cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery and Reuse of a Surfactant in Ion Flotation

Abstract The feasibility of virtually any commercial-scale ion flotation (foam separation) process depends on the recovery and reuse of the surfactant used as the flotation agent. For aqueous solutions of acid chromate complexed with a cationic quaternary ammonium salt, ethylhexadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide, a variety of paths are investigated to split the complex and to separate and recover the surfactant. These include acid chromate reduction with NaHSO3 or SnCl2 followed by sorption of the surfactant by and elution from a polymeric resin, Rohm and Haas Amberlite XAD-2. The most promising path is reduction of the acid chromate with NaHSO3 at pH 2–3, extraction with isopropanol—chloroform in a 1:1 ratio, vacuum distillation of the solvents, and redissolution of the surfactant in aqueous solution. The minimum HSO3/Cr ratio is established, distribution coefficients for the extraction are determined, and the recovered surfactant is tested in several ion flotation experiments, making a comparison with fres...
Multiple Parting Surfaces for Sand Casting

Multiple parting surfaces are frequently used in sand casting, die casting and injection molding processes. However, most research in this area has focused on die casting and injection molding. Parting surfaces for die casting and injection molding are relatively easier to compute compared to sand casting because their orientations and shapes are less restricted. In sand casting, the parting surfaces have to be parallel to each other and perfectly flat to permit the use of flasks with more than two pieces. The concepts of visibility and object illumination can be used to divide an object into two parts using a single parting surface. These methods, however, cannot be directly used for multiple parting surfaces. In this paper, a methodology to generate multiple parting surfaces for sand casting is described. The method uses Gauss maps to identify potential casting directions, and global accessibility cones to determine which faces can be cast in the same part of the pattern. The pattern is sliced using parallel planes such that each slice can be withdrawn from the mold in at least one direction. After the object is sliced, the number of parting surfaces is reduced by combining adjacent middle sections depending on their accessible directions.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Lying in Politics: The Case of George W. Bush and Iraq

In this article, the author places the Downing Street Memo in the context of the Bush administration propensity for pursuing a politics of lying. In the past, conservatives traditionally defended v...
Energies of analog levels

Prescriptions for computation of Coulomb displacement energies for 1/2{sup +} analog levels in light nuclei using Woods-Saxon wells are discussed. Behavior at high energy sets a limit to their applicability.
Understanding mechanics and stress effects in Rainbow and Thunder stress-biased actuators

ABSTRACT Rainbow and Thunder actuators constitute a family of "stress-biased" devices that display enhanced strain and load-bearingcapabilities in comparison to traditional flextensional devices. For both of these actuators, doming occurs during the coolingphase of the fabrication process to relieve thermal expansion mismatch between the metallic and piezoelectric layers.Accompanying dome formation is the development of a tensile stress within the surface region of the piezoelectric layer thatcan approach 400 MPa. This tensile stress affects the ferroelectric domain configuration and improves the 900 domain wallmovement within the surface region ofthe piezoelectric under an applied electric field. It has been reported that this effect isresponsible for the enhanced electromechanical performance of these devices. The results of the present study, however,suggest that in addition to stress, other mechanical and mass loading effects may also play a role in the enhanced performanceof these devices. Equivalent circuit and finite element modeling studies of these stress-biased actuators are reported, and inparticular, the effects of specimen geometry on internal stress in the piezoelectric layer are discussed. Finite element analysisshows that in the surface region of the piezoelectric, the highest tensile stresses are, in fact, predicted for those devices thatdisplay the greatest displacement performance; i.e., devices that have a piezoelectric layer that is approximately twice asthick as the "metallic" layer. However, equivalent circuit studies show that the highest predicted strains should also beobserved for samples with similar geometries yet this approach does not include stress effects. This implies that not onlystress, but also mass loading and other mechanical effects must also be considered in predicting optimum design geometries.Keywords: Rainbow actuator, Thunder actuator, equivalent circuit modeling, stress effects, fmite element modeling
Spatial fidelity of skeletal remains: elk wintering and calving grounds revealed by bones on the Yellowstone landscape

The spatial distributions of bones on landscape surfaces (death assemblages) may contain high-quality data on species' landscape use. Previous investigations into the spatial fidelity of death assemblages focused on general habitat preferences of the source community. Using well-studied elk populations of Yellowstone National Park, I test the geographic sensitivity of death assemblages by assessing the fidelity of shed elk antlers to the distribution of bull elk in late winter (documented through aerial surveys). I also test the geographic fidelity of newborn calf bones to known calving areas. The spatial distribution of antlers is highly faithful to bull elk landscape use, describing the decadally averaged distribution of wintering grounds as well or better than individual aerial surveys. Discrepancies in geographic distributions between recent wintering patterns and the multi-decadal antler assemblage also suggests differences in winter landscape use between current and historical (wolf-free) populations. Neonatal remains, including those partially consumed by carnivores, were always recovered in known calving areas, and all sampled calving grounds produced neonatal bones. Bone surveys are a new, minimally invasive, low-impact tool for obtaining high-quality historically informed data on species' geographic and habitat requirements. This tool will be particularly useful for managing sensitive species, fragile ecosystems, and poorly studied regions.
Asymmetric Epoxy Cyclohexenyl Sulfones: Readily Accessible Progenitors of Stereodefined Six-Carbon Arrays1

