cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upper midline incision for living donor right hepatectomy

Background Living donor liver transplantation is a viable option to increase access to transplantation and techniques to limit the operative incision is one way to increase donation by decreasing donor morbidity. We describe our experience with a limited upper midline incision (UMI) for living donor right hepatectomy. Study design Prospective data were collected on 58 consecutive living liver donors who underwent right hepatectomy via a UMI. Results Donor median age was 32 years, with median body mass index of 24.6. The mean incision length was 11.7 cm. Ten liver grafts included middle hepatic vein. The mean graft volume by preoperative imaging was 940 cc. The mean operative time was 407 minutes; cellsaver was utilized in 35 patients with median of 1 unit. Mean peak aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were 492 and 469, and peak bilirubin and international normalized ratio (INR) were 3.3 and 1.8. The average length of stay was 6 days. There were 10 Clavien grade I and 11 Clavien grade II complications. Three patients developed an incisional hernia requiring surgical repair. Conclusion Living liver donor hepatectomy can be safely performed through a UMI. This approach consolidates the steps of liver mobilization, hilar dissection, and parenchymal transection in a single-exposure technique, with incision comparable to the laparoscopic-assisted modality.
Populism in the Mountain West: A Mainstream Movement

presented with a presidential ticket designed to please both North and South. A new political organization, the People's party, was offering voters during the 1892 election an ex-Union general for president and an ex-Confederate general for his running mate. The former was James B. Weaver of Iowa and the latter James G. Field of Virginia. But the primary objective of the new party was not to reconcile the Union, although the bitterness caused by the Civil War still lingered. Rather its major purpose was to begin the long-delayed process of solving the myriad of ignored social and economic problems that had accumulated during the nation's unprecedented industrial growth following the Civil War. Moreover, the political movement that had launched the new party had started in Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, which were located along the fringe of the wilderness when Union and Confederate armies first clashed at Bull Run. In these Middle Border states dissident and inde-
Determining the Proper Evidentiary Basis for an Expert Opinion: What Do Experts Need to Know and When Do They Know Too Much?

What does an expert need to know when making judgments and offering opinions that someone else will use to make a decision? When does the expert need to know as much as the decision maker about the matter at issue, and when is it better that the expert be blind to some of the facts that the decision maker will consider? If blinding procedures are warranted, what facts should be kept from the expert? Questions of this kind arise in a variety of domains, including criminal justice, intelligence analysis, and clinical medicine. This chapter offers a conceptual analysis of these questions using Bayesian influence diagrams. It provides formal criteria for assessing the relevance of a given fact to an expert's task and demonstrates that the probative value of expert evidence (its value to the decision maker) can be undermined if the expert is influenced by task-irrelevant information. The chapter provides a helpful framework for designing context management procedures to address the problem of contextual bias in domains such as forensic science, clinical medicine, and intelligence analysis.
Evaluation of a Dry Medium Culture Plate (3M Petrifilm AC) for Laboratory Pasteurized Counts

In this study Petrifilm AC was evaluated for its ability to enumerate thermoduric bacteria in raw milk by the laboratory pasteurized count (LPC). LPC's were conducted on agar pour plates and Petrifilm plates. Both plating techniques were conducted immediately following laboratory pasteurization, and plating was also conducted after incubations of 2 and 4 h at room temperature. Uninoculated raw milk samples, raw milk inoculated with Bacilluscereus, Micrococcus luteus, and raw milk isolates (Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Micrococcus species) were enumerated. A total of 270 samples was analyzed. Uninoculated raw milk samples and raw milk samples inoculated with B. cereus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and some Micrococcus species showed no significant difference between agar pour plates and Petrifilm AC. Other Micrococcus species were recovered at lower numbers on the Petrifilm after laboratory pasteurization. Some of these were comparable to the agar plates after a 4-h incubation at room temperature...
Rayleigh and Raman Spectra

Unlike absorption and emission, Rayleigh and Raman spectroscopy are based on how a molecule scatters photons. One key difference to keep in mind as we explore scattering processes further is that while absorption requires that the molecule have energy-level spacings (for allowed transitions) corresponding to the energy of the interacting photon, scattering can occur with an incident photon of almost any energy. That is, for a molecule to absorb light, the light must generally be at specific wavelengths or frequencies. Scattering, on the other hand, can occur at almost any wavelength.
Assessment Tools for Use During Anesthesia-Centric Pediatric Advanced Life Support Training and Evaluation.

