cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consensus: An Academie Question?

The attempt to discredit left-wing scholarship by invoking an ideal of "pure history," as Irwin Unger called it, is the most revealing and amusing of the many revealing episodes in Jonathan Wiener's story. According to Unger and others who raised the standard of politically sanitized, disembodied scholarship, historians should talk only to each other. They should confine their attention to questions that grow out of the "natural dialogue of the discipline," turning a deaf ear to the "outside cultural and political world" with its clamor of contending ideologies. The nervous fear of contamination from outside influences, I believe, even more than a fear of radicalism as such, explains the eagerness of so many historians to dismiss lively and controversial work in the sixties as "not history." What they really objected to was the presence of ideas, radical or otherwise. Serious historical scholarship, as they defined it, was addressed to fellow specialists. It was full of facts and footnotes, written in a heavy academic style, ponderously judicious, inoffensive, and dull. The real crime of the radicals consisted of their determination to reach readers who did not happen to be professional historians. That was enough, quite apart from their politics, to stigmatize their writings as "not history." Among established historians, the only ones who did not join this chorus of dismissive vituperation were those themselves a dying breed -who still thought of historical writing as a public and hence a necessarily political act. The contrast between Unger, David Donald, and Oscar Handlin on the one hand and David Potter, C. Vann Woodward, and Richard Hofstadter on the other was a contrast, not of political ideologies, but of competing conceptions of the historian's craft. Those who insisted that the new scholarship ought to get a hearing, even though they did not agree with much of it, rejected the pretense that trends in scholarship arise exclusively out of the "literature" and owe nothing to changes in the political climate. Potter, Woodward, and Hofstadter spoke for a liberalism that was not afraid to argue with its critics, instead of hiding behind the conventions of value-free objectivity. It is heartening, after reading the depressing record compiled by Wiener a record of dismissal, innuendo, censorship, and entirely unearned condescension to come across Hofstadter's forthright avowal of the political concerns that informed his own work and the work of other consensus historians. This was the quality of mind that made Hofstadter an inspiration even to those of us who had begun to have doubts
The Mouse Erythrocyte Hemagglutinin of Feline Pneumonitis Virus

Haig and Hilleman (1950) have demonstrated a mouse erythrocyte hemagglutinin in the allantoic fluid of embryonated eggs infected with the meningopneumonitis strain of ornithosis virus. This report describes the production of a similar hemagglutinin by another member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group, the feline pneumonitis virus of Baker (1942). The hemagglutinin produced by the growth of feline pneumonitis virus in the allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs was completely separated from the infective virus particles and could be concentrated by differential centrifugation or by adsorption on the flocculent precipitate produced by freezing and thawing infected allantoic fluid. Simultaneous
Discussion on the Truth

The essence of truth is the only objective reality.Objective reality is a dynamic,relative and variational concept.The truth has some basic characteristics,such as,objectivity,naturalness,relativity and vindicability.Truth is their "Way",is their "exist",is their "be".And freedom is the prerequisite to explore the essence of truth.Stripping the feint hid in the objective reality becomes the only road to bare the essence of the truth.For things,exploring the origin,searching for the source,discussing on the logical starting point and the historical occurrence,is the same thing actually."Natural" is the "Way",and also is the truth."Nature-based" is the basic way and means to explore the truth.
Generalized Proportional Allocation Mechanism Design for Unicast Service on the Internet.

In this report we construct two mechanisms that fully implement social welfare maximising allocation in Nash equilibria for the case of a single infinitely divisible good subject to multiple inequality constraints. The first mechanism achieves weak budget balance, while the second is an extension of the first, and achieves strong budget balance. One important application of this mechanism is unicast service on the Internet where a network operator wishes to allocate rates among strategic users in such a way that maximise overall user satisfaction while respecting capacity constraints on every link in the network. The emphasis of this work is on full implementation, which means that all Nash equilibria of the induced game result in the optimal allocations of the centralized allocation problem.
Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston, [‘Charlotte, Emily, and Miss Wooler’] (1831–1838), in The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt K.C.B.: A Memoir (London: Macmillan, 1929), pp. 2–5

… Sir Clifford’s mother was Marianne, daughter of John Wooler of Dewsbury, whose elder daughters — the Misses Wooler of Roehead — were on very friendly terms with Charlotte Bronte. The Miss Margaret Wooler so often mentioned in connection with the Brontes in the writings of Mrs Gaskell, T. Wemyss Reid, and F. A. L[e]yland, died in 1885 at the age of ninety-three with her mental faculties unimpaired; she kept a school at Roehead, between Leeds and Huddersfield, to which the three Bronte sisters went, and to which, when the school was transferred in 1836 to Heald’s House at the top of Dewsbury Moor, Charlotte returned as a mistress. Allbutt knew Charlotte (1816–55), and as a small boy had seen Emily Bronte; he inherited Charlotte Bronte’s letters to Miss Wooler, and presented them and an inscribed first edition of Villette (1853) to the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Before he became perpetual curate of Haworth in 1820 the Reverend Patrick Bronte (1777–1861) had been a curate at Dewsbury (1808–11), but before the Allbutts went there.
Why We Think We Can Make Things Better with Evidence-Based Practice: Theoretical and Developmental Context

