cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competition Involving Dominant Mutants in Experimental Populations of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

The dominant mutants studied were Lobe-2 (Lz; 2-72.0) and a spontaneous Lobe mutant; Beadex-3 (Bz3; 1-59.4); the Bar duplication (B; 1-57.0) ; and brown-dominant (bw”; 2-104.5), also apparently a duplication. Because of its phenotypic resemblance to bw”, the recessive brown allele (bw) was also used. Of these genes, only bw” was completely dominant to the wild type,. so that bw”/+ is indistinguishable from bwD/bwD (and bw/bw). The other dominants were partial dominants, with the heterozygotes less extreme in expression than the homozygous dominant type. The procedures were similar to those of MERRELL and UNDERHILL (1956). All of the populations and experiments were run in constant light at 21 k 1°C and 50% relative humidity. The competition in the population bottles was started by adding a single homozygous wild-type Lausanne Special male to a well established population (200 to 400 adults) homozygous for one of the mutants. The initial gene frequency of the wild type was, at most, about 0.005. This procedure permits study of the course of selection over virtually the entire range of gene frequencies. No effort was made to achieve isogeneity at the other loci. The variability in the papulations at the outset was probably not nearly so great as might be found in a wild population,
Effect of Stresses from Thermal Expansion Anisotropy, Phase Transformations, and Second Phases on the Strength of Ceramics

Critical flaws were determined by fractography in several ceramic bodies having internal stresses due to thermal expansion anisotropy, phase transformations, or second phases. Fracture energies calculated using the observed flaw sizes and shapes agreed well with those measured by fracture-mechanics techniques at large flaw sizes. However, at smaller flaw sizes, calculated fracture energies decreased with decreasing flaw size. This decrease is attributed to internal stresses which increasingly contribute to failure as flaw sizes approach the sizes dominated by tensile components of these internal stresses. These components, in turn, are due to statistical variations of grain orientation. The projected contribution of internal stresses to failure is consistent with simple estimates of their levels as the flaw size decreases to about the grain size. Thus, application of fracture mechanics must take into account an increasing contribution of internal stresses as flaw sizes decrease in bodies in which these stresses can exist.
Deterministic Temporal Variation

I now consider what happens when the fixed matrix b of (2.1.2) is replaced by a deterministically varying sequence of matrices. This is a long-standing problem with Norton (1928), Coale (1957), and Lopez (1961) being the classical contributions. Golubitsky et al. (1977), Hajnal (1976), Kim and Sykes (1976), Seneta (1981), Cohen (1979b), Tuljapurkar (1984) and Kim (1987) are more recent explorations. This work is a prerequisite to the study of random rates. I first consider general variation, and then cyclical variation.
Harvesting Parallel News Streams to Generate Paraphrases of Event Relations

The distributional hypothesis, which states that words that occur in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings, has inspired several Web mining algorithms for paraphrasing semantically equivalent phrases. Unfortunately, these methods have several drawbacks, such as confusing synonyms with antonyms and causes with effects. This paper introduces three Temporal Correspondence Heuristics, that characterize regularities in parallel news streams, and shows how they may be used to generate high precision paraphrases for event relations. We encode the heuristics in a probabilistic graphical model to create the NEWSSPIKE algorithm for mining news streams. We present experiments demonstrating that NEWSSPIKE significantly outperforms several competitive baselines. In order to spur further research, we provide a large annotated corpus of timestamped news articles as well as the paraphrases produced by NEWSSPIKE.
The inactivation domain of STIM1 is functionally coupled with the Orai1 pore to enable Ca2+-dependent inactivation.

The inactivation domain of STIM1 (IDSTIM: amino acids 470–491) has been described as necessary for Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) of Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Here we identify acidic residues within IDSTIM that control the extent of CDI and examine functional interactions of IDSTIM with Orai1 pore residues W76 and Y80. Alanine scanning revealed three IDSTIM residues (D476/D478/D479) that are critical for generating full CDI. Disabling IDSTIM by a triple alanine substitution for these three residues (“STIM1 3A”) or by truncation of the entire domain (STIM11–469) reduced CDI to the same residual level observed for the Orai1 pore mutant W76A (approximately one third of the extent seen with full-length STIM1). Results of noise analysis showed that STIM11–469 and Orai1 W76A mutants do not reduce channel open probability or unitary Ca2+ conductance, factors that determine local Ca2+ accumulation, suggesting that they diminish CDI instead by inhibiting the CDI gating mechanism. We tested for functional coupling between IDSTIM and the Orai1 pore by double-mutant cycle analysis. The effects on CDI of mutations disabling IDSTIM or W76 were not additive, demonstrating that IDSTIM and W76 are strongly coupled and act in concert to generate full-strength CDI. Interestingly, disabling IDSTIM and W76 separately gave opposite results in Orai1 Y80A channels: channels with W76 but lacking IDSTIM generated approximately two thirds of the WT extent of CDI but those with IDSTIM but lacking W76 completely failed to inactivate. Together, our results suggest that Y80 alone is sufficient to generate residual CDI, but acts as a barrier to full CDI. Although IDSTIM is not required as a Ca2+ sensor for CDI, it acts in concert with W76 to progress beyond the residual inactivated state and enable CRAC channels to reach the full extent of inactivation.
Assessment of the energy conservation potential of active (variable thermal resistance and switchable absorptance) building thermal insulation systems

