cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genistein reduced insulin resistance index through modulating lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for obesity and insulin resistance due to the decline of estrogen, but genistein, a phytoestrogen, may reduce the risks of these diet-related diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that supplemental genistein has beneficial effects on insulin resistance in an ovariectomized rat model by modulating lipid metabolism. Three weeks after a sham surgery (sham) or an ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a diet containing 0 (OVX group) or 0.1% genistein for 4 weeks. The sham rats were fed a high-fat diet containing 0% genistein and served as the control group (sham group). The ovariectomized rats showed increases in body weight and insulin resistance index, but genistein reduced insulin resistance index and the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthetase. Genistein was also associated with increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase and the rate of β-oxidation in the fat tissue of rats. The ovariectomized rats given genistein had smaller-sized adipocytes. Using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of microarray data, we found that a number of gene sets of fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress were differentially expressed by OVX and reversed by genistein. This systemic approach of GSEA enables the identification of such consensus between the gene expression changes and phenotypic changes caused by OVX and genistein supplementation. Genistein treatment could help reduce insulin resistance through the amelioration of OVX-induced metabolic dysfunction, and the GSEA approach may be useful in proposing putative targets related to insulin resistance.
Chemical reactions occurring at the interface of epoxy matrix and aminosilane coupling agents in fiber-reinforced composites

The chemical reactions at the interface between an anhydride-cured epoxy resin and an aminosilane treated fiber have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared methods (FT-IR). The results indicate that chemical bonds are formed in the interfacial region between the matrix and the coupling agents. The amount of interfacial bonding depends on the composition and the processing conditions.
Dietary cholesterol modulates the excitability of rabbit hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons

Previous work has shown high dietary cholesterol can affect learning and memory including rabbit eyeblink conditioning and this effect may be due to increased membrane cholesterol and enhanced hippocampal amyloid beta production. This study investigated whether dietary cholesterol modulates rabbit hippocampal CA1 neuron membrane properties known to be involved in rabbit eyeblink conditioning. Whole-cell current clamp recordings in hippocampal neurons from rabbits fed 2% cholesterol or normal chow for 8 weeks revealed changes including decreased after-hyperpolarization amplitudes (AHPs) – an index of membrane excitability shown to be important for rabbit eyeblink conditioning. This index was reversed by adding copper to drinking water – a dietary manipulation that can retard rabbit eyeblink conditioning. Evidence of cholesterol effects on membrane excitability was provided by application of methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a compound that reduces membrane cholesterol, which increased the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons.
Severe Cutaneous Reactions Requiring Hospitalization in Allopurinol Initiators: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Objective Rare but potentially life-threatening cutaneous adverse reactions have been associated with allopurinol, but population-based data on the incidence and mortality of such reactions are scarce. Methods We conducted a propensity score–matched cohort study to evaluate the incidence rate (IR) and in-hospital mortality of hospitalization for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) in allopurinol initiators compared to non–allopurinol users, using data from 5 large Medicaid programs. The primary outcome was identified by the principal discharge diagnosis code 695.1. A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the relative risk of SCARs associated with the use of allopurinol and determined the relative risk of SCARs associated with allopurinol dose. Results During a followup period of 65,625 person-years for allopurinol initiators, 45 were hospitalized with SCARs. The crude IR was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.50–0.92) per 1,000 person-years. All 45 cases occurred within 365 days and 41 (91.1%) occurred within 180 days after initiating treatment with allopurinol. Twelve patients (26.7%) died during the hospitalization. The crude IR in non–allopurinol users was 0.04 (95% CI 0.02–0.08) per 1,000 person-years. The risk of SCARs was increased in allopurinol initiators versus nonusers (hazard ratio [HR] 9.68, 95% CI 4.55–20.57). Among allopurinol initiators, the HR for high-dosage (>300 mg/day) versus low-dosage allopurinol was 1.30 (95% CI 0.31–5.36) after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and recent diuretic use. Conclusion Among allopurinol initiators, SCARs were found to be rare but often fatal, and occurred mostly in the first 180 days of treatment. The risk of SCARs was 10 times as high in allopurinol initiators as compared to allopurinol nonusers.
Modulation of tracheal smooth muscle responses in inducible T-cell kinase knockout mice.

