cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcription of intermediate filament genes is enhanced in focal cortical dysplasia

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is characterized by disorganized cerebral cortical cytoarchitecture. Increased expression of several intermediate filament (IF) proteins such as neurofilament, vimentin, α-internexin, and nestin observed in dysplastic "balloon" neurons (DN) may contribute to disrupted cortical lamination. We hypothesized that increased IF protein expression results from enhanced IF gene transcription within dysplastic neurons. We used a novel strategy to evaluate IF mRNA expression in three FCD specimens from medically intractable epilepsy patients. Poly(A) mRNA was amplified (aRNA) from single microdissected DN, morphologically normal neurons at the margin of the FCD resection, morphologically normal neurons in non-FCD cortex from epilepsy patients, and normal control neurons. Radiolabeled aRNA from single neurons was used to probe cDNA arrays containing the low (NFL), medium (NFM) and high (NFH) molecular weight neurofilament isoform, α-internexin, desmin, vimentin, peripherin (PRPH), nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cDNAs. Hybridization intensity of aRNA-cDNA hybrids was used to quantify relative IF abundance. Increased expression of nestin, α-internexin, PRPH, vimentin, NFL, NFM, and NFH mRNAs was found in DN when compared with the three control neuronal subtypes. Desmin and GFAP mRNAs were not detected in any cell types. Expression of PRPH mRNA and protein in select DN was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We conclude that aberrant expression of IF proteins in FCD likely results from enhanced transcription of IF genes in dysplastic neurons and propose that future analysis of transcriptional elements that regulate IF expression be evaluated in FCD.
Introduction to the Numerical Design of RF-Structures with Special Consideration for Axion Detector Design: A Tutorial

This publication on the numerical design of RF-structures presents two topics: (1) An overview on Numerical Methods relevant for RF-resonator design; and (2) An introduction to Simulation Software that covers 2D and 3D software tools. These include RF-design basics, introduction to Finite Difference, Finite Element and other methods, concepts for problem descriptions, interaction with particles, couplers, mechanical and thermal design, and a list of tips, tricks and challenges. This is the summary of a tutorial that the author has twice presented at a recurring “Workshop on Microwave Cavities and Detectors for Axion Research” (2nd workshop on microwave cavities and detectors for Axion Research at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, January 10–13th, 2017, https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=13068). Differences between the design of RF-structures for Axion detection and RF-structures for traditional applications are pointed out, where appropriate.
Early Post‐Intensive Care Syndrome among Older Adult Sepsis Survivors Receiving Home Care

Background/objectives New or worsened disabilities in functional, cognitive, or mental health following an intensive care unit (ICU) stay are referred to as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS has not been described in older adults receiving home care. Our aim was to examine the relationship between length of ICU stay and PICS among older adults receiving home care. We expected that patients in the ICU for 3 days or longer would demonstrate significantly more disability in all three domains on follow-up than those not in the ICU. A secondary aim was to identify patient characteristics increasing the odds of disability. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Hospitalization for sepsis in the United States. Participants A total of 21 520 Medicare patients receiving home care and reassessed a median of 1 day (interquartile range 1-2 d) after hospital discharge. Measurements PICS was defined as a decline or worsening in one or more of 16 indicators tested before and after hospitalization using OASIS (Home Health Outcome and Assessment Information Set) and Medicare claims data. Results The sample was predominantly female and white. All had sepsis, and most (81.8%) had severe sepsis. In adjusted models, an ICU stay of 3 days or longer, compared with no ICU stay, increased the odds of physical disability. Overall, the declines were modest and found in specific activities of daily living (16% for feeding and lower body dressing to 26% for oral medicine management). No changes were identified in cognition or mental health. Significant determinants of new or worsened physical disabilities were sepsis severity, older age, depression, frailty, and dementia. Conclusion Older adults receiving home care who develop sepsis and are in an ICU for 3 days or longer are likely to develop new or worsened physical disabilities. Whether these disabilities remain after the early postdischarge phase requires further study. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:520-526, 2019.
Antimicrobials before antibiotics: war, peace, and disinfectants

This analysis of antimicrobials before antibiotics uses both biological and historical approaches to examine the origins of contemporary antibiotic resistance in the decades prior to the introduction of penicillin. Genetic studies of resistance elements in contemporary bacterial pathogens point toward the importance of early twentieth century chemotherapies as initial selection pressures shaping the landscape of resistance elements even before microbially-produced antibiotics came onto the scene while historical analysis gives insight into the design of these pressures: specific toxicity in arsenicals, sulphonamides, and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as their industrial-scale production and distribution. Turning from production to application, the specific cases of troop mobilization and poultry farming between 1940 and 1950 in the United States are used to illustrate how profound physical and social disruption, outbreaks of epidemic disease, and mass prophylaxis and antisepsis with synthetic antimicrobial agents came together at scale in this period, generating a highly specific landscape of bacterial flourishing and killing, and setting the stage into which the first antibiotics came. Reframing antimicrobial resistance in a longer historical trajectory lends new insight into both the social origins and biological evolution of the phenomenon.
Researching Latinxs, racism, and white supremacy in bilingual education: A literature review

