cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Parties and Constitutional Fidelity

In the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election, few themes have received more attention from scholars and public commentators than political polarization. However, given the recent focus on tension and conflict in contemporary American society, the present also seems an especially appropriate moment to investigate those fundamental structures that have successfully worked in the opposite direction to bind and stabilize the American polity. The goal of this paper is precisely this task, and to emphasize the centrality of one particular structure that has played such a stabilizing function: the political parties. Parties are often invoked in discussions of political polarization. However, I focus on the significant role of political parties in articulating narratives of affiliation that effectively bind disparate social groups together into cohesive political coalitions, and that encourage popular fidelity to the overarching constitutional system. In doing so, I connect recent scholarship on the role of political parties in our constitutional system with a very extensive literature in constitutional law focused on themes of fidelity and popular commitment to the Constitution. This paper seeks to demonstrate four primary points: first, I will identify some core themes of Jacksonian Democratic and Whig party ideology — especially with respect to their views on the economy and the composition of American society. Second, I will illustrate how those themes have remained prominent facets of modern-day Democratic and Republican party ideologies since at least the early 1990s. Third, building upon this prior discussion, I will provide a more systematic mapping of Jacksonian Era concepts onto present-day party politics in Part V. I will also offer some speculation on how present-day party ideologies may evolve and intersect with some of the most contentious constitutional legal questions confronting the polity, including each party’s views on certain individual rights and on the proper role of the federal judiciary. Ultimately, I hope to offer some clarity on how party narratives may evolve from the present context of the Trump presidency. Finally, I will address narratives of party affiliation from a more normative-legal perspective. Specifically, I will articulate and defend the use of a certain type of narrative of constitutional fidelity — rooted in contemporary legal theory and the work of Jack Balkin, but oriented more empathically toward party politics — that may have broad appeal in contemporary American politics: namely, a narrative of redemption.
Lobbyist in Saxony

Clearly the Conservatives were masters of the Land when Gustav Stresemann appeared on the Saxon scene, first as a student at the University of Leipzig (1900–01), and then as an apprentice trade-association manager in Dresden. Although he had been born (1878) and raised in Berlin, during the decade he lived in Saxony, his outspoken antipathy for Bundler, whether Prussian or Saxon, excited both sympathy and hostility there.
Filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements of temperature in cellular tubular flames

Steady, premixed tubular flames that produce cellular flames due to low Lewis number can assist in validating diffusional properties for numerical models. The lean hydrogen-air mixture creates conditions of low Lewis number that have shown to result in cellular flames inside tubular burners due to preferential diffusion. Filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) is used to achieve two-dimensional temperature measurements across perpendicular planes in the cellular tubular flame. Different FRS strategies, a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with and without Fabry–Perot etalon as well as a continuous wave laser, are contrasted for consistency and uncertainty in the tubular flame measurements. The FRS temperature profiles are found to be consistent with previous spontaneous Raman scattering temperature measurements but differ from previous direct numerical simulation results.
Welcome to Western: A Community's Approach to Convocation.

There is no formula for creating celebrations that truly inspire a sense of community on campus, but there are principles that make for success. Here is what Western Washington University did— and ...
Ballroom Dance Movement Recognition Using a Smart Watch.

Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors are being increasingly used to detect human gestures and movements. Using a single IMU sensor, whole body movement recognition remains a hard problem because movements may not be adequately captured by the sensor. In this paper, we present a whole body movement detection study using a single smart watch in the context of ballroom dancing. Deep learning representations are used to classify well-defined sequences of movements, called \emph{figures}. Those representations are found to outperform ensembles of random forests and hidden Markov models. The classification accuracy of 85.95\% was improved to 92.31\% by modeling a dance as a first-order Markov chain of figures and correcting estimates of the immediately preceding figure.
LexExp: a system for automatically expanding concept lexicons for noisy biomedical texts.

SUMMARY LexExp is an open-source, data-centric lexicon expansion system that generates spelling variants of lexical expressions in a lexicon using a phrase embedding model, lexical similarity-based natural language processing methods and a set of tunable threshold decay functions. The system is customizable, can be optimized for recall or precision and can generate variants for multi-word expressions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Code available at: https://bitbucket.org/asarker/lexexp; data and resources available at: https://sarkerlab.org/lexexp. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pediatric Lung Transplantation and Anesthesia

Pediatric lung transplantation is relatively rare even among other pediatric solid organ transplants. Given the infrequency of this procedure, including at those centers that offer it, the primary goals of this chapter are to provide an overview of pediatric lung transplantation and its attendant anesthetic concerns. Indications for transplantation, characteristics of the transplant recipients, pre-operative evaluation, and intraoperative management are discussed. To guide post-transplant management, details regarding the physiologic differences inherent to the transplanted lungs, common post-transplant comorbidities, and outcomes are also reported.
MATLAB PDE toolbox for 2-D and 3-D neutron diffusion simulations

