cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of oxalate-bridged MM quadruple bonds and their radical cations (M = Mo or W): on the matter of linkage isomers

Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) have been carried out on the model complexes {[(HCO2)3M2]2(mu-O2CCO2)}0/+(M=Mo or W) in D2h symmetry, where the oxalate bridge forms either five- or six-membered rings with the M(2) centres; the complexes are hereafter referred to as mu(5,5)0/+ and mu(6,6)0/+, respectively. The calculations predict that the neutral complexes should exist as the mu(5,5) linkage isomer, while the radical cations favour the mu(6,6) isomer by ca. 4-6 kJ mol-1. For the mu(5,5) isomers, the rotational barriers about the oxalate C-C bond have been calculated to be 15.9 and 27.2 kJ mol-1 for M=Mo and W, respectively. For the cationic mu(5,5)+ isomers the barrier is higher, being 36.8 and 50.6 kJ mol-1 for M=Mo and W, respectively. The calculated Raman and visible near-IR spectra for the mu(5,5)0/+ and mu(6,6)0/+ are compared with experimental data obtained for the {[(tBuCO2)3M2]2(mu-O2CCO2)}0/+ complexes, hereafter referred to as M4OXA0/+(M=Mo or W). The experimental data more closely correlate with that calculated for the mu(5,5)0/+ linkage isomers, and the 13C-NMR spectrum of the mixed metal complex Mo2W2OXA indicates the presence of the 5-membered oxalate-bridged species (J(CC)=100 Hz).
Attitudes toward women and their work roles: effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations

This study examined the effects of personal religious orientation, religious denomination, and gender on attitudes toward women and their work roles using a sample of 263 single undergraduate university students. Subjects with a high intrinsic religious orientation put significantly more emphasis on family than career in their anticipated general lifestyle relative to those with a low intrinsic religious orientation. Subjects with a high intrinsic religious orientation were also more likely to anticipate the female spouse spending less time in a profession during the children's early years. Males showed more traditional attitudes toward women than females, but there were no gender effects on measures of preferred general lifestyle, preferred child-care distribution, or preferred career involvement for the wife. Subjects belonging to mainline and conservative denomination did not differ significantly in their attitudes toward women or their work roles.
Mean Extinction Time in Predator-Prey Model

A basic predator-prey (Lotka-Volterra) system exhibits marginal stability on the deterministic level. Intrinsic demographic stochasticity destroys this stability and drives the system toward extinction of one or both species. We analytically calculate the mean extinction time of such a system and investigate its scaling with the system’s parameters. This mean extinction time, measured in number of population cycles, scales as the square root of the size of the smaller population and as the minus three halves power of the size of the larger population. The analytic results are fully confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Frameworks for Resolving Value Conflicts in Social Work Practice: A Case Study

Abstract This article will discuss how two theoretical frameworks can be useful in the analysis of conflict situations in social work practice. By viewing situations from the perspective of competing and differing values, social workers are able to come to respect the positions of those with whom they are in conflict. The respect that emanates from being empathic and validating towards another's values is crucial for negotiating resolution to difficult conflict situations.
Modeling and Estimation of the Humans' Effect on the CO 2 Dynamics Inside a Conference Room

We develop a data driven, partial differential equation-ordinary differential equation model that describes the response of the carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics inside a conference room, due to the presence of humans, or of a user-controlled exogenous source of CO2. We conduct three controlled experiments to develop and tune a model whose output matches the measured output concentration of CO2 inside the room, when known inputs are applied to the model. In the first experiment, a controlled amount of CO2 gas is released inside the room from a regulated supply, and in the second and third experiments, a known number of humans produce a certain amount of CO2 inside the room. For the estimation of the exogenous inputs, we design an observer, based on our model, using measurements of CO2 concentrations at two locations inside the room. We perform several simulation studies for the illustration of our results.
Technology under Medicare diagnosis-related groups prospective payment. Implications for medical intensive care.

Medicare prospective payment by diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) has intensified the debate over the use and costs of medical technology. In this study, we examine the financial impact of DRG payment for medicare patients receiving medical intensive care. During a one-year period, payment for 446 Medicare patients receiving medical intensive care at a large teaching hospital was calculated to be $4.7 million below costs, representing an average loss per discharge of $10,567. Patients stayed an average of 21.6 days including an average of 5.0 days in the medical intensive-care unit—23 percent of the total stay. Twenty-eight percent of the MICU patients died during hospitalization. For this group, the average payment per discharge was projected to be $21,651 below the average per discharge cost. We conclude that the results send strong financial messages to hospitals providing medical intensive care to severely ill, elderly patients. Further exploration and research must occur to ensure hospital responses will be consistent with public policy expectations.
Reference to Transposition, Dextrocardia and the Concept of Four Normal Hearts