More than 20 years ago, Cicchetti and Lynch (Psychiatry 56:96–118, 1993) developed a theory to explain how child maltreatment could have such a potent effect on children’s development: the ecological-transactional model of development. Ecological-transactional theory is founded on an understanding that different qualities of children’s environments—their cultural environments, social resources, family environments, and individual differences all combine to shape the way children respond to the surrounding world. It suggests that the younger a child is when he or she experiences an adverse event such as maltreatment, the more far-reaching its effects would be, since these same systems affected by the stress of maltreatment rapidly develop in the early years of life. This chapter discusses the way that maltreatment affects children’s development and uses ecological-transaction theory to discuss why we believe EBTs can make a difference in children’s lives.
Role of actin in shaping autophagosomes

One of the main unanswered questions regarding the early steps of macroautophagy/autophagy is the mechanism of membrane-modeling events required for autophagosome formation. Three independent studies have recently revealed an actin cytoskeleton involvement in this process, providing significant details regarding the role of actin in nucleation events both inside and outside the phagophore membrane during its expansion and assembly.
A cross-curricular approach to fostering innovation such as virtual reality development through student-led projects

As the Computer Science (CS) Curricula 2013 report states, CS programs should prepare students “for the workforce in a more holistic way than simply conveying technical facts. Indeed, soft skills (such as teamwork, verbal and written communication, time management, problem solving, and flexibility) and personal attributes (such as risk tolerance, collegiality, patience, work ethic, identification of opportunity …) play a critical role in the workplace.” It also states that CS programs must “expose students to multiple programming languages, tools, paradigms, and technologies as well as the fundamental underlying principles”. Meeting all of these curricular goals is a challenge, especially for small CS programs, where resources are limited. This paper describes a model for enabling student innovation through the use of student-led projects, across the CS curriculum, within several foundational CS courses and as part of the senior design course. To illustrate how this model incorporates emerging technologies, sample student-led Virtual Reality (VR) projects are described. Results show student-led projects promote learning and help students express creativity and innovation while developing their soft skills and personal attributes. Additionally, this approach instills a culture of creativity and innovation embraced by the CS student body, where advanced students assist newer students as they embark on their journey; and it has had a significant impact on retaining CS students.
A Controlled Particle Filter for Global Optimization

A particle filter is introduced to numerically approximate a solution of the global optimization problem. The theoretical significance of this work comes from its variational aspects: (i) the proposed particle filter is a controlled interacting particle system where the control input represents the solution of a mean-field type optimal control problem; and (ii) the associated density transport is shown to be a gradient flow (steepest descent) for the optimal value function, with respect to the Kullback--Leibler divergence. The optimal control construction of the particle filter is a significant departure from the classical importance sampling-resampling based approaches. There are several practical advantages: (i) resampling, reproduction, death or birth of particles is avoided; (ii) simulation variance can potentially be reduced by applying feedback control principles; and (iii) the parametric approximation naturally arises as a special case. The latter also suggests systematic approaches for numerical approximation of the optimal control law. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples.
Advancements in automated tissue segmentation pipeline for contrast-enhanced CT scans of adult and pediatric patients

The development of a random forests machine learning technique is presented for fully-automated neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis tissue segmentation of CT images using Trainable WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) Segmentation (TWS) plugin of FIJI (ImageJ, NIH). The use of a single classifier model to segment six tissue classes (lung, fat, muscle, solid organ, blood/contrast agent, bone) in the CT images is studied. An automated unbiased scheme to sample pixels from the training images and generate a balanced training dataset over the seven classes is also developed. Two independent training datasets are generated from a pool of 4 adult (>55 kg) and 3 pediatric patients (<;=55 kg) with 7 manually contoured slices for each patient. Classifier training investigated 28 image filters comprising a total of 272 features. Highly correlated and insignificant features are eliminated using Correlated Feature Subset (CFS) selection with Best First Search (BFS) algorithms in WEKA. The 2 training models (from the 2 training datasets) had 74 and 71 input training features, respectively. The study also investigated the effect of varying the number of trees (25, 50, 100, and 200) in the random forest algorithm. The performance of the 2 classifier models are evaluated on inter-patient intra-slice, intrapatient inter-slice and inter-patient inter-slice test datasets. The Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) and confusion matrices are used to understand the performance of the classifiers across the tissue segments. The effect of number of features in the training input on the performance of the classifiers for tissue classes with less than optimal DSC values is also studied. The average DSC values for the two training models on the inter-patient intra-slice test data are: 0.98, 0.89, 0.87, 0.79, 0.68, and 0.84, for lung, fat, muscle, solid organ, blood/contrast agent, and bone, respectively. The study demonstrated that a robust segmentation accuracy for lung, muscle and fat tissue classes. For solid-organ, blood/contrast and bone, the performance of the segmentation pipeline improved significantly by using the advanced capabilities of WEKA. However, further improvements are needed to reduce the noise in the segmentation.
A prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of best systemic therapy (BST) or BST plus definitive treatment (Surgery or Radiation) of the primary tumor in metastatic prostate cancer.