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Simplified Program for Residential Energy (ESPRE) was used to determine the heating and cooling loads for a hypothetical 1600-ft{sup 2} structure located in three climates (hot, moderate, and cold) and equipped with either passive or active insulation systems. The passive (i.e., time-invariant) insulation systems studied included thermal resistance values for the attic, floor, and walls of 0.5, 19, and 38 h{center dot}ft{sup 2}{center dot}{degree}F/Btu; absorptance values for the roof and walls of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8; and window transmittance values of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8. The annual heating-plus-cooling load was calculated for 430 passive systems. The wide variety of passive insulation systems were then optimized using a postsimulation program to establish the minimum load that would result if a set of passive systems could be made active (i.e., switchable from one passive system to another, depending on which passive system produced the lowest heating-plus-cooling load). The annual heating-plus-cooling load was established for 171 active systems. The predicted annual loads with passive insulation systems having an attic thermal resistance of 38 and floor and wall resistances of 19 were Phoenix, Arizona, 58 MBtu; Lexington, Kentucky, 62 MBtu; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, 90 MBtu. The most energy-conservingmore » systems predicted savings of 20 to 25 MBtu/year in all three climates. Because active fenestration systems yielded nearly half of this potential savings, these systems deserve further study. 19 refs., 7 figs., 25 tabs.« less
The Heat of Formation of Molecular Oxygen

An apparatus has been constructed and described for the production of atomic oxygen and the direct determination of the heat of formation of molecular oxygen. A series of determinations have been conducted in the pressure range of 0.1 to 0.55 mm of mercury. The heat of formation of molecular oxygen was determined by these experiments as 131,000 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6,000) calories or 5.7 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3) volts per gram molecular weight. Several of the properties of atomic oxygen have been investigated including the possibility of long-lived metastable states.
Sexuality degree zero: pleasure and power in the novels of John Rechy, Arturo Islas, and Michael Nava.

"Sexuality Degree Zero" explores common themes and formal strategies in the fiction of three prominent gay Chicano writers: John Rechy, Arturo Islas, and Michael Nava. Employing the concept of a politicized textual "pleasure" as theorized by French critic Roland Barthes, the study argues for the political efficacy of aesthetic choices characteristic to the three authors. Analyses of Rechy's use of pornography, of Islas' transgressive use of cultural iconography, and of Nava's use of sexual "perversions" in the context of classic crime fiction, all go to demonstrate the various uses of pleasure in the construction of a doubly marginalized but defiant self and voice in fiction by gay Chicano men.
AGE-SPECIFIC PLUMAGE CHARACTERS AND ANNUAL MOLT SCHEDULES OF HERMIT WARBLERS AND TOWNSEND'S WARBLERS'

We investigated age-specific plumage characters and the annual molt schedules of Hermit Warblers (Dendroica occidentalis) and Townsend's Warblers (D. townsendi), two closely related wood warblers that hybridize extensively where their breeding ranges overlap. First, we developed a method for aging spring males based on plumage characters. Previous authors have shown that adults of both species have black throats and immatures have yellow throats before their first prealtemate molt. However, because the throats of most immatures become largely black in this molt, distinguishing between the two classes becomes problematic in spring and summer. We established aging criteria based on the appearance of the rectrices and wing coverts that allowed us to age correctly 99% of birds whose age could be determined independently by throat color. Furthermore, we could assign 96% of birds to age cohorts based on either throat color or these criteria. Second, we documented the annual molt schedules for males of both age cohorts of both species. Birds complete the prealtemate molt on the wintering grounds, and the prebasic molt is essentially completed before birds arrive on the wintering grounds, although we found several birds in light molt south of the breeding range. Finally, we discovered several immature males of both species growing yellow, female-like feathers in the spring, supporting summer explanations for delayed maturation of the breeding plumage in these two species. Immature males differed from adults during the breeding season in several other plumage characters in addition to throat color.
Direct Near-Field Observation of Orientation-Dependent Optical Response of Gold Nanorods