Abstract It has been shown that the Tec family nonreceptor tyrosine kinase inducible T cell kinase (ITK) plays a role in the activation of naive T cells and in the differentiation of T helper (T H 2)-type cells producing cytokines in a model of allergic inflammation, thereby possibly indirectly mediating hyperresponsivenes of airway smooth muscle tone. Using excised tracheae from wild type (WT) mice and those lacking ITK, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments in which isometric smooth muscle tones were assessed in response to several agonists to determine whether the absence of ITK would affect the responsiveness of tracheal smooth muscle cells. The resulting change in contractile responses was evaluated by measuring agonist cumulative concentration-response curves (CCRC). Our results indicate that the cholinergic agonist acetylcholine (ACh) and its analog carbachol (CCh) exhibited comparable CCRC profiles in contracting isolated tracheae from both WT and ITK −/− mice, with no alteration in their efficacies. However, the EC 50 values for the two agonists were found to be significantly higher in ITK −/− tracheae than in those from WT mice, suggesting an alteration of the potencies of these cholinergic agonists in the trachea of ITK −/− mice. Moreover, we found that the depolarizing agent potassium chloride (KCl) had a significantly lower efficacy in contracting ITK −/− tracheae compared to those from WT mice. This difference in KCl efficacy was abolished in the presence of a calcium (Ca 2+ ) voltage-dependent channel (VDC) agonist, Bay K8644, suggesting a modulation of the KCl induced permeability of VDC Ca 2+ channels in the trachea of ITK −/− mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of ITK may play a modulating role in the pharmacomechanical as well as in the electromechanical coupling of airway smooth muscle contraction.
Vascular Calcification in Uremia: What Is New and Where Are We Going?

Arterial calcification is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other chronic inflammatory disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Arterial calcification is associated with significant morbidity and increased early mortality. Vascular calcification is a highly orchestrated process that entrains a repertoire of transcription factors and involves the activation of an osteogenic program that recapitulates the molecular fingerprints seen in bone formation. Recent studies have implicated the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α in the pathobiology of arterial calcification. Metabolic acidosis, which is prevalent in patients with advanced kidney disease, has also been shown in some recent studies to attenuate vascular calcification in animal models. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning vascular mineralization and discuss their implications in terms of translational opportunities, unmet needs, and future directions.
Dynamic variations in blood flow as measured by laser doppler velocimetry: a study in rat skin flaps

Some of the measured variations of blood flow in skin flaps are reviewed. Ventral island skin flaps in rats are taken as an experimental model, and serial measurements using laser Doppler velocimetry have been made across the flaps for a period of up to 4 weeks postoperatively. The results demonstrate that areas of these flaps have periods of complete ischemia with no flow. These areas may survive. Conversely, apparently perfused areas later succumbed and became nonviable. The flow readings obtained are compared with fluorescence as a predictor of survival. The immediate and longer-term changes in flow across the length of these flaps are described. These findings are discussed with reference to the suggested methods of increasing the length of flap survival. The hypothesis of nonnutritive blood flow is also reassessed in the light of these findings.
Ramp Metering Status in California

The purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the major improvement in terms of ramp metering design and operations in California. These updates include ramp metering policies, ramp metering development plans, ramp metering design manual, and ramp metering and system management initiatives.
Adaptations made by rheumatoid arthritis patients to continue working: a pilot study of workplace challenges and successful adaptations.

Objectives The goals of this pilot study were to use qualitative research techniques in a group of currently employed patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to develop categories of challenges encountered in maintaining employment and categories of successful adaptations made to continue working; and to identify obstacles considered to be persistent threats to continued employment. Methods Patients were interviewed by telephone with a questionnaire composed of structured-response format and open-ended response format questions focusing on specific challenges and adaptations in the workplace. Results Of the 22 patients interviewed, 96% were women, mean age was 50 years, 84% were college graduates, and the majority had light physical job demands and high autonomy over their work and hours worked. Patients encountered diverse challenges, such as fatigue, pain, typing, writing, physical requirements, maintaining a pleasant disposition, working overtime, traveling for business, commuting, being on time, not being able to choose rest periods, and environmental issues. Patients also made multiple adaptations to continue working, the most helpful being changing job or altering career path (36%), altering work hours (32%), using more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (27%), using car service (23%), sleeping more (18%), and working at home (14%). Patients were not at all confident in their ability to continue working because of RA, and perceived the following persistent threats to continued employment: fatigue (45%), not being able to use hands (45%), not being able to choose rest periods (27%), and commuting problems (18%). In addition, patients confronted psychological stresses, such as dealing with coworkers and supervisors and balancing job and personal roles. These challenges and adaptations included unfavorable work-related occurrences, or “negative work-role events.” Conclusions Seemingly successfully employed patients with RA faced multiple challenges and made major adaptations to maintain employment and still perceived their employment to be in jeopardy because of RA. The findings of this study have important implications for screening patients at risk for negative work-role events and for possible work-related and social support interventions aimed at preserving employment.
Detergency Study: Comparison of the Distribution of Natural Residual Soils After Laundering with a Variety of Detergent Products