Abstract Introduction Pediatric perioperative cardiac arrests are rare events that require rapid, skilled and coordinated efforts to optimize outcomes. We developed an assessment tool for assessing clinician performance during perioperative critical events termed Anesthesia-centric Pediatric Advanced Life Support (A-PALS). Here, we describe the development and evaluation of the A-PALS scoring instrument. Methods A group of raters scored videos of a perioperative team managing simulated events representing a range of scenarios and competency. We assessed agreement with the reference standard grading, as well as interrater and intrarater reliability. Results Overall, raters agreed with the reference standard 86.2% of the time. Rater scores concerning scenarios that depicted highly competent performance correlated better with the reference standard than scores from scenarios that depicted low clinical competence ( P P P Conclusions This study provides evidence for the validity of the A-PALS scoring instrument and demonstrates that the scoring instrument can provide reliable scores, although clinician performance affects reliability.
Improvements in the Early Death Rate in Younger Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Following Initial Therapy: A SEER Database Analysis

Abstract Purpose: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is treated with conventional induction chemotherapy shortly after diagnosis in most patients less than or equal to 65 years old, most commonly combining infusional cytarabine with an anthracycline. Fatalities from infectious or bleeding complications related to cytopenias within 30 days of diagnosis (known as early death or treatment-related mortality) are routinely reported in these patients. Recent data from patients treated on clinical trials suggested a decline in the early death rate over the past two decades. It is unknown if a similar improvement has been observed in the general population. Methods: We examined the 30-day mortality and overall survival (OS) in a large population-based series of 9,380 AML patients reported to the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Included patients were diagnosed with AML between 1973 and 2010, were between the ages of 18 and 65 at diagnosis, and were treated with chemotherapy. We stratified patients by age and geographic location at diagnosis. Results: We observed a significant improvement in median OS from 6 months (95% CI 5-7) in 1973-1977 to 23 months (95% CI 16-20) in 2008-2010 (p Figure 1 ). When analyzed by age, the largest absolute improvements were noted in older patients (approximately 15% absolute decrease in 30-day mortality for patients aged 51-65 over study period). Though location at diagnosis significantly influenced 30-day mortality in 1973-1977, these differences in early death rate were no longer evident in the most recent time period (2008-2010). The patient characteristics remained stable over time with a median age at AML diagnosis of 50. Conclusion: Over the past four decades, significant improvements in median OS and 30-day mortality have occurred in our large cohort of younger patients (less than or equal to 65 years) with newly diagnosed AML undergoing chemotherapy. The largest improvements over time were noted in the oldest age group and in regions with intermediate to high early mortality in the earliest time period (1973-1977). The decrease in 30-day mortality appears to partially account for the increase in median OS observed over the past 4 decades. These data suggest that risk of early mortality has decreased and should not prevent younger patients with AML from receiving aggressive initial treatment modalities. Download : Download high-res image (56KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . 30-day mortality (%, 95% CI) for AML patients, by year of diagnosis, SEER 9 Registries, 1973-2010. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Thermal Ablation in the Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients with Oligometastatic Liver Disease.

Background: Surgical resection of limited colorectal liver disease improves long-term survival and can be curative in a subset of selected cases. Image-guided percutaneous ablation therapies have emerged as safe and effective alternative options for selected patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM) that can be ablated with margins. Ablation causes focal destruction of tissue and has increasingly been shown to provide durable eradication of tumors. Methods: A selective review of literature was conducted in PubMed, focusing on recent studies reporting on the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of percutaneous ablation modalities in the treatment of CLM. The present work gives an overview of the different ablation techniques, their current clinical indications, and reported outcomes from most recently published studies. The ‘test of time' concept for using ablation as a first local therapy is also described. Results: There are several thermal ablative tools currently available, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation. Most data to date originated from the application of RFA. Adjuvant thermal ablation in the treatment of oligometastatic colon cancer liver disease offers improved oncologic outcomes. The ideal CLM amenable to percutaneous ablation is a solitary tumor with the largest diameter up to 3 cm that can be completely ablated with a sufficient margin. 5-year overall survival rates up to 70% after ablation of unresectable CLM have been reported. Pathologic confirmation of complete tumor necrosis with margins over 5 mm provides best long-term local tumor control by thermal ablation. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that percutaneous ablation as adjuvant to chemotherapy improves oncologic outcomes of patients with CLM. For small tumors that can be ablated completely with clear margins, percutaneous ablation may offer outcomes similar to those of surgery.
The neonatal methylome as a gatekeeper in the trajectory to childhood asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous group of conditions that typically begin in early life and result in recurrent, reversible bronchial obstruction. The role played by epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma is understood only in part. Here we discuss asthma epigenetics within a developmental perspective based on our recent demonstration that the epigenetic trajectory to childhood asthma begins at birth. We next discuss how this trajectory may be affected by prenatal environmental exposures. Finally, we examine in vitro studies that model the impact of asthma-associated exposures on the epigenome. All of these studies specifically surveyed human DNA methylation and involved a genome-wide component. In combination, their results broaden our understanding of asthma pathogenesis and the role the methylome plays in this process.
The efficacy of benzodiazepines as acute anxiolytics in children: A meta‐analysis

