cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gleason Grade Group Concordance between Preoperative Targeted Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Histopathologic Analysis: A Comparison Between In-Bore MRI-guided and MRI-Transrectal US Fusion Prostate Biopsies.

The direct visualization of the biopsy needle and lesion location during sampling provides MRI-guided in-bore biopsies a superior sampling accuracy compared with MRI–transrectal US fusion biopsies.
[Estimates and prediction on incidence, mortality and prevalence of breast cancer in China, 2008].

Objective To estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of breast cancer in China,in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registries and the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005) were used to estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of breast cancer in China in 2008.Mathematical models were used to predict the breast cancer incidence and mortality in the next 20 years.Results In 2008,the incidence of breast cancer was 169 452 (14.2％) with the incidence rate of 21.6/100 000,ranking the second among all the cancers.Deaths due to breast cancer was 44 908 (6.1％) with mortality as 5.7/100 000,which ranked the sixth among all the cancers.The 5-year prevalence rate of breast cancer in China was 120.8/100 000,taking up the proportion as 26.1％,ranking the first among all the cancers.Breast cancer was seen more frequently among people aged between 40 to 70.Our data on prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Breast cancer was the second cause of incidence rates among all the cancers in China,with both increasing incidence and mortality.Population at most risk for breast cancer were those aged 40 to 70,who deserved special programs for prevention and control. Key words: Breast neoplasm; Incidence; Mortality; Prevalence
Predicting the Onset of Metal–Insulator Transitions in Transition Metal Oxides—A First Step in Designing Neuromorphic Devices

Several transition metal oxides, including La1–xSrxCoO3, are promising materials to realize resistive switching devices for neuromorphic applications, as they can undergo a metal-to-insulator trans...
Contextual Factors in Working

More and more, the literature recognizes that work is influenced by contextual factors: this precis traces the argument, considers of the relative importance of individual, group, and global factors in this researcher’s work experience, and sketches ways of coping with the global contextual factors of work.
Regulation and functional roles of chemokines in liver diseases

Inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of almost all liver diseases. Low-molecular-weight proteins called chemokines are the main drivers of liver infiltration by immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and others during an inflammatory response. During the past 25 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the regulation and functions of chemokines in the liver. This Review summarizes three main aspects of the latest advances in the study of chemokine function in liver diseases. First, we provide an overview of chemokine biology, with a particular focus on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of chemokine transcription as well as on the cell type-specific production of chemokines by liver cells and liver-associated immune cells. Second, we highlight the functional roles of chemokines in liver homeostasis and their involvement in progression to disease in both human and animal models. Third, we discuss the therapeutic opportunities targeting chemokine production and signalling in the treatment of liver diseases, such as alcohol-associated liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, including the relevant preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials.
The 2020 Evidence-Based Promotion Ladder of Academic Plastic Surgery.

Background Metrics were evaluated between academic plastic surgeons from different tiered training programs to determine promotion predictors within tiers and between tiers for those seeking promotion from assistant professor, associate professor, to full professors. Methodology We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study by collecting 61 variables from full-time plastic surgery faculty affiliated with United States residency training programs during the 2020-2021 academic year. Surgeons were stratified into nine cohorts for comparison by professorship (assistant, associate, professor) and Doximity-ranked institution program tiers (Tier 1 = T1, Tier 2 = T2, Tier 3 = T3). Univariate followed by multivariate regressions with reciprocal transformation were performed to determine predictors more likely associated with promotion or lateral movement. Results A total of 98 programs listed 851 surgeons. T1/T2/T3 surgeon promotion predictors included more years in practice (p = 0.002; p < 0.001; p < 0.001) and greater number of last-author publications (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.007). T1/T3 surgeon promotion predictors included higher h-indexes (p = 0.001; p = 0.002). T1 surgeon promotion predictors included being on journal editorial board (p = 0.040). T2 surgeon promotion predictors from assistant to associate included non-white race (p = 0.010). T3 surgeon promotion predictors included residency director (p = 0.009) and greater number of citations (p = 0.026). Promotion predictors from assistant, associate, and professors for T3/T2/T1 programs included greater number of last-author publications (p = 0.007; p = 0.002; p < 0.001). Movement from assistant and associate between T3/T2/T1 programs included plastic surgery department (p = 0.002; p < 0.001). Movement from assistant between programs included attending Top 10 US News medical schools (p = 0.012), attending more favorable Doximity-ranked research programs (p < 0.001), greater number of first-author publications (p = 0.017), and greater number of citations (p = 0.023). Movement from associate between programs included attending more favorable Doximity-ranked reputation programs (p = 0.017) and higher h-indexes (p = 0.017). Movement from professor between programs included receiving any American Association of Plastic Surgeons (AAPS) award (p = 0.039) and greater number of AAPS awards (p = 0.012). Conclusions Promotion predictors provided evidence to synthesize the Doximity-tiered Promotion Ladder of Academic Plastic Surgery.
Leveraging accelerated simulation for floating-point regression

