cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus, race and the odds of high grade prostate cancer in men treated with radiation therapy.

Purpose: Black men present more frequently with high grade prostate cancer and are more likely to have diabetes mellitus. We evaluated whether there is an independent association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of high grade prostate cancer in men diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with radiation therapy.Materials and Methods: A polychotomous logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was associated with the odds of Gleason score 7 or 8–10 prostate cancer in a cohort of 16,286 men, adjusting for black race, advancing age, prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination findings.Results: Black men (adjusted OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08–3.13, p = 0.024) and nonblack men (adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.33–1.89, p <0.001) with diabetes were more likely to have Gleason score 8–10 vs 6 or less prostate cancer than nondiabetic men. However, this was not true for Gleason score 7 vs 6 or less prostate cancer. Black race was significantly associated w...
Evaluating Radar Detection Probabilities by Steepest Descent Integration

The probability of detection for radars employing noncoherent integration and a fixed threshold or cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) processor is computed by numerical contour integration in the complex plane. The technique is applied to both nonfluctuating and chi-squared fluctuating targets. A bound on the truncation error allows for a simple stopping rule for the numerical integration. The method has applicability to many problems in radar detection theory.
The Current State of Motivation to Read Among Middle School Students

This study examined middle school students’ motivation to read using an adapted version of the Motivation to Read Profile (MRP) Survey. The MRP is comprised of items assessing students’ self-concepts as readers and their value of reading. In total, 1080 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students responded. Descriptive and inferential statistics were derived in order to assess overall motivation to read, self-concept, and value of reading. Findings revealed that students’ motivation to read and value of reading declined as grade level increased and differed according to gender. However, self-concept remained stable and was greater than students’ value of reading.
Competitive C-H bond activation and beta-hydride elimination at platinum(II).

Thermolysis of the five-coordinate Pt(IV) complex (AnIm)Pt(CH3)3 (1b) (AnIm = [o-C6H4{N(C6H3iPr2)}(CH=NC6H3iPr2)]-) in benzene-d6 at 60 °C yields a new Pt(II) olefin hydride complex (2b-d27). For the AnIm complexes and their nacnac analogues, intermolecular arene C−H bond activation is found to be faster than intramolecular β-hydride elimination at 60 °C. In contrast, intermolecular alkane activation is slow relative to β-hydride elimination at 60 °C. Although AnIm and nacnac complexes have similar structures and spectral features, modification of the bidentate nitrogen ligand backbone from nacnac to AnIm dramatically increases the rate of ethane reductive elimination from the five-coordinate platinum(IV) complex and decreases the rate of olefin insertion at the platinum(II) olefin hydride complex.
The Importance of Being Accountable: The Relationship between Perceptions of Accountability, Knowledge, and Attitude toward Plant Genetic Engineering

Constructs derived from Schlenker's triangle model of accountability were used to explore the relationship between perceptions of the accountability of government, industry, and the regulatory proc...
Forcing and Friction Effects on Vertically Propagating Waves in the Equatorial Oceans

Analyse de la reponse oceanique equatoriale lineaire a un forcage du a une tension, en termes d'ondes se propageant verticalement. Obtention d'une nouvelle projection d'une composante unique des ondes de Fourier sur les fonctions propres meridiennes de l'equation de pression. Elle demontre que la solution est reguliere et non singuliere aux latitudes inertielles, et parait plus pratique a utiliser que la projection correspondante sur les fonctions de l'equation de vitesse meridienne. Spectre en nombres d'ondes obtenu a partir de l'equation de structure verticale forcee, pour le choix entre 4 profils verticaux de la force de volume. Il s'avere insensible au profil particulier choisi. La projection est ensuite utilisee pour etudier l'effet du forcage et de l'amortissement lineaire sur la propagation verticale de l'energie transformee dans l'espace-temps, propagation sous forme de 3 modes: ondes de Kelvin, ondes premieres de Rossby, ondes mixtes de Rossby-gravite, lorsque la frequence de flottabilite est constante, la decroissance energetique est exponentielle suivant la profondeur avec un coefficient proportionnel a l'amortissement. Les effets lineaires d'amortissement sont tres differents sur chaque onde progressive verticale ou stationnaire verticale
Oralair®: sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of grass pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Oralair® is a sublingual grass pollen immunotherapy tablet that was authorized for use in Europe on 26 November 2009 and is currently in Phase III clinical trials in the USA. It is indicated for the management of grass pollen allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis in adults, adolescents and children (above the age of 5) with clinically relevant symptoms, confirmed by a positive cutaneous test and/or a positive titer of the specific IgE to the grass pollen. Treatment is composed of an initiation phase (3-day dose escalation: 100 IR [index of reactivity] on day 1, 200 IR on day 2 and 300 IR on day 3) and a continuation phase at a dosage of 300 IR/day. Treatment is scheduled to start approximately 4 months before the actual start of the pollen season and should be continued throughout the season. The treatment should be prescribed and initiated by an experienced allergy specialist.
Digital libraries and the continuum of scholarly communication