Enantiopure epoxy vinyl sulfones serve as highly effective substrates for a variety of stereo- and regiospecific oxidation and nucleophilic functionalization reactions. These materials can be easily transformed to cyclic and acyclic six-carbon segments. Nucleophilic epoxidation of 3a,b followed by palladium[0] catalysis enables access to differentially protected arene diols 21 and 22.
Effects of chemical bonding on heat transport across interfaces

Interfaces often dictate heat flow in micro- and nanostructured systems. However, despite the growing importance of thermal management in micro- and nanoscale devices, a unified understanding of the atomic-scale structural features contributing to interfacial heat transport does not exist. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate a link between interfacial bonding character and thermal conductance at the atomic level. Our experimental system consists of a gold film transfer-printed to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with systematically varied termination chemistries. Using a combination of ultrafast pump-probe techniques (time-domain thermoreflectance, TDTR, and picosecond acoustics) and laser spallation experiments, we independently measure and correlate changes in bonding strength and heat flow at the gold-SAM interface. For example, we experimentally demonstrate that varying the density of covalent bonds within this single bonding layer modulates both interfacial stiffness and interfacial thermal conductance. We believe that this experimental system will enable future quantification of other interfacial phenomena and will be a critical tool to stimulate and validate new theories describing the mechanisms of interfacial heat transport. Ultimately, these findings will impact applications, including thermoelectric energy harvesting, microelectronics cooling, and spatial targeting for hyperthermal therapeutics.
Studies of activating and nonactivating metal ion binding to yeast enolase.

Abstract Measurements of binding of certain divalent cations to yeast apoenolase were made using a pH-meter, chromatography, a divalent cation electrode, and ultrafiltration. The binding of the activating metal ions Mg2+ and Co2+ and the nonactivator Ca2+ were studied as functions of the presence or absence of substrate/product, phosphate, and fluoride or level of Tb3+. The data suggest phosphate and fluoride increase Mg2+ binding but not Ca2+ binding. Substrate/product appears to increase Ca2+ binding as well as that of Mg2+ and Co2+. In the presence of substrate, Co2+ binding was 5–6 mol mol dimer. In the absence of substrate/product, Tb2+ reduced Co2+ binding from 4 mol mol to 2. These data are interpreted in terms of binding to “conformational,” “catalytic” (substrate/product dependent), and “inhibitory” sites. Measurements of Tb3+ fluorescence quenching by Co2+ suggested that the distance between “conformational” sites on the two subunits was large, while the distance between “conformational” and “inhibitory” sites was ca. 17± 4 A. Potentiometric titrations of apoenzyme with Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed that the metal ions produced the same proton release in the presence or absence of substrate/product. If phosphate and fluoride were present, then more protons were released if Ca2+ was the titrant rather than Mg2+, suggesting a difference in ionization state in the complex with the activating metal. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of Co2+ binding to the various sites in the enzyme are presented. The Co2+ bound to all three sites appears to be high spin, consistent with a preponderance of oxyligands in an octahedral environment. Substrate, citrate, and a strongly binding substrate analogue strongly enhance the hyperfine structure of conformational Co2+. This is interpreted as the result of a change in interaction of an axial ligand to conformational Co2+ produced by carbon-3 of substrate or analogue.
Uptake of Acetic Acid on Thin Ammonium Nitrate Films as a Function of Temperature and Relative Humidity

The interaction of acetic acid with thin ammonium nitrate (AN) films has been studied using a Knudsen cell-flow reactor coupled with Fourier transform infrared−reflection absorption spectroscopy (F...
Serum Creatinine Concentrations in Retired Racing Greyhounds

Background: Greyhounds frequently have laboratory values that are outside reference intervals established for dogs. Our recognition of increased serum creatinine concentrations in several Greyhounds posed a problem when evaluating a Greyhound with suspected renal disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare serum creatinine concentrations between Greyhound and non-Greyhound dogs. Methods: Thirty retired racing Greyhounds and 30 age- and gender-matched control nonGreyhound dogs were evaluated. Serum creatinine concentrations in both groups were measured using a standard biochemical method and compared statistically using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Creatinine concentration was significantly higher in the Greyhounds (P < .01) than in the control group. Conclusion: Greyhounds have a higher serum creatinine concentration than do non-Greyhound dogs. This idiosyncrasy should be taken into account when evaluating healthy Greyhounds and those with suspected renal disease. (Vet Clin Pathol. 2003;32:00-00) ©2003 by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology
The Linguistics of Color Blind Racism: How to Talk Nasty about Blacks without Sounding “Racist”