Accelerated simulation (acceleration) platforms play a pivotal role in the verification of today's complex designs. Currently, acceleration is used with either adapted pre-silicon tools or post-silicon tools. We present a novel acceleration-only tool, which enables a fast and efficientmethodology for floatingpoint regression. We overcome the lack of test-bench in this environment through self-checking.
Dissertations at a Distance: Students' Perceptions of Online Mentoring in a Doctoral Program

The purpose of this research was to identify best practices in online mentoring used in an online doctoral program to mentor doctoral students through their dissertation. During semi-structured interviews, students (n=9) reflected on the challenges faced communicating with their mentors, and the online technologies, online mentoring strategies, and their own best practices that had been instrumental in the successful completion of their dissertations. Themes in the findings that are specific to the online mentoring of dissertations are discussed in the context of prior research on best practices in dissertation supervision in traditional environments.
From the Escuela Moderna to the Työväen Opisto: Reading, (W)Riting, and Revolution, the 3 "Rs" of Expanded Proletarian Literacy

In working class education, one of the primary goals in addition to basic literacy was the formulation of class-based interpretations of society. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as literacy programs began to filter into the lives of the proletariat, an attempt to expand the definition of literacy past basic reading and writing skills occasioned the rise of institutions that defined literacy as not only reading and writing, but also knowledge of class and economic theory. Thus, these early proletarian programs developed a broader definition of literacy, past basic reading and writing programs, to class-based educational curriculum.
The disinheritance of management ethics: rational individualism in Barnard’s The Functions of the Executive

Refers to Chester Barnard’s classic work in management theory, The Functions of the Executive, which includes one of the first systematic discussions of management ethics, and is an attempt to create a new justification for executive control and organization freedom. The literature reviewing Barnard’s effort has focused on the various arguments he uses to justify these ends. Contends that the key fact in understanding Barnard’s work on management ethics is that he broke with any historical continuity of (traditional) moral belief. Barnard attempts to replace traditional moral beliefs with a rational process of moral conflict resolution controlled by the executive. He develops a complex system of dichotomies, assumptions, and concepts in order to incorporate the individual into the organization and demonstrate the moral superiority of the individual executive. This conceptual system, however, is shown to be based on a contradictory reversal of the definitions in the individual‐organization dichotomy. This reversal supports Barnard’s objectification of organization which enables him to reduce morality to a functional role within the organization. In other words, morality is reduced to politics. The argument is based on the dubious ambition that only organizations, not society, can provide an integrated moral whole. Barnard’s justification fails in that rational individualism cannot provide a stable or legitimate moral system.
An Exploratory Study of Users' Purposes for Social Virtual Worlds

This study aims at investigating users’ purposes for social virtual worlds which are thriving and emerging social cyberspaces; and introducing an alternative method (i.e., a means-end approach) to analyze users’ purposes. The data from a web-based questionnaire were analyzed by a means-end approach (Olson and Reynolds, 1983) which produces users’ purpose structure consisting of individual purposes and their hierarchical relations. The results showed that people come to social virtual worlds for satisfying their social and hedonic needs and for escaping from real world constraints as do virtual community members and gaming virtual world players; they also pursue unique activities, such as creating virtual objects and selling them. On the other hand, by clarifying relations among purposes, the mean-ends approach provided a richer explanation about users’ purposes than prior research which just offers separate purposes of social cyberspace users.
Farm Level Impacts of Reduced Chemical Use on Southern Agriculture

In anticipation of Congressional debates over an expanded environmental title in the 1990 farm bill, several studies on pesticide use and the impacts of reduction were undertaken (e.g., Smith et al., Knutson et al., Osteen and Szmedra, and GRC Economics). Osteen and Szmedra reported that the use of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides increased steadily from post-World War II to 1982 before decreasing as crop prices declined and acreage reduction programs reduced planted acreage. Heightened concerns and perceptions about the presence of pesticides and nitrates in our food and water supplies have led to calls for the reduction and/or elimination of agricultural chemicals. For example, a National Academy of Science study has concluded and therefore fostered the perception that substantial reductions in chemical use are possible without large impacts on production and/or prices.
Implications of G-protein-mediated Ca2+ channel inhibition for neurotransmitter release and facilitation.