Five commercial laundry detergents were evaluated using natural soil obtained from facial wipes. The largest observed difference between products was in their removal of particulate soil from the y...
Continuous gas phase chemical separations

Gas-phase chemical separations have been used for the study of short-lived fission products. Often the chemical separation is achieved in a few seconds. The articles reviews the techniques used in fast, gas-phase separations.
Advantages of Using a PMOS FET Dosimeter in High-Dose Radiation Effects Testing

In this paper data are presented that show the response, i.e., shift in threshold voltage, ? VT, as a function of dose, D, up to a megarad for radiation-soft PMOS transistors employed as dosimeters. The relationship between ? VT and D was determined with a calibrated Co-60 gamma-ray source. The PMOS dosimeters were operated with the threshold voltage continuously indicating, i.e., the VT mode. The Co-60 results are compared to data obtained with 10-MeV electrons from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Linac. The linac data were taken at different dose rates, and they do not show an obvious dose rate dependence. Also, the Co-60 and linac data overlap well within the expected experimental uncertainties. The use of the PMOS dosimeter operating in the VT mode for high total dose measurements is compared briefly to other systems that can be employed in performing such measurements. Specifically, the PMOS dosimeter usage is compared to that of Ca F2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and commercially available radiachromic nylon film dosimeters. These latter two dosimeter systems, and especially the TLDs, are frequently employed in radiation testing because of their ease of use. Other dosimeter systems, such as the p-i-n diode, are not considered since they are more difficult to use than the systems being compared. The significance of the present work lies in the fact that it demonstrates how important the PMOS dosimeter can be in the high-dose testing of microelectronic devices.
Ketorolac or fentanyl to supplement local anesthesia

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of ketorolac in the treatment of intraoperative pain refractory to the administration of local anesthetic alone. Design: Intraoperative acute-pain treatment model consisting of awake, nonsedated patients who randomly received either an opioid or a study drug in a double-blind fashion. Setting: University medical center. Patients: Eighty patients who underwent breast biopsy, lumpectomy, or central venous catheter placement. Interventions: Patients received either ketorolac 1 mg/kg intravenously (IV) up to a total dose of 60 mg or fentanyl 3 μg/kg IV up to a total dose of 250 μg to supplement the local anesthetic. Measurements and Main Results: Verbal pain evaluation and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used for perioperative measurement of pain. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded before and after analgesic drug injections at 10-minute intervals, both intraoperatively and while the patient was in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Speed of recovery was quantified by p -deletion and digit substitution tests on admission to the PACU and at 30-minute intervals until discharge. The frequency of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were recorded. There were no differences between the groups in perioperative verbal pain evaluation, VAS scores, HR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or RR. Patients who received ketorolac exhibited a significantly lower frequency of intraoperative and postoperative medication administration intraoperatively, than those who received fentanyl. No additional pain medication was required by patients in the PACU in either group. Conclusions: Ketorolac is a useful alternative to fentanyl for the treatment of intraoperative pain refractory to the administration of local anesthetic alone during monitored anesthesia care. A decided advantage of ketorolac over fentanyl is the absence of nausea and vomiting in the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Fracture of the carpal scaphoid in children. A clinical and roentgenological study of 108 cases.

A series of 108 carpal scaphoid fractures in children was analysed with respect to the site, type and treatment of the fracture. the patients were followed until radiological fusion occurred. All fractures united and healed completely with conservative treatment. Ninety—four fractures, 41 of which were avulsions, were located in the distal third of the scaphoid. There were 13 waist fractures, and one avulsion fracture was located in the proximal pole of the scaphoid. the great number of avulsion fractures and the location of the fractures in the distal third of the scaphoid is very typical in children. in three neglected cases marked bone resorption was seen on the fracture surface 3 weeks after the injury. Because non—union is possible especially in neglected cases of waist fractures, control radiographs should be taken 1 or 2 weeks after the injury if the fracture is not visible on the primary radiographs but is suspected clinically. Immobilization with an adequate plaster cast is mandatory in all trans...
Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure

The care of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure is being reshaped by the availability and understanding of several novel and emerging heart failure biomarkers. The gold standard biomarkers in heart failure are B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, which play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of acute decompensated heart failure. Novel biomarkers that are increasingly involved in the processes of myocardial injury, neurohormonal activation, and ventricular remodeling are showing promise in improving diagnosis and prognosis among patients with acute decompensated heart failure. These include midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide, soluble ST2, galectin-3, highly-sensitive troponin, and midregional proadrenomedullin. There has also been an emergence of biomarkers for evaluation of acute decompensated heart failure that assist in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea, such as procalcitonin (for identification of acute pneumonia), as well as markers that predict complications of acute decompensated heart failure, such as renal injury markers. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology and usefulness of established and emerging biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and management of acute decompensated heart failure.
Analytical DC model for p-type QW-HEMTs for CAD applications

An analytical charge control model for p-type insulated-gate inverted-structure high electron mobility transistors (I2-HEMTs) and double heterojunction high electron mobility transistors (DH-HEMTs) has been developed. In this model the quasitriangular potential well approximation is used to relate the top-heterojunction Fermi potential to the 2DHG concentration inside the quantum well. Based on this charge-control model, an accurate DC current-voltage relationship is obtained. The results from this model are found to be in agreement with the experimental results
Marketing Your Library with The Big Read

The Big Read was developed by the National Endowment for the Arts to revitalize the role of culture in American society and encourage the reading of landmark literature. Each year since 2007, the DeKalb Public Library, Northern Illinois University, and Kishwaukee Community College have partnered to foster literacy in the community. This article describes innovative programming and encourages community college librarians to take the initiative by partnering with local libraries in hosting Big Read activities.
Leiomyosarcoma in urinary bladder after cyclophosphamide therapy for retinoblastoma and review of bladder sarcomas

We report an unusual case of a leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder after chemotherapy for retinoblastoma and the results of a review of the published reports of bladder sarcomas. A 22-year-old man presented with hematuria and was found to have a mass in his urinary bladder on computed tomography. Transurethral resection of the mass revealed a leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent radical cystectomy and an ileal conduit was created. The final pathologic examination confirmed high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Prospective randomized combination trials similar to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study in the pediatric population are necessary to better understand and manage these potentially curable sarcomas.
Mechanisms of Controlled Release from Silk Fibroin Films

The controlled release of fluorescein-iso-thio-cyanate (FITC)-labeled dextrans from methanol-treated and untreated silk fibroin films was modeled to characterize the release kinetics and mechanisms. Silk films were prepared with FITC-dextrans of various molecular weights (4, 10, 20, 40 kDa). Methanol treatment was used to promote crystallinity. The release data were assessed with two different models, an empirical exponential equation commonly fit to release data and a mechanism-based semiempirical model derived from Fickian diffusion through a porous film. The FITC-dextran release kinetics were evaluated as a function of molecular weight and compared between the untreated- and methanol-treated films. For the empirical model, the estimated values of the model parameters decreased with the molecular weight of the analyte and showed no significant difference between untreated- and methanol-treated films. For the diffusion-based model, the estimated diffusion coefficient was smaller for the methanol-treated films than for the untreated films. Also, the diffusion coefficient was observed to decrease linearly with increasing molecular weight of the analyte. The percent of FITC-dextran loading entrapped and not released was less for the methanol-treated films than for untreated films and linearly increased with molecular weight. A linear regression was fit to the relationship between molecular weight and the percent of entrapped FITC-dextran particles. Using these defined linear relationships, we present an updated version of the diffusion model for simulating release of FITC-dextran of varied molecular weights from methanol-treated and untreated silk films.
5 Volt Plateau in LiMn2 O 4 Thin Films

A plateau with a median voltage of {approximately} 5 V, possibly due to Li{sup +} ions occupying octahedral sites in the spinel structure, has been observed on charging crystalline spinel LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin-film cathodes to 5.3 V. The total charge extracted from the 4 and 5 V plateaus corresponds to 1 Li/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, but the distribution of capacity between the two plateaus varies from film to film. After charging to 5.3 V, the cathodes were irreversibly changed: the capacity of the 4 V plateau increased by as much as 50%, but the cell resistance also increased significantly due to degradation of the cathode.
The flavonoids of Megalodonta beckii and isolation of 2′-3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-glucosyl chalcone

A new naturally occurring chalcone glycoside, 2′,-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-O-β-d-glucosyl chalcone, and other chalcones, aurones, flavonols, and anthocyanins are reported from Megalodonta (Bidens) beckii. The plan is an amphibious aquatic with heterophyllous leaves, but the presence of certain flavonoids is correlated with vegetative versus floral tissues rather than vegetative leaf form. The implications of flavonoid chemistry with respect to the relationship of M. beckii to several sections of Bidens are discussed.
A sibling adoption study of adult attachment: The influence of shared environment on attachment states of mind