This article explores the relationship between scholarly communication, an established research area receiving renewed interest, and digital libraries, a relatively new area of research. Scholarship is inherently a social process and it is embedded in a structure of relationships with other scholars, with scholarly societies, and with publishers and libraries. These stakeholders agree that the relationship has become unbalanced with the advent of electronic publishing, digital libraries, computer networks and associated changes in pricing, intellectual property policies and contracts, but they do not agree on solutions to redress the balance. Several problems worthy of research lie at the intersection of scholarly communication processes and digital libraries. These include the ability of digital libraries to support the cycle of information seeking, using and creating; the ‘social life’ of documents; and electronic publishing. Other interesting problems exist at the intersection of structures of scholarly communication and digital libraries. These include increased interdependency of scholarly documents, as links are embedded between documents, both within and between digital libraries; the indefinite preservation of digital documents; business models for electronic publishing and digital libraries; and conflicts between the physical and virtual aspects of libraries.
Internal structure of Planum Boreum, from Mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionospheric sounding data

[1] An investigation of the internal structure of the ice-rich Planum Boreum (PB) deposit at the north pole of Mars is presented, using 178 orbits of Mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionospheric sounding data. For each radargram, bright, laterally extensive surface and subsurface reflectors are identified and the time delay between them is converted to unit thicknesses, using a real dielectric constant of 3. Results include maps of unit thickness, for PB and its two constituent units, the stratigraphically older basal unit (BU) and the stratigraphically younger north polar layered deposits (NPLD). Maps of the individual units' surface elevation are also provided. Estimates of water ice volume in each unit are (1.3 ± 0.2) × 106 km3 in PB, (7.8 ± 1.2) × 105 km3 in the NPLD, and (4.5 ± 1.0) × 105 km3 in the BU. No lithospheric deflection is apparent under PB, in agreement with previous findings for only the Gemina Lingula lobe, which suggests that a thick elastic lithosphere has existed at the north pole of Mars since before the emplacement of the BU. The extent of BU material in the Olympia Planum lobe of PB is directly detected, providing a more accurate map of BU extent than previously available from imagery and topography. A problematic area for mapping the BU extent and thickness is in the distal portion of the 290°E–300°E region, where MARSIS data show no subsurface reflectors, even though the BU is inferred to be present from other lines of evidence.
Water's place in Au catalysis

The discovery of highly active gold catalysts for CO oxidation (CO + ½O2 → CO2) about 25 years ago ( 1 ) ignited substantial interest in the use of gold as a catalyst. Yet, this seemingly simple reaction has proven to be quite complicated. No consensus exists regarding the mechanism by which gold catalyzes CO oxidation. Confounding the understanding of this process was the discovery that incorporation of minute quantities of water in the reactant feed stream can increase catalytic activity by up to several orders of magnitude ( 2 ). Many conflicting reports have been proposed for the role of water in the CO oxidation reaction. On page 1599 of this issue, Saavedra et al. ( 3 ) present a compelling mechanism that ties together the conclusions of many of these reports.
Reply to comment on our paper “evolution of tidal creek networks in a high sedimentation environment: A 5-year experiment at Tijuana Estuary, California”

We appreciate the interest in our article on the Friendship Marsh and the opportunity to clarify further our work in this 8-ha field experiment in topographic heterogeneity (three areas with tidal creeks, three without). In the abstract, we stated our purposes, the second of which was, "to test the need to excavate creeks during salt marsh restoration" (Wallace 2005, p. 795). Because need is a general concept (it could refer to cost or ecosystem functioning, or other metrics), we clarified the domain of our study in the introduction by listing hypotheses and questions. All of these concerned the physical effects of adding creeks (none addresses valuation of costs and benefits). Wallace et al. (2005, p. 796) stated, "We tested the hypothesis that cells with excavated creeks would develop different creek network and marsh surface characteristics by addressing the following questions: What variables affect tidal creek development? How do creek crosssectional area and creek length differ in cells with and without excavated creeks? How, and at what rate, do excavated creeks adjust toward equilibrium morphologies and drainage density of reference systems? What variables affect marsh surface development? Do vertical accretion and changes in surface elevation differ in areas with and without excavated creeks? How do excavated creeks affect the development of tidal prism in comparison to reference sites?".
An algorithm for self calibration from several views

