cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spherical shell of ENG metamaterial surrounding a dipole antenna

We present an exact analytical solution for the radiation impedance of an infinitesimal dipole surrounded by a thin spherical shell of epsilon negative material (ENG). The negative epsilon leads to a non-Foster reactance in the equivalent circuit and a much broader impedance bandwidth than would be expected from the Q of the antenna. When dispersion is considered, the non-Foster reactance disappears and the Q reverts back to the value based on the ratio of stored energy to radiated power. The analysis shows that a thin shell of ENG material provides no significant improvement in the performance of the dipole antenna.
Diverse Turtle Fauna from the Late Eocene of Georgia Including the Oldest Records of Aquatic Testudinoids in Southeastern North America

The Late Eocene (Chadronian NALMA) Hardie Mine local fauna of the Clinchfield Formation in Wilkinson County, Georgia, preserves the most diverse turtle fauna in the Eocene of southeastern North America. This fauna includes at least five taxa including a dermochelyid, a cheloniid, a trionychid, a testudinoid, and an unidentified cryptodire. Chelonioids and trionychids are the most common turtles in this near-shore marine deposit. The aquatic testudinoids from the Hardie Mine site represent the oldest records from southeastern North America, a region that exhibits a high diversity of extant aquatic testudinoids.
In Vivo Cardiac Pressure and Heart Rate, and Heart Mass, of Busycon Canaliculatum (L.)

In vivo cardiac pressure and heart rate, and relative heart mass, have been measured in Busycon canaliculatum . Base pressure was about l.3cmH2O above ambient and effectively the same in the ventricle, atrium, pericardium and veins. Ventricular systolic pressures were very variable. Highest pressure was over 80cmH2O, but sustained levels were lower, up to about 40cmH2O. Heart rate was also very variable, 5–15 beats min−1. Heart mass was about 0.19% of body mass. Cardiac refilling, control and power output are discussed.
Integrating Transdisciplinarity in Undergraduate Education

This study is aimed at a wide audience of students in capstone design classes that cut across multiple fields. In keeping with the dynamic nature of complex problem solving, modern teaching curricula must be designed in ways that help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills in both core subjects and new technology-driven content. This paper presents a new methodology in engineering education that is focused on teaching students transdisciplinary skills thereby allowing them to become creative and innovative engineers. This paper also presents an alternative to conventional textbooks in the form of a free, internet-textbook (iTextBook) comprising transdisciplinary learning modules that cut across multiple disciplines. Main objectives of this paper are: to reduce the educational cost burden on students, parents, states, and governments, thus helping society; and to teach students innovation skills, educating them broadly and preparing them for an increasingly transdisciplinary, collaborative, and global job market.
The Metabolism of Transferrin-bound 111In and 59Fe in the Rat

The metabolism of transferrin-bound indium and iron were compared by in vivo studies in the rat. Rats were injected with serum transferrin labeled with 111 In and 59 Fe, and, at intervals ranging from 20 min to 5 days after injection, they were killed. They were perfused through the portal vein with 200 ml of 0.9% saline, and the residual radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of the injected dose, was measured in liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, washed red cells, red marrow, and femur. At 5 days, 76% of the injected 59 Fe was recovered in the red cell mass; only 1%-2% of 111 In could then be recovered. Uptake and release of the 111 In label by the femur was markedly less than that of the 59 Fe. Whereas 85% of the injected 59 Fe could be recovered from the circulating red cells, liver, and spleen, only about 15% of the injected 111 In could be so recovered. Approximately 35% of the injected 111 In was excreted, and 43% was recoverable from the carcass. The subcellular distribution of the two isotopes in the liver at timed intervals following intravenous injection was studied. While 35% of the 59 Fe activity in the homogenate was associated with ferritin, only 4% of the 111 In could be so identified. The results indicate a significant difference between the metabolism of 111 In and 59 Fe in the rat and make it unlikely that the metabolism of In in man bears much similarity to that of iron.
The Prevalence of High-Riding Jugular Bulb in Patients with Suspected Endolymphatic Hydrops.