Objective Current practice guidelines do not recommend benzodiazepines for acute management of anxiety disorders in pediatric patients. However, in procedural settings, benzodiazepines are commonly used to relieve acute preprocedural stress. This meta-analysis examines the efficacy and tolerability of benzodiazepines as short-term anxiolytics in children. Method PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of benzodiazepines as short-term anxiolytics in pediatric patients. Twenty-one trials involving 1,416 participants were included. A fixed effects model was used to examine the standardized mean difference of improvement in anxiety levels compared to control conditions. In stratified subgroup and meta-regression, the effect of the specific agent, dose, timing, and setting of benzodiazepine treatment was examined. Results A significant benefit was seen for benzodiazepines compared to control (standardized mean difference = 0.71 [95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.82], k = 24, z = 12.7, P < .001). There was also funnel plot asymmetry in this meta-analysis, suggesting some evidence of publication bias. Moderator analyses found that when benzodiazepines were used in dental or nonoperating room procedures, they were more effective than when they were used in operating room procedures (test for subgroup differences Q2 = 6.34, P = .04). Tolerability analysis revealed there was no significant difference in the risk of developing irritability or behavioral changes between benzodiazepine and control groups. Conclusions Benzodiazepines are effective and well-tolerated when used as short-term anxiolytics in procedural settings for pediatric patients. Further research is needed to determine whether benzodiazepines are effective in pediatric anxiety disorders.
Diabetes Screening among Antipsychotic-Treated Adults with Severe Mental Illness in an Integrated Delivery System: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, partly due to adverse metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. In public health care settings, annual screening rates are 30%. We measured adherence to national diabetes screening guidelines for patients taking antipsychotic medications.
Dielectric constant measurements for remote sensing of seawater salinity

This paper describes a cavity technique to determine the dielectric constant of seawater at a frequency of 1.413 GHz, the center of the protected L-band (i.e. passive use only). The purpose of this study is to provide an accurate model function for NASA satellite missions to retrieve seawater salinity from remote sensing. The measurements are made using standard seawater at salinities of 30, 33, 35 and 38 psu over a range of temperatures from 0° C to 35° C in 5° C intervals. Based on the measurement data, an accurate model function of seawater dielectric constant as a function of salinity and temperature has been developed. The model function will be compared with the model functions of Klein and Swift and Meissner and Wentz.
Incorporating a Critical Reasoning Component into the ICT–Ethics Methodological Framework: A Case Study

Abstract Is the standard/classic applied–ethics model used by philosophers adequate for analyzing issues in information and communication technology (ICT) ethics? A number of critics have argued that it is not, claiming instead that we need to revise and possibly also expand upon that model. In the various proposals advanced so far, however, no one has questioned whether we need to include an explicit critical reasoning (CR) component as part of an adequate ICT–ethics methodological framework. The purpose of the present study is to show why having such a component is not only useful but perhaps critical to ICT–ethics analysis. After defining what I mean by CR, and describing how it differs significantly from both formal logic and critical thinking, I show why incorporating a CR component can help us to achieve four of our key objectives as ICT–ethics professionals/instructors. First, CR provides us with a clear and systematic method for spotting logical fallacies, some of which might not initially seem either obvious or intuitive, in the various arguments that have been advanced to influence social policies affecting ICT. Second, CR provides us with techniques for testing our own arguments to ensure that they do not contain any logical fallacies. Third, CR provides us with a clear and fairly rigorous methodology for not only avoiding fallacies but also for constructing strong arguments to defend the views we advance. Finally, infusing a CR component into ICT–ethics courses will aid instructors in teaching their students how to detect and avoid logical fallacies, as well as teaching them how to construct strong arguments to defend their own positions on issues.
Interior Analysis of the Observations in Multiple Linear Regression

A computer program for performing two diagnostic procedures suggested by Daniel and Wood for a multiple regression model is presented. The first procedure is designed to detect points that are remote in x-space and that may be overly influential on the model summary statistics. The second procedure allows the analyst to identify pairs of points that are near neighbors in x-space and to compute an estimate of pure error using the residuals at these points. Two examples are given.
A Novel Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Probe for In Vivo Neutrophil Tracking