In this paper I argue that color blind racism, the central racial ideology of the post-civil rights era, has a peculiar style characterized by slipperiness, apparent nonracialism, and ambivalence. This style fi ts quite well the normative climate of the country as well as the central frames of color blind racism. I document in the paper fi ve stylistic components of this ideology, namely, (1) whites' avoidance of direct racial language, (2) the central rhetorical strategies or “semantic moves” used by whites to safely express their racial views, (3) the role of projection, (4) the role of diminutives, and (5) how incursions into forbidden issues produce almost total incoherence among many whites. I conclude the paper with a discussion on how this style enhances the ideological menace of color blind racism.
Africa, asia & anxieties about globalisation

For a number of African finance ministers, October 1998 was a month of heavy travel. First came the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank in Washington, then a little more than a week later the Second Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD-I1). In Washington, the Asian financial crisis and its impact on the world economy was the major preoccupation, yet, as Finance Minister Cassim Chilumpha of Malawi later remarked, the discussions unfolded as if Africa scarcely existed. In Tokyo, by contrast, Africa took centre stage. Delegations came from virtually every African country including 13 African heads of state or government to discuss the continent's development prospects with Japanese and other Asian leaders, as well as with representatives from major Western donor governments and agencies.
Amuletic Inscriptions and the Background of YHWH as Guardian and Protector in Psalm 12

The last three verses of Psalm 12 have long posed a variety of problems for interpreters. As a result, a number of studies have argued that certain textual emendations should be made to clarify their meaning. The present study argues that the MT reading should be retained and in fact makes good sense in light of the larger message of the Psalm. In particular, the following contends that the enigmatic phrase blyl in verse 7 should be understood as a reference to the types of Iron Age smelting furnaces, which were partially sunk into the ground. Moreover, the use of the dyad “guard” (smr) and “protect” (nr) in the following verse is reminiscent of several amulets, which contain these two verbs inscribed on their surfaces. The occurrence of these two verbs on the amulets indicates that they formed a stock protective formula during the Iron Age. As a result, I argue below that the reference to the smelting furnace in verse 7 and the use of the dyad in the following verse allows for a conclusion that the imagery in these verses may have originated from the practice of forming and inscribing metal amulets.
Search and herding effects in peer-to-peer lending: evidence from prosper.com

I examine loan data from Prosper.com—a website which allows borrowers to post loans and for lenders to bid on those loans. The Prosper market somewhat resembles the theoretical model of search, herding, and crowding in a large market described in Berkovich and Tayon (Phd. dissertation—Essays on search and herding. University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, 2009). That model predicts that assets with high and low prices have high variance in the difference between price and true value. These extreme price regions of the asset-space are where private information provides excess returns. In the Prosper market, I find some evidence for the model since loans with low ex post returns show higher variance of the difference between price and ex post return. I also find that high-priced loans provide excess returns even after accounting for risk-aversion.
Importance of circadian rhythms in animal cell cultures

Abstract 1. 1. Circadian rhythms are a characteristic feature of many cell and organ cultures. 2. 2. Such rhythms may be important in the interpretation of data from cells in culture. 3. 3. More examples of circadian rhythms in tissue culture are badly needed to understand this phenomena. However, they will only be expressed under optimum and well-understood conditions.
MISMANAGED URBANIZATION IN AFRICA: THE EXAMPLES OF CAIRO AND LAGOS

ABSTRACT The experiences of Cairo and Lagos epitomise the problems of rapid urbanization in developing countries. Neither city has been able effectively to absorb the stream of work seekers from its impoverished rural hinterland. As a result, Cairo and Lagos face escalating unemployment, chronic housing shortages, and a virtual breakdown in service infrastructure. National development planning and urban management have failed dismally in attempts to devise workable solutions to population pressures and living conditions in the two cities. South African policy makers might learn valuable lessons in how to avoid the pitfalls apparent in the cases of Cairo and Lagos.
Model for Plateau border drainage of power-law fluid with mobile interface and its application to foam drainage

