cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shock after acute myocardial infarction: A clinical and hemodynamic profile

Abstract Clinical features, predisposing factors, precipitating events, laboratory and hemodynamic observations, pathologic findings, prognostic indicators and the results of therapy are surveyed for 73 patients in whom shock developed after acute myocardial infarction. The incidence of shock was 15 percent, and the mortality 86 percent. It was not possible to differentiate patients with shock from those with acute infarction alone on the basis of age, anamnestic data, delay before hospitalization or anatomic location of infarction. No precipitating cause for shock other than acute infarction itself was consistently present. Hypovolemia, anemia, arrhythmia and drugs could not be incriminated as important factors in the genesis of shock. Extensive myocardial damage, coronary atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy were found at postmortem examination in most patients who died, but similar findings were noted in a group of patients in the coronary care unit who died without evidence of shock during the period of the study. Delay in onset of shock in many cases suggested progression of cardiac damage after the initial clinical event. Hemodynamic studies in 19 patients showed that cardiac index was less than half of the normal index, stroke volume index about a third of normal, and peripheral resistance generally increased. We conclude that patients who have the highest risk can be identified from various clinical and hemodynamic observations. It is appropriate to consider such patients for unconventional therapy.
Effects of Chemical Microstructure on Regimes in Polymer Crystallization

Regime transitions are now an accepted fact in polymers and it is becoming possible to manipulate these transitions. They are determined by the relative rates of secondary nucleation and surface spreading. Molecular structure variables (e.g. stiffness, branches, crosslinks, comonomers, molecular weight etc.) influence the two rates in different ways. Since Regime I is the only one of the three regimes in which molecular weight fractionation has been shown to occur, and believed to be responsible for poor mechanical properties, the manipulation of regime transitions is of considerable commercial importance in addition to its intrinsic scientific interest. In this paper the effects of some of the aforementioned variables will be considered.
Satiety Responsiveness and Eating Rate in Childhood: Development, Plasticity, and the Family Footprint

Abstract Satiety responsiveness (SR) and eating rate (ER) are two appetitive traits that consistently have been linked to energy intake and obesity risk in infancy and early childhood. This chapter examines evidence for familial influences on the development of SR and ER in children, how these traits relate to obesity onset, and feasibility as intervention targets. For each trait, we first introduce common measurement tools. Second, we address risk and susceptibility by reviewing genetic influences, parent-child feeding practices, and associations to adiposity and dietary intake. Third, modifications through interventions are discussed. Lastly, we identify research gaps and opportunities. The metaphor of a “family footprint” is introduced as a heuristic to conceptualize earlier research and look ahead, especially in terms of plasticity and potential for change.
Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters

Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton. The exciton induces an intensity change in the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode by 57% while generating no appreciable shift in frequency. Thus, the observed difference signal is attributed to an exciton-induced change in the dipole magnitude of the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode. Additionally, the transient IR data reveal that the infrared dipole change is dependent on the geometry of the ligand bound to the nanocluster. The experimental results are interpreted using TDDFT calculations, which identify how the spatial dependence of an exciton-induced electron density shift affects the vibrational motion of the carboxylate anchors. More broadly, this work demonstrates transient IR spectroscopy as a useful method for characterizing ligand-nanocluster coupling interactions.
Automated segmentation and quantification of aortic calcification at abdominal CT: application of a deep learning-based algorithm to a longitudinal screening cohort.

To investigate an automated aortic calcium segmentation and scoring tool at abdominal CT in an adult screening cohort. Using instance segmentation with convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNN), a fully automated vascular calcification algorithm was applied to a data set of 9914 non-contrast CT scans from 9032 consecutive asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57.5 ± 7.8 years; 4467 M/5447F) undergoing colonography screening. Follow-up scans were performed in a subset of 866 individuals (mean interval, 5.4 years). Automated abdominal aortic calcium volume, mass, and Agatston score were assessed. In addition, comparison was made with a separate validated semi-automated approach in a subset of 812 cases. Mean values were significantly higher in males for Agatston score (924.2 ± 2066.2 vs. 564.2 ± 1484.2, p < 0.001), aortic calcium mass (222.2 ± 526.0 mg vs. 144.5 ± 405.4 mg, p < 0.001) and volume (699.4 ± 1552.4 ml vs. 426.9 ± 1115.5 HU, p < 0.001). Overall age-specific Agatston scores increased an average of 10%/year for the entire cohort; males had a larger Agatston score increase between the ages of 40 to 60 than females (91.2% vs. 75.1%, p < 0.001) and had significantly higher mean Agatston scores between ages 50 and 80 (p < 0.001). For the 812-scan subset with both automated and semi-automated methods, median difference in Agatston score was 66.4 with an r2 agreement value of 0.84. Among the 866-patient cohort with longitudinal follow-up, the average Agatston score change was 524.1 ± 1317.5 (median 130.9), reflecting a mean increase of 25.5% (median 73.6%). This robust, fully automated abdominal aortic calcification scoring tool allows for both individualized and population-based assessment. Such data could be automatically derived at non-contrast abdominal CT, regardless of the study indication, allowing for opportunistic assessment of cardiovascular risk.
The Price of Climate Deregulation: Adding Up the Costs and Benefits of Federal Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards

Federal climate regulations are currently under attack, in part due to the perception that these regulations will impose excessive costs on regulated industries and society as a whole. But according to federal projections, the benefits of these regulations would significantly outweigh the costs. We added up the projected economic impacts of major federal rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and found that the net benefits could reach nearly $300 billion per year by 2030. The rules will also generate a variety of non-monetized benefits, such as improved public health outcomes and the creation of jobs, as well as climate mitigation benefits that will extend well beyond 2030.
Prenatal genetic considerations of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute 20% of all congenital malformations occurring in one in 500 live births. Worldwide, CAKUT are responsible for 40% to 50% of pediatric and 7% of adult end-stage renal disease. Pathogenic variants in genes causing CAKUT include monogenic diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and ciliopathies, as well as syndromes that include isolated kidney disease in conjunction with other abnormalities. Prenatal diagnosis most often occurs using ultrasonography; however, further genetic diagnosis may be made using a variety of testing strategies. Family history and pathologic examination can also provide information to improve the ability to make a prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic considerations in the prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT disorders. Specifically, we discuss monogenic causes of CAKUT, associated ultrasound characteristics, and considerations for genetic diagnosis, antenatal care, and postnatal care.
The Role of Numbers in the Customer Journey

Abstract At each stage in customers’ journeys, they encounter different types of numeric information that they process using different judgment strategies. Relevant numbers might include budgets, price, product attributes, product counts, product ratings, numbers in brand names, health and nutrition information, financial information, time-related information, and others. This manuscript provides a review of the vast array of numerical information presented to consumers at different stages of the customer journey. It also identifies several different types of judgment strategies that consumers use to evaluate numeric information. It includes a discussion of how consumers use these judgment strategies during the pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase stages of the customer journey, highlighting unanswered questions that identify new research opportunities. Implications for practice and research are identified.
Definitive Airway Management of Patients with a King Laryngeal Tube ™ in Place in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author(s): Sandefur, Benjamin J.; Driver, Brian E.; Brown III, Calvin A.; Reardon, Robert F.
The International Diet-Health Index: a novel tool to evaluate diet quality for cardiometabolic health across countries

Introduction Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease; however, interpretable measures capturing impacts of overall diet on health that can be easily used by policymakers at the global/national levels are not readily available. Methods We developed the International Diet-Health Index (IDHI) to measure health impacts of dietary intake across 186 countries in 2010, using age-specific and sex-specific data on country-level dietary intake, effects of dietary factors on cardiometabolic diseases and country-specific cardiometabolic disease profiles. The index encompasses the impact of 11 foods/nutrients on 12 cardiometabolic diseases, the mediation of health effects of specific dietary intakes through blood pressure and body mass index and background disease prevalence in each country–age–sex group. We decomposed the index into IDHIbeneficial for risk-reducing factors, and IDHIadverse for risk-increasing factors. The flexible functional form of the IDHI allows inclusion of additional risk factors and diseases as data become available. Results By sex, women experienced smaller detrimental cardiometabolic effects of diet than men: (females IDHIadverse range: −0.480 (5th percentile, 95th percentile: −0.932, –0.300) to −0.314 (−0.543, –0.213); males IDHIadverse range: (−0.617 (−1.054, –0.384) to −0.346 (−0.624, –0.222)). By age, middle-aged adults had highest IDHIbeneficial (females: 0.392 (0.235, 0.763); males: 0.415 (0.243, 0.949)) and younger adults had most extreme IDHIadverse (females: −0.480 (−0.932, –0.300); males: −0.617 (−1.054, –0.384)). Regionally, Central Latin America had the lowest IDHIoverall (−0.466 (−0.892, –0.159)), while Southeast Asia had the highest IDHIoverall (0.272 (−0.224, 0.903)). IDHIoverall was highest in low-income countries and lowest in upper middle-income countries (−0.039 (−0.317, 0.227) and −0.146 (−0.605, 0.303), respectively). Among 186 countries, Honduras had lowest IDHIoverall (−0.721 (−0.916, –0.207)), while Malaysia had highest IDHIoverall (0.904 (0.435, 1.190)). Conclusion IDHI encompasses dietary intakes, health effects and country disease profiles into a single index, allowing policymakers a useful means of assessing/comparing health impacts of diet quality between populations.
Associations of care experiences with survival among people with cancer in SEER-CAHPS, 2006 to 2017.