Abstract This research extends MATLAB PDE Toolbox to model nuclear reactors by solving the 2-D and 3-D multigroup neutron diffusion equations using the finite element method. The developed scripts can simulate reactors with rectangular and hexagonal lattices and have the potential to handle complex core configurations, benefitting from the constructive solid geometry. The meshing subroutine decomposes the domain into unstructured triangular or tetrahedral elements that are either linear or quadratic. With many versatile MATLAB functions, data analysis and visualization can be accomplished within the same software environment. The proposed toolbox provides a graphical user interface for novices and simple models and a programmatic workflow for experienced users and complex problems. Multiple benchmark tests show that the developed framework produces accurate results with acceptable computation speed. The developed MATLAB reactor simulation engine is license friendly and readily accessible by researchers and students, making it an ideal research and educational tool.
Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa

Obesity is an increasing global health concern and is associated with a broad range of morbidities. The gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as important contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbial communities, and evaluate host:microbiota interactions between clinical obesity classifications. We performed 16S rDNA sequencing on fecal and salivary samples, global metabolomics profiling on plasma and stool samples, and dietary profiling in 135 healthy individuals. We grouped individuals by obesity status, based on body mass index (BMI), including lean (BMI 18-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI [≥]30). We analyzed differences in microbiome composition, community inter-relationships, and predicted microbial function by obesity status. We found that salivary bacterial communities of lean and obese individuals were compositionally and phylogenetically distinct. An increase in obesity status was positively associated with strong correlations between bacterial taxa, particularly with bacterial groups implicated in metabolic disorders including Fretibacterium, and Tannerella. Consumption of sweeteners, especially xylitol, significantly influenced compositional and phylogenetic diversities of salivary and fecal bacterial communities. In addition, obesity groups exhibited differences in predicted bacterial metabolic activity, which was correlated with hosts metabolite concentrations. Overall, obesity was associated with distinct changes in bacterial community dynamics, particularly in saliva. Consideration of microbiome community structure, and inclusion of salivary samples may improve our ability to understand pathways linking microbiota to obesity and cardiometabolic disease. IMPORTANCEObesity is a worldwide epidemic that is associated with a wide range of health issues. Microbiota were shown to influence metabolism and obesity development. Our study aimed to evaluate the interactions between obesity, salivary and fecal microbiota, and metabolite concentrations in healthy individuals. The oral bacterial community was more impacted by the obesity status of the host than fecal microbiota. Consistently for oral and fecal microbiota, the number of strong interactions between bacteria increased with the increase in the obesity status. Several predicted microbial metabolic pathways that were shown to be associated with metabolic health were uniquely enriched between obesity groups. In addition, these metabolic pathways were correlated with plasma and stool metabolites. Our results suggest that oral microbiota might better reflect the obesity status of the host than fecal microbiota, and that correlations between microbial taxa are altered during obesity.
Wood specific gravity of trees and forest types in the southern Peruvian Amazon

Estimates of terrestrial biomass depend critically on reliable information about the specific gravity of the wood of forest trees. The study reported on here was carried out in the southern Peruvian Amazon and involved collection of wood samples from trees (70 spp.) in intact forest stands. Results demonstrate the high degree of variability in specific gravity (ovendry weight/green volume) in trees at single locations. Three forest types (swamp, high terrace forest with alluvial soil, and sandy-soil forest) had values close to the average reported for tropical forest woods (.69). Two early successional forest types, which make up as much as 12% of the total vegetated area in this part of the Amazon, had values significantly lower (.40). An increase in specific gravity with increasing age of the tree, which has been reported in some spe cies of tropical-forest woods, is seen in a positive relationship between specific gravity and di ameter for a species prevalent in one plot. Increases in specific gravity with tree and forest age may be significant in estimating changes in carbon stores over time.
Improving the EM Algorithm

The EM algorithm is often a practical method for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates. For the vector parameter case, we provide a faster method than Meng and Rubin (1989) for obtaining the derivative of the EM mapping, which can be used to obtain the observed variance-covariance matrix. Our method exhibits good behavior for a simple example. Aitken’s acceleration is commonly used to speed convergence of EM near a solution. Because Aitken’s acceleration often fails to converge we propose a mixture of EM and Aitken accelerated EM which satisfies the generalized EM (GEM) criteria, assuring convergence. We show that such a mixture sequence exists and demonstrate good convergence behavior for a heuristic approximation to this mixture.
Development of media and recording technologies for 4/spl times/-speed DVD-R