A model for drainage of a power-law fluid through a Plateau border is proposed which accounts for the actual Plateau border geometry and interfacial mobility. The non-dimensionalized Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using finite element method to obtain the contours of velocity within the Plateau border cross section and average Plateau border velocity in terms of dimensionless inverse surface viscosity and power-law rheological parameters. The velocity coefficient, the correction for the average velocity through a Plateau border of actual geometry compared to that for a simplified circular geometry of the same area of cross section, was expressed as a function of dimensionless inverse surface viscosity and flow behavior index of the power-law fluid. The results of this improved model for Plateau border drainage were then incorporated in a previously developed foam drainage model [G. Narsimhan, J. Food Eng. 14 (1991) 139] to predict the evolution of liquid holdup profiles in a standing foam. Foam drainage was found to be slower for actual Plateau border cross section compared to circular geometry and faster for higher interfacial mobility and larger bubble size. Evolution of liquid holdup profiles in a standing foam formed by whipping and stabilized by 0.1% beta-lactoglobulin in the presence of xanthan gum when subjected to 16g and 45g centrifugal force fields was measured using magnetic resonance imaging for different xanthan gum concentrations. Drainage resulted in the formation of a separate liquid layer at the bottom at longer times. Measured bubble size, surface shear viscosity of beta-lactoglobulin solutions and literature values of power-law parameters of xanthan gum solution were employed in the current model to predict the evolution of liquid holdup profile which compared well with the experimental data. Newtonian model for foam drainage for zero shear viscosity underpredicted drainage rates and did not agree with the experimental data.
Toward an embodied-interaction design framework for mathematical concepts

Recent, empirically supported theories of cognition indicate that human reasoning, including mathematical problem solving, is based in tacit spatial-temporal simulated action. Implications of these findings for the philosophy and design of instruction may be momentous. Here, we build on design-based research efforts centered on exploring the potential of embodied interaction (EI) for mathematics learning. We sketch two emerging, reciprocal contributions: (1) a sociocognitive view on the role of automated feedback in building the perceptuomotor schemes that undergird conceptual development; and (2) a heuristic EI design framework. We ground these ideas in vignettes of children engaging an EI design for proportion. Increasing ubiquity and access to mobile devices geared to avail of EI principles suggests the feasibility of mass-disseminating materials evolving from this line of research.
Exocrine Secretions of Scentless Plant Bugs;Jadera,Boisea; Niesthrea species (Hemiptera:Heteroptera: Rhopalidae)

Abstract The so-called scentless plant bugs are actually exceptionally redolent insects. Twenty-two volatile exocrine compounds were identified from eight rhopalid species, including monoterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols, alkenals and ketoalkenals, 2-phenylethanol and (4S,5S)-(+)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide. The lack of species-specificity for the exocrine blends from eastern and western boxelder bugs ( Boisea trivittatus and B. rubrolineatus , respectively) cast doubt on their validity as separate species. The biological roles for the array of exocrines released by rhopalids are largely unknown, but potentially important because boxelder bugs are an increasing urban nuisance and species such as Niesthrea Iouisianica may be useful weed control agents.
Local Coverage of the 2000 Election in North Carolina: Does Civic Journalism Make a Difference?

This article analyzes television broadcasts to determine whether an intent to engage in projects designed to increase issue coverage and citizen involvement leads to a difference in coverage. The findings show that differences in coverage between two CBS affiliates in central North Carolina (WRAL, Raleigh, and WFMY, Greensboro) can be attributed less to WRAL’s participation in the civic journalism project Your Voice Your Vote than to the acceptance of the 5/30 standard to allocate 5 minutes per day to candidate-centered discourse for 30 days before the election. This case study of CBS affiliates in neighboring markets highlights many of the issues that are central to understanding the debate about improving local television election coverage.
Contextualizing African American and Latina Women's Postmastectomy Social Support Experiences: Support Groups and Beyond

Beyond offering social support, cancer support groups can redefine notions of survivorship among group members. This qualitative, interview-based study explored these processes among Latina (n = 20) and African American (n = 27) participants who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. Although we initially focused on support group use, we found that experiences in groups were interdependent with participants’ greater social contexts. These contexts of social support defied distinctions between formal and informal social support. Sharing stories and embodied experiences established connections within and outside of support groups, often transforming random encounters into serendipitous opportunities for social support and exchange.
Viewing the Distribution Restoration Problem as the Dual of the Unit Commitment Problem

This letter explains the duality between the generation unit commitment problem and the distribution restoration problem. The importance of this observation is that extensive analysis and prototyping of efficient solutions to the unit commitment problem can be applied to the distribution restoration problem.
Microbial Causation of the Chronic Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