G-protein-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ current is ubiquitous in neurons, and in synaptic terminals it can lead to a reduction in transmitter release (presynaptic inhibition). This type of Ca2+ current inhibition can often be relieved by prepulse depolarization, so the disinhibition of Ca2+ current can combine with Ca2+-dependent mechanisms for activity-induced synaptic facilitation to amplify this form of short-term plasticity. We combine a mathematical model of a G-protein-regulated Ca2+ channel with a model of transmitter secretion to study the potential effects of G-protein-mediated Ca2+ channel inhibition and disinhibition on transmitter release and facilitation. We investigate several scenarios, with the goal of observing a range of behaviors that may occur in different synapses. We find that the effects of Ca2+ channel disinhibition depend greatly on the location and distribution of inhibited channels. Facilitation can be greatly enhanced if all channels are subject to inhibition or if the subpopulation of channels subject to inhibition are located closer to release sites than those insensitive to inhibition, an arrangement that has been suggested by recent experiments (Stanley and Mirotznik, 1997). We also find that the effect of disinhibition on facilitation is greater for longer action potentials. Finally, in the case of homosynaptic inhibition, where Ca2+ channel inhibition occurs through the binding of transmitter molecules to presynaptic autoreceptors, there will be little reduction in transmitter release during the first of two successive bursts of impulses. The reduction of release during the second burst will be significantly greater, and if the unbinding rate of autoreceptors is relatively low, then the effects of G-protein-mediated channel inhibition become more pronounced as the duration of the interburst interval is increased up to a critical point, beyond which the inhibitory effects become less pronounced. This is in contrast to presynaptic depression due to the depletion of the releasable vesicle pool, where longer interburst intervals allow for a more complete replenishment of the pool. Thus, G-protein-mediated Ca2+ current inhibition leads to a reduction in transmitter release, while having a highly variable amplifying effect on synaptic facilitation. The dynamic properties of this form of presynaptic inhibition are very different from those of vesicle depletion.
Pbmodels: software to compute stable models by pseudoboolean solvers

We describe a new software, pbmodels, that uses pseudo-boolean constraint solvers (PB solvers) to compute stable models of logic programs with weight atoms. To this end, pbmodels converts ground logic programs to propositional theories with weight atoms so that stable models correspond to models. Our approach is similar to that used by assat and cmodels. However, unlike these two systems, pbmodels does not compile the weight atoms away. Preliminary experimental results on the performance of pbmodels are promising.
Pyrazinamide inhibits the eukaryotic-like fatty acid synthetase I (FASI) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis treatment is shortened to six months by the indispensable addition of pyrazinamide (PZA) to the drug regimen that includes isoniazid and rifampin. PZA is a pro-drug of pyrazinoic acid (POA) (ref. 3), whose target of action has never been identified. Although PZA is active only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the PZA analog 5-chloro-pyrazinamide (5-Cl-PZA) displays a broader range of anti-mycobacterial activity. We have found that the eukaryotic-like fas1 gene (encoding fatty acid synthetase I, FASI) from M. avium, M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis confers resistance to 5-Cl-PZA when present on multi-copy vectors in M. smegmatis. 5-Cl-PZA and PZA markedly inhibited the activity of M. tuberculosis FASI, the biosynthesis of C16 to C24/C26 fatty acids from acetyl-CoA (ref. 6). Importantly, PZA inhibited FASI in M. tuberculosis in correlation with PZA susceptibility. These results indicate that FASI is a primary target of action for PZA in M. tuberculosis. Further characterization of FASI as a drug target for PZA may allow the development of new drugs to shorten the therapy against M. tuberculosis and may provide more options for treatment against M. bovis, M. avium and drug resistant M. tuberculosis.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER PRIMARY STENTING FOR SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY DISEASE

Little is known about long-term clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) for subclavian artery disease (SCD). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term clinical outcome after primary stenting for SCD. From January 2001 to December 2010, 83 patients (34p female, 69.9&
Novel preparation of bicyclo [3.1.0]hex-2-ene-4-one-1-carboxylic acid and related compounds.

An attempt to dehydrohalogenate 4-carbethoxy-2,6-dibromocyclohexanone ethylene ketal afforded bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene-4-one-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl bicyclo-[3.1.0]hex-2-ene-4-one-1-carboxylate ethylene ketal, and t-butyl bicyclo [3.1.0]-hex-2-ene-4-one-1-carboxylate ethylene ketal. Under milder conditions it was possible to secure 3-bromo-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4-one-1-carboxylic acid ethylene ketal.
Evaluation of Multipoint Interaction in the Design of a Thin Diffraction-Limited Active Mirror

Active control of a thin, deformable mirror is one approach to obtaining diffraction-limited performance from large orbiting telescopes. The control system design requires knowledge of the mirror reaction to the multiple forces used to maintain the desired mirror figure. A structural analysis program is used to obtain estimates of the static deflections of a point-loaded, thin, shallow, spherical primary mirror. The calculated deflections are compared to experimentally measured deflections for a specific configuration.
A new apparatus for continuously monitoring the deformation of a thermoplastic material