We had been developing new medium and recording technology of DVD-R, DVD Recordable (write-once DVD) for 4/spl times/-speed recording. The essential technologies to realize the 4/spl times/-speed DVD-R we confirmed are described in this paper.
Ligand effects on the redox potentials of metal carbonyls

Abstract The reversible oxidation potentials E o of a single series of methylcyclopentadienyldicarbonylmanganese(I) derivatives η 5 -MeCpMn(CO) 2 L are measured for a wide variety of ligand types, including L = alkyl and aromatic amines, alkyl cyanide and isocyanide, alkene, alkyl and aryl phosphines and phosphites. The relationship of E o with the carbonyl force constants evaluated by the Cotton-Kraihanzel method is presented.
Xenogeneic serum-induced murine cytotoxic cells. I. The generation of effector components specific for self and allogeneic target cells.

Abstract Spleen cells from unimmunized mice cultured in vitro without the intentional addition of exogenous antigen generated cytotoxic effector cells which lysed tumor and mitogen-stimulated blast target cells in a 5-hr chromium release assay. Effectors were generated in fetal bovine serum but not in adult horse serum, although both serum sources supported the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic cells. No correlation was observed between the ability of a serum source to support and generate serum-induced effectors and its ability to support an allogeneic cytotoxic response. The effectors lysed targets which were H-2 matched and those which were not H-2 matched with the cultured spleen cells, although the H-2 matched targets were consistently lysed more efficiently. “Cold” target cell inhibition studies indicated that multiple clones of cytotoxic cells were generated—including effector cells with specificity for self-structures, and particular alloantigens. Possible roles for the xenogeneic serum in the generation of this response are considered, including (a) the provision of essential stimulating and target antigens; (b) the induction of the expression of neoself-determinants; and (c) the possession of mitogenic properties.
Calpain-cleaved type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor impairs ER Ca(2+) buffering and causes neurodegeneration in primary cortical neurons.

Disruption of neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis plays a well-established role in cell death in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that proteolysis of the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R1), a Ca(2+) release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, generates a dysregulated channel, which may contribute to aberrant Ca(2+) signaling and neurodegeneration in disease states. However, the specific effects of InsP(3)R1 proteolysis on neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis are unknown, as are the functional contributions of this pathway to neuronal death. This study evaluates the consequences of calpain-mediated InsP(3)R1 proteolysis on neuronal Ca(2+) signaling and survival using adeno-associated viruses to express a recombinant cleaved form of the channel (capn-InsP(3)R1) in rat primary cortical neurons. Here, we demonstrate that expression of capn-InsP(3)R1 in cortical cultures reduced cellular viability. This effect was associated with increased resting cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), increased [Ca(2+)](i) response to glutamate, and enhanced sensitivity to excitotoxic stimuli. Together, our results demonstrate that InsP(3)R1 proteolysis disrupts neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis, and potentially acts as a feed-forward pathway to initiate or execute neuronal death.
Finite wordlength effects in fixed-point 2-D digital filters

The stability of 2D digital filters implemented with two's complement quantization is investigated. The difference equation model is considered for the following cases: quantization after each product, and quantization after a complete sum of products. For both cases, sufficient conditions are established for asymptotic stability. The 2-D state-space Roesser's model is also considered under two's complement quantization, and a sufficient condition is derived for its stability. >
Food restriction enhances the central rewarding effect of abused drugs.

Chronic food restriction increases the systemic self-administration and locomotor-stimulating effect of abused drugs. However, it is not clear whether these behavioral changes reflect enhanced rewarding potency or a CNS-based modulatory process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether food restriction specifically increases the rewarding potency of drugs, as indexed by their threshold-lowering effect on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation, and whether any such effect can be attributed to an enhanced central response rather than changes in drug disposition. When drugs were administered systemically, food restriction potentiated the threshold-lowering effect of amphetamine (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), phencyclidine (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.), and dizocilpine (MK-801) (0.0125, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) but not nicotine (0.15, 0.3, 0.45 mg/kg, s.c.). When amphetamine (25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 μg) and MK-801 (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg) were administered via the intracerebroventricular route, food restriction again potentiated the threshold-lowering effects and increased the locomotor-stimulating effects of both drugs. These results indicate that food restriction increases the sensitivity of neural substrates for rewarding and stimulant effects of drugs. In light of work that attributes rewarding effects of MK-801 to blockade of NMDA receptors on medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens, the elements affected by food restriction may lie downstream from the mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons whose terminals are the site of amphetamine-rewarding action. Possible metabolic–endocrine triggers of this effect are discussed, as is the likelihood that mechanisms mediating the modulatory effect of food restriction differ from those mediating sensitization by intermittent drug exposure.
Immunochemical studies of modified ovomucoids.

