cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved sucrose gradient analysis of mouse liver polyribosomes

Abstract The analysis of polyribosomes from the postmitochondrial supernatant of mouse liver on sucrose gradients is described. It includes two technical improvements over current procedures. (A) Through the introduction of minor modifications in standard equipment, a single gradient can be monitored at 260 and 320 nm, permitting the correction for the uv absorption of ferritin and other nonribosomal material. The use of duplicate gradients for this purpose is thus obviated. (B) After treatment of the postmitochondrial supernatant with desoxycholate, it is diluted and analyzed in a medium containing 20 m M Mg 2+ and 200 m M K + . The resolution of the gradients in these concentrations is substantially better than in the usually accepted 5 m M Mg 2+ and 50 m M K + .
Unnecessary Time Pressure in Refusal of Life-Sustaining Therapies: Fear of Missing the Opportunity to Die

During an illness requiring brief use of life-sustaining therapy (LST), patients and surrogates sometimes feel that LST must be withdrawn before it becomes unnecessary to avoid later being stuck living in a debilitated condition that the patient considers worse than death. This fear depends on the belief that the patient can legitimately refuse only artificial LST, so that if such therapies are no longer required, he or she will have missed the ‘opportunity to die.’ This fear of being stuck with life can lead to premature decisions to terminate LST and is unfounded because adequate ethical and moral justification exists for refusal of not just artificial LST, but also for refusal of natural LST, including oral hydration and nutrition.
Activation of human lymphocytes by concanavalin A or purified protein derivative results in no alteration of fluorescence polarization of lipid probes although the electrophoretic mobility of the cells is changed

Abstract Upon stimulation with either concanavalin A or the tuberculin antigen, purified protein derivative, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, purified on Ficoll-Hypaque, did not exhibit a concomitant lipid fluidity alteration as measured by fluorescence polarization ( P ) of the lipid probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). This result was independent of the incubation period, ranging from 10 min to 72 h. However, a general reduction in polarization value, from P = 0.287 (maintained for up to 2 h of incubation) to P = 0.225 after 20 h was observed for both experimental and control samples. Moreover, fluorescence polarization studies of the nonpenetrating modified DPH cationic lipid probe, 1-[4′-trimethylaminophenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH), also failed to show any change in lipid fluidity subsequent to a 1–3 h incubation of lymphocytes with concanavalin A. Cell electrophoretic mobility, however, was altered (mean cell mobility increased by 10–15%) in a fast response to stimulation and was observed within several hours of in vitro application of concanavalin A and purified protein derivative. This initial response disappeared with further incubation at 37°C (>3 h) and was followed by a decline of cellular mobility of the concanavalin A-exposed cells after 48 and 72 h of incubation. The unstimulated control cells did not change in mobility as a function of incubation time. The slow decline in mean cell mobility of the experimental cells is believed to be associated with blastogenesis. It is concluded that neither blastogenic transformation nor short term membrane alterations associated with human lymphocyte activation lead to lipid fluidity changes as measured in steady state by the fluorescence polarization of both DPH and TMA-DPH.
Architecturally Complex Polymers with Controlled Heterogeneity

The properties of polymers depend not only on their composition—the types of monomers used to synthesize them—but also on their topology. Differences in how polymer chains are connected within the molecule can lead to materials properties that vary for polymers made from the same monomer. For example, high-density polyethylene made with mostly linear chains and few branches is stiff and strong, and can be used for pipes. When made with many branching chains, it is more flexible and can be used in shopping bags. More complex structures can be created with copolymers containing two or more monomers that allow variations in both composition and chemical functionality. In this way, advanced materials used in health and beauty products, optoelectronic and microelectronic materials, and structural applications have been developed ( 1 , 2 ). The latest challenge is to combine all of these elements—composition, topology, and functionality—into one material, and to do so in ways that reduce the complexity and cost of synthesis.
High-temperature Raman investigation of order-disorder behavior in the MgAl2O4 spinel.

Disordering of the cations between the T and M sites complicates the analysis of the vibrational spectra of the ${\mathrm{MgAl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ spinel, as well as many other spinels; thus, the Raman spectrum of ${\mathrm{MgAl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ has not been satisfactorily assigned. Raman spectra of a natural spinel are reported that demonstrate the effect of rapid disordering of Mg and Al cations at high temperatures and the subsequent quenching of the disorder when the spinel was rapidly cooled to ambient temperature. These spectra are interpreted to resolve divergent interpretations of vibrational spectra of natural and synthetic ${\mathrm{MgAl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ spinels.
Organic matter of the troposphere—III. Characterization and sources of petroleum and pyrogenic residues in aerosols over the western united states