Background To determine the prevalence of a high-riding jugular bulb (HRJB) in the endolymphatic hydrops population. Methods This was a retrospective chart and radiology review of patients seen at a tertiary care medical center. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, code 386.xx (Meniere disease-unspecified), and were required to have undergone an imaging study that included views of the jugular bulb that were available for review. A radiologist then evaluated all of the imaging studies for evidence of HRJB or inner ear dehiscence with a jugular bulb abnormality. Results The prevalence of a HRJB in all endolymphatic hydrops patients was 9.0% (7 of 78), and it was 4.5% (7 of 156) in all ears. The prevalence of HRJB ipsilateral to an ear with endolymphatic hydrops was 4.6% (4 of 88 ears); it was 4.4% (3 of 68 ears) in ears without endolymphatic hydrops. The incidence of inner ear dehiscence with a HRJB was 1.3% (1 of 78). Electrocochleography results were not correlated with jugular bulb volume. Discussion The results of this study indicate that a small subset of patients treated for endolymphatic hydrops patients have a HRJB. Overall, these results suggest that HRJB does not play a major role in endolymphatic hydrops, although it may play a role in a few isolated patients.
Dialysis and Renal Transplantation in Infants With Irreversible Renal Failure

Historically, infants with irreversible renal failure fared poorly, and aggressive medical intervention was considered futile. Although the care of this population clearly remains a challenge, technical advances and clinical experience have now made dialysis and transplantation reasonable and successful therapeutic options. This report provides a discussion of practical guidelines and patient care issues particular to the infant with end-stage renal disease. Topics addressed include nutritional requirements, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and the possible contribution of alterations of the immune system to patient morbidity. Specific technical considerations for the performance of peritoneal dialvsis. hemodialvsis, and transplantation in the very small infant are also presented.
Domestic Violence in Mexico: Perspectives of Mexican Counselors

Drawing on professional experiences of Mexican counselors, we examined the lives of women who experienced domestic violence from the perspective of those counselors working most closely with them. ...
Pathobiology of Ischemic Heart Disease: Past, Present and Future

This review provides a perspective on knowledge of ischemic heart disease (IHD) obtained from the contemporary era of research which began in the 1960s and has continued to the present day. Important discoveries have been made by basic and translational scientists and clinicians. Pathologists have contributed significantly to insights obtained from experimental studies and clinicopathological studies in humans. The review also provides a perspective for future directions in research in IHD aimed at increasing basic knowledge and developing additional therapeutic options for patients with IHD.
Data parallelism

Data locality is one of the most important factors which dictate application efficiency on multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) parallel computers. Given the architecture of a microprocessor and distributed memory, the nonuniform memory access aspects of these machines are becoming more and more of an issue. The approach of letting the locality of the data determine the processor on which work is done has shown significant promise. >
Sexuality, Menopausal Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Premenopausal Women in the First Year Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe sexuality, menopausal symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in premenopausal women in the first year following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) . DESIGN One-year prospective longitudinal study. SETTING Stanford University Medical Center in California. . SAMPLE 63 premenopausal female recipients of HCT with a mean age of 34.5 years. METHODS Three instruments were used. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Sexuality, menopausal symptoms, and QOL . FINDINGS At one year post-HCT, women reported absent to low desire and arousal, adequate lubrication less than half of the time, absent or rare orgasm, pain during vaginal penetration more than half the time, and dissatisfaction with overall sex life. Women also reported moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, and sweating. Twenty-one women were avoiding sexual activity, and 25 women were not sexually active. Mean QOL scores significantly increased (p = 0.028) in the first year, signifying an improvement in QOL. Variables predictive of improved QOL at one year post-HCT include decreased psychosocial and physical symptoms, sexual satisfaction, and pre-HCT QOL score . CONCLUSIONS One year post-HCT, women reported sexual dysfunction, sexual dissatisfaction, and menopausal symptoms, which negatively affect QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses and other healthcare providers working with recipients of HCT can provide anticipatory guidance on potential changes in sexuality and menopausal symptoms to facilitate adaptation by reducing discordance between expectations and new realities .
THE INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS-I DESIGN OF THE STUDY

Abstract A sampling of 49 family clusters consisting of a key person with arthritis, his spouse, a sibling and the sibling's spouse, 2 cousins and an unrelated individual have been interviewed 3 times with regard to their arthritis and a variety of social and psychological factors. The sample has been drawn in part from a national random sample and in part from an arthritis clinic. The two subsamples have been found sufficiently homogeneous for combination and some of the strengths and limitations of the design have been discussed.
Staging republic and commerce in Massinger and Fletcher’s Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt

While Massinger and Fletcher’s The Tragedy of Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt (1619) first performed almost immediately following the execution of the titular Dutch statesman, has often been treated as a document of Jacobean censorship, this essay examines the play as an analysis of the relationship between monarchy, mercantilism and the spectre of republicanism in the Low Countries, and implicitly England. The conflict between monarchical and republican government is not only dramatized through the rivalry between the Dutch political figures Maurice of Nassau and Barnavelt but represented in economic terms, as social bonds based on market exchange undermine power structures based on inherited social rank.
Encouraging Parental Trust and Honesty to Promote Food Security for All Children.