Ovomucoid, modified by heating, reduction, and alkylation, and combinations of these, shows marked changes in biological activity. A papain-digestion fragment having a molecular weight of near 6500 fails to precipitate with antibody to native ovomucoid but can completely inhibit specific precipitation of the parent protein with its antibody.
Equivalency of CID and revised CID sentence lists.

The equivalency of speech intelligibility scores obtained with the 10 individual lists within each of the Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) and the Revised CID (R-CID) Sentence Lists was investigated. The effect of the modification procedures used to form the revised lists was analyzed. Sixty normal-hearing subjects were divided into two groups of 30 each, with one group listening to all CID lists and the second group listening to all R-CID lists. Sentence lists were distorted using lowpass frequency distortion at 420 Hz and scored according to the number of key words correctly identified. Employing a ± 10% precision testing criterion, all correlations computed for the lists studied were too low to render the lists equivalent for most purposes. These results relate to the reliability of test scores generated by a specific acoustic event and do not question the appropriateness of sentences as a speech intelligibility message. The mean scores for eight R-CID Sentence Lists were significantly lower than s...
Novel Interferons for Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus

The current standard of care for treatment of hepatitis C is pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Despite the large number of new oral agents under development, interferon will likely remain the backbone of future therapy. Interferon has unique antiviral and immunomodulatory properties, which have been critical in limiting resistance to protease inhibitors and improving efficacy. Hence, optimizing pharmacokinetics and promoting adherence to interferon dosing regimens will become even more critical as new regimens enter the clinical arena. This review highlights novel interferons under development that may offer therapeutic advantages over the formulations currently available.
"The breastplate of righteousness": twenty-five years after Laud Humphreys' Tearoom Trade: impersonal sex in public places.

Twenty-five years ago, in January 1970, Laud Humphreys' Tearoom Trade was published. It generated much controversy, yet went on to win the C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Today, many remember and debate its methodology and ethical issues while often overlooking its important findings and its early contributions to the emerging field of gay studies. Humphreys' findings are reviewed and commemorated and his work is assessed in light of recent studies on sex in public places.
Axonal transport of the cytoskeleton in regenerating motor neurons: constancy and change.

We have examined slow axonal transport in regenerating motor neurons of the rat sciatic nerve. Using SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) we previously found that the slow component is the vehicle for the axonal cytoskeletal proteins, i.e. the neurofilament triplet proteins, tubulin and actin. When these proteins are pulse-labeled by injecting [3H]- or [35S]-amino acids into the spinal cord, they are transported distally in the nerve as two distinguishable waves of radioactivity, SCa and SCb. In normal motor neurons, the neurofilament triplet proteins and the tubulin are transported in SCa at an average velocity of 1.7 mm/day; the less heavily labeled SCb which moves at 2-5 mm/day is the primary vehicle for actin. We now find that during regeneration the velocity of SCa is unchanged in the region of the axon between the cell body and the lesion, but the amount of labeled neurofilament triplet and associated tubulin transported in the axon is decreased in neurons which had been labeled 20 days post-lesion. In contrast, the labeling of the slowly transported proteins moving ahead of the neurofilament triplet is greater in regenerating nerves than in controls. On the basis of our findings, we propose that in motor axons the normal supply of cytoskeletal protein, which is continuously transported in the slow component, is sufficient to support regeneration. Nevertheless, the neuron cell body can alter the supply of these cytoskeletal proteins so as to enhance its regenerative capacity.
Evaluating chiral separation interactions by use of diastereomeric polymeric dipeptide surfactants.

Poly sodium N-undecyl leucine-leucine (poly SULL) is used as a diagnostic tool to investigate chiral molecular interactions via electrokinetic chromatography (EKC). Poly SULL has two chiral centers which are defined by two asymmetric carbons. Each chiral center of poly SULL can have two possible configurations (D or L). Consequently, four different optical configurations are possible within the surfactant molecule (L-L, D-D, L-D, and D-L). In this study, five chiral analytes of various charge states and hydrophobicities were used to investigate the role of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity on chiral recognition with polymeric dipeptide surfactants. These studies lead to a proposed hypothesis for interaction of the analytes with dipeptide surfactants. The hypothesis was tested and the contribution of the double chiral centers to this interaction was evaluated by use of two dipeptide surfactants in which one chiral amino acid is replaced by an achiral amino acid glycine, i.e., poly sodium N-undecyl L-leucine-glycine (poly L-SULG) and poly sodium N-undecyl L-glycine-leucine (poly L-SUGL). The results reported here provide new insights into the mechanism for chiral recognition of select chiral analytes by use of polymeric chiral surfactants.
The effect of OH on UV optical absorption of reduced GeO2 glasses