TPS5075 Background: Treatment for metastatic (M1) prostate cancer (PC) is centered on the use of systemic therapy. Evidence suggests that definitive treatment of the primary tumor (DTPT) may improv...
Health Examinations and Clinical Diagnostic Procedures of Ratites

focus of health examinations has shifted from the individual bird to the flock. Veterinarians are still required to perform health examinations on individual birds to diagnose diseases and contribute to the health of the flock. This article discusses clinical evaluation of physical examination, diagnostic testing and necropsy procedures. Presentations of disease in juveniles are also discussed as a problem area. Recommendations to prevent and treat diseases are include
Romantic motivations for social media use, social comparison, and online aggression among adolescents

Abstract This study examines whether adolescent motivations for social media use, social comparison tendencies and gender are related to online aggression victimization and/or perpetration. Results from a national cross-sectional survey of adolescents (N = 340) reveal that social media use, romantic motivations, social belongingness motivations and greater social comparison tendencies are associated with online aggression victimization (R2 = 0.38). Information motivations and entertainment motivations are negatively associated with online aggression perpetration, but romantic motivations, social comparison, and social media use were positive predictors (R2 = 0.34). Further examination of interactions and indirect effects suggests that romantic motivations for social media use are an important predictor of involvement in online aggression among adolescents.
Simulation of magnetite nanoparticle mobility in a heterogeneous flow cell

Engineered nanomaterials have been proposed for a range of subsurface applications including groundwater remediation, treatment of contaminated soils, and characterization of flow. The ability to accurately predict nanoparticle (NP) mobility in the environment is critical for assessing NP performance and designing subsurface applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a numerical simulator that accounts for the influence of varying electrolyte and NP concentrations to predict experimental observations of polymer-coated magnetite nanoparticle (nMag) transport and retention in a heterogeneous, multi-dimensional flow cell (0.64 m length × 0.38 m height × 1.4 cm internal thickness, referred to as “2.5-dimensional” or “2.5D” due to the internal thickness width). A series of column experiments was performed to independently determine model input parameters, including the maximum NP retention capacity and attachment rate. Localized injection of nMag into the heterogeneous flow cell demonstrated preferential flow around a lower permeability lens and the downward migration of higher density nMag suspensions. Numerical simulations successfully captured the observed flow path of the nMag pulse injections, and provided close fits to spatially distributed aqueous and solid-phase nMag measurements obtained within the heterogeneous flow field. Experimental and modeling results demonstrated that relatively small contrasts in fluid density (e.g., 0.01 g mL−1) can result in flow instabilities and downward migration of nMag. This work provides the first direct comparison between model simulations and experimental observations of NP transport and retention in a 2.5D heterogeneous flow domain and demonstrates the importance of accounting for relevant physical and chemical properties in order to accurately describe NP fate and transport.
Quantitative evaluation of performance of three-dimensional printed lenses

We present an analysis of the shape, surface quality, and imaging capabilities of custom 3D printed lenses. 3D printing technology enables lens prototypes to be fabricated without restrictions on surface geometry. Thus, spherical, aspherical and rotationally non-symmetric lenses can be manufactured in an integrated production process. This technique serves as a noteworthy alternative to multistage, labor-intensive, abrasive processes such as grinding, polishing and diamond turning. Here, we evaluate the quality of lenses fabricated by Luxexcel using patented Printoptical© technology that is based on an inkjet printing technique by comparing them to lenses made with traditional glass processing technologies (grinding, polishing etc.). The surface geometry and roughness of the lenses were evaluated using white-light and Fizeau interferometers. We have compared peak-to-valley wavefront deviation, root-mean-squared wavefront error, radii of curvature and the arithmetic average of the roughness profile (Ra) of plastic and glass lenses. Additionally, the imaging performance of selected pairs of lenses was tested using 1951 USAF resolution target. The results indicate performance of 3D printed optics that could be manufactured with surface roughness comparable to that of injection molded lenses (Ra < 20 nm). The RMS wavefront error of 3D printed prototypes was at a minimum 18.8 times larger than equivalent glass prototypes for a lens with a 12.7 mm clear aperture, but when measured within 63% of its clear aperture, 3D printed components' RMS wavefront error was comparable to glass lenses.
Hot-Stage Electron Microscopy of Clay Minerals