A new apparatus is described whereby the thermal behavior, including the deformation temperature, of a thermoplastic material may be obtained. The apparatus is intended to replace ASTM procedure No. D648-56 and has several advantages over that procedure. Thermal behavior of several common thermoplastics under two different stresses and for three different heating rates is described. An application to the determination of optimum cure times for certain thermosetting epoxides is also described.
Elevation of Cord over Maternal IgG Immunoglobulin: Evidence for an Active Placental IgG Transport

EXISTING evidence suggests that the concentrations of IgG immunoglobulin* in maternal and cord sera are essentially the same. In 1963 von Muralt1 concluded that no significant difference existed in the absolute concentration of gamma globulin in paired maternal-cord sera after reviewing forty-three published studies in which gamma globulin was quantitated in 1,542 maternal-cord pairs by a variety of methods. Recently, Gitlin et al.2 reported cord IgG to be equal to or slightly lower than maternal. They did observe, however, that IgG labelled with iodine-131 was present in higher concentrations in cord than in maternal serum if the iodinated protein had been administered to the mother 25 or more days before parturition. The higher cord 131I-IgG levels were felt to be a consequence of tracer kinetics and not an indication of higher cord endogenous IgG concentrations2.
The clinical content of preconception care: women with psychiatric conditions

For a substantial proportion of women, pregnancy can be complicated by the occurrence or reoccurrence of a psychiatric condition. Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy are associated with poor obstetric outcomes, higher risk of postpartum psychiatric illness, increased rates of substance abuse, lower participation in prenatal care, and adverse infant and family outcomes. As part of preconception care, providers should be vigilant and screen for psychiatric disorders among women of reproductive age, as the detection and appropriate management of these conditions can reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy and family outcomes. This manuscript reviews the treatment options and the risks and benefits of discontinuing, changing, or continuing psychotropic medications for women of reproductive age with common psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and offers recommendations for preconception care.
Heat and mass transfer during piloted ignition of cellulosic solids

This study presents the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation into the heat and mass transfer processes that occur during piloted ignition of cellulsoic materials. The experiments were conducted on both horizontal and vertical samples of thick pieces of wood initially at ambient temperature. The time required to ignite the sample in the presence of a pilot flame and the surface temperature-time history of the sample were recorded. The data so obtained were used to identify the critical surface temperature at ignition. These results compare well with those previously reported in the literature. Based on the experimental observations an approximate analytical model for the piloted ignition process was developed. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. This model is based on the following observations: (1) critical conditions at ignition are achieved solely by external radiation and surface radiant emission plays a dominant role in determining the surface temperature at ignition, and (2) although the heat lost by the flame to the solid at the instant of ignition is significant and may cause thermal quenching its contribution to the enthalpy rise of the solid is negligible. Also, to simplify the description of the gas-phase combustion process more » the concepts of nearly constant limit diffusion flame temperature at extinction and nearly constant heat of combustion of oxygen for most hydrocarbons are profitably employed. The approximate model presented here provides simple formulas that show good agreement with the experiments. It also provides some justification for the use of critical surface temperature and critical fuel mass flux as ignition criteria. « less
Rearing and Postembryonic Development of the Myodocopid Ostracode Skogsbergia Lerneri From Coral Reefs of Belize and the Bahamas

ABSTRACT Skogsbergialerneri (Kornicker, 1958) is the second species of the ostracode order Myodocopida to be fully reared. S. lerneri, a meroplanktonic scavenger, was abundant in baited jar traps set on the barrier reef off Belize, Central America, and at San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Live material was maintained in a coral reef aquarium and in small dishes. S. lerneri had 5 subadult instars and required 65-93 days to reach maturity, measured from the time eggs first became visible in the ovary. Brooding time in the marsupium was 14-18 days. New eggs were visible forming within the ovary of the mother as early as 2 days following release from the marsupium of the previous clutch of 1st instars. Females produced as many as 3 clutches of 10-22 1st instars, all apparently fertilized by stored sperm from a previous insemination. Development time of S. lerneri is similar to that of another cypridinid, Vargula hilgendorfii, partially reared at a similar temperature, but is much shorter than that of 2 other myodocopids belonging to different families and kept at 12°C or less. Tables and figures showing ontogenetic changes that can be used to identify each instar and a preliminary key to the instars of the Cypridinidae are presented. Most useful characters are the number of bristles on the following limbs: the 4th segment of the 1st antenna, the ventral side of the 2nd segment of the endopodite of the mandible, and the 6th limb; and the number and shape of bristles on the 7th limb. The first 3 instars have a posterior process on the body. Females of the 5th instar and adults are larger than males. Carapace sizes of 5th instar males and adult males from different clutches of the same mother ostracode overlap.
El papel del cateterismo cardíaco en la trisomía 21 y en la hipertensión pulmonar