Abstract GeO2 glasses have been prepared by fusion of electronic grade GeO2 powder at 1650°C with differing concentrations of OH. We have observed that with increasing OH concentration the UV absorption decreases. Treatment of the glass with lowest OH content in hydrogen at 400°C for 22 hours increases OH content and oxygen vacancies producing an increase in the UV absorption. Irradiation (137Cs gamma rays) increases absorption in the UV with the smallest fractional increase occuring in the hydrogen treated sample which had intermediate OH content. The effects of irradiation on the UV absorption are not proportional to OH content. We suggest that the hydrogen treatment produces a very large increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies and the resulting electron distribution is not significantly perturbed by irradiation.
Risk, Predicting Outcomes, and Improving Care

Although outcomes research and outcomes-driven quality assessment and improvement are the fads of the nineties, interest in healthcare outcomes is hardly new. The Code of Hammurabi in the 19th century BC specified the first outcomes-based standard of care: “If a physician shall make a severe wound with an operating knife and kill (the patient). . .(the surgeon’s) hand shall be cut off.”1 More recently, Earnest Amory Codman believed so strongly in the use of outcomes to assess the quality of surgery that he formed his own hospital, the End-Result Hospital, in Boston in 1914. We are in the midst of rediscovering what Codman told the Philadelphia Medical Society in 1913: “We must formulate some method of hospital report showing as nearly as possible what are the results of the treatment obtained at different institutions. This report must be made out and published by each hospital in a uniform manner, so that comparison will be possible. With such a report as a starting point, those interested can begin to ask questions as to the management and efficiency.”2 It is almost intuitive that if outcomes are to be used as quality indicators, they must be adjusted for severity of patient illness. Iezzoni,3 using the phrase “algebra of effectiveness,” stated that healthcare outcomes are a function of clinical and other patient attributes, effectiveness of care, and other factors, including random events. However, the adjustment of healthcare outcome rates for severity of illness and comorbidity is of recent vintage.4 The first large-scale use of risk adjustment driven by reimbursement issues, the …
A wear resistant material for total joint replacement--tissue biocompatibility of an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene-graphite composite.

A new prosthetic material, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene graphite, was developed for use in total joint replacement and found to exhibit 1/7–1/30 lower wear rate than UHMW polyethylene bearing against Vitallium alloy. A preliminary study was undertaken to test the biocompatibility of the new material. Specimens of 316L stainless steel, high-purity graphite, UHMW polyethylene, and the composite material were implanted in rabbits and cynomologous monkeys. The materials were evaluated in both solid and particulate forms after implantation in bone, joint cavities, and paravertebral muscles. The tissue reactions to the materials were noted at time intervals from 6 weeks to 1 year. All materials showed good tissue acceptance in solid form. The UHMW polyethylene and the composite material were noted to be more reactive than either the high-purity graphite alone or the stainless steel when in particulate form. The eventual use of the polyethylene graphite composite in total hip arthroplasties is suggested by virtue of its identical biocompatibility with UHMW polyethylene. In addition, its superior wear resistance, and hence low volume of wear debris particles presented to the surrounding tissues would offer an advantage in terms of longevity of the implant both mechanically and biologically.
On the equivalence of the sequent peak algorithm and the linear programming method for determining the capacity of a single reservoir

Abstract With the standard assumptions of known inflows and requirements and final storage equal to or exceeding initial storage, the linear programming approach to determining the capacity of a single reservoir is equivalent to the sequent peak algorithm in that they must produce the same reservoir capacity. The sequence of storages and spills is not unique; the usual version of the sequent peak algorithm produces one sequence, while the linear programming approach may produce that sequence or some other. The subsequence of storages during critical drawdown periods must be the same, however. There exists a unique operating policy for a reservoir of minimum required capacity if one of two conditions is met: (1) the average inflow equals the average requirement; (2) all refill cycles are exactly one season long. An iterative method of accounting for evaporation losses in the sequent peak algorithm can be used; it has been found in practice to converge to the same reservoir capacity as that found by linear programming.
ClassifyingC*-algebras via ordered, mod-p K-theory