The development and validation of a multiscopic near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe, cinnamoyl-F-(D)L-F-(D)L-F-PEG-cyanine7 (cFlFlF-PEG-Cy7), that targets formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils using a mice ear inflammation model is described. Acute inflammation was induced in mice by topical application of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate to left ears 24 hours before probe administration. Noninvasive NIRF imaging was longitudinally performed up to 24 hours following probe injection. The in vivo neutrophil-targeting specificity of the probe was characterized by a blocking study with preadministration of excess nonfluorescent peptide cFlFlF-PEG and by an imaging study with a scrambled peptide probe cLFFFL-PEG-Cy7. NIRF imaging of mice injected with cinnamoyl-L-F-F-F-L-PEG-cyanine7 (cFlFlF-PEG-Cy7) revealed that the fluorescence intensity for inflamed left ears was approximately fourfold higher than that of control right ears at 24 hours postinjection. In comparison, the ratios acquired with the scrambled probe and from the blocking study were 1.5- and 2-fold at 24 hours postinjection, respectively. Moreover, a microscopic immunohistologic study confirmed that the NIRF signal of cFlFlF-PEG-Cy7 was associated with activated neutrophils in the inflammatory tissue. With this probe, in vivo neutrophil chemotaxis could be correlatively imaged macroscopically in live animals and microscopically at tissue and cellular levels.
Heidegger and the source(s) of intelligibility

Wittgensteinian readings of Being and Time, and of the source of the intelligibility of Dasein's world, in terms of language and the average everyday public practices of das Man are partly right and partly wrong. They are right in correcting overly individualist and existentialist readings of Heidegger. But they are wrong in making Heidegger into a proponent of language or everydayness as the final word on intelligibility and the way the world is disclosed to us. The everydayness of das Man and language are partial sources of intelligibility but only insofar as they are comprehended within the greater unitary structure of care and temporality. Care and temporality constitute the foundational underpinnings for disclosure and the intelligibility of“that wherein Dasein dwells.”
Ecophysiological Aspects of Movements by Migrants in the Wintering Quarters

The annual cycle of migrants is typically divided into four fundamental periods: the breeding season, autumn migration, the wintering period, and vernal migration (Helms 1963). Each phase comprises distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics and each has unique properties with respect to the complex life histories of migrants. In general, more research emphasis has been placed on the breeding and migration periods compared to the winter period (e.g., Berthold 1988a). The overall winter distributions of many migrant species are well known, but detailed analyses of population structure, ecology, and physiology during this period are scarce.
Anisotropic thermal diffusivity measurements in deforming polymers and the stress-thermal rule

In recent years, both experimental and theoretical research on energy transport in deforming polymeric materials has increased. Theoretical results indicate that the thermal conductivity in such systems is anisotropic, and support, analogous to the well-known stress-optic rule, the validity of a stress-thermal rule where the thermal conductivity and stress tensors are linearly related. In this study a method to measure the thermal diffusivity in deforming polymers has been developed. The method is based on an optical technique known as forced Rayleigh scattering. This sensitive and non invasive technique is shown to be capable of quantitative measurements of anisotropic thermal diffusivity in both static and dynamic (relaxing) polymers subjected to deformations. Results have been obtained for a polymer melt in step-shear strain flows and a cross-linked elastomer in uniaxial extension. Thermal diffusivity data are complemented by measurements of stress and birefringence so that evaluations of the stress-optic and stress-thermal rules can be made. Results show that the thermal diffusivity is enhanced in the flow (or stretch) direction compared to the equilibrium value and that the stress-thermal rule is valid for the modest deformations achieved in this study.
Observed expectations, news shocks, and the business cycle

Abstract This paper exploits information from the term structure of survey expectations to identify news shocks in a DSGE model with rational expectations. We estimate a structural business-cycle model with price and wage stickiness. We allow for both unanticipated and anticipated components (“news”) in each structural disturbance: neutral and investment-specific technology shocks, government spending shocks, risk premium, price and wage markup shocks, and monetary policy shocks. We show that the estimation of a standard DSGE model with realized data obfuscates the identification of news shocks and yields weakly or non-identified parameters pertaining to such shocks. The identification of news shocks greatly improves when we re-estimate the model using data on observed expectations regarding future output, consumption, investment, government spending, inflation, and interest rates - at horizons ranging from one-period to five-periods ahead. The news series thus obtained largely differ from their counterparts that are estimated using only data on realized variables. Moreover, the results suggest that the identified news shocks explain a sizable portion of aggregate fluctuations. News about investment-specific technology and risk premium shocks play the largest role, followed by news about labor supply (wage markup) and monetary policy.
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to cisplatin

Since the discovery of the antitumor activity in rodents of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)) in 1968 [1], the use of this drug in treating human disease has grown to the point where it is now one of the most widely used antineoplastics. Cisplatin has an established role in the treatment of testicular, ovarian, bladder, germ cell, and head and neck carcinomas [2,3]. It also has an expanding role in treating small cell carcinoma of the lung, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and breast cancer [3]. Despite the initial response of many tumors to this drug, the prognosis for patients with these diseases is often poor due to the eventual emergence of drug-resistant populations in the tumor. This chapter will consider our current knowledge about the biochemical mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin. Since numerous thorough reviews on the subject have recently appeared [4–11], an exhaustive coverage of the literature will not be attempted. The focus instead will be directed at the progress that has been made in the last several years, particularly with human cell models, and at the gaps in our knowledge about those mechanisms of resistance believed to be important.
Current practices for monitoring ocular toxicity related to hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) therapy.