Resumen Los ninos con trisomia 21 presentan un mayor riesgo de sufrir hipertension pulmonar. Los motivos son multifactoriales, pero incluyen un lecho vascular pulmonar anomalo con mayor propension a cardiopatia congenita y obstruccion de las vias respiratorias superiores. Y a pesar de que la asociacion de la hipertension pulmonar con la trisomia 21 esta bien fundamentada, este caso clinico senala la complejidad de la hipertension pulmonar en esta poblacion vulnerable, las limitaciones de la ecocardiografia y la contribucion crucial del cateterismo cardiaco aportando informacion para la gestion clinica.
Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein translation in axonal and dendritic terminal arborization

We identified a mutation in Aats-gly (also known as gars or glycyl-tRNA synthetase), the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of the human GARS gene that is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2D (CMT2D), from a mosaic genetic screen. Loss of gars in Drosophila neurons preferentially affects the elaboration and stability of terminal arborization of axons and dendrites. The human and Drosophila genes each encode both a cytoplasmic and a mitochondrial isoform. Using additional mutants that selectively disrupt cytoplasmic or mitochondrial protein translation, we found that cytoplasmic protein translation is required for terminal arborization of both dendrites and axons during development. In contrast, disruption of mitochondrial protein translation preferentially affects the maintenance of dendritic arborization in adults. We also provide evidence that human GARS shows equivalent functions in Drosophila, and that CMT2D causal mutations show loss-of-function properties. Our study highlights different demands of protein translation for the development and maintenance of axons and dendrites.
Building a knowledge base to assist clinical decision-making using the Pediatric Research Database (PRD) and machine learning: a case study on pediatric asthma patients

Background The Pediatric Research Database (PRD) is a clinically rich de-identified, standardized database designed around our institution’s electronic medical record (EMR) system. We intend to expand the utilization of the PRD to assist physicians by providing historical patterns based on conversations among physicians, patients and research personnel. As an example of such implementation, we are currently using a prevalent, chronic respiratory disease, i.e., asthma. Asthma is a very common disease in children. Early identification of patients at high risk of developing asthma can help provide them the best possible treatment. Identifying such patients from huge data sets (e.g., EMRs) is challenging and very time consuming. Using data mining techniques [1-3] to learn from past examples not only permits researchers to detect expected events, such as might be predicted by models, but also helps to discover unexpected patterns and relationships that may provide new insights.
Isolation and spectrophotometric characterization of photosynthetic pigments

Introduction students in the biochemistry laboratory are introduced to the extraction and characterization of biomolecules, the tissue of choice is most often of animal origin. Plant products are seldom used; therefore, students rarely gain knowledge and appreciation of the unique biomolecules present in the plant kingdom. In order to fill in this gap, we have designed an experiment in which students isolate a mixture of pigments by solvent extraction of plant tissue, separate some of the components by chromatography and identify them by visible region spectrophotometry. Students who complete this experiment gain knowledge and technical skills in biomolecule extraction, chromatographic methods, spectrophotometric techniques and plant pigment structure. Students will follow procedures which are typical for the general extraction and characterization of lipids. However, unlike most lipids (especially those in animals), the plant pigments are highly colored and may be characterized and quantified by visible spectrophotometry. Theory Many of the colors associated with higher plants (green leaves in the spring and summer, yellow or red leaves in the fall, the orange color of carrots, some colors in flower petals) are due to the presence of pigment molecules. Review articles on plant pigments have been recently written by Goodwin 1 and Lichtenthaler. 2 General information on photosynthetic pigments can also be obtained from the standard biochemistry texts by Mathews and van Holde, 3 Stryer, 4 and Voet and Voet. 5 The major photosynthetic pigments of higher plants can be divided into two groups, the chlorophylls and the carotenoids. Both types of pigments are present in the subcellular organelles called chloroplasts, where they are bound to proteins in the thylakoids, the photochemically active photosynthetic biomembranes. Intact pigment-protein complexes, which are held together by weak, noncovalent bonds, have been isolated from chloroplasts and characterized b~( polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focussing/The pigments are released in a protein-free form by grinding plant tissue in solvents such as acetone, methanol or hexane. Since the chlorophylls and the carotenoids are readily soluble in organic solvents, they are classified biochemically as lipids. The most abundant plant pigments are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b which occur in a ratio (a:b) of approximately 3:1. As is shown in Fig 1, the chlorophylls possess a porphyrin ring with a coordinated magnesium atom at its center, a fused, 5membered ring and a C20 phytyl side chain. This nonpolar, HzC=CH H C~ "3~c#.
Endocrine Screening for Sexual Dysfunction using free Testosterone Determinations