This paper gives a practical algorithm for the self-calibration of a camera from several views. The method involves non-iterative methods for finding an initial calibration for the camera, followed by least-squares iteration to an optimum solution. At the same time, a scaled Euclidean reconstruction of the scene appearing in the images is computed. >
A Reconfigurable 8T Ultra-Dynamic Voltage Scalable (U-DVS) SRAM in 65 nm CMOS

In modern ICs, the trend of integrating more on-chip memories on a die has led SRAMs to account for a large fraction of total area and energy of a chip. Therefore, designing memories with dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) capability is important since significant active as well as leakage power savings can be achieved by voltage scaling. However, optimizing circuit operation over a large voltage range is not trivial due to conflicting trade-offs of low-voltage (moderate and weak inversion) and high-voltage (strong inversion) transistor characteristics. Specifically, low-voltage operation requires various assist circuits for functionality which might severely impact high-voltage performance. Reconfigurable assist circuits provide the necessary adaptability for circuits to adjust themselves to the requirements of the voltage range that they are operating in. This paper presents a 64 kb reconfigurable SRAM fabricated in 65 nm low-power CMOS process operating from 250 mV to 1.2 V. This wide supply range was enabled by a combination of circuits optimized for both subthreshold and above-threshold regimes and by employing hardware reconfigurability. Three different write-assist schemes can be selectively enabled to provide write functionality down to very low voltage levels while preventing excessive power overhead. Two different sense-amplifiers are implemented to minimize sensing delay over a large voltage range. A prototype test chip is tested to be operational at 20 kHz with 250 mV supply and 200 MHz with 1.2 V supply. Over this range leakage power scales by more than 50 X and a minimum energy point is achieved at 0.4 V with less than 0.1 pJ/bit/access.
Parameter Governing Thin Film Adhesion-Delamination in the Transition from DMT- to JKR-Limit

Professor David A. Dillard and his collaborators invented the constrained blister and the related punch test for characterizing thin film adhesion-delamination and the disjoining pressure at the interface of a clamped membrane and a rigid substrate. A new dimensionless parameter, ψs = [6(1 − ν)a 4/γ3 Eh]1/4 p, relating the membrane dimensions (radius, a, and thickness, h), materials properties (elastic modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, ν), and adhesion (interface energy, γ, and disjoining pressure, p), is shown to account for the transition from the long range surface force limit with small ψ (Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov, DMT) to the short range limit with large ψ (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts, JKR). This parameter serves as a flexible membrane counterpart to the classical Tabor's parameter for adhesion in bulk solids. An alternative form is defined for thick circular plate under bending, ψb = [6(1 − ν)a 4/γEh 3]1/2 p. Three case studies, namely, the standard pressurized blister, the constrained blister, and the p...
Fewer, Richer, Greener: The End of the Population Explosion and the Future for Investors

The population explosion is almost over, with fertility below the replacement rate in many advanced countries and rapidly declining in most developing countries. In the next half century, economic growth will be robust, especially in developing countries, and will increase world wealth dramatically. These factors will make it easier, not harder, to preserve the natural environment and avoid resource shortages. Investors should focus on natural resources and other industries that will benefit from these trends.
Engineering Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Derivative Strains To Minimize E. coli Protein Contamination after Purification by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Recombinant His-tagged proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) are commonly coeluted with native E. coli proteins, especially if the recombinant protein is expressed at a low level. The E. coli contaminants display high affinity to divalent nickel or cobalt ions, mainly due to the presence of clustered histidine residues or biologically relevant metal binding sites. To improve the final purity of expressed His-tagged protein, we engineered E. coli BL21(DE3) expression strains in which the most recurring contaminants are either expressed with an alternative tag or mutated to decrease their affinity to divalent cations. The current study presents the design, engineering, and characterization of two E. coli BL21(DE3) derivatives, NiCo21(DE3) and NiCo22(DE3), which express the endogenous proteins SlyD, Can, ArnA, and (optionally) AceE fused at their C terminus to a chitin binding domain (CBD) and the protein GlmS, with six surface histidines replaced by alanines. We show that each E. coli CBD-tagged protein remains active and can be efficiently eliminated from an IMAC elution fraction using a chitin column flowthrough step, while the modification of GlmS results in loss of affinity for nickel-containing resin. The "NiCo" strains uniquely complement existing methods for improving the purity of recombinant His-tagged protein.
Support-specific modulation of grip force in individuals with hemiparesis.