SUMMARY : The inability to find microbial causes for the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases has caused investigators and physicians to conclude that these IBDs are not infectious diseases. However, given the complexity of the intestinal flora and fauna and our very limited understanding of its microbiology, it is quite possible that one or more etiologic agents for the IBDs exist, but have not been detected. Consideration of a number of models for how persistent microbes could cause disease, as well as an analysis of the specific relationship of Helicobacter pylori to human disease, facilitates new paradigms for analysis of the IBDs. If the IBDs are due to microbial agents, then the numerous immunological abnormalities observed are thus secondary phenomena. The development of a more comprehensive knowledge base of the microbiology of the human intestine in general, and of IBD patients in particular, is most needed for advances to be made toward cure.
Experimental validation of a performance model for a distributed recoverable Boeing 747 flight control system subject to digital upsets

This paper describes a High Intensity Radiated Fields experiment conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center to validate a tracking performance model for a Boeing 747 digital flight control system implemented on a distributed recoverable computing platform which is subject to upsets. While the upset data does not appear to be Markov, it is found that a burst model for the upset process can be introduced so that a Markov jump-linear performance model can reliably provide an upper bound on the tracking error of the system.
Modeling application specific memories

Manufacturers' data sheets express the functionality of memory devices using timing diagrams. The relative time ordering of events can easily be captured in a Hasse diagram, which can then be used as a suitable model to automate behavioral model development.
Biological Properties of Three 3-Heterocyclic-Thiomethyl Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Three new cephalosporin antibiotics, prepared by substitution of heterocyclic groups on 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, possess certain desirable chemical or biological properties. All three compounds are active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these bactericidal antibiotics were not significantly affected by changes in pH or NaCl content of nutrient broth, or by the use of different inoculum sizes. However, agar-dilution MIC values were generally two- to fourfold lower than the MIC values in comparable broth-dilution tests. Stability to cephalosporinase by two of the compounds extended their antibacterial spectra over cephalothin and cephaloridine to include strains of Enterobacter sp. and indole-positive Proteus sp. Binding to serum proteins of the new cephalosporins was intermediate between cephalothin and cephaloridine. Excellent concentrations of the antibiotics were attained in mouse blood, after subcutaneous administration of 20 mg per kg. In vitro biological characteristics of the antibiotics were verified by successful therapy of experimental mouse infections. Regression lines were calculated to show the correlation of agar-dilution MIC values with zones of inhibition by the disc testing procedure. Because each of the three new cephalosporins has certain advantageous properties over cephalothin and cephaloridine, additional toxicological and pharmacological data should be obtained for all three compounds.
The Biology of Coxiella burnetii and the Pathobiochemistry of Q Fever and Its Endotoxicosis

C. burnetii possesses a battery of host-independent enzymes which mediate endergonic and exergonic reactions. The biochemical and biophysical lesions responsible for the organism's obligate intracellular parasitic state have not been identified. Clues to this fundamental problem may lie in the agent's acidophilic metabolism and proliferation within the host cell's phagolysomal vacuole. What are the modifiers of transcription and translation? What constituents of the lysosomal vacuole contribute to the parasite's metabolism? Does the parasite have intrinsic cell-wall synthesizing capability? The isolation of plasmids from C. burnetii opens lines of investigation which should lead to solution of the problem, thereby helping to answer the general question of what is the nature of obligate parasitism. An understanding of the pathobiochemistry of Q fever and of its endotoxicosis rests on elucidating closely interrelated regulatory events. Stimulated hepatic transcription and translation of certain RNA and protein species attend the development of the disease, as do phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of central RNA and protein species. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are central regulators in protein synthesis. Whole animal experiments differ from those with cultured cells in important responses. Glycogenolysis, hepatic steatogenesis, and lipase activation are obvious examples of such differences. Stimulation of the production of lymphokines and of hormones is absent in HepG2 cells, and insulin seems to be critical in regulating the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation equilibrium which leads to regulation of protein synthesis. Newly synthesized, so far unidentified proteins may be involved in convalescence, re-establishing the homeostasis of the uninfected state. The model of pathobiochemical regulation in Q fever and endotoxicosis may be applicable to other febrile infections and endotoxicoses.
Challenging issues in iterative intelligent medical search

Searching for medical information on the Web is highly popular these days. To facilitate ordinary people to perform medical search and preliminary disease self-diagnosis, we have built an intelligent medical Web search engine called iMed. iMed introduces and extends pattern recognition and expert system technology into the search engine domain. It uses medical knowledge and an interactive questionnaire to help searchers form queries. Due to searcherspsila limited medical knowledge and the taskpsilas inherent difficulty, searchers often cannot find desired search results in a single pass and have to search iteratively for multiple passes. For this purpose, iMed provides an iterative search advisor that guides searchers to refine their inputs. Based on our experience in building and using iMed, this paper summarizes the common difficulties faced by ordinary medical information searchers and the research issues that deserve attention from people working in the pattern recognition and medical search areas.
A Comparison of Forgetting for Conscious and Automatic Memory Processes in Word Fragment Completion Tasks