The orientation-dependent optical response of short gold nanorods (length less than 100 nm) has been directly observed in the near-field, mapping the in-plane and out-of-plane vector components selectively using interferometric apertureless near-field scanning optical microscope. For the gold nanorods dispersed randomly on oxide-coated silicon wafer, the optical amplitude and phase contrast that are characteristic of the longitudinal and transverse mode dipolar plasmon resonances have been clearly resolved when the long axes of the nanorods are aligned parallel and perpendicular to the electric field of the laser, respectively. The near-field amplitude ratio of the longitudinal to the transverse plasmon mode is much smaller than the corresponding ratio of the scattering cross section, indicating the more efficient coupling of the longitudinal mode to the far-field than the transverse mode. This near-field amplitude ratio increases with the length-to-width aspect ratio of the nanorods, and electromagnetic ...
Distinguishing collaboration from contribution in environmental research

In this paper, we distinguish contributory from collaborative approaches to interdisciplinary environmental research. A characteristic feature of the collaborative approach is that emphasis is placed on the process of collaborative problem formulation. Rather than responding to a pre-described problem by supplementing disciplinary perspectives and methodologies as needed, a collaborative research process entails attending to the characterization of the problem itself as a necessary object of interdisciplinary research. We suggest that clearly distinguishing collaborative from contributory models of interdisciplinary environmental research, and explicitly practicing collaborative research, will help foster a culture of robust interdisciplinary engagement well suited to addressing many of today’s complex environmental problems.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Recent progress of the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is addressed. Early CDH onset within 24 hours of life has been a main concern for neonatologists and pediatric surgeons. Repair of CDH has changed from an emergent procedure to a delayed procedure in the last decade. Employment of new modalities including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO), inhaled NO, and surfactants is decided depending on the situation of each institution. Permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration, more recent style of respiratory management aiming to avoid barotraumas, has reportedly made the outcome much better. Fetal surgery consisting of fetal tracheal occlusion and tracheal repair with ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) has been applied for most serious patients with antenatal diagnosis. It is a promising approach, but recent study failed to demonstrate the improved survival or morbidity rates by tracheal occlusion of the fetuses. Other innovative approaches such as liquid ventilation, minimally invasive surgery, and lung transplantation have begun to be clinically employed. However, the impact of these approaches on the clinical results has not been determined yet. According to the report from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons, the survival rate of neonates with CDH has improved from 60% to 75% for these 10 years.
Formal specification of multisimulations using Maude

Simulation models are typically developed by domain experts who have an in-depth understanding of the phenomena being modeled and are designed to be executed and evaluated independently. A grand challenge is to facilitate the process of pulling all of independently created models together into an integrated simulation environment wherein we can model and execute complex scenarios involving multiple simulators. In this paper, we describe the use of the rewriting logic based Maude tool to specify and analyze such an integrated simulation environments (multisimulations). We discuss the representation of the underlying multisimulation concepts and describe the use of Maude capabilities to analyze multisimulations. We also discuss the use of Maude's reflective capability. The idea of multisimulations specifications using Maude opens up an exciting new world of challenging applications for formal methods in general and for rewriting logic based formalisms in particular.
Trends in Support of Educational Research for the Handicapped

The US Office of Education has been involved in the support of educational research related to the handicapped for slightly over ten years. During this period the level of support, breadth of progr...
Relationship of serum iron and nonprotein-bound iron concentrations following administration of ferrous sulfate in pigs

A prospective analytical study was conducted to determine the relationship between nonprotein-bound iron and serum iron concentrations following gastric instillation of ferrous sulfate. Four female pigs (20-22 kg) with indwelling central venous lines and gastrostomy tubes were studied. A 5% solution of ferrous sulfate (20 mg elemental iron/kg bwt) was administered through the gastrostomy tube over 1 to 2 min. Six hourly blood samples were collected, and serum samples were subjected to ultrafiltration with the filtrate representing nonprotein-bound iron. Iron concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Baseline (mean +/- SD) iron concentrations were 73 +/- 25 micrograms/dL as the serum total and 21 +/- 4 micrograms/dL as nonprotein-bound iron. The serum iron and nonprotein-bound iron concentrations achieved a peak of 191 +/- 66 and 23 +/- 10, respectively, at 2 h and declined to near baseline values at 6 h. The mean ratio of filtrate to serum iron concentration was 0.16 +/- 0.08 and ranged from 0.08 to 0.29. Nonprotein-bound iron did not increase as the serum iron concentration increased (r = 0.18) within the ranges achieved in the study. The absence of protein, particularly transferrin and albumin, was verified by electrophoresis. A form of apparent nonprotein-bound iron was isolated from serum by ultrafiltration and its concentration was relatively constant despite the rise and fall of total serum iron concentrations during the 6 h. These observations warrant further investigation to understand the development of toxicity in acute iron poisoning.
Imagination and Historical Knowledge