I commend the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for its policy statement encouraging pediatricians to work toward reducing food insecurity. As the statement notes, food insecurity carries serious implications for health and well-being, and pediatricians are well-positioned to address this critical issue. I share the AAP’s commitment to identifying families experiencing food insecurity and connecting them to community resources. Doing so can make an important difference for children and families. However, to benefit from a conversation with and referrals from pediatricians, … E-mail: kelleytyfong{at}fas.harvard.edu
PHYLOGENY OF THE FALCONIDAE INFERRED FROM MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL DATA

Molecular data and variation in syringeal morphology were used to infer a phylogeny for the family Falconidae and to address three issues currently of interest in sys- tematics: (1) the treatment of multiple data sets in phylogenetic analysis, (2) a priori analysis and differential weighting of molecular data, and (3) the reliability of molecular versus mor- phological data in phylogenetic analysis. Problems in recovering phylogenetic signal caused by rapidly changing sites in the molecular data were not solved by combining data sets. Differentially weighting saturated partitions of the sequence data, prior to phylogenetic analysis, provided a phylogeny congruent with morphological analysis. Molecular data pro- vide substantially more informative characters than morphological data. However, morpho- logical data provide a higher proportion of unreversed synapomorphies. A reclassification of the family based on the phylogeny results in two subfamilies: (1) the Herpetotherinae, (forest-falcons (Micrastur) and Laughing Falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans)); and (2) the Fal- coninae, which includes the tribes Falconini (Spot-winged Falconet (Spiziapteryx circumcinc- tus), pygmy-falcons (Polihierax), falconets (Microhierax), and the genus Falco) and Caracarini (caracaras). The phylogeny also indicates that two genera, Daptrius and Polihierax, are poly- phyletic, and these two are split. Finally, a biogeographic hypothesis derived from the phy- logeny implies that the origin and early diversification of the family occurred in South Amer-
Diversity in Death: Body Disposition and Memorialization

The place and method of final disposition of dead human remains is important to many individuals. Traditionally, earth burials have been the most common way of disposing of dead human remains in the United States. Cremation, however, is growing rapidly in popularity, perhaps suggesting that the whole body for the resurrection is losing significance. With cremation, the place of final disposition of the body loses some of its significance. This article will explore the numerous options available today in the United States to dispose of dead human remains and to memorialize the dead. Data analysis will be from media sources and the Internet. Among recent “trends” in body disposition are numerous cremation options, varied casket choices, theme funerals, environmentally-correct disposition, and cemetery options. Other recent occurrences related to death include roadside memorials, automobile memorializations, and the changes brought on by the internet. Some of the questions addressed for the above shifts in t...
Issues related to basic research on uterine and ovarian tumor pathology

目前,妇科肿瘤病理学无论在诊断病理还是在基础研究方面,均取得了许多令人瞩目的成就,国内的研究也紧跟国际步伐,在推广WHO女性生殖系统肿瘤分类及诊断标准、分子生物学研究进展和各种治疗手段研究等方面都做出了努力,国内学者并发表了诸多高质量的研究论文.
Comparative and Non-comparative Concepts of Health

Although Christopher Boorse relies in part on distributional facts to distinguish health from pathology, his account rests on comparisons of the functional efficiency of parts and processes. It is thus ironic that in defending a comparative view of health (whereby “healthy” is defined in terms of “healthier than”, as “tall” is defined in terms of “taller then”), Andrew Schroeder criticizes Boorse for defending a non-comparative view. Schroeder’s critique cannot be easily dismissed, because a comparative view of the functional efficiency of parts such as Boorse’s, is consistent with a non-comparative view of overall health. This essay draws some conclusions concerning both how to interpret Boorse’s view and whether a comparative view of health is, as Schroeder argues, superior to a non-comparative view.
An Investigation Into 6-Fold Symmetry in Martensitic Steels

Austenite grains that have undergone a martensitic transformation are typically composed of 24 variants that can be categorized by their Bain axis of transformation. There are 3 〈001〉 axes for Bain transformations, therefore the (001) pole figure of a prior austenite grain displays 3-fold symmetry. However, we observed superficially similar prior austenite grains containing 6-fold symmetry in the (001) pole figure. This paper introduces evidence of this 6-fold symmetry and explores the crystallographic origins.
Health care provider perspectives on tuberculosis care for foreign-born populations in New York City