177Background: A growing body of literature indicates associations between cancer care experiences and survival. Several studies suggest people with cancer who report worse care experiences have gr...
Impact of a Multidisciplinary Long-Term Opioid Therapy Safety Program at a Military Tertiary Academic Medical Center.

Objective In light of the ongoing opioid crisis, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (NMCP) created the Long-Term Opioid Therapy Safety (LOTS) program to reduce risks and improve long-term opioid therapy outcomes. Our primary outcome was change in compliance with the recommended safety metrics. Design This is a retrospective cohort study performed at NMCP, a large military academic medical center providing comprehensive medical care to DoD beneficiaries. The NMCP LOTS program provides both patient and provider narcotic education as well as medical record auditing. The NMCP LOTS program promotes adherence to published CDC, the DVA, and DoD guidelines. Methods Anonymized data were compiled each fiscal quarter and were analyzed retrospectively. Adult patients prescribed opioids for at least 90 days without a gap of 30 days between prescriptions were included in this study. The investigators recorded and reported provider compliance with LOTS metrics over the same period. Results Compliance with the recommended safety metrics improved. We noted a decrease in the number of long-term opioid patients, concurrent benzodiazepine prescriptions, and patients prescribed greater than 90 morphine equivalents per day during the observation period. The number of naloxone prescriptions for LOTS patients also increased, reflecting improved guideline adherence. Conclusion Systematic education and feedback to providers are effective in creating a system and culture of opioid reduction, safe opioid prescribing, and system accountability. This article presents a comprehensive approach to modifying prescribing patterns of long-term opioids in a large healthcare system.
A memory-driven auditory program ensures selective and precise vocal imitation in zebra finches.

In the vocal learning model, the juvenile first memorizes a model sound, and the imprinted memory gradually converts into vocal-motor output during the sensorimotor integration. However, early acquired memory may not precisely represent the fine structures of a model sound. How do juveniles ensure precise model imitation? Here we show that juvenile songbirds develop an auditory learning program by actively and attentively engaging with tutor’s singing during the sensorimotor phase. The listening/approaching behavior requires previously acquired model memory and the individual variability of approaching behavior correlates with the precision of tutor song imitation. Moreover, it is modulated by dopamine and associated with forebrain regions for sensory processing. Overall, precise vocal learning may involve two steps of auditory processing: a passive imprinting of model memory occurs during the early sensory period; the previously acquired memory then guides an active and selective engagement of the re-exposed model to fine tune model imitation. Wan-Chun Liu et al. demonstrate that the sensory phase of vocal learning in zebra finches is split across two stages: (1) passive listening and formation of a memory, and (2) active listening and behavioral engagement of juveniles with adult tutors. Furthermore, they show that approach behavior is correlated with song imitation quality, and immediate early gene expression in the caudal medial nidopallium linked to auditory behavior.
The Scope of Criminal Forfeiture under RICO: The Appropriate Definition of "Proceeds"

Congress enacted the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ("RICO") statute' in 1970 to limit the infiltration of organized crime into legitimate business organizations.2 To this end, RICO criminalizes participation in a "pattern of racketeering activity" in the context of an "enterprise."3 A pattern of racketeering activity consists of at least two federal or state crimes, as specified in the statute,4 that have "similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission"5 and "amount to or pose a threat of continued criminal activity."6 An enterprise is broadly defined as "any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity, and any union or group of individuals associated in fact although not a legal entity."7 The context of which RICO speaks is where, through the commission of racketeering activity, the defendant "directly or indirectly invested in, or maintained an interest in, or participated in" the enterprise.8 Congress put teeth into the RICO prohibition by creating civil and criminal penalties designed to make any commingling of
Lineage, fate, and fate potential of NG2-glia