One can hardly fail to notice in Vico’s writings the quite amazing jumble of ideas and terms. The danger when one is presented with such an inchoate mixture of the startlingly new and the prosaic is to read into it an interpretation which is not dissimilar to that held before reading Vico. But even if Vico’s lack of precise terminology is to be greatly regretted, the continuation of such an approach would be intolerable. There is no doubt this has hindered a proper understanding of the Vichian view of fantasia, for much of the confusion regarding Vico’s views on this pivotal issue is because it has been relegated to a subordinate position, as simply the means of creating mythology and early poetry. Thus the only hope of understanding the profound implications of Vico’s discussion of fantasia is to begin by dividing into categories the three main ways in which he used this not uncommon term.
Heat-shock protein induction in adriamycin and picornavirus-infected cardiocytes.

Background Both chemicals, such as the chemotherapy agent adriamycin, and viruses, such as the picornaviruses coxsackievirus B3 and encephalomyocarditis virus, cause metabolic injury in myocardial cells. This injury includes depression of cellular RNA and protein synthesis and production of oxygen free radicals which are known to induce increased expression of "heat-shock" or stress proteins (hsp). These hsp can stimulate potent T lymphocyte responses that may then contribute to cardiac damage associated with adriamycin therapy and picornavirus infections. Experimental design To determine whether adriamycin and the picornaviruses stimulate hsp expression, cultured neonatal myocardial cells from BALB/c Cum mice were treated with heat-shock, adriamycin and either infectious or ultraviolet irradiated (noninfectious) CVB3. The treated myocardial cell homogenates were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis for 70 kilodalton hsp. To determine whether these treatments stimulated T lymphocyte responses (presumably to hsp), BALB/c Cum mice were injected with 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant containing 0.1 mg of heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis, 10 mg/kg adriamycin or 5 x 10(4) plaque-forming units CVB3 intraperitoneally. Splenic lymphocytes obtained 7 days later from these animals were evaluated in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay to cultured myocytes treated with heat-shock, adriamycin or virus. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were characterized as to T cell subset and T cell receptor (TcR) utilization treating CTL populations with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies or with anti-alpha/beta TcR or anti-gamma/delta TcR antibodies. Results Both adriamycin and infectious virus treatment of myocardial cells stimulated increased hsp expression. Ultraviolet irradiation of the virus prevents virus replication and failed to elicit hsp production in heart cells. Two types of CTL were detected. Animals injected with complete Freund's adjuvant virus, and adriamycin produced CD8+, gamma/delta TcR+ CTL that were not major histocompatibility complex antigen restricted since both CBA (H-2k) and BALB/c (H-2d) myocardial cells were lysed. Virus-specific CTL, belonging to the CD4+, alpha/beta TcR+ population, were detected in CVB3-infected mice. Conclusions Different agents that metabolically injure myocardial cells can induce increased expression of one or more hsp. CTL presumably directed to these hsp can cross-reactively lyse targets treated with any of the hsp inducing agents. This observation raises the question whether multiple exposures of individuals to dramatically different hsp-inducing agents might result in increasingly damaging immune responses.
205. Osteopontin Mediates Stat1 Degradation to Inhibit iNOS Transcription in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model of Sepsis

Background. Osteopontin (OPN) represses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by increasing ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome degradation of Stat1, a critical transcription factor for iNOS expression. We investigated the in vivo relevance of our findings in a cecal ligation and puncture model. Methods and Results. A total of 129 wild-type (WT; n = 24) and OPN null (n = 24) mice were used. Bone marrow macrophages and whole liver tissue were isolated. iNOS and phosphorylated Stat1 (P-Stat1) protein were significantly greater in OPN null than WT. Cecal ligation and puncture increased Ub-P-Stat1; Ub-P-Stat1 was significantly less in OPN null than WT. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, P-Stat1 binding to the iNOS promoter was increased in OPN null. Ex vivo studies with bone marrow macrophages were performed with MG132 (10 mM), an inhibitor of 26S proteasome function, and/or exogenous OPN (50 mM). Ub-P-Stat1 was decreased in OPN null bone marrow macrophages treated with LPS; iNOS was increased. Exogenous OPN or MG132 restored Ub-P-Stat1 and iNOS to levels seen in WT. Our results indicate that absence of OPN does the following: (1) increases iNOS and P-Stat1 protein, (2) decreases ubiquitination and degradation of P-Stat1, and (3) increases iNOS transcription. Conclusions. We conclude that OPN downregulates iNOS expression by accelerating ubiquitination and degradation of Stat1. (Surgery 2008;144:182-8.)
The Economics of Technology Adoption