Background Tuberculosis (TB) in foreign-born patients is a key determinant of TB epidemiology in low-burden settings. In New York City (NYC), foreign-born TB populations are heterogeneous and face diverse challenges in accessing care. Objective To characterize barriers and facilitators to health care services and identify potential mechanisms to improve TB care for foreign-born patients in NYC. Design Semi-structured interviews with health care providers identified through the NYC TB registry and snowball sampling. Transcripts were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results Fourteen providers from private practice (21%), community clinic (36%), and hospitals (43%) were interviewed. Barriers clustered into thematic areas: interrelated social and economic issues that impact TB care and treatment (documentation status, poverty, mental/behavioral health issues), challenges of fragmented health system (care continuity, costs), latent tuberculous infection, and relative lack of resources and significant barriers for clinic and private practice providers. Health care providers' deep commitment to foreign-born TB patients was evidenced by their attitudes and actions. Conclusion Improving access to TB care for foreign-born patients in NYC requires strategies that address specific social, economic and structural barriers. Improving linkages between private providers and public health initiatives is a key challenge. Health care providers' commitment to foreign-born communities is a significant resource.
Calciprotein particles as potential etiologic agents of idiopathic preterm birth

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is often preceded by preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) without an identifiable cause. Pathological calcification, the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) in nonskeletal tissues, has been implicated in degenerative diseases including atherosclerosis and aneurism rupture. Among pathogenic mechanisms, the aberrant aggregation of HA into calciprotein particles (CPPs) and the HA-induced differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts (ectopic osteogenesis) have been implicated. We explored the hypothesis that CPPs form in human amniotic fluid (AF), deposit in fetal membranes, and are linked mechanistically to pathogenic pathways favoring PTB. We demonstrated that fetal membranes from women with idiopathic PPROM frequently show evidence of ectopic calcification and expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. Concentrations of fetuin-A, an endogenous inhibitor of ectopic calcification, were decreased in AF of idiopathic PPROM cases, which reflected their reduced functional capacity to inhibit calcification. Using long-term cultures of sterile AF, we demonstrated coaggregation of HA with endogenous proteins, including fetuin-A. The fetuin-HA aggregates exhibited progressive growth in vitro in a pattern similar to CPPs. When applied to amniochorion explants, AF-derived CPPs induced structural and functional pathological effects recapitulating those noted for PPROM. Our results demonstrate that disruption of protein-mineral homeostasis in AF stimulates the formation and deposition of CPPs, which may represent etiologic agents of idiopathic PPROM. Therapeutic or dietary interventions aimed at maintaining the balance between endogenous HA formation and fetuin reserve in pregnant women may therefore have a role in preventing PTB.
NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE | Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction

Processes that target the neuromuscular junction may result in clinical syndromes characterized by muscle weakness. Among these disorders, the most common is myasthenia gravis (MG), an acquired, autoimmune disease in which the acetylcholine receptor is targeted in the majority of affected patients. The underlying cause of MG, however, remains unknown. Fluctuating muscle weakness is the hallmark feature of MG. Ocular, facial, oropharyngeal, axial and limb muscles may be differentially involved, leading to a variety of clinical presentations. Ventialtory support may be required for up to 20% of patients who develop respiratory insufficiency due to inspiratory muscle weakness and/or inability to maintain a patent upper airway. MG must be distinguished from a number of other disorders including, the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, botulism, and non-immune genetic congenital myasthenic syndromes. In addition to several general measures, a number of treatments are available for MG with differing onsets, peaks and durations of effects.
Optimal Control System for Propulsion Unit With Controllable Pitch Propeller

Abstract The paper presents the optimal control system of a propulsion unit with a CPP. A method of mathematical description of a propulsion unit operation has been given. The results of measurements carrid out on the ship with prototype of the optimal control system has been discussed.
Distinct PKA regulatory subunits mediate PGE2 inhibition of TGFβ-1-stimulated collagen I translation and myofibroblast differentiation.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), via cAMP signaling, inhibits a variety of fibroblast functions relevant to fibrogenesis. Among these are their translation of collagen I protein and their differentiation t...
Randomized controlled trial of increasing physical activity on objectively measured and self-reported cognitive functioning among breast cancer survivors: The memory & motion study

BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity can improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired adults; however, the benefits for cancer survivors are unknown. The current study examined a 12-week physical activity intervention, compared with a control condition, on objective and self-reported cognition among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Sedentary breast cancer survivors were randomized to an exercise arm (n = 43) or a control arm (n = 44). At baseline and at 12 weeks, objective cognition was measured with the National Institutes of Health Cognitive Toolbox, and self-reported cognition using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales. Linear mixed-effects regression models tested intervention effects for changes in cognition scores. RESULTS On average, participants (n = 87) were aged 57 years (standard deviation, 10.4 years) and were 2.5 years (standard deviation, 1.3 years) post surgery. Scores on the Oral Symbol Digit subscale (a measure of processing speed) evidenced differential improvement in the exercise arm versus the control arm (b = 2.01; P 2 years postsurgery (b = −1.19; P = .40). A significant dose response was observed with greater increased physical activity associated with objective and self-reported cognition in the exercise arm. CONCLUSIONS The exercise intervention significantly improved processing speed, but only among those who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 2 years. Slowed processing speed can have substantial implications for independent functioning, supporting the potential importance of early implementation of an exercise intervention among patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Inventory Control Systems for Small Business

