cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Cherenkov luminescence imaging with Hadamard-patterned field illumination (Conference Presentation)

Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) has been proposed for radiation-dose determination in medical physics due to its high spatial-resolution over centimeters of tissue. However, dense line-scanning illumination in typical CELSI is time-cost owing to the mechanical movement of the leaves in multi leaf collimator (MLC), resulting into increased radiation exposure. As a result, a scanningless Cherenkov luminescence imaging modality is herein proposed through structuring epi-illumination with MLC-based Hadamard-patterns, which utilizes a reduced radiation does by limiting illumination patterns, extremely shortening the sampling process. In order to effectively reconstruct unknowns from the resultant underdetermined linear system with sparse samplings, a compressed sensing-based reconstruction methodology with l1-norm regularization is adopted. Numerical and phantom experiments show that the proposed methodology achieves the same image quality as the traditional CELSI does.
First-Principles Calculation of Laser Crystal Multiplet Levels via Hybridized Density Functional Theory and Configuration Interaction within the OLCAO Method

Computation of highly-localized multiplet energy levels of transition metal dopants is essential to the design of materials such as laser host crystals. A purely first-principles density functional theory-configuration interaction (DFT-CI) hybrid computational method has been developed to accurately compute multiplet energy levels for single atoms of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, and chromium. The multiplet energy levels have been computed with close experimental agreement in terms of magnitude and degeneracy, and the method does not depend on empirical information (i.e. Racah parameters). The computed multiplet energy level results are distributed according to term symbols, which are then compared to experimentally-observed multiplet energy levels. The hybrid method consists of analytic computation of two-electron integrals via the DFT-based orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals (OLCAO) method, which are subsequently used as input for the CI-based discrete variational multi-electron (DVME) method to obtain the multiplet energy values. Keywords: exchange-correlation; elecron repulsion integral; multiplet; DVME; OLCAO; density functional theory; configuration interaction
An advanced course in application programming and design

Copy right Idea Grou p Inc . Copy right Idea Grou p Inc . The continuing evolution in state-of-the-art business applications such as those that support e-commerce, advancements in programming language design such as Java, and the requirements for persistent data access mechanisms have all significantly impacted the required knowledge-base of computer information science graduates. As such these individuals should have a strong background in the design and implementation of client/server applications in both traditional and Web-based environments. Application design should emphasize object-oriented techniques that can take full advantage of the most recent enhancements to programming languages. Also, alternative file structures and data access methods should be explored. This chapter gives an overview of a new course offering which will address these issues.
Imbalanced multi-label classification using multi-task learning with extractive summarization

Extractive summarization and imbalanced multi-label classification often require vast amounts of training data to avoid overfitting. In situations where training data is expensive to generate, leveraging information between tasks is an attractive approach to increasing the amount of available information. This paper employs multi-task training of an extractive summarizer and an RNN-based classifier to improve summarization and classification accuracy by 50% and 75%, respectively, relative to RNN baselines. We hypothesize that concatenating sentence encodings based on document and class context increases generalizability for highly variable corpuses.
Regulating Mass Prosecution

Efforts to address our nation’s criminal justice crisis have hit a standstill; legislative solutions have proven inadequate and increased funding for public defenders is politically impractical. Virtually everyone agrees that there is a problem: we incarcerate more people than any other developed nation and that imposes a significant cost on society. The conventional solutions to this crisis focus on the legislative or public defense side of the equation – urging decriminalization of certain behaviors by state legislatures and increased funding for indigent defenders. These proposed solutions are important but, alone, insufficient, for reasons that are all too predictable: a lack of political will to do right by indigent defendants. In this paper, I advance a solution that is at the same time novel and achievable. My proposed solution is novel because it focuses on an institutional actor that has, to this point, received comparatively little attention in the debates over mass incarceration – the prosecutor. It is achievable because it does not require new legislation that would, in turn, depend upon political support that is unlikely to materialize. Instead, the solution is already a part of our legal backdrop: prosecutors should be required to comply with the same ethical rules that govern all other lawyers. And those rules, I argue, are violated when prosecutors exercise their charging discretion in ways that contribute to massive public defender caseloads. Prosecutorial discretion allows the prosecutor, with few limitations, to choose which of many potential criminal charges she will pursue. This means that prosecutorial discretion gives prosecutors a degree of control over the size and scope of the criminal court docket that other criminal court actors do not possess. If we seek a solution to our nation’s problem of mass incarceration, then we must recognize that public defenders with massive caseloads compromise that goal. This Article conveys that public defender overload, and the mass incarceration to which it contributes, is not simply a constitutional crisis limited to individual rights for individual defendants. Instead, it defines the problem as an ethical one, with central concerns about how the legal profession is situated in the criminal justice domain.
TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa:

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex disease with a dramatic impact on the quality of life of patients that it afflicts. Despite this, there are few treatment options offering long-term relie...
Review of Curricular Features of Socio-sexuality Curricula for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

The need for socio-sexuality education for individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) is widely acknowledged. However, there are relatively few socio-sexuality education curricula developed for individuals with DD. Additionally, there are fewer still evaluations of these curriculum. While the content contained in the curriculum is critically important, other features add to the practicality and feasibility of curriculum use by educators, parents, and other service personnel. This review evaluated the quality of curricular features found in comprehensive, commercially available socio-sexuality curriculum for individuals with DD. Results indicated that most curricula were user-friendly, medically accurate, age-appropriate, included reference aids, and had representation of culturally diverse populations; however, features related to staff training, parent involvement, theoretical integration of methods, and assessment were less frequently present. The importance of considering aspects of curricular features when adopting a socio-sexuality curriculum and future directions are discussed.
Impact of Temperature Storage Conditions of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs on Parasitism by Anastatus reduvii (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae).

Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stal, is an invasive species of Asian origin that is an important agricultural pest in the eastern United States. Sentinel egg masses are tools used to assess the impact of natural enemies on H. halys populations. To determine the effect of host egg age and storage conditions on their susceptibility to parasitism, H. halys eggs were stored at different temperatures for different lengths of time and then exposed to Anastatus reduvii (Howard), a native natural enemy of H. halys occurring in eastern North America. For eggs stored at 15, 20, and 25°C and then exposed to A. reduvii, the number of host eggs from which parasitoid offspring emerged declined with age of eggs. Control eggs (exposed to parasitoids without being stored) and those eggs stored for only 5.5 degree-days (DD) (=0.5 days) at 25°C yielded the highest percentage of parasitoids at 88.2 and 88.3%, respectively. For eggs stored at 20 and 25°C for 7.3 DD to about 36 DD, offspring emerged from about 58 to 73% of eggs, and total parasitism (emerged + unemerged parasitoids) ranged from about 70 to 80%. Parasitoid emergence was significantly lower for host eggs stored at 15°C for comparable times at 20 and 25°C. Stink bugs nymphs hatched from <0.6% of all eggs. Parasitoid-induced host egg abortion was an important component of egg mortality caused by A. reduvii, with underdeveloped stink bug nymphs, undifferentiated cell contents, and parasitoid host feeding occurring across all storage treatments.
How Adult Women Who Trade Sex Navigate Social Services: A Grounded Theory Study:

Access to and engagement with social services among women who trade sex is essential to address issues including substance use, posttraumatic stress disorder, and housing instability. This grounded...
Affective Encounters with Tidal Livelihoods: Digital Field Rhetorics for Justice and Care

In this paper, we describe our engaged rhetorical fieldwork with clammers, whose daily work takes place in intertidal ecosystems. Growing out of a longer-term ethnographic project, clammers invited...
Abstract P271: Dna Methylation Measures of Aging in Midlife are Associated With Frailty Components in African American and European American Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Several putative biomarkers of accelerated biological aging have been developed from patterns of DNA methylation in blood and other tissues (DNAm-Age scores). Some of these DNAm-Age s...
Influence of low-disturbance fall liquid dairy manure application on corn silage yield, soil nitrate, and rye cover crop growth.

Tillage incorporation of manure can mitigate nutrient loss but increases erosion potential and damages cover crops. More information on the effects of low-disturbance manure application (LDMA) on corn yield, cover crop establishment, and soil properties is needed to better predict manure management practice trade-offs. Here, corn silage (Zea mays L.) yield, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) establishment, and soil nitrate concentrations were compared for a range of manure application methods, including broadcast incorporation, broadcast/disk, fertilizer N (spring applied at 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha-1 ), and a no-manure control, at the University of Wisconsin's Marshfield Agricultural Research Station from 2012 to 2015. Compared with the control, manure and fertilizer N treatments increased corn yield by an average of 1.1- to 1.6-fold and 1.4- to 1.6-fold, respectively. Of the LDMA treatments (sweep-, strip till-, and coulter-injection; aerator/band; broadcast), corn yield was greatest for sweep injection, which did not differ from the high N fertilizer rate (P < .0001). Corn yield averaged across LDMA treatments did not differ from the 134 or 202 kg N ha-1 yields. Compared with disking, LDMA maintained more crop residue (P < .0001), with levels comparable to the control. Soil nitrate-N at depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm was influenced by LDMA and fertilizer N; however, leaching to 60-90 cm was comparable among treatments. Results indicate that LDMA with injection conserved more N, caused less damage to winter rye, and had similar yields to fertilizer N treatments with improved soil aggregate stability and higher total carbon content.
Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation: a single-institution experience.