NG2 cells represent a fourth major glial cell population in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). They arise from discrete germinal zones in mid-gestation embryos and expand to occupy the entire CNS parenchyma. Genetic fate mapping studies have shown that oligodendrocytes and a subpopulation of ventral protoplasmic astrocytes arise from NG2 cells. This review describes recent findings on the fate and fate potential of NG2 cells under physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss age-dependent changes in the fate and fate potential of NG2 cells and possible mechanisms that could be involved in restricting their oligodendrocyte differentiation or fate plasticity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
Hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on growth factor-containing surfaces.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold considerable promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a source of tissue-specific cells. Hepatocytes derived from ESCs will be useful for therapies, bioartificial liver assistance devices and drug discovery. In traditional stem cell cultivation/differentiation experiments, growth factors (GFs) are added in soluble form in order to provide signals for tissue-specific differentiation. In contrast, we investigated differentiation of hESCs cultured on top of GFs. In these experiments, glass substrates were imprinted with a mixture of ECM and GF molecules to form 500 µm diameter spots. hESCs were cultured onto these GF-containing ECM spots for up to 12 days to induce differentiation towards the hepatic lineage. The dynamics of differentiation were examined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Stem cells cultured on GF-containing surfaces stained positive for the endoderm markers SOX17 and FOXA2, as well as early liver markers such as α-fetoprotein and albumin. qRT–PCR confirmed that pluripotency, endoderm and liver gene expression of hESCs cultured on GF-containing surfaces was consistent with hepatic differentiation. In comparison, hESCs cultured on ECM spots without GFs showed less pronounced loss of pluripotency and lower levels of liver gene expression. In summary, our study demonstrates that hESCs receive differentiation-inducing signals from GF-containing surfaces and may be pushed along the hepatic lineage when cultured on such surfaces. Compared to traditional approaches, the advantages of GF immobilization include reduction in the cost of experiments, stronger and longer stimulation and the possibility of screening GF–stem cell interactions in a multiplexed manner. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural plasticity of nonneuronal cells in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system: in the right place at the right time

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that structural plasticity of astrocytes in the normally functioning brain is widespread. Two of the best-studied regions where structural plasticity occurs are the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and posterior pituitary. It discusses the recent developments in understanding of how this structural remodelling, including new finding that show microglia also participate in structural plasticity of the SON. The chapter also introduces other brain areas, where structural plasticity of astrocytes has been demonstrated. Structural plasticity of glia, predominantly that of astrocytes, occurs throughout the nervous system. Sites, where structural plasticity of astrocytes has been documented in normal brains include the hippocampus with long term potentiation induction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus across the diurnal cycle, in the cerebellar cortex with motor learning in the arcuate nucleus of the rat and monkey, across changing estrogen levels, and extensively, in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) in response to diverse conditions leading to the synthesis and release of the peptides oxytocin (OX) and vasopressin (VP). The chapter concludes that the factors that are investigated in the SON of the hypothalamus include reorientation of astrocytes, reentry of glial cells into the cell cycle, downregulation of morphoregulatory molecules, dissolution of the basal lamina, changes in the GFAP, concomitant changes in expression of GFAP message, and changes in the population of resident microglia.
Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Yeast

Novel fatty acids ranging from 20 to 30 carbons have been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These comprise 1 to 2% of the total fatty acid fraction.
Clear-Air Radar Technology: Panel Report

The use of sensitive, coherent radar systems operating in the UHF-VHF frequency range (30–3000 MHz) to measure and monitor the dynamics of the atmosphere has to be one of the most explosive and far-reaching developments to take place throughout all of meteorology. This field has matured rapidly in the decade and a half since Woodman and Guillen (1974) published the initial continuous measurements of the horizontal and vertical wind fields by a high-powered coherent VHF radar. We have progressed from initial studies using radar systems dedicated primarily to other uses, to the design and use of systems specifically intended for continuous measurements of atmospheric parameters. The success of these developments is exemplified by the fact that clear-air systems—indeed networks of such systems—are currently coming on line as operational entities. The future use of these systems in the national picture, as well as on an international scale, is secure.
Explanation, Idealisation and the Goldilocks Problem

Michael Strevens’s book Depth is a great achievement.1 To say anything interesting, useful and true about explanation requires taking on fundamental issues in the metaphysics and epistemology of science. So this book not only tells us a lot about scientific explanation, it has a lot to say about causation, lawhood, probability and the relation between the physical and the special sciences. It should be read by anyone interested in any of those questions, which includes presumably the vast majority of readers of this journal. One of its many virtues is that it lets us see more clearly what questions about explanation, causation, lawhood and so on need answering, and frames those questions in perspicuous ways. I’m going to focus on one of these questions, what I’ll call the Goldilocks problem. As it turns out, I’m not going to agree with all the details of Strevens’s answer to this problem, though I suspect that something like his answer is right. At least, I hope something like his answer is right; if it isn’t, I’m not sure where else we can look.
Assessing IPR Disclosure within Standard Setting: An ICT Case Study

As part of its “policy project to examine the legal and policy issues surrounding the problem of potential patent ‘hold-up’ when patented technologies are included in collaborative standards”, the Federal Trade Commission held an all-day workshop on June 21, 2011. The first panel of the day focused on patent disclosure rules intended to encourage full knowledge of patents “essential” for a standard and therefore to prevent patent ambush. When patents are disclosed after a standard is defined, the patent holder may have enhanced bargaining power that it can exploit to charge excessive royalties (e.g., greater than the value the patented technology contributes to the product complying with the standard). In this paper, I present a case study on patent disclosure within the ICT sector. Specifically, I take an empirical look at the timing of patent disclosures within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the body responsible for some of the world’s most prevalent mobile telephony standards. I find that most members officially disclose their potentially relevant patents after the standard was published, and sometimes considerably so. On the other hand, I also find that the delay in declaring patents to ETSI standards has been shrinking over time, with disclosures occurring closer to (although for the most part still after) the standard publication date for more recent standard generations as compared to earlier ones. This latter finding coincides with ETSI policy changes, suggesting that standards bodies may be able improve patent disclosure with more precise rules.
Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Subconjunctival Injection of Fc-Endostatin, a Novel Inhibitor of Angiogenesis