We introduce an order structure on K 0 ( ) 9 K0(; Z/p ) . This group may also be thought of as Ko(; 7z @ Z/p ) . We exhibit new examples of real-rank zero C*-algebras that are inductive limits of finite dimensional and dimension-drop algebras, have the same ordered, graded K-theory with order unit and yet are not isomorphic. In fact they are not even stably shape equivalent. The order structure on K0(; Z ~3 Z / p ) naturally distinguishes these algebras. The same invariant is used to give an isomorphism theorem for such realrank zero inductive limits. As a corollary we obtain an isomorphism theorem for all real-rank zero approximately homogeneous C*-algebras that arise from systems of bounded dimension growth and torsion-free K0 group. At the 1980 Kingston conference, Effros posed the problem of finding suitable invariants for use in studying C*-algebras that are limits of sequences of homogeneous C*-algebras. These are now called almost homogeneous (AH) C*-algebras. The classification of AH algebras is a rapidly developing field and we will not attempt to summarize all this activity. Instead, we will focus on the growth of the invariants used. Specifically, we consider an AH algebra A that is the direct limit o f a system of the form
Concurrent Validity of the Academic Locus of Control Scale.

In three studies of college students, significant correlations in the predicted direction were found between criterion process variables related to academic success and scores on the Academic Locus of Control (ALC) Scale. The criterion variables included verbal class participation, study time, and homework completion. Although the correlations were small, accounting for between 10% and 21% of the ALC variance, the validity of the scale was supported.
Laser Cavity Density Changes with Kinetics of Energy Release

Inherent in any lasing process involving three or more energy levels is the release of heat. The heat is the inefficiency implied in the definition of laser quantum efficiency. In supersonic flow the heat release causes compression waves and a wake, thereby perturbing the gas density. Gas density variations within the laser cavity degrade the beam quality. A comprehensive analysis was made using an extension of the Tsien-Beilock linearized solution for heat addition. A computer program has been developed which incorporates multiple wall reflections, arbitrary beam cross section, and finite kinetics for the transition from the lower laser level to the ground state. Several examples are discussed. Uniform energy release in a rectangular cavity without reflections and without lag for heat addition, with lag and no reflections, and with both lag and reflections has been calculated. A rectangular cavity with a gaussian energy release distribution without lag and with reflections and with both lag and wall reflections has been analyzed. This case is representative of a master-oscillator-power-amplifier arrangement. Finally an energy release distribution in the shape of a crescent was calculated. The crescent was located with convex side upstream and with the peak upstream of the cavity axis. Fractional density perturbation greater than 1% was found for typical conditions in a gas dynamic laser. Larger perturbations would be expected in lasers with a larger output.
Chemoprevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is responsible for approximately one-sixth of all cancer-related mortality worldwide. This malignancy has a multifactorial etiology involving several environmental, dietary and genetic factors. Since esophageal cancer has often metastasized at the time of diagnosis, current treatment modalities offer poor survival and cure rates. Chemoprevention offers a viable alternative that could well be effective against the disease. Clinical investigations have shown that primary chemoprevention of this disease is feasible if potent inhibitory agents are identified. The Fischer 344 (F-344) rat model of esophageal SCC has been used extensively to investigate the biology of the disease, and to identify chemopreventive agents that could be useful in human trials. Multiple compounds that inhibit tumor initiation by esophageal carcinogens have been identified using this model. These include several isothiocyanates, diallyl sulfide and polyphenolic compounds. These compounds influence the metabolic activation of esophageal carcinogens resulting in reduced genetic (DNA) damage. Recently, a few agents have been shown to inhibit the progression of preneoplastic lesions in the rat esophagus into tumors. These agents include inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and c-Jun [a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1)]. Using a food-based approach to cancer prevention, we have shown that freeze-dried berry preparations inhibit both the initiation and promotion/progression stages of esophageal SCC in F-344 rats. These observations have led to a clinical trial in China to evaluate the ability of freeze-dried strawberries to influence the progression of esophageal dysplasia to SCC.
Predictive Simulation of Human Walk-to-Run Transition

A general optimization formulation for walk-to-run transition prediction using 3D skeletal model is presented. The walk-to-run transition is used to connect fast walking to slow running by using a step-to-step transition formulation. Walk-to-run transition includes four phases: double support walking phase, single support swinging phase, running phase, and finally single support running phase. The transition task is formulated as an optimization problem in which the dynamic effort is minimized subject to basic physical constraints. The joint torques and ground reaction forces (GRF) are recovered and analyzed from the simulation. The optimal solution of transition simulation is obtained in a few minutes by using predictive dynamics method.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Interaction between the d -Shells in the Transition Metals. III. Calculation of the Weiss Factors in Fe, Co, and Ni