Differential forgetting rates have been used as one argument for separable memory systems for implicit and explicit memory. In a previous study (McBride & Dosher, 1997), however, stem completion performance showed similar forgetting rates for both implicit and explicit instructions. The current study evaluated forgetting for implicit and explicit word-fragment completion. In Experiment 1, forgetting rates were compared for implicit and explicit task performance. Forgetting rates did not differ significantly between the two tasks. In Experiment 2, conscious and automatic memory estimates derived from multinomial models for process dissociation were compared. Forgetting rates for conscious and automatic memory processes did not differ significantly when estimated by a Jacoby equation-based model or by a guessing-elaborated model. Results indicate that forgetting is similar for conscious and automatic memory processes when measured with a fragment completion task for delays up to 45 min. © 2001 Academic Press
Presenting Symptoms and Onset-to-Arrival Time in Patients With Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Delayed arrival to the emergency department (ED) precludes most stroke patients from receiving thrombolytic treatment. Our objective in this study was to examine the association between presenting symptoms and onset-to-arrival time (ie, time between onset of symptoms to arrival at the ED) in a statewide stroke registry. Demographics, clinical data, and presenting symptoms were collected for patients with acute stroke or symptomatic transient ischemic attack (TIA) admitted to 15 Michigan hospitals (n = 1922). Polytomous logistic regression models were developed to test the association between presenting symptoms and onset-to-arrival time (classified as 6 hours/unknown). Onset-to-arrival time was 6 hours/unknown in 59%. Unilateral symptoms (reported by 40%) and speech difficulties (reported by 22%) were associated with increased likelihood of arriving within 2 hours (unilateral: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.9; speech: aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2). Difficulty with walking, balance, or dizziness (12%), confusion (9%), loss of consciousness (6.7%) and falls (3.4%) were associated with lower likelihood of arriving within 2 hours (walking: aOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0; confusion: aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8; consciousness: aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; falls: aOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). Presenting symptoms were strongly associated with time of arrival; patients with unilateral symptoms and speech difficulties were more likely to seek care early. Future studies should consider including more specific patient-level data to identify psychosocial and behavioral aspects of recognition and action to stroke symptoms.
Green versus gold : sources in California's environmental history

Green Versus Gold provides a compelling look at California's environmental history from its Native American past to conflicts and movements of recent decades. Carolyn Merchant has brought together primary sources and interpretive essays to create a comprehensive picture of the history of ecological and human interactions.
Integrating Business Intelligence And Decision Focused Database Methods: A Prescriptive Principles Approach

Inasmuch as the field of Management Information Systems has seen significant changes, business school curriculums have not kept pace with the growing demands in the market. This approach closes that gap between the needs of the market and the products, or students, universities are supplying. Using Prescriptive Principles, this module gives students a business question to be answered, has the instructor demonstrate SQL functions and querying techniques, sets the scene for the students to reflect on the application of this business intelligence project, encourages students to use their previous experience to develop a business strategy to utilize the insight gained from their developed SQL functions, and finally sets up a frame work whereby their findings can be presented to their peers, as business “stakeholders,” and demonstrate their new understanding. Such a method will create students capable of understanding code, but more so, it will create students who will understand how that code can help sustain a business’s growth strategy and its bottom-line.
Vegetation Record for the Last 20,000 Years from a Small Marsh on Lookout Mountain, Northwestern Georgia

Three pollen zones are found in 1 m of sediment from a small marsh on Pigeon Mountain. The oldest, which begins at 19,520 yr B.P. and ends at 10,820 yr B.P., has pollen of pine, spruce, deciduous trees, and herbs, which implies that the plateau was not forested in full-glacial time but that tree pollen was transported to the site from valleys below the plateau. The second zone of late Pleistocene or early Holocene age implies a mesic forest in which beech was a common tree. The youngest zone has pollen of oak, chestnut, sweetgum, and blackgum, representing the modern somewhat xeric oak forest. The site was a pond with water lilies and rooted and submerged aquatic plants at the time of zones P-l and P-2. Subsequently, woody wet-ground plants (such as button-bush, red maple, sweetgum, and willow) invaded the site and converted it into a marsh.
Towards Aware, Adaptive and Autonomic Sensor-Actuator Networks

We propose A3SAN, a framework for context-aware, resource-aware, autonomic, and adaptive management of Sensor-Actuator Networks (SANSs). We introduce new techniques for autonomic network configuration and management in reaction to context and resource dynamics. We propose a novel approach for quantitative context representation and management based on Potential Fields that allows us to quantify interesting events spatiotemporally, and simplifies the fusionand grouping of concurrent contexts. Adaptability is achieved by associating each node in the network with a dynamic Node Affinity Profile, which determines its suitability to serve each event type. Different configuration and management tasks such as clustering, task allocation, and role assignment are carried out using a distributed variant of the Affinity Propagation algorithm. A Fuzzy Logic based decision-making engine provides effective context analysis and conflict resolution between competing tasks, enabling swift adaptation to context and resource dynamics. Using simulation, we evaluate the efficacy of these techniques, and their ability to achieve our goal of efficient and autonomous management of SANs.
A degree of controllability definition - Fundamental concepts and application to modal systems

