cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
700 CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) FACTOR – AN ABNORMAL SERUM GLY- COPEFTIDE

A CF-specific peptide affecting the rhythmic beat of cilia from rabbit tracheal explants and oyster gills has previously been partially purified and characterized. In the present study, a glycopeptide (molecular weight about 6000) was purified to homogeneity from sera of controls and CF patients. Both the CF and control glycopeptides were characterized by the absence of aromatic amino acids and were rich in lysine. The carbohydrate moiety of both was deficient in sialic acid and contained mannose and glucosamine. The purified glycopeptides were diluted in phosphate buffered saline, and the ciliary dyskinetic activities were compared in a double-blind fashion. Two preparations of the CF glycopeptide (1 μg/ml) revealed ciliary dyskinetic activity, whereas four control preparations did not alter ciliary rhythm, even at 50 μg/ml. The CF purified glycopeptide (10 μg/ml) caused dyskinesia within 30 seconds with swelling and accumulation of mucus-like droplets. A volcano-like appearance (see insert) was observed at a mucus gland. The glycopeptide from controls revealed no mucociliary activity and was indistinguishable from controls in medium. Abnormalities of glycoprotein metabolism have been suggested as an underlying defect in CF; the mucociliary activity of the CF glycopeptide might be part of such a generalized phenomenon. (Supported by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.)
Stress, Injury, and Healing

Results: Of the 42 patients, 36 had an improvement in HRV amplitude and/or reduction in the very low frequency spectrum, consistent with decreased sympathetic autonomic activity. Most patients reported an increased “feeling of control”; three patients were nervous about the meaning of the waveforms and returned the device. Nine of 18 patients taking benzodiazepine medications were successfully weaned during the study period. There were no complications attributed to this intervention. Eleven of the patients have continued using this technique on their own. Conclusion: This exploratory study used HRV as a biofeedback tool for patients with autonomic sensitive disease states. It appears to be safe in the type of patients studied. This was not a controlled study and is no doubt heavily influenced by the fact that the author spent additional time and effort with this cohort. In addition, a strong patient-physician relationship is likely necessary due to the patient expectation that medical therapy requires “a pill.” This tool is not validated, but neither is the stethoscope, which has similar risks of use. The use of biofeedback tools including glucometers, blood pressure cuffs, accelerometers, oximetry, and now HRV may be key to empowering patients and motivating them for health behavior change.
Recent Work on Tibullus

This introduction provides an overview of Tibullus’ life, his poetry, and his style, and offers a bibliographical survey of emerging critical trends in interpreting this relatively neglected Roman elegist.
The velocity profile and resultant mixing with chemical reaction in rotating tubular flow

Abstract The velocity profile in analytical form has been developed for the growing swirl in a rotating tube under stable laminar conditions by solving the equation of motion via perturbation treatments. The resultant mixing induced by fluid flow in the presence of molecular diffusion and chemical reactions has also been characterized. The results suggest that the rotational speed provides an additional degree of freedom with which to vary the level of reactant conversion and of product distribution for a consecutive-competitive reaction.
Structural Rearrangement of Bimetallic Alloy PdAu Nanoparticles within Dendrimer Templates to Yield Core/Shell Configurations†

Here we present evidence for an oxidation-driven structural conversion of quasi-alloy PdAu dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) to a Au-core/Pd-shell configuration. The initial quasialloy was prepared by co-complexation of PdCl42− and AuCl4− within a sixth-generation, poly(amidoamine) dendrimer template followed by chemical reduction. Exposure to air resulted in selective reoxidation of the Pd atoms and subsequent re-reduction led to deposition of a Pd-rich shell on the surface of the remaining Au core. The core/shell nanoparticles were extracted as monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) from within the dendrimer templates using dodecanethiol. The resulting materials were characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy.
Sacred Pain and the Phenomenal Self

The preponderance of pain in human life ranks among the central problems for religious thought around the world. The problem of suffering, as it is often called, has been a compelling reason for abandoning faith. Given the depth of the dilemma that raw and inexplicable pain poses, it is surprising how pervasive voluntary pain has been among the religions of the world. Ascetics, mystics, and martyrs have sought and applied pain—in rites of passage (ordeals) and other forms of initiation—in the service of religious inquisitions (including trials by ordeal), execution of heretics and witches, and others. And of course, none of these has been limited by geographic location or historic time. What is the role of voluntary (“sacred”) pain in human religious life? Is there a single theory that can explain, for instance, the initiatory ordeals of new shamans and Sufi mystics?
Single-molecule chemistry and vibrational spectroscopy: Pyridine and benzene on Cu(001)

A variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to perform single-molecule chemistry and vibrational spectroscopy on benzene (C6H6), pyridine (C5H5N), and their isotopes adsorbed on Cu(001) at 8 K. Inelastic electron tunneling spectra taken with the STM (STM-IETS) showed a C−H stretch mode for pyridine but not for benzene. Individual pyridine and benzene molecules were dissociated by tunneling electrons. The fragments of each parent molecule were imaged and the vibrational spectra recorded. A C−H stretch mode was detected by STM-IETS for the fragments of both molecules. The detection of a C−H stretch mode in the benzene fragment is attributed to a change in bonding geometry with respect to the parent. The images and spectroscopic data are consistent with the production of C5H4N and C6H4 in the dissociation of pyridine and benzene, respectively.
Comparison of platelet adherence and aggregation in modified human umbilical vein and autogenous vein grafts

Abstract The use of glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical vein as a vascular conduit has recently become popular. In previous studies in our laboratory, neointimal fibrous hyperplasia was responsible for poor long-term patency of this material in a canine model. The present study was undertaken to compare the platelet-adhering characteristics of autogenous vein and modified human umbilical vein. After platelets were labelled with chromium-51, 10 mongrel dogs underwent bilateral end-to-side femoral artery bypass grafts. Human umbilical vein and autogenous jugular vein were placed in opposing groins of each dog. Two hours after graft implantation, the animals were killed and the grafts retrieved along with 1 cm of the host artery at each anastomosis. These specimens and an aliquot of blood were placed in a scintillation counter and radioactivity levels were determined. The human umbilical vein had significantly more platelet adherence than the autogenous veins as determined by counts per gram per 10 minutes. The handling characteristics of human umbilical vein were also suboptimal. Separation of the graft layers was occasionally observed, sometimes resulting in intramural hematomas and graft dissection. The previously reported poor performance of human umbilical vein in the canine model is most likely a result of its platelet-adhering surface and poor handling characteristics.
Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity five years experience at a university hospital.

All patients with deep vein thrombosis of the arm seen at one University Hospital over a 5 year period were reviewed. The 17 cases could be divided into distinct patient groups. The first group (pr...
Financial market reactions following technological discontinuities: a non-event study in two industries

A large body of literature has explored the challenges of technological change for established firms. Much of this work has focused on factors internal to firms, such as inertial routines or managers' cognitive limitations that constrain incumbents' development of new capabilities and response to new technologies. But institutional pressures arising from financial markets and the securities analysts who mediate such markets likely also play a role in whether and how incumbent firms respond to technological change. We know little about how financial markets and securities analysts react as an incumbent firm is faced with a radical technological discontinuity that threatens to substitute for the existing technology. Understanding such reactions is critical, as they further influence whether and how incumbents respond to technological discontinuities. In this article, I explore securities analysts' reactions to incumbent firms faced with technological discontinuities in two industries: digital technology in photography, and Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) technology in wireline telecommunications. I find that these discontinuities go largely unmentioned in analysts' reports and appear to have little influence on analysts' recommendations or stock prices even for several years. The findings suggest further that analysts and investors continue to reward incumbents for cash flows arising from focusing on the existing business and technology despite the increasing certainty of technological obsolescence. Copyright 2008 , Oxford University Press.
Computer anxiety in young and older adults: implications for human-computer interactions in older populations

Abstract This research examined the construct of computer anxiety in young and older adults in the context of a computer-based cognitive test. There were two primary questions: (a) Is there an age difference in computer anxiety? (b) What is the relationship between computer anxiety and age-related differences in performance on computer-based cognitive tasks? A total of 20 young adults and 20 older adults were administered a series of computer tasks and a computer anxiety measure. Results indicated that older adults had significantly higher computer anxiety than younger adults. Furthermore, the computer anxiety was unrelated to performance as measured by percent correct on the task, but was related to performance as measured by decision time. Implications for interactions between older adults and computers are discussed.
Chronic hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus.

The case of a young man with hepatitis A and a chronic course is presented. The patient recived a short course of steroid therapy for recurrence of symptoms following acute hepatitis A. Thereafter liver enzymes have remained marginally elevated for 4 years and annual liver biopsies have shown evidence of chronicity. HAV IgM Ab persisted for 1034 days with subsequent development of HAV IgG Ab. The possiblity of other viruses in the aetiology and the role of steroids in the development of chronicity are discussed.
Icon and Vision: Giovanni Bellini's Half-Length Madonnas