Estimates are made of the Weiss factors for Fe, Co, and Ni using the author's previously proposed theory of indirect coupling via the conduction electrons. In this estimate use is made of only (i) the spectroscopic data for the coupling between the spin of the outer $4s$ electron and the spin of the inner incomplete $3d$ shell for the isolated atoms, (ii) the Hartree solution for the isolated Fe atom, (iii) the assumption that the conduction electrons behave as a free electron gas, (iv) the assumption that the direct coupling between adjacent $d$ shells is negligible. The computed Weiss factors increase in the series Fe, Co, Ni in the same manner as do the empirical factors, but are somewhat larger. This discrepancy is in the right direction demanded by the previously proposed postulate that the direct interaction between adjacent $d$-shells always tends to an antiferromagnetic alignment.
Immune elimination of autologous senescent erythrocytes by Kupffer cells in vivo

It has been shown previously that autologous monocytes recognize and phagocytose aging self-erythrocytes in vitro. The recognition requires the presence of an autoantibody present in all normal serum. Herein a similar mechanism of recognition and immune elimination of senescent erythrocytes in vivo is reported. When autologous rabbit red blood cells (RBCs), aged either in vivo or neuraminidase-treated young, were reinjected into the animal, most of the old RBCs were trapped in the liver while the majority of the young cells lodged in the spleen. Following reinjection of aging RBCs, the activity of microsomal heme oxygenase enzyme of the liver tissue increased greater than fourfold, suggesting erythrophagocytosis activity of Kupffer cells.
Simple epidermoid cysts of testis

Abstract Four cases of simple epidermoid cysts of the testis are described, and the entity is discussed.
Cancellation of the abnormal QRS complex of heart disease.

Abstract 1. 1. Mirror patterns were found on the body surface for normal and abnormal QRS complexes in sixty-two patients, using a precision cancellation technique. Cancellations were 85 per cent or better in 90 per cent of the patients; the poorest cancellation was 81 per cent. 2. 2. Existence of mirror patterns of QRS complexes indicates the dipolar nature of the electrical behavior of the heart during the period of ventricular depolarization. 3. 3. In a patient with right bundle branch block locations and amplitudes of the mirror patterns were predictable from a model with a properly located dipole. 4. 4. Localized electrocardiographic QRS patterns on the chest wall are not due to localized currents from subadjacent myocardium, but rather to alteration of the equivalent heart dipole.
A numerical simulation of a vortex convected through a laminar premixed flame

Abstract A numerical study was conducted to understand how a vortex, when convected at moderate speeds across a premixed flame, can induce velocities that pull the flame along with the vortex, causing flame elongation and unsteady flame stretch. If the vortex-induced velocity that opposes flame motion is sufficiently large, the flame cannot propagate over the vortex and thus temporarily remains attached to the moving vortex. A flame attachment criterion is discussed; when the criterion is met the vortex forms cusps and pockets in the flame structure similar to those observed experimentally. The net result of increasing the vortex convection velocity is to reduce the residence time of the vortex in the flame, which reduces the degree of flame wrinkling. Vortex pairs that exert an extensive strain on the flame were found to have significantly longer residence times of interaction than vortices that exert compressive strain; this difference in residence time helps to explain why extensive strain on a flame is more probable in turbulent flames than compressive strain. The calculated images of the laminar flame shape show encouraging agreement with experiment, which is another indication that flame-interface simulations are a promising way to represent very wrinkled turbulent premixed flames in a numerically efficient manner.
MeV energy sulfur implantation in GaAs and InP

Room temperature and elevated temperature sulfur implants were performed into semi-insulating GaAs and InP at variable energies and fluences. The implantations were performed in the energy range 1–16 MeV. Range statistics of sulfur in InP and GaAs were calculated from the secondary ion mass spectrometry atomic concentration depth profiles and were compared with TRIM92 values. Slight in-diffusion of sulfur was observed in both InP and GaAs at higher annealing temperatures for room temperature implants. Little or no redistribution of sulfur was observed for elevated temperature implants. Elevated temperature implants showed higher activations and higher mobilities compared to room temperature implants in both GaAs and InP after annealing. Higher peak electron concentrations were observed in sulfur-implanted InP (n ≈ 1 × 1019 cm−3) compared to GaAs (n ≈ 2 × 1018 cm−3). The doping profile for a buried n+ layer (n ≈ 3.5 × 1018 cm−3) of a positive-intrinsic-negative diode in GaAs was produced by using Si/S coimplantation.
Coping with Amputation

Surgery of any kind is accompanied by fantasies of helplessness, mutilation, loss of control, body image distortion, castration, rejection and death. All of these fantasies, in or out of awareness, create massive anxiety leading to certain behaviors characteristic of an individual's coping style. For the lower limb amputee, a number of these fantasies become real. The person who has lost a leg needs to depend upon others at least until he has mastered a prosthesis. He must confront not only the physical reality of mutilation, but also the body image changes associated with it and the personal meanings they carry. He must integrate the idea of being "different" so that he may comfortably continue with life. In their work with amputees, both authors have found that some people have greater difficulty than others in accomplishing these tasks. The coping styles which lead to successful coping with an amputation and the other variables that contribute to this success have not been clearly described in the lite...
Tongue-in-Cheek: Using Wireless Signals to Enable Non-Intrusive and Flexible Facial Gestures Detection

