cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Rank Tensor Subspace Learning for RGB-D Action Recognition

RGB-D action data inherently equip with extra depth information to improve performance of action recognition compared with RGB data, and many works represent the RGB-D data as a third-order tensor containing a spatiotemporal structure and find a subspace with lower dimension. However, there are two main challenges of these methods. First, the dimension of subspace is usually fixed manually, which may not describe the samples well in the subspace. Second, preserving local information by finding the intra-class and inter-class neighbors from a manifold is highly time-consuming. In this paper, we learn a tensor subspace, whose dimension is learned automatically by low-rank learning, for RGB-D action recognition. Particularly, the tensor samples are factorized to obtain three projection matrices (PMs) by Tucker Decomposition, where all the PMs are performed by nuclear norm in a close-form to obtain the tensor ranks, which are used as tensor subspace dimension. In addition, we extract the discriminant and local information from a manifold using a graph constraint. This graph preserves the local knowledge inherently, which is faster than the previous way of calculating both the intra-class and inter-class neighbors of each sample. We evaluate the proposed method on four widely used RGB-D action datasets including MSRDailyActivity3D, MSRActionPairs, MSRActionPairs skeleton, and UTKinect-Action3D datasets, and the experimental results show higher accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
The Generalized Pair Chart for Right­Censored Observations

The pair chart is known to be a convenient descriptive tool in comparing two samples and in calculating and interpreting various nonparametric procedures for the two­sample problem (see Quade (1973)). To incorporate rightcensored data in the two­sample problem, a generalized pair chart is considered and the same is utilized in the schematic computation of Gehan's W­statistic (Gehan (1965)) and a triplet statistic (see Crouse and Steffens (1969)) among others. An alternative pair chart based on partial observations is also considered. A maximal distance statistic, based on the generalized pair chart, has been considered for testing the hypothesis of equality of the two distributions.
Adding wearable technology to a behavioral program resulted in less weight loss than adding Web-based self-monitoring.

Source Citation Jakicic JM, Davis KK, Rogers RJ, et al. Effect of wearable technology combined with a lifestyle intervention on long-term weight loss: the IDEA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016...
A Critical Examination of the AICPA’s New “Conceptual Framework” Ethics Protocol

What does it look like when an organization tentatively steps away from an exclusively rules-based regime and begins to attend to both rules and principles? What insights and guidance can ethicists and ethical theory offer? This paper is a case study of an organization that has initiated such a transition. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has begun a turn toward the promotion of ethical principles and best practices by adding a “conceptual framework” to its existing Code of Professional Conduct (Code). This conceptual framework calls upon its members to intentionally increase their awareness of significant threats to their compliance with its rules of conduct and to establish safeguards to offset or eliminate those threats. To this end, each member is required to regard every questionable situation, circumstance, transaction or relationship by attempting to view it through the eyes of an imagined reasonable third party. This paper examines this protocol theoretically and practically. First, we frame this analysis within the principles and ethical concepts that inform the professional ethics of accountants. Second, we critique the AICPA’s long-standing rules-based approach to its Code. Third, we examine the new conceptual framework with a view toward its potential for the promotion of a more principles-based approach to the professional ethics of the accounting profession. Fourth, we give attention to the notion of the “reasonable and informed third party,” which has been embedded in the new conceptual framework, and consider how two schools of thought—Adam Smith’s modernist “impartial spectator” concept and Emmanuel Levinas’ postmodern phenomenology in regard to “the Other”—may offer theoretical support and clarity for this epistemic exercise. Finally, we point out several ways in which the AICPA’s commitment to its new conceptual framework could be strengthened and enhanced.
Theoretische Betrachtung der Konstrukte Resilienz und Persönlichkeit

Der Begriff der Resilienz kommt aus dem Lateinischen „resilere“ und bedeutet „zuruckspringen“ oder „abprallen“. Resilienz stammt ursprunglich aus der Physik und bedeutet dort so viel wie in seinen ursprunglichen Zustand zuruckkehren, wobei damit die Eigenschaften von Materialien beschrieben werden, elastisch und flexibel auf ausere Einwirkungen zu reagieren und dabei dennoch ihre Form zu bewahren (Kormann, 2009).
Making the Newest Citizens: Achieving Universal Birth Registration in Contemporary Brazil

AbstractIdentity documentation is essential to secure the rights, benefits, and services that modern states provide. Historically, significant numbers of poor Brazilians lacked core documents, begi...
A Healthcare Improvement Intervention Combining Nucleic Acid Microarray Testing With Direct Physician Response for Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