Aruin AS. Support-specific modulation of grip force in individuals with hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:768-75. Objective: To investigate whether use of auxiliary sensory input will result in modulated grip force. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Free-standing acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Six people with unilateral hemiparesis due to unilateral stroke and 6 control subjects without neurologic disorders. Interventions: Seated subjects lifted and transported the same object under 3 different conditions: with no support, with the target arm positioned on a freely moving skateboard, and with a finger from the subject's contralateral hand lightly touching the wrist of the target arm. Main Outcome Measures: Peak grip force and temporal coupling between the grip force and lift-off of the object. Results: All subjects were able to better regulate grip force when provided with additional sensory input. Light finger touch resulted in decreased grip force, as did skateboard use (P.05). Subjects with hemiparesis showed 2 times longer latency between grip-force application and lift-off of the object
Phonon effects on the cyclotron resonance for a many-body system: A generalized quantum Langevin equation approach

Abstract We have recently developed a new approach to the derivation of quantum transport results for an interacting many-body system of electrons, impurities and phonons. Now, using a similar philosophy, the cyclotron resonance lineshape (CRLS) of an electron-phonon many-body system is studied by the generalized quantum Langevin equation approach, in which the memory function is obtained directly by solving the Heisenberg equation of the motion for the fluctuating density of relative electrons. Frequency dependent line shift and line width results, for the case of interacting electrons in the RPA approximation, are derived in a very simple way. A systematic study of the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the CRLS of a two dimensional electron-phonon system is performed. Two resonance peaks, due to the acoustic phonon adsorption and emission process, are found in the vicinity of the cyclotron resonance frequency.
Are Eating Disorders Culture-Bound Syndromes? Implications for Conceptualizing Their Etiology

The authors explore the extent to which eating disorders, specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), represent culture-bound syndromes and discuss implications for conceptualizing the role genes play in their etiology. The examination is divided into 3 sections: a quantitative meta-analysis of changes in incidence rates since the formal recognition of AN and BN, a qualitative summary of historical evidence of eating disorders before their formal recognition, and an evaluation of the presence of these disorders in non-Western cultures. Findings suggest that BN is a culture-bound syndrome and AN is not. Thus, heritability estimates for BN may show greater variability cross-culturally than heritability estimates for AN, and the genetic bases of these disorders may be associated with differential pathoplasticity.
Silicon nanotechnologies and emerging non-silicon nanoelectronics

This presentation summarizes some of the most recent Si innovations made for advanced CMOS transistors in the nanotechnology era. Through these Si nanotechnologies, it is expected that CMOS scaling and performance trends extend and continue well into the next decade. Additionally, there has been much interest generated recently in the research of non-silicon materials and nanoelectronic devices and their integration onto the existing Si platforms for future high-speed and low-power applications. The challenges and opportunities of these emerging non-Si nanotechnologies are also discussed in this presentation
A transistorized linear gate

Abstract A linear gate for scintillation spectroscopy is described. 1 4 % linearity, high temperature stability and small (0.03%) pedestal and feedthrough are achieved by negative feedback and subtraction of both signal and gate pulse error signals. circuit details are given.
Barium extravasation discovered some years after pyloromyotomy

Two children who had surgery for pyloric stenosis are presented. Each had an unusual density discovered on an abdominal plain radiograph taken at least a year after surgery for pyloric stenosis. Subsequent investigation showed that this density represented barium from the preoperative contrast studies that had apparently leaked into the soft tissues at the time of surgery but was not recognized at that time. This unusual complication has not been previously reported but could potentially be fairly common. Unnecessary diagnostic testing could be avoided by recognition that this complication does occur.
Studies of linear and nonlinear photoelectric emission for advanced accelerator applications

Various electron emission properties of accelerator photocathodes were studied using short pulse lasers. The quantum efficiencies (QEs) of copper and magnesium were compared before and after above-damage threshold laser cleaning. Changes in the emission properties of copper photocathodes used in the UCLA RF photoinjector gun were observed by mapping the QEs of the cathode surfaces. The electron yield of thin copper films resulting from back-side illumination was measured. Multiphoton (nonlinear) emission was studied as a means of creating ultrashort electron bunches, and an RF gun Parmela simulation investigated the broadening of such pulses as they propagate down the beam line.
An investigation on the catalytic properties of titania–silica materials