AbstractPurpose: Controversy exists concerning the need for routine endocrine screening in impotent men. Debate also continues as to what hormonal studies are necessary, the role of the free fraction of testosterone and whether a history of decreased libido or testicular atrophy can predict these endocrinopathies.Materials and Methods: We reviewed 508 consecutive men who presented with sexual dysfunction within a 22-month period. Testosterone data were available for 268 patients (53 percent) and prolactin data were available for 170 (33 percent).Results: Hypogonadism, defined as 2 abnormal total testosterone levels, was found in 42 of our 268 patients (15.6 percent). A history of decreased libido by patient questionnaire and/or testicular atrophy on physical examination could not predict these cases. A normal free fraction of testosterone saved further unnecessary endocrine evaluation in 50 percent of patients with hypogonadism.Hypoprolactinemia was noted in 3 of 170 patients (1.8 percent).Conclusions: Ro...
3D point-of-regard, position and head orientation from a portable monocular video-based eye tracker

To study an observer's eye movements during realistic tasks, the observer should be free to move naturally throughout our three-dimensional world. Therefore, a technique to determine an observer's point-of-regard (POR) as well as his/her motion throughout a scene in three dimensions with minor user input is proposed. This requires robust feature tracking and calibration of the scene camera in order to determine the 3D location and orientation of the scene camera in the world. With this information, calibrated 2D PORs can be triangulated to 3D positions in the world; the scale of the world coordinate system can be obtained via input of the distance between two known points in the scene. Information about scene camera movement and tracked features can also be used to obtain observer position and head orientation for all video frames. The final observer motion -- including the observer's positions and head orientations -- and PORs are expressed in 3D world coordinates. The result is knowledge of not only eye movements but head movements as well allowing for the evaluation of how an observer combines head and eye movements to perform a visual task. Additionally, knowledge of 3D information opens the door for many more options for visualization of eye-tracking results.
Building brand community membership within organizations: a viable internal branding alternative?

Purpose – This paper seeks to propose and test the appropriateness of a brand community within an internal branding framework.Design/methodology/approach – Using the multidimensional constructs of brand community and the strengths of internal branding strategies, this study explores the theoretical underpinnings of combining the two constructs.Findings – Intraorganizational brand communities are presented as a viable strategic possibility for targeting internal branding participants. Results lend strong support to the need for and efficacy of internal brand communities, and provide an opportunity to examine the strategic synergies of pursuing such a strategy for internal as well as external audiences.Research limitations/implications – The study was delimited to domestic participants. Additional studies are recommended to further test the constructs of brand community membership in an internal brand community.Practical implications – External branding initiatives and communications can be used internally,...
Principal component analysis for evaluating the feasibility of cellular manufacturing without initial machine-part matrix clustering

We present a set of diagnostic tools for machine-part matrix clustering. Machine-part matrix clustering is traditionally viewed as the first step in designing a Cellular Manufacturing System. Clustering is achieved by permuting the rows and columns of the matrix to get a Block Diagonal Form (BDF). Without actual matrix clustering being done, most methods for clustering fail to predict objectively the adaptability of the given matrix for Cellular Manufacturing. This paper presents an approach which predicts clusters accurately without initial machine-part matrix clustering. In addition, it also provides quantitative information on whether the matrix encourages Cellular Manufacturing without obtaining or partitioning the BDF. Lastly, the method also identifies the part families corresponding to each machine group in the same sequence for both dimensions of the matrix. This yields a BDF rather than a Block Checkerboard Form for the clustered matrix which happens when the machine groups and part families are ...
Convenient synthesis of nucleoside borane diphosphate analogues: Deoxy- and ribonucleoside 5'-Pα-boranodiphosphates

The nucleoside boranophosphates, having one of the nonbridging phosphate oxygens substituted with a borane (BH3) group, have shown potential therapeutical applications as aptamers, antisense agents, and antiviral prodrugs. An oxathiaphospholane approach, which does not require exocyclic amine protection of the nucleobase, has been successfully developed to efficiently synthesize 5‘-Pα-boranodiphosphates of 2‘-deoxythymidine, adenosine, guanosine, and uridine. The approach involves a key intermediate, the borane complex of nucleoside 5‘-O-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane 16, that undergoes a ring-opening reaction catalyzed by 1,4-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene to form the protected nucleoside 5‘-Pα-boranodiphosphate 18. Treatment of 18 with ammonium hydroxide yielded diastereoisomeric mixtures of nucleoside 5‘-Pα-boranodiphosphates 5. This oxathiaphospholane approach ensures the availability of nucleoside 5‘-Pα-boranodiphosphate analogues needed for antiviral drug research.
Greedy forwarding for mobile social networks embedded in hyperbolic spaces