Background Nucleic acid microarray (NAM) testing for detection of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) and S. aureus resistance gene determinants can reduce time to targeted antibiotic administration. Evidence-based management of SAB includes bedside infectious diseases (ID) consultation. As a healthcare improvement initiative at our institution, with the goal of improving management and outcomes for subjects with SAB, we implemented NAM with a process for responding to positive NAM results by directly triggered, mandatory ID consultation. Methods Preintervention, SAB was identified by traditional culture and results passively directed to antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) pharmacists. Postintervention, SAB in adult inpatients was identified by Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture test, results paged directly to ID fellow physicians, and consultation initiated immediately. In the new process, ASP assisted with management after the initial consultation. A single-center, retrospective, pre-/postintervention analysis was performed. Results One hundred six preintervention and 120 postintervention subjects were assessed. Time to ID consultation after notification of a positive blood culture decreased 26.0 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.1 to 7.1 hours, P < .001) postintervention compared with preintervention. Time to initiation of targeted antibiotic decreased by a mean of 21.2 hours (95% CI, 31.4 to 11.0 hours, P < .001) and time to targeted antibiotics for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus decreased by a mean of 40.7 hours (95% CI, 58.0 to 23.5 hours, P < .001). The intervention was associated with lower in-hospital (13.2% to 5.8%, P = .047) and 30-day (17.9% to 8.3%, P = .025) mortality. Conclusions Compared with an ASP-directed response to traditionally detected SAB, an efficient physician response to NAM was associated with improved care and outcomes for SAB.
What Is Essential and What Is Peripheral for Libraries

Through the lenses of libraries' current outsourcing initiatives, the chapter opens a conversation on library core expertise for collection services. Collection curation, enrichment, and preservation are described as essential skills, which are explained here in the context of the collection services supply chain. Throughout the ongoing conversation, the chapter examines assumptions, functions, practices, tasks, and end goals of supporting units along the supply chain. The purpose of the chapter is to provide some new thinkings on libraries' unique contributions to the knowledge industry and reevaluate their current investments in collection services and their process priorities.
High-purity single photon emitter in aluminum nitride photonic integrated circuit

Efficient, on-demand, and robust single photon emitters (SPEs) are important to a wide varity of applications in quantum information processing [1]. Over the past decade, color centers in solid-state systems have emerged as excellent SPEs [2] and have also been shown to provide optical access to internal spin states at room and cyogenic temperatures. Color centers in diamond [3] and silicon carbide [4] are among the most intensively studied SPEs. Recently, other cost-efficient wide-bandgap materials have become attractive as potential host materials. Theoretical calculations show that aluminum nitride (AlN) with a bandgap of 6.015 eV can serve as a stable environment for well isolated SPEs with optically accessible spin states [5].
Abstract 19133: Inhibition of ANGPTL3 by Evinacumab Reduced Triglycerides (TGs) and LDL-C in Subjects Presenting With Modest Elevations in TGs and/or LDL-C, Recapitulating the Hypolipidemic Effects of Loss-of-Function (LoF) Mutations of ANGPTL3

Introduction: Elevations in LDL-C and TGs have been linked to increased CHD risk. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) has a central role in lipid metabolism, and LoF mutations of ANGPTL3 in humans have b...
Mucous Gland Adenoma

Mucous gland adenomas are rare benign neoplasms believed to arise from minor salivary-type glands of the bronchi. They are usually solitary and their diagnosis is seldom made pre-operatively. Endoscopically, they appear as pink to white sessile polypoid structures with smooth glistening surfaces. Little is known about their radiographic appearance but on CT they have been described as well-demarcated intraluminal masses abutting into the bronchus or presenting with an air-meniscus sign. Others may appear as coin lesions. Grossly the lesions are well circumscribed and, as noted earlier, polypoid in appearance.
Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease Events and T1 Mapping Defined Hepatic Fibrosis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis in at least 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of secondary causes, such as viral hepatitis, steatogenic medications, or moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption.1 NAFLD, the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States, represents a spectrum of histological findings, including simple steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis, which can progress to end-stage liver disease.2 In addition to the risk for advanced liver disease, patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death in NAFLD.3 See Article by Ostovaneh et al Numerous possible underlying mechanisms may contribute to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD. First, worsened insulin resistance,3,4 possibly from decreased insulin clearance and hyperinsulinemia,5 results in increased free fatty acid release from adipose tissue. Patients with NAFLD have increased fatty acid transport receptors in the liver, which results in increased uptake of plasma free fatty acids.6 There is also an increase in triglyceride synthesis in the liver (de novo lipogenesis) in NAFLD, possibly from hepatic insulin resistance and an inability of insulin to suppress gluconeogenesis. Ultimately, increased fatty acid uptake and increased triglyceride synthesis result in an accumulation of hepatic triglycerides, further worsening fatty liver.6 The liver secretes triglycerides into the blood as very-low-density lipoprotein. Triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoproteins are broken down in the periphery to triglycerides and intermediate-density and low-density lipoproteins. In NAFLD, there is an increase in hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein secretion and accumulation of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in the blood which increases the risk for atherosclerosis.7 Second, excess free fatty acids induce inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, which may result in metabolic lipotoxicity8 and endothelial dysfunction.9,10 Finally, NAFLD is associated with …
Partial Differential Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the partial differential equations. The subject of partial differential equations has been aptly described by J. L. Kazdan as a wilderness. The chapter describes the frontier applications of science that leads to the study of partial differential equations in space and time. Current developments in mathematical physics, energy problems, and other areas have given impetus to such research and linearization techniques. The techniques assume that a nonlinear system is almost linear to take advantage of well-known techniques. The usual statistical separability problems requiring closure approximations are eliminated with the reasonable assumption of statistical independence of the system input and the system itself. Quasi-monochromaticity assumptions are unnecessary, and processes can be assumed to be general physical processes rather than white noise. White noise is not a physical process. Physical inputs are neither unbounded nor do they have zero correlation times. If fluctuations are small, the results of perturbation theory are exactly obtained.
Derivation of One-Dimensional Conservation Equations of Pressure Transients