Abstract Aerosols from urbanized areas of the western United States and Nigeria, as well as from rural air basins with elevated vehicular traffic, contain extractable organic matter composed mainly of petroleum residues, with subordinate waxes from vascular plants and minor polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Petroleum residues can be distinguished from the natural background by their unique compound distributions and molecular marker signatures. The predominant source of the atmospheric petroleum residues is from vehicular exhaust in the form of lubricants. A minor component of PAH is found in aerosols receiving an input of smoke from wood combustion. These anthropogenic constituents are a significant part of urban aerosols and their molecular signature may prove of utility as tracers for air parcels from particular geographic regions and as specific tags for vehicular (especially diesel) emissions.
CD36, a Class B Scavenger Receptor, Is Expressed on Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease Brains and Can Mediate Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to β-Amyloid Fibrils

A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the senile plaque, composed of β-amyloid fibrils, microglia, astrocytes, and dystrophic neurites. We reported previously that class A scavenger receptors mediate adhesion of microglia and macrophages to β-amyloid fibrils and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-coated surfaces. We also showed that CD36, a class B scavenger receptor and an oxLDL receptor, promotes H 2 O 2 secretion by macrophages adherent to oxLDL-coated surfaces. Whether CD36 is expressed on microglia, and whether it plays a role in secretion of H 2 O 2 by microglia interacting with fibrillar β-amyloid is not known. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and immunohistochemistry, we found that CD36 is expressed on human fetal microglia, and N9-immortalized mouse microglia. We also found that CD36 is expressed on microglia and on vascular endothelial cells in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Bowes human melanoma cells, which normally do not express CD36, gained the ability to specifically bind to surfaces coated with fibrillar β-amyloid when transfected with a cDNA encoding human CD36, suggesting that CD36 is a receptor for fibrillar β-amyloid. Furthermore, two different monoclonal antibodies to CD36 inhibited H 2 O 2 production by N9 microglia and human macrophages adherent to fibrillar β-amyloid by ∼50%. Our data identify a role for CD36 in fibrillar β-amyloid-induced H 2 O 2 production by microglia, and imply that CD36 can mediate binding to fibrillar β-amyloid. We propose that similar to their role in the interaction of macrophages with oxLDL, class A scavenger receptors and CD36 play complimentary roles in the interactions of microglia with fibrillar β-amyloid.
Secure Information and Resource Sharing in Cloud Infrastructure as a Service

Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS) refers to virtualized IT resources such as compute, storage and networking, offered as a service by a cloud service provider on demand to its customers (equivalently tenants). IaaS is a fast-maturing cloud service model today where tenants are strictly isolated from each other. With the prominence of IaaS as the next generation model for outsourcing IT infrastructure, we believe there is a need to facilitate secure sharing between tenants for various reasons such joint cyber incident response, catalyzing productivity, etc. In this paper, we investigate various models for information and resource sharing between tenants in an IaaS cloud. The models facilitate a tenant to share its IT resources with other tenants in a controlled manner. One motivation for sharing resources is for cyber incident response. We formally specify operational and administrative models for sharing and discuss enforcement and implementation issues in the widely-deployed OpenStack platform, the de facto open-source cloud IaaS software.
Direct Reduction and Differential Constraints

Direct reductions of partial differential equations to systems of ordinary differential equations are in one-to-one correspondence with compatible differential constraints. The differential constraint method is applied to prove that a parabolic evolution equation admits infinitely many characteristic second order reductions, but admits a non-characteristic second order reduction if and only if it is linearizable.
Operations for granular computing: mixing words and numbers

We discuss the idea of granular computing and indicate its importance to the agenda of intelligence engineering. It is noted that attributes of granular objects are usually measured on a very weak scale, often a linguistic scale having only a linear ordering. The need for the operations to manipulate granular objects is presented. We then introduce a new form of the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator, called the induced OWA (IOWA) operator, in which the ordering of the objects to be aggregated can be based on something other then the values to be aggregated. We then show that this new IOWA operator provides a tool in which we can perform operations which mix numbers and words.
Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5.

Background DSM-IV-TR suggests that clinicians should assess clinically relevant personality traits that do not necessarily constitute a formal personality disorder (PD), and should note these traits on Axis II, but DSM-IV-TR does not provide a trait model to guide the clinician. Our goal was to provide a provisional trait model and a preliminary corresponding assessment instrument, in our roles as members of the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup and workgroup advisors. Method An initial list of specific traits and domains (broader groups of traits) was derived from DSM-5 literature reviews and workgroup deliberations, with a focus on capturing maladaptive personality characteristics deemed clinically salient, including those related to the criteria for DSM-IV-TR PDs. The model and instrument were then developed iteratively using data from community samples of treatment-seeking participants. The analytic approach relied on tools of modern psychometrics (e.g. item response theory models). Results A total of 25 reliably measured core elements of personality description emerged that, together, delineate five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. Conclusions We developed a maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal PD. The inventory we developed is reprinted in its entirety in the Supplementary online material, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators prior to the finalization of DSM-5. Continuing discussion should focus on various options for integrating personality traits into DSM-5.
The distribution, elimination, and metabolism of 14C-alternariol monomethyl ether.