We assessed the antiangiogenic effects of subconjunctival injection of Fc-endostatin (FcE) using a human vascular endothelial growth factor-induced rabbit corneal neovascularization model. Angiogenesis was induced in rabbit corneas through intrastromal implantations of VEGF polymer implanted 2 mm from the limbus. NZW rabbits were separated into groups receiving twice weekly subconjunctival injections of either saline; 25 mg/mL bevacizumab; 2 mg/mL FcE; or 20 mg/mL FcE. Corneas were digitally imaged at 5 time points. An angiogenesis index (AI) was calculated (vessel length (mm) × vessel number score) for each observation. All treatment groups showed a significant decrease in the vessel length and AI compared to saline on all observation days (P < 0.001). By day 15, FcE 2 inhibited angiogenesis significantly better than FcE 20 (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between FcE 2 and BV, although the values trended towards significantly increased inhibition by BV. BV was a significantly better inhibitor than FcE 20 by day 8 (P < 0.01). FcE was safe and significantly inhibited new vessel growth in a rabbit corneal neovascularization model. Lower concentration FcE 2 exhibited better inhibition than FcE 20, consistent with previous FcE studies referencing a biphasic dose-response curve. Additional studies are necessary to further elucidate the efficacy and clinical potential of this novel angiogenesis inhibitor.
Risk Stratification with Cardiac Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an increasingly used imaging modality for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Over the last several years, a rapidly increasing body of work supporting its use for estimation of extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and prognostication of risk of adverse cardiac events. In this review, we summarize these data, highlighting the strengths of PET MPI compared to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with an emphasis on the differences in image acquisition, the ability to evaluate left ventricular systolic function during peak stress and the quantification of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve.
Synthesis, functionalization, and environmental stabilization of ZnO nanobridge transducers for gas and liquid-phase sensing

Abstract Three methods of functionalizing ZnO NW surfaces with biotin were demonstrated. Biotinylated ZnO NWs were found to dissolve during exposure to deionized (DI) water, so a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was developed for parylene-A, a common moisture barrier with an amine group which allows further functionalization. Parylene-A coated ZnO NWs were found to be resistant to dissolution. Electrical measurements on parylene-A coated nanobridge devices showed normal operation with higher dark current and an attenuated response to UV and O 2 , indicating the ability to modulate environmental sensitivity. This work demonstrates the novel use of parylene-A coatings as an encapsulation layer as well as a potential starting platform for general functionalization of ZnO NW devices for selective sensing.
Regeneration in the Ears of Immunodeficient Mice: Identification and Lineage Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Wound healing in the ears of Athymic Nude-nu mice resembles regeneration. Histological analysis of the ear-punched tissues revealed the initial formation of a blastema-like structure followed by dermal, vascular, cartilage, and muscle regrowth exclusively in Athymic Nude-nu mice but not in wild-type controls (C57BL/6J). A subset of stem cells referred to here as ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) has been isolated from the external ears of regenerative (Athymic Nude-nu) and nonregenerative strains of mice. Morphological, histochemical, and molecular analysis after the induction of EMSC differentiation revealed multiple mesenchymal cell lineages (adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes) in all murine strains independent of their ability for regeneration. Thus, the absence of regeneration in wounded ears of C57BL/6J wild-type mice is not related to the absence of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in tissue culture. Because nude mice lack T lymphocytes, it appears that in this model the absence of T lym...
Sonographic visualization of a scapular body fracture: A case report

We report the case of a scapular body fracture that was visualized with ultrasound and confirmed with three-dimensional CT. Ultrasound examination showed a comminuted fracture along the lateral border of the left scapula. We suggest scanning of the scapula, particularly the lateral scapula border, in patients with a history of shoulder trauma who continue to have symptoms in the shoulder girdle. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Ritz values of normal matrices and Ceva’s theorem

Abstract This paper investigates the behavior of Ritz values of normal matrices. We apply Ceva’s theorem, a classical geometric result, to understand the geometric relationship between pairs of Ritz values for 3 × 3 normal non-Hermitian matrices, and then analyze the implications for larger matrices. We find that, in the case of normal non-Hermitian matrices, the geometric constraints on the placement of Ritz values provide less freedom than the Cauchy interlacing theorem in the Hermitian case. Using our results we analyze the restarted Arnoldi method with exact shifts applied to a 3 × 3 normal, non-Hermitian matrix.
Myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein expression in single fibers of the rat soleus following reinnervation

Myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression is regulated by many factors including neural input. To gain a better understanding of myosin transformation following reinnervation we examined both MHC protein and mRNA in single fibers of the soleus. A midthigh sciatic nerve lesion resulted in reinnervation of the soleus by motoneurons from both the original and foreign motor pools. MHC expression was examined in individual fibers 8 and 16 weeks post injury using in situ histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Following a sciatic nerve lesion, the reinnervated soleus underwent a transformation from slow toward fast based on physiologic and biochemical measurements. At 8 weeks, fast MHC mRNA isoforms (IIa and IIx) were upregulated and slow mRNA was downregulated, however, the predominant protein isoform was MHC I. At both 8 and 16 weeks, many fibers expressed multiple mRNA isoforms. At 16 weeks there was limited co-expression of slow and fast MHC mRNAs, but continued co-expression of fast MHC mRNAs. Sixteen weeks following reinnervation the predominant fast mRNA and protein in the soleus was IIx MHC.
On the Nature of Technique: What Do We Owe the Gurus?

Professionals constantly work back and forth between the insights of theory and the constraints of practice in an effort to construct a reasonably well-informed framework within which to conduct their day-to-day activities. One interesting aspect of the theory/practice dichotomy is the impact of acknowledged experts on the classroom behaviors of teachers. In this article I describe in detail one technique for teaching writing to ESL students and use this description as the basis for a discussion of the nature of technique. I then trace my teaching behaviors back to a number of individuals who have influenced my attitudes toward and approaches to the teaching of writing. Finally, I attempt to characterize the relationship between a successful classroom technique and the teachings of gurus.
Some varietal differences in wireworm injury to potatoes

In a series of potato variety trials small but significant differences among varieties have been observed. Although all varieties tested were subject to wireworm attack, some varieties appeared to be more susceptible than others.
Electron-Spin Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Neutron-Irradiated LiF

The electron-spin resonance spectra of F centers in neutron-irradiated crystals of Li/sup 6/F, Li/sup 7/F, and LiF of normal isotopic content have been studied in order to test existing theories of F-center resonance absorption. The spectrum for Li/sup 6/F has several interesting features and corfirms the ENDOR measurements of Holton,Blum, and Slichter for crystals of normal isotopic content. Specimens of the latter composition have been subjected to a wide range of neutron doses in the present work and their spectra examined. For doses smaller than about 10/sup 17/ n/cm/sup 2/ the spectra exhibit a resolved hyperfine structure on a Gaussian envelope. For doses exceeding 10/sup 17/ n/ cm/sup 2/ changes are observed in resonance linewidth, shape, and spin-lattice relaxation time. The observntions appear to be consistent with the view that the radiation- induced defects are not uniformly distributed in the cry als. Exchange interactions between paramagnetic defects in egions of high defect concentration appear to be respon ible for the observed changes in the resonance spectra as the neutron dose is increased. Crystals which received doses in excess of 10/sup 19/ n/cm/sup 2/ exhibit resonance absorption characteristic of conduction electrons in small particles of lithium metal. Annealing and saturation studiesmore » give some information regarding the spin-lattice relaxation of the conduction electrons in the metal particles. (auth)« less
Purification and enzymic properties of Mot1 ATPase, a regulator of basal transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The 1867-residue Mot1 protein is a member of a superfamily of ATPases, some of which are helicases, that interact with protein-nucleic acid assemblies. Mot1 is an essential regulator of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptionin vivo and dissociates TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-DNA complexes in vitro. Mot1-(His)6 was purified to apparent homogeneity from yeast extracts. The preparation efficiently dissociated TBP·TATA complexes, suggesting that no other protein or cofactor is required. Mot1 behaved as a non-globular monomer in hydrodynamic studies, and no association was detected between differentially tagged co-expressed Mot1 constructs. ATPase activity was stimulated about 10-fold by high ionic strength or alkaline pH, or by deletion of the N-terminal TBP-binding segment, suggesting that the N-terminal domain negatively regulates the C-terminal ATPase domain (Mot1C). Correspondingly, at moderate salt concentration, Mot1 ATPase (but not Mot1C) was stimulated ≥10-fold by yeast TBP, suggesting that interaction with TBP relieves a conformational constraint in Mot1. Double- or single-stranded TATA-containing DNA did not affect ATPase activity of Mot1 or Mot1C, with or without TBP. Mot1 did not exhibit detectable helicase activity in strand displacement assays using substrates with flush ends or 5′- or 3′-overhangs. Mot1-catalyzed dissociation of TBP from DNA was not prevented by a psoralen cross-link positioned immediately preceding the TATA sequence. Thus, Mot1 most likely promotes release of TBP from TATA-containing DNA by causing a structural change in TBP itself, rather than by strand unwinding.
Michael Psellos: the Encomium of his Mother