The one-dimensional partial differential equations of mass and momentum are derived by applying control volume methods to an elastic conduit containing a compressible fluid. The derivation is accomplished by choosing a control surface to be represented by a differential element having cross sections (ends) fixed in space and wall boundary coincident with the pipe wall. By not including the pipe wall itself in the control volume the developed relationships do not directly include effects of the structure other than those of radial motion.
Low-Frequency Acoustic Microscopy

Since acoustic microscopy was first invented by Quate and Lemons,1 many workers in the field have built acoustic microscopes ranging in frequency from tens of megahertz to hundreds of gigahertz, nd for a wide variety of applications in materials characterization, integrated circuits evaluation, and medical applications. In this work, we use the acoustic microscope as a quantitative nondestructive evaluation tool, our main purpose being the detection and characterization of defects present within 1 mm of the surface of a sample.
Superconducting Energy Storage

Energy storage with large superconducting magnets is one of the possible new components in a power system. Serious feasibility studies are under way in the United States at the University of Wisconsin and at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The preliminary opinion by both groups is that such units should be technically feasible. As of the date of this writing (summer 1973), there is less certainty that such units can be designed, constructed, and operated economically.
An Abundance of Sweet

The well-known and ill-fated comedic excursion of Lucille Ball and her friend Ethel to work on the conveyor belt in a chocolate factory is the allegorical focus. I sketch vocational dilemmas attendant to the cascade procession of sweet lives, and their management, in our work, and illustrate this blessed predicament using a recent encounter with a long-ago student.
Evolution, Constraint, and Optimality in Primate Feeding Systems

Evolutionary biomechanical studies of primate feeding systems have benefited from deployment of techniques for measurement of food material properties, digital collections of morphological and experimental data, comparative analyses of the effects of phylogeny, size, and shape, and computational modeling of bone function.
Neurotoxic events associated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a case series

BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone and with chemotherapy led to a dramatic increase in survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemi...
After the choosing ceremony: Using role-play to teach organizational socialization

Course: Organizational Communication.Objectives: The goal of this activity is to teach students about the stages of organizational socialization and how individuals might be socialized into an orga...
A lingüística cognitiva e a pesquisa sobre metáfora: sucessos passados, questionamentos céticos, futuros desafios

Uma importante razao para o grande interesse pela metafora nos ultimos 20 anos esta na pesquisa realizada pela Linguistica Cognitiva. Os linguistas cognitivos adotam a ideia de que a metafora nao e meramente uma parte da lingua, mas reflete uma parte fundamental da nossa maneira de pensar, raciocinar e imaginar.Um grande numero de estudos empiricos em Linguistica Cognitiva tem, de diferentes modos, oferecido suporte a essa ideia. Meu objetivo neste artigo e descrever os fundamentos empiricos do trabalho da Linguistica Cognitiva sobre a metafora, apresentar varios questionamentos sobre esse trabalho, e responder algumas dessas questoes/criticas. Eu tambem aponto varios desafios que a Linguistica Cognitiva deveria encarar em futuros trabalhos sobre a metafora na lingua, no pensamento e na cultura.
Evaluating the Extension of Batteries Life in Hybrid Storage Solutions

Hybrid storage solutions have been proposed so to take advantage of the specific characteristic and performances of individual energy storage technologies. In this paper we analyze how the use of a supercapacitor in parallel with a traditional lithium battery can affect the cycle life of the battery itself. The simulation results show that the ratio between super capacitor capacity and battery capacity along with the shape of the load profile change the obtained battery life extension. The analysis performed in this paper is intended to support an economical convenient design of hybrid storage solutions for micro-grid applications.
UCIN–GEAR: A FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DETERMINING STRESSES IN SPUR GEARS

