cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cleavage/Packaging Protein, UL32, Is Involved in Efficient Localization of Capsids to Replication Compartments

Six genes, including UL32, have been implicated in the cleavage and packaging of herpesvirus DNA into preassembled capsids. We have isolated a UL32 insertion mutant which is capable of near-wild-type levels of viral DNA synthesis; however, the mutant virus is unable to cleave and package viral DNA, consistent with the phenotype of a previously isolated temperature-sensitive herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant, tsN20 (P. A. Schaffer, G. M. Aron, N. Biswal, and M. Benyesh-Melnick, Virology 52:57–71, 1973). A polyclonal antibody which recognizes UL32 was previously used by Chang et al. (Y. E. Chang, A. P. Poon, and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 70:3938–3946, 1996) to demonstrate that UL32 accumulates predominantly in the cytoplasm of infected cells. In this report, a functional epitope-tagged version of UL32 showed that while UL32 is predominantly cytoplasmic, some nuclear staining which colocalizes with the major DNA binding protein (ICP8, UL29) in replication compartments can be detected. We have also used a monoclonal antibody (5C) specific for the hexon form of major capsid protein VP5 to study the distribution of capsids during infection. In cells infected with wild-type KOS (6 and 8 h postinfection), 5C staining patterns indicate that capsids are present in nuclei within replication compartments. These results suggest that cleavage and packaging occur in replication compartments at least at 6 and 8 h postinfection. Cells infected with the UL32 mutant exhibit a hexon staining pattern which is more diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus and which is not restricted to replication compartments. We propose that UL32 may play a role in “bringing” preassembled capsids to the sites of DNA packaging and that the failure to localize to replication compartments may explain the cleavage/packaging defect exhibited by this mutant. These results suggest that the UL32 protein is required at a step distinct from those at which other cleavage and packaging proteins are required and may be involved in the correct localization of capsids within infected cells.
Unified treatment of regularized helicity amplitudes for arbitrary spins

A new set of regularized helicity amplitudes, that is, linear combinations of helicity amplitudes which are free of kinematic singularities, are defined and have certain advantages over those previously defined. The most useful advantage is a unified prescription for each mass configuration independent of the spins of the particles. Constraint equations at pseudothresholrls and conspiracy relations at δ = 0 are given in terms of the regularized helicity amplitudes. It is shown that if both of the initial (or final) particles have either integral or half-integral spins, threshold constraint equations in the unequal-mass case relate amplitudes of the same dominant parity. If one of the initial particles has integral and the other has half-integral spin, in the limit of larget, the unequalmass constraint equations involve amplitudes of the same dominant parity. Analyticity in the mass variables is considered, and the smooth transition from unequal to equal masses for regularized helicity amplitudes is demonstrated.
Identification and isolation of the gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DNA damage-inducible gene required for mitotic viability.

Abstract Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the first step in the pathway for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase was isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA expression library in lambda gt11 by a fortuitous cross-reaction with anti-RecA antibodies. The cross-reaction was due to an identity between the last four amino acids of each protein. The gene has been named RNR2 and is centromere linked on chromosome X. The nucleotide sequence was determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence, 399 amino acids, shows extensive homology with other eucaryotic ribonucleotide reductases. Transplason mutagenesis was used to disrupt the RNR2 gene. A novel assay using colony color sectoring was developed to demonstrate visually that RNR2 is essential for mitotic viability. RNR2 encodes a 1.5-kilobase mRNA whose levels increase 18-fold after treatment with the DNA-damaging agent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. CDC8 was also found to be inducible by DNA damage, but POL1 and URA3 were not inducible by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The expression of these genes defines a new mode of regulation for enzymes involved in DNA biosynthesis and sharpens our picture of the events leading to DNA repair in eucaryotic cells.
Diferencias Ambiguas: memorias visuales y la diversidad de lenguajes en la Oaxaca posrevolucionaria

En este articulo, la autora analiza la naturaleza de lo que constituye identidad cultural, distincion y pertenencia. Especificamente, aborda el papel que juegan los iconos visuales aeespecialmente en los trajes de mujeres como marcadores consensuales alrededor de los cuales se pueden hacer por lo menos dos tipos de aseveraciones que compiten entre si por las cualidades historicas y materiales (o "geneticas") de la culturamisma: Memoria ("senales de identidad") y Pertenencia ("identidad cultural"). Para ello, la autora comienza con una breve discusion de un proyecto del porfiriato tardio para construir un inventario visual de la cultura oaxaquena. Despues, examina el papel de la indumentaria de mujer en los proyectos culturales del gobierno revolucionario de Oaxaca. Finalmente, analiza un espectaculo cultural patrocinado por el Estado moderno en el cual las mujeres compiten por el honor de ser la "Diosa del Maiz" que representa a Oaxaca en la gran fiesta folclorica anual de la Guelaguetza.
Geographic Variation in the Mouse Peromyscus difficilis