Clay minerals have been studied1–12 by a variety of techniques after heat treatment in order to gain information about their thermal transformations. Various clay minerals have been fired to temperatures of interest and then examined by X-Ray diffraction techniques or by electron microscopy. More recently, clay minerals have been examined under continuous heating conditions using heating-oscillating X-Ray diffraction methods.13–17 However, the examination of clay minerals under continuous heating conditions in the electron microscope (hot-stage electron microscopy) has been very limited18, 19 and subject to difficulties in interpretation of results.20, 21 In the study presented here, two clay minerals and their structural prototypes have been investigated by hot-stage electron microscopy to gain new information about their thermal trans formations.
Intellectual Cosmopolitanism as Stewardship in Medical Humanities and Undergraduate Writing Pedagogy

In composition studies, textual cosmopolitanism refers to the ability to navigate writing conventions in multiple modalities. Building on this idea results in a model of intellectual cosmopolitanism that can accommodate complex subject matter, like medical humanities, as well as writing pedagogy. Intellectual cosmopolitanism encourages meaningful engagement with both subject matter and writing conventions and thus can enrich medical humanities, constituted in medical education or as humanistic inquiry and pedagogy. Stewardship, which presupposes respect for all scholarship and encourages accommodation and collaboration, underpins intellectual cosmopolitanism. Ultimately, intellectual cosmopolitans serve as stewards rather than owners, a model of teaching and scholarship consistent with Doug Hesse’s construction of writing studies.
Selenium regulation of selenoprotein enzyme activity and transcripts in a pilot study with Founder strains from the Collaborative Cross

Rodents and humans have 24-25 selenoproteins, and these proteins contain the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, incorporated co-translationally into the peptide backbone in a series of reactions dependent on at least 6 unique gene products. In selenium (Se) deficiency, there is differential regulation of selenoprotein expression, whereby levels of some selenoproteins and their transcripts decrease dramatically in Se deficiency, but other selenoprotein transcripts are spared this decrease; the underlying mechanism, however, is not fully understood. To begin explore the genetic basis for this variation in regulation by Se status in a pilot study, we fed Se-deficient or Se-adequate diets (0.005 or 0.2 μg Se/g, respectively) for eight weeks to the eight Founder strains of the Collaborative Cross. We found rather uniform expression of selenoenzyme activity for glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) 3 in plasma, Gpx1 in red blood cells, and Gpx1, Gpx4, and thioredoxin reductase in liver. In Founder mice, Se deficiency decreased each of these activities to a similar extent. Regulation of selenoprotein transcript expression by Se status was also globally retained intact, with dramatic down-regulation of Gpx1, Selenow, and Selenoh transcripts in all 8 strains of Founder mice. These results indicate that differential regulation of selenoprotein expression by Se status is an essential aspect of Se metabolism and selenoprotein function. A few lone differences in Se regulation were observed for individual selenoproteins in this pilot study, but these differences did not single-out one strain or one selenoprotein that consistently had unique Se regulation of selenoprotein expression. These differences should be affirmed in larger studies; use of the Diversity Outbred and Collaborative Cross strains may help to better define the functions of these selenoproteins.
SOX9 Transcriptionally Regulates mTOR-Induced Proliferation of Basal Cell Carcinomas

Currently available smoothened targeted therapies in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome are associated with substantial tumor recurrence and clinical resistance. Strategies bypassing smoothened and/or identifying additional downstream components of the Hedgehog pathway could provide novel antitumor targets with a better therapeutic index. Sry-related high mobility group box 9 (SOX9) is a Hedgehog/glioma-associated oncogene homolog-regulated transcription factor known to be overexpressed in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). A sequence motif search for SOX9-responsive elements identified three motifs in the promoter region of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In murine BCC cells, SOX9 occupies the mTOR promoter and induces its transcriptional activity. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of SOX9 , as well as smoothened inhibition by itraconazole and vismodegib, reduces mTOR expression and the phosphorylation of known downstream mTOR targets. These effects culminate in diminishing the proliferative capacity of BCC cells, demonstrating a direct mechanistic link between the Hedgehog and mTOR pathways capable of driving BCC growth. Furthermore, rapamycin, a pharmacologic mTOR inhibitor, suppressed the growth of UV-induced BCCs in Ptch1 +/– /SKH-1 mice, a model that closely mimics the accelerated BCC growth pattern of patients with basal cell nevus syndrome. Our data demonstrate that Hedgehog signaling converges on mTOR via SOX9, and highlight the SOX9-mTOR axis as a viable additional target downstream of smoothened that could enhance tumor elimination in patients with BCC.
Secret Sarcoma: A Cardiac Mass Disguised as Influenza