Inventory control is one of the problems that bother small business managers. This paper discusses inventory control systems, including reorder points and order quantities, that are suitable for th...
Application of artificial neural networks in design of lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Simulation-based battery design encounters the difficulty of high computational cost. This paper presents a systematic approach based on the artificial neural network to reduce the computational burden of battery design by several orders-of-magnitude. Two neural networks are constructed using the finite element simulation results from a thermo-electrochemical model. The first neural network serves as a classifier to predict whether a set of input variables is physically feasible. The second neural network yields specific energy and specific power. Both neural networks are validated using extra finite element simulations out of the training data. With a global sensitivity analysis using the neural network, we quantify the effect of input variables on specific energy and specific power by evaluating large combinations of input variables, which is computationally prohibitive for finite element simulations. Among all parameters, the applied C-rate has the largest influence on specific power, while the electrode thickness and porosity are the dominant factors affecting specific energy. Based on this finding, we generate a design map that fulfills the requirements of both specific energy and specific power. Inparticular, we highlight the value of neural network in handling the non-linear, complex and computationally expensive problem of battery design and optimization.
Nurse-Led Interventions for Hypertension: A Scoping Review With Implications for Evidence-Based Practice

BACKGROUND Hypertension is the leading preventable contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, affecting 1 billion people globally. Low- and middle-income countries have increasing rates of hypertension, much of it undiagnosed. AIMS The purpose of the project is to review studies of nurse-led hypertension interventions that have been implemented in East Africa and to inform hypertension interventions in low-resource settings. METHODS A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) format. An electronic search in six databases for citations was conducted by the medical librarian author. The parameters for this scoping review were nurse interventions related to hypertension in East Africa. RESULTS Fourteen full-text articles were identified that met inclusion criteria. Nurse-led interventions for hypertension were found to increase access to care and be cost- effective. Medication Adherence Clubs were an innovative intervention that increased the retention of patients in care. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION This scoping review provides evidence from studies of nurse-led hypertension interventions in East Africa relevant to implementing or improving hypertension screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Nurses provide 80% of health care in East Africa, and nurse-led hypertension interventions are critically needed to ameliorate the significant hypertension-related increases in morbidity and mortality globally.
Social Insurance in Market Contexts: Implications of the Structure of Workers’ Compensation for Job Safety and Wages

Social insurance programs whose costs are tied to particular behaviors represent more than simple income transfers between members of the economy. In the case of job safety insurance programs such as workers’ compensation, in which the costs of the program are tied to the firm’s safety records, the market incentives for safety that are created by the insurance program can be quite strong. At the same time, when those programs benefit injured workers, they simultaneously provide disincentives for safety and incentives for workers to extend periods of recovery and to file more claims.
MRI UTE-T2* shows high incidence of cartilage subsurface matrix changes 2 years after ACL reconstruction.

Alteration of deep cartilage matrix has been observed following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, evidenced by elevated MRI UTE-T2* values measured in small, 2-D cartilage regions of interest. This Level I diagnostic study seeks to more thoroughly evaluate deep cartilage matrix changes to medial tibiofemoral UTE-T2* maps 2 years after ACL reconstruction and examine the relative utilities of 3-D compared to 2-D assessments of cartilage UTE-T2* maps. Thirty-eight ACL-reconstructed and 20 uninjured subjects underwent MRI UTE-T2* mapping. "Small" single mid-sagittal 2-D and larger 3-D "tread mark" regions of interest were manually segmented and found to be correlated in medial cartilage (r > 0.58, p 0.46). Quantitative comparisons show 14/38 (37%) ACL-reconstructed subjects have values >2 standard deviations higher than uninjured controls. Among a subset of ACL-reconstructed subjects with no morphologic MRI evidence of medial tibiofemoral cartilage or meniscal pathology (n = 12), elevated UTE-T2* values in "small" 2-D femoral (p = 0.011), but not larger 3-D tread mark regions of interest (p > 0.13), were observed. These data show the utility of 2-D UTE-T2* assessments of mid-sagittal weight-bearing regions of medial femoral cartilage for identifying subclinical deep cartilage matrix changes 2 years after ACLR. Clinical Significance: Mid-sagittal single slice 2-D UTE-T2* mapping may be an efficient means to assess medial femoral cartilage for subsurface matrix changes early after ACL reconstruction while 3-D assessments provide additional sensitivity to changes in the medial tibial plateau. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:370-377, 2019.
OR40 Integrative analysis of HLA NGS genotyping data and single antigen bead assays for mapping serologic epitopes