This study extends existing research investigating sibling concordance on attachment by examining concordance for adult attachment in a sample of 126 genetically unrelated sibling pairs. The Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985; Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2003) was used to assess states of mind with regard to attachment. The average age of the participants was 39 years old. The distribution of attachment classifications was independent of adoptive status. Attachment concordance rates were unassociated with gender concordance and sibling age difference. Concordance for autonomous/non-autonomous classifications was significant at 61% as was concordance for primary classifications at 53%. The concordance rate for not-unresolved/unresolved was non-significant at 67%. Our findings demonstrate similarity of working models of attachment between siblings independent of genetic relatedness between siblings and generations (i.e., parent and child). These findings extend previous research by further implicating shared environment as a major influence on sibling similarities on organized patterns of attachment in adulthood. The non-significant concordance for the unresolved classification suggests that unresolved loss or trauma may be less influenced by shared environment and more likely to be influenced by post-childhood experiences or genetic factors.
Riparian reforestation and channel change: how long does it take?

Repeated measurements of two small streams in northeastern Vermont document change in channel width and suggest variable rates of widening because of passive reforestation over four decades. Historic data on channel width are available for several tributaries to Sleepers River in Danville, VT, USA from the 1960s. In 2004 and 2008, we re-measured channel dimensions in two of these tributaries, in two reaches of upper Pope Brook and along seven reaches of an unnamed tributary (W12). Four reaches had reforested since 1966; two reaches remained nonforested. The other three reaches have been forested since at least the 1940s. Comparisons between 1966 and 2004 showed that reforested reaches widened significantly, and comparisons between 2004 and 2008 showed continued widening, but at a greater rate. Between 1966 and 2004, reforested reaches widened at an average rate of 4.1 cm/year, while the rate more than doubled for the last four years (8.7 cm/year). Additionally, turbulence data collected during five peak flows in the spring of 2005 showed significantly greater turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the reforested reach than in either the forested or nonforested reach. Our data add supporting information to the conceptual model of stream W12 that describes a process of incision, widening, and recovery of a stream reach transitioning from nonforested to forested riparian vegetation.
The Need for Better Research in Technical Communication

Technical communication is not one discipline but three, each addressing its own distinctive set of problems and applying its own particular criteria when deciding which of the alternative solution...
Assessment of the Contributions of Clinician Educators

Clinician educators play a vital role at medical schools. The number of clinician educators and the scope of their responsibility have grown at academic medical centers over the last two decades 1 . Clinician educators provide expert patient care that has become critical to the financial viability of medical centers. Clinician educators also teach and supervise medical students and residents in the inpatient and, increasingly, in the ambulatory setting 2 . Despite clinical expertise and enthusiasm and skill for teaching, clinician educators face many challenges in sustaining and growing their academic careers. They experience varying and often unclear criteria by which their qualifications for promotion are judged. Clinical departments lack consistent measures to assess expertise in clinical care and teaching, and frequently default to evaluating clinician educators using criteria designed for researchers 2 . However, clinician educators typically shoulder large clinical commitments that make it difficult or impossible for them to produce scholarship at a level comparable to those with substantial protected time for
Direct Observation of Photodriven Intermolecular Hole Transfer across TiO2 Nanocrystallites: Lateral Self-Exchange Reactions and Catalyst Oxidation

Photoselection of Ru(II)-polypyridyl sensitizers with polarized pulsed-light excitation, when anchored to TiO2 nanocrystallites interconnected in a mesoporous thin film, results in an anisotropic distribution of excited sensitizers. Under conditions where excited-state sensitizers efficiently inject electrons into TiO2, the resulting oxidized sensitizers exhibit an initial anisotropy in their absorption difference spectra. Over the course of the charge-separated lifetime for many sensitizers, the transient absorption anisotropy signal decays to nearly zero indicative of lateral self-exchange hole-transfer reactions at the interface. When a cobalt metalloporphyrin catalyst was coanchored to the sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 film, excited-state injection was followed by lateral hole transfer to oxidize the surface-bound catalyst.
Preference for Human or Animal Drawings among Normal and Addicted Males