(2005). Michael Psellos: the Encomium of his Mother. Advances in the History of Rhetoric: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 239-313.
Specific Energy Distributions for Alpha Emitters in the Dog Lung

Abstract The radiation dose to pulmonary lung tissue from inhaled alpha-emitting materials is nonuniformly distributed, due primarily to the particulate nature of inhaled aerosols and the short range of the highly ionizing alpha particles. For a detailed analysis of the importance of dose distribution, particle size effects, and specific activity of inhaled particles, a microdosimetric approach to dose evaluation is needed. The radiation dose to lung tissue is then described by a frequency distribution of doses in ‘specific energy’ to small target sites within the lung. Specific energy distributions for plutonium oxide in dog lung were calculated, taking into account the size distribution of the inhaled aerosol, deposition probabilities in the lung for various particle sizes, the relationship between the physical sizes of inhaled particles and their aerodynamic diameters, the distribution of target sites, the probability of an alpha particle intersecting one of these sites and the range, energy loss, straggling characteristics, and delta ray production of alpha particle tracks. Specific energy distributions provide a graphic display of the dose distribution and a means for comparing different exposures. Hit probabilities for irradiated sites may also be calculated. Information obtained from specific energy distributions provides an improved understanding of the relationship between dose and biological effects.
Diagnostic management of interdental spacing.

Abstract It is a challenge to restore function and esthetics for patients with excessive interdental spacing. This article describes an alternative diagnostic procedure to permit clear communication of the intended outcome among the restorative dentist, orthodontist, and patient. This procedure uses fabrication of multiple duplicated casts, sectioned stone teeth, repositioned stone teeth, full-contour diagnostic wax-ups, and occlusal putty impressions. This procedure can be used as proposed or for various situations in which complex restorative treatment is needed. (J Prosthet Dent 2000;84:467-9)
Perceptual geometry of space and form: visual perception of natural scenes and their virtual representation

Perceptual geometry is an emerging field of interdisciplinary research whose objectives focus on study of geometry from the perspective of visual perception, and in turn, apply such geometric findings to the ecological study of vision. Perceptual geometry attempts to answer fundamental questions in perception of form and representation of space through synthesis of cognitive and biological theories of visual perception with geometric theories of the physical world. Perception of form and space are among fundamental problems in vision science. In recent cognitive and computational models of human perception, natural scenes are used systematically as preferred visual stimuli. Among key problems in perception of form and space, we have examined perception of geometry of natural surfaces and curves, e.g. as in the observer's environment. Besides a systematic mathematical foundation for a remarkably general framework, the advantages of the Gestalt theory of natural surfaces include a concrete computational approach to simulate or recreate images whose geometric invariants and quantities might be perceived and estimated by an observer. The latter is at the very foundation of understanding the nature of perception of space and form, and the (computer graphics) problem of rendering scenes to visually invoke virtual presence.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
How Well Do Search Engines Support Code Retrieval on the Web

Software developers search the Web for various kinds of source code for diverse reasons. In a previous study, we found that searches varied along two dimensions: the size of the search target (e.g., block, subsystem, or system) and the motivation for the search (e.g., reference example or as-is reuse). Would each of these kinds of searches require different search technologies? To answer this question, we conducted an experiment with 36 participants to evaluate three diverse approaches (general purpose information retrieval, source code search, and component reuse), as represented by five Web sites (Google, Koders, Krugle, Google Code Search, and SourceForge). The independent variables were search engine, size of search target, and motivation for search. The dependent variable was the participants judgement of the relevance of the first ten hits. We found that it was easier to find reference examples than components for as-is reuse and that participants obtained the best results using a general-purpose information retrieval site. However, we also found an interaction effect: code-specific search engines worked better in searches for subsystems, but Google worked better on searches for blocks. These results can be used to guide the creation of new tools for retrieving source code from the Web.
A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol-Dependent Domestic Violence Offenders: An Integrated Substance Abuse–Domestic Violence Treatment Approach (SADV)

This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of a twelve-session cognitive behavioral group therapy for alcohol-dependent males with co-occurring interpersonal violence (IPV). Participants were 85 alcoh...
Synthesis and functional analysis of novel bivalent estrogens.