Aim Defining HLA serologic epitopes contributing to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a key to untangle the molecular mechanisms of epitope recognition. We proposed a reverse engineering strategy to define new epitopes from the protein sequences of transplant recipients sharing the same donor specific antibody, and developed a set of tools implementing the idea. Methods The hypothesis is that amino acid (AA) polymorphisms shared between the recipient and the donor will not be immunogenic and therefore cannot lead to the generation of antibodies. Without other assumptions, we developed a program which: 1. retrieves all AA triplets of the recipient by sliding a window of size three with a step of size one starting from the first AA on the full AA sequences of all the alleles, 2. reads the AA sequences of the donor with a sliding window in the same manner and outputs the allele, the position, and the triplet itself whenever an AA triplet is not in the triplet set of the recipient. We call the results unbiased donor specific AA triplets because we do not restrict the comparison within the same class nor to just the mature protein. We also developed web-based functions in the 17th IHIWS database to collect the unbiased triplets so that we could group the transplant pairs with the same DSAs and find shared unbiased triplets within the groups as potential epitopes. Please see the figure for an illustration. Results To verify the strategy, we collected the NGS HLA typing combined with the donor specific antibodies identified by Luminex® IgG and Bio-C1q SAB for 206 renal and 133 cardiac transplant recipients with AMR from nine labs. We ran the program and imported the results into the 17th IHIWS database, further mapping the epitopes onto the 3D protein structure for reference. Conclusions We proposed and verified an unbiased reverse engineering strategy to define new serologic epitopes.
Involving Youth With a Chronic Illness in Decision-making: Highlighting the Role of Providers

Decision-making is important in the context of pediatric chronic illness because children and families need to make decisions about burdensome and complex treatments on a regular basis, and children must eventually learn how to make such decisions independently. Research related to children's decision-making in medical settings has been focused primarily on cognitive aspects of decision-making, such as understanding and capacity. The concept of decision-making involvement (DMI) recognizes that children can be involved in decision-making in multiple ways, regardless of capacity, and that parents and health care providers play a critical role in supporting children as they learn to make decisions on their own. Providers can facilitate DMI during medical encounters by asking for the children's opinions and concerns, encouraging turn-taking, soliciting questions, asking for information directly from the children, and checking that the children understand what has been said. Efforts to involve children send the message that the youth perspective is important and set the expectation for increased participation over time. Providers can also support parent-child decision-making about illness management at home by guiding parents as to how best to involve children in decisions about illness management, identifying areas in which more or less parental guidance and support are needed, and assisting youth in planning ahead for decision-making about illness management in high-risk situations. Additional research is needed to identify why children's DMI in medical settings remains low, develop and evaluate strategies to enhance DMI, and test the effects of DMI on health-related behaviors and outcomes over time.
Conducting Research With Older Adults With Vision Impairment: Lessons Learned and Recommended Best Practices.

Older adults are underrepresented in research, and a potential barrier to their participation may be the increasing prevalence of vision loss and lack of accommodation for this challenge. Although ...
Risk Factors for Fast Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma.

Purpose To identify baseline and longitudinal risk factors for fast visual field (VF) decay in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Patients with open-angle glaucoma with ≥6 VFs and ≥4 years of follow-up were included. VF decay rates were measured with the following methods: mean deviation (MD) rate, VF index (VFI) rate, and the Glaucoma Rate Index (GRI). The relationship between VF rates and clinical variables were investigated with linear mixed models. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were associated with fast progression. Results A total of 1317 eyes of 745 patients with a mean (± SD) age of 63.3 (±10.9) years and a median (interquartile range) MD −2.4 (−0.7 to −5.6) dB at baseline were analyzed. The median (interquartile range) number of VFs was 12 (9 to 16), and mean follow-up duration was 11.5 (±3.7) years. Older age (P Conclusion In this cohort, older age, peak IOP, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, and baseline MD were associated with the rate of glaucomatous VF worsening. Fast progressors had a higher peak IOP than non–fast progressors. The identification and appropriately aggressive treatment of fast progressors would reduce visual disability from glaucoma.
Individual Coping Strategies Are Associated with Patient-Reported Satisfaction upon Completion of Rehabilitation following Sports-Related Knee Surgery.