OBJECTIVE Growing interest in aggressive early management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with hydroxychloroquine (alone or in combination with other immunomodulating drugs) is reason to review current practices for monitoring ocular toxicity in patients who take antimalarial therapy. METHODS We surveyed by mail all ophthalmologists and rheumatologists in the State of Indiana about their practices in this regard. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 31 rheumatologists (94%) responded. All but one recommended ophthalmologic examinations every 6 months and 41% would leave the choice of testing procedures to the ophthalmologist. Fifty percent had discontinued hydroxychloroquine because of a patient's failure to make and/or keep an appointment with the ophthalmologist. Of 213 ophthalmologists surveyed, 150 (70%) responded. Seventy-nine percent recommended semiannual examinations. Funduscopy, visual acuity, and color vision tests were reported to be performed routinely. Eleven of 13 retina specialists (85%), but only 25% of 127 general ophthalmologists, would obtain macular photographs (p < 0.001). Forty-two percent of general ophthalmologists, compared with 8% of retina specialists, would perform computerized perimetry (p < 0.001). Recognition of retinal hyperpigmentation as a classic sign was surprisingly low in both groups. Concurrent review of the medical records of 24 patients with RA or systemic lupus erythematosus showed extremely variable followup intervals for ophthalmologic examination; 7 of the 24 patients had no record of an ophthalmologic evaluation. CONCLUSION As interest in the early, aggressive management of RA continues to grow, significant education needs to be devoted to the monitoring and diagnosis of ocular toxicity of hydroxychloroquine by both rheumatologists and ophthalmologists.
Assessment of Chimerism in the Setting of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a well-established treatment option for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Molecular analysis of chimerism is used to monitor the levels of donor and recipient cells in patients after HCT. The clinical utility and interpretation of chimerism analysis depend on the type of bone marrow transplant used and the underlying disease. After transplantation, chimerism analysis is used to confirm engraftment of donor hematopoiesis and identify and quantify the percentage of recipient cells to guide patient management aimed at helping to prevent graft failure or relapse.
All about Y-90 radio-embolic therapy: Practice patterns and patient safety

1078 Learning Objectives Technologic advances have enabled the delivery of targeted therapies for the treatment of malignancies. Selective Internal Radiation Therapy [SIRT] utilizes microspheres impregnated with beta-emitting radionuclides to deliver embolic radiation to tumors. This “transarterial brachytherapy” regimen has tremendous potential in treating late-stage inoperable liver disease, but nevertheless depends on effective coordination between Interventional Radiologists, Nuclear Medicine Physicians, Radiopharmacists and clinical support staff. As such, practitioners must understand and appreciate pertinent aspects of radiation biology, dosimetry, radiation safety, embolotherapy and interdepartmental management. This exhibit aims to: 1. Illustrate the key steps for planning and carrying out optimal therapy. 2. Underscore proccess and communication flows required for efficient execution. 3. Highlight quality and safety measures for patients as well as health care personnel during and after therapy. This poster will provide an overview of the principles of radioembolic therapy, as well as the imaging modalities utilized throughout this regimen, including angiography, CT, PET, gamma planar, and SPECT imaging. Special attention will be paid to the basis of SIRT, explaining the important role of the liver9s dual blood supply, and the differing radiobiology of tumor versus healthy tissue. Next, treatment planning is introduced, including angiography, both dianostic in the case of arterial mapping and therapeutic, through selective coil embolization. Following will be a discussion of how hepatico-systemic shunting is evaluated with radiolabelled macroaggregated albumin to minimize non-target radiation. Next, the techniques of dose preparation and delivery will be demonstrated. In addition to a primary focus on imaging, this project aims to give the reader an appreciation for the degree of coordination, cooperation, and communication required for optimizing safety and impact of this therapeutic regimen
Nutrition and Neural Lipids