Venice and the Byzantine EastGiovanni Bellini's half-length Madonnas, produced for private devotion throughout his long career, embody in microcosm the stylistic development of Venetian painting from the Early to the High Renaissance. Since Bellini's working years spanned approximately six decades, such changes in style are understandable. In iconography and in composition, however, his paintings of the Madonna remain remarkably constant. As a group, they share certain formal characteristics: Mary is typically seen in a frontal position, alone with her son, in half-length behind a parapet. Only in Bellini's imagery, compared with that of his contemporaries, is the isolation so intense, even severe. His awesome simplicity, his renunciation of the traditional means of pictorial enrichment, of the anecdotal and the decorative, indicate more than his personal taste. These aspects of his Madonnas — especially their half-length and iconic austerity, physical and psychological — signify Bellini's intentional evo...
Tailored Cancer Outcome Prediction and Informed Consent

Clinically relevant disparities in the outcomes of cancer treatment between institutions are well established. Some authors have argued that physicians have an ethical obligation to disclose these disparities as part of the informed consent process. 1 We believe that preservation of patient autonomy requires disclosure of treatment institution-specific outcomes and that statistical prediction models tailored to individual patients are the best way to frame this discussion. We describe a utopian system to gather and disseminate cancer outcome data based on the United Network for Organ Sharing and articulate why accurate and equitable prediction models are feasible both scientifically and logistically. We also discuss strategies of design and oversight required to mitigate any unintended negative downstream consequences of such a system.
Differential effects of naturally occurring and synthetic organoselenium compounds on biomarkers in androgen responsive and androgen independent human prostate carcinoma cells

Epidemiological studies and clinical trials show that selenium supplementation results in reduction of prostate cancer incidence; however, the form of selenium and mechanisms underlying protection remain largely unknown. Toward this end, we compared the effects of naturally occurring selenomethionine (SM) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) and synthetic 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) and p-xylylbis(methylselenide) p-XMS) organoselenium compounds in androgen responsive (AR) LNCaP and its androgen independent clone (AI) LNCaP C4-2 human prostate carcinoma cells on cell growth, secretion of prostate specific antigen (PSA), intracellular redox status and genomic profiles with emphasis on identifying redox sensitive genes. Both p-XSC and p-XMS reduced cell number and total protein concentration compared to control-treated AR and AI cells, while SM and MSC exhibited no effect on growth of AR and AI cells. SM, p-XSC and p-XMS but not MSC inhibited levels of secreted PSA in AR cells. SM, MSC and p-XMS increased glutathione (GSH) levels in AI LNCaP cells. By contrast, in both cell types, only p-XSC significantly decreased GSH concentrations to <50% of control suggesting either an increase in intracellular oxidative stress or a change in GSH/GSSG ratio. On the basis of RT-PCR analysis, SM and p-XSC increased p53 gene expression by 2-fold in AR cells but not in AI cells and only SM enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor in AR cells. Depending on the structure, organoselenium compounds exhibit differential effects on growth, PSA secretion, oxidative stress and selective gene responses in human prostate cancer cells and suggest the potential of developing novel organoselenium compounds as chemopreventive agents in models of human prostate cancer. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BGA Reliability in Automotive Underhood Applications

Fine-Pitch BGAs and underfills have been used in benign office environments and wireless applications for a number of years, however their reliability in automotive underhood environment is not well understood. In this work, the reliability of fine-pitch PBGA packages has been evaluated in the automotive underhood environment. Experimental studies indicate that the CTE as measured by TMA typically starts to change at 10–15°C lower temperature than the Tg specified by DSC potentially extending the change in CTE well into the accelerated test envelope in the neighborhood of 125°C. High Tg substrates with glass-transition temperatures much higher than the 125°C high temperature limit are therefore not subject to the effect of high coefficient of thermal expansion close to the high temperature of the accelerated test. Darveaux’s damage relationships [1992, 1995, 2000] were derived on CBGA assemblies, with predominantly SMD pads and 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder. In addition to significant differences in the crack propagation paths for the two pad constructions, SMD pads fail significantly faster than NSMD pads in thermal fatigue. The thermal mismatch on CBGA’s is much larger than PBGA assemblies. Crack propagation in CBGA’s is often observed predominantly on the package side as opposed to both package and board side for PBGAs. In the present study, crack propagation data has been acquired on assemblies with 15 mm, 17 mm, and 23 mm size plastic BGAs with NSMD pads and 63Sn37Pb on high-Tg printed circuit boards. The data has been benchmarked against Darveaux’s data on CBGA assemblies. Experimental matrix also encompasses the effect of BT substrate thickness on reliability. Damage constants have been developed and compared against existing Darveaux Constants. Prediction error has been quantified for both sets of constants.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Social support for physical activity—role of Facebook with and without structured intervention