Much theorizing and clinical research on drawing techniques has appeared in the Literature within the past several years. Machover (3) has examined some of the projective value of human drawings, and Buck (2) has included the house and tree for further personality considerations. Little consideration has been given to the drawings of animal figures. The inclusion of some animal drawings obtained with either Machover's or Buck's technique has been noted by clinicians, but this inclusion has been given only incidental interpretative significance. Clinical investigation of fables, myths, dreams, and some phobic states often includes observation of animal figures. This suggests that animal figures have certain characteristics that the human personality can use as a vehicle for the expression of repressed emotions and motivations. Productions by children indicate that the drawings of non-aggressive animals are usually associated with, and a projection of mild, passive traits; whereas, the drawings of aggressive animals are closely related to manifestations of neurotic conflict within children (4). A previous study, which assumed that animal drawings would offer more information on the body image, made diagnostic use of such drawings in conjunction with the drawing of the house, tree and person. This investigation discussed the value of symbolism in animal drawings (1). The order of human figure drawings, i.e., whether S tends to produce the male or female figure initially, has been carefully investigated. One of the present authors has demonstrated that chronic alcoholics tend to draw the opposite sex first with a significantly greater frequency than a nonalcoholic male population (5). Nowhere in the literature do we find indications regarding the order of the human or animal figure, if an S is offered a free choice. The significance of choosing the animal figure initially, for both a normal as well as a psychopathological population, requires some investigation. It was the purpose of this study to determine the incidence of animal drawings in a normal population when Ss are instructed to either draw a person or animal, and secondly, to determine whether the incidence of animal drawings for a pathological population, given similar instructions, is significantly different from that of the normal group. And finally, some of the theoretical considerations of choosing the animal drawings initially will be evaluated.
Fluss et al. reply.

A reply to the comment on Evidence for a common high-temperature superconducting effect in LaSrCuO and YBaCuO is presented.It is conteted that a short diffusion length for thermalized positrons enables to probe the bulk properties of polycrystaline samples of the above mensioned in which the grain sizes were measured to be 10 to the power -6 meter,and thus to compare the results with the single-crystal YBaCuO. (AIP)
Multibody correlations in the hydrophobic solvation of glycine peptides.

Protein collapse during folding is often assumed to be driven by a hydrophobic solvation energy (ΔGvdw) that scales linearly with solvent-accessible surface area (A). In a previous study, we argued that ΔGvdw, as well as its attractive (ΔGatt) and repulsive (ΔGrep) components, was not simply a linear function of A. We found that the surface tensions, γrep, γatt, and γvdw, gotten from ΔGrep, ΔGatt, and ΔGvdw against A for four configurations of deca-alanine differed from those obtained for a set of alkanes. In the present study, we extend our analysis to fifty decaglycine structures and atomic decompositions. We find that different configurations of decaglycine generate different estimates of γrep. Additionally, we considered the reconstruction of the solvation free energy from scaling the free energy of solvation of each atom type, free in solution. The free energy of the isolated atoms, scaled by the inverse surface area the atom would expose in the molecule does not reproduce the γrep for the intact decaglycines. Finally, γatt for the decaglycine conformations is much larger in magnitude than those for deca-alanine or the alkanes, leading to large negative values of γvdw (−74 and −56 cal/mol/A2 for CHARMM27 and AMBER ff12sb force fields, respectively). These findings imply that ΔGvdw favors extended rather than compact structures for decaglycine. We find that ΔGrep and ΔGvdw have complicated dependencies on multibody correlations between solute atoms, on the geometry of the molecular surface, and on the chemical identities of the atoms.
Race Relations in an Evangelical and a Catholic Urban High School

Researchers assessed through quantitative and qualitative methods the relationships among high school students of different racial/ethnic groups in two high-performing urban high schools, one Evangelical and the other Catholic, and explored with students and staff the effect of the distinctive mission and religious worldview of each school on student self-understanding and those relationships. This investigation suggests that the students at the Catholic school place a stronger emphasis upon “making it” in professional careers, while those at the Evangelical school were relatively more focused upon being a transforming influence upon society.
A Tarsiid Primate and a Mixodectid from the Poway Eocene, California.

Following the discovery and description of a titanothere [1] in the Poway sands of San Diego County, continued excavation in this important Eocene horizon has produced small lots of mammalian remains. One of these included specimens of a tarsiid primate and a mixodectid. Worthy of mention is the fact that the former represents a third member of the Tarsiidae to be discovered in the early Tertiary of the Pacific Coast region. Since the Poway fauna possesses considerable significance in any attempt to correlate the later Eocene horizons of the Pacific Coast with those of the Cordilleran Province, it seems desirable to place on record these new mammals from the Poway.
Hardening by spinodally modulated structure in b.c.c. alloys

Abstract Hardening by composition modulation during the spinodal decomposition in b.c.c. alloys is discussed. It is found that two main factors determine the magnitude of incremental yield stress in modulated alloys: (il misfit effect by the coherent internal stress due to the decomposition and (ii) modulus effect by the spacial variation of elastic modulus in the modulated structure. The second factor becomes important if a wide-range decomposition is associated with a large variation in the shear modulus. The mechanism and the magnitude of each factor are theoretically discussed and compared with the limited experimental results available.
On connections and higher-order logic