Among the body organs, the brain is one of the richest in lipids. Moreover, the lipids of the brain and neural tissue are, in general, more diverse in nature than the lipids of any other organ. The amount of lipid in neural tissue and its peculiarities are largely explained by the presence of the lipid-rich and mul-timembraned myelin sheath. In spite of the apparent dependence of neural tissue on a rich and specifically constituted lipid environment, it was for many years believed that neural lipids, including those of myelin, were metabolically stable and largely, if not entirely, resistant to change by nutritional manipulation. More recently, it has become appreciated that the lipids of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) serve not only as stable structural constituents, but also as participants in neural activity, and, under certain circumstances, they are subject to modification by nutritional means.
Abstract 471: High expression of miR-182 promotes prostate cancer aggressiveness in African-Americans compared to Caucasians

Background: African-Americans (AfA) have higher risk for developing prostate cancer and when diagnosed, the cancer is more aggressive with worse survival compared to Caucasians (CA). To clarify the mechanisms involved in this disparity, we analyzed the role of miR-182 in AfA and CA prostate cancer tissues and cells. Materials and Methods: We analyzed miR-182 expression in AfA and CA prostate cancer tissue samples by Real Time PCR. We selected two cell lines, DU-145 (CA) and MDA-PCa-2b (AfA), which express different levels of miR-182, to mimic the tissue samples and help identify the mechanisms related to racial disparity. We generated lentivirus stable miR-182 knockdown cells lines and performed cell viability assays using a CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay. For cell cycle analysis, cells were stained with PI/RNase staining buffer and analyzed for DNA content by BD FACSVerse. Cancer pathway-focused gene expression profiling was done using a human RT2 Profiler Cancer Pathway Finder and Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes PCR Array. Results: We found miR-182 expression to be higher in AfA prostate cancer tissues compared to CA patients with localized disease. Also, expression of miR-182 in AfA cell line, MDA-PCa-2b, was significantly higher compared to CA cell line, DU-145. To determine the role of miR-182 in the differences between AfA and CA, miR-182 was knocked down in MDA-PCa-2b and DU- 145 cells. miR-182 knockdown in MDA-PCa-2b cells effectively inhibited cell migration, invasion and colony formation compared to control cells, while there was no difference in DU-145 cells. Knockdown of miR-182 caused a decrease in MDA-PCa-2b cell viability compared with negative control. In addition, the cell cycle profile showed an increase in the G1 phase of MDA-PCa-2b cells (control 7.3% compared to miR-182 knockdown cells 18.6%), whereas no change was observed in DU-145 cells. Similar to these results, wound healing was significantly slower in the miR-182 knockdown MDA-PCa-2b cells compared to controls. PCR array analysis was performed to determine the molecular effects of miR-182 knockdown in MDA-PCa-2b and DU-145 cells. We found from our PCR array data some potential targets genes regulated by miR-182. Conclusion: We conclude that high levels of miR-182 is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness in African-Americans. Citation Format: Marisa Shiina, Yutaka Hashimoto, Guoren Deng, Varahram Shahryari, Majid Shahana, Soichiro Yamamura, Priyanka Kulkarni, Pritha Dasgupta, Divya Bhagirath, Sharanjot Sharan, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya. High expression of miR-182 promotes prostate cancer aggressiveness in African-Americans compared to Caucasians [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 471.
A Distance-Based Formulation for Sampling Signals on Graphs

We consider the problem of sampling signals defined on the nodes of a graph. This problem arises in many contexts where the data is not structured and needs to be reconstructed from a few samples. While other graph signal sampling techniques have been recently developed in the literature, these are based on graph spectral concepts. In contrast, here we develop a method that incorporates distances between graph vertices, and thus can provide additional insights about desirable properties of sampling sets relative to state-of-the-art techniques. We compare the accuracy of our method with two other fast methods in the literature and show that it achieves similar performance.
Truncating PKHD1 and PKD2 mutations alter energy metabolism

Deficiency in polycystin 1 triggers specific changes in energy metabolism. To determine whether defects in other human cystoproteins have similar effects, we studied extracellular acidification and...
Increasing Scholarship and Improving Practice, Editors’ Notes

The Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL) continues to expand its reach by increasing the reviewer pool, recruiting additional associate editors, publishing papers in different submission categories, and including scholarship from around the globe. The incoming editor-in-chief, Dr. Bruce Martin, and current editor-in chief, Dr. Andrew Bobilya, have been working together to ensure a seamless transition in expectation of Dr. Martin’s taking the helm in January 2019. Subscribe to JOREL
PREDICTING CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY BY ANALYZING PATTERNS OF CASE REPORT AND CLINICAL TRIAL REPORTING

Identifying the cardiotoxic potential of new anti-cancer drugs is essential in order to balance efficacy and toxicity. We performed Pubmed search of 4 chemotherapy drugs and ‘cardiotoxicity’. Of these 4 drugs, 2 have a known association with cardiac toxicity. We created plots representing the
Magnetoelastic sensors for high throughput screening of pathogens in food