Abstract Binary TiO 2 –SiO 2 mixed oxides display interesting catalytic properties which have not been attributed to the pure TiO 2 and SiO 2 . Many authors have proposed that Bronsted acidity is generated upon interaction of the two oxides. Recent results from our laboratories have demonstrated that high-purity crystalline and amorphous TiO 2 –SiO 2 mixed oxides do not possess Bronsted acidity, only Lewis acidity. We have investigated the catalytic properties for 1-butene isomerization up to 340 °C. High-purity TiO 2 , prepared with low temperature supercritical drying, has a high catalytic activity, close to that of the TiO 2 –SiO 2 . The reaction products obtained from TiO 2 and from TiO 2 –SiO 2 are identical and consist of linear butenes only, while Bronsted acid catalysts give rise to isobutylene and C 3 –C 5 hydrocarbons. These results suggest that nanoparticles of TiO 2 stabilized by SiO 2 are the active components of TiO 2 –SiO 2 . No evidence for Bronsted acidity in TiO 2 –SiO 2 has been found.
Identification of residues/sequences in the human riboflavin transporter-2 that is important for function and cell biology

Background Riboflavin (RF) is essential for normal cellular metabolic activities. Human cells obtain RF from their surroundings via a carrier-mediated process that involves RF transporters -1, -2 & -3 (hRFVT -1, -2 & -3; products of SLC52A1, -A2 and -A3 genes, respectively). Little is known about the structural features of these transporters that are important for their function/cell biology. Our aim in this study was to address these issues for the hRFVT-2, a transporter linked to the neurodegenerative disorder Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome (BVVLS).
Induction of rat WT1 gene expression correlates with human chromosome 11p11.2-p12-mediated suppression of tumorigenicity in rat liver epithelial tumor cell lines.

We have previously identified and mapped a locus within human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 that suppresses the tumorigenic potential of some rat liver tumor cell lines. In the present study, possible molecular mechanisms of human 11p11.2-p12-mediated liver tumor suppression were investigated by examining gene expression patterns in suppressed and non-suppressed microcell hybrid (MCH) cell lines. The parental rat liver tumor cell lines (GN6TF and GP7TB) express moderate levels of p53 mRNA and protein, overexpress mRNAs for c-H-ras, c-myc, and TGFa, and do not express detectable levels of WT1 mRNA or protein. Suppression of tumorigenicity by human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 was not accompanied by significant alterations in the levels of expression of p53, c-myc, or TGFa. Expression of c-H-ras was decreased significantly in both suppressed and non-suppressed MCH cell lines, suggesting that down-regulation of c-H-ras is not directly responsible for tumor suppression. In contrast, the level of expression of WT1 correlated precisely with tumor suppression in this model system. All suppressed MCH cell lines expressed WT1 mRNA and protein at levels comparable to that of untransformed rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344), whereas only trace WT1 mRNA and protein were detected in a non-suppressed MCH cell line. PCR analysis demonstrated that two suppressed MCH cell lines do not carry the human WT1 gene, indicating that WT1 expression in these lines originates from the rat locus. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed that each of the four known splice variants of the WT1 mRNA are expressed in these suppressed MCH cell lines, recapitulating the expression pattern observed in the untransformed rat liver epithelial cells. Re-expression of tumorigenicity by suppressed MCH cell lines was accompanied by the coordinate loss of human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 and of WT1 gene expression, suggesting that one or more human 11p11.2-p12 genes are required for sustained expression of WT1 in these cell lines. Together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism governing human chromosome 11p11.2-p12-mediated liver tumor suppression may involve induction of rat WT1 gene expression under the direct or indirect transcriptional regulation of a genetic locus (or loci) on human 11p11.2-p12.
Rash with Both Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine in Two Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Eluting Stents

Objective:To describe 2 cases of rash that occurred following oral administration of both clopidogrel and ticlopidine and to review previously published case reports.Case Summary:Two patients developed maculopapular pruritic rashes that began on the abdomen and spread to the back, neck, and face following clopidogrel administration after placement of a drug-eluting intracoronary stent. Following recurrence of the rash after ticlopidine was initiated, thienopyridines were discontinued, and the patients were treated for 3–6 months with aspirin, cilostazol, and enoxaparin or warfarin for prevention of stent thrombosis and reinfarction. One patient self-discontinued cilostazol, reinitiated clopidogrel, and redeveloped a rash.Discussion:While there have been several published cases of thienopyridine-associated rash, there have been only 2 reported cases of cross-sensitivity between orally administered clopidogrel and ticlopidine. Preliminary reports suggest that clopidogrel desensitization may be accomplished ...
Is there a single best estimator? Selection of home range estimators using area-under-the-curve