UCIN-GEAR is a two-dimensional, finite-element computer program developed for determining stresses in standard involute spur gears. It is developed so that the user need supply only a minimum of data defining the gear and tooth geometry, the gear material, and the loading conditions.
TREM-1 Protects HIV-1-Infected Macrophages from Apoptosis through Maintenance of Mitochondrial Function

Macrophages are a reservoir for latent human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV) infection and a barrier to HIV eradication. In contrast to CD4+ T cells, macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effects of acute HIV infection. Emerging data suggest a role for TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) in this resistance to HIV-mediated cytopathogenesis. Here, we show that upon HIV infection, macrophages increase the expression of BCL2, BCLXL, TREM1, mitofusin 1 (MFN1), and MFN2 and the translocation of BCL2L11 (BIM) to the mitochondria and decrease the expression of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and BAX while maintaining a 95% survival rate over 28 days. The HIV proteins Tat and gp120 and the GU-rich single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) (RNA40) from the HIV long terminal repeat region (and a natural Toll-like receptor 8 [TLR8] agonist) induced similar effects. TREM1 silencing in HIV-infected macrophages led to decreased expression of BCL2, BCLXL, MFN1, and MFN2 and increased expression of BAD and BAX. This correlated with a significant increase in apoptosis mediated by a disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), leading to the release of cytochrome c and caspase 9 cleavage. Exposure of TREM1-silenced macrophages to Tat, gp120, or RNA40 similarly resulted in the disruption of Δψm, cytochrome c release, caspase 9 cleavage, and apoptosis. Thus, our findings identify a mechanism whereby HIV promotes macrophage survival through TREM1-dependent upregulation of BCL2 family proteins and mitofusins that inhibits BCL2L11-mediated disruption of Δψm and subsequent apoptosis. These findings indicate that TREM1 can be a useful target for elimination of the HIV reservoir in macrophages.IMPORTANCE The major challenge to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is the development of strategies that lead to viral eradication. A roadblock to accomplishing this goal is the lack of an approach that would safely eliminate HIV from all resting/latent reservoirs, including macrophages. Macrophages are a key part of the innate immune system and are responsible for recognizing invading microbes and sending appropriate signals to other immune cells. Here, we found that HIV induces the upregulation of the protein TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1), which signals an increase in the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, thus promoting survival of HIV-infected macrophages.
Chapter 47 – Dormouse

Publisher Summary Graphiurus kelleni or the African dormouse is a relatively small rodents, with an average body length ranging from 7–10 cm, and with body weight ranging between 18 and 23 g. Members of this species are generally mouselike in appearance, but resemble squirrels or chipmunks, as they possess furred tails. Their bodies are covered with thick, soft, golden brown fur. Dormice are mainly arboreal animals, agile, and well adapted to climbing, as they possess well-developed footpads. G. kelleni are nocturnal and have an excellent sense of hearing, and can signal each other with a range of vocalizations. They are omnivorous, typically feeding on fruits, berries, flowers, nuts, and insects. G. kelleni and other dormice are unique among rodents in that they lack a cecum. The dormouse is highly susceptible to lethal infections with MPXV and a valuable animal model for the evaluation of prophylactics and therapeutics against MPXV infections. G. kelleni have characteristics that make them most practical for modeling the disease since they can be housed in conventional rodent caging, they reproduce well under laboratory conditions, and they can be maintained free of common laboratory murine pathogens.
Artin-Schreier binomials

We consider polynomials of the form ℘ n ( X ) − a over F, a field of characteristic p > 0, where ℘ is the Artin-Schreier operator given by x ↦ x p − x . We call such a polynomial an Artin-Schreier ...
First-Trimester Abortion Complications: Simulation Cases for OB/GYN Residents in Sepsis and Hemorrhage.

Introduction Serious complications associated with first-trimester abortions are rare. The US mortality rate for these procedures is 0.7 per 100,000, primarily due to infection and hemorrhage. Whil...
Mapping genetic effects on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility and annotating complex trait variants using single nucleus ATAC-seq

Gene regulation is highly cell type-specific and understanding the function of non-coding genetic variants associated with complex traits requires molecular phenotyping at cell type resolution. In this study we performed single nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and genotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 individuals. Clustering chromatin accessibility profiles of 66,843 total nuclei identified 14 immune cell types and sub-types. We mapped chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs) in each immune cell type and sub-type which identified 6,248 total caQTLs, including those obscured from assays of bulk tissue such as with divergent effects on different cell types. For 3,379 caQTLs we further annotated putative target genes of variant activity using single cell co-accessibility, and caQTL variants were significantly correlated with the accessibility level of linked gene promoters. We fine-mapped loci associated with 16 complex immune traits and identified immune cell caQTLs at 517 candidate causal variants, including those with cell type-specific effects. At the 6q15 locus associated with type 1 diabetes, in line with previous reports, variant rs72928038 was a naive CD4+ T cell caQTL linked to BACH2 and we validated the allelic effects of this variant on regulatory activity in Jurkat T cells. These results highlight the utility of snATAC-seq for mapping genetic effects on accessible chromatin in specific cell types and provide a resource for annotating complex immune trait loci.
Anne de Graville Translates Alain Chartier: Identifying the Manuscript Source in the Margins of B.N. fr. 2253

An examination of the single manuscript of Anne de Graville’s Rondeaux , a ‘translation’ of Alain Chartier’s La Belle Dame sans mercy , as well as consideration of Carl Wahlund’s 1897 critical edition reveals that Anne used several manuscripts and early printed editions in establishing the version of Chartier’s poem written in the margins of BN fr 2253. The base exemplar was most likely St. Petersburg, National Library of Russia MS fr. f° v. XIV. 0007, with variants found in BN fr 20026, BN fr 924, and the early printed editions.
Computing Groebner bases of ideals of few points in high dimensions

A contemporary and exciting application of Groebner bases is their use in computational biology, particularly in the reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks from experimental data. In this setting, the data are typically limited to tens of points, while the number of genes or variables is potentially in the thousands. As such data sets vastly underdetermine the biological network, many models may fit the same data and reverse engineering programs often require the use of methods for choosing parsimonious models. Grobner bases have recently been employed as a selection tool for polynomial dynamical systems that are characterized by maps in a vector space over a finite field. While there are numerous existing algorithms to compute Groebner bases, to date none has been specifically designed to cope with large numbers of variables and few distinct data points. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing Grobner bases of zero-dimensional ideals that is optimized for the case when the number m of points is much smaller than the number n of indeterminates. The algorithm identifies those variables that are essential, that is, in the support of the standard monomials associated to a polynomial ideal, and computes the relations in the Groebner bases in terms of these variables. When n is much larger than m, the complexity is dominated by nm^3. The algorithm has been implemented and tested in the computer algebra system Macaulay 2. We provide a comparison of its performance to the Buchberger-Moeller algorithm, as built into the system.
Quantifying the Financial Value of Clinical Specialty Choice and Its Association With Competitiveness of Admissions.

Background The factors influencing medical student clinical specialty choice have important implications for the future composition of the US physician workforce. The objective of this study was to determine the career net present values (NPVs) of US medical students’ clinical specialty choices and identify any relationships between a specialty’s NPV and competitiveness of admissions as measured by the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores. Methodology NPVs were calculated using the results of the 2019 Doximity Physician Compensation report, a survey of 90,000 physicians. Mean USMLE Step 1 scores for matched US allopathic seniors in the 2018 National Resident Matching Program were used as a measure of clinical specialties’ competitiveness of admissions. We calculated a composite measure of NPV and annual work-hours by dividing each specialty’s NPV by the reported average number of hours worked per year. Results In our analysis, orthopedic surgery had the highest NPV ($10,308,868), whereas family medicine had the lowest NPV ($5,274,546). Dermatology and plastic surgery had the highest mean USMLE Step 1 scores (249 for both), whereas family medicine had the lowest (220). Clinical specialties’ NPVs were positively associated with mean USMLE Step 1 scores (Pearson’s r = 0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, we describe associations suggesting that medical students respond to financial incentives in choosing clinical specialties and that these decisions are mediated by USMLE Step 1 scores. This underscores the importance of titrating and aligning incentives to improve the allocation of medical students into clinical specialties.
Welfare Standards in U.S. and E.U. Antitrust Enforcement

The potential goals of antitrust are numerous. Goals matter to antitrust. We believe that it is total welfare rather than consumer welfare that should drive antitrust analysis. We use this Article as an opportunity to explore both a comparative analysis of welfare standards across E.U. and U.S. competition systems and the impact of welfare standards on global antitrust systemwide welfare. In this Article, we analyze two types of situations in which there would be a different outcome based on the goal implemented. One scenario involves resale price maintenance (RPM). For RPM, we argue that even if there were a different welfare standard across jurisdictions as between Europe and the United States, in practice, it would have very little global impact. The second scenario involves merger control. We analyze a divergence in welfare standards between merger regimes where the use of efficiencies might play out differently across Europe and the United States depending on the welfare standard used. Under this second scenario, the welfare standard matters globally as to business outcomes in a way in which it does not under the first scenario. If one major merger regime blocks the merger, it effectively blocks the merger globally. Finally, we provide our concluding thoughts on the future and desirability of convergence around total welfare as the sole goal in the practice of competition economics globally.
University of Nebraska unmanned aerial system (UAS) profiling during the LAPSE-RATE field campaign