This article reviews literature on U.S. bilingual education that addresses white supremacy and racism, specifically pertaining to Latinx youth and their teachers. To illustrate the wide range of th...
Miliary tuberculosis disease in a domestic born 28-month-old

Case Report: A previously healthy twenty eight month old African American male presents to the emergency department with 39°C fever for 24 hours, fatigue for two weeks, and cough with post-tussive vomiting for one week. Patient’s grandfather was recently diagnosed with active tuberculosis and is undergoing treatment. Other family members found to have latent tuberculosis and undergoing treatment, however, patient has not been checked. Patient was born in the United States, as was his grandfather. On physical exam, patient was tachycardic, hypoxic with oxygen level of mid 90s on 0.5 L of O2 via nasal cannula, and 38°C …
Successful use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) on a pancreatic lesion in a peritoneal dialysis patient without interrupting treatment.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), a well-established minimally invasive gastrointestinal procedure, has been used to diagnose and stage cancers of the pancreas. We desc...
Lattice-based methods for regression and density estimation on complicated multidimensional regions

This paper illustrates the use of diffusion kernels to estimate smooth density and regression functions defined on highly complex domains. We generalize the two-dimensional lattice-based estimators of Barry and McIntyre (2011) and McIntyre and Barry (2018) to estimate any function defined on a domain that may be embedded in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$ , $$d\ge 1$$ . Examples include function estimation on the surface of a sphere, a sphere with boundaries and holes, a sphere over multiple time periods, a linear network, the surface of cylinder, a three-dimensional volume with boundaries, and a union of one- and two-dimensional subregions.
“CPS Sucks, but… I think I’m better off in the system:” Family, social support, & arts-based mentorship in child protective services

Abstract In the United States, 400,000 children are in state custody through child protection systems (CPS), most commonly for parental neglect. While states focus on removing children from danger, familial separation leaves a social void with negative impacts that can extend into adulthood. To better understand how youth in state custody navigate that social void, we interviewed 33 youth (aged 13–17) who were in CPS custody about their relationships with family, perceptions of role models and mentorship, and experiences with an arts-based mentorship organization. We also discussed their projected futures after CPS custody. The interviews took place in the field, during a two-week Theatre Camp program. Theatre Campers’ narratives illustrate the paradox between state benevolence and youth development: many felt safer in CPS, but encountered barriers to connecting with formal and informal support. They missed family, but also used them as examples of what not to do. Their unique perspectives (in state custody, but not incarcerated) provide insight into how marginalized youth view and engage with various forms of social support. We explore the implications of these findings for research at the intersection of criminology and social work, holistic juvenile justice policy, and social support over the life-course.
COVID-19 Treatment Experiences in the ICU

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global crisis at an unprecedented level. More than 4.75 million cases and 157,000 deaths have been reported in the U.S. as of August 3, 2020. The whole disease process, from symptoms and diagnosis to medications and treatment, has been a challenge, as COVID-19 is a novel disease that the world has never before encountered. In this article, the authors discuss the disease symptoms, pathophysiology and treatments based on their experience treating COVID-19 positive patients in the intensive care units of a major Louisiana academic medical center.
Parametric study and sensitivity analysis of a PV/microchannel direct-expansion CO2 heat pump

Abstract The work numerically investigates the effect of operating and ambient conditions on the performance of a new PV-heat pump configuration: a PV/microchannel evaporator, direct–expansion heat pump (DXHP) which uses CO2 in a transcritical cycle. A steady-state model of the heat pump is used to conduct a parametric study and sensitivity analysis. The variables considered are the evaporation temperature, CO2 and water mass flow rates, insolation, and ambient temperature. The parametric study shows that the system can achieve a COP of 5.16 with an outlet water temperature of 45 °C or an outlet water temperature of 95 °C at a COP of 3.34. At the baseline operating conditions, the maximum increase in PV efficiency due to the evaporator is ~1.20%-points. The PV efficiency increases with a reduction in evaporation temperature. It is insensitive to CO2 and water mass flow rates. The sensitivity analysis shows that the COP has a strong dependency on the CO2 and water mass flow rates. The water outlet temperature has a strong dependency on the water mass flow rate followed by the insolation, ambient temperature, and evaporation temperature. The results of the study can help guide how to operate the system. For example, for the average ambient conditions of Fargo, ND, an evaporation temperature between 0 and 2 °C, a CO2 mass flow rate of 0.017–0.024 kg∙s−1, and water mass flow rate of 0.020–0.026 kg∙s−1 should be used to maintain a relatively high COP (e.g. 3.8–4.8) while producing hot water over 55 °C.
Perceptions of HPV vaccination and pharmacist-physician collaboration models to improve HPV vaccination rates