Global positioning system (GPS) technology for monitoring home range and movements of wildlife has resulted in prohibitively large sample sizes of locations for traditional estimators of home range. We used area-under-the-curve to explore the fit of 8 estimators of home range to data collected with both GPS and concurrent very high frequency (VHF) technology on a terrestrial mammal, the Florida panther Puma concolor coryi, to evaluate recently developed and traditional estimators. Area-under-the-curve was the highest for Florida panthers equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology compared to VHF technology. For our study animal, estimators of home range that incorporated a temporal component to estimation performed better than traditional first- and second-generation estimators. Comparisons of fit of home range contours with locations collected would suggest that use of VHF technology is not as accurate as GPS technology to estimate size of home range for large mammals. Estimators of home range collected with GPS technology performed better than those estimated with VHF technology regardless of estimator used. Furthermore, estimators that incorporate a temporal component (third-generation estimators) appeared to be the most reliable regardless of whether kernel-based or Brownian bridge-based algorithms were used and in comparison to first- and second-generation estimators. We defined third-generation estimators of home range as any estimator that incorporates time, space, animal-specific parameters, and habitat. Such estimators would include movement-based kernel density, Brownian bridge movement models, and dynamic Brownian bridge movement models among others that have yet to be evaluated.
Measurements of pernitric acid at the South Pole during ISCAT 2000

[1] The first measurements of pernitric acid at the South Pole were performed during the second Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere (ISCAT 2000). Observed HO2NO2 concentrations averaged 25 pptv. Simple steady-state calculations constrained by measurements show that the lifetime of pernitric acid was largely controlled by dry deposition, with thermal decomposition becoming increasingly important at warmer temperatures. We determined that the pernitric acid equilibrium constant is less uncertain than indicated in the literature. One consequence of pernitric acid deposition to the snow surface is that it is an important sink for both NOx and HOx. Another is that the photochemistry of HO2NO2 in the Antarctic snowpack may be a NOx source in addition to nitrate photolysis. This might be one of the important differences in snow photochemistry between the South Pole and warmer polar sites.
A FAMILY WITH HEMOGLOBIN. I.

Hemoglobin I was recently found in a Negro family. The amino acid substitution was shown to occur in the sixteenth residue of the α chain (lys → asp) and to be identical with hemoglobin I described by Murayama.10 The minor component, I2, was demonstrated by agar gel electrophoresis.
Distributed MAC for connectivity maximization of interference limited un-coordinated DSA networks

In this paper, we propose a medium access control (MAC) protocol to maximize the connectivity for an un-coordinated secondary dynamic spectrum access network under the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) regime. We use concepts from percolation theory to obtain the optimal deployment density for secondary nodes. We argue that the optimal connectivity under the SINR regime can be improved if a fraction of the nodes transmit at a given time. Thus, the proposed MAC is based on distributed Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) where all nodes randomly choose a time slot to transmit on, a phenomenon similar to the Poisson blinking model. We find the optimal number of slots for the super-frame that includes the sensing, contention, and transmission phases. The performance of the proposed MAC is evaluated via simulations. We show how the proposed MAC adaptively adjusts the super-frame as the density of secondary varies. We also show the connectivity and throughput achieved for various network settings.1
Percutaneous tissue ablation by radiofrequency thermal energy as a prelim to tumour ablation

Porcine hepatic tissue was ablated in vitro and in vivo with radiofrequency (RF) energy applied through various percutaneous probes. Ultrasound was used for guidance. The technique was assessed for potential use to ablate tumours percutaneously. Tissue ablation was performed in two porcine cadaver and six live piglet livers in various experiments, three RF generators with either bipolar gold probes, 18–22 gauge modified angiocath needles, titanium curved and spiral 0.018″ guidewires, three-pronged grabber baskets, and/or a thermistor (temperature-controlled) probe were used to induce the RF effect with simultaneous assessment by real-time ultrasound. Gross and microscopic analysis of the liver was undertaken after acute sacrifice of the animals. The hepatic tissue that surrounded the probe after RF energy application became increasingly echogenic sonographically. The size of the echogenic area on ultrasound corresponded to the size of the thermal lesion on gross and microscopic examination. Thermal lesion...
Cultivating celebrity through public relations

Although there has been an increase in research on celebrity, Turner (2010, p. 13) argues that there is not a ‘great deal of depth or variety in academic writing’. He believes that there needs to b...
Hidden voices: L2 students’ compensatory writing strategies

ABSTRACTThis qualitative research study examines how 12 undergraduate second-language learners understood the concept of citations in academic writing. The following questions guided this study: What are the participants’ beliefs about citing research? How do students conceive the role and function of citations in their writing assignments? How do they make decisions about what and what not to cite? Results indicated that students believed that citations were a superficial accessory to the main text and only cited information to comply with teacher directives, thereby, sacrificing their own empowerment in the writing process. To overcome their unfamiliarity with academic prose, students created specific compensatory writing strategies. Although this study included only L2 students, the findings are consistent with the research involving monolingual students. This research can inform educators about the need to engage undergraduate students in participatory discussions about the role, function, and power o...
Editorial Algorithms: Using Social Media to Discover and Report Local News.