This case presentation discusses an extremely rare diagnosis presenting with common symptoms, attributed to influenza, which were not investigated further when clear cardiac symptoms developed. The patient initially presented with symptoms consistent with influenza, but when orthopnea and dyspnea on exertion developed, these cardiac symptoms continued to be attributed to a postviral syndrome and were not further evaluated. Premature closure bias contributed to a delay in diagnosing a rare cardiac condition. The diagnostic momentum, or the continuing of a diagnostic label, occurred across multiple providers and settings. This case demonstrates the risk of premature closure and diagnostic momentum and reminds clinicians to reframe the differential diagnosis as more information on history or physical exam becomes available.
Quantitative Approaches to Pathogenesis of Age-Related Metabolic Conditions

Accompanying the subtle but unrelenting increment in the fasting blood sugar with aging, at a rate of about 1 mg/dl per decade (Davidson, 1979), is a more profound impairment of glucose tolerance. The 2-hr blood sugar increases at least 5 mg/dl each decade of life. Thus, it is clear that with aging the tissues of the body are exposed to a steadily increasing glycemic environment. From the Whitehall study in 1980 (Fuller et al., 1980), we know that glucose intolerance is associated with increased mortality: death rate per 1000 individuals increased from 59 to 94, comparing normal with impaired intolerant individuals; in newly diagnosed diabetics (preidentified overt diabetics were eliminated from their 7.5-year observational study), mortality was 175 per 1000. The close association among hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and mortality justifies obtaining a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance with aging, with the hope of intervention to reduce risk.
Counting the Many: The Origins and Limits of Supermajority Rule

Supermajority rules govern many features of our lives in common: from the selection of textbooks for our children's schools to residential covenants, from the policy choices of state and federal legislatures to constitutional amendments. It is usually assumed that these rules are not only normatively unproblematic but necessary to achieve the goals of institutional stability, consensus, and minority protections. In this book, Melissa Schwartzberg challenges the logic underlying the use of supermajority rule as an alternative to majority decision making. She traces the hidden history of supermajority decision making, which originally emerged as an alternative to unanimous rule, and highlights the tensions in the contemporary use of supermajority rules as an alternative to majority rule. Although supermajority rules ostensibly aim to reduce the purported risks associated with majority decision making, they do so at the cost of introducing new liabilities associated with the biased judgments they generate and secure.
Topographic differences in the adolescent maturation of the slow wave EEG during NREM sleep.

Study objectives Our ongoing longitudinal study has shown that NREM delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) power measured at C3 and C4 decrease by more than 60% between ages 11 and 17 years. Here, we investigate the age trajectories of delta and theta power at frontal, central, and occipital electrodes. Design Baseline sleep EEG was recorded twice yearly for 6 years in 2 cohorts, spanning ages 9-18 years, with overlap at 12-15 years. Setting Sleep EEG was recorded in the subjects' homes with ambulatory recorders. Participants Sixty-seven subjects in 2 cohorts, one starting at age 9 (n = 30) and one at age 12 years (n = 37). Measurements and results Sleep EEG recorded from Fz, Cz, C3, C4, and O1 was referred to mastoids. Visual scoring and artifact elimination was followed by FFT power analysis. Delta and theta EEG power declined steeply across this age range. The maturational trajectories of delta power showed a "back to front" pattern, with O1 delta power declining earliest and Fz delta power declining latest. Theta EEG power did not show this topographic difference in the timing of its decline. Delta, and to a lesser extent, theta power became frontally dominant in early adolescence. Conclusions We maintain our interpretation that the adolescent decline in EEG power reflects a widespread brain reorganization driven by synaptic pruning. The late decline in frontally recorded delta power indicates that plasticity is maintained in these circuits until a later age. Although delta and theta have similar homeostatic properties, they have different age and topographic patterns that imply different functional correlates.
Solvation Dynamics in Restricted Environments: Solvent Immobilization in Reverse Micelles

Polar solvation dynamics in various reverse micellar environments are investigated. The solvent is immobilized in the smallest micelles and becomes more mobile with increasing water content and micellar size.
Abstract 3220: Preliminary evaluation of 212Pb BB2r targeted radiotherapy in prostate cancer