Starting from basic physical considerations, this paper develops a concept of the degree of controllability of a control system, and then develops numerical methods to generate approximate values of the degree of controllability for any linear time-invariant system. In many problems, such as the control of future, very large, flexible spacecraft and certain chemical process control problems, the question of how to choose the number and locations of the control system actuators is an important one. The results obtained here offer the control system designer a tool which allows him to rank the effectiveness of alternative actuator distributions, and hence to choose the actuator locations on a rational basis. The degree of controllability is shown to take a particularly simple form when the dynamic equations of a satellite are in second-order modal form. The degree of controllability concept has still other fundamental uses - it allows one to study the system structural relations between the various inputs and outputs of a linear system, which has applications to decoupling and model reduction.
“THAT SINGLE-MOTHER ELEMENT”: How White Employers Typify Black Women

Many employers assess their workforces with gendered and racialized imagery that can put groups of workers and applicants at a disadvantage in the labor market. Based on 78 interviews with white employers in Atlanta, the author reveals that some employers use a complex but widely shared stereo-type of Black working-class women as single mothers to typify members of this group. These employers use this single-mother image to explain why they think Black women are poor workers, why they think Black women are reliable workers, and why they think Blacks are poorly prepared for the labor market. In focusing on these white employers' claims, the author concentrates not on the well-documented out-comes of labor market discrimination, such as differential rates of pay and promotion, but on how employers construct and use the images that may from the basis of it. This is especially relevant amid current attacks on affirmative action programs.
The anthropoid postcranial axial skeleton: Comments on development, variation, and evolution

Within-species phenotypic variation is the raw material on which natural selection acts to shape evolutionary change, and understanding more about the developmental genetics of intraspecific as well as interspecific phenotypic variation is an important component of the Evo-Devo agenda. The axial skeleton is a useful system to analyze from such a perspective. Its development is increasingly well understood, and between-species differences in functionally important developmental parameters are well documented. I present data on intraspecific variation in the axial postcranial skeleton of some Primates, including hominoids (apes and humans). Hominoid species are particularly valuable, because counts of total numbers of vertebrae, and hence original somite numbers, are available for large samples. Evolutionary changes in the axial skeleton of various primate lineages, including bipedal humans, are reviewed, and hypotheses presented to explain the changes in terms of developmental genetics. Further relevant experiments on model organisms are suggested in order to explore more fully the differences in developmental processes between primate species, and hence to test these hypotheses.
autoMAC: A Tool for Automating Network Moves, Adds, and Changes

It is often difficult and time-consuming to manage computer 'moves, adds, and changes' that take place in a switched, subnetted environment. It is even more difficult when the accepted network policy requires that a computer be configured and always connected to the network on a specific Virtual LAN (VLAN) based on its usage. An on-going problem is to keep all of the network host information up-to- date, and to ensure that hosts always land on the correct subnet when they are plugged into switch ports. Utilizing some freely-available tools, as well as some home-grown software, we have built a system that automates a number of the tasks associated with moves, adds, and changes.
The Child — Pillar of the Future

In its early years the International Union for Child Welfare co-operated closely with the ICRC. Moreover, the Honorary President of the IUCW, Mrs. A. Morier, has, in a previous issue of our Review , recalled the support which Eglantyne Jebb, the founder of the Save the Children International Union, received from the ICRC in 1920. Since then, the Union has extended internationally and today its membership is drawn from many countries. In September 1964 its General Council met in Athens and the theme discussed was: “Investment in Child Welfare—an essential factor in economic and social planning”. On that occasion, Dr. Georges Sicault presented a paper in which he recalled how the “United Nations Children's Fund” (UNICEF) was born, what its activities were and to what extent one can today actively assist the international movement in favour of child welfare. It gives us much pleasure to publish this interesting paper. (Ed.)
The impact of free goods on the performance of drum-buffer-rope scheduling systems

Abstract The scheduling system theory of constraints (TOC) uses is often referred to as drum-buffer-rope (DBR). DBR systems operate by developing a schedule for the system's primary resource constraint. In TOC, any product that is not processed at the system's primary resource constraint is referred to as a free good. Because free goods do not use capacity at the primary resource constraint, very little attention is given to them under TOC literature. Based on simulation of a job shop operation, this study finds that the performance of DBR is very sensitive to changes in the levels of free goods released into the operation. Therefore, contrary to the way free goods have been treated in the past, schedulers using DBR need to be cognizant of how orders of these items are accepted and scheduled.
Individual Perceptions Of Innovation: A Multi-Dimensional Construct