The role of algorithms in the detection, curation and broadcast of news is becoming increasingly prevalent. To better understand this role we developed CityBeat, a system that implements what we call “editorial algorithms” to find possible news events. This fully functional system collects real time geo-tagged information from social media, finds key stories, makes an editorial decision whether these events are of interest and eventually visualizes these stories on a big screen display. The system was designed in collaboration with journalists and tested at four New York City newsrooms. Our results show that while journalists were receptive to the idea of machine-generated news stories, the actual results of the system confirmed current concerns among journalists and researchers about the dangers of outsourcing news finding tasks to machines. This paper therefore exemplifies how news sourcing systems based on social media may favor specific type of news events, do not report results quickly enough, and cater to a biased population and interests.
UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone depletion and global warming potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a)

Abstract. The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235 nm over the temperature range 207–323 K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9–64.7), 51.5 (50.0–52.6), 55.4 (54.3–56.3), and 105.3 (102.9–107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2σ uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(1D) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon.
"Just Ask" for the ABCDEFG Campaign.

To the EditorWe read with interest the recent feature article by Heyland et al (1) and applaud their work on the important topic of care provided to our elderly patients who seek critical care services at the end of life (EOL). In particular, the findings that 1) 49% of those who died were still rec
Fuzzy techniques provide a theoretical explanation for the heuristic ℓ p -regularization of signals and images

One of the main techniques used to de-noise and deblur signals and images is regularization, which is based on the fact that signals and images are usually smoother than noise. Traditional Tikhonov regularization assumes that signals and images are differentiable, but, as Mandelbrot has shown in his fractal theory, many signals and images are not differentiable. To de-noise and de-blur such images, researchers have designed a heuristic method of lp-regularization.
Application of ITD and Random Decrement Method in Oscillation Characteristics Analysis of Interconnected Power Grid

Timely and accurate information of weakly-damped low-frequency oscillation characteristics is important to the stable operation of system. Ibrahim Time Domain( ITD) and random decrement method were proposed to processing wide area measurement signal and systematically study the oscillation characteristics of power system. Based on the basic principle introduction of this method,the power spectral properties of different types of signals measured in China Southern Power Grid( CSG) were compared,and the definition of ambient signal was presented. Then this approach was applied to the simulation data from the 36-node system and the measured data in CSG,in order to grasp the dynamic characteristics of the interconnected power grid from typical signals,realize the characteristic parameters identification of low-frequency oscillation in power system, which could lay a solid foundation for the timely and accurate grasp of the dynamic characteristics of interconnected power system based on wide area measurement signal.
Ten days of exercise training reduces glucose production and utilization during moderate-intensity exercise

We have previously shown that 12 wk of endurance training reduces the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) during submaximal exercise (Coggan, A. R., W. M. Kohrt, R. J. Spina, D. M. Bier, and J. O. Holl...
High School Students' Representations and Understandings of Electric Fields.

A preliminary investigation of Chinese high school students' productive resources for learning about electric fields.
Development and Evaluation of an Online Mental Health Program for Medical Students

OBJECTIVE Medical school presents a time of psychological distress for many students, who are less likely than the general population to seek mental health treatment due to multiple treatment barriers. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) programs may be an acceptable option for medical students. This study aims to assess acceptability and usability of ThinkFeelDo, an iCBT program, and to examine the impact of the program on perceived stress, quality of life, and the development of cognitive and behavioral coping skills. METHOD Fourteen medical students (M age = 25.4 years, 50% female) participated in the 6-week ThinkFeelDo program and completed baseline and end of treatment assessments. RESULTS ThinkFeelDo was used (login M = 11.9, SD = 9.8) and was rated as somewhat useful. Participants requested further refinement of lessons to better fit the typical narrative of a medical student and endorsed interest in the program being offered at the beginning of medical school. At end of program, participants increased the frequency with which they used cognitive and behavioral coping skills, t(10) = -3.400, p = .007. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that medical students are willing to utilize online mental health programs and may receive benefit. However, the sample was small, self-selected, and without a comparison group. Feedback collected through this study provides insight on how to effectively integrate iCBT programs into the medical school experience.
Transportation–Location Problem for a Solar Stove Distributing Nonprofit Organization

In this chapter, we describe a transportation–location problem faced by a nonprofit organization which requires an efficient plan for distributing solar stoves to a number of African countries. The main tradeoff in this problem is between local production costs and shipping costs. Shipment consolidation to mitigate spare container capacity and location of assembly plants are also considered. Multiple models and solution techniques are discussed throughout the chapter.
Antenatal and neonatal antecedents of learning limitations in 10-year old children born extremely preterm.