Despite their widespread use and extensive technical features, little is known about how to use online social networking sites to increase physical activity. This study aims to examine Facebook engagement among participants in the online social networking arm of a randomized controlled physical activity promotion trial (n = 67). Facebook communications were double coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Regression procedures were used to determine predictors of Facebook use and associations between types of use and changes in perceived social support and physical activity. Changes in perceived social support and physical activity were more strongly associated with participants’ individual Facebook use than use of the Facebook intervention group. The way social media sites are used in intervention design could have an impact on their effects. Including existing friends in interventions and using applications that incorporate intervention activities into a more naturalistic use of Facebook may improve the efficacy of future interventions.
Chiral C2 and C1 symmetric (cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)bis(2-pyrazolyl)borate complexes of potassium and thallium. Preparation, structures and solution behavior

The preparation, structures and solution behavior of {(cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)bis[(4S,7R)-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2H-indazol-2-yl]borato-κN1,κN1′}metal, where metal=K, 1, or Tl, 2, {(cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)[(4S,7R)-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2H-indazol-2-yl][(4S,7R)-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2H-indazol-2-yl]borato-κN1,κN1′}potassium–tetrahydrofuran(1/3), 3·3THF, and {(cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)bis[(4R,7R)-7-isopropyl-4-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl]borato-κN1,κN1′}potassium–tetrahydrofuran(1/4), 4·4THF, are reported.
Futures markets, production and diversification of risk

This paper lays out a framework for the analysis of the risk transfer role of speculators on futures markets and the impact of their trading on the production decisions of firms. We show that when speculators diversify their portfolios over a large number of markets, the equilibrium risk premium converges to an asymptotic premium, the behaviour of which is determined by the stochastic dependence between the spot price and an index of average returns on other markets-the idiosyncratic risk arising from the variability of the spot price itself is diversified away. In the independent and negatively dependent cases this diversification of risk leads to a Pareto improving property. Futures markets may be viewed as an institutional mechanism through which speculators can perform two roles: first, that of risk transfer, and second, that of information gathering. The exchanges themselves have traditionally emphasised the importance of the former, while economists have tended to focus their attention on the latter.’ The exchanges point out that firms involved in the production and processing of certain commodities would, in the absence of a futures market, incur over and aboy.;: the standard costs of production, the substantial risk costs arising from the wide fluctuations in the underlying commodity’s price. If futures markets can through the mechanism of hedging and the trading of speculators provide such firms with price insurance at substantially smaller cost, then more output can be made available at less cost to the consumer. Under what conditions is such an argument valid? Few attempts have been made in the economic literature to develop a * Research support from the National Science Foundation (SES-8200432) is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Stephen Ross, Doug Breeden and participants in workshops at Yale, Columbia, Northwestern and Pennsylvania for helpful discussions. ‘See, for example, Williams 1161 and more recently Grossman [6], Danthine [S] and Bray [3].
Cost-effectiveness of estimating gestational age by ultrasonography in Down syndrome screening☆

Abstract Objective: To quantify the financial benefits of using ultrasound estimation of gestational age in maternal serum screening for Down syndrome. Methods: Maternal age-specific sensitivity and false-positive rates for Down syndrome were derived for the triple test (alpha-fetoprotein, hCG, and unconjugated estriol) using gestational age based on ultrasound dating and also time from the last menstrual period (LMP). These rates were entered into a formula to determine the societal financial net benefit of Down syndrome screening. The average per-case net benefits of ultrasound- and LMP-dated pregnancies were then compared. Average net benefits were also calculated separately with ultrasound versus LMP dating for triple tests referred to our laboratory, and the additional costs associated with any post-test ultrasound scans, repeat testing, or recalculations were estimated. Results: The use of ultrasound dating resulted in higher detection rates for Down syndrome and lower false-positive rates, which translated into an average per-case savings to society of $33.54. For women referred to our program with LMP dating, there was an average reduction of $31.60 in net benefits, plus added costs of $14.39 attributable to extra ultrasound, repeat testing, and recalculation. Conclusion: When ultrasound dating is available before serum screening, it should be used preferentially to establish Down syndrome risk. Routine first-trimester ultrasound examination can be justified for women with a known LMP if the cost of the ultrasound examination is less than $46.
Mechanistic aspects of the formation of aldehydes and nitriles in photosensitized reactions of aldoxime ethers.