A system of loose leaf diagrams is presented for the purpose of portraying the various types of cardiac structure. Appropriate assembly of the diagrams may be used to define the anatomic details in a given case of which a permanent machine-copy may be made and the basic diagrams re-used. The diagrams may be used as teaching devices to illustrate the interrelationships between (1) transposition of the great vessels, (2) inversion of the various cardiac chambers and great vessels, and (3) dextrocardia. The material lends itself to illustration of the concept of "four normal hearts;" that is, the fact that although structurally different, there are four anatomic patterns of heart which allow a normal route for the flow of blood. The diagrams also may be used to illustrate certain features about potential cardiac transplantation. These include the point that for the recipient with a certain body type (situs solitus or situs inversus), normal channels for the flow of blood may be obtained from a donor with one...
Predicting cultural output diversity in the radio industry, 1989–2002

Abstract Following changes in government regulations in the 1990s, the radio industry experienced a period of rapid consolidation. This dramatic change provided an excellent opportunity to test the relationship between industry structure and cultural product diversity – the number of recordings that are able to become hits. As Paul Lopes for example would predict, the number of distinct radio formats remained high following consolidation, but, as Richard Peterson and David Berger would predict, the number of songs that reached the charts fell dramatically. These findings are explained and discussed.
The Engineering and Science Issues Test (ESIT): A Discipline-Specific Approach to Assessing Moral Judgment

To assess ethics pedagogy in science and engineering, we developed a new tool called the Engineering and Science Issues Test (ESIT). ESIT measures moral judgment in a manner similar to the Defining Issues Test, second edition, but is built around technical dilemmas in science and engineering. We used a quasi-experimental approach with pre- and post-tests, and we compared the results to those of a control group with no overt ethics instruction. Our findings are that several (but not all) stand-alone classes showed a significant improvement compared to the control group when the metric includes multiple stages of moral development. We also found that the written test had a higher response rate and sensitivity to pedagogy than the electronic version. We do not find significant differences on pre-test scores with respect to age, education level, gender or political leanings, but we do on whether subjects were native English speakers. We did not find significant differences on pre-test scores based on whether subjects had previous ethics instruction; this could suggest a lack of a long-term effect from the instruction.
Ferricyanide reductase of rose plasma membranes is regulated by nitrogen supply

The ability of suspension-cultured rose (Rosa damascena Mill. cv Gloire de Guilan) cells to reduce ferricyanide is decreased by 50% during an overnight incubation in a low-nutrient (1 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM KCl) solution. This loss is not observed when nitrate and/or glutamate is added to the low-nutrient medium, but it occurs in medium containing all the components needed for normal growth except nitrate plus glutamate. Thus, the cells possess both constitutive and inducible enzymes for the reduction of ferricyanide, and nitrate or glutamate is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate the production of the inducible enzyme.
Future directions of the Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program

The Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) has provided an opportunity for experienced US scientists to become involved in international research and development in a way that also has benefited their research for the USA. The comparative advantage of the CRSP is in plant breeding, but with a broad interdisciplinary approach that also develops compatible management and processing methods, thereby enhancing system sustainability, food quality and marketing opportunities for beans and cowpeas. The CRSP should continue to make uniquely important contributions to bean and cowpea cultivar development. In addition, it should give some emphasis to up-stream research, such as the development of improved technologies for indirect DNA-marker-assisted selection (MAS) that could lead to improved plant breeding methods. A careful approach to the development of transgenic lines is recommended that is limited to transferring important genes not currently present in the species into cowpea and possibly bean germplasm, for example those that confer resistance to specific major insect pests of cowpea. The CRSP should continue to play a major role in graduate education, and could take advantage of distance learning via the internet to enhance collaboration in education and research among universities in developing countries and the USA. CRSP scientists can and should play a key role in enhancing mutual understanding and collaboration on an international scale because this could make major contributions to world peace.
Storytelling in high tech organizations: A medium for sharing culture

(1985). Storytelling in high tech organizations: A medium for sharing culture. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 45-58.
Single machine flow-time scheduling with scheduled maintenance

In this paper, we investigate a single machine scheduling problem of minimizing the sum of job flow times subject to scheduled maintenance. We first provide an NP-completeness proof for the problem. This proof is much shorter than the one given in Adiri et al. [1]. The shortest processing time (SPT) sequence is then shown to have a worst case error bound of 2/7. Furthermore, an example is provided to show that the bound is tight. This example also serves as a counter-example to the 1/4 error bound provided in Adiri et al. [1].
SENSORY, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN INCREASED WATER ACTIVITY PEANUT BUTTER PRODUCTS

The effects of moisture, temperature, and storage time on the flavor characteristics of increased water activity peanut butter products were determined by sensory analysis. All three factors affected the sensory attributes of the products. At all temperatures and storage times, peanut butter products with 5.0% water added had lower roasted aroma and roasted flavor, with more off-odors and off-flavors than the 2.5% or 0.0% water added samples. Water activity and color were monitored throughout the study, and samples were evaluated for oxidation.
Optical hole burning studies in europium doped oxide glasses

Europium doped sodium borate, silicate, borosilicate, germanate and tellurite glasses have been prepared by melt quenching technique. Optical spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the divalent and trivalent ions. Optical hole burning technique was used to characterize rare-earth ion doped glasses for optical data storage. The hole burning mechanisms, which depend on the glass composition and the preparation methods used, are discussed.
Kinematic modeling of wheeled mobile robots

We formulate the kinematic equations of motion of wheeled mobile robots incorporating conventional, omnidirectional, and ball wheels.1 We extend the kinematic modeling of stationary manipulators to accommodate such special characteristics of wheeled mobile robots as multiple closed-link chains, higher-pair contact points between a wheel and a surface, and unactuated and unsensed wheel degrees of freedom. We apply the Sheth-Uicker convention to assign coordinate axes and develop a matrix coordinate transformation algebra to derive the equations of motion. We introduce a wheel Jacobian matrix to relate the motions of each wheel to the motions of the robot. We then combine the individual wheel equations to obtain the composite robot equation of motion. We interpret the properties of the composite robot equation to characterize the mobility of a wheeled mobile robot according to a mobility characterization tree. Similarly, we apply actuation and sensing characterization trees to delineate the robot motions producible by the wheel actuators and discernible by the wheel sensors, respectively. We calculate the sensed forward and actuated inverse solutions and interpret the physical conditions which guarantee their existence. To illustrate the development, we formulate and interpret the kinematic equations of motion of Uranus, a wheeled mobile robot being constructed in the CMU Mobile Robot Laboratory.
Past performance and future results

Learning from experience is hard, and predicting how well what we have learned will serve us in the future is even harder. The most useful lessons turn out to be those that are insensitive to small changes in our experience.
Hyperhidrosis in social anxiety disorder

Purpose Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) is an overlooked and potentially disabling symptom, which is often seen in social anxiety disorder (SAD). We conducted a retrospective review of data acquired in patients with SAD who had participated in placebo-controlled clinical trials of fluoxetine, cognitive behavior therapy, clonazepam and gabapentin. Four specific topics were addressed: (1) overall levels of sweating; (2) characteristics of those with hyperhidrosis; (3) a comparison of active treatments relative to placebo on hyperhidrosis; and (4) an examination of baseline sweating severity as a predictor of treatment outcome. Methods Using the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), we examined the above questions. Results Hyperhidrosis was found in 24.8-32.3% of 375 subjects assessed, depending upon the scale used. Hyperhidrosis was associated with higher levels of disability, fear, avoidance, and other physiologic symptoms. While treatment in general was associated with a reduction in the rate of hyperhidrosis from 23.7% to 9.7% (BSPS), and 34.0% to 15.5% (SPIN), only fluoxetine differed significantly from placebo in respect of change in sweating score from baseline to endpoint. In an ANCOVA, gabapentin differed from placebo on the SPIN. Conclusion We conclude that hyperhidrosis is frequently seen in patients with SAD, and that its response to treatment is variable. Further attention should be paid to the possible importance of this symptom in social anxiety.
ImTK: An Open Source Multi-Center Information Management Toolkit

The Information Management Toolkit (ImTK) Consortium is an open source initiative to develop robust, freely available tools related to the information management needs of basic, clinical, and translational research. An open source framework and agile programming methodology can enable distributed software development while an open architecture will encourage interoperability across different environments. The ISIS Center has conceptualized a prototype data sharing network that simulates a multi-center environment based on a federated data access model. This model includes the development of software tools to enable efficient exchange, sharing, management, and analysis of multimedia medical information such as clinical information, images, and bioinformatics data from multiple data sources. The envisioned ImTK data environment will include an open architecture and data model implementation that complies with existing standards such as Digital Imaging and Communications (DICOM), Health Level 7 (HL7), and the technical framework and workflow defined by the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Information Technology Infrastructure initiative, mainly the Cross Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) specifications.
A pilot project in office-based diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy comparing two nonintravenous methods of sedation and anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance and findings of diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedures in a primary care office setting, comparing two nonintravenous methods of sedation and anesthesia. DESIGN A consecutive case series of patients with appropriate indications referred over a 13-month period for the EGD procedure was studied. Procedure outcomes and patient acceptance were evaluated following the procedure. SETTING Patients were referred from community primary care physician offices to another community private office. PATIENTS Medically stable adult patients with indications for nonemergent EGD were referred for evaluation. INTERVENTION Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in an office setting using small-caliber (7.9-mm or 9.0-mm) fiberoptic endoscopes. Patients were given either diazepam orally and ketorolac tromethamine intramuscularly or triazolam orally and butorphanol tartrate spray intranasally as sedation prior to the procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical findings observed, histopathologic results, complications, oxygen desaturation, cardiac dysrhythmias, and length of procedures were recorded. Patients reported pain and satisfaction scores on a linear numeric scale following the procedure. RESULTS No major complications were noted in this study population. Seventy-three percent (52/71) of all patients rated their discomfort during the office-based EGD procedure as mild, with 49% (35/71) giving the lowest possible pain score rating. Ninety-six percent (68/71) of all patients rated their satisfaction with the procedure as high, with 65% (46/71) reporting the highest possible level of satisfaction. The study did not demonstrate a significant difference in patient comfort or satisfaction between the two methods of nonintravenous sedation. CONCLUSIONS Two alternative methods to intravenous sedation and anesthesia appear to create adequate comfort and satisfaction for patients undergoing EGD and merit future study and consideration.
Continuous-countercurrent dialysis of large volumes.

Abstract A simply fabricated, easily constructed, continuous-countercurrent dialyzer is described. The performance of this dialyzer was tested with various solutes. It was found to be very efficient for the dialysis of comparatively large volumes.
Integrating Family Resilience and Family Stress Theory

The construct, family resilience, has been defined and applied very differently by those who are primarily clinical practitioners and those who are primarily researchers in the family field. In thisarticle, the family resilience perspective is integrated with conceptual definitions from family stress theory using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) Model in an effort to clarify distinctions between family resiliency as capacity and family resilience as a process. The family resilience process is discussed in terms of (a) the meaning of significant risk exposure (vs. the normal challenges of family life) and (b) the importance of making conceptual and operational distinctions between family system outcomes and family protective processes. Recommendations for future family resilience research are discussed.
DNAshape: a method for the high-throughput prediction of DNA structural features on a genomic scale

We present a method and web server for predicting DNA structural features in a high-throughput (HT) manner for massive sequence data. This approach provides the framework for the integration of DNA sequence and shape analyses in genome-wide studies. The HT methodology uses a sliding-window approach to mine DNA structural information obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. It requires only nucleotide sequence as input and instantly predicts multiple structural features of DNA (minor groove width, roll, propeller twist and helix twist). The results of rigorous validations of the HT predictions based on DNA structures solved by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, hydroxyl radical cleavage data, statistical analysis and cross-validation, and molecular dynamics simulations provide strong confidence in this approach. The DNAshape web server is freely available at http://rohslab.cmb.usc.edu/DNAshape/.
Nanoscale hydrodynamics in the cell: balancing motorized transport with diffusion.

One of the central problems in the cell is how to transport molecules around the cell to desired locations. Since low Reynolds number conditions apply and diffusional times are large, without the aid of molecular motors to transport the fluid quickly cells could not survive, yet diffusion is still essential for the ultimate delivery of the goods. This paradox of low Reynolds number/large Peclet number has been solved by the algal weed Chara corallina in ingenious ways, as the recent paper by Goldstein, et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 3663–3667 (2008)] discusses at a deep but accessible way using modern hydrodynamic modeling.
Adaptation effects on spatio-temporal sine-wave thresholds

Abstract The photopic amplitude threshold (Δ B) for a stimulus that is a sinusoidal function of space and time shows both linear and nonlinear behavior as the background level (B) is changed. Flicker adaptation is linear at high temporal frequencies (ΔB = constant), but obeys a Weber type of nonlinearity (ΔB = kB) at low temporal frequencies. Contrast adaptation is nonlinear at all spatial frequencies, changing from Weber's law at low spatial frequencies to a DeVries-Rose type of nonlinearity (ΔB = kB½) at high spatial frequencies. In this paper, these regions of linear and nonlinear adaptation are mapped in a general way by varying both spatial and temporal frequencies as well as the background level. The resulting spatio-temporal adaptation maps are interpreted in terms of retinal mechanisms.
The Acetylene S0 Surface: From Dispersed Fluorescence Spectra to Polyads to Dynamics