Two species of Peromyscus — P. difficilis and P. nasutus —have been regarded by some authors as conspecific because of resemblances in morphological features and complementary geographical ranges. Specimens from new, critical localities, particularly southeastern Arizona, provide additional evidence bridging the gap between the two “species.” These together with many of the other specimens from throughout the range—Colorado to Oaxaca—have made possible a more complete taxonomic reevaluation. Most of the 14 morphological features vary in a clinal fashion. This is best shown for length of head-body, tail, hind foot, ear, toothrow, and breadth of braincase. Where the clines are not continuous, the interruptions usually demark the limits of subspecies. We conclude that there is one species, Peromyscus difficilis (J. A. Allen) 1891, with Peromyscus nasutus (J. A. Allen) 1891 as a synonym. As defined, the species consists of eight subspecies.
Limits of solution of trace elements in minerals according to Henry's law: Review of experimental data

Abstract Results of a survey of experimental data on trace element partitioning between crystals and coexisting liquid and between crystals and coexisting aqueous fluid are reported. These studies involve combinations of elements such as Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li, Ba, Sr, Ni and Sm dissolved in minerals such as feldspars, micas, feldspathoids, garnets, pyroxenes, amphibole and olivine. It is shown that the concentration ranges of these elements in minerals with solution behavior according to Henry's law appear to extend to less than 1 wt.% and often to less than 100 ppm of the element in the crystalline phase. The available data indicate that the concentration ranges of solution in minerals according to Henry's law can be positively correlated with the difference of ionic radii between trace element and the host element for which the tracer is assumed to substitute. Furthermore, studies involving crystals and coexisting aqueous fluid have been used to determine whether Henry's law or Raoult's law adequately describes the solution. Based on the assumption that the aqueous fluid solution can be considered ideal, models have been proposed stating that if the difference between the ionic radii of the tracer and the host element in the crystalline phase is less than about 10% (relative to the host element), the solution is ideal (Raoult's law). With larger differences between the ionic radii, there is an excess free energy of mixing, although Henry's law is still obeyed in the concentration ranges where crystalliquid or crystal-fluid partition coefficients are independent of element concentration.
A general overview of amiodarone toxicity: Its prevention, detection, and management

Abstract Although amiodarone is a highly effective antiarrhythmic agent, it has a high incidence of side effects, some of which can be serious or even lethal. With close monitoring, side effects can be found in essentially all patients, but fortunately most of these are mild and well tolerated. Furthermore, many will respond to dosage reduction in a relatively short period of time, ie, days to weeks, which is remarkable considering the long period of time amiodarone has been shown to persist in tissues. There is reasonable evidence that toxicity, particularly the early toxic manifestations with large loading dosages, can be favorably modified by reducing the dosage. Similarly, reducing the maintenance dosage will, in most instances, reduce or eliminate most toxic manifestations. The mechanisms of toxic effects are uncertain, but suggestive evidence exists for and against both an immunologic reaction and an intracellular lysosomal lipoidosis. Principles of use of amiodarone should include individualizing administration of dosages for each patient due to the unusual pharmacokinetic properties of this drug and continuous long-term attempts at using the lowest effective dosage. There are no definite tests that predict amiodarone efficacy or toxicity, but the serum level can be used as a rough guide of absorption and distribution in the attempt to minimize the maintenance dosage. No guidelines regarding screening tests for toxicity can be made at this time since great variability in these tests has been reported, and no evidence exists for their benefit in preventing adverse effects to amiodarone. However, follow-up testing at the intervals noted in the package insert are reasonable and important. The possibility of interactions with drugs already reported and with others not yet reported should always be kept in mind, and appropriate monitoring for clinical evidence of toxicity due to the concomitantly used drugs should be undertaken. Amiodarone can have a tremendous beneficial effect in the proper circumstances, but it is a drug that should command utmost respect because of its side effects and requires constant vigilance from any physician wishing to use it.
GABAA receptor currents recorded from Müller glial cells of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) retina

Abstract The effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) application on acutely isolated, non-cultivated Muller glial cells from the baboon retina was studied using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Application of GABA (0.1 mM) generated inward currents at a holding potential of −80 mV as well as an increase in current noise. The GABA-activated current had a reversal potential of 18.6 mV and was therefore supposed to be a. Cl − current ( E Cl = 5 mV). The GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (0.1 mM) elicited an inward current and bicucullin (0.5 mM), a blacker of the GABA A receptor, diminished the GABA responses in our experiments completely. Baclofen (0.1 mM), a GABA B agonist, neither had an effect when applied under conditions where the dominant Muller cell K + currents were unblocked, nor when the K + currents were blocked by application of Ba 2+ (1 rnM). Glycine (0.1 mM) was ineffective as well. From these results we conclude that the baboon retinal Muller cells possess GABAA receptors. However, these have recently been discovered on skate Muller cells whereas GABA A receptors could not be found on Muller cells of guinea pig, pig, mouse, rat and rabbit.
Quantitative assessment of corneal viscoelasticity using optical coherence elastography and a modified Rayleigh–Lamb equation

We demonstrate the use of a modified Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation in conjunction with noncontact optical coherence elastography to quantify the viscoelastic properties of the cornea. Phase velocities of air-pulse-induced elastic waves were extracted by spectral analysis and used for calculating the Young’s moduli of the samples using the Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation (RLFE). Validation experiments were performed on 2% agar phantoms (n=3) and then applied to porcine corneas (n=3) in situ. The Young’s moduli of the porcine corneas were estimated to be ∼60 kPa with a shear viscosity ∼0.33 Pa·s. The results demonstrate that the RLFE is a promising method for noninvasive quantification of the corneal biomechanical properties and may potentially be useful for clinical ophthalmological applications.
Do Causal Powers Drain Away

(Kim, 1998), the Causal Exclusion Argument. The issue is whether it is a consequence of the Causal Exclusion Argument that all macro level causation (that is, causation above the level of fundamental physics) is an illusion, with all of the apparent causal powers of mental and other macro properties draining into the bottom level of physics. I will argue that such a consequence would give us reason to reject the Causal Exclusion Argument. But there is also a stronger challenge, the charge that, if there is no bottom level of physics, the Causal Exclusion Argument has the consequence that “causal powers would drain away into a bottomless pit and there wouldn’t be any causation
Synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Does a lingering kiss lead to fusion

Abstract Direct optical measurements of single synaptic vesicles undergoing exocytosis at a synapse reveal rapid and complete transfer of membrane marker from the vesicle to the plasma membrane (Zenisek et al., 2002; this issue of Neuron ). Contact between the two membranes is consistent with free lipid exchange, such as might result from full fusion of the vesicle and plasma membranes.
Glucose and Lactate Biosensors for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Imaging of Single Live Cells

We have developed glucose and lactate ultramicroelectrode (UME) biosensors based on glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase (with enzymes immobilized onto Pt UMEs by either electropolymerization or casting) for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and have determined their sensitivity to glucose and lactate, respectively. The results of our evaluations reveal different advantages for sensors constructed by each method: improved sensitivity and shorter manufacturing time for hand-casting, and increased reproducibility for electropolymerization. We have acquired amperometric approach curves (ACs) for each type of manufactured biosensor UME, and these ACs can be used as a means of positioning the UME above a substrate at a known distance. We have used the glucose biosensor UMEs to record profiles of glucose uptake above individual fibroblasts. Likewise, we have employed the lactate biosensor UMEs for recording the lactate production above single cancer cells with the SECM. We also show that oxygen respira...
Physical distribution service performance and Internet retailer margins: The drop-shipping context

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the relationship between Internet retailer margins and retailer promises regarding product distribution service. We focus particularly on Internet retailing in a drop-ship context, because this model provides a purer separation of these activities and the related costs and constitutes a critical context for the empirical examination of the relationship between retailer margins and promises. Drawing upon retailer and consumer perspectives, we articulate and justify a set of propositions regarding the relationships among different Internet retailer margins and promised product distribution service performance. We examine a sample comprising over 2000 retail transactions with customers and find partial empirical support for the set of propositions. Specifically, the results show that product margins and the margins on shipping and handling are inversely proportional. We also find a direct relationship between promised product distribution service performance and shipping and handling margins even after key product characteristics known to influence the cost side of the margin equation are controlled for. These results confirm an intuitively logical view of the relationships among pricing and promised product distribution service performance. The study also offers insights for practitioners regarding the opportunity to enhance performance in this domain and demonstrates the benefit and power of employing objective measures drawn from the vast array of information captured via online transactions.
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the rectum and sigmoid colon

Abstract The literature on the occurrence of multiple primary malignancies has been reviewed. An effort has been made to bring to date the total of such cases in which one or more lesions were located in the anus, rectum, or sigmoid colon. Additional cases have been presented in which there would seem to be no doubt of their multicentric origin. The conclusion is reached that (1) although it is by no means easy to establish evidence of multicentric origin in all cases of multiple malignancy, several cases are found and reported each year. (2) The rate of reported cases is 8.8 per year when the cases are limited to the involvement of anus, rectum and sigmoid colon. (3) It is evident that one malignancy does not confer immunity against another. (4) The possibility of multiple neoplasms should be kept in mind.
Hemorrhage from prolapse of the ileocecal valve: report of a case.

A rare case of recurrent massive colonic hemorrhage caused by ulceration of a prolapsed ileocecal valve is reported. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this condition are discussed.
Stopping and starting the meiotic cell cycle

Abstract The meiotic cell cycle arrests in response to both perturbations and developmental signal. Recent research suggests that meiosis has checkpoints to monitor the completion of meiotic recombination and the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. New insights have been gained into how meiosis resumes after normal development arrests, and new genes have been identified that are required for proper meiotic progression.
Merleau-Ponty, Marx, and Marxism: The problem of history

At the present time, Europe, particularly eastern Europe, is still immersed in a major political transformation, the most significant such change since the Second World War, arising out of the rejection of official Marxism. This unforeseen rejection requires meditation by all those concerned with the relation of philosophy to the historical context. Marxism, that follows Marx’s insistence on the link between a theory and the context in which it arises, cannot be indifferent to the rejection of Marxist theory in practice. In respect to the usual tendency to pass rapidly over practice for a theoretical analysis of social theory, Merleau-Ponty stands out for his concern to evaluate the theoretical claims of Marx and Marxism against practice.
THE STEREOSPECIFICITY OF HYDROGEN TRANSFER TO NAD(P)+ CATALYZED BY LACTOL DEHYDROGENASES

Abstract The stereochemistry of hydrogen transfer to NAD(P)+has been determined for five lactol dehydrogenases. It was found that D-glucose dehydrogenases fromBacillus megateriumandCryptococcus uniguttulatusand L-rhamnose dehydrogenase fromAureobasidium pullulansarepro-S(B) specific, while D-glucose dehydrogenase fromThermoplasma acidophilumand D-xylose dehydrogenase from porcine liver arepro-R(A) specific. The latter two enzymes are the first examples of A-specific dehydrogenases oxidizing aldoses at the anomeric carbon. These findings are discussed in terms of functional and historical models that seek to make predictive generalizations regarding dehydrogenase stereospecificity.
Racial meaning with a mediated generalization procedure

Seventy-eight white and black college Ss, divided equally into white, Negro, and control mediation groups, were tested for generalized responses along a color dimension ranging from medium brown to light tan. Control (no racial meaning implied) and mediational (racial meaning implied) gradients were derived with five colors, two lighter and two darker than the CS. On the control gradient, (1) Ss generalized more to lighter colors than to darker colors, and (2) black Ss generalized more to darker colors and less to lighter colors than did white Ss. No significant mediation or Race by Mediation effect was found.
Individuation in Quantum Mechanics

It has been claimed that the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII) is incompatible with quantum mechanics, considered as a complete theory. Van Fraassen has argued specifically that a conflict between the two arises due to the requirements of Bose-Einstein statistics when imposed on two-particle quantum states. It is shown here that this apparent contradiction of the PII with quantum mechanics can be removed by the introduction of a natural criterion of individuality.
Comparative analysis of fecal content of medium and long chain triglycerides using two methods.

Abstract Accurate assessment of apparent total fat absorption in individuals receiving medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as the predominant source of dietary fat depends upon the method used for fecal fat analysis. Erroneous conclusions may be drawn if the method does not give quantitative recovery of MCT. A simple; previously described, gravimetric technique is shown in this paper to give comparable MCT recoveries to another somewhat more arduous method.
Applicability of Kolmogorov's and Monin's equations of turbulence

The equation relating second- and third-order velocity structure functions was presented by Kolmogorov; Monin attempted to derive that equation on the basis of local isotropy. Recently, concerns have been raised to the effect that Kolmogorov's equation and an ancillary incompressibility condition governing the third-order structure function were proven only on the restrictive basis of isotropy and that the statistic involving pressure that appears in the derivation of Kolmogorov's equation might not vanish on the basis of local isotropy. These concerns are resolved. In so doing, results are obtained for the second- and third-order statistics on the basis of local homogeneity without use of local isotropy. These results are applicable to future studies of the approach toward local isotropy. Accuracy of Kolmogorov's equation is shown to be more sensitive to anisotropy of the third-order structure function than to anisotropy of the second-order structure function. Kolmogorov's 4/5 law for the inertial range of the third-order structure function is obtained without use of the incompressibility conditions on the second- and third-order structure functions. A generalization of Kolmogorov's 4/5 law, which applies to the inertial range of locally homogeneous turbulence at very large Reynolds numbers, is shown to also apply to the energy-containing range for the more restrictive case of stationary, homogeneous turbulence. The variety of derivations of Kolmogorov's and Monin's equations leads to a wide range of applicability to experimental conditions, including, in some cases, turbulence of moderate Reynolds number.
Impact of wave polarization on MIMO platform performance in the wireless home environment

In this study we present a simulation framework for modeling the antenna's spatial interaction with the propagation channel, derived and modeled from measurement campaigns. We present an application of the analysis in the 2400 MHz band. The antenna's interaction with the channel is considered in both vertical and horizontal polarizations. The resulting metrics - channel condition number, and system data rate - serve to quantify system performance as a function of antenna design and placement.
Stereoselectivity in intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. A short total synthesis of (±)-estrone

Synthese a partir de l'isopropylidene-2 dithianne-1,3 et de la methoxy-6 tetrahydro-1,2,3,4 naphtalenone-1
Regulatory Effects of Nicotinamide on Tryptophan Pyrrolase Synthesis in Rat Liver in vivo

Earlier studies had shown that the enzyme tryptophan pyrrolase which cat lyzes the first irreversible step in the conversion of tryptophan to functional nicotinyl derivatives in rat liver, was strongly inhibited by NADPH which may be considered the ultimate distal product in the conversion of tryptophan to derivatives of nicotinamide. As an extension of this work the present study has demonstrated that the administration of nicotinamide in vivo to adrenalectomized animals resulted in a strong suppression of the tryptophan-mediated elevation of tryptophan pyrrolase but had little or no effect on the hormonal induction of this enzyme by corticosteroids. These effects of nicotinamide were in sofar specific as analogs of this compound had little or no effect on the specific tryptophan-medidated elevation of tryptophan pyrrolase. Furthermore, the effect of nicotinamide was shown to be specific for the enzyme, tryptophan pyrrolase, having no effect on the tryptophan-mediated increase in serine dehydratase. By means of anti-tryptophan pyrrolase antibodies prepared in rabbits, the pulse labeling of tryptophan pyrrolase in vivo by [14C]phenylalanine showed that, in animals pre-fed a 0% protein diet, tryptophan administration resulted in a doubling of the [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into tryptophan pyrrolase. Nicotinamide administration completely abolished this effect of tryptophan but had little effect on the dramatic stimulation of tryptophan pyrrolase synthesis by hydrocortisone. It is postulated that nicotinamide may exert its inhibitory effect on tryptophan induced synthesis of tryptophan pyrrolase at the level of genetic translation.
Terrestrial and Aquatic Mollusks of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Middle Fork Flathead River, Montana

ABSTRACT The Kishenehn Formation of northwest Montana and southeast British Columbia hosts one of the most prolific and diverse assemblages of fossil nonmarine mollusks in North America. More than 76 taxa, of which 41 are newly described species, of middle Eocene to early Miocene terrestrial and aquatic gastropods have been collected and described. This paper reports on the discoveries made in the oldest part of the formation that is middle Eocene in age in the southernmost part of the Kishenehn Basin. Outcrops along the Middle Fork of the Flathead River from this area have yielded over 1400 specimens from which 62 taxa (37 terrestrial, 25 aquatic) were identified. Of these, eight are new species and nine were described elsewhere but were not previously reported in the formation. In terms of paleoenvironmental affinities, the fauna are divisible into three groups. Group I is a relict tropical wet fauna, existing in basinal waterways whose modern analogs live in the Caribbean and Central and South America....
GROWTH RATES OF Pacrobrachium rosenbergii GROWN IN PONDS IN SOUTH FLORIDA1

Growth rates for Macrobrachium rosenbergii raised in ponds in south Florida are discussed. Maximum growth was exhibited by a brood reared in ponds from mid-May to the end of November, 1975 (251 days total age). At the end of this period, the 331 animals that remained averaged 13.6 cm. in length and 31.0 gms. in weight. Growth rates are presented for other broods of shrimp including one raised to an age of 452 days. The growth of shrimp raised in south Florida is compared with published growth rates of shrimp raised in Hawaii.
Activation of individual extrinsic thumb muscles and compartments of extrinsic finger muscles.

Mechanical and neurological couplings exist between musculotendon units of the human hand and digits. Studies have begun to understand how these muscles interact when accomplishing everyday tasks, ...
Pulse-shape analysis of Cs2LiYCl6:Ce scintillator for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination

Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) is one of the most promising new scintillators for detecting both neutrons and gamma-rays. Its neutron and gamma-ray discrimination capability using pulse-shape analysis has drawn much attention, and there is significant interest in its use in field applications. For such applications, compact and low-power readout electronics capable of exploiting the pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of CLYC will be essential. A readout system centered around a PSD-capable application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that is well-suited for use with CLYC has been characterized, tested, and validated. As part of this study, automated analysis of CLYC data collected with a fast waveform digitizer extracted optimized charge integration windows for PSD. Additionally, several different CLYC samples were studied in order to gain understanding of the dependance of pulse shapes on parameters such as crystal size, 6Li enrichment level, crystal packaging, and choice of PMT. Extremely good PSD performance was obtained from CLYC scintillator and the ASIC-based readout system.
226 HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF PROLONGED SEIZURES IN NEONATAL PIGS

The cardiovascular effects of seizures in the neonate are not well defined. To determine the changes in systemic and pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, and left ventricular contractility during seizures, one week old pigs were intubated, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated, and catheterized with a swan-ganz catheter. Seizures were induced with bicuculline (5 mg/kg/hr continuously i.v.) in 5 animals (6 controls received saline). Early changes consisted of significant systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension. After 2 hours of seizures, the animals developed progressive systemic hypotension (saline, 93 ± 4 mmHg; bicuculline, 66 ± 8; Mean ± SE; p<0.01; student t test) and decreased cardiac function (cardiac output: saline, 174 ± 27 ml/kg/min; bicuculline, 91 ± 15 ml/kg/min; p<0.01). M-mode echocardiography disclosed a decrease in left ventricular contractility (Ejection Fraction: Saline, 0.70 ± 0.03; bicuculline, 0.49 ± 0.08; p<0.001). Cardiac tissue frozen in situ showed significant increase in lactate (Saline, 13.3 ± 0.7 mmol/g/dry wt.; bicuculline, 102.8 ± 4.9: p<0.01), and reductions in glucose, triglyceride, and ATP (Saline, 17.1 ± 0.1 mmol/g/dry wt.; bicuculline, 11.5 ± 0.3; p<0.01). Prolonged seizures result in severe cardiac dysfunction which may be due to tissue acidosis or catecholamine release.
The membrane attack mechanism of complement. Verification of a stable C5-9 complex in free solution.

The membrane attack mechanism of complement, C5 to C9, has previously been postulated to associate on the target cell surface to a stable decamolecular complex with a calculated mol wt of 995,000. A soluble and stable complex consisting of C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 has now been demonstrated to arise as a consequence of complement activation by the classical or alternate pathway. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 22.5S and a mol wt of 1 million daltons, and it migrates on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as an α-globulin. The stable and soluble C5b-9 complex cannot bind to erythrocytes and has no demonstrable cytolytic activity. However, due to partially unsaturated binding sites for C9, it can bind additional C9 and thus function as an inhibitor of lysis of EAC1-8 by C9. These results support the concept according to which the membrane-bound attack system of complement represents a stable, decamolecular assembly of C5b-9. Unlike its analogue in free solution, the membrane-bound complex is cytolytically active.
Type of employment, work–family conflict and well-being: a comparative study

The study examined the impact of work and family role characteristics on work–family conflict, and indicators of psychological well being among self-employed and organizationally employed women and men. Results show that employment type and gender have independent main effects on several of the study variables. Self-employed persons enjoy greater autonomy and schedule flexibility at work, and report higher levels of job involvement and job satisfaction than those employed in organizations. However, they also experience higher levels of work–family conflict, and lower family satisfaction than organizational employees. The findings suggest that there are trade-offs between the costs and benefits of self-employment, and that business ownership is not a panacea for balancing work and family role responsibilties. Directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1-D models for thin filaments of liquid-crystalline polymers: coupling of orientation and flow in the stability of simple solutions

Abstract Slender asymptotic fiber models are derived from Doi-type 3-D equations for free surface flows of liquid-crystalline polymers. Leading order equations and self-consistent corrections are presented for a variety of physical regimes. We then explore the coupling of orientation effects to slender elongational flow behavior, with particular focus on the interplay between the Rayleigh capillary instability and both stabilizing and destabilizing orientation behavior. In the simple context of constant solutions, we identify physical regimes and precise conditions under which the Rayleigh instability may be completely arrested, as well as other regimes where orientation reduces but does not cancel capillary instability. In addition, we identify sources of additional orientation-dominated instabilities that are evident in both the uniaxial and biaxial nematic liquid crystal order parameters. These models and stability analyses lay the foundation for applications to fiber spinning processes.
The contraceptive level of certain drugs in the house mouse

Abstract In preparation for a study of the long-term effects of contraceptive drugs in the mouse, it was necessary to determine the level of these drugs effecting contraception in these animals. Three drugs, Enovid, Norlutin acetate, and Chlomiphene citrate, were studied in mice from a random bred population; time from cohabitation to birth of first litter, litter size, and occurrence of infertile vaginal plugs were used as criteria of contraceptive effectiveness. 1.5 mg./kg./week of Enovid, administered in 5 doses per week; 2 mg./ kg./week of Norlutin acetate, with ethinyl estradiol added at the rate of 20 microg./mg., administered in 5 doses per week; and 8 mg./kg./week of Chlomiphene citrate, administered in 2 doses per week, were the lowest doses among those tested which effected contraception.
Fluctuations and phase transitions in Larkin-Ovchinnikov liquid-crystal states of a population-imbalanced resonant Fermi gas