Abstract. This paper describes the data collected by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) as part of the field deployments during the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) flight campaign in July 2018. The UNL deployed two multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) at multiple sites in the San Luis Valley (Colorado, USA) for data collection to support three science missions: convection initiation, boundary layer transition, and cold air drainage flow. We conducted 172 flights resulting in over 21 h of cumulative flight time. Our novel design for the sensor housing onboard the UAS was employed in these flights to meet the aspiration and shielding requirements of the temperature and humidity sensors and to separate them from the mixed turbulent airflow from the propellers. Data presented in this paper include timestamped temperature and humidity data collected from the sensors, along with the three-dimensional position and velocity of the UAS. Data are quality-controlled and time-synchronized using a zero-order-hold interpolation without additional post-processing. The full dataset is also made available for download at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4306086 ( Islam et al. , 2020 ) .
A cluster of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with exposure to metalworking fluids.

Background Workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF) can develop respiratory illnesses including hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). These respiratory manifestations are likely due to microbial contamination of aerosolized MWF. This paper reports a cluster of HP and respiratory symptoms at a manufacturing plant where MWF and workplace air were contaminated with bacterial endotoxin despite frequent negative bacterial cultures of MWF. Methods A pulmonologist assessed and treated three workers with respiratory symptoms. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspected the plant. OSHA's investigation included bacterial culture of MWF, measurement of endotoxin concentrations in MWF and workplace air, review of the employer's fluid management program, and distribution of a cross-sectional symptom questionnaire. Results Three workers had biopsy-confirmed HP. In addition, 30.8% of questionnaire respondents reported work-related respiratory symptoms. OSHA detected endotoxin levels as high as 92,000 endotoxin units (EU)/ml in MWF and 3200 EU/m3 in air. Endotoxin concentrations and risk of MWF inhalation were highest near an unenclosed multistation computer numerical control machine. A contractor had tested this machine's MWF for bacterial growth weekly during the preceding three years, and most (96.0%) of those tests were negative. Conclusions Contaminated MWF can cause severe occupational lung disease even if microorganisms do not grow in fluid cultures. Endotoxin testing can increase the sensitivity of detection of microbial contamination. However, employers should not rely solely upon MWF testing data to protect workers. Medical surveillance and meticulous source control, such as engineering controls to suppress MWF mist and prevent its inhalation, can reduce the likelihood of respiratory disease.
Development of an Instrument to Assess Attitudes toward Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

There is a need for more students to be interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers to advance U.S. competitiveness and economic growth. A consensus exists that improving STEM education is necessary for motivating more students to pursue STEM careers. In this study, a survey to measure student (grades 4–6) attitudes toward STEM and STEM careers was developed and administered to 662 students from two STEM-focused and three comprehensive (non-STEM-focused) schools. Cronbach's alphas for the whole survey and subscales indicated a high internal consistency. Statistically significant difference in means between students attending the STEM-focused and comprehensive schools on the two subscales of the survey and the overall survey were found. However, the explained variance for these results was approximately 1%. The survey is a useful tool to assess efficacy of STEM education programs on student attitudes toward STEM and STEM careers.
Radial Solutions of Quasilinear Elliptic Differential Equations

This paper constitutes a short survey of the subject of radial solutions for quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations where the underlying domain is either a ball, an annular region, the exterior of a ball, or the whole space. In case the dependence of the equation on the independent variable is only in the radial direction, special solutions of such equations may be sought which depend only on the radial variable and as such are solutions of a boundary value problem for an associated nonlinear ordinary differential equation.
Network reconfiguration of distributed controlled homogenous power inverter network using composite Lyapunov function based reachability bound

We outline a methodology to determine the reachability bound of a homogeneous interactive power network (IPN) with wireless distributed control by using a piecewise linear (PWL) model of the system. By formulating a convex optimization problem based on a composite Lyapunov function and solving this problem using linear-matrix-inequality solvers, we predict the reaching criteria for orbital existence. We investigate the impacts of time delays due to the wireless network and communication-channel disruptions on the reachability bound and performance of the IPN. Because of the infeasibility of modeling such network control systems (NCS) in a deterministic framework, we adopt a probabilistic approach based on Markov chains to model the wireless network and incorporate them into the PWL models of the system. Using these models, we analyze the reaching conditions of the IPN in a probabilistic domain and comment on the mean-square stability of the system. Further, we demonstrate how communication fault-tolerant protocols can be implemented to ensure that the IPNs operate within their reachability and performance bounds, despite one or more disruptions in the communication channels.
Diode array process instrumentation for the near IR