Introduction: Treating castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a challenge for clinicians. We have recently shown that gamma emitting 203Pb-RM2 (DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) efficiently targets the BB2r expressed on CRPC cells in vivo. We are now exploring the potential of using the alpha-emitting radioisotope 212Pb to generate the radiotherapeutic 212Pb-RM2. Using 212Pb-RM2, we have performed in vitro cell studies to examine treatment effects in terms of DNA damage, clonogenic potential, and cell viability and preliminary in vivo xenograft targeting proof of principle studies. Methods: 212Pb-RM2 was prepared using an automated radiosynthesizer using 212Pb eluted from a 212Ra/212Pb generator. DNA damage, colony formation, and cell viability were evaluated in PC-3 cells following treatment with 212Pb-RM2 at 0.51, 1, 2, and 4uCi/160uL. DNA damage was assessed using 53BP1 foci following a 4hr incubation with 212Pb-RM2 (T0) and at 24hrs and 48hrs. Colony formation assays were performed on cells treated with TRT for 4hrs, and analyzed at 12-14 days. The MTT assay was conducted up to 144hrs. All cell experiments were performed in triplicate on different occurrences. PC-3 xenografted SCID mice were administered 212Pb-RM2 and organs/tissues were harvested and counted at 15 min, 1hr, 4hr, and 24hrs post injection. Results: DNA damage was found to be sustained over time with 53BP1 foci/cell at 48hrs of 14.8+1.6, 33.8+2. 6, 29.6+1.1, and 40.6+1.6 (avg+SEM) at 0.51, 1, 2, and 4uCi of 212Pb-RM2/160uL, respectively. Colony formation followed a dose dependent response with surviving fraction decreasing as TRT increased with 17.7+3.2, 4.4+2.9, 0.5+0.5, and 0.0+0.0 (avg+SEM) at 0.51, 1, 2, and 4uCi of 212Pb-RM2/160uL, respectively. 212Pb-RM2 tumor uptake in PC-3 xenografts was found to be 5.2+0.7, 5.0+0.9, 3.9+0.7, and 2.6+0.3 %ID/g at 15min, 1hr, 4hr, and 24hrs respectively. In vivo BB2r blocking studies confirmed 212Pb-RM2 targeting of the BB2r with > 72% blocking of normal pancreas uptake measured at 4hr post injection. Conclusions: Treatment with alpha emitting 212Pb-RM2 TRT showed sustained levels of DNA damage which was confirmed by impaired colony formation at all dose levels of 212Pb-RM2 TRT studied. Preliminary in vivo tumor targeting and retention of 212Pb-RM2 was observed out to 24hrs post injection warranting further evaluation of 212Pb-RM2 in multiple CRPC cell line models assessing potential therapeutic efficacy. Acknowledgements: US Veterans Administration (VA) BX001699 and USVA Research Career Scientist (TJH) Citation Format: Tammy L. Rold, Nkemakonam C. Okoye, Hoffman Timothy. Preliminary evaluation of 212Pb BB2r targeted radiotherapy in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3220.
Accelerated Sample Preparation for Fast Salmonella Detection in Poultry Products.

Salmonella is the most burdensome foodborne pathogen in the USA and a major causal agent of foodborne outbreaks. Detection of a pathogen such as Salmonella can be achieved within a few hours using commercially available rapid methods, but the sample preparation is time consuming and may require multiple days. We have developed and successfully tested an accelerated sample preparation method based on microfiltration, in some cases preceded by a short enrichment step, for the rapid detection of selected pathogens. The time-frame of the overall process, from sample preparation (i.e., food rinse or homogenate preparation, microbial enrichment, and filtration steps) to detection is 8 h or less. While microfiltration has been practiced for 70 years, the complex interactions between food substances and filter membrane surfaces have shown that food pretreatment methods need to be developed on a case by case basis for the recovery of bacteria from food homogenates and/or rinses. We have also demonstrated that addition of protease to treat homogenates of different poultry products prior to microfiltration avoids the rapid decrease in flux that otherwise occurs during microfiltration. This protease treatment minimizes filter clogging, so that the microbial concentration, recovery and detection of 1 to 10 CFU/g of Salmonella in poultry products is possible in less than 8 h.
What is the evidence for a Triad-like syndrome in exercising men?

Recently, an expert panel under the leadership of the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition (Coalition) convened and determined that there was sufficient evidence to date to warrant an official consensus statement and naming of a Triad-like condition in exercising men which will be published in 2019. Our understanding of a Triad-like condition in men will be developed using an evidence-based medicine approach to ensure the accuracy of the component conditions and their physiological relationships, and with the understanding that it is clinically diagnosable and treatable. This review will present the current evidence on low energy availability, reproductive function, and bone health in exercising men to provide an overview of an initial working model of a similar Triad-like syndrome in male athletes. In male athletes, it appears that both the hypothalamic gonadal axis and the skeletal system are impacted by low energy availability and energy deficiency. The impact of energy deficiency on bone in male athletes appears to occur frequently with a relatively high incidence of bone stress injuries presenting in the presence of low bone mineral density, and the impact to the hypothalamic gonadal axis seems to be translated to both spermatogenesis and androgenic hormonogenesis with both oligospermia and low testosterone concentrations observed. Lastly, men appear to be robust and more resilient to the effects of low energy availability compared to women, requiring more severe energetic perturbations before alterations are observed and are more quickly reversible in men than in women.
Parallel Coupled Double Ring Resonator configuration of for Breast Cancer Cell Detection