We sought to determine whether individual coping strategies and optimism are associated with satisfaction after sports-related knee surgery at the time of rehabilitation completion and whether the association between coping strategies/optimism and satisfaction varies by surgical procedure or length of rehabilitation. A total of 104 recreational and competitive athletes who underwent knee surgery completed preoperative assessments for intrinsic optimism using the revised Life Orientation Test and coping strategies using the brief Coping Orientations to the Problem Experience inventory. Postoperative assessments at completion of rehabilitation (mean: 5.5-month follow-up.; maximum: 15 months) included satisfaction with surgery, return to prior level of sport, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC-S) symptom scores. Eighty-one percent were satisfied after completion of rehabilitation with a 68% return to prior level of sport. Irrespective of surgical procedure or length of rehabilitation (p > 0.25, all comparisons), greater reliance on others for emotional support as a coping mechanism increased risk of dissatisfaction after surgery (per point: odds ratio [OR]: 1.75; confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.92; p = 0.01), whereas greater use of positive reframing as a coping mechanism was protective (per point: OR: 0.43; CI: 0.21–0.82; p = 0.009). Intrinsic optimism was not predictive of postoperative satisfaction (p = 0.71). Satisfied patients had mean 13.5 points higher IKDC-S scores at follow-up than unsatisfied patients (p = 0.001). Patients who returned to prior level of sport had significantly higher satisfaction scores than patients who had not. Irrespective of surgical procedure or length of rehabilitation, use of positive reframing and reliance on others for emotional support are positive and negative predictors, respectively, of satisfaction after sports-related knee surgery. Preoperative optimism is not predictive of postoperative satisfaction.
Optimal trajectories of brain state transitions

The complexity of neural dynamics stems in part from the complexity of the underlying anatomy. Yet how white matter structure constrains how the brain transitions from one cognitive state to another remains unknown. Here we address this question by drawing on recent advances in network control theory to model the underlying mechanisms of brain state transitions as elicited by the collective control of region sets. We find that previously identified attention and executive control systems are poised to affect a broad array of state transitions that cannot easily be classified by traditional engineering-based notions of control. This theoretical versatility comes with a vulnerability to injury. In patients with mild traumatic brain injury, we observe a loss of specificity in putative control processes, suggesting greater susceptibility to neurophysiological noise. These results offer fundamental insights into the mechanisms driving brain state transitions in healthy cognition and their alteration following injury.
Sources and Style in Moore’s Irish Melodies / The Gothic Novel in Ireland, c. 1760–1829

Thomas Moore’s Irish Melodies (1808–34) had a profound, lasting, and far-reaching influence on the literary, musical, and political culture of Ireland and Britain and achieved worldwide popularity....
Climate-Driven Shifts in Marine Species Ranges: Scaling from Organisms to Communities.

The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions and trailing range edges often contracting ...
Kalman-Based Real-Time Functional Decomposition for the Spectral Calibration in Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography

This paper presents a real-time functional decomposition adaptive algorithm for the optimal sampling of the interferometric signal in Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography imaging systems, which completely eliminates the input signal dependent nonlinearities that are problematic in current state-of-the-art OCT realizations that use interpolation and resampling. The proposed adaptive calibration algorithm uses the Kalman approach to estimate the wavenumber index parameter $k$ from the Mach-Zender Interferometer signal which is then applied to an adaptive level crossing sampler to generate a sampling clock that $k$ -linearizes the data on real-time during the sampling process. Such a system implements an artifact-free realization of the technology removing the need for classical interpolation and resampling. The new real-time linearization scheme has the additional capability of increasing the imaging acquisition speed by 10X while providing robustness to noise, properties that are demonstrated through mathematical analysis and simulation results throughout the paper.
Managing Complex Peripheral Nerve Injuries Within the Military Health System: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment, Education, and Research at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.

Introduction Peripheral nerve injuries are a leading cause of disability within the Military Health System (MHS) patient population. Many peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are amenable to therapeutic intervention but require a timely diagnosis and prompt referral to a specialty center capable of intervention, as functional outcomes are directly related to the duration between injury and intervention. Even when appropriately identified, PNI management in the MHS is often challenged by the lack of an established pathway for care coordination and a limited awareness of available diagnostic and therapeutic resources. To address these potential shortcomings, the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Peripheral Nerve Program (WRNMMC PNP) in Bethesda, MD, has been established to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary care to peripheral nerve-injured patients across the MHS. Additionally, the WRNMMC PNP provides graduate medical education training in PNI management for multiple residency and fellowship programs, and it facilitates critical peripheral nerve research to advance knowledge within the field. Materials and methods A retrospective review of all patients evaluated by the WRNMMC PNP between December 2015 and April 2019 was conducted in order to identify pertinent patient demographic information, referral patterns, and PNI etiology data. Results The WRNMMC PNP evaluated 356 patients consisting of active duty, dependents, retirees, and Veterans Affairs patients during the designated study period. These patients were referred by providers from more than nine different specialties from 78 commands across eight countries. The majority of these patients (222 patients) were referred for traumatic PNI. The WRNMMC PNP has also evaluated and treated patients with PNIs stemming from congenital and compressive etiologies. One hundred and one patients referred during this period were treated with surgery, while the remainder were managed through nonoperative means. Conclusions The WRNMMC PNP facilitates comprehensive, patient-centered care for PNI patients within the MHS. Moreover, the program helps to prepare the next generation of providers for evaluating and treating PNI patients through its involvement with graduate medical education training. It also conducts critical peripheral nerve research and lays the foundation for collaborations with other institutions involved with peripheral nerve research. In the years ahead, the WRNMMC PNP aims to expand its outreach and capabilities within the MHS through more expansive use of telemedicine consultation and the establishment of satellite peripheral nerve clinic sites.
Education Spending, Fertility Shocks and Generational Consumption Risk