Serious brain injuries, spinal injuries, and motor neuron diseases often lead to severe paralysis. Individuals with such disabilities can benefit from interaction techniques that enable them to interact with the devices and thereby the world around them. While a number of systems have proposed tongue-based gesture detection systems, most of these systems require intrusive instrumentation of the user's body (e.g., tongue piercing, dental retainers, multiple electrodes on chin). In this paper, we propose a wireless, non-intrusive and non-contact facial gesture detection system using X-band Doppler. The system can accurately differentiate between 8 different facial gestures through non-contact sensing, with an average accuracy of 94.3%.
Ten Years of California Distributed Combined Heat and Power: Living Up to Expectations

In the last 20 years, emerging technologies such as fuel cells and microturbines have contributed to growth in the market for combined heat and power (CHP) in small-scale (5–5,000 kW) applications. Numerous studies utilizing performance assumptions have explored the theoretical potential for distributed CHP to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however actual performance may differ from expectations. Incentive programs in several states are beginning to yield information about actual (as opposed to potential) performance of small-scale CHP. This paper leverages over ten years of metered data from more than 500 different projects rebated by one such program: California’s Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP). The population of projects includes established technologies (internal combustion engines, gas turbines) as well as emerging technologies. Performance measures examined include efficiencies, utilization, and GHG emissions impacts. A variety of Federal and State policies seek to increase the amount of small-scale distributed CHP in the coming years. It is imperative that knowledge about actual performance gleaned from metered data collected during the past decade be shared widely so that CHP’s potential to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions is actually realized in the future.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Assessing the quality of steady-state visual-evoked potentials for moving humans using a mobile electroencephalogram headset.

Recent advances in mobile electroencephalogram (EEG) systems, featuring non-prep dry electrodes and wireless telemetry, have urged the needs of mobile brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for applications in our daily life. Since the brain may behave differently while people are actively situated in ecologically-valid environments versus highly-controlled laboratory environments, it remains unclear how well the current laboratory-oriented BCI demonstrations can be translated into operational BCIs for users with naturalistic movements. Understanding inherent links between natural human behaviors and brain activities is the key to ensuring the applicability and stability of mobile BCIs. This study aims to assess the quality of steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which is one of promising channels for functioning BCI systems, recorded using a mobile EEG system under challenging recording conditions, e.g., walking. To systemati-cally explore the effects of walking locomotion on the SSVEPs, this study instructed subjects to stand or walk on a treadmill running at speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mile (s) per hour (MPH) while con-currently perceiving visual flickers (11 and 12 Hz). Empirical results of this study showed that the SSVEP amplitude tended to deteriorate when subjects switched from standing to walking. Such SSVEP suppression could be attributed to the walking locomotion, leading to distinctly deteriorated SSVEP detectability from standing (84.87±13.55%) to walking (1 MPH: 83.03±13.24%, 2 MPH: 79.47±13.53%, and 3 MPH: 75.26±17.89%). These findings not only demonstrated the applicability and limitations of SSVEPs recorded from freely behaving humans in realistic environments, but also provide useful methods and techniques for boosting the translation of the BCI technology from laboratory demonstrations to practical applications.
A short synthesis of the antimitotic allylic diepoxide functional array of spatol

Abstract An α-lithio epoxide intermediate provides a highly stereocontrolled synthesis of the spatol allylic diepoxide, a functional array that is uniquely effective at inhibiting mitosis.
Fine structure of the spermathecal gland of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)☆

Abstract The secretion of the spermathecal gland, an epidermal derivative, has been suggested as the source of nutrients for the sperm which are stored in the spermatheca. This secretion is also necessary for spermathecal filling. The gland consists of 2 types of cells, secretory cells and collecting or ductule cells. The products of the secretory cells are deposited in a central cavity lined with microvilli. The collecting ductule extends into the central cavity and the secretory products move down the ductule into the central lumen of the gland. The contents of the gland are then deposited in the spermatheca. The ductules, ducts and the central lumen of the gland are lined with cuticle, as is the spermatheca. The secretion of the glands from weevils less than 24-hr old apparently differs from those of 3-day old weevils.
Studies directed towards the total synthesis of FK-506 preparation of a C(1) to C(15) segment

Abstract The protected C(1) to C(15) segment of FK-506 has been prepared from D-glucose, glycolic and L-pipecolic acid.