This chapter introduces freestanding, phage-based magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors and their applications as a label-free wireless method for real-time pathogen detection. The ME biosensor is composed of an ME resonator that is coated with a biomolecular recognition element that binds specifically with a target pathogen. Interrogated through magnetic signals, ME biosensors can provide real-time, remote, and specific detection of foodborne pathogens in water, buffer, liquid food, and food surfaces. This chapter introduces the detection principle, the interrogation system, the fabrication of ME biosensors, and their current and future applications in high throughput screening of pathogens in food.
Observations on the use of dummy nests by fledgling Worthington's Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus)

For decades, researchers have attempted to understand why some avian species expend energy building nests that are not explicitly used for breeding (i.e., dummy nests). Most work has focused on whether dummy nests serve as indicators of male fitness or as decoys for confusing nest predators. Anecdotal observations suggest that dummy nests may also be used as temporary shelters for adults and fledglings, but the frequency with which this occurs is unknown. While trapping Cistothorus palustris griseus (Worthington's Marsh Wren) nestlings as part of a larger study in the saltmarshes of northeast Florida, we observed newly fledged young using dummy nests on 8 of 45 occasions (18%) during which one or more nestlings were absent from the natal nest. It is likely that the actual frequency of dummy nest use by fledglings is greater than what we observed because our efforts to locate fledglings were infrequent and opportunistic, and because depredation may account for a significant proportion of the occasions when no fledglings were found. Dummy nests may play a larger role in post-fledging survival than previously thought and warrant further investigation.
Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO2 reconstructions.

Fossil plant gas-exchange-based CO2 reconstructions use carbon (C) assimilation rates of extant plant species as substitutes for assimilation rates of fossil plants. However, assumptions in model species adoption can lead to systematic error propagation. We used a dataset of c. 2500 extant species to investigate the role of phylogenetic relatedness and ecology in determining C assimilation, an essential variable in gas-exchange-based CO2 models. We evaluated the effect on random and systematic error propagation in atmospheric CO2 caused by adopting different model species. Phylogenetic relatedness, growth form, and solar exposure are important predictors of C assimilation rate. CO2 reconstructions that apply C assimilation rates from modern species based solely on phylogenetic relatedness to fossil species can result in CO2 estimates that are systematically biased by a factor of > 2. C assimilation rates used in CO2 reconstructions should be determined by averaging assimilation rates of modern plant species that are (1) in the same family and (2) have a similar habit and habitat as the fossil plant. In addition, systematic bias potential and random error propagation are greatly reduced when CO2 is reconstructed from multiple fossil plant species with different modern relatives at the same site.
Hospital-wide Description of Clinical Indications for Pediatric Anti-infective Use.

Abstract Purpose This study is the first description of hospital-wide anti-infective use according to clinical indication for a pediatric hospital. Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO) is uniquely poised to examine its anti-infective use after the implementation of provider-selected order indications (PSOIs), which are distinct from Diagnosis Related Group classifications in that they are used for clinical treatment as opposed to final diagnosis codes for billing and thus are more granular. Methods This study used our institution's mandatory PSOIs to describe overall clinical indications for anti-infective use. For 2016, all anti-infective orders were extracted from the electronic medical record (Epic), including drug name, route, prescribing unit, and PSOI. We calculated the number of times each drug was associated with each indication and the number of times an indication was attributed to each drug, and then analyzed these data in Excel. Findings There were 29,258 orders at CHCO in 2016 with at least 1 indication. The most common clinical indication was “prophylaxis–medical/surgical,” accounting for 23% of all orders and commonly associated with cefazolin (42% of prophylaxis–medical/surgical orders). This was followed by the indications of “sepsis/bacteremia” and “pneumonia/sinusitis.” The most commonly prescribed anti-infectives for nonprophylactic clinical indications were IV vancomycin (14%), ceftriaxone (11%), and ampicillin (6%). Implications Knowledge of the clinical reasons for hospital-wide anti-infective use enables hospitals to identify targets for improved use through education and guideline and policy development. This description provides better details than billing codes about the clinical reasons anti-infectives are used and offers a useful template for implementation at other hospitals.
Silver nanowire inks for direct-write electronic tattoo applications

Room-temperature printing of conductive traces has the potential to facilitate the direct writing of electronic tattoos and other medical devices onto biological tissue, such as human skin. However, in order to achieve sufficient electrical performance, the vast majority of conductive inks require biologically harmful post-processing techniques. In addition, most printed conductive traces will degrade with bending stresses that occur from everyday movement. In this work, water-based inks consisting of high aspect ratio silver nanowires are shown to enable the printing of conductive traces at low temperatures and without harmful post-processing. Moreover, the traces produced from these inks retain high electrical performance, even while undergoing up to 50% bending strain and cyclic bending strain over a thousand bending cycles. This ink has a rapid dry time of less than 2 minutes, which is imperative for applications requiring the direct writing of electronics on sensitive surfaces. Demonstrations of conductive traces printed onto soft, nonplanar materials, including an apple and a human finger, highlight the utility of these new silver nanowire inks. These mechanically robust films are ideally suited for printing directly on biological substrates and may find potential applications in the direct-write printing of electronic tattoos and other biomedical devices.
Exploring the Protective Effects of Judaism on Risky Behaviors in College Students: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Background Common risky behaviors among college-aged young adults include risky sexual behaviors and substance use. Purpose This study examines the protective effects of Judaism on students' engagement in risky behaviors, building on a body of research on the protective effects of religious beliefs on risky health behaviors. Methods Validated and reliable measures were used to assess religiosity and risky behaviors through anonymous surveys. Data was collected in Fall 2018 from a small cohort (N = 15) of Jewish day school students. Results Females had overall higher rates of risky behaviors such as drinking or using drugs before sex (27% compared to 13% for males), not using condoms (62% to 0% for males), and higher rates of binge drinking (62% to 20% for males). Conclusion Higher religiosity was more associated with delayed sexual activity than substance use behaviors. Judaism and religiosity were more strongly associated with the male participants than the female. Practice implications Since the participants still had low rates of condom use and other high risk behaviors despite speaking with their healthcare providers, the health care community must better educate adolescents and young adults on the health and social consequences of such risky activities, both in formal education programs during middle and high school, and in office visits.
Collected Essays 1: Language, texts and societyExplorations in ancient indian culture and religion

The first volume of Collected Essays brings together research papers of Olivelle published over a period of about ten years. The unifying theme of these studies is the search for historical context and developments hidden within words and texts. Words and the cultural history represented by words that scholars often take for granted as having a continuous and long history are often new and even neologisms and thus provide important clues to cultural and religious innovations. Olivelle's book on the Âuramas, as well as the short pieces included in this volume, such as those on ânanda and dharma, seek to see cultural innovation and historical changes within the changing semantic fields of key terms. Closer examination of numerous Sanskrit terms taken for granted as central to Hinduism, provide similar results. Indian texts have often been studied in the past as disincarnate realities providing information on an ahistorical and unchanging culture. This volume is a small contribution towards correcting that method of textual study.
Clinical and histologic presentation of pediatric reactive granulomatous dermatitis.

Objective To characterize the clinical and histologic presentation of reactive granulomatous dermatitis (RGD) in the pediatric population. Methods In this multicenter retrospective chart review, 7 pediatric patients with biopsy-proven RGD were identified. Photographs, histology reports, and clinical course were reviewed to discover patterns in demographics, comorbid conditions, autoimmune sequelae, drug exposures, infections, morphology, and histologic features. Results Overall, 7 patients were included and analyzed. Most were female and Hispanic. All presented with a similar dermatologic phenotype previously described in the adult literature including macular erythema and annular, pink to violaceous, edematous papules and plaques, often involving proximal extremities and extensor joints. All biopsies demonstrated variable collagen alteration and a perivascular interstitial infiltrate of histiocytes with or without mucin. Neutrophils or karyorrhexic debris were present in 4/7 of the biopsies, and eosinophils were occasionally seen (2/7 cases). In all cases, RGD was associated with active SLE or led to a new diagnosis, and initiation of systemic treatment improved cutaneous disease. Conclusions Pediatric RGD was more common in female patients and ethnic minorities, and strongly associated with SLE. Clinical and histologic presentations were consistent across all cases with only minor variations, suggesting that recognition and confirmation might be expedited by familiarity with these dominant patterns. Diagnosis of RGD in pediatric patients should prompt screening for SLE.
Perioperative Nutrition in the Orthopedic Surgical Patient

Surgery of any kind creates a metabolic stress and shifts the body into a catabolic state. The goal of nutrition before, during, and after surgery is to optimize a patient’s nutrition status to minimize catabolism and promote anabolism and healing. Orthopedic patients should be referred to a registered dietitian as early as possible if they are suspected to be malnourished, be undernourished, be obese, have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or have any other conditions that may compromise recovery from surgery. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and early feeding protocols help mitigate the catabolic state created by surgery and promote healing. Registered dietitians (RDs) should be consulted to assess and develop a nutrition care plan for patients whose compromised nutritional status may put them at risk for adverse outcomes after surgery.
DNA nanotechnology in the undergraduate laboratory: Analysis of molecular topology using DNA nanoswitches.

There is a disconnect between the cutting-edge research done in academic laboratories, such as nanotechnology, and what is taught in undergraduate laboratories. In the current undergraduate curricu...