Motivated by a realization of imbalanced Feshbach-resonant atomic Fermi gases, we formulate a low-energy theory of the Fulde-Ferrell and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) states and use it to analyze fluctuations, stability, and phase transitions in these enigmatic finite momentum-paired superfluids. Focusing on the unidirectional LO pair-density-wave state, which spontaneously breaks the continuous rotational and translational symmetries, we show that it is characterized by two Goldstone modes, corresponding to a superfluid phase and a smectic phonon. Because of the liquid-crystalline ``softness'' of the latter, at finite temperature the three-dimensional state is characterized by a vanishing LO order parameter, quasi-Bragg peaks in the structure and momentum distribution functions, and a ``charge''-4, paired-Cooper-pairs, off-diagonal long-range order, with a superfluid-stiffness anisotropy that diverges near a transition into a nonsuperfluid state. In addition to conventional integer vortices and dislocations, the LO superfluid smectic exhibits composite half-integer vortex-dislocation defects. A proliferation of defects leads to a rich variety of descendant states, such as the charge-4 superfluid and Fermi-liquid nematics and topologically ordered nonsuperfluid states, that generically intervene between the LO state and the conventional superfluid and the polarized Fermi liquid at low and high imbalance, respectively. The fermionic sector of the LO gapless superconductor is also quite unique, exhibiting a Fermi surface of Bogoliubov quasiparticles associated with the Andreev band of states, localized on the array of the LO domain walls.
Dysregulation of proteoglycan production by intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells bearing defective (Delta‐f508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Hepatic dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been attributed to accumulation of viscous mucoid secretions in intrahepatic bile ducts. The purpose of our study was to compare glycoconjugate secretion by intrahepatic biliary epithelial (IBE) cells derived from normal livers and livers of CF patients with the delta F508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Confluent cells were incubated with 3H-glucosamine (GlcN) for 16 hours, and radiolabeled macromolecules were analyzed for the amount and type of glycoconjugates. Incorporation of 3H-GlcN into macromolecular glycoconjugates was two- to threefold higher in CF cells versus normals, as was uptake of 3H-Glcn into the cytoplasm of CF cells. Gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose Cl 4B revealed that the secreted glycoconjugates from CF cells eluted entirely in the excluded fraction (molecular weight > 2 x 10(6)), while, in the normal cells, 60% of the glycoconjugates eluted as lower-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates in both CF and normal cells were identified as chondroitin sulfates, as evidenced by susceptibility to beta elimination, chondroitinase digestion, and amino acid composition. Western blotting of IBE cell secretions with a polyclonal antibody to chondroitin sulfate revealed proteoglycan bands at 100 and 210 kd. Our results indicate that secretion of chondroitin sulfate is markedly increased in CF biliary epithelium in vitro compared with non-CF cells. Increased uptake of precursor 3H-GlcN may contribute to enhanced glycosylation of chondroitin sulfate in CF cells.
Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from human fibroblasts.

Abstract Mitochondria were isolated from several strains of human fibroblasts in order to evaluate their potential for use in screening for inherited defects in mitochondrial function. The mitochondria were purified 10-fold from whole fibroblasts as determined by the increase in the specific activity of cytochrome oxidase. Polarographic studies of respiration at 26 °C, in mitochondria isolated by enzymatic digestion, revealed that these mitochondria contained an intact electron-transport system and three sites for the oxidative generation of ATP. Further, they showed tight coupling of respiration with phosphorylation. It appears that fibroblasts will be suitable for use in studying individuals suspected of having inherited abnormalities of mitochondrial function.
The modelling of shear stress transfer in Hi-Nicalonα-Si3N4 ceramic-matrix composites by the use of micro-indentation tests

Micro-indentation tests have been performed on ceramic-matrix composites consisting of a silicon nitride matrix reinforced with Hi-Nicalon fibers. The effects of variation in the maximum applied load on interfacial properties have been investigated. The frictional stress plotted as a function of fiber radius for three different maximum applied force values shows evidence of a Poisson effect. A simple model is proposed to describe the stress transfer for which we assume that the frictional stress is entirely Coulombic and take into account the contribution of fiber roughness, residual stresses and fiber expansion due to the Poisson effect. With this model, it was possible to simulate the load versus fiber displacement relationships and to derive frictional stress values adjusted for Poisson's effect.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Elosulfase Alfa, an Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients with Morquio A Syndrome

Background and Objectives Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IVA; MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase, an enzyme required for degradation of the glycosaminoglycan keratan sulfate. Enzyme replacement therapy with elosulfase alfa provides a potential therapy for Morquio A syndrome. We analyzed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of elosulfase alfa in Morquio A patients from a phase III clinical trial.
Competition in procurement

High costs, lengthy delays, and poor quality in U.S. major weapon systems procurements have prompted repeated calls for reform in defense acquisition procedures. A leading theme of these calls for reform has been for an increased use of competitive procurement practices. 1 In practice, competition in major weapon systems procurements has come to mean the potential use of a second producer at some stage of the procurement. Dual sourcing and second sourcing are two options that are frequently employed. Simultaneous production from two sources is dual sourcing. One firm may develop the technology and engage in initial production. The technology is then transferred to a second firm, perhaps originally via a relatively high cost 'learning buy.' Production awards are then split between the two buyers, with the majority of production awarded to the firm that was judged to be superior (generally, the lower cost producer) in the previous award. The additional costs of dual sourcing are the second set of fixed costs, technology transfer costs, and reduced movement down the producers' learning curves. The benefits are in terms of improved incentives to reduce costs and increase quality on the part of the producers. Second sourcing involves a technology transfer in the same manner as dual sourcing, but all future production is then awarded to one of the two firms in a one time bidding contest. The competitive bid should reduce the price that the DoD pays for production, relative to a negotiated price in a sole-source environment. Many studies have attempted to determine the savings (in terms of price decreases) from second or dual sourcing. Such competitive practices appear to lower prices, but whether they are cost-effective when additional capital costs are included is uncertain. 2 The surveys and critiques provided by Anton and Yao (1990) and Pilling (1989) however, suggest that methodological difficulties limit the usefulness of these studies.
Proinflammatory cytokines differentially affect leverpress avoidance acquisition in rats