Abstract Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States (US), with 12 cancer causing strains. Vaccination rates in the southern US fall below the national average. Pharmacists provide an opportunity to improve vaccination rates. Objectives The objectives of this study were to 1) identify barriers and facilitators to providing the HPV vaccine and Vaccines for Children (VFC) program participation in pharmacies and clinics, and 2) assess pharmacy staff, clinic staff, and parent perceptions of 3 collaboration models to improve HPV vaccination. Methods A developmental formative evaluation was conducted with pharmacy staff, primary care clinic staff, and parents of adolescent children. Interview guides were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination and VFC participation were explored. Additionally, acceptability of 3 collaboration models were explored: 1) a shared-responsibility model in which a physician provides the first dose of HPV vaccine with the second provided in the pharmacy, 2) a pharmacy-based model in which a clinic refers patients to the pharmacy to receive both doses, and 3) an insourced model in which pharmacists schedule days to provide the vaccine in the collaborating clinic. Results Twenty-nine interviews were conducted between August 2019 and June 2020. Both pharmacy and clinic staff had positive views toward the HPV vaccine and vaccinations in general. Pharmacists and physicians reported parental awareness and education as a barrier to HPV vaccination. Counseling about HPV vaccine was reported as being more time-consuming because of the stigma associated with the vaccine. Parents were willing to have their children vaccinated for HPV in the pharmacy but desired their child's physician be involved in the immunization process. The shared-responsibility model was the most favored of the 3 collaboration models. Conclusion Perceptions of the HPV vaccine and vaccination in pharmacies were positive. Collaboration between clinics and pharmacies to improve HPV vaccination rates is viewed positively by pharmacy staff, clinic staff, and parents. This study will guide implementation of pharmacist-physician collaborative models to improve vaccination through pharmacy participation in the VFC program and HPV vaccination.
Indications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) often have electrical dyssynchrony as evidenced by prolongation of the QRS duration. The dyssynchrony causes adverse remodeling and worse prognosis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) employs the use of an RV and LV lead to simultaneous pace the ventricles. It has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to enhance reverse remodeling and improve clinical outcomes in select heart failure patients. The guidelines have evolved to reflect the available evidence in effort to appropriately select patients for a CRT device. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the indications for CRT with an emphasis on landmark trials.
Isolation of inner- and outer-arm dyneins.

Publisher Summary Dyneins are the main constructive body part of the inner and outer arms of eukaryotic flagella and cilia. The composition of axonemal dyneins varies from species to species and within a single axoneme. Within an axoneme, outer-arm dyneins are thought to be homogenous in form, whereas the inner-arm dyneins consist of at least three subforms. Dyneins were first separated from other axonemal components by selective extraction in low-ionic-strength solution containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; however, this procedure causes dynein molecules to dissociate into subunits. It is now most common to use high-ionic-strength (elevated NaCl or KCl) solution to extract dynein from axonemes. Biochemical quantities of dynein can be obtained from five different sources. This chapter describes the procedures for isolation of axonemes and outer-arm dynein from the flagella of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and for the isolation of inner-arm dynein from the flagella of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhurdtii . Similar procedures are used to isolate dynein from a number of sources. The chapter discusses isolation of sea urchin sperm axonemes and dynein—collection of sperms, isolation and demembranation of flagella (by osmotic shock and with detergent), and isolation of outer-arm dynein from sea urchin sperm flagella. Because exposure of sea urchin dynein to detergent nonphysiologically activates the dynein ATPase activity, it is advised to demembranate by osmotic shock with high sucrose for investigations into the regulation of axonemes and dynein. There are details on Isolation of Chlamydomonas inner-arm dynein and fractionation of dyneins by sucrose density gradient zonal centrifugation. The existence of numerous outer-arm and inner-arm mutants and the ability to extract both inner and outer arms with high-salt solutions make Chlamydomonas an excellent system for purification of inner-arm dyneins. To isolate inner-arm dyneins from Chlamydomonas , a cell line genetically lacking the entire outer-arm structure is used.
The MED12/Cyclin C Interface as a Therapeutic Target in Oncogenic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling (LB285)

CDK8 is a colorectal cancer oncoprotein whose amplification-dependent overexpression identifies a significant subset of colorectal cancer patients with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, Cyclin C (CycC)-dependent CDK8 kinase drives tumorigenesis by regulating beta-catenin transcriptional activity. Accordingly, inhibition of CDK8 kinase function offers a promising therapeutic approach to CDK8-overexpressing colorectal cancers. CDK8/CycC, along MED12 and MED12, comprise a discrete 4-subunit “kinase” module within Mediator, a conserved multiprotein interface between gene-specific transcription factors and RNA Polymerase II. Our studies reveal that beta-catenin binds directly to MED12, which in turn activates CycC-dependent CDK8 kinase activity and beta-catenin target gene induction. Notably, we found that MED12 activates CDK8 through its direct interaction with an uncharacterized CycC surface groove that is phylogenetically conserved among CycC family members, but absent from cell cycle-type cyclins. We employ...
Expectancy-Value Models for the STEM Persistence Plans of Ninth-Grade, High-Ability Students: A Comparison Between Black, Hispanic, and White Students

Group differences in the effects of the expectancies and values that high-ability students have for science and mathematics on plans to persist in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) were investigated. A nationally representative sample of ninth-grade students, the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS: 2009; n = 21,444) was used. The analytic sample was 1,757 (48% female, 52% male) Black (13.8%), Hispanic (26.7%), and White (59.6%) students who scored in the top 10% of their race group on the mathematics achievement test. Hierarchical logistic regression models were developed for each race/ethnicity group to examine the relationships of demographic and expectancy-value variables with STEM persistence status. Science attainment value, science intrinsic value, and STEM utility value were predictive of STEM persistence, but these variables operated differently in groups of Black, Hispanic, and White students. Implications for educators include the need for ways to improve perceptions of science identity and awareness of the utility of science and mathematics courses.
THE UNBEARABLE HEAVINESS OF BEING

In response to Simone de Beauvoir's claim that for women ‘biology is Destiny’ Judith Butler says, ‘not biology, but culture becomes destiny’ (Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble, Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York and London: Routledge, 8). The Memoirs by Sharan-Jeet Shan, Kiranjit Ahluwalia, Jasvinder Sanghera and Rupinder Gill confirm that culture and gender shape women's lives and destinies. Especially, immigrant women often engage in a life-threatening struggle to change this destiny. This is not to suggest that men do not also face and transcend some of the same issues as women. In If You Don't Know Me by Now (2008), Sathnam Sanghera complains that in immigrant societies men are as trapped by culture as women but the media tends to portray them – men – as ‘beneficiaries’ rather than victims of culture. Although one would not want to create hierarchies of suffering and victimization, the memoirs considered here reveal that cultural codes do not hold men in the same kind of thrall as th...
Kinematic localization for world model calibration in off-line robot programming using Clifford algebra

The calibration of spatial relationships among CAD models of objects used in offline robot programming is discussed. An approach based on a Clifford algebra is used, and simple algorithms for this kinematic localization problem are developed. The position and orientation of each object in a workcell are represented by multivectors of different ranks and the localization problem is converted into that of solving a set of multivector equations. Given locations of points in two frames, an averaging process which yields the best orientation as the root of four linear equations and the best position as a linear combination of the best rotation and the centroids of two point systems is developed. If normal vectors are also sensed, the Clifford algebra representation facilitates definition of a measure of orientation error compatible with the position error. >
Evidence for increased beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness induced by 14 days of simulated microgravity in humans

We studied hemodynamic responses to alpha- and beta-receptor agonists in eight healthy men before and after 14 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) to test the hypothesis that increased adrenoreceptor responsiveness is induced by prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity. Steady-state infusions of isoproterenol (Iso) at rates of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. Infusions of phenylephrine (PE) at rates of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were used to assess responsiveness of alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptors. Slopes calculated from linear regressions between Iso and PE doses and changes in beat-to-beat heart rate, blood pressure, and leg vascular resistance (occlusion plethysmography) for each subject were used as an index of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. HDT increased the slopes of heart rate (1,056 +/- 107 to 1,553 +/- 83 beats micrograms-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.014) and vasodilation (-469 +/- 111 to -1,446 +/- 309 peripheral resistance units.microgram-1.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.0224) to Iso infusion. There was no alteration in blood pressure or vascular resistance responses to PE infusion after HDT. Our results provide evidence that simulated microgravity causes selective increases in beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness without affecting alpha 1-vascular adrenoreceptor responses.
α7-Nicotinic receptor expression and the anatomical organization of hippocampal interneurons

Abstract C3H and DBA/2 mice differ in their hippocampal inhibitory function, as measured by the inhibitory gating of pyramidal neuron response to repeated auditory stimulation. This functional difference appears to be related to differences in expression of the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor, which may be generally expressed by interneurons. This study examines the relationship between genetic variation in α7 receptor subunit expression and GABAergic interneuron distribution in various regions and layers of the hippocampus in the two mouse strains. Subpopulations of hippocampal interneurons in both mouse strains were found to bind [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin. However, the distribution of the [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin-positive hippocampal interneurons was significantly different between C3H and DBA/2 mice. In region CA1, and to a lesser extent in region CA3, DBA/2 mice had increased numbers of [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin-positive neurons in stratum lacunosum-moleculare and decreased numbers in stratum oriens. Similar differences in GABAergic neuron distribution were observed in region CA1 in the two strains. C3H/DBA/2 F1 animals were backcrossed to the C3H parental strain for six generations, with selection for either the DBA/2 or C3H allelic variant of the α7 receptor gene. The distribution of [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin labeling closely resembled the DBA/2 parental phenotype in animals retaining the DBA/2 allele of the α7 gene. These data suggest that the α7 receptor gene locus may influence the anatomical organization of at least a subset of hippocampal interneurons by an as yet unidentified mechanism. This difference in interneuron anatomy may also contribute to functional differences in inhibitory sensory gating between the two strains.
Can androgens alone fully restore seminal vesicle epithelium

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine if injected testosterone alone could restore the involuted seminal vesicle epithelium of hypophysectomized guinea pigs. Adult male guinea pigs were castrated, hypophysectomized, or hypophysectomized and castrated. Seminal vesicle epithelium was then isolated, weighed, analyzed for cytoplasmic protein content, and studied for its ability to synthesize four soluble, cell-specific, secretory proteins in vitro using immunoprecipitation techniques. Hypophysectomy, like castration, caused profound involution of this androgen-dependent tissue including loss of its protein-synthesizing capability. Testosterone replacement therapy restored wet weight, general cytoplasmic protein content, and in vitro protein synthesis to values found in castrated guinea pigs given testosterone. Thus, with regard to the parameters studied, the tissue responded to testosterone alone without apparent need for a pituitary hormone. Under the experimental conditions the administration of...
Kierkegaard on the madness of reason

Etude de la critique epistemologique, sociologique et psychologique de la rationalite objective developpee par Kierkegaard contre le systeme hegelien. Rejetant la conception rationaliste de l'agent autonome, Kierkegaard denonce le manque d'humanite, de profondeur interieure et d'individualite propre a la personne malade qui poursuit un ideal rationnel d'existence
Microvascular pericytes express aggrecan message which is regulated by BMP-2.

Abstract Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells capable of chondro-osseous induction contribute to the endochondral callus of healing fractured bone. Microvascular pericytes serving the role of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells are considered osteoprogenitors because they express type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, osteocalcin immunoreactivity, and bone sialoprotein mRNA. Previous electron microscopic studies indicate that this cell type has a contribution to the fracture callus. Limited data suggest that pericytes may also assume a chondrogenic phenotype. We undertook in vitro studies to understand how the chondro-osseous phenotype of the pericyte might be regulated. Using Northern analysis and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that cultured pericytes produce aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA indicating their chondrogenic potential. Aggrecan message is elevated by BMP-2 as analyzed by both Northern hybridization and RT-PCR. This finding suggests a regulatory role for this morphogen on this phenotype in pericytes. RT-PCR amplified versican product was also associated with pericyte cultures but was not affected by BMP-2. Our data strongly support a chondrogenic role for the pericyte and that the phenotype is regulated at least in part by BMP.
Germans from Russia in Saskatchewan: An Oral History

The Germans from Russia are a prominent settlement group in the rural landscape of Saskatchewan. Perhaps because they came incrementally, by chain migration, rather than by organized group colonization, they compose an ethnic group little noticed by historians. Also, their immediate origins are divided, inasmuch as earlier German-Russian immigrants came directly from Russia, whereas many twentieth-century German-Russian immigrants came to Canada from the United States, mainly from North Dakota and South Dakota. This article offers the first focused, scholarly historical treatment of German-Russian immigration and life in Saskatchewan. Drawing on oral histories collected with the support of the Faculty Research Program of the Canadian Embassy, it focuses particularly on growing up German-Russian on the prairies, positing a German-Russian ethnic identity distinct both from neighbor immigrant groups in Saskatchewan and from origin communities in the United States.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Shangri‐La: foreshadowing the Independent Living Movement in Warm Springs, Georgia, 1926–1945

American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is well known to have disguised and minimized his disability in his role as a political leader. Less well known is the remarkable nature of the colony he established for people with disabilities from polio in Warm Springs, Georgia in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The colony at Warm Springs represents a unique historical community in which disability was not stigmatized; where people with disabilities controlled their own resources and their own lives; and where the medical model of disability was repudiated. As such, the Warm Springs community represents a remarkable period and place in disability history that warrants continued study. New evidence drawn from the archives of the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation, the FDR Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York and the personal scrapbooks of former residents of the Warm Springs colony provides further support for the theory that FDR’s Warm Springs colony represented an early precursor to the ...
Wedge and strip image readout systems for photon-counting detectors in space astronomy

EUV and far UV applications of wedge and strip anodes in photon-counting microchannel plate detector systems are discussed in light of performance data obtained as a result of EUV Explorer spacecraft open face detector and FAUST-Spacelab far UV sealed tube sensor calibrations. CsI quantum detection efficiencies of about 80 percent at 114 A and about 40 percent at 600 and 1300 A have been achieved; a position sensitivity of less than 10 microns is demonstrated, and the position resolution, image linearity, background rate, and flat-field characteristics are discussed.
Regularity of minimizers of quasi perimeters with a volume constraint

We study the regularity of the boundary of sets minimizing a quasi perimeter T(E) = P(E,Ω) + G(E) with a volume constraint. Here Ω is any open subset of Rn with n > 2, and G is a lower semicontinuous function on sets of finite perimeter satisfying G(E) 6 G(F ) + C|E 4 F |β for all sets E,F of finite perimeter with equal volume. We show that under the condition β > 1 − 1/n, any volume constrained minimizer E of the quasi perimeter T has both interior points and exterior points, and E is indeed a quasi minimizer of perimeter without the volume constraint. Using a well known regularity result for quasi minimizers of perimeter, we get the classical C1,α regularity for the reduced boundary of E.
Selected list of russian references of sedimentology

American geologists and geophysicists have almost no knowledge of Russian research, whereas Soviet geologists and geophysicists are in general well informed of foreign literature. A selected list of Russian references on sedimentology is included in the hope of creating new interest in reading Russian scientific literature.
Perioperative mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome

Introduction Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a conglomerate of diseases in which bone marrow-derived cells die before or shortly after entering circulation. We sought to define the perioperative mortality in MDS patients. Methods We reviewed our experience of all persons treated for MDS at our institution over the past 15 years. Demographic and survival information were collected, and those who underwent any procedure requiring general anesthesia were defined as the operative subgroup. Results Of 169 patients identified, 39 (23%) were in the operative subgroup. The median survival was 17.8 months. The mortality rate for the operative group was 23% (N = 9) and 30.8% (N = 12) at 30 and 60 days post-procedure. Twenty-three patients (59%) had an urgent/emergent indication for operation, which was associated with higher 60-day mortality (N = 12, 48%) compared to those with elective indications (N = 1, 7%) (P = 0.037, Chi-square). Several other factors (age, gender, International Prognostic Score, MDACC score, and major/minor procedure type) were not associated with perioperative mortality. Conclusion Outcomes in MDS patients are poor with expected survival less than 2 years and high postoperative mortality in the setting of urgent/emergent operations. While maybe not prohibitive, we believe it is an imperative part of the informed consent process particularly for urgent/emergent procedures. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:46–50. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil and Sun angle interactions on partial canopy spectra

Abstract The spectral behaviour of an incomplete cotton canopy was analysed in relation to solar zenith angle and soil background variations. Soil and vegetation spectral contributions towards canopy response were separated using a first-order interactive model and consequently used to compare the relative sensitivity of canopy spectra to soil background and solar angle differences. Canopy reflectance behaviour with solar angle increased, decreased or remained invariant depending on the reflectance properties of the underlying soil. Sunlit and shaded soil contributions were found to alter vegetation index behaviour significantly over different Sun angles.
Lateral root development in exotic cottons

Abstract Lateral root development and vascular bundle arrangements of young 7-day-old seedlings of 120 exotic cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) strains were evaluated to determine the relationship between the number of vascular bundles in the taproots and the observed lateral root branching. Seeds were germinated and seedlings were grown in polyethylene growth pouches at constant temperature (30°C) in the dark for 7 days. Taproot length, lateral root length and number of lateral roots were evaluated on a daily basis during the 7-day measurement period. The vascular bundle arrangement of each taproot was determined by examining a segment of the taproot 5 cm from the root apex with a light microscope at the end of the 7-day period. Significant differences in the lateral root development among strains were noted. An in-depth presentation of the root development of four strains (T25, T169, T256 and T165) indicated that partitioning of total root length into lateral root was (Anov and Duncan's Multiple Range Test) significantly higher for the T25 and T256 strains relative to the T169 and T165 strain. Branching intensity was shown to be dependent on the vascular bundle arrangements as indicated by the Chi-square analysis of the relationship between the number of vascular bundles present in the aproots and the branching intensity (No. lateral roots per cm of taproot). As the number of vascular bundles increased, the proportion of plants with high branching intensities also increased. This information may possibly be useful in genetically altering plant rooting patterns and improving water and nutrient utilization under adverse growing conditions.
3-D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on tetrahydrofuroyl-l-phenylalanine derivatives as VLA-4 antagonists

Abstract Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on tetrahydrofuroyl- l -phenylalanine derivatives as VLA-4 antagonists. The best CoMFA and CoMSIA models that were generated using atom based alignment from a training set of twenty five tetrahydrofuroyl- l -phenylalanine derivatives, are six-component models with good statistics; CoMFA: r 2 cv =0.366, r 2 =0.983, s =0.099, F =172.661 and PRESS=4.435; CoMSIA: r 2 cv =0.528, r 2 =0.995, s =0.054, F =577.87 and PRESS=3.563. Both of these 3-D-QSAR models were validated using a test set of eleven compounds, whose predicted pIC 50 values fall within one log unit of the actual pIC 50 . The contour diagrams obtained for the various CoMFA and CoMSIA field contributions can be mapped back onto structural features to explain the activity trends of the molecules analysed. Based on the spatial arrangement of the various field contributions, novel molecules with improved activity can be designed.
Observation by scanning tunneling microscopy of the morphology change of Pt/HOPG after NO-CO reaction

Abstract We performed STM experiments to investigate the effects of NO-CO reaction the morphology change of Pt deposited on a HOPG surface. The gasification reaction on the Pt/HOPG resulted in straight channels, multidirection channels, and circular monoatomic step pits on the basal plane. We have observed more channel formation than pit formation in the presence of platinum particles, suggesting that catalyzed gasification is much faster than noncatalyzed gasification reaction. The observed channeling structure was found to be 3 to 8 monolayers deep and is due to NO-CO reaction at higher temperature at which Pt particles attack the edges and steps of the basal plane of graphite. The unique ability of STM technique was used to resolve atomic structure of 3 to 8 monolayers deep inside channel. The corrugation width of adjacent hexagons was found to be 2.5 A, which is in good agreement with the C-C interatomic distance in the literature.
Protein Synthesis in Micromeres of the Sea Urchin Egg

A method was developed for isolating large quantities of micromeres from the 16-cell stage of the sea urchin, and measurements were made of their ability to incorporate C^(14)-L-valine into protein as compared with that of a mixed suspension of micromeres, mesomeres, and macromeres. Per cell, the rate of incorporation was considerably less for the micromeres than for the suspension of mixed cells. Per unit volume, however, the two types of suspensions showed no significant differences.
Classical Many-Body Potential for Concentrated Alloys and the Inversion of Order in Iron-Chromium Alloys

Atomistic simulations of alloys at the empirical level face the challenge of correctly modeling basic thermodynamic properties. In this Letter we propose a methodology to generalize many-body classic potentials to incorporate complex formation energy curves. Application to Fe-Cr allows us to correctly predict the order vs segregation tendency in this alloy, as observed experimentally and calculated with ab initio techniques, providing in this way a potential suitable for radiation damage studies.
Stress-enhanced ion release — the effect of static loading

Static stresses affect the corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel, Ti-6AI-4V, and a Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Several corrosion parameters are modified by stress, although the changes most relevant to the clinical situation are lowering of breakdown potentials and increases in corrosion currents. AC impedance techniques to measure capacitance allowed the latter effect to be partitioned into components of true current density and true area changes. Although loading past the yield point can definitely cause stress-enhanced ion release (SEIR), it is not required. SEIR can also be caused by elastic loading. The basic mechanism for this phenomenon appears to be passive film disruption followed by slow repassivation kinetics. Polished, grit-blasted, and porous-coated surfaces were examined. The porous-coated materials seemed to be most susceptible to SEIR. If effects similar to those observed here apply to in vivo conditions, then tests on unstressed alloys in vitro could grossly underestimate ion release rates of stressed implant devices in vivo.
The Consequences of “Consideration Payments”: Lessons from Radio Payola

The prohibition of radio payola in 1960 gives us an opportunity to examine the effect that “consideration payments” had on the record labels that used them and on overall product variety. Using a historical Billboard chart data, we find that the prohibition of payola reduced musical variety and overall record sales, but may have helped increase access for smaller record labels. These findings support the theory that payola payments, which may impose a non-trivial financial burden on the record label, serve to reduce the radio station’s risk.
Preparation and Characterization of a Homoleptic Vanadium(III) Amide Complex and Its Transformation into Terminal Chalcogenide Derivatives [(3,5-Me(2)Ph)AdN](3)V=E (E = S, Se; Ad = Adamantyl).

Reaction of VCl(3)(THF)(3) with (3,5-Me(2)Ph)AdNLi.Et(2)O (Ad = adamantyl) yields the homoleptic vanadium complex [(3,5-Me(2)Ph)AdN](3)V (1), which reacts with chalcogens E (E = S, Se) to yield diamagnetic terminal chalcogenide derivatives [(3,5-Me(2)Ph)AdN](3)V=E [E = S (3a), Se (3b)] Crystal data for 1 and 3a are as follows. 1: C(54)H(72)N(3)V, fw 814.09, triclinic Po, a = 10.441(1) A, b = 11.648(4) A, c = 19.321(2) A, alpha = 83.69(2) degrees, beta = 83.89(1) degrees, gamma = 82.42(2) degrees, Z = 2. 3a: C(54)H(72)N(3)VS.(1)/(2)Et(2)O, fw 883.25, monoclinic C2/c, a = 43.400(9) A, b = 11.744(3) A, c = 20.705(4) A, beta = 113.05(1) degrees, Z = 8.
Determination of Elemental Composition of NBS 278 and NBS 688 Via Neutron Activation and X‐Ray Fluorescence

Data on NBS Standard Reference Materials 278 (Obsidian) and 688 (Basalt) are presented. Ten major elements, 24 trace elements, iron oxides, and water content were determined using X-ray fluorescence, instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis, delayed neutron assay, spectrophotometry, and coulometry. Good agreement between X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation, and with NBS certified values or recent literature consensus values was obtained.
Distal embolization for blunt traumatic splenic injuries: efficacy and complications

Purpose The role of angiography and embolization for traumatic splenic injuries has been shown, however, the particular techniques of proximal versus distal embolization remain controversial. Based on case reports and series, there is suspected increased risk of focal splenic infarction and/or abscess formation following distal embolization for traumatic splenic injuries, however, there have been no large studies to evaluate the efficacy and complication rates of distal embolization for traumatic splenic injuries. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of traumatic splenic injuries from the trauma registry at a level 1 trauma center was performed for the period between 2005-2011. 23 patients had penetrating splenic injuries and were excluded from the study. 243 patients had documented blunt splenic injuries based on CT imaging, operative findings or autopsy results. Data abstracted included patient demographics, injury severity score (ISS), splenic injury grade, management of splenic injury including surgical, non-surgical, and type of embolization, and outcomes for those cases that underwent angioembolization. Results Of the 243 patients, 30 (12.3%) expired prior to intervention, 55 (22.6%) underwent splenectomy, 2 (0.8%) underwent splenorrhaphy, 25 (10.3%) underwent angioembolization, and 131 (53.9%) had non-operative management. All cases of angioembolization underwent distal embolization using large particles, Gelfoam pledgets, microcoils or a combination of materials. In two cases, there was distal splenic infarction not requiring splenectomy or further intervention. In one additional case, there was focal splenic abscess which was drained percutaneously. There were no cases of rebleeding or major complications requiring delayed splenectomy. Conclusion Distal embolization for blunt traumatic splenic injuries is efficacious with no cases of rebleeding or delayed splenectomy in our series. Distal splenic infarction without clinical significance and focal splenic abscess requiring percutaneous drainage were noted in a minority of cases. However, the overall success rate in our series supports consideration of distal embolization for blunt traumatic splenic injuries.
Mattesia trogodermae infection rates as influenced by mode of transmission, dosage and host species

Abstract Specificity of infection by Mattesia trogodermae Canning was tested on six species of Trogoderma. Exposure of insects to similar numbers of spores indicated infections are always fatal in T. sternale Jayne, T. simplex Jayne, T. glabrum (Herbst) and T. inclusum LeConte. Rates of mortality (LT50's) were similar among the susceptible species and infection always reached 100 per cent in exposed insects. Trogoderma grassmani Beal and T. variabile Ballion were not infected at the dosages studied. When eggs were seeded on to medium containing spores, the number of adults produced from such cultures was reduced by 50 per cent with an inoculation rate of 50 spores/g medium. Five thousand spores/g were necessary to infect all larvae before reaching the adult stage, however, this effect could be achieved with fewer total spores per jar if they were concentrated in the upper 1 5 of medium in the culture container. Infected larvar, when introduced into cultures, also cause infection of newly hatched larvae and subsequent reduction of adult production. A single infected larva reduced adult production by 25 per cent; 100 per cent infection of larvae was effected with 25–50 infected larvae per 50 g medium. Adult T. glabrum males externally contaminated with Mattesia were able to transmit infective spores to females. Spore presence on the adults was determined by feeding the freeze-killed insects to larvae and inspecting the larvae for infection several weeks later. Male beetles were initially contaminated by being drawn to a corrugated cardboard inoculation device treated with pheromone ((Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol) and dusted with Mattesia powder. Pheromone-baited inoculation devices resulted in contamination of 96 per cent of test insects placed in the arena whereas only 56 per cent picked up spores from inoculation devices containing only Mattesia spores (no pheromone).
The Schwarzian derivative and conformally natural quasiconformal extensions from one to two to three dimensions

If2t is replaced by 2 in (1.1) then one obtains Nehari's original injectivity criterion. Nehari's result started what is by now a considerable amount of work in this area, see, e.g. ILl . Each of the present authors has been interested in theorems of this type, expecially in generalizations to higher dimensions, lOS1,2, C1,2]. What about one dimension? For a smooth real valued function on an interval, the Schwarzian can again be defined by (1.2), but there is no question of proving an injectivity criterion since one must already assume that f ' 4= 0 to define Sf. Remarkably, what does persist is the phenomenon of quasiconformal extension. We shall prove the following.
Hyaluronate coat formation and cell spreading in rat fibrosarcoma cells

Abstract Hyaluronate-containing pericellular coats have been demonstrated around rat fibrosarcoma cells by exclusion of particles (fixed red blood cells). The cell coats normally form during spreading of the rat fibrosarcoma cells subsequent to subculturing. Monensin, a drug which disrupts the Golgi and which also inhibits hyaluronate synthesis in these cells, inhibits the regeneration of these coats after hyaluronidase or trypsin treatment but does not inhibit cell spreading. Cycloheximide, a drug which inhibits protein but not hyaluronate synthesis, does not prevent coat regeneration but partially inhibits cell spreading. Thus by exploiting the opposing effects of cycloheximide and monensin on coat regeneration and cell spreading, we have been able to dissociate these two phenomena.