In this work, we design and evaluate a novel greedy forwarding algorithm using metrics in hyperbolic spaces. Hyperbolic geometry has a natural topological reflection of scale-free networks, and greedy algorithm failed in Euclidean space becomes possible in hyperbolic one. We show that mobile social networks can be successfully embedded in such spaces, and obtains competitive performance in terms of message delivery ratio and cost. Under this result, we thus intuitively reveal the fundamental reason that why the famous BUBBLE Rap achieves the optimal performance.
Absorption of 280-Mev Photons

Total cross sections for 280-Mev photons have been measured for a number of elements. The source of photons was the bremsstrahlung spectrum of 310-Mev upper limit, which was obtained from the Cornell synchrotron. P hotons above 250 Mev were detected by a pair spectrometer and the transmission through various samples determined. The measured cross sections in units of ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/g are 0.01060, 0.0284, 0.0528, 0.0776, 0.1069, and 0.1148 for Be, Al, Cu, Sn, Pb, and U, respectively. The probable statistical errors range from 0.9 to 1.4 percent. These values are lower than the theoretical values by a fraction which is roughly proportional to ${Z}^{2}$ and is about 10 percent for Pb, in agreement with other results obtained at lower energies.
The Effects of Arsanilic Acid on Laying Hens at Three Dietary Protein Levels Part 1. Egg Production

Abstract MOREHOUSE (1949) reported that pullets receiving 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid in their growing diet came into production 15 days earlier on the average than the controls and suffered no detrimental effects on egg weight. He later (1954) recorded improved egg production and livability. Early sexual maturity was confirmed by Pepper et al. (1954). Libby et al. (1953) (1955) obtained an increase in egg production when arsanilic acid was fed to hens receiving a 17% protein diet. They also studied the residual arsenic deposited in the eggs and tissues of birds fed up to 180 gms. of arsanilic acid per ton. Some improvement in egg production due to the use of arsanilic acid was noted by Barnett et al. (1959), Couch (1956), Creech et al. (1955), Thornton and Moreng (1958), Heywang (1959), and Kurnicke et al. (1960). Lillie et al. (1957) concluded from 3 years’ experiments with dual purpose breeds that arsanilic acid …
The Student-Directed Summary of Performance Increasing Student and Family Involvement in the Transition Planning Process

Best transition practice engages students in the transition planning process. Several Division on Career Development and Transition position papers call for increased opportunities to enable studen...
Fluorescent Monitoring of RNA Assembly and Processing Using the Split-Spinach Aptamer

As insights into RNA’s many diverse cellular roles continue to be gained, interest and applications in RNA self-assembly and dynamics remain at the forefront of structural biology. The bifurcation of functional molecules into nonfunctional fragments provides a useful strategy for controlling and monitoring cellular RNA processes and functionalities. Herein we present the bifurcation of the preexisting Spinach aptamer and demonstrate its utility as a novel split aptamer system for monitoring RNA self-assembly as well as the processing of pre-short interfering substrates. We show for the first time that the Spinach aptamer can be divided into two nonfunctional halves that, once assembled, restore the original fluorescent signal characteristic of the unabridged aptamer. In this regard, the split-Spinach aptamer is represented as a potential tool for monitoring the self-assembly of artificial and/or natural RNAs.
Onset patterns in autism: Correspondence between home video and parent report

Objective The onset of autism is usually conceptualized as occurring in one of two patterns, early onset or regressive. This study examined the number and shape of trajectories of symptom onset evident in coded home movies of children with autism and examined their correspondence with parent report of onset. Method Four social-communicative behaviors were coded from the home video of children with autism (n = 52) or typical development (n = 23). All home videos from 6 through 24 months of age were coded (3199 segments). Latent class modeling was used to characterize trajectories and determine the optimal number needed to describe the coded home video. These trajectories were then compared with parent reports of onset patterns, as defined by the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. Results A three-trajectory model best fit the data from the participants with autism. One trajectory displayed low levels of social-communication across time. A second trajectory displayed high levels of social-communication early in life, followed by a significant decrease over time. A third trajectory displayed initial levels of behavior that were similar to the typically developing group but little progress in social-communication with age. There was poor correspondence between home video-based trajectories and parent report of onset. Conclusions More than two onset categories may be needed to describe the ways in which symptoms emerge in children with autism. There is low agreement between parent report and home video, suggesting that methods for improving parent report of early development must be developed.
Tests of Aloe vera for Antibiotic Activity

Mascerates of the central gelatinous portion, of the green vascular portion, and of the complete leaf ofAloe vera were tested for antibiotic activity both by the Oxford cylinder plate method and by the turbidimetric method. Within the limits of the experiments described, no antibiotic effect of these mascerates was observed when tested againstStaphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli.
A GRINDING-BASED MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SILICON WAFERS: DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF WAFER SURFACES