Dispersed fluorescence spectra of acetylene have been recorded and unzipped, through a fortuitous coincidence of FC active modes and active anharmonic resonances, thereby pictorially revealing the key factors controlling the vibrational dynamics on the acetylene S 0 surface. When energy is placed into very high excitation of the trans-bend and moderate excitation of the CC stretch, three approximately conserved quantities survive, i.e., no trace of the expected total breakdown of vibrational constants of motion due to energetic access to the vinylidene isomer is observed for vibrational energies up to at least 16400 cm −1 . Unzipping the DF spectrum reveals the FC intensity profiles for the acetylene A↔X system with two FC active modes. Also, the unzipped DF spectrum clearly demonstrates that IVR increases within a polyad by increasing trans-bend, v 4 , and by decreasing CC stretch, v 2 . Increasing IVR with increasing v 2 or decreasing v 2 , are both cases where the first few resonance tiers play the dominant role in controlling IVR for the initial states prepared in these experiments, very high excitation in the trans-bend and moderate excitation in the CC stretch
Equalized APD-based receiver for ultrafast optical communication system

Due to their high electrical bandwidth and good signal-to-noise ratio, optical receivers that utilize a combination of PIN photodetectors and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have emerged as an attractive technology for high-speed optical communication. However, the drawbacks of this technology are cost and bulkiness. Since avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are capable of amplifying the photocurrent internally, without the need for optical preamplification, they may offer a cost-effective and compact alternative to the PIN-EDFA combination. Unfortunately, this internal optoelectronic gain comes at the expense of uncertainty in the APD's gain, and more importantly, at the expense of reduced speed due to the notorious avalanche buildup time. The relatively slow response time of an APD, compared to a PIN photodiode, introduces significant inter-symbol interference (ISI) at high operational transmission rates. In this work, an equalization approach is undertaken to compensate for buildup-time-induced ISI by means of either the transversal equalizer (TE) or the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). To design the equalizers, the APD-based receiver is viewed as a random linear channel whose impulseresponse function is a stochastic process. The mean and the correlation matrix of the receiver's random impulseresponse function are numerically determined by utilizing a recently developed analytical model. It is revealed that these equalizers can reduce the bit-error-rate (BER) remarkably at high transmission rates; this makes current InP APDs potentially suitable for near 40-Gbps digital operation.
Why Who Shot J. R. Matters: Dallas as the Pinnacle of Human Evolutionary Television

The TV series Dallas remains one of the most popular shows to ever have been broadcast on American TV. It was a serialized prime-time soap opera with weekly 45 minute episodes that ran from 1978 un...
Presence of MUC4 in human milk and at the luminal surfaces of blood vessels.

MUC4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin, composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (MUC4α) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4β), which has been implicated in the protection of epithelial cell surfaces. Surprisingly, development and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), called 1G8, against ASGP-2 demonstrated by immunohistochemistry the presence of MUC4 at the luminal surfaces of blood vessels of both normal tissues and tumors. Muc4 was detected with 1G8 and other Muc4 antibodies in blood vessels from humans, rats and mice. This expression of MUC4 in endothelial cells was confirmed by immunoblotting with 1G8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human iliac artery endothelial cells (HIAECs), and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). MUC4 could be observed on HUVECs grown on either plastic or Matrigel. Finally, MUC4 expression in the three types of endothelial cell lines was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results provide, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a member of the MUC gene family and membrane mucin in blood vessels. As a luminal surface component, the MUC4 is situated to contribute to the non-adhesive luminal surface and to act as an intrinsic protection and survival factor. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perspectives from the inside: Mental health problems of the elderly in nursing homes

Resident views of behavior and emotional problems in nursing homes have been virtually ignored in the gerontology literature. In an attempt to better understand this neglected perspective and its relationship to the views of professionals, residents (n = 92) and staff members (n = 74) of 20 nursing homes were surveyed regarding their views on problems of the resident population. Confusion, wanting to return home, and depression were seen as the primary problems by both residents and staff. Results of the survey suggest that staff members and residents identify the same areas as problematic, yet, in contrast to staff, the majority of residents say that outside assistance is not desired and that they prefer to discuss problems with family and/or friends.
Determination of serum galactosyltransferase levels in ovarian cancer patients for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic programs.

Abstract The activity of galactosyltransferase using endogenous acceptor(s), (GT-En) in the sera of ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than age and blood-group matched controls. GT-En, and galactosyltransferase activity using an exogenous acceptor (GT-Ex), were assayed in the sera of 30 patients undergoing treatment for ovarian epithelial cancer, at the start of chemotherapy, and after a suitable interval. The direction of the alterations in levels of both these enzymes correctly reflected the clinical response to chemotherapy in most of these patients. The assay of GT-En and GT-Ex in the serum may ge useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic programs in these patients.
The reverse flow-metabolism mismatch pattern seen in cardiac PET viability scans is unrelated to underlying degree of coronary stenosis

