur in higher education resulting from the coronavirus pandemic from a retired dean’s perspective. Global events like the Great Depression and World War II led to significant societal and cultural changes. This global pandemic will have the same impact. Higher education will not be the same in the future. What makes it difficult to predict its future is the fact that colleges and universities have no predetermined guidelines for how to offer an entire academic program during a worldwide health crisis. Administrators are having to figure out how to respond on the fly. This isn’t to say there is no future for higher education. However, no colleges or universities will be able to conduct business as usual. For those who survive this changed environment, a significant re-assessment of every aspect of its enterprise will be required. This will include financial viability, mission, academic programs, program delivery, technology, library and student services.