Recent evidence indicates that the pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) can affect learning and memory processes. To examine the effect of the PICs on leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats with IL-1beta, IL-6 (both 3.0 microg/kg, i.p.), TNFalpha (6.0 microg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle, 24h before a single 4-h session of leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning. The TNFalpha-treated animals made more avoidance responses and fewer escape responses than controls during the last hour of the session. Further, both TNFalpha- and IL-1beta-treated animals had a higher percent avoidance than controls during the 4th hour of the session. None of the cytokines had an effect on the number of leverpresses during safety, a putative measure of anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the differential central effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the possible relationship to avoidance conditioning.
High-sensitivity surface-photoacoustic spectroscopy.

The sensitivity of surface-acoustic-wave detection is extended by several orders of magnitude to a surface-specific absorbance of αl ∼ 10−9 for a power density of 1 GW/cm2 using a narrow-bandwidth interdigitated surface-acoustic-wave detector and an optical irradiation pattern to provide a matched acoustic signal. Major advantages include narrow-bandwidth detection and a large irradiated area that permits more optical energy on the sample. A rapid, nondestructive, reproducible liquid-bonding technique, which permits the extension of these measurements to a wide variety of samples, is demonstrated. Results for AlN and ZrO2 films (αl ∼ 10−4) and fused-silica substrates (αl ∼ 10−6–10−7) are reported.
Minardi, E. Thermodynamics of High Temperature Plasmas. Entropy, 2009, 11, 124-221

I discovered some typographical errors in the paper "Thermodynamics of High Temperature Plasmas" [1] and some points that need clarification. These defects are remedied in this correction. [...]
Document ranking on weight-partitioned signature files

A signature file organization, called the weight-partitioned signature file, for supporting document ranking is proposed. It employs multiple signature files, each of which corresponds to one term frequency, to represent terms with different term frequencies. Words with the same term frequency in a document are grouped together and hashed into the signature file corresponding to that term frequency. This eliminates the need to record the term frequency explicitly for each word. We investigate the effect of false drops on retrieval effectiveness if they are not eliminated in the search process. We have shown that false drops introduce insignificant degradation on precision and recall when the false-drop probability is below a certain threshold. This is an important result since false-drop elimination could become the bottleneck in systems using fast signature file search techniques. We perform an analytical study on the performance of the weight-partitioned signature file under different search strategies and configurations. An optimal formula is obtained to determine for a fixed total storage overhead the storage to be allocated to each partition in order to minimize the effect of false drops on document ranks. Experiments were performed using a document collection to support the analytical results.
On the characterization of glassy polymers by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

Abstract The present paper reviews some of our recent results exemplifying the use of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy in evaluating the effects of thermal history on the physical properties of glassy polymers. Specifically, studies on thermal cycling, physical aging and structural relaxation in polycarbonate are discussed. It is shown that the ortho-positronium pickoff component intensity I 3 is sensitive to structural transitions below the glass transition and the thermal response of I 3 is a sensitive structural parameter that can be used in the study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of physical aging and structural relaxation.
Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of the Rocky Mountains

The sensitivity of high-elevation lakes to acidic deposition was evaluated in five national parks of the Rocky Mountains based on statistical relations between lake acid- neutralizing capacity concentrations and basin characteristics. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 151 lakes sampled during synoptic surveys and basin-characteristic information derived from geographic information system (GIS) data sets were used to calibrate the statistical models. The explanatory basin variables that were considered included topographic parameters, bedrock type, and vegetation type. A logistic regression model was developed, and modeling results were cross-validated through lake sampling during fall 2004 at 58 lakes. The model was applied to lake basins greater than 1 ha in area in Glacier National Park (n ¼ 244 lakes), Grand Teton National Park (n ¼ 106 lakes), Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (n ¼ 11 lakes), Rocky Mountain National Park (n ¼ 114 lakes), and Yellowstone National Park (n ¼ 294 lakes). Lakes that had a high probability of having an ANC concentration ,100 leq/L, and therefore sensitive to acidic deposition, are located in basins with elevations .3000 m, with ,30% of the catchment having northeast aspect and with .80% of the catchment bedrock having low buffering capacity. The modeling results indicate that the most sensitive lakes are located in Rocky Mountain National Park and Grand Teton National Park. This technique for evaluating the lake sensitivity to acidic deposition is useful for designing long-term monitoring plans and is potentially transferable to other remote mountain areas of the United States and the world.