Abstract The use of the photodiode-array (PDA) detector for the design of analytical spectrophotometers has been proposed since the early 1970s, however, the practical implementation of this technology did not occur until the early 1980s. The use of PDA technology presents the promise of instrument longevity due to a fixed grating and detector assembly. The traditional problems associated with interferometer- and moving dispersive grating-based systems arise from mechanical misalignment and wear of critical moving parts with time. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the technical challenges associated with using a PDA-based spectrophotometer for high performance short-wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) measurements.
Short pulse electric field sterilization of liquid media

In recent years, researchers have investigated methods of liquid sterilization by applying pulsed high electric fields with some degree of success. The mechanism by which microorganisms are damaged has been shown to be a function of the local electric field and exposure time while independent from thermal and electrolytic effects from the applied pulse. Most published experiments have employed electrical pulses of 10's of kV and microsecond long pulse lengths. We are employing electrical pulses in the 100's of kV range with 100 nanosecond long pulse lengths. This type pulse should be more effective at killing microorganisms and minimize energy losses due to thermal processes in the liquid media.
Catastrophe Theory and the Study of War

The methodologies and conceptual frameworks employed by contemporary scholars do not satisfactorily account for the outbreak of international violence. Particularly frustrating to the analyst are the facts: (1) Some wars start and escalate suddenly while others begin and gradually build in intensity; yet in either case assumed causal factors are seen to vary smoothly and continuously through time. (2) The international system may be either at war or at peace at two separate time points even though the causal factors exhibit similar configurations. What is required is a framework that can deal with continuous and discontinuous dependent variables and continuous independent variables. Catastrophe theory provides the necessary classifactory structure in which to construct a systemic-level theory of the occurrence of international violence. Changes in the level of violence in World War I and World War II and the differences between these two conflicts are interpreted in the context of a particular catastrophe...
Proposed neutron activation analysis facilities in the Advanced Neutron Source

Abstract A number of analytical-chemistry experimental facilities are being proposed for the Advanced Neutron Source. Experimental capabilities will include neutron activation analysis, prompt gamma-ray analysis and neutron depth profiling. This paper describes the various systems proposed and some of their important characteristics.
Integrated Development Planning, Supportive Public Policies, and Corporate Commitment: A Recipe for Thriving Major Cities in Aichi, Japan

In spite of Japan’s economic slowdown during the 1990s, major cities in Aichi Prefecture have continued to thrive. Nevertheless, these, and others in Japan, have largely been ignored by Western sch...
Models for deferred decision making

Abstract Deferred decision theory assumes two simple hypotheses, observations that are purchased sequentially, losses for incorrect terminal decisions, and a constant loss per observation which may depend on the true hypothesis. After every observation, the decision maker may either make a terminal decision and incur a terminal loss if he is incorrect or purchase another observation; his objective is to minimize subjectively expected loss. The optimal decision policy is presented and numerical results are given for Gaussian and exponential stimulus models. The theory is extended to the case where loss per observation varies from one trial to another. Predictions regarding statistics obtained from data are derived, effects of discrepancies from the optimal decision policy are examined, and descriptive models are proposed and compared to the normative model.
The spectrum of gastrointestinal strongyloidiasis: an endoscopic-pathologic study

Purpose: Although the literature on strongyloidiasis is extensive, there is a remarkable paucity of information about the endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal (GI) strongyloidiasis, with most information coming from sporadic case reports. The aim of this study was to present a detailed endoscopic-pathologic study of patients with various forms of GI strongyloidiasis.
Playing politics with policy: A conversation with Steven J. Pfohl

In this conversation, Stephen J. Pfohl and Maureen E. Kelleher discuss Pfohl’s experience as the chair of the Massachusetts Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee. During Pfohl’s tenure, the committee looked at the highly visible and politicized problem of violent teenagers. Pfohl reflects on the experience of chairing a committee made up of diverse representatives, leading them through a policy study process, and delivering a report with policy recommendations to the governor. He also shares insights into the political aspects of policy making.
Social communication patterns of attention-deficit-disordered boys.

This study was designed to compare the social communication patterns of attention-deficit-disordered (ADD) and normal boys. This was accomplished by employing a “TV Talk Show” social role-playing procedure in which the task required different strategies for the roles of “host” and “guest. ” Groups of ADD and normal elementary-age boys were formed, and each boy was paired with a normal classmate. Measures of communication competence were coded from videotapes made of subject and partner social interactions while performing both roles. Results indicated that the ADD boys, in contrast to the control group, failed to modulate their social communication behaviors as task demands shifted. Additionally, the behavior of the ADD boys resulted in their normal partners' altering their response patterns in order to maintain the equilibrium in the dyadic interaction. These results suggest that the social behavior of ADD children is relatively independent of environmental requirements and may contribute to the inappropriate responding of others.
Comparison of healing process in transected spinal cords grafted with autogenous brain tissue, sciatic nerve, and nodose ganglion