This paper develops a model with overlapping generations to show that human capital formation can potentially attenuate factor price movements in response to fertility shocks if education spending per child is inversely related to the size of the generation subject to the fertility shock. The degree of attenuation depends on the effectiveness of education spending in producing human capital. We also find this attenuation effect concentrates generational consumption risk around the generation subject to the fertility shock. The combination of these two results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between the degree of factor price movements and lifetime consumption profiles in response to fertility shocks. Relatively larger generations will experience larger drops in lifetime consumption and relatively smaller generations will experience larger increases in lifetime consumption the less factor prices move in response to generational size. Thus, factor price smoothing does not necessarily translate into welfare smoothing across all generations.
From Decades to Minutes: Steps Toward the Structure of Strychnine 1910-1948 and the Application of Today's Technology.

Between 1910 and 1947, Robert Robinson (primarily), among others, published numerous proposed structures for strychnine. Robinson published 17 of his strychnine papers with his doctoral advisor William Henry Perkin, Jr., though all but two appeared after Robinson had taken his first permanent academic position. This Essay analyzes 20 key publications leading up to Robinson's (correct, then incorrect, then correct again though not definitively) proposal and Woodward's assignment of the actual structure of strychnine. We subjected the assignment of the strychnine structure to a modern computational quantum chemistry workflow. By computing, with density functional theory, 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts for the literature-proposed strychnine structures, we were able to rule out most incorrect structures. 13 C NMR predictions were better at this, but 1 H NMR chemical shifts were helpful. A comparison is made between the consequences of publishing erroneous ideas in the first half of the 20th century and doing so in the 21st century.
Introduction to Privacy-Preserving Data Collection and Sharing Methods for Global Health Research

In global health and epidemiological research, collecting and sharing data for sensitive topics, such as income, age, sex partners, drug use, HIV infection, stigma, and religion, has been a long-standing challenge. In this chapter, we introduce a range of methods for privacy-preserving data collection and sharing. After a comprehensive review of the classic randomized response techniques and related extensions, we present a new privacy-preserving data collection method capitalizing on the matrix masking theory. In addition to an introduction to the theory and principles, examples are used to illustrate the procedures in applying the method in practice.
Contiguous Erosion of the Inactive X in Human Pluripotency Concludes With Global DNA Hypomethylation

Female human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are prone to undergoing X chromosome erosion (XCE), a progressive loss of key epigenetic features on the inactive X that initiates with repression of XIST, the long non-coding RNA required for X inactivation. As a result, previously silenced genes on the eroding X (Xe) reactivate, some of which are thought to provide selective advantages. To-date, the sporadic and progressive nature of XCE has largely obscured its scale, dynamics, and key transition events. To address this knowledge gap, we performed an integrated analysis of DNA methylation (DNAme), chromatin accessibility, and gene expression across hundreds of hPSC samples. Differential methylation across the Xe enables ordering female hPSCs across a trajectory of XCE from initiation to terminal stages. Our results identify a crucial cis-regulatory element for XIST expression, trace contiguously growing domains of reactivation to a few euchromatic origins on the Xi, and indicate that the late-stage Xe impairs DNAme genome-wide. Surprisingly, from this altered epigenetic landscape emerge select features of naive pluripotency, suggesting its link to X chromosome dosage may be partially conserved in human embryonic development.
Disorders of Granulocyte Functions

Functional phagocyte disorders occur due to intrinsic neutrophil defects resulting from abnormal granulocyte development, defects in phagocytosis, or defects in chemotaxis. Abnormal phagocytic function can also originate from external causes that lead to suppression of neutrophil functions. Phagocyte disorders generally manifest with increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, but not viral infections. Most patients present during infancy, although the diagnosis may sometimes be delayed until late childhood depending on the severity of the disorder and the availability of diagnostic tests. The key to the successful management of phagocyte disorders include early diagnosis and early initiation of antibiotic to prevent and treat infections. In some disorders, treatments such as prophylactic antibiotics, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor infusions, and hematopoietic cell transplantation maybe necessary.