Abstract Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were orally administered 14C‐alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) in olive oil and housed in glass metabolism cages. Urine, feces, and expired CO2 were monitored for the presence of radioactivity. The majority of activity was excreted in the feces apparently unabsorbed. Urine excretion accounted for less than 10% of the administered dose. A substantial amount of “absorbed”; activity was excreted in expired CO2. TLC autoradiography of urine extracts revealed extensive metabolism, but little metabolism was evident in feces extracts. Incubation of AME with rat liver post‐mitochondrial supernatant also resulted in substantial metabolism.
Noninvasive assessment of mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.

Abstract Thirty-seven patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis underwent balloon dilatation of the mitral valve. Significant increases (p 2 ). However, catheterization and Doppler areas before and after valvuloplasty correlated less well (r = 0.51, p 1 of 4 grades in only 1 patient. The lateral mitral valve orifice diameter increased more than the anteroposterior diameter, suggesting commissural splitting as the mechanism of successful valvuloplasty. Increases (all p Thus, while Doppler study can accurately predict catheterization mitral valve area in patients referred for assessment of mitral stenosis, the correlation coefficients are lower in balloon valvuloplasty patients preselected for severe mitral stenosis and in patients after balloon valvuloplasty. Other noninvasive parameters, previously shown to be inaccurate predictors of baseline valve area, do reflect increases after valvuloplasty. Valvuloplasty can successfully increase valve area even in patients with severe mitral valve thickening and causes little change in the degree of mitral regurgitation.
EIA-708-B digital closed captioning implementation

The FCC has mandated implementation of the EIA-708-B standard for digital closed captioning by July 1, 2002. The paper reviews some important digital closed captioning implementation issues and recommendations addressed in EIA/CEA CEB-10-A, "EIA-708-B Implementation Guidance". The topics are related to: caption service descriptors; window dimensions and attributes; handling reset, delay, and cancel commands; multi-byte commands.
Urea in Reactive Dyeing

The effect of urea on formation and cleavage of a covalent bond between a reactive dye and cellulose has been investigated. The evidence presented is consistent with the view that urea increases th...
Biological and immunological characteristics of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines for serotype C Moraxella catarrhalis.

Moraxella catarrhalis is an important bacterial cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major surface antigen of this bacterium, is a potential vaccine component against the organism. There are three major LOS serotypes (serotypes A, B, and C) in clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis. Our previous studies demonstrated that serotype A and B LOS-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals and elicited bactericidal antibodies. In this study, LOS from serotype C strain 26404 was isolated, detoxified, and conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or the cross-reactive mutant (CRM) of diphtheria toxin to form detoxified LOS (dLOS)-TT, dLOS-CRM-1, and dLOS-CRM-2 vaccine candidates. The molar ratios (dLOS/protein) of the resulting conjugates were 47:1, 19:1, and 32:1, respectively, while the weight ratios were 0.94, 0.84 and 1.44, respectively. All conjugates were highly immunogenic in both mouse and rabbit models. Three subcutaneous injections of each conjugate formulated with the Ribi adjuvant elicited >700-fold increases in serum anti-LOS immunoglobulin G levels in mice (5 μg of dLOS) and >2,000-fold increases in rabbits (50 μg of dLOS). The resulting mouse and rabbit antisera showed complement-mediated bactericidal activity against the homologous strain. In addition, a representative rabbit antiserum showed bactericidal activity against 14 of 18 testable strains, and this bactericidal activity could be 100% inhibited by the serotype C or A LOS but only 30% inhibited by the serotype B LOS. These results indicate that the serotype C LOS-based conjugates can be used as vaccine components for further investigation in humans.
Application of the row action maximum likelihood algorithm with spherical basis functions to clinical PET imaging

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from fully 3D positron emission tomography (PET) data can yield high-quality images but at a high computational cost. The 3D row action maximum likelihood algorithm (3D RAMLA) with spherically-symmetric basis functions (blobs) has recently been modified to reconstruct multi-slice 2D PET data after Fourier rebinning (FORE) but still using 3D basis functions (2.5D RAMLA. In this study 2.5D RAMLA and 3D RAMLA were applied to several patient and phantom PET datasets to assess their clinical performance. RAMLA performance was compared to that for the reconstruction techniques in routine clinical use on the authors' PET scanners. Torso phantom and whole-body patient scans acquired on the C-PET scanner were reconstructed after FORE with filtered back-projection (FORE+FBP), the ordered subsets expectation maximization algorithm (FORE+OSEM), and FORE+2.5D RAMLA for various reconstruction parameters. The 3D Hoffman brain phantom scanned on the HEAD Penn-PET scanner was reconstructed with the 3D reprojection algorithm (3DRP) and 3D RAMLA, as well, as FORE+FBP, FORE+OSEM, and FORE+2.5D RAMLA. The authors' results demonstrate improvement of 3D and 2.5D RAMLA with blob basis functions, compared to the reconstruction methods currently in clinical use, in terms of contrast recovery and noise, especially in regions of limited statistics.
Enabling Consumer-Driven Service Innovation in Health Care: The Role of Online Health Information Technologies (HIT)