Abstract Autotomy inevitably developed in a transected spinal cord. The wound remained structurally disrupted at two sites. One within the spinal cord stump at the tissue-fluid interface lined with fibrous astrocytes, and the other at the collagenous connective tissue disc formed at the gap space. The collagenous disc was inhibited by autografts of brain tissue, sciatic nerve and nodose ganglion. The tissue-fluid interface was not affected by autografts of brain tissue, but was remarkably suppressed by autografts of sciatic nerve and partially by nodose ganglion. Unequivocally convincing structural continuity was achieved in the group grafted with autogenous sciatic nerve.
Abstract 3371: Iodoacetate and 3-bromopyruvate exert differential effects on human neuronal tumor SK-N-SH and U-87 cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Recent interests in the “Warburg effect” stimulated a variety of studies that have demonstrated many aggressive cancers have adapted to hypoxia and shifted to a glycolytic phenotype depending on their micro-environment. However, the mechanisms underlying their adaptive behavior have not been delineated. To further investigate our hypothesis that glycolytic enzymes are targets for new anti-cancer drug discovery, we have examined the effects of iodoacetate (IAA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP), an inhibitor of hexokinase II, on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and astrocytoma U-87 cells. Our results from survival assays showed that both IAA and 3-BP induced concentration- and time-dependent lowering of survival of both cell types, with the effects of IAA being more potent than those of 3-BP in both cell types while SK-N-SH cells being more susceptible than U-87 cells to 3-BP-induced cytotoxicity. Employing lactate dehydrogenase release from cells to medium as a marker for necrosis, we also found IAA was more potent than 3-BP in inducing necrosis in both cells types. Further investigation employing flow cytometric analysis revealed that at 1-10 µM, IAA induced more apoptosis in SK-N-SH than in U-87 cells while at the higher levels in this range, IAA induced more necrosis relative to apoptosis in both cell types. However, at 10-40 µM, 3-BP induced mainly apoptosis but little necrosis in both cell types. Our results are therefore consistent with the notion that IAA and 3-BP exert differential effects in inducing apoptosis and necrosis in SK-K-SH and U-87 cells. Studies are ongoing to further elucidate the signaling mechanisms mediating these effects induced by IAA and 3-BP. Thus, our findings may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in employing glycolysis as a target for discovering new drugs for treating aggressive brain tumors. Citation Format: Alok Bhushan, Tanushree Chatterji, Wendy Wong, Nisha Rizvi, Anurag K. Balaraju, Aishwarya Neti, James C.K. Lai. Iodoacetate and 3-bromopyruvate exert differential effects on human neuronal tumor SK-N-SH and U-87 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3371. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3371
Base-pairing between distant regions of the Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA in solution.

Abstract Intramolecular crosslinks have been introduced into Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA in aqueous solution by irradiation in the presence of hydroxymethyl-trimethylpsoralen. When the crosslinked RNA is denatured and examined in the electron microscope the most striking features are a variety of large open loops. In addition, because the crosslinked molecules are shortened compared to non-crosslinked molecules, there are likely to be small hairpins not resolved by the present technique. The sizes and positions of 11 loop classes have been determined and oriented on the molecule. The frequency of occurrence of the different classes of loops depends on the crosslinking conditions. When the crosslinking is done in solutions containing Mg 2+ , at least four of the loop classes appear with greater frequency than they do in 3.5 m m -NaCl. The loops presumably arise because complementary sequences separated by long intervening regions are being crosslinked. These base-pairing interactions between residues distant in the primary structure appear to be prominent features of the secondary structure of rRNA in solution.
Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KYW laser

Summary form only given. We present what is, to our best knowledge, the first self-starting mode-locked Yb/sup 3+/:KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (Yb:KYW) laser based on Kerr-lensing effect. The 10-at.% Yb/sup 3+/-doped KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ crystal is 4-mm long with Brewster angle for the E//b signal beam and is cooled to 18/spl deg/C. The gain material is CW end-pumped by two 100 /spl mu/m stripe laser diodes operating at 940 nm with a spectral bandwidth of /spl sim/3 nm FWHM. One of these diodes is slightly damaged and its light is focused to a beam diameter of 120 /spl mu/m/spl times/30 /spl mu/m (1/e/sup 2/ intensity) with 1.25 W reaching the crystal. The light of the other diode is focused to a beam diameter of 110 /spl mu/m/spl times/30 /spl mu/m (1/e/sup 2/ intensity) with 1.35 W reaching the crystal. Over 90% pump light is absorbed and we obtain 580 mW CW output power with a 2% output coupler without prisms in the cavity.