The steroid hormone estrogen plays a critical role in female development and homeostasis. Estrogen mediates its effects through binding and activation of specific estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), members of the steroid/nuclear receptor family of ligand-induced transcription factors. Due to their intimate roles in genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways, these hormones and their receptors have been also implicated in the pathologies of a variety of cancers and metabolic disorders, and have been the target of large therapeutic development efforts. The binding of estrogen to its respective receptors initiates a cascade of events that include receptor dimerization, nuclear localization, DNA binding and recruitment of co-regulatory protein complexes. In this manuscript, we investigate the potential for manipulating steroid receptor gene expression activity through the development of bivalent steroid hormones that are predicted to facilitate hormone receptor dimerization events. Data are presented for the development and testing of novel estrogen dimers, linked through their C-17 moiety, that can activate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated transcription events with efficacy and potency equal to or greater than that of ERα’s cognate ligand, 17β-estradiol. These bivalent estrogen structures open the door to the development of a variety of steroid therapeutics that could dramatically impact future drug development in this area.
Increased Survival with Prophylactic Quinidine After Experimental Myocardial Infarction

Experimental myocardial infarction was produced in 60 farm pigs by gradual coronary occlusion with an Ameroid constrictor placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Twenty animals were treated with 10 mg/kg/6 hr of quinidine, 10 with 5 mg/kg/6 hr, and 10 with 2.5 mg/kg/6 hr for a total period of 72 hours. Twenty animals served as controls. Serum quinidine levels were measured at 6-hour intervals. Significantly increased survival, when compared to controls, were observed in those animals treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg/6 hr of quinidine, but not in those receiving 2.5 mg/kg/6 hr. Under the described experimental conditions, designed to cause a reproducible, consistent infarction, quinidine treatment in nontoxic and well-tolerated doses significantly increased survival. Furthermore, there is a dose level below which this effect is lost. Whether the results of this study are applicable to man in preventing sudden death is unknown.
Thermodynamics of amyloid dissociation provide insights into aggregate stability regimes

Amyloid aggregates have been hypothesized as a global low free energy state for proteins at finite concentrations. Near its midpoint unfolding temperature, α-chymotrypsinogen A (aCgn) spontaneously forms amyloid polymers, indicating the free energy of aggregates (A) is significantly lower than that for unfolded (U) and native (N) monomers at those particular conditions. The relative thermodynamic stability of A, U, and N states was estimated semi-quantitatively as a function of temperature (T) and [urea] via a combination of calorimetry, urea-assisted unfolding and dissociation, aggregation kinetics, and changes in solvent-exposed surface area, combined with thermodynamic integration and a linear transfer free energy model. The results at first suggest that N is more thermodynamically stable than A at sufficiently low T and [urea], but this may be convoluted with kinetic effects. Interestingly, the kinetic stability of aggregates highlights that the practical measure of stability may be the free energy barrier(s) between A and U, as U serves as a key intermediate between N and A states.
The genetic map of the filamentous bacteriophage f1.

The genetic map of coliphage f1 is presented in this paper. A series of four-point crosses was devised and carried out in such a way that the progeny of single mixedly infected cells in which recombination events had taken place could be analyzed. This method overcame some of the unique difficulties which had heretofore prevented construction of a map. The problems included a relatively low recombination rate, relatively high reversion rates of most mutants, and the interference of double-length diploid particles in analysis of phage yields. The order of amber mutations and restriction sites on the circular map is II, SB 2 , IV, I, VI, III, VIII, SB 1 , V, VII.
Rhetoric and Cultural Synthesis in the Hexaemeron of George of Pisidia

George of Pisidia's longest and most profound work is a didactic poem whose generic title Hexaemeron or Kooloupyia is barely suggestive of its broad scope.' With 1894 lines set in correct iambic trimeter, the meter of classical dramatic dialogue, the text is, for one thing, an important witness to the classical literary tradition in seventh-century Constantinople. Four centuries after its composition, Michael Psellos thought enough of it to compare it to the poetry of Euripides.2 It echoes many classical writers, including Plato, Homer, Horace, Cicero and Seneca, and it frequently refers to episodes in Greek mythology. It even uses technical vocabulary from ancient medicine and biology to a degree of specificity not reached in the scientific handbooks.3 It also contains abundant theoretical discussion of astronomy, presenting the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic theory of the shape of the heavens, for example, in a favorable light alongside the biblical model.4 The poem also takes a firm, polemical stance where basic Christian doctrine is at issue. It is uncompromising, for example, in its position that the universe was created and not the product of eternal emanation.5 It makes frequent professions of faith in the Trinity and the Incarnation.6 In addition, despite its freedom from the narrative sequence of Genesis, biblical passages play a key role in its structure. Psalm 103 (LXX) in partic
Recognizing and Selling Good Ideas: How Brokers Mediate Knowledge Transfer

To mediate the transfer of knowledge, brokers must recognize good ideas from sources and sell good ideas to targets. Although skill at recognizing and selling good ideas is critical to brokers’ suc...