In the past few years, consumer participation in health care has increased significantly with the ready availability of medical information on health websites and the ability to interact in disease-focused online health communities. Importantly, such consumer participation also involves creating new knowledge based on consumers’ direct experiences with particular diseases and treatments – new knowledge that could lead to new or improved services. Such consumer-driven service innovation has assumed critical importance as most healthcare organizations come under considerable pressure to enhance the value they offer to their consumers (or patients). In this chapter, we argue that an important task for value-driven healthcare organizations is to facilitate consumer driven service innovation in health care through appropriate use of online health information technologies. We adopt a knowledge creation perspective and propose a theoretical framework that explains how health websites and online health communities together can facilitate creation of innovative service ideas through knowledge socialization, combination, externalization, and internalization. Implications for future research on the role of IT in service innovation in health care are discussed. The implications for strategies and practices adopted by healthcare organizations are also examined.
Elimination of beam squint in uniformly excited serially fed antenna arrays using negative group delay circuits

A new design for a serially fed antenna array employing a negative group delay (NGD) circuit is reported in this paper. The NGD is generated within the feed line using an amplifier and a T-junction power divider. Therefore, the positive group delay caused by the interconnecting transmission lines between the adjacent antennas is canceled. This provides a constant phase shift over the entire antenna bandwidth, eliminating beam squint. Phase variation improvement of 83% within a bandwidth of 200 MHz at a center frequency of 10 GHz has been achieved.
Gaps in monitoring during oral anticoagulation: insights into care transitions, monitoring barriers, and medication nonadherence

Background Among patients receiving oral anticoagulation, a gap of > 56 days between international normalized ratio tests suggests loss to follow-up that could lead to poor anticoagulation control and serious adverse events. Methods We studied long-term oral anticoagulation care for 56,490 patients aged 65 years and older at 100 sites of care in the Veterans Health Administration. We used the rate of gaps in monitoring per patient-year to predict percentage time in therapeutic range (TTR) at the 100 sites. Results Many patients (45%) had at least one gap in monitoring during an average of 1.6 years of observation; 5% had two or more gaps per year. The median gap duration was 74 days (interquartile range, 62-107). The average TTR for patients with two or more gaps per year was 10 percentage points lower than for patients without gaps ( P P Conclusions Site-level gap rates varied widely within an integrated care system. Sites with more gaps per patient-year had worse anticoagulation control. Strategies to address and reduce gaps in monitoring may improve anticoagulation control.
Second language acquisition through human computer dialogue

The paper describes our recent research in developing tools for second language acquisition based on spoken dialogue interaction with a computer. We argue that language proficiency can best be achieved through active communication, and that the computer is very patient and provides a non-threatening environment in which to practice. We have adapted our pre-existing multilingual dialogue systems for this application, focusing in our initial prototype on an English-speaking student learning Mandarin within the weather domain. Two significant new contributions are a Web-based interface for practice exercises to gain proficiency in carrying out a live conversation and a high-quality narrow-domain speech translation capability. In an evaluation on 695 spoken utterances drawn from a corpus of English weather data, our translation system produces an incorrect result less than 2% of the time, with a rejection rate of 8%.
Structure and Growth of Two- and Three-Dimensional Hexatic Liquid Crystals

We usually consider two extremes when thinking about condensed states of matter. One extreme is the perfect crystalline solid, in which atoms form a perfectly periodic array that extends to infinity in all three directions. The other extreme is a fluid, in which the atoms or molecules are completely disordered and the material is both orientationally and positionally isotropic that is, it looks the same when viewed from any direction.
Ultrastructural cytochemistry of the ocular lens

Ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations of ocular lens have been difficult due to limited applicability of currently available techniques for the preparation of this tissue for such studies. Several modifications in currently available techniques are being made in order to preserve the fine structure of the lens. In this report we present a modified method which provides good preservation of lens fine structure and allows cytochemical localization of enzymes in this tissue. Brief freezing permits preparation of thin slices of the lens which are subsequently incubated in the appropriate media for enzyme cytochemistry at an ultrastructural level. We have used this modified method for the localization of Na-K-dependent ATPase and the results are presented in this report.
A Postlandfall Hurricane Classification System for the United States