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the economic theory, which determines the adoption of a new crop-growing technology by the private sector. These new technologies strive to create technical change that generates the largest increase in net revenue by lowering costs, increasing the amount of product per given amount of inputs, or by increasing the value of the product by increasing its quality. An innovation is useful only if commercial operators have a reason to change their existing practices to adopt a new technology. Typically, the new technology must provide increased financial returns to the adopter, such as lower input costs, increased yields, more valuable product, and less managerial effort. The creativity and skill embodied in the new technology is called intellectual property and in most countries, it is owned in some form by the inventor. In case of private-sector innovation, the adopter must compensate the owner of the innovation, for which sector innovator has several options for recouping development costs: a higher price for special seed, a specific technology fee, and mandatory sale of the output to the innovator. However, the private-sector innovator must set these fees so that some of the benefit of the new technology is transferred to the adopter. If a new technology makes a product taste better or has better nutritional properties, demand shifts out because the product is worth more to consumers. This type of technical change raises the income of producers and they sell more of the good and at a higher price.
Self‐Contained Handheld Magnetic Platform for Point of Care Cytometry in Biological Samples

Magnetic levitation is a powerful tool capable of distinguishing micrometer-scale particles based on their densities. When a particle is suspended in a paramagnetic medium and placed in a magnetic field formed by two permanent magnets with like poles facing each other, the particle will experience two forces—a magnetic force and a buoyant force. These forces cause a particle, such as a cell, which does not necessarily have magnetic properties, to levitate at a height inversely proportional to its density. Magnetic levitation has been shown to be useful for a range of applications, including disease diagnostics, material characterization, and quality control. Here, a portable, self-contained device fully independent from a dedicated microscope or smartphone is developed to levitate particles of interest, image them using an embedded low-cost optical system and a camera module, and process the captured images in order to estimate the densities of the particles. The device is user-friendly and inexpensive, offering a great potential for rapid, on-site sample analysis such as white blood cell cytometry.
Development of a 4π directional fast neutron detector using tensioned metastable fluids

The development of directional-position sensing neutron detector technologies has the potential to embody transformational impact on to the field of nuclear security and safeguards. Directional neutron detectors offer vastly superior background suppression enabling the detection of smaller quantities of special nuclear materials (SNM) at larger standoffs. Additionally, the ability to image the SNM neutron source directly would be particularly advantageous in active interrogation scenarios where one needs to discriminate interrogating neutrons from neutrons resulting from SNMs. A directional fast neutron detector utilizing the acoustic tensioned metastable fluid detector (ATMFD) system has been developed that is not only comparable in technical performance with competing directional fast neutron technologies but also offers a significant reduction in both cost and size while remaining completely insensitive to gamma photons and non-neutron cosmic background radiation. Past assessments by our group have shown that an ATMFD system (with a 6cm × 10cm cross-sectional area) would be capable of detecting a 8 kg Pu source at 25m standoff with a resolution of 11.2°, with 68% confidence within 60 s. While previous ATMFD system configurations were limited to determining angular resolution in 2π, a new ATMFD sensor system capable of ascertaining directionality in 4π fields is now presented. Characterization and validation of the AMTFD system in cylindrical and spherical geometries as developed includes Monte-Carlo based nuclear particle transport assessments using MCNP-PoliMi and multi-physics based assessments accounting for acoustic, structural, and electromagnetic coupling of the ATMFD system via COMSOL's multi-physics platform. A methodology based on geo-positioning-scheme (GPS) and a higher harmonic based scheme were successfully developed. The spherical (higher-harmonic) technology offers the tantalizing capability for rapid-fire (within tens of seconds) the direct visualization based directionality of incoming neutron radiation via line-of-sight tracks - effectively comprising multiple single detectors within the envelope of a single spherical ATMFD.
A Graph-Based Impact Metric for Mitigating Lateral Movement Cyber Attacks

Most cyber network attacks begin with an adversary gaining a foothold within the network and proceed with lateral movement until a desired goal is achieved. The mechanism by which lateral movement occurs varies but the basic signature of hopping between hosts by exploiting vulnerabilities is the same. Because of the nature of the vulnerabilities typically exploited, lateral movement is very difficult to detect and defend against. In this paper we define a dynamic reachability graph model of the network to discover possible paths that an adversary could take using different vulnerabilities, and how those paths evolve over time. We use this reachability graph to develop dynamic machine-level and network-level impact scores. Lateral movement mitigation strategies which make use of our impact scores are also discussed, and we detail an example using a freely available data set.
Differential sensitivity to estrogen-induced opsin expression in two poeciliid freshwater fish species.

Abstract The sensory system shapes an individual’s perception of the world, including social interactions with conspecifics, habitat selection, predator detection, and foraging behavior. Sensory signaling can be modulated by steroid hormones, making these processes particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbations. Here we examine the influence of exogenous estrogen manipulation on the visual physiology of female western mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) and sailfin mollies ( Poecilia latipinna ), two poeciliid species that inhabit freshwater environments across the southern United States. We conducted two experiments to address this aim. First, we exposed females from both species to a one-week dose response experiment with three treatments of waterborne β-estradiol. Next, we conducted a one-week estrogen manipulation experiment with a waterborne estrogen (β-Estradiol), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (tamoxifen), or combination estrogen and tamoxifen treatment. We used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to examine the expression of cone opsins (SWS1, SWS2b, SWS2a, Rh2, LWS), rhodopsin (Rh1), and steroid receptor genes (ARα, ARβ, ERα, ERβ2, GPER) in the eyes of individual females from each species. Results from the dose response experiment revealed estradiol-sensitivity in opsin (SWS2a, Rh2, Rh1) and androgen receptor (ARα, ARβ) gene expression in mosquitofish females, but not sailfins. Meanwhile, our estrogen receptor modulation experiments revealed estrogen sensitivity in LWS opsin expression in both species, along with sensitivity in SWS1, SWS2b, and Rh2 opsins in mosquitofish. Comparisons of control females across experiments reveal species-level differences in opsin expression, with mosquitofish retinas dominated by short-wavelength sensitive opsins (SWS2b) and sailfins retinas dominated by medium- and long-wavelength sensitive opsins (Rh2 and LWS). Our research suggests that variation in exogenous levels of sex hormones within freshwater environments can modify the visual physiology of fishes in a species-specific manner.
Temperature profiles and heat fluxes observed in molecular dynamics simulations of force-driven liquid flows

This paper concentrates on the unconventional temperature profiles and heat fluxes observed in non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of force-driven liquid flows in nano-channels. Using MD simulations of liquid argon flows in gold nano-channels, we investigate the manifestation of the first law of thermodynamics for the MD system, and compare it with that of the continuum fluid mechanics. While the energy equation for the continuum system results in heat conduction determined by viscous heating, the first law of thermodynamics in the MD system includes an additional slip-heating term. Interaction strength between argon and gold molecules is varied in order to investigate the effects of slip-velocity on the slip-heating term and the resulting temperature profiles. Heat fluxes and temperature profiles from "continuum", "continuum augmented with slip-heating", and "heat conduction due to the power input by the driving force" are modeled and compared with the MD results. The continuum model can neither predict the heat fluxes nor the temperature profiles from MD simulations. While the continuum model augmented with slip-heating matches the MD heat fluxes, the resulting temperature profiles do not agree with the MD predictions. Overall the analytical model based on "heat conduction due to power input by the driving force" matches the heat fluxes from MD simulations, while the temperature profiles match MD predictions using an effective thermal conductivity that is about 70% of the thermodynamic value. Using different liquid-wall pairs affects the slip velocity, temperature jump, and the resulting thermal conductivity of the fluid, but results in similar physical observations. The inability of the MD method in mimicking continuum fluid mechanics in energy transport for force-driven liquid flows is scale independent, and it is more likely a numerical artifact.
Quasi-analytical derivation of parallel-plate multipactor trajectories in the presence of higher-order mode perturbations

Numerical simulation of multipactor trajectories is frequently accomplished by calculating the force on a particle as a function of position and time, and employing a numerical differential equation solver to step the particle trajectory through time. In this work, a different approach using linear time-dependent system theory is employed, allowing an analytical treatment up until a final numerical integration step. An example is provided as a demonstration of consistency between the quasi-analytic results and the typical numerical differential equation approach.
Kalman particle filtering algorithm and its comparison to Kalman based linear unmixing

Spectral Unmixing is a challenging and absorbing problem. Unmixning allows us to break down a pixel's composition into its material components. Many avenues of spectral unmixing have been attempted with considerable success. One such avenue is to frame the spectral unmixing problem as an Estimation-Measurement problem and avail the use of the well-known Kalman Filter (KF) technique. Two such recent work has been the KF based Linear Unmixing (KFLU) approach and the KF approach for Hyperspectral Signature Estimation, Identification and Abundance Quantification (KFHSE/I/AQ). The above techniques aim to address the spectral unmixing and the spectral signature identification problems respectively. This work extends the above formulation by the use of the Particle Filter (PF) based filtering approach. The particle filter is a recent development in the KF framework. It addresses two major improvements over the KF. It enables use of nonlinearity in the estimation process and further allows fusion of multiple information sources. Additionally, by the use of distributed setup using particles, measurement errors are more efficiently reduced. The above enhancements are the primary motivation to create the proposed Kalman Particle Filter (KPF) in this paper. A major disadvantage in the use of Kalman Filter is the selection of the estimation matrix which can be efficiently resolved using the Kalman Particle Filter as described in this paper. Experiments performed using this new algorithm demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach as a better new tool to solve the spectral unmixing problem as compared to prior Kalman linear unmixing approach.
Perspectives on efficiency and quality in an ever changing system: Healthcare 2010.

The Healthcare 2010 conference at the Omni New Haven Hotel at Yale in April focused on how different stakeholders in the healthcare industry can excel in light of the recent landmark health-reform bill. A session titled “Maintaining Efficiency and Quality in an Ever Changing System” provided valuable insights into several perceptions of these two tenets, with respect to both the current state of U.S. healthcare and the recent reform. The engaging dialog that ensued concerning payer, provider, public, and patient perspectives yielded a unique view of the dynamic interplay between efficiency and quality in the context of the current healthcare system. While the discussion highlighted differences in the definitions of efficiency and quality upheld by the various players, a unifying theme emerged: In order to excel in this ever changing system, incentive structures will have to evolve to take full advantage of the potential synergies between the two.
A Dallas doctor who spoke truth to power: three perspectives.

(2012). A Dallas Doctor Who Spoke Truth to Power: Three Perspectives. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 254-264.
Delegation and Empowerment

This book shows you how to harness the energy and knowledge distributed among your school's stakeholders. It helps you identify opportunities for delegation and provides real life situations to illustrate the principles.
High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Design Based on Individual Insulated Conductors

The idea of insulating individual high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes was explored as a dielectric design to reduce the risk and complexity of HTS cable manufacturing. Applying insulation on individual HTS tapes is amenable to continuous manufacturing processes and opens up material choices for the insulation. In this study, heat shrink insulation was selected as the material choice for exploring the possibility of this design philosophy because of its commercial availability in multiple thicknesses. A systematic set of selection criteria was developed for the selection of appropriate heat shrink for given HTS tape dimensions. The cryogenic dielectric characteristics of insulated HTS tapes were evaluated both in liquid nitrogen and gaseous helium environments at 77 K. Dielectric characteristics of tapes with a single layer of thicker insulation were compared with those insulated using multiple layers of thinner insulation to evaluate the relative merits of each method. Several model power cables were fabricated using the PET insulated tapes, and their dielectric behavior was evaluated at 77 K in gaseous helium environment. The results suggest that the explored method is useful for HTS power cables operating at low voltages (<1,000 V) primarily due to the limitation on achieving thick insulation with high quality using heat shrink tubing. The suitable processes of insulating longer lengths of samples with additional dielectric benefits are discussed.
DREAMzone: Educating Counselors and Human Service Professionals Working with Undocumented Students

This article discusses the development and implementation of DREAMzone, an educational intervention designed to provide counselors and other human service professionals with awareness, knowledge, and skills for working with undocumented students. DREAMzone is driven by four learning objectives: (a) identify and deconstruct preconceptions of undocumented immigrants; (b) increase knowledge about laws and policies affecting the experiences of undocumented students; (c) engage in direct contact with undocumented students; and (d) acquire skills, practices, and resources for working with undocumented students. Program reflections are provided, including future directions for effectuating a systems level transformation within higher education.
Transformation and Integration of Microenvironment Microarray Data Improves Discovery of Latent Effects

Summary The immediate physical and bio-chemical surroundings of a cell, the cellular microenvironment, is an important component of many fundamental cell and tissue level processes and is implicated in many diseases and dysfunctions. Thus understanding the interaction of cells with their microenvironment can further both basic research and aid the discovery of therapeutic agents. To study perturbations of cellular microenvironments a novel image-based cell-profiling technology called the microenvironment microarray (MEMA) has been recently employed. In this paper we explore the effect of preprocessing transformations for MEMA data on the discovery of biological and technical latent effects. We find that Gaussianizing the data and carefully removing outliers can enhance discovery of important biological effects. In particular, these transformations help reveal a relationship between cell morphological features and the extra-cellular-matrix protein THBS1 in MCF10A breast tissue. More broadly, MEMAs are part of a recent and wide-spread adoption of image-based cell-profiling technologies in the quantification of phenotypic differences among cell populations (Caicedo et al., 2017). Thus we anticipate that the advantages of the proposed preprocessing transformations will likely also be realized in the analysis of data from other highly-multiplexed technologies like Cyclic Immunofluorescence. All code and supplementary analysis for this paper is available at gjhunt.github.io/rr.
White Light Fiber Optic Interferometry-A Technique for Monitoring Tissue Properties

Currently, no adequate non-invasive methods are available for in-situ analysis of laser-tissue interaction. This paper describes an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic laser procedure through in-situ monitoring of the optical tissue characteristics in a non-invasive manner. Biological tissue is a highly scattering medium. A proposed system uses a broadband (white-light) interferometer that addresses the signals obtained from different depths of the scattering medium. When the Michelson interferometer is illuminated by a broadband light source an interference signal can only be observed by a photodetector if and only if the two arms of the interferometer are identical in path length. In a scattering medium whereby the scattering optical signals are produced at different depths of the medium, the interference signal is produced by signal perturbed at a given depth. Thus the tissue may be scanned in depth by axial movement of the reference mirror. Identification of the local optical characteristics will provide discrimination between healthy and pathological conditions in addition to real time assessment of dosimetry.
Thermal Control of Metathesis Reactions Producing GaN and InN

The addition of lithium amide (LiNH2) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to metathesis (exchange) reactions between gallium triiodide (GaI3) and lithium nitride (Li3N) produces crystalline gallium nitride (GaN) in seconds at ambient pressure. A specially designed rate cell incorporating multiple thermocouples enables both the reaction velocity and temperatures to be measured. Without the additives, the GaI3/Li3N reaction propagates at >100 cm/s with a reaction temperature above 1300 K, which exceeds the 1150 K decomposition temperature of GaN. By adding an optimal ratio of LiNH2 and NH4Cl, the reaction velocity slows to about 3 cm/s with a reaction temperature near 1200 K. Rapid heat dissipation is found to be very important in these reactions in preventing the decomposition of GaN. By using a specially designed thermal dissipation cell, the yield of GaN can be increased up to 78.8%. Applying the concepts developed in the synthesis of GaN, crystalline InN has been synthesized for the first time using solid-sta...
Changing Votes, Changing Identities? Racial Fluidity and Vote Switching in the 2012-2016 US Presidential Elections

Although racial identity is usually assumed to be unchanging, recent research shows otherwise. The role of politics in racial identification change has received little attention. Using panel data with waves around two recent presidential elections, this paper reveals survey evidence of racial fluidity and its strong relationship with vote switching patterns. Across several models and robust to various controls, switching from a non-Republican vote in 2012 to a 2016 Republican vote (i.e., non-Romney to Trump) significantly predicts nonwhite to white race change. Among nonwhites who did not vote Republican in 2012, switching to a Republican vote in 2016 increases the probability of adopting a white racial identity from a 0.03 baseline to 0.49 (1539% increase). Individuals originally identifying as Mixed and Hispanic drive this identity-voting link. The systematic relationship is unlikely to be spurious or due to measurement error, does not appear for the 2008-2012 election period, and makes theoretical sense in light of 2016 campaign rhetoric and trends in political-social identity alignment.
Medical emergencies on a medium-sized urban university campus with collegiate-based EMS

Objective: This study aimed to identify the types and frequency of acute medical events at a university with a collegiate-based emergency medical services (CBEMS) agency. Participants: Patients who requested assistance from the studied CBEMS agency, which provides emergency medical services coverage at a medium-sized urban university. Methods: This retrospective chart review examined requests for emergency service from August 2010-July 2017. Data abstracted include the type of medical event, frequency, call times/dates, and locations of reported medical events. Results: The studied agency received an average 889.4 (SD +/-68.6 calls) per year with the most common falling under the categories of "Substance Abuse" (231.7 calls/year, SD +/-15.7) and "Minor Trauma" (207.1 calls/year, SD+/-37.8). Most requests for acute medical attention occurred between the hours of 1800-0600 on Fridays and Saturdays. Implications/Conclusions: These results suggest that universities can potentially predict patterns and prepare for the types of acute medical issues that occur on campus.
RMB Internationalization and Financing Belt-Road Initiative: An MMT Perspective

The Belt Road Initiative (BRI) is a global development plan that sets out to invest trillions of dollars in infrastructure within the coming decade in over 60 countries. Financing the BRI has come ...
The power of reforming streets to boost access for human-scaled vehicles

Abstract This commentary argues for strategies to rapidly increase access by small, human-scaled modes in cities through changes to street designs. Such rapid transformations are necessary as part of responses to critical environmental, economic and public health challenges cities face. We explain that even though coordinated transport and land use planning is desirable, the built environment is mature and slow to change, while streets can and have changed in character and use frequently. This suggests that access to employment, amenities and services should be dramatically increased through reoriented street space toward human-scaled transport modes which will improve safety, reduce pollution, and save households and governments money. We then articulate the prospects of a new generation of accessibility research based on network evolution.
Integrating Culturally Competent Advance Care Planning for Korean Immigrants: An Integrative Review.

Aims:This review aims to explore the extant literature on the current utilization of ACP in Kisin order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of their health disparities and to determineevidence-...