Abstract Background: Cardiac PET with N-13 ammonia (NH3) is frequently used to quantify myocardial blood flow (MBF). Myocardial metabolism is often evaluated with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The interplay between MBF and FDG uptake in areas with a reverse flow-metabolism, or reverse mismatch (RMM), pattern [normal NH3 / decreased FDG] remains unclear, but such regions have been found to be dysfunctional. The aim of this study was to determine if MBF in areas showing RMM is abnormal in patients with documented coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac PET for the assessment of viability. Methods: PET viability studies of 28 patients (age 62±12 yrs; 22 males) were evaluated. Scans were divided into nine standardized segments. The flow-metabolism pattern in each segment was classified by two experienced readers as normal [normal NH3/ normal FDG], RMM [normal NH3 / ↓FDG], hibernating [↓NH3/ ↑FDG], infarcted [↓NH3/ ↓FDG] or admixture [inhomogeneous NH3/ inhomogeneous FDG]. The global MBF within each segment was quantified using a 2-compartment kinetic model. Cardiac catheterization data for all 28 patients were reviewed. Results: A total of 242 cardiac segments were analyzed. The global MBF in 38 normal segments did not differ from that in 82 RMM segments (0.79±0.23 vs. 0.75±0.23 ml/g/min; p = NS). MBF was lower in 63 hibernating (0.65±0.21 ml/g/min), 43 infarcted (0.49±0.18 ml/g/min), and 16 admixture (0.61±0.23 ml/g/min) segments compared with normal regions (p Conclusions: MBF in regions of RMM is not different from MBF in normal regions. The RMM pattern is unrelated to the presence of obstructive coronary stenoses in vessels supplying affected regions, but likely reflects a metabolic derangement in glucose uptake in regions that are viable, but dysfunctional and likely jeopardized.
Neuroscience: Weight loss through smoking

Many people smoke to keep their weight down. The identification of the molecular target in the brain for the appetite-suppressant effects of nicotine is a first step towards finding healthy alternatives to smoking for weight management.
Making the connection between public relations and marketing: building relationships, corporate equity and a ‘culture‐to‐customer’ business philosophy

As marketers develop new marketing strategies and as marketing scholars seek a new paradigm for the field, public relations perspectives may be preferred over traditional marketing perspectives. Given that public relations has a longer history in building relationships and corporate equity — two of the cornerstones of marketing's future — a public relations perspective has the potential, first to help marketers move from a tactical to a strategic focus, secondly, to contribute substantially to marketing theory by providing depth, breadth and context to emerging concepts such as brand equity, one‐to‐one marketing and relationship marketing, and thirdly, to help more organisations discover the ‘culture‐to‐customer’ business philosophy that characterises most great marketing organisations.
El caso del soberano en el inconsciente: La escena primaria de la teología política

La propuesta de Schmitt, que la modernidad europea (es decir, la forma moderna del Estado, la construccion del ser humano en tanto sujeto potencial o actualmente politico) emerge con la secularizacion de los conceptos teologicos, se funda en el concepto debil de la mediacion. Este ensayo muestra que la fantasia de un encuentro inmediato entre dos campos en apariencia consustanciales, la teologia y la politica, deforma el idioma critico-filosofico contemporaneo, haciendo impensable un pensamiento determinado de la libertad y de la soberania. La lectura que hace Freud de Schiller, y la que nos ofrece Lacan de Freud, nos sirven de ejemplo y de patron metodologico para demostrar como un pensamiento mas consecuente de la mediacion literaria puede llevar a otras formas de soberania y de libertad que las que puede contemplar la tradicion que se funda en Schmitt.
Effect of stress upon rate of change of heart-beat rate.

The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of the rate of change of heart rate (instantaneous heart rate) from non-stress to stress conditions. Ss were 80 white male science or engineering majors, all free from emotional or physical disorders. They were subjected to psychological and physiological stress, and all were required to show an increase from pre-stress to post-stress conditions in both subjective and physiological indexes of stress. Pre- and post-stress rate of change of heart-rate scores were compared. The difference between the mean scores was not significant (p < .10). The correlation between pre- and post-test rate of change was .64. It was concluded that the rate of change of heart-rate is a stable parameter.
The intramolecular ene reaction of carbon-nitrogen double bonds

Abstract Acyl imines, prepared from hydroxyl amine derivatives, have been observed to undergo the intramoleculr ene reaction producing nitrogen heterocycles.
Stirrings in the Graveyard

Severe sepsis is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and is responsible for health care costs approaching $15 billion per year in the United States alone. Despite the magnitude of the problem, there are no drugs that specifically treat this complex and frequently fatal syndrome beyond
Interpreting Successes and Failures: The Influence of Perfectionism on Perspective