Abstract The Saffir–Simpson scale is useful for evaluating maximum sustained hurricane winds and storm surge over open water in the prelandfall window, but it fails to accurately account for the observed impacts over land. A new postland-fall hurricane classification system (HCS) is proposed that redistributes the categorization of hurricanes into types according to six variables: open water storm surge, rainfall, duration of hurricane force winds, maximum sustained winds, gust score, and minimum central pressure. Hurricanes are assigned values for each variable and summed for a numerical 0–100 grade. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are also performed on the six variables to categorize U.S. land-falling hurricanes into storm types. A total of 41 land-falling hurricanes in the United States since 1960 have been analyzed. The summation scores show many hurricanes that are of strength similar to their Saffir–Simpson classifications, with several notable exceptions. The cluster ...
Gait Deterioration in Adolescents with Dravet Syndrome

Researchers at the University of Melbourne, Australia studied prospectively changes in gait by age in patients with Dravet syndrome. Of 26 patients aged 2 to 34 years, 15 were male and 11 female, mean age 11.6 years; 23 had SCN1A mutations.
Towards value-based, closed-loop dynamical system approach to asset management

In this dissertation a methodology is proposed for value-based management of networks of assets where the underlying flow and system dynamics are greatly influenced by the way the decisions are made and executed. In this paradigm, users and owners of assets are characterized by their decisions and the impacts that their behaviors will have on the overall flow of the network. Short or intermediate term impacts in network flow occur as assets deteriorate and users start practicing alternative options. These impacts also occur as owners change the state of assets by investing on new assets or practicing different maintenance options. User demand elasticity to the quality of service received from an asset defines flow from or to that asset. Any reduction or disturbances in flow is an indication of inefficiencies in the management of assets. Longer-term impacts occur due to major investments or structural changes in the network, leading to major economical shifts and new flow patterns in the underlying society. These societal changes in turn create new flow dynamics in the asset network.
Structural Evolution of Stock Networks

In this study, we report the changes and evolution of non-overlapping yearly stock networks (asset graph) in time period from 2000 to 2012. Thirteen annual non-overlapping windows are created by Bonferroni correction of p-values used to estimate a partial-correlation threshold for portfolio of 60 stocks belonging the SP100 index. We analyze each network structure by applying tools from Information Theory and descriptive quantifiers from complex networks to quantify and compare evolving network's topologies. We have found that stock network structure drastically changed after the year 2006, and network has higher level of randomness in the structures of year 2008 and year 2011.
Bioinspired Hygromorphic Actuator Exhibiting Controlled Locomotion

We report a bioinspired hygromorphic double-layered actuator (HDA), of which the movement is controlled by cyclical changes in relative humidity (RH). The basic principle of the HDA lies in the rapid swelling and deswelling of highly hygroscopic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled films deposited on a moisture-resistant and flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ribbon. We engineer the geometry of the HDA to induce locomotion on a ratchet track. By controlling the exposure time and RH, the HDA is remotely controlled to move a precise number of steps on the ratchet track during one cycle of RH changes. We demonstrate that the step length of the HDA depends on the relative thickness change of the LbL film. We also provide theoretical considerations based on a plate theory and the Flory–Huggins theory to describe the actuation of the HDA. Our work provides fundamental insights into the fabrication and design of hygromorphic actuators driven by RH changes.
Preference of Forcipata loca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Adults to Forage Plants

The host suitability of Forcipata loca Delong and Caldwell was determined in a series of feeding and oviposition tests conducted in the laboratory and field. The plants tested included forage and weed species commonly found in Missouri pastures. Visual examination of plants, radioisotope labeling, and adult survival and oviposition were techniques used to determine host suitability. Twentyone test plants were acceptable food hosts, and 12 also were acceptable breeding hosts. The majority of plants belonged to the family Gramineae, and three belonged to the closely related family Cyperaceae.
Subcutaneous Administration of Cortin Compounds in Solid Form to the Rat

Numerous substances having a low solubility in the body fluids have been administered experimentally by implanting them in solid form within the body tissues. We have administered to rats solid forms of extracts of adrenal cortex and 3 pure crystalline compounds which are identified in the literature as A, B, and E.1In Experiment 1, ten male rats having a range in body weight of from 100 to 110 g were matched into pairs and were all adrenalectomized in single-stage aseptic operations. At the time of adrenalectomy a single crystal of compound E which did not exceed 2 mg in weight was implanted subcutaneously into one animal of each pair. The 5 untreated control animals developed symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and died at intervals of 5, 6, 10, 10, and 12 days after operation. The animals which had received the single implants of compound E died at intervals of 15, 20, 23, 23, and 28 days after operation.For Experiment 2, a total extract of cortin was prepared for implantation. Compounds A, B, E, and som...
Native point defects and doping in ZnGeN 2