The purpose of the research was to understand and quantify how individuals perceive the meaning of the word innovation across a specific, indentified relatively homogenous cultural group. A traditional definition of innovation generally refers to the creation of a new or novel product or service. The intent was to demonstrate that a uniquely identified cultural group, involving a homogeneous group of IT industry employees accustomed to frequent innovations, might perceive a different meaning of innovation. This paper presents findings that redefine innovation, as a three-dimensional construct. Factor analysis identifies the constructs as new, improve or change. Individuals understand the meaning of innovation in these three unique (and independent) dimensions. In addition, three independent demographic variables (gender, job function, and generational cohort) suggest that variations in the perception of innovation are job-related and age dependent. Implications are that innovation is a complex concept, adapted by individuals, to describe something more than a new product or service.
Understanding the Degradation of Organic Coatings Through Local Electrochemical Impedance Methods : II. Modeling and Experimental Results of Normal Field Variations above Disk Electrodes

Local electrochemical impedance mapping (LEIM) represents a potentially important tool in the characterization of discrete electrochemical phenomenon on heterogeneous surfaces, such as the degradation of a coated aluminumalloy. Since LEIM is an emerging tool, it is essential to resolve between real material and interfacial changes and a possible sampling artifact to the measured LEIM response. To this end, both analytical and numerical models were developed to calculate the field above an equipotential disk to examine possible LEIM measurement artifacts. Several features in LEI maps which could be the result of an artifact in the measured field above a corroding region were addressed. These included changes in the field due to the following: (i) edge effects. (ii) two closely spaced corroding sites affecting spatial resolution, (iii) a change in radius of a corroding site, including the ability of LEI to resolve small sites. Numerical analysis was found to snore realistically model the finite dimensions and discrete change in potential that were used in actual LEIM experiments. The calculated field above the equipotential disk was then compared to experimental LEI maps of gold disk microelectrodes embedded in SiO 2 . Edge effects were found to be an unlikely source for experimental observations of reduced admittance. The spatial resolution of the LEI probe was predicted through theoretical modeling and determined experimentally to be sufficient to resolve two disk separated by 35 μm. The probe was also predicted and shown experimentally to have the capability to measure a disk of radius 17.5 μm. The successful demonstration of this numerical model will allow the exploration of more complicated material interfaces, such as materials coated with a dielectric layer.
Focus on . . . The Department of Labor Regulations on Summary Plan Descriptions and Claims Procedures

New Department of Labor (DOL) regulations will require many ERISA plans to make substantial changes to their Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs) and claims procedures. This article reviews those regulations, with emphasis on the applicability to retirement plans.
Abstract 164: A Field Synopsis of Gender Effects in Clinical Prediction Models for Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Gender differences in incidence, prognosis and treatment response have been observed across the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, despite several decades of investigation, consistent findings regarding the magnitude and directionality of gender differences in CVD are elusive. We therefore conducted the first field synopsis of the role of gender on CVD conditions using a registry of clinical prediction models (CPMs). Methods: The Tufts PACE Center (CPM) Registry is based on a systematic review of cardiovascular CPMs published in English-language articles from 1/1990-5/2012. All included CPMs permit calculation of outcome probabilities from information provided in an equation, point score or nomogram. For the 15 most common unique index condition-outcome pair models, we calculated the proportion of models that included coefficients for the effect of gender on CVD incidence or prognosis, or presented gender-stratified models. The sample size, age distribution and proportion of females in the model development cohorts were summarized. Results: Out of 579 CPMs with CVD as either an index condition or outcome, 169 (29%) contained a coefficient for gender and 33 (6%) presented gender-stratified models. Gender was more frequently included as a covariate or stratification variable in models predicting incident CVD versus prognosis for patients with known CVD. Gender was included in 60/74 (81%) models predicting morbidity and/or mortality among a population sample, yet in only 9/53 (17%) of models predicting morbidity and/or mortality among patients with stroke, and 9/53 (17%) of models predicting mortality among patients with congestive heart failure. Gender was more likely to be included in CPMs developed from cohorts with larger sample sizes (150/299 cohorts with n≥2000 versus 54/277 cohorts with n<2000, p<0.001). For each 10% increase in the proportion of women in the model development cohort, there was a 22% increased odds of including gender in the CPM (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.39, p=0.002). Conclusions: Gender is an important prognostic factor in CVD, but is only included in about one third of published CPMs. Gender is much more frequently included as a predictor of incident CVD among the disease-free than of prognosis in those with established CVD. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif