cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The consequences of decentralized security in a cooperative storage system

Traditional storage systems have considered security as a problem to be solved at the perimeter: once a user is authenticated, each device internal to the system trusts the decision made elsewhere. However, as storage systems become ever more distributed, shared, and dynamic, it becomes necessary to enforce security at the boundaries of each storage device, rather than around the system as a whole. This form of decentralized security presents several new challenges in the design and implementation of distributed storage systems. We explore challenges in distributed file systems, third party transfer, active storage, and group management in the context of a 200-node cooperative storage system deployed at the University of Notre Dame. These explorations result in three recommendations for future system designs
Time-stretched analogue-to-digital conversion

A new concept for analogue-to-digital (ADC) conversion is proposed and demonstrated. The analogue signal is stretched in time prior to sampling and quantisation. Time stretching increases the input bandwidth and sampling rate of the ADC and is best implemented using optoelectronic techniques.
Decrease in leaf sucrose synthesis leads to increased leaf starch turnover and decreased RuBP regeneration-limited photosynthesis but not Rubisco-limited photosynthesis in Arabidopsis null mutants of SPSA1

We investigated the individual effect of null mutations of each of the four sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) genes in Arabidopsis (SPSA1, SPSA2, SPSB and SPSC) on photosynthesis and carbon partitioning. Null mutants spsa1 and spsc led to decreases in maximum SPS activity in leaves by 80 and 13%, respectively, whereas null mutants spsa2 and spsb had no significant effect. Consistently, isoform-specific antibodies detected only the SPSA1 and SPSC proteins in leaf extracts. Leaf photosynthesis at ambient [CO₂] was not different among the genotypes but was 20% lower in spsa1 mutants when measured under saturating [CO₂] levels. Carbon partitioning at ambient [CO₂] was altered only in the spsa1 null mutant. Cold treatment of plants (4 °C for 96 h) increased leaf soluble sugars and starch and increased the leaf content of SPSA1 and SPSC proteins twofold to threefold, and of the four null mutants, only spsa1 reduced leaf non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in response to cold treatment. It is concluded that SPSA1 plays a major role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves, and decreases in leaf SPS activity lead to increased starch synthesis and starch turnover and decreased Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration-limited photosynthesis but not ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)-limited photosynthesis, indicating a limitation of triose-phosphate utilization (TPU).
Studies on silicon accumulation in developing internodal epidermal cells of Cyperus alternifolius

Electron probe analysis was employed to study the accumulation and distribution of silicon in differentiating epidermal cells of the developing internode ofCyperus alternifolius. The process of silicon accumulation was found to occur from the base to the tip of an elongating internode. The accumulation of silicon by long epidermal cells and silica cells in the elongating internode appears to occur in two stages: the first is gradual and takes place in the basal portion of the internode in regions within the intercalary meristem ; the second is rapid and occurs at sites well above the intercalary meristem. The.first stage is much more prolonged in the long epidermal cells than in the silica cells. This study indicates that in plants such as Cyperus the process of silicification does not proceed nearly as rapidly as in internodes of Arena (oat) and Equisetum. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. La microsonde ~ rayons X fut utilisge pour l'dtude de l' accumulation et de la rgpartition du silicium en vue de d~ff'drencier les ceUules de l'gpiderme des entre-noeuds du Cyperus alternifolius au cours de leur dgveloppement. Il fut gtabli que le silicium s' accumulait graduellement de la base aux extr~mitds des entre-noeuds. L'accumulation du silicium par les cellules silicieuses darts la longueur des entre-noeuds semble s'effectuer en deux dtapes. La premidre a lieu progressivement et se produit dans la partie de base de l' entre-noeud g~ l'intdrieur du mgrist~me intercalaire ; la seconde est rapide et s'effectue dans des sites gloigngs du mgristkme intercalaire. La premikre grape est beaucoup plus lente le long des cellules gpidermiques que darts les cellules silicieuses. Cette gtude montre que le processus de silicification darts des plantes telles que Cyperus n'est de loin pas aussi rapide que dans les entre-noeuds d'Avena (orge) et Equisetum. Diffgrentes possibilitds d'explication de ces diffgrences sont avancles. Mit einer Elektronensonde wurden Anlagerung und Verteilung yon Silizium in den differenzierenden Epidermiszellen des Zwischenknotens yon Cyperus alternifolius untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass der Siliziumanreicherungsprozess vom Fusse bis zur Spitze eines sich verliingernden Knotens vor sich geht. In den langen Epidermiszellen und den Siliziumzellen des sich verliingernden Zwischenknotens geschieht der Anreicherungsprozess in zwei Phasen. Die erste ist langsam und findet im unteren Teil des Zwischenknotens in der Gegend des Intercalarmeristems statt. Die zweite ist rasch und geht weit oberhalb des Intercalarmeristems vor sich. Die erste Phase dauert viel liinger in den langen Epidermiszellen als in den SiliziumzeUen. Diese Arbeit deutet darauf hin, dass in Pflanzen wie Cyperus die Verkieselung viel liinger dauert als in den Zwischenknoten yon Arena (Hafer) und Equisetum. Die Bedeutung dieser Unterschiede werden er6rtert.
Convolutriloba macropyga sp. nov., an uncommonly fecund acoel (Acoelomorpha) discovered in tropical aquaria

A new species of Convolutriloba Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988, collected from an aquarium in Marietta, Georgia, USA, and cultured at the University of Georgia comprises exceptionally large individuals, up to 10 mm in length. Like other members of the genus, Convolutriloba macropyga sp. nov. reproduces asexually and possesses symbiotic zoochlorellae, but it also routinely reproduces sexually, laying relatively large eggs that hatch into aposymbiotic juveniles with a statocyst and frontal organ ( which are absent in the adults). C. macropyga has a narrow tolerance for extremes of temperature and salinity: it cannot survive outside of a temperature range of 18–28 degrees C and suffers 50% lethality at salinity as low as 24 ppt and as high as 44 ppt. It cannot survive total darkness for longer than 23–26 days, even with prey provided, suggesting an obligate symbiosis with its algal endosymbiont. A method for inducing sexual reproduction in other convolutrilobids is presented, as are suggestions for successful shipping of these acoels.
Control of flow in resin transfer molding with real-time preform permeability estimation

Variabilities in the preform structure in situ in the mold are an acknowledged challenge to achieving reliable preform saturation in liquid molding processes. Physical models offer an effective means of deriving real-time process control decisions so as to steer the resin flow in a desired manner, which ensures complete preform saturation. An important parameter influencing the fidelity of the simulations is the preform permeability, which is a strong function of the preform microstructure. A model-based control strategy that incorporates the ability to determine and utilize local permeability information in real-time is of much value, and forms the focus of the paper. An intelligent model-based controller is developed that uses virtual sensing of permeability to derive optimal decisions on controlling the injection pressures at the mold inlet ports in a resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The controller employs an artificial neural network, trained using process simulation data, as an on-line flow simulator, and a simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the injection pressures on-the-fly during the process. Preform permeability is virtually sensed during the process, based on the flow front velocities and the local pressure gradient along the flow front, estimated using a fuzzy logic model. The controller, implemented on an RTM process, is shown to be able to accurately steer the flow fronts through various preform configurations.
What are the differences in driver injury outcomes at highway-rail grade crossings? Untangling the role of pre-crash behaviors

Crashes at highway-rail grade crossings can result in severe injuries and fatalities to vehicle occupants. Using a crash database from the Federal Railroad Administration (N=15,639 for 2004-2013), this study explores differences in safety outcomes from crashes between passive controls (Crossbucks and STOP signs) and active controls (flashing lights, gates, audible warnings and highway signals). To address missing data, an imputation model is developed, creating a complete dataset for estimation. Path analysis is used to quantify the direct and indirect associations of passive and active controls with pre-crash behaviors and crash outcomes in terms of injury severity. The framework untangles direct and indirect associations of controls by estimating two models, one for pre-crash driving behaviors (e.g., driving around active controls), and another model for injury severity. The results show that while the presence of gates is not directly associated with injury severity, the indirect effect through stopping behavior is statistically significant (95% confidence level) and substantial. Drivers are more likely to stop at gates that also have flashing lights and audible warnings, and stopping at gates is associated with lower injury severity. This indirect association lowers the chances of injury by 16%, compared with crashes at crossings without gates. Similar relationships between other controls and injury severity are explored. Generally, crashes occurring at active controls are less severe than crashes at passive controls. The results of study can be used to modify Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to account for crash injury severity. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of safety by incorporating pre-crash behaviors in a broader framework that quantifies correlates of crash injury severity at active and passive crossings.
Introduction to Doublet Mechanics

The mechanics of solids may be broadly divided into two major branches that differ on whether the underlying mass distribution is assumed to be discrete or continuous. Discrete models quite obviously reflect the nature of solids at the angstrom scale and may be supplemented with extremely detailed information on the interaction kinetics to yield predictive capabilities of extraordinary accuracy. continuum mechanics, on the other hand, is commonly based on the identification of actual media with regions of Euclidean space. In this domain, continuum mechanics has yielded results of exceptional beauty and very high practical value as a foundation for a multitude of engineering structural theories and computational schemes.
ABIM Update: Latest MOC Changes: ACC Leaders Determine Next Steps.

![Figure][1] In response to ongoing efforts by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), other cardiology specialty societies, and other internal medicine stakeholders, the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has reversed several of its most contentious Maintenance of Certification (
Glucuronides Are the Main Isoflavone Metabolites in Women

Three experiments were conducted to characterize the metabolism of isoflavones from soy milk in women: two meals in 2 wk separated by a 1-wk washout period (Experiment 1), one meal feeding (Experiment 2) and six consecutive days of feeding (Experiment 3). Urine and plasma samples were extracted directly or predigested before extraction with H-2 beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase or B-3 beta-glucuronidase so that isoflavone glucuronide and sulfate conjugates could be determined by difference. Among the three experiments, no significant differences were found in the proportion of glucuronide, sulfate and aglycone isoflavones recovered from plasma samples taken 3 h after isoflavone dosing or in 24-h urine samples taken after isoflavone dosing. In the 6-d feeding study, samples taken on d 5 and 6 did not differ significantly in isoflavone content or proportion of the metabolites studied. The percentages of daidzein and genistein glucuronides were 73 +/- 4 and 71 +/- 5% of total daidzein and genistein excreted in urine, and 62 +/- 4 and 53 +/- 6% of total daidzein and genistein present in plasma, respectively. Percentages of aglycone daidzein and genistein were 4 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1% of total daidzein and genistein in urine, and 18 +/- 2 and 26 +/- 7% of total daidzein and genistein present in plasma, respectively. These studies showed that about one fifth of circulating isoflavones are aglycones. Concentrations of isoflavones chosen for in vitro studies should take this into account. Because the glucuronide isoflavones predominate in vivo, these metabolites should not be overlooked as possible contributors to observed effects of isoflavones.
Essentials of Social Work Policy Practice, by C. J. Rocha and A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving (3rd ed.), by E. Bardach

The book Essentials of Social Work Policy Practice has 10 chapters, a reference list, and an index section and is part of a series in the Essentials of Social Work Practice series. The purpose of t...
Comparison of hormonal responses to hypotension in mature and immature fetal lambs.

We studied norepinephrine (NE) and plasma renin activity (PRA) responses to sodium nitroprusside (NP)-induced hypotension in seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs 0.79-0.94 gestation (mature) and in seven fetuses 0.64-0.72 gestation (immature) 4 or 5 days after surgery. We infused intravenously 5% dextrose in water (DW) or NP in DW to reduce arterial pressure 30% in fetuses for 10 min. Initial infusion choice was random, and the two infusions were separated by 24-48 h. In both groups, basal NE levels were similar and doubled in response to hypotension. In mature fetuses, PRA basal levels were 6.89 +/- 1.80 ng.ml-1.h-1 and increased two- to threefold with hypotension. In immature fetuses, PRA basal levels were 2.42 +/- 0.86 ng.ml-1.h-1 and did not change with hypotension. No changes were observed with DW infusion in either group. Arterial blood gases were normal and remained unchanged. We conclude that in the lamb fetus, NE responses to hypotension are present before and are independent of the development of PRA responses and that before 0.72 gestation there is a functional deficit in the renin-angiotensin system.
Supracondylar fracture of the adult femur ; a study of one hundred and ten cases

The clinical findings and pathological anatomy of 110 fractures through the lower three inches of the femur are presented. A classification based upon the type of displacement (Fig. 1) was thought to be more descriptive of the problem than the terms supracondylar and dicondylar alone. Each category presented clinical characteristics which are described. Seventy-seven fractures were followed for from one year to twenty-four years after injury. The results, graded by a numerical rating system, are considered according to anatomical classification. The results in patients treated by internal fixation are compared with those in patients treated by closed methods. No category of fracture at this level seemed well suited for internal fixation, and sufficient fixation to eliminate the need for external support or to shorten convalescence was rarely attained. The majority of serious local complications occurred after this form of treatment and, of twenty-nine patients so treated and evaluated, only 52 per cent obtained a satisfactory rating. Closed treatment yielded satisfactory results in 90 per cent of the forty-eight patients evaluated and in 84 per cent of those with displaced supracondylar fractures. Functional recovery was slow in patients with Group II-A and Group III injuries. Common errors in the management of tibial traction, noted during this study, supplemented by laboratory and cineroentgenographic observations, are discussed.
Functional Connectivity of the Infant Human Brain: Plastic and Modifiable

Infancy is a critical and immensely important period in human brain development. Subtle changes during this stage may be greatly amplified with the unfolding of different developmental processes, exerting far-reaching consequences. Studies of the structure and behavioral manifestations of the infant brain are fruitful. However, the specific functional brain mechanisms that enable the execution of different behaviors remained elusive until the advent of functional connectivity fMRI (fcMRI), which provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the infant functional brain development in vivo. Since its inception, a burgeoning field of infant brain functional connectivity study has emerged and thrived during the past decade. In this review, we describe (1) findings of normal development of functional connectivity networks and their relationships to behaviors and (2) disruptions of the normative functional connectivity development due to identifiable genetic and/or environmental risk factors during the first 2 years of human life. Technical considerations of infant fcMRI are also provided. It is our hope to consolidate previous findings so that the field can move forward with a clearer picture toward the ultimate goal of fcMRI-based objective methods for early diagnosis/identification of risks and evaluation of early interventions to optimize developing functional connectivity networks in this critical developmental window.
Role of Relaxin in Pregnancy Maintenance and Termination in Mice.

SummaryVarious levels and combinations of progesterone, estradiol benzoate, and relaxin were administered to pregnant mice ovariectomized on day 7 or 13. P alone at level of 0.75 mg was successful in carrying many fetuses to term but relaxation was abnormal and parturition difficult. In mice ovariectomized on day 7 of pregnancy various combinations of EB, P, and R were generally unsuccessful in the maintenance of pregnancy, relaxation, and normal parturition. Ovariectomy on day 13 of pregnancy and treatment with these hormones had a favorable effect on parturition and 50% of the mice delivered normal young.
Approach to the Complicated Alcohol Withdrawal Patient

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes are common causes for admission to the intensive care unit. As many as one-fifth of the admitted patients have an alcohol-associated disorder. Identifying the benefit of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists has shifted toward methods to improve benzodiazepine (BZD) utilization. Literature validating this treatment approach in severe withdrawal, especially in the critical care setting, is limited, and extrapolation to this population may be dangerous. Multiple therapies have been suggested or utilized in the literature including continuous infusion of GABA agonists, ethanol, dexmedetomidine, antiepileptics, and antipsychotics, introducing a significant amount of variability into clinical practice. This variability in treatment approaches highlights the lack of uniformity and recommendations available for the treatment of severe refractory patients. In patients progressing to severe withdrawal, it may be warranted to escalate care with adjunctive or more aggressive therapies. Although multiple practices are commonly used, the evidence supporting their use after failing symptom-triggered or aggressive therapy with BZDs is virtually nonexistent. These patients commonly receive a multimodal approach, which varies substantially between providers and institutions. Further literature should be directed at the approach most likely to provide benefit when standard of care has failed.
Experiment Study of Carbon Fiber Composite Material Damaged by Different Wavelength Laser Beams

In this paper,the damage experiments of carbon fiber composite specimen irradiated by high density laser with two type typical wavelength were studied.The effect of wavelength on damage impact and mode were analyzed.The result shows that under the same power density,the laser energy with short wavelength damage carbon fiber composite surface are worse.Additionally,the mass loss per centimeter square of specimen is 28.64mg/cm2 irradiated by YAG laser,which is about 71% of the value tested by CO2 laser;The mass loss per joule laser energy of the specimen irradiated by YAG laser is 15.0mg/J,which is less than the value 21.4mg/J by CO2 laser;under the same mass loss,the energy needed of YAG laser is more than that of CO2.
The senescent human vertebra; contribution to human osteogeny. III.

The process of senescence in the human vertebra uncomplicated by pathological endocrine disturbances is characterized by three histological reactions. Only one of these is directly physiological; the other two are the products of extraneous influence. The fundamental characteristic is loss of trabecular substance clue to the failure of formation of collagen while its normal, or possibly accelerated, absorption continues. A second manifestation, which may start many years earlier and is often but not necessarily present, is that of osteophytosis about the periphery of the cephalic and caudal margins of the vertebral body. This is particularly prominent along the line of the anterior longitudinal ligament. It is a prolifeiative reaction of suhchondral bone to the wear and tear of the articulating cartilaginous surfaces. The third histological characteristic is to some extent always apparent. One or more small areas of localized avascular necrosis oi infarct spread through the spongiosa. These may be quite numerous in aged specimens, but have not been seen to coalesce and therefore do not apparently become large enough to cause gross collapse of the vertebrae.
A Case Report of Synchronous Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and an Ipsilateral Renal Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Rype II-Possible Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

We described a rare case of left adrenal pheochromocytoma and left renal papillary renal cell carcinoma type II diagnosed and resected simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first case of these two tumors occurring synchronously. The patient is a 63-year-old African American female presenting with unchanged chronic abdominal pain. CT scan …
Encoding extraction as inferences.

The analysis of natural-language text involves many different kinds of processes that might be described in multiple ways. One way to describe these processes is in terms of the semantics of their requirements and results. Such a description makes it possible to view these processes as analogous to inference rules in a theorem-proving system. This analogy is useful for metacognition because there is existing theory and infrastructure for manipulating inference rules. This paper presents a representational framework for text analysis processes. We describe a taxonomy of text extraction tasks that we have represented as inference rules. We also describe a working system that encodes the behavior of text analysis components as a graph of inferences. This representation is used to present browsable explanations of text extraction; in future work, we expect to perform additional automated reasoning over this encoding of text analysis processes.
Donor oocytes are associated with preterm birth when compared to fresh autologous in vitro fertilization cycles in singleton pregnancies.

Objective To use a national registry to examine the role of oocyte donation on pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Women undergoing autologous cycles and donor oocyte recipients in the United States from 2008–2010. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Preterm delivery, birth weight Result(s) The rates of preterm delivery and low birthweight for all members of this cohort were higher than the US national average. Pregnancies resulting from oocyte donation were significantly more likely to end before 34 weeks' and 37 weeks' gestation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.64 for 34 weeks' gestation, adjusted OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.12–1.46 for 37 weeks' gestation), and to result in infants weighing Conclusion(s) Data from a national cohort indicate that donor oocyte recipients are more likely to deliver preterm when compared with autologous patients. The effect of donor oocyte donation on birthweight is likely a function of an increased rate of preterm delivery among this population.
Vitamin D3, calcium, or both did not prevent secondary fractures in elderly people.

Source Citation The RECORD Trial Group. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a ran...
Capitalization in distressed couples: A pilot study and outline for future research

Capitalization—seeking “support” when good things happen—is linked to healthy couple functioning but has never been studied in distressed couples. We examined whether perceptions of capitalization and traditional social support related to couples' satisfaction prior to, and following, couples' therapy at a Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Perceptions of capitalization and traditional social support were associated yet distinct. Not all distressed couples had poor perceptions of support, and greater perceived support related to greater satisfaction at treatment entry. Relationship satisfaction was higher posttreatment for individuals whose partners reported providing them with greater capitalization support prior to treatment. We focus our discussion on the development of systematic research to investigate how capitalization may promote adaptive processes in vulnerable couples.
Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination

Abstract To this day only a single enzyme that introduces fluorine into organic molecules could be identified. Due to this lack of naturally occurring chiral organofluorine compounds, the development of catalytic, enantioselective fluorination methods is of particular interest. During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in this field and asymmetric fluorination, and it has become one of the highlight topics in the area of catalysis. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive summary, not only including early examples of catalytic enantioselective fluorination but also covering the most recent advances that rely on completely new reactivity concepts, such as transition metal catalysis and chrial anion phase-transfer catalysis.
HLA-G: At the Interface of Maternal–Fetal Tolerance

During pregnancy, semiallogeneic fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) invade the uterine mucosa without being rejected by the maternal immune system. Several mechanisms were initially proposed by Peter Medawar half a century ago to explain this apparent violation of the laws of transplantation. Then, three decades ago, an unusual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule was identified: HLA-G. Uniquely expressed in EVT, HLA-G has since become the center of the present understanding of fetus-induced immune tolerance. Despite slow progress in the field, the last few years have seen an explosion in our knowledge of HLA-G biology. Here, we critically review new insights into the mechanisms controlling the expression and function of HLA-G at the maternal–fetal interface, and discuss their relevance for fetal tolerance.
Characterization of large-area pressure sensitive robot skin

Sensorized robot skin has considerable promise to enhance robots’ tactile perception of surrounding environments. For physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) or autonomous manipulation, a high spatial sensor density is required, typically driven by the skin location on the robot. In our previous study, a 4x4 flexible array of strain sensors were printed and packaged onto Kapton sheets and silicone encapsulants. In this paper, we are extending the surface area of the patch to larger arrays with up to 128 tactel elements. To address scalability, sensitivity, and calibration challenges, a novel electronic module, free of the traditional signal conditioning circuitry was created. The electronic design relies on a software-based calibration scheme using high-resolution analog-to-digital converters with internal programmable gain amplifiers. In this paper, we first show the efficacy of the proposed method with a 4x4 skin array using controlled pressure tests, and then perform procedures to evaluate each sensor’s characteristics such as dynamic force-to-strain property, repeatability, and signal-to-noise-ratio. In order to handle larger sensor surfaces, an automated force-controlled test cycle was carried out. Results demonstrate that our approach leads to reliable and efficient methods for extracting tactile models for use in future interaction with collaborative robots.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging using photothermal stimuli-responsive composite nanomodulators

Molecular photoacoustic imaging has shown great potential in medical applications; its sensitivity is normally in pico-to-micro-molar range, dependent on exogenous imaging agents. However, tissue can produce strong background signals, which mask the signals from the imaging agents, resulting in orders of magnitude sensitivity reduction. As such, an elaborate spectral scan is often required to spectrally un-mix the unwanted background signals. Here we show a new single-wavelength photoacoustic dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging technique by employing a stimuli-responsive contrast agent. Our technique can eliminate intrinsic background noises without significant hardware or computational resources. We show that this new contrast agent can generate up to 30 times stronger photoacoustic signals than the concentration-matched inorganic nanoparticle counterparts. By dynamically modulating signals from the contrast agents with an external near-infrared optical stimulus, we can further suppress the background signals leading to an additional increase of more than five-fold in imaging contrast in vivo. Photoacoustic imaging becomes an enabling technology that is designed for clinic diagnosis of disease. Here, Chenet al. report an imaging contrast agent—plasmonic nanoparticles caged in hydrogel subject to reversible volume change depending on temperature, which exhibits tunable photoacoustic signal.
Maternal Dead-end 1 promotes translation of nanos1 by binding the eIF3 complex

In the developing embryo, primordial germ cells (PGCs) represent the exclusive progenitors of the gametes, and their loss results in adult infertility. During early development, PGCs are exposed to numerous signals that specify somatic cell fates. To prevent somatic differentiation, PGCs must transiently silence their genome, an early developmental process that requires Nanos activity. However, it is unclear how Nanos translation is regulated in developing embryos. We report here that translation of nanos1 after fertilization requires Dead-end 1 (Dnd1), a vertebrate-specific germline RNA-binding protein. We provide evidence that Dnd1 protein, expression of which is low in oocytes, but increases dramatically after fertilization, directly interacts with, and relieves the inhibitory function of eukaryotic initiation factor 3f, a repressive component in the 43S preinitiation complex. This work uncovers a novel translational regulatory mechanism that is fundamentally important for germline development.
Impact of Single-Event Transient Duration and Electrical Delay at Reduced Supply Voltages on SET Mitigation Techniques

Single-event transients (SETs) in 16-/14-nm bulk fin field effect transistor (finFET) logic chains have been measured using a custom-designed test IC. A variety of logic gate chains were designed, and SET pulse widths were obtained across a wide range of supply voltages. In light of the increased SET response at reduced supply voltages, the efficacy of filter-based mitigation is assessed by analyzing the voltage dependence of SET duration against the characteristic electrical inverter delay.
The Relationship Between Religious and Psychospiritual Measures and an Inflammation Marker (CRP) in Older Adults Experiencing Life Event Stress.

Inflammation, often measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), is thought to be related to a number of debilitating illnesses as we age, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Stress has also been implicated in these processes. This study examines potential protective effects of spirituality and religion in older adults who have experienced stressful life events. As part of the nationwide Landmark Study of Spirituality and Health, a subsample of 643 middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50) who were at or above the median in number of life stressors (≥ 2) was included in this analysis. Psychospiritual and religious (PS/R) variables included: religious service attendance, prayer, religious meaning, religious hope, general meaning, general hope and sense of peace. Control variables included: age, gender, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, social support. Only church attendance predicted significantly lower CRP after controlling for covariates, even above the other PS/R variables (standardized β = − 0.14, t = − 3.23 p = 0.001). Those with frequent religious service attendance were 38% less likely to have clinically elevated CRP than those who attend rarely or never. Religious service attendance may confer protection in older adults experiencing stressful events as it was significantly associated with lower CRP, an inflammatory marker associated with illness.
Anesthesia for Hepatic Lobectomy

Although the term hepatic lobectomy can apply to removal of either the right or left lobe of the liver, the problems discussed in this chapter are applicable mainly to total right hepatic lobectomy. Extirpation of the left lobe is a comparatively benign procedure which can be performed in conjunction with other types of intra-abdominal operations.
Redundancy in the Nervous System as Substrate for Consciousness: Relation to the Anatomy and Chemistry of Remembering

My task in this chapter is to relate the conscious experience of remembering to the physical and chemical mechanisms of brain cells involved in memory formation. No one will deny, to be sure, that such an enterprise is ultimately necessary. It is, however, clear that with currently available information the best that can be accomplished is to lay the groundwork for, or to outline the various directions of an approach to this problem. The present effort, then, is an attempt to bridge the gap, by providing a specific, testable neurobiological mechanism of consciousness that may be applied at each level of analysis involved in the study of the chemistry of memory.
Hospital variation and characteristics of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use in patients with heart failure: data from the GWTG-HF (Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure) registry.

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe hospital variation and factors associated with adherence to guidelines for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Background Studies have shown incomplete application of ICD therapy in eligible heart failure (HF) patients. Methods New or discharge prescription rates for ICD therapy (ejection fraction ≤30% without documented ICD contraindications) for hospitals were calculated from participants in the GWTG-HF (Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure) registry during January 2005 to June 2007. With hierarchical modeling, hospitals' patient case-mix adjusted ICD rate and hospital factors associated with ICD use were determined. The association of ICD rate and other quality of care indicators and procedure use was determined. Results Overall use of ICD in-hospital or planned implantation rate was 20%. This rate ranged widely among hospitals, from 1% among the lowest tertile to 35% among the top tertile (p Conclusions There is significant unexplained hospital variation in the use of ICD therapy among potentially eligible HF patients. However, hospitals that use ICD therapy more often also have more rapidly adopted other newer evidence-based HF therapies.
Inclusion body myositis: clinical features and pathogenesis.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is often viewed as an enigmatic disease with uncertain pathogenic mechanisms and confusion around diagnosis, classification and prospects for treatment. Its clinical features (finger flexor and quadriceps weakness) and pathological features (invasion of myofibres by cytotoxic T cells) are unique among muscle diseases. Although IBM T cell autoimmunity has long been recognized, enormous attention has been focused for decades on several biomarkers of myofibre protein aggregates, which are present in <1% of myofibres in patients with IBM. This focus has given rise, together with the relative treatment refractoriness of IBM, to a competing view that IBM is not an autoimmune disease. Findings from the past decade that implicate autoimmunity in IBM include the identification of a circulating autoantibody (anti-cN1A); the absence of any statistically significant genetic risk factor other than the common autoimmune disease 8.1 MHC haplotype in whole-genome sequencing studies; the presence of a marked cytotoxic T cell signature in gene expression studies; and the identification in muscle and blood of large populations of clonal highly differentiated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that are resistant to many immunotherapies. Mounting evidence that IBM is an autoimmune T cell-mediated disease provides hope that future therapies directed towards depleting these cells could be effective.
ACUTE AND LONGITUDINAL EFFICACY WITH REMOTE MAGNETIC NAVIGATION FOR PVC ABLATION

Remote magnetic navigation (RMN) is an alternative to manual catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). When compared to manual, RMN has a theoretical advantage of tip stability, which could result in higher acute procedural success. However, RMN has a theoretical disadvantage
Reading Comprehension Research: Implications for Practice and Policy:

Reading comprehension is one of the most complex cognitive activities in which humans engage, making it difficult to teach, measure, and research. Despite decades of research in reading comprehensi...
Solomon Rex and Solomon Grundy.

In thinking about the meaning of the liberal arts, in a teacher's life particularly but also in anyone's, two texts come to mind. The first, a nursery rhyme, fulfills a certain desire that any working person may know, especially midlife and beyond: the desire, whether as a homeopathic charm or extended expletive, for an accurate and effective expression of the ordinary, something to take the measure of the speed with which life goes by, to acknowledge life's tendency toward the generic; a well-turned expression not of evil and terror, but of the sheer quotidian flatness, in retrospect and even prospect; an expression of how, day-by-day out of daily life, everything, including the generic last things, sneaks up on one:
Coincidence Counters for Charge Sharing Compensation in Spectroscopic Photon Counting Detectors

The performance of X-ray photon counting detectors (PCDs), especially on spectral tasks, is compromised by charge sharing. Existing mechanisms to compensate for charge sharing, such as charge summing circuitry or larger pixel sizes, increase and aggravate pileup effects. We propose a new mechanism, the coincidence counting bin (CCB), which does not increase pileup and which has implementation similarities to existing energy bins. The CCB is triggered by coincident events in adjacent pixels and provides an estimate of the double counts arising from charge sharing. Unlike charge summing, the CCB does not directly restore corrupted events. Nonetheless, knowledge of the number of coincident counts can be used by the estimator to reduce noise. We simulated a PCD with and without the CCB using Monte Carlo simulations, modeling PCD pixels as instantaneous charge collectors and X-ray energy deposition as producing a Gaussian charge cloud with 75 micron FWHM, independent of energy. With typical operating conditions and at low flux (120 kVp, incident count rate 1% of characteristic count rate, 30 cm object thickness, five energy bins, pixel pitch of 300 microns), the CCB improved dose efficiency of iodine and water basis material decomposition by 70% and 50%, respectively. An improvement of 20% was also seen in an iodine CNR task. These improvements are attenuated as incident flux increases and show moderate dependence on filtration and pixel size. At high flux, the CCB does not provide useful information and is discarded by the estimator. The CCB may be an effective and practical mechanism for charge sharing compensation in PCDs.
Therapeutic nihilism of neurological diseases: A comparative qualitative study.

Abstract Objective The notion of therapeutic nihilism may lead to early removal of care based upon perceived poor prognosis. The goal of this study was to examine if differences for nihilism perspectives exist between professions and within professions at the different levels of experience and exposure to neurological conditions. Method Survey methods was used to assess perception of care futility and therapeutic nihilism using six case-based scenarios followed by five questions regarding practitioner care choices and perspective. Participants were student and professional occupational and physical therapists, nurses, and doctors (n = 110). Thematic analysis was completed to determine influences on patient care. Results Six themes (quality of life, provider experience, prognosis/treatability, medical details, patient’s age, and family/patient wishes) emerged that influenced treatment decisions across all participants. All provider groups reported prognosis and treatability as their number one factor for treatment decisions, then therapists mentioned QOL most, nurses cited age, and doctors said medical details. Differences between students and professionals were also apparent. Discussion The perceived ability of the patient to recover (prognosis/treatability) with medical care was the most commonly cited reason for aggressive measures, with quality of life, medical details, and patient age also representing strong themes across disciplines and level of training.
Temperature dependence of collisional broadening and shift for the Kr 4p6${S}_{0}^{1}$S01 → 5p[3/2]2 electronic transition: publisher's note.

This publisher’s note corrects the author listing in Appl. Opt.59, 1438 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.380102.
Therapeutic mechanism of Yupingfeng powder combined with montelukast in allergic rhinitis in children

Objective Through the test of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IgE in the peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis, to investigate the immune regulation mechanism of Yupingfeng powder combined with montelukast in allergic rhinitis. Methods 60 children in line with the diagnostic criteria of allergic rhinitis in inpatient or outpatient of our hospital were collected, and randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 28 healthy children without allergic rhinitis were selected as normal group. Normal group was not given any drug, control group was given alone montelukast (Singulair), treatment group was given Singulair and Yupingfeng powder. After 4 weeks of treatment, IL-2, IgE, IL-4 in the peripheral blood were measured. Results Before treatment, IL-2 level in the peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis was significantly lower than that of normal group (P 0.05); IL-4, IgE levels in the peripheral blood were significantly higher than those of normal group (P 0.05). After treatment, IL-2 level in the peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis was higher than that before treatment, there was statistically significant difference between normal group and control group (P 0.05); IL-4, IgE levels in the peripheral blood were lower than those before treatment, there were statistically significant differences between normal group and control group (P 0.05). Conclusion Yupingfeng powder combined with montelukast can effectively improve children' clinical symptoms, regulate the immune state of children in a certain extent, and boost the immune balance. Key words: Yupingfeng powder; Singulair; Allergic rhinitis; Therapeutic mechanism
Addressing the Oral Health of Families in an Underserved, Rural Community

Program Goals: Dental caries pose a significant threat to the overall health and well-being of children. Untreated tooth decay and poor oral health have been shown to negatively impact children’s nutritional status, growth, development, academic achievement, and self-esteem. In the Upper Connecticut River valley, a rural area of northern New England, there is a large population of families with poor oral health and limited access to affordable dental care. This area suffers from a high rate of dental caries, often affecting multiple generations of a family and disproportionately …
Quantile Regression Forests to Identify Determinants of Neighborhood Stroke Prevalence in 500 Cities in the USA: Implications for Neighborhoods with High Prevalence

Stroke exerts a massive burden on the US health and economy. Place-based evidence is increasingly recognized as a critical part of stroke management, but identifying the key determinants of neighborhood stroke prevalence and the underlying effect mechanisms is a topic that has been treated sparingly in the literature. We aim to fill in the research gaps with a study focusing on urban health. We develop and apply analytical approaches to address two challenges. First, domain expertise on drivers of neighborhood-level stroke outcomes is limited. Second, commonly used linear regression methods may provide incomplete and biased conclusions. We created a new neighborhood health data set at census tract level by pooling information from multiple sources. We developed and applied a machine learning–based quantile regression method to uncover crucial neighborhood characteristics for neighborhood stroke outcomes among vulnerable neighborhoods burdened with high prevalence of stroke. Neighborhoods with a larger share of non-Hispanic blacks, older adults, or people with insufficient sleep tended to have a higher prevalence of stroke, whereas neighborhoods with a higher socio-economic status in terms of income and education had a lower prevalence of stroke. The effects of five major determinants varied geographically and were significantly stronger among neighborhoods with high prevalence of stroke. Highly flexible machine learning identifies true drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health outcomes from wide-ranging information in an agnostic and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the effect mechanisms can provide important avenues for prioritizing and allocating resources to develop optimal community-level interventions for stroke prevention.
What We Have Learned

My task is a very difficult one. We had many addresses, with very, very interesting materials and it would be impossible to present even the small fraction of it which I do remember. Also, I do not want simply to repeat what you already heard. Finally, I must admit that I could not follow all presentations.
Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Potential erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes

Batesian mimics – harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species – are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewe...
Variable Order Fractional Integral Inequalities for Spherical Shell

Here are introduced left and right Riemann–Liouville generalized fractional radial integral operators of variable order over a spherical shell. Also are introduced left and right weighted Caputo type generalized fractional radial derivatives of variable order over a spherical shell.