A computational study within the framework of density functional theory in the local density approximation (LDA) is presented for native defects and doping in ${\mathrm{ZnGeN}}_{2}$. Gap corrections are taken into account using an LDA+$U$ approach and finite size corrections for charged defects are evaluated in terms of an effective charge model, introduced in this paper. The donor or acceptor characteristics of each of the cation and N vacancies and the two cation antisite defects are determined as well as their energies of formation under different chemical potential conditions. These are then used to determine defect concentrations and Fermi level pinning self-consistently. The cation antisite defects are found to have significantly lower formation energy than the cation vacancies. At a typical growth temperature of 1200 K, the charge neutrality condition pins the Fermi level close to the crossing of the formation energies of the ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ acceptor with the ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}^{2+}$ shallow donor. Since this point lies closer to the valence-band maximum (VBM), intrinsic $p$-type doping would result at the growth temperature and will persist at room temperature if the defect concentrations are frozen in. It is the highest and of order ${10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for the most Ge-poor condition. On the other hand, for the most Ge-poor condition, it drops to ${10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at 1200 K and to almost zero at 300 K because then the Fermi level is too close to the middle of the gap. Oxygen impurities are found to strongly prefer the ${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ substitutional site and are found to be shallow donors with a very low energy of formation. It can only be suppressed by strongly reducing the oxygen partial pressure relative to that of nitrogen. At high temperatures, however, introduction of oxygen will be accompanied by compensating ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ acceptors and would lead to negligible net doping. The prospects for Ga base $p$-type doping are evaluated. While good solubility is expected, site competition between Zn and Ge sites is found to lead to a compensation problem similar to that of the two antisites and leads to $p$-type doping of the same level of ${10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
Computational Issues in Non-Linear Structural Analysis Using a Physics Engine

The paper describes issues involved in a novel computational approach to non-linear structural analysis. The method is called a physics engine, which has been widely used in computer games and other visually-oriented simulations, but little used in structural engineering. The paper describes an implementation which models a structure as a collection of point masses in a time-step simulation. The position and velocity of each particle are known at the beginning of the time step, and the method calculates forces on the particles resulting from element deformation, gravity, damping, and other sources. The forces for each degree of freedom are then divided by the corresponding mass quantity to calculate acceleration. The acceleration is used in solving the differential equations of motion to determine the position and velocity at the end of the time step, and the process repeats. This procedure has the following distinguishing characteristics: all calculations are done with respect to the deformed structural geometry; there is no global stiffness matrix; mass must be assigned to all degrees of freedom; the method is extremely computationally intensive. The large displacement characteristic means that the method is well suited to modeling phenomena such as post-buckling behavior. The lack of a global stiffness matrix means that the method can easily analyze unstable structures and mechanisms. The combination of these characteristics makes the method well suited to modeling collapse-related phenomena resulting from removing members. The requirement to assign mass to all degrees of freedom raises questions about the proper calculation of rotational mass, which the paper discusses. Because the method is computationally intensive, it is limited to relatively small scale problems. It has been implemented in a program called Arcade, and has been primarily used for teaching, since small-scale models are effective for teaching. The paper briefly presents some teaching applications.
Nutritional Requirements for Reproduction in the Hispid Cotton Rat, Sigmodon hispidus

To better understand resource allocation in the herbivore Sigmodon hispidus , nutritional requirements for reproduction were determined. Adult female cotton rats were fed Purina® #5001 Laboratory Chow ad lib in the laboratory. They and their progeny were sacrificed at either 10, 20, 24, or 26 days after breeding, at birth (27 days), or at weaning (39 days). Protein, lipid, and element concentrations in body tissues of pregnant females were constant. From birth to weaning, protein concentration in lactating females increased and lipid concentration decreased, whereas no concentration of elements changed significantly. In progeny, concentration of protein, K, Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu declined significantly, while concentration of lipids, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, and energy increased significantly from birth to weaning. An energy and mass-balance analysis indicated that laboratory chow easily met nutritional requirements for reproduction. This analysis was used to estimate minimum nutritional requirements for reproduction in S. hispidus . A second energy and mass-balance analysis using a natural diet indicated that protein and phosphorus ingestion by adult females was lower during autumn and winter than required for production of a litter. Thus, protein and phosphorus are critical dietary components that may limit reproduction in S. hispidus under field conditions.
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Presenting as Status Epilepticus

Two cases of non-epileptic opsoclonus presenting as status epilepticus are reported fom the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Mid-infrared epsilon-near-zero modes in ultra-thin phononic films

We demonstrate strong, narrow-band selective absorption and subsequent selective thermal emission from ultra-thin planar films of polar materials at mid-infrared wavelengths. Our structures consist of AlN layers of varying thicknesses deposited upon molybdenum ground planes. We demonstrate coupling to the Berreman mode at frequencies at, or near, the longitudinal optical phonon energy of AlN. Samples are characterized experimentally by temperature-, angle-, and polarization-dependent Fourier transform infrared reflection and emission spectroscopy and modeled using a transfer matrix method approach. Strong, spectrally selective thermal emission, with near angle-independent spectral position, is demonstrated from an AlN layer with thickness t<λo/100.
Hyperosmolarity Induces Notochordal Cell Differentiation with Aquaporin3 Upregulation and Reduced N-cadherin Expression†

The nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs (IVD) undergoes dramatic changes with aging including loss of its gelatinous structure and large, vacuolated notochordal cells (NCs) in favor of a matrix-rich structure populated by small NP cells (sNPCs). NP maturation also involves a loading-pattern shift from pressurization to matrix deformations, and these events are thought to predispose to degeneration. Little is known of the triggering events and cellular alterations involved with NP maturation, which remains a fundamental open spinal mechanobiology question. A mouse IVD organ culture model was used to test the hypotheses that hyperosmotic overloading will induce NP maturation with transition of NCs to sNPCs while also increasing matrix accumulation and altering osmoregulatory and mechanotransductive proteins. Results indicated that static hyperosmolarity, as might occur during growth, caused maturation of NCs to sNPCs and involved a cellular differentiation process since known NC markers (cytokeratin-8, -19, and sonic hedgehog) persisted without increased cell apoptosis. Osmosensitive channels Aquaporin 3 (Aqp3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) expression were both modified with altered osmolarity, but increased Aqp3 with hyperosmolarity was associated with NC to sNPC differentiation. NC to sNPC differentiation was accompanied by a shift in cellular mechanotransduction proteins with decreased N-cadherin adhesions and increased Connexin 43 connexons. We conclude that hyperosmotic overloading can promote NC differentiation into sNPCs. This study identified osmolarity as a triggering mechanism for notochordal cell differentiation with associated shifts in osmoregulatory and mechanotransductive proteins that are likely to play important roles in intervertebral disc aging. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:788-798, 2018.
Formal Methods Workflow for Model-Based Development

To manage the rapid growth and complexity of software, model-based development workflow is being increasingly adapted in industry. This paper provides a brief overview of some of the important verification and validation steps in this workflow and illustrates them using Simulink Design Verifier tool of MathWorks .
UTPlaceF 3.0: A parallelization framework for modern FPGA global placement: (Invited paper)

Global placement is a major runtime bottleneck of modern FPGA physical synthesis. As the FPGA capacity grows rapidly, new innovative global placement approaches are in great demand for more efficient circuit mapping and prototyping. In this paper, we propose a parallelization framework for modern FPGA global placement, UTPlaceF 3.0. Two major techniques are presented to boost the performance of a state-of-the-art quadratic placer with only small quality degradation: 1) placement-driven block-Jacobi preconditioning and 2) parallelized incremental placement correction. Experimental results show that UTPlaceF 3.0 can take full advantages of modern multi-core CPUs and achieves more than 5X speedup over sequential implementation with competitive placement quality.
What Shapes Colombia’s Foreign Position on Climate Change?

Colombia presents a revealing and much needed case study which helps us to understand the formulation of foreign policy on climate change in rising developing countries. This paper analyzes the mai...
Girls with Seizures Due to the c.320A>G Variant in ALG13 Do Not Show Abnormal Glycosylation Pattern on Standard Testing.

A girl with early onset severe epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, visual maturation delays, and feeding problems was without a diagnosis despite an extensive genetic and metabolic evaluation. She initially manifested infantile spasms which responded to high-dose ACTH. Seizures seemed to resolve, but then at age 5, she developed complex partial seizures resistant to antiepileptics that responded to a ketogenic diet. Additional features included visual impairment, hypotonia, reflux, and severe feeding problems requiring a G-tube. She was referred to the Geisinger Health System whole-genome sequencing clinical research program. A variant in the X-linked gene ALG13 (c.320A->G p. 107 N->S) was identified. Four additional girls from three published exome sequencing studies were found to have the identical c.320A>G variant in ALG13. All presented with early onset severe epilepsy and intellectual disability. Three of the five exhibited visual impairment and possible developmental regression. A boy with a variant in ALG13 presented with a severe congenital disorder of glycosylation type Is. Glycosylation studies in the case reported here were normal; none of the other girls reported in the literature have had glycosylation studies. X-inactivation studies have not been done. The N107 residue and the surrounding region – MNNHQ – are highly conserved across species and are found in a presumed functional domain of this glycotransferase superfamily. The consistent clinical presentation of a severe phenotype in girls coupled with identical variants in an X-linked gene strongly suggests a critical position effect. Negative glycosylation studies in one individual suggest the possibility of a new mechanism requiring investigation.
Developing Integration Skills: The Role of Clinical Supervision:

The present article addresses three areas: learning integration as students, learning integration skills as students and trainees through integrative clinical supervision, and learning to become an...
Association of Out-of-Pocket Health Care Costs and Financial Burden for Patients With Alopecia Areata.

This survey study examines responses from 675 individuals with alopecia areata and analyzes the out-of-pocket financial burden for this patient population.
From Hitler to Heimat: The Return of History as Film: By Anton Kaes. Harvard University Press, 1989, 272 pp. $25, Cloth

(1990). From Hitler to Heimat: The Return of History as Film. American Journalism: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 197-198.
Effects of Stem and Response Order on Response Patterns in Satisfaction Ratings

Considerable research has examined the effect of response option order in ordinal bipolar questions such as satisfaction questions. However, no research we know of has examined the effect of the or...
Mepivacaine Spinal Anesthesia Facilitates Shorter Lengths of Stay and Fewer Urinary Complications in Total Hip Arthroplasty Compared to Bupivacaine

The purpose of this study was to compare the shorter-acting spinal anesthetic mepivacaine versus bupivacaine in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database from a single surgeon's contemporary cohort of 311 consecutive patients undergoing primary THA. Primary outcomes were urinary retention, length of stay (LOS), neuraxial complications, pain control, and opioid consumption. Statistical analysis with univariate logistic regression was performed followed by a multivariate analysis controlling for multiple factors to evaluate the effect of anesthetic on primary outcomes. The univariate analysis demonstrated those with mepivacaine required less postoperative catheterization (0.0 vs. 5.7%, p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis exhibited that the mepivacaine group had a higher average opioid requirement (morphine equivalence [MEQ] 0.64 ± 0.22 vs. 1.17 ± 0.23; p
Patient selection for anti-EGFViii therapies in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): Use of circulating tumor DNA.

e13023 Background: Several strategies have been recently developed to target EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), including vaccines (CDX-110) and antibody-drug conjugates (AMG595) and repres...
The Transformation of Poṣadha/Zhai in Early Medieval China (third–sixth centuries CE)

This article attempts to disentangle the semantics of zhai 齋 in early medieval China, mostly from the third century to the sixth, by examining both Indian and Chinese Buddhist sources. It demonstrates that semantic shifts in the term reflect a changing ritual context, as Chinese Buddhism rapidly took form. The article consists of two parts. The first part looks into how the Poṣadha Sūtra was first introduced to China and how the word poṣadha was employed in early āgama scriptures and the vinayas translated before the middle of the fifth century. The second part (from p. 89) examines the reception history of the lay poṣadha and the transformation that it underwent in early medieval China. The poṣadha/zhai in China eventually evolved into a religious feast centred on lay-monastic interaction in association with a variety of ritual elements, especially repentance rites.
Early Detection of Pediatric Motor Deficits With Accelerometry

Date Presented 04/06/19 Identifying subtle motor delays in early childhood is challenging. Accelerometry is a novel way to characterize upper-extremity motor patterns in typically developing children. Differences are identified between typical children and those with unilateral motor deficits. Primary Author and Speaker: Catherine Hoyt Contributing Authors: Andrew Van, Mario Ortega, Jon Koller, Elyse Everett, Annie Nguyen, Catherine Lang, Brad Schlaggar, Nico Dosenbach
Validation of Taiwanophodes minor Hlaváč, 2003 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae).

In my 2003 paper (Hlavac 2003) dealing with a revision of the Pselaphodes complex of genera, I neglected to explicitly designate a depository of the holotype of Taiwanophodes minor Hlavac sp. n. Under ICZN (1999): Article 16.4.2 this omission invalided its description and the species name. I herein rectify this problem.
Ontology Matching with Knowledge Rules

Ontology matching is the process of automatically determining the semantic equivalences between the concepts of two ontologies. Most ontology matching algorithms are based on two types of strategies: terminology-based strategies, which align concepts based on their names or descriptions, and structure-based strategies, which exploit concept hierarchies to find the alignment. In many domains, there is additional information about the relationships of concepts represented in various ways, such as Bayesian networks, decision trees, and association rules. We propose to use the similarities between these relationships to find more accurate alignments. We accomplish this by defining soft constraints that prefer alignments where corresponding concepts have the same local relationships encoded as knowledge rules. We use a probabilistic framework to integrate this new knowledge-based strategy with standard terminology-based and structure-based strategies. Furthermore, our method is particularly effective in identifying correspondences between complex concepts. Our method achieves better F-score than the state-of-the-art on three ontology matching domains.