Abstract Background Children born extremely preterm are at increased risk of learning limitations. Aim To identify the antecedents of learning limitations of children born extremely preterm. Study design Prospective observational study from birth to age 10 years. Variables entered into the multinomial logistic regression analyses were ordered temporally, with the earliest occurring predictors/covariates of each learning limitation risk entered first and not displaced by later occurring covariates. Subjects 874 children who were born before the 28th week of gestation. Outcome measures A reading limitation was defined as a score one or more standard deviations below the expected mean on the WIAT-III Word Reading and a mathematics limitation was defined as a similarly low score on the Numerical Operations component. Results 56 children had a “reading ONLY” limitation, 132 children had a “math ONLY” limitation and 89 children had “reading AND math” limitations. All risk profiles included an indicator of socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., mother's “racial” identity and eligibility for government-provided health care insurance), an indicator of newborn's immaturity/vulnerability (e.g., high illness severity score, receipt of hydrocortisone, and/or ventilator-dependence at 36 weeks post-menstruation), and all but the math only limitation included an indicator of fetal growth restriction and inflammation (i.e., pregnancy urinary tract infection or late ventilator-dependence). Conclusions The themes of socioeconomic disadvantage and immaturity/vulnerability characterize all three risk profiles, while the themes of fetal growth restriction and inflammation are characteristic of a reading limitation only, and the reading and math limitations entity.
Minimizing occupational exposure to pesticides: Populations at exposure risk

Synthetic organic pesticides when used properly are of tremendous benefit to man and his environment, but when misused or used carelessly, they may cause considerable harm. There is little doubt, however, that pesticides have played, and most likely will continue to play, an important role in the production of food as the world’s supply of raw agricultural products continues to decline in proportion to the increase in population. The use of pesticides in agriculture has increased the cost/benefit ratio for the farmer, and has ultimately reduced the cost of food and fiber products for the consumer. Nevertheless, information about the health of workers occupationally exposed to pesticide residues is still limited even though we have used large quantities of pesticides during the past four decades.
Adversarial Attacks to Distributed Voltage Control in Power Distribution Networks with DERs

It has been recently proposed that the reactive power injection of distributed energy resources (DERs) can be used to regulate the voltage across the power distribution network, and simple distributed control laws have been recently developed in the literature for performing such distributed Volt/VAR control. However, enabling the reactive-power injection capability of DERs also opens the door for potential adversarial attacks. Specifically, the adversary can compromise a subset of the DERs and use their reactive power to disrupt the voltage profile across the distribution network. In this paper, we study the potential damage (in terms of the voltage disruption) of such adversarial attacks and how to mitigate the damage by controlling the allowable range of reactive power injection at each bus. Somewhat surprisingly and contrary to the intuition that the reactive power injection at legitimate buses should help mitigating the voltage disruption inflicted by the adversary, we demonstrate that an intelligent attacker can actually exploit the response of the legitimate buses to amplify the damage by two times. Such a higher level of damage can be attained even when the adversary has no information about the network topology. We then formulate an optimization problem to limit the potential damage of such adversarial attacks. Our formulation sets the range of the reactive power injection on each bus so that the damage by the adversary is minimized, subject to the constraint that the voltage mismatch (without attack) can still be maintained within a given threshold under an uncertainty set of external inputs. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of our analysis and the effectiveness of our approach to mitigate the damage caused by such attacks.
Topological Economic Theory

We recall that one of the problems with banking regulation has been its post-facto rather than preemptive mode—fixing bank panics after they occur rather than preventing them. And we recall that this was particularly true of the 2007 global bank panic. Binyamin Appelbaum wrote: “The Fed (Federal Reserve System) began 2007 still deeply immersed in complacent disregard for problems in the housing market. Fed officials knew that people were losing their homes. They knew that subprime lenders were blinking out of business with every passing week. But they did not understand the implications for the broader economy… August 2007 was the month that the Fed began its long transformation from somnolence to activism.” (Appelbaum 2013)