A parallel coupled two-ring resonator in cascaded configuration integrated with coupling linear waveguide is proposed as a label-free biosensor for breast cancer cell detection. The parameters of ring resonator are characterized to demonstrate high-quality factors.
Progress of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn(PPHN) is a serious disease that endangers the life of a newborn.Currently, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an important component of life support for PPHN patients who is ineffective of the conventional treatment.In recent years, the domestic related reports have gradually increased.This paper summarizes the related research results at home and abroad in recent years, and expounds its application progress. Key words: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; Respiratory failure
Al:ZnO as a platform for near-zero-index photonics: enhancing the doping efficiency of atomic layer deposition

Major technological breakthroughs are often driven by advancements in materials research, and optics is no different. Over the last few years, near-zero-index (NZI) materials have triggered significant interest owing to their exceptional tunability of optical properties and enhanced light-matter interaction, leading to several demonstrations of compact, energy-efficient, and dynamic nanophotonic devices. Many of these devices have relied on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) as a dynamic layer, as these materials exhibit a near-zero-index at telecommunication wavelengths. Among a wide range of techniques employed for the deposition of TCOs, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers advantages such as conformality, scalability, and low substrate temperature. However, the ALD process often results in films with poor optical quality, due to low doping efficiencies at high (>1020cm−3) doping levels. In this work, we demonstrate a modified ALD process to deposit TCOs, taking Al:ZnO as an example, which results in an increase in doping efficiency from 13% to 54%. Moving away from surface saturation for the dopant (aluminum) precursor, the modified ALD process results in a more uniform distribution of dopants (Al) throughout the film, yielding highly conductive (2.8×10−4 Ω-cm) AZO films with crossover wavelengths as low as 1320nm and 1370nm on sapphire and silicon substrates, respectively.
The Ethical Vision of George Eliot: by Thomas Albrecht, New York & London, Routledge, 2020, 210 pp., £120, ISBN 978-0-3673-6074-0

A new publication in Routledge’s Among the Victorians and Modernists book series, Thomas Albrecht’s monograph is a very welcome addition to the longstanding but also currently lively critical conve...
Physical Education Policy Research in the United States: Setting a New Orientation.

In this critical reflection, we consider physical education policy research in the United States (U.S.) using a sociocritical lens. Our aim is to extend the discussion and critiques of physical edu...
GsMTx-4 normalizes the exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent muscle contraction in early-stage type 1 diabetic rats.

Emerging evidence suggests the exercise pressor reflex is exaggerated in early-stage type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Piezo channels may play a role in this exaggeration since blocking these channels attenuates the exaggerated pressor response to tendon stretch in T1DM rats. However, tendon stretch constitutes a different mechanical and physiological stimuli than that occurring during muscle contraction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of Piezo channels in evoking the pressor reflex during an intermittent muscle contraction in T1DM. In unanaesthetized, decerebrate rats we compared the pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to intermittent muscle contraction before and after locally injecting GsMTx-4 (0.25 µM) into the hindlimb vasculature. Although GsMTx-4 has a high potency for Piezo channels, it has also been suggested to block TRPC channels. We, therefore, performed additional experiments to control for this possibility by also injecting SKF 96365 (10 µM), a TRPC channel blocker. We found that local injection of GsMTx-4, but not SKF 96365, attenuated the exaggerated peak pressor (ΔMAP before: 33±3 mmHg, after: 22±3 mmHg, p=0.007) and pressor index (ΔBPi before: 668±91 mmHg·s, after: 418±81 mmHg·s, p=0.021) response in STZ rats (n=8). GsMTx-4 attenuated the exaggerated early-onset pressor as well as the pressor response over time, which eliminated peak differences as well as those over time between T1DM and healthy controls. These data suggest that Piezo channels are an effective target to normalize the exercise pressor reflex in T1DM.
Improving Documentation of Post-Discharge Issue Mitigation

Background: Poor understanding of discharge instructions can lead to post-discharge issues (PDIs) such as missed follow-up appointments, medication errors, and failure to activate contingency plans. Literature shows that PDIs occur in 20-25% of discharged patients. Post-discharge phone calls (PDPCs) are a recommended best-practice to identify and mitigate PDIs. Thorough documentation of the PDPC is necessary to update all providers to PDIs and mitigation strategies. A current state assessment at our institution showed variability in documentation of PDPC content and PDI mitigation. Thus, we sought to create a caller training program and standard documentation template to optimize PDPCs and maximize the benefit to patient …
Impact of Diabetes on Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions.