The findings reported in this article are part of a larger study investigating perfectionism in gifted college students. This qualitative interview study examined differences in the interpretation of successes and failures between gifted college students scoring high on either socially prescribed or self-oriented perfectionism. Findings indicated that socially prescribed perfectionists tended to minimize their successes. They made internal attributions for failure, and they overgeneralized and inflated its ramifications. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionists took pride in their successes and made internal attributions for them. With regard to their failures, they made attributions that were situation-specific, and they were able to keep them in perspective. However, they did report frustration and anger when confronting a failure in a situation where they had applied their greatest effort. Based on these findings, implications for future research and recommendations for parents and educators of gifted children are suggested.
Evaluation of student perceptions of concept mapping activity in a didactic pharmaceutics course

Abstract Objective To incorporate a concept mapping assignment as an active learning strategy in a pharmaceutics course and evaluate student perceptions about this new activity. Design A total of 67 students were given an individual and group concept mapping assignments to analyze the interrelationships of physicochemical properties, formulation factors, and excipient requirements of a specific dosage form. A student satisfaction survey was administered to collect student perceptions about the activity anonymously. Assessment All students and student groups successfully completed concept maps based on the rubric provided by the faculty. A total of 46 students (69%) completed the satisfaction survey. Overall, students reported that the use of concept mapping improved their understanding of the course material. Conclusions The concept map assignment allowed students to visualize how different properties of individual dosage forms are interrelated. It is a useful tool for integrating instructional concepts in a pharmaceutics course and beyond. Concept maps enhance learning experiences and lead to a better understanding of the fundamental concepts.
Accurate Evaluation of Quantum Integrals

Combining an appropriate finite difference method with Richardson's extrapolation results in a simple, highly accurate numerical method for solving a Schrodinger's equation. Important results are that error estimates are provided, and that one can extrapolate expectation values rather than the wavefunctions to obtain highly accurate expectation values. We discuss the eigenvalues, the error growth in repeated Richardson's extrapolation, and show that the expectation values calculated on a crude mesh can be extrapolated to obtain expectation values of high accuracy.
Rhabdoid carcinoma of anal canal: Role of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in establishing lineage

ABSTRACT Rhabdoid carcinoma is a high-grade carcinoma with rhabdoid features and it is different from rhabdoid tumors that are broadly defined as malignant neoplasms with rhabdoid cellular appearance found primarily in the pediatric population, but adult cases have been reported in many anatomic locations. To date, no cases of anal canal rhabdoid carcinoma have been reported in the adult or pediatric population. We are reporting the first case of anal canal rhabdoid carcinoma, found in a 75-year-old male. We utilized ultrastructural as well as immunohistochemical studies to arrive at our diagnosis. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated the intermediate filament congregating to impart a rhabdoid appearance to tumor cells, and cytokeratin intermediate filaments and short microvilli indicating nature of tumor as carcinoma. Immunohistochemical phenotype showed neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, pan-cytokeratin AE1/3, p63 and D2-40, which supports the genesis of tumor from skin adnexa. Even in the modern era of surgical pathology that routinely utilizes immunohistochemistry and molecular studies, adequate use of electron microscopy to help pinpoint the diagnosis in challenging cases is important.
Possible Role of Cellular Immunity: A Case of Cellulitis

On the basis of the observation that there was a “skip” area in an otherwise diffuse drug eruption where cellulitis had previously occurred, it is theorized that both delayed hypersensitivity type of dermatologic drug reaction and cellulitis share pathogenic mechanisms. Cellulitis is one of the most common maladies seen, and it occurs in individuals in all age groups. It is fortunate that the majority of patients with cellulitis make an uneventful recovery after receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, many of these patients are at risk for subsequent bouts of cellulitis. It is surprising that so little is known about the pathogenesis of cellulitis, because it is so common and it recurs so often. Successful therapy, coupled with a low rate of complications, may have resulted in part in a limited interest in examining the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the production of cellulitis. Long-term clinical experience and case-control data [1, 2] indicate that several factors predispose patients to cellulitis and are probably operative in the pathogenesis of the illness. How these factors predispose patients to cellulitis is currently unknown. We present a case report that provides an important clue for the diagnosis of cellulitis pathogenesis. Clinical features of this case prompt us to hypothesize that delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of maculopapular drug reactions also account for the local skin and soft tissue changes associated with cellulitis. A 61-year-old man presented with acute onset of swelling of the left lower-extremity and erythema associated with fever and chills. He was mentally retarded and lived in a group home.
The Development of Social Behavior Following Neonatal Amygdala Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys

We examined the role of the amygdala in the development of nonhuman primate social behavior. Twenty-four rhesus monkeys received bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of either the amygdala or the hippocampus or received a sham surgical procedure at 2 weeks of age. Subjects were reared with their mothers and were provided daily access to social rearing cohorts. The subjects were weaned at 6 months of age and then observed while paired with familiar conspecifics at 6 and 9 months of age and with unfamiliar conspecifics at 1 year of age. The subjects were also observed during daily cohort socialization periods. Neither amygdala nor hippocampus lesions altered fundamental aspects of social behavior development. All subjects, regardless of lesion condition, developed a species-typical repertoire of social behavior and displayed interest in conspecifics during social encounters. The amygdala lesions, however, clearly affected behaviors related to fear processing. The amygdala-lesioned subjects produced more fear behaviors during social encounters than did control or hippocampus-lesioned subjects. Although the heightened fear response of the amygdala-lesioned subjects was consistent across different testing paradigms and was observed with both familiar and novel partners, it did not preclude social interactions. In fact, the amygdala-lesioned subjects displayed particular social behaviors, such as following, cooing, grunting, presenting to be groomed, and presenting to be mounted more frequently than either control or hippocampus-lesioned subjects. These findings are consistent with the view that the amygdala is not needed to develop fundamental aspects of social behavior and may be more related to the detection and avoidance of environmental dangers.
The prevalence of injury in Kendo.

AbstractObjective: Kendo is a Japanese martial art analogous to fencing, which is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The large number of participants creates a need to assess injury patterns to better train them. The purpose of this study is to describe current injury rates in kendo and compare these rates to other martial arts. Methods: This retrospective study used an online questionnaire sent to 500 active members of the All United States Kendo Federation and World Kendo Federation. The questionnaire, based on the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, contains questions regarding location and type of injuries sustained during competition and practice, time lost to training, and competitor demographics. Statistical analyses between competitor demographics and injury rates are provided. Injury rates are expressed as injury rates/minute of competition or practice and by athlete exposures. 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Responses from 307 of 500 kendo players were received (response rate = 61.4%). 41 (...
Optimizing polyphase-coded FM waveforms within a LINC transmit architecture

Linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) is a design approach used to mitigate the nonlinear distortion introduced by the transmitter components, particularly the high-power amplifier. This work investigates using the LINC approach in combination with a new polyphasecoded FM (PCFM) waveform optimization strategy to strike a balance between waveform effectiveness, power efficiency, and spectral containment. A hardware-in-the-loop optimization of LINC-PCFM waveforms is employed to enable joint consideration of the transmitter components and the excitation waveforms.
'SLI', a generic category of language impairment that emerges from specific differences: a case study of two individual linguistic profiles.

This paper looks at data taken from two school-aged children labelled as 'SLI' and examines their individual linguistic profiles both at the outset of a specific therapy intervention and approximately 1 year later. The study sought to assess their language abilities within a conversational context and to assess the efficacy of a particular area of their therapy programme. Differences in the two children's individual LARSP profiles raised questions relating to (a) the overall usefulness of 'SLI' as a diagnostic category of disorder, and (b) the need for greater use of detailed syntactic analysis by Speech Language Pathologists in both diagnostics and in implementing therapy programmes.
Collision indicator charts for gantry-couch position combinations for Varian linacs

The use of non-coplanar radiation fields can potentially lead to collisions between the gantry and the couch or patient. The collisions are often not realized until the plan is finished and the fields are checked on the machine, or even later when the patient is already on the table. This paper presents an easy method of gauging if a collision is likely between the gantry and couch or patient during treatment planning. The method involves creating a chart of allowable gantry and couch combinations. The charts contain curves on a polar graph of the gantry and couch angle "plane". The curves display the limits of collisions for each gantry and couch combination for vertical couch positions 10, 15 and 20 cm below isocenter and for couch lateral positions of -10, 0, +10 cm, covering the majority of couch positions encountered in patient treatments. All combinations in the region within the curves (containing the origin) are valid, while all combinations outside the curves will result in a collision. The data for the charts are collected from measurements of the gantry angle that just clears each couch angle. The patient presence was modeled by placing a stereotactic body frame on the top of the couch. Separate charts were created for couch angles between 0° and 90° and between 360° and 270° over all gantry angles. The graphs are easy to create, implement, and use in the clinic and help reduce the time, complications, and uncertainties of planning with non-coplanar fields.
The Effects of Monocular Cues on a 3-D Target Acquisition Task

This study evaluated the effects of linear perspective, droplines, and shadows on 3-D target acquisition performance. A display was presented with and without a linear perspective cue. When linear perspective was presented, it could include droplines, shadows, or both. Participants moved a cursor ‘into’ a target on the display as quickly and accurately as possible using a 3-D input device. Movement time and path length to acquire each target, as well as its three display dimensions (azimuth, elevation, and range), were measured. Results showed that linear perspective alone did not enhance target acquisition performance. The effects of droplines and shadows were target location dependent — reducing movement times and path lengths to upper-front and lower-back targets by apparently facilitating range dimension acquisition. Movement trajectory analysis revealed that participants overlapped the target with the cursor and then acquired the target along the depth axis. The upper-back and lower-front targets wer...