It is difficult for the lapping-based manufacturing method currently used to manufacture the majority of silicon wafers to meet the ever-increasing demand for flatter wafers at lower costs. A grinding-based manufacturing method for silicon wafers has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the site flatness on the ground wafers (except for a few sites at the wafer center) could meet the stringent specifications for future silicon wafers. The generation mechanisms of the dimples and bumps in the central areas on ground wafers have also been studied. This paper reports another study on the grinding-based method, aiming to reduce the cost of chemical-mechanical polishing – the final material removal process in manufacturing of silicon wafers. Using design of experiments, investigations were carried out to understand the influences of grinding process variables on the peak-to-valley values of the polished wafer surfaces. It was found that the peak-to-valley values over the entire wafer surfaces did n...
Dichotic Listening in Man after Section of Neocortical Commissures

Doreen Kimura’s modification of the dichotic listening technique of Broadbent for use as a means of studying the functions of the individual hemispheres represents a major contribution to the study of the human brain, since it is completely harmless and can be used in normals as well as patients. Mr. Robert Sparks and I made the first study of dichotic listening in a patient with a callosal section, whom we were able to study through the kindness of Dr. Joseph Bogen, Dr. Roger Sperry and Dr. Michael Gazzaniga. Our study was based on only one patient, and we were therefore pleased that a subsequent study of a larger series of callosally sectioned patients by Milner et at. (1968) confirmed our findings.
Needle path planning for autonomous robotic surgical suturing

This paper develops a path plan for suture needles used with solid tissue volumes in endoscopic surgery. The path trajectory is based on the best practices that are used by surgeons. The path attempts to minimize the interaction forces between the tissue and the needle. Using surgical guides as a basis, two different techniques for driving a suture needle are developed. The two techniques are compared in hardware experiments by robotically driving the suture needle using both of the motion plans.
A Systematic Review of HIV and STI Behavior Change Interventions for Female Sex Workers in the United States

The lives of female sex workers (FSW) in the US are typically marked by substance abuse, violence, trauma, and poverty. These factors place FSW at risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of this systematic review is to examine HIV/STI interventions conducted in the US that aim to reduce sexual- or drug-related risk behavior among FSW. Eighteen studies describing 19 unique interventions met our selection criteria: five exclusively targeted FSW, two reported stratified data for FSW, and 12 included at least 50 % FSW. Results indicate that 15 interventions provided HIV/STI information, 13 provided substance abuse prevention information, and few included content tailored to specific needs of FSW. Our findings suggest that current HIV/STI prevention efforts in the US do not adequately address the needs of FSW. Interventions are needed to address issues facing FSW in order to reduce HIV/STI transmission in this high-risk group.
The weight‐volume relationship of the test of Alveolinella quoyi: Implications for the taphonomy of large fusiform foraminifera

Severin, Kenneth P. & Lipps, Jere H. 1989 01 15: The weight-volume relationship of the test of Alveolinella quoyi: Implications for the taphonomy of large fusiform foraminifera. Lethaia, Vol. 22, pp. 1–12. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164. Alveolinella quoyi, the largest living fusiform foraminifer, can be used to infer the paleobiology of extinct fusulinids and alveolinids. We measured test plus organic material weight, test weight, and test volume for A. quoyi, allowing the calculation of test density under various conditions. Tests have an average of 43% chamber space, and an average density of 1.5 gcm-3. Living individuals can only fill an average of 39% of their chamber space with protoplasm. If they fill the remaining space with sea water, average effective test density is 0.953 gcm-3, if the space is filled with a gas the density is 0.671 gcm-3. Living individuals can withstand current velocities of 3–4 m sec-1, velocities greater than commonly occur inA. quoyi's habitat. Dead tests have lower effective densities than many carbonate sedimentary particles (0.508 g cm-3 if the chamber space is gas filled, 0.953 g cm-3 if it is sea water filled), making their settling velocities slow relative to similarly shaped and sized particles. Their large size and high traction velocities (>0.2m sec-1) makes them unaffected by gentle currents which can remove 100–200 μ sized particles from the sediment. Their low settling velocity will tend to concentrate A. quoyi tests during subsequent resuspension, creating a layer of tests near the sediment-water interface. Concentrations of extinct fusiform foraminifera may have formed in a similar manner. □Lorger foraminifera, test weight, test volume, test density, taphonomy.
Nonlinear quantum equation from curved space

Abstract The nonlinear Dirac equation and the nonlinear Schrodinger equation are derived from curved space. These results come about due the presence of torsion, which is derived from a potential and created by the Dirac field. It is shown how the torsion can be eliminated from the field equations and how the nonlinear equations arise.
New Urbanism and the Barrio

The last decade has seen a growing turn toward New Urbanism in the redevelopment of urban neighborhoods. In October 2007 the City of Santa Ana released a draft Renaissance Plan to revitalize a tran...