The photooxidation of a series of aldoxime ethers was studied by laser flash photolysis and steady-state (product studies) methods. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies have shown that chloranil (CA)-sensitized reactions of the O-methyl (1), O-ethyl (2), O-benzyl (3), and O-tert-butyl (4) benzaldehyde oximes result in the formation of the corresponding radical cations. In polar non-nucleophilic solvents such as acetonitrile, there are several follow-up pathways available depending on the structure of the aldoxime ether and the energetics of the reaction pathway. When the free energy of electron transfer (ΔGET) becomes endothermic, syn−anti isomerization is the dominant pathway. This isomerization pathway is a result of triplet energy transfer from CA to the aldoxime ether. For substrates with α-protons (aldoxime ethers 1−3), the follow-up reactions involve deprotonation at the α-position followed by β-scission to form the benziminyl radical (and an aldehyde). The benziminyl radical reacts to give ben...
An efficient security protocol for advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid

In this article, we present a security protocol for advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid. We consider various security vulnerabilities of deploying AMI, and explore the issues related to confidentiality for user privacy and behavior as well as message authentication for meter reading and control messages. After surveying the existing security solutions in this area, we propose a new protocol, Integrated Authentication and Confidentiality (IAC), to provide efficient secure AMI communications in smart grid. With the help of IAC, an AMI system can provide trust services, data privacy, and integrity by mutual authentications whenever a new smart meter initiates and joins the smart grid AMI network. Data integrity and confidentiality are fulfilled through message authentication and encryption services, using the corresponding keys established in mutual authentications. Simulation and analytical results show that the proposed IAC protocol has better performance in terms of end-to-end delay and packet loss than a basic security scheme. Additionally, it can also facilitate efficient secure data collection and control message delivery between smart meters and a local collector for AMI communications in a smart grid.
Growth, development and nutritional status in Japanese children under 2 years on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

We examined the growth, development and nutritional status over a period of 10 years of 15 young children (<2 years old) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There were 6 males and 9 females with a mean age of 12.5 months, mean weight of 6.3 kg, mean height of 66.2 cm at the start of CAPD and a mean duration of therapy of 2.6 years. Height, weight, head circumference, development quotient (DQ), blood chemistry and dietary intake were assessed over a period of 10 years. The patients' mean height standard deviation score (SDS) did not change significantly (from −2.51 to −2.74) during CAPD therapy. The mean growth velocity index (GVI) during CAPD was 76.5% and correlated positively with energy intake but not with protein intake. The mean DQ was low (67.0%) at the start of CAPD and 69.3% at the end of CAPD. DQ did not correlate with energy intake, GVI, head circumference SDS or with the weight/height ratio; however, 2 patients with low DO (<60%) had a low energy intakes. Although most patients had a low DQ, the IQ at 5–6 years of age was normal in all patients except 1 without cerebral disease. Our study showed minimal growth (ΔSDS) and mental developmental (IQ) delays during CAPD therapy, but an adequate nutritional intake must be assured to obtain the above results.
Blockade of NMDA receptor-mediated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ prevents neurotoxicity.

Abstract NMDA receptor activation leads to elevated Ca 2+ in cultured rat cortical and retinal ganglion cell neurons. If excessive, this Ca 2+ response in associated with delayed neurotoxicity. We used dantrolene and ionomycin to test if the Ca 2+ response to NMDA was due to mobilization of intracellular Ca 2+ stores rather than merely to Ca 2+ influx. In the presence of EGTA, ionomycin resulted in release and subsequent depletion of intracellular Ca 2+ stores. Henceforth, despite normal extracellular Ca 2+ , NMDA elicited only about half of its former Ca 2+ response. Similarly, when dantrolene was used to block Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores, we observed > 50% smaller NMDA-evoked Ca 2+ responses. These results quite surprisingly indicate that at least half the Ca 2+ response to NMDA is due to release of intracellular Ca 2+ , a process triggered by influx of extracellular Ca 2+ . Dantrolene also protected neurons from NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Release of intracellular Ca 2+ may therefore be a necessary step in the cascade leading to neuronal damage induced by excessive NMDA receptor stimulation and may be amenable to pharmacological intervention.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthases, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, selectively worsens left ventricular function after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest in swine.

Objectives Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator of vascular tone and signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. NO is synthesized by three unique enzymes (nitric oxide synthases [NOS]): endothelial and neuronal NOS, both constitutively expressed, and inducible NOS (iNOS), which is induced by proinflammatory stimuli and subsequently produces a burst of NO. NO has been implicated as both an injurious and a beneficial mediator after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. A previous study in swine found that iNOS expression is absent in the myocardium prior to cardiac arrest and that it increases after 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), decreases somewhat during the early postresuscitation period, and then steadily increases up to 6 hours postresuscitation. Because this time course of iNOS expression mirrors that of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that selective inhibition of iNOS improves postresuscitation outcomes in swine. Methods Thirty-two domestic swine of either sex were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC): 1) NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a global NO inhibitor; 2) aminoguanidine (AG), a selective iNOS inhibitor; or 3) saline as control. After 10 minutes of untreated VF, swine received a standard resuscitation protocol. Twenty-four-hour survival, neurological status, left ventricular (LV) function, and hemodynamic measurements were obtained. Results Return of spontaneous circulation occurred in 28 of 32 animals (88%). Only successfully resuscitated animals were assigned to treatment groups and completed the study. There were no differences in survival or neurological outcomes between groups. There were also no differences in LV function or hemodynamic variables found between the control group and the AG group. Global inhibition of NOS with l-NAME post-ROSC increased aortic pressure and transiently decreased pulse pressure. Treatment with l-NAME also increased LV end diastolic pressure and decreased cardiac output within 30 minutes post-ROSC, which was sustained throughout the 4-hour measurements, compared to both the control and the AG groups. In addition, LV ejection fraction recovered to baseline measurements in both the control and AG groups, but failed to recover in the l-NAME group. Conclusions Global inhibition of NOS after cardiac arrest and resuscitation markedly worsens hemodynamic variables. Selective inhibition of iNOS after cardiac arrest and resuscitation does not prevent postresuscitation myocardial stunning. There were no significant differences in neurological outcome or survival between treatment groups.
Cryotherapy for Barrett's Esophagus: Who, How, and Why?

Abstract Cryotherapy is a noncontact ablation method that has long been used clinically in the treatment of a wide variety of malignant and premalignant diseases. The relative ease of use and unique mechanisms of cellular destruction make cryotherapy particularly attractive for the eradication of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Currently, liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide are the most common cryogens used. Preliminary data with these agents have shown high efficacy in the reversal of dysplastic Barrett mucosa and excellent safety profiles. Intense investigation on cryotherapy ablation of Barrett's esophagus is ongoing.
Electron- or hole-assisted reactions of H defects in hydrogen-bonded KDP.

We present an ab initio study of the stability and defect reactions of neutral and charged H interstitial (H i ) and H vacancy (H v ) in KH 2 PO 4 (KDP). We find that while there is no interaction between the neutral H i and the host, the addition of an electron leads to the ejection of a H host atom and the subsequent formation of an interstitial H 2 molecule and a H v . In sharp contrast, the addition of a hole results in the formation of a hydroxyl bond. Thus, H i in both charged states severs the H-bonded network. For the H v , the addition of a hole leads to the formation of a peroxyl bridge. The neutral H i and the positively charged H v induce states in the gap. The results elucidate the underlying atomic mechanism for the defect reactions suggested by experiment.
Parallel batched planar point location on the CCC

We show that the more general batched point-location task can be carried out on the cube-connected-cycle (CCC) architecture in time O(log 2 N) with O(N log N) processors, or in time O(log 3 N) with O(N) processors
Endogenous levels of free and conjugated urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in control subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Abstract A sensitive and specific reversed-phase liquid-chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of urinary free and conjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) was developed. Sample preparation is minimal and the method is ideally suited for routine clinical assays of this catecholamine metabolite. Reported in this paper are excretion profiles of control subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma. Quantitative results were expressed as μg MHPG per mg creatinine, in order to eliminate variations associated with the 24-h urine collection. The levels of free and conjugated MHPG, determined in 20 control subjects ranged between 0.04–0.11 μg/mg of creatinine and 0.48–1.25 μg/mg of creatinine, respectively. The corresponding levels of free and conjugated MHPG in 8 patients with pheochromocytoma were 0.29–1.21μg/mg of creatinine and 2.47–15.98 μg/mg of creatinine, respectively. The described liquid-chromatographic analysis, coupled with the highly sensitive electrochemical detection, provides a simple and reliable method for metabolic profiling of catecholamine by-products at their endogenous levels. This offers an attractive possibility for the detection of neural crest lesions which may cause problems in diagnosis because of their small size, infrequent occurrence and symptoms similar to those of essential hypertension.
High vacuum/high frequency/high density e-beam test fixturing

Abstract All integrated circuits (IC's) employed in the electronics world today must be electrically tested to insure proper performance and reliability. Many of the test items reside in very-high-vacuum environments where pressures of 1×10−7 torr are common. With the advent of 500 MHZ., 512 pin Test Systems and the active pin count of new devices approaching 299 signal pins in a 25×25 pin-grid-array (P.G.A.) format, very challenging interconnection problems present themselves to the engineer responsible for the testing and interconnection of these systems.
Effect of a Brownian Sublattice on Polariton Dispersion

A set of coupled equations describing the effect of a disorder mechanism on polariton dispersion is given. The treatment differs from that one finds in the literature because the disorder mechanism is not taken as a second-order perturbation. A particular solution of these coupled equations shows that all originally undamped polaritons become damped waves. They all shift in frequency. Physical properties of different wave types in an order-disorder crystal are discussed. For the complex frequencies of the coupled waves a modified Kurosawa relation and a modified LST relation is valid. Numerical evaluations of this model shall be given in a forthcoming paper.
Novel Formulation of Bolt Elastic Interaction in Gasketed Joints

Novel formulation was proposed for studying bolt elastic interaction during the tightening of a group of fasteners in flat faced gasketed joints. The model was used for developing tightening strategies that would achieve a more uniform clamp load in the flange at initial assembly. Clamp load distribution is investigated for various tightening sequences and values for the gasket modulus of elasticity, gasket thickness, and grip length. An experimental setup and test procedure were developed to verify the numerical results produced by the elastic interaction model. Analytical and experimental results were presented and discussed.
On fundamental limits to glacier flow models: computational theory and implications

No single flow model can simulate all possible glaciers and ice sheets without violating fundamental tenets of computational science. The root cause is not one of numerical sophistication, precision or accurate initial conditions. Instead, using flow and transport as data transmission, glaciers inadvertently function as information processors. This computational capability confers a level of complexity that inherently limits our ability to accurately and efficiently predict glacier flow and therefore, for example, to forecast those aspects of climate systems that depend on glaciers. In particular, even with considerable future advancements in glacier physics, computational theory shows that no dramatic improvements in numerical speed are likely when compared to today's glacier models. Therefore, to increase speed and resolution, the next generation of climate and sea-level models must rely on simulations tailored to specific ice-sheet geometries rather than general-purpose glacier flow models. However, because glaciers process information, entirely new computation-theoretic advances in glaciology are possible, and concepts from information entropy may help to define new glacier scaling relationships and identify which geometries will be most problematic for modeling.
Modifiability of pattern generation

Rhythmic movements in animals are controlled by neuronal circuits that generate repeating motor patterns. Recent research is providing new insights into the cellular mechanisms by which central pattern generating circuits are reorganized by sensory, central and hormonal inputs to allow the animal to respond flexibly to varying environmental and behavioral demands.
Admissible State Semantics for Representational Systems

Several authors have proposed specifying semantics for representational systems by translating them into logic. Unfortunately, such translations often introduce unnecessary detail and complexity. We indicate how many kinds of informal semantics can be transformed directly into formal semantics of no greater complexity. The key to avoiding the difficulties of logical translations is to recognize the difference between internal and external meanings.
Direktes politisches Handeln des Volkes

Die Propaganda und der Einflus der Massennachrichtenmittel setzen, wie wir gesehen haben, den modernen Konstitutionalismus schweren Spannungen und Belastungen aus. Abgesehen von Neuerungen in ihrem eigensten Wirkungsbereich, z. B. verfassungsmasigen Beschrankungen der Rechte verfassungsfeindlicher Krafte, empfiehlt sich als Ausweg eine direkte Beteiligung der Wahlerschaft an den grosen Entscheidungen der Politik. Das immer wiederkehrende Problem der „Legitimitat“, d. h. die Frage, wie der Autoritat in den Augen derer, uber die sie ausgeubt wird, die Legitimitat verliehen werden kann, verlangte in der Tat zu Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts nach Auffassung vieler uberzeugter Demokraten immer mehr nach einer starkeren personlichen Mitwirkung der grostmoglichen Zahl von Burgern bei der grostmoglichen Zahl von Entscheidungen. So werden grundlegende Verfassungsfragen und wichtige Probleme der Ausenpolitik, namentlich die Entscheidung uber Krieg und Frieden, vielfach als Entscheidungen angesehen, die unmittelbar dem Volk vorgelegt werden sollten. Ferner schien es fur eine aktivere politische Betatigung des Burgers erforderlich, das jede grosere Gruppe in die Lage versetzt werde, ein Gesetz vor die Wahlerschaft zu bringen.
Soil respiration response to climate change in Pacific Northwest prairies is mediated by a regional Mediterranean climate gradient

Soil respiration is expected to increase with rising global temperatures but the degree of response may depend on soil moisture and other local factors. Experimental climate change studies from single sites cannot discern whether an observed response is site-dependent or generalizable. To deconvolve site-specific vs. regional climatic controls, we examined soil respiration for 18 months along a 520 km climate gradient in three Pacific Northwest, USA prairies that represents increasingly severe Mediterranean conditions from north to south. At each site we implemented a fully factorial combination of 2.5-3 °C warming and 20% added precipitation intensity. The response of soil respiration to warming was driven primarily by the latitudinal climate gradient and not site-specific factors. Warming increased respiration at all sites during months when soil moisture was not limiting. However, these gains were offset by reductions in respiration during seasonal transitions and summer drought due to lengthened periods of soil moisture limitation. The degree of this offset varied along the north-south climate gradient such that in 2011 warming increased cumulative annual soil respiration 28.6% in the northern site, 13.5% in the central site, and not at all in the southern site. Precipitation also stimulated soil respiration more frequently in the south, consistent with an increased duration of moisture limitation. The best predictors of soil respiration in nonlinear models were the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), antecedent soil moisture, and temperature but these models provided biased results at high and low soil respiration. NDVI was an effective integrator of climate and site differences in plant productivity in terms of their combined effects on soil respiration. Our results suggest that soil moisture limitation can offset the effect of warming on soil respiration, and that greater growing-season moisture limitation would constrain cumulative annual responses to warming.
Genetic Variation Is Associated With C-Reactive Protein Levels in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background— Increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have suggested that genetic variation within the CRP gene is associated with serum CRP. Methods and Results— We genotyped CRP genetic variants in 7159 individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). NHANES III is American population-based sample linked to hundreds of phenotypes, including CRP; however, the CRP assay used in this survey is not a high-sensitivity CRP assay, and 65% of participants (n=4679) had CRP measurements at or below the level of detection. Despite these limitations, we identified specific CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes associated with serum CRP levels in the general population. Two variants were associated with increased levels of serum CRP: SNP rs3093058 (in linkage disequilibrium with a CRP promoter SNP rs3093062) in the non-Hispanic black sample and the triallelic promoter SNP rs3091244 i...
Organization of the honey bee mushroom body: representation of the calyx within the vertical and gamma lobes.

Studies of the mushroom bodies of Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that their gamma lobes specifically support short-term memory, whereas their vertical lobes are essential for long-term memory. Developmental studies have demonstrated that the Drosophila gamma lobe, like its equivalent in the cockroach Periplaneta americana, is supplied by a special class of intrinsic neuron-the clawed Kenyon cells-that are the first to differentiate during early development. To date, however, no account identifies a corresponding lobe in the honey bee, another taxon used extensively for learning and memory research. Received opinion is that, in this taxon, each of the mushroom body lobes comprises three parallel divisions representing one of three concentric zones of the calyces, called the lip, collar, and basal ring. The present account shows that, although these zones are represented in the lobes, they occupy only two thirds of the vertical lobe. Its lowermost third receives the axons of the clawed class II Kenyon cells, which are the first to differentiate during early development and which represent the whole calyx. This component of the lobe is anatomically and developmentally equivalent to the gamma lobe of Drosophila and has been here named the gamma lobe of the honey bee. A new class of intrinsic neurons, originating from perikarya distant from the mushroom body, provides a second system of parallel fibers from the calyx to the gamma lobe. A region immediately beneath the calyces, called the neck, is invaded by these neurons as well as by a third class of intrinsic cell that provides connections within the neck of the pedunculus and the basal ring of the calyces. In the honey bee, the gamma lobe is extensively supplied by afferents from the protocerebrum and gives rise to a distinctive class of efferent neurons. The terminals of these efferents target protocerebral neuropils that are distinct from those receiving efferents from divisions of the vertical lobe that represent the lip, collar, and basal ring. The identification of a gamma lobe unites the mushroom bodies of evolutionarily divergent taxa. The present findings suggest the need for critical reinterpretation of studies that have been predicated on early descriptions of the mushroom body's lobes.
Definability and Initial Segments of $c$-Degrees

We combine two techniques of set theory relating to mininal degrees of constructibility. Jensen constructed a minimal real which is additionally a singleton. Groszek built an initial segment of order type 1 + α *, for any ordinal α . This paper shows how to force a singleton such that the c -degrees beneath it, all represented by reals, are of type 1 + α *, for many ordinals α . We also examine the definability α needs to be so represented by a real.
A novel clinical trial recruitment strategy for women's cancer.

Abstract Objective To address a deficiency in clinical trial and research enrollment in gynecologic cancer studies, we launched a paper based patient research registry. To improve registry enrollment, we transitioned to an online registry and trial matching mechanism to aid women in accessing open studies. Methods Utilizing a validated verification platform, we designed a web-based registry and trial matching mechanism for women over age 18. Participants completed a questionnaire to provide information for trial matching. A focus group of registry participants was held 9months after the start of the study to evaluate barriers to participation. Results A total of 322 women were enrolled in the online registry over a 14month period which was a 4.3 fold increase over the paper-based registry (p Conclusion Web-based patient driven registry provides dramatic improvement in the number of participants enrolled and the time to trial linkage compared to a paper based registry at a single institution. Further studies of barriers to research participation are necessary to improve on this model.