AIM To measure cost and length of stay in patients with and without a diagnosis of diabetes admitted with cardiovascular, pulmonary, or cerebrovascular disease. METHODS Retrospective study used International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify patients with diabetes, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or cerebrovascular disease. The All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, which classify patients according to admission diagnosis, severity of illness, and risk of mortality, was used to determine actual (discharge) diagnoses. Total admission cost and length of stay were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Study reviewed 48,572 subjects who met inclusion criteria. When compared with patients without diabetes of similar age, sex, race, risk of mortality, and severity of illness and controlling for length of stay, individuals with diabetes had similar total admission costs. Lengths of stay were similar for individuals with and without diabetes admitted with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease or respiratory infection. However, patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes incurred longer lengths of stay. CONCLUSION Individuals with diabetes and congestive heart failure have longer lengths of stay than those without diabetes. To decrease the economic burden of diabetes and chronic conditions, primary care providers and hospitals need to implement guidelines regarding the management of care for individuals with two or more chronic conditions.
Information Processing at the Genomics Level

A central objective in biology is to identify and characterize the mechanistic underpinnings (e.g., gene, protein interactions) of a biological phenomenon (e.g., a phenotype). Today, it is technologically feasible and commonplace to measure a great number of biomolecular features in a biological system at once, and to systematically investigate relationships between the former and the latter phenotype or phenomenological feature of interest across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The canonical starting point for such an investigation is typically a real number valued data matrix of N genomic features × M sample features, where N and M are integers, and N is often orders of magnitude greater than M. In this chapter we describe and rationalize the broad concepts and general principles underlying the analytic steps that start from this data matrix and lead to the identification of coherent mathematical patterns in the data that represent potential and testable mechanistic associations. A key challenge in this analysis is how one deals with false positives that largely arise from the high dimensionality of the data. False positives are mathematical patterns that are not coherent (from a technical or statistical standpoint) or coherent patterns that do not correspond to a true mechanistic association (from a biological standpoint).
Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning

The authors' intent is to write “a text book that provides an up-to-date introduction to the fundamental methods related to planning and human service delivery” (p. v). It is written for upper-leve...
Economic Crises and Institutions for Regional Economic Cooperation

This paper examines the extent to which economic crises facilitate the development of more effective regional institutions and whether such institutions can shield regions from crises. It compares six regional economic crises over the last four decades and the institution building—or decay—that followed. The analysis concludes that five conditions are especially important in generating a constructive regional response: (i) a significant degree of regional economic interdependence; (ii) an independent secretariat or intergovernmental body charged with cooperation; (iii) webs of interlocking economic agreements; and, as elements of the multilateral context, (iv) conflict with the relevant international organization (such as the International Monetary Fund [IMF]); and (v) the support of the United States. The paper then reviews three episodes of crises in Europe, concluding that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has deflected balance of payments and currency crises but not crises of other types, such as sovereign debt crises. Asian regionalism would be well served by heads of government taking the lead and delegating tasks to intergovernmental networks and secretariats, central banks and finance ministries retaining substantial collective autonomy in their fields of responsibility, and the use of concentric circles to accommodate countries with different levels of commitment to regionalism.
Differences in sexual risk management: contraceptive practices of adolescents.

Sexual risk management among U.S. adolescents is a major health concern: More than 800000 pregnancies and 9 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur annually in this population. Healthy People 2010 recommends that sexually active adolescents use condoms consistently and correctly to prevent STIs and pregnancy. Understanding sex differences in contraceptive use is essential to nurse practitioners ability to help achieve this goal. (excerpt)
An Introduction to Japanese Society: Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender and Work in Japanese Companies: The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure

An Introduction to Japanese Society. Yoshio Sugimoto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 285 pp. Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender and Work in Japanese Companies. Yuko Ogasawara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 221 pp. The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure. Sepp Linhart and Sabine Fruhstuck. eds. Albany. State University of New York Press, 1998. 398 pp.
Application of flow sensitive gradients for improved measures of metabolism using hyperpolarized (13) c MRI.

Purpose To develop the use of bipolar gradients to suppress partial-volume and flow-related artifacts from macrovascular, hyperpolarized spins. Theory and Methods Digital simulations were performed over a range of spatial resolutions and gradient strengths to determine the optimal bipolar gradient strength and duration to suppress flowing spins while minimizing signal loss from static tissue. In vivo experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of this technique to suppress vascular signal in the study of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate renal metabolism. Results Digital simulations showed that in the absence of bipolar gradients, partial-volume artifacts from the vasculature were still present, causing underestimation of the apparent reaction rate of pyruvate to lactate (kP). The addition of a bipolar gradient with b = 32 s/mm2 sufficiently suppressed the vascular signal without a substantial decrease in signal from static tissue. In vivo results corroborate digital simulations, with similar peak lactate signal to noise ratio (SNR) but substantially different kP in the presence of bipolar gradients. Conclusion The proposed approach suppresses signal from flowing spins while minimizing signal loss from static tissue, removing contaminating signal from the vasculature and increasing kinetic modeling accuracy without substantially sacrificing SNR or temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.