This is an expository introduction to an approach to theorem proving in higher-order logic based on establishing appropriate connections between subformulas of an expanded form of the theorem to be proved. Expansion trees and expansion proofs play key roles.
An empirical investigation of integration in healthcare alliance networks

Healthcare alliance networks have developed rapidly in the US. Yet, research has not kept pace. This study examines two interrelated healthcare research needs-the value of information technology (IT) and the complementarity of IT with process and decision-making (PDM) integration. Hypotheses relate (i) IT integration, (ii) PDM integration, and (iii) alliance network integration (complementarity of i and ii) to performance. The mixed results lend support to the complementarity of IT with PDM integration and call for a more holistic perspective of healthcare alliance network.
Radial migration of spherical particles in couette systems

Several studies have been made in Couette systems of the primary motion (angular translation and rotation) of spheres suspended in viscous liquids. Radial migration trajectories, however, have been unreported for single spheres. In this study, a prediction of radial migration is developed and compared with experimental measurements. The predicted trajectories were found to agree well with the measured ones. Ultimately, radially migrating spheres reached an equilibrium position located approximately midway between the cylinder walls. The model developed predicted an equilibrium position just slightly inside the midpoint, while measured equilibrium positions fell between the midpoint and 0.4, the annular thickness from the inner cylinder walls. The differences in equilibrium positions are attributed to the approximate nature of the model.
Probing protein fold space with a simplified model.

Abstract We probe the stability and near-native energy landscape of protein fold space using powerful conformational sampling methods together with simple reduced models and statistical potentials. Fold space is represented by a set of 280 protein domains spanning all topological classes and having a wide range of lengths (33–300 residues) amino acid composition and number of secondary structural elements. The degrees of freedom are taken as the loop torsion angles. This choice preserves the native secondary structure but allows the tertiary structure to change. The proteins are represented by three-point per residue, three-dimensional models with statistical potentials derived from a knowledge-based study of known protein structures. When this space is sampled by a combination of parallel tempering and equi-energy Monte Carlo, we find that the three-point model captures the known stability of protein native structures with stable energy basins that are near-native (all α: 4.77 A, all β: 2.93 A, α/β: 3.09 A, α+β: 4.89 A on average and within 6 A for 71.41%, 92.85%, 94.29% and 64.28% for all-α, all-β, α/β and α+β, classes, respectively). Denatured structures also occur and these have interesting structural properties that shed light on the different landscape characteristics of α and β folds. We find that α/β proteins with alternating α and β segments (such as the β-barrel) are more stable than proteins in other fold classes.
Fermionic superfluid properties in a one-dimensional optical lattice

We discuss various superfluid properties of a two-component Fermi system in the presence of a tight one-dimensional periodic potential in a three-dimensional system. We use zero temperature mean field theory and derive analytical expressions for the Josephson current, the sound velocity, and the center-of-mass oscillations in the Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer-Bose Einstein condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover region.
Management of hepatitis B in pregnancy: weighing the options

Maternal screening and active and passive immunoprophylaxis have reduced the perinatal, or vertical, transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) dramatically. Without immunoprophylaxis, chronic HBV infection occurs in up to 90% of children by age 6 months if the mother is positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Even with immunoprophylaxis, perinatal transmission is possible when the mother is highly viremic and HBeAg positive. Antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy in high-risk women with chronic HBV infection reduces viral load in the mother and may decrease the risk of perinatal transmission, although data are lacking. Safety data in pregnancy are most robust with lamivudine and tenofovir compared with other therapies. Careful discussion with the patient regarding the risks and benefits of therapy is warranted. Prophylaxis remains the best method of prevention of perinatal transmission.
APIX: Analysis From Pixellated Inputs in Early Design Using a Pen-Based Interface

Product development is seeing a paradigm shift in the form of a simulation-driven approach. Recently, companies and designers have started to realize that simulation has the biggest impact when used as a concept verification tool in early stages of design. Early stage simulation tools like ANSYS TM Design Space and SIMULIA TM DesignSight Structure help to overcome the limitations in traditional product development processes where analyses are carried out by a separate group and not the designers. Most of these commercial tools still require well defined solid models as input and do not support freehand sketches, an integral part of the early design stage of product development. To this extent, we present APIX (acronym for Analysis from Pixellated Inputs), a tool for quick analysis of two dimensional mechanical sketches and parts from their static images using a pen-based interface. The input to the system can be offline (paper) sketches and diagrams, which include scanned legacy drawings and freehand sketches. In addition, images of twodimensional projections of three dimensional mechanical parts can also be input. We have developed an approach to extract a set of boundary contours to represent a pixellated image using known image processing algorithms. The idea is to convert the input images to online sketches and use existing stroke-based recognition techniques for further processing. The converted sketch can now be edited, segmented, recognized, merged, solved
C-PAL: cultural-based programming for adult learners

If the number of culturally and technologically proficient computer scientist, engineers or interface designers are to grow, if we are to level the playing field in computing education we will need to introduce more culturally meaningful computing education. Effective programming instruction should utilize the learner's cultural experience as an index of their prior knowledge to create a foundation for understanding. The goal of this paper is to discuss the design of a research endeavor that will create a foundation for long term and adaptive solutions to adult learners' barriers to participation in computing education and open windows of opportunity that have not existed before.
Monoamine oxidase: to B or not to B?

Abstract That the enzyme, monoamine oxidase (E.C. 1.4.3.4. amine: O 2 oxidoreductase, MAO) exists in multiple forms was first suggested by Johnston (1) who studied the effects of the irreversible inhibitor clorgyline on MAO. It has been proposed that MAO can be classified into two types, A and B, according to their inhibitor sensitivity and substrate specificity. Type A MAO was found to be solely responsible for the deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and shows high sensitivity to clorgyline, while type B MAO metabolizes 2-phenethylamine (PEA) and benzylamine (BA) and is less sensitive to clorgyline. Subsequently, it was shown that type B MAO is highly sensitive to the irreversible inhibitor deprenyl (2). Recently, the “multiple forms” concept has been questioned (3–5) mainly because of increasing evidence which is contradictory to some earlier findings. As an alternative, another hypothesis was put forward insinuating that MAO is an enzyme with multiple binding sites but only one molecular entity (3,4,6,7). This account will focus on some experimental findings accumulated mainly since 1978 and which, although equivocal, strongly support the “one molecular entity” hypothesis of MAO.
The clausal left periphery in child Spanish and German

Evidence from child language development supports the position that overt subjects in Southern Romance languages are left-peripheral, Topic-Focus constituents. Specifically, overt subjects begin to be used at the same time as other less controversially left-peripheral, Topic-Focus constituents, such as fronted objects and wh-questions. However, this interpretation of the data would be much more compelling if it could be shown that these constituents do not emerge at the same time in the speech of children learning languages in which overt subjects are obligatory and largely independent of discourse considerations, such as German. To this end, we examined the speech of three longitudinally studied Spanish-speaking children, Carlos, Eduardo and Graciela, and the speech of two longitudinally studied German-speaking children, Simone and Caroline. We also examined the German data of Katrin and Andreas, which was collected on a single day for each. While the Spanish-speaking children begin productively using overt subjects, fronted objects and wh-questions at a statistically similar point in development, the German-speaking children’s data show that overt subjects begin to be used significantly earlier than do fronted elements and wh-questions. This supports the argument that child Southern Romance and child German are different with respect to the timing of the development of these constituents. We believe that this reflects the children’s early knowledge of the structure of their target adult languages, which in the case of Southern Romance, includes left-peripheral, discourse-sensitive subjects.
Inverse patterns in successful finger-maze acquisition performance by right-handed males and left-handed females

In a finger-maze acquisition task, 23% of 197 potential subjects failed to meet time criteria. The pattern of acquisition across different handedness-sex groups suggests that weaker lateralization and greater bihemispheric dominance in association with non-righthandedness or female sex may have adversely influenced finger-maze acquisition performance. The one exception to the expected pattern was that the proportion of left-handed female acquirers was very similar to that of right-handed males. These results may reflect a stronger lateralization to and dominance of the right cerebral hemisphere in left-handed females, in a unique inversion to that in right-handed males.
Immunological and chemical characterization of glycoproteins in IEF fractions of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen

After isoelectric focusing (IEF), fractions of a Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen were analysed for the presence of glycoproteins that may lead to cross-reactivity in immunoassays for the diagnosis of blastomycosis. Five major glycoproteins were apparent, two of which showed cross-reactivity when used in Western blots with sera obtained from dogs with histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. These five glycoproteins were characterized for linkage to the proteins using N-glycosidase F (NGF) and for their lectin binding properties. The cross-reactive 235- and 160-kDa glycoproteins were found to possess mainly O-linked, high-mannose-type carbohydrates, and periodate-mediated oxidation of these molecules eliminated cross-reactivity observed with heterologous sera. Thus, the periodate-treated IEF antigens described here may be useful in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of blastomycosis.