Background Pineal parenchymal tumors are exceedingly rare brain tumors responsible for less than 1% of all adult primary intracranial malignancies in the United States. In this study, we describe the clinicopathologic features, management, and outcomes of patients with pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID). Methods We describe a single-center, multidisciplinary team experience in managing PPTID patients over a 15-year period (January 2000 to January 2015) at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). Pathology was reviewed by the pathology collaborators (A.G. and G.N.F.) and retrospective chart review was performed for treatment and clinical outcomes. Results We identified 17 patients (9 male) with diagnosis of PPTID. Median age at diagnosis of PPTID was 37 years (range, 15-57 years). Follow-up ranged from 0.1 to 162.8 months with 6 reported deaths. Most patients presented with headaches and diplopia. Three patients had neuroaxial dissemination at initial diagnosis, and recurrence of tumor was common (7/16) despite treatment. Conclusions No clear prognostic factors were identified in this series. Extension of resection showed a trend toward improved survival. PPTID with neuroaxial dissemination benefits from aggressive initial treatment including craniospinal irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas localized disease may be treated traditionally with maximum debulking followed by adjuvant radiotherapy alone. Long-term monitoring is recommended for neurotoxicity and/or late recurrence.
Informed consent for HIV phylogenetic research: A case study of urban individuals living with HIV approached for enrollment in an HIV study.

espanolIntroduccion: Los analisis filogeneticos pueden proporcionar informacion sobre la dinamica de transmision del VIH. Las diferencias a nivel nacional y estatal en las leyes de criminalizacion y divulgacion del VIH y los avances en la secuenciacion de la proxima generacion podrian afectar los riesgos percibidos del estudio. Metodos: Presentamos las tasas de exclusion voluntaria del estudio y las razones proveidas durante la inscripcion para un estudio realizado en Boston (6/2017-8/2018). Resultados: De los 90 pacientes que se acercaron para participar, 45 no dieron su consentimiento para participar. Las razones para no participar incluyeron la falta de voluntad para discutir su estado en relacion con el VIH, preocupaciones de privacidad y confidencialidad, desinteres y falta de tiempo. Conclusiones: Dadas las bajas tasas de participacion y las preocupaciones relacionadas con la revelacion del estado serologico con respecto al VIH, la privacidad y la confidencialidad, estas preguntas permanecen (1) ?se debe requerir el consentimiento informado para todos los analisis filogeneticos, incluyendo la informacion anonima y datos vigilancia? (2) ?que pasos adicionales pueden tomar los investigadores para proteger la privacidad de las personas, particularmente en contextos donde el VIH es criminalizado o ha habido casos civiles / criminales que investigan la transmision del VIH? Y (3) ?que papel pueden desempenar los miembros de la comunidad para minimizar los riesgos potenciales, particularmente para los mas marginados? Estas preguntas requieren aportes tanto de investigadores como de miembros de la comunidad que viven con el VIH/SIDA. EnglishIntroduction: Phylogenetic analyses can provide insights on HIV ransmision dynamics. Country and state-level differences in HIV criminalization and disclosure laws and advances in next generation sequencing could impact perceived study risks. Methods: We present study opt-out rates and the reasons provided during enrollment for a study conducted in Boston (6/2017-8/2018). Results: Of 90 patients approached to participate, 45 did not consent to participate. Reasons for not participating included unwillingness to discuss their HIV status, privacy and confidentiality concerns, disinterest, and lack of time. Conlusions: Given low participation rates and concerns related to HIV disclosure, privacy, and confidentiality, these questions remain (1) should informed consent be required for all phylogenetic analyses, including de-identified and surveillance data? (2) what additional steps can researchers take to protect the privacy of individuals, particularly in contexts where HIV is criminalized or there have been civil/criminal cases investigating HIV ransmision? And (3) what role can community members play to minimize the potential risks, particularly for those most marginalized? These questions require input from both researchers and community members living with HIV/AIDS.
Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy and Boost in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

To review postlumpectomy whole breast irradiation (WBI) in early-stage breast cancer with regard to the use of hypofractionation and a tumor bed boost. Hypofractionation is currently standard practice for most cases of postlumpectomy WBI. A boost is recommended for women at increased risk for local recurrence due to clinical or pathologic risk factors. A sequential boost is currently standard practice for WBI with either conventional or hypofractionated radiation. Phase I–II trials of hypofractionation and concurrent boost have shown comparably low risks for local recurrence and acute and late toxicity without adding additional treatment days to WBI. Postlumpectomy WBI with hypofractionation and concurrent boost is a promising method of gaining the local control benefit of a tumor bed boost but maintaining the shorter treatment length, lower cost, and convenience of hypofractionation. Phase III trials are pending that may make this approach more widely accepted practice.
Twitter for the Gynecologist

Study Objective The objectives of this video are to: 1) review the importance of Twitter for gynecologists, 2) demonstrate how to create a Twitter account, and 3) describe how to effectively utilize the Twitter platform professionally. Design This is an educational video. Institutional review board approval was not required for this video article as the video describes the impact and use of Twitter and does not describe a clinical case. Animations were created by the authors. Setting Twitter as a social media platform. Patients or Participants Gynecologists. Interventions Through the use of animation and examples, the video describes how to use Twitter to: 1) be a voice for the medical community, 2) educate and inform patients and other medical professionals, 3) network and collaborate with colleagues and experts in the field, 4) stay up to date on clinical information remotely, and 5) market and brand oneself as a gynecologist. Measurements and Main Results The video can serve as a resource for gynecologists to learn how to create a twitter account and understand how to leverage Twitter for professional use. Conclusion The use of social media is growing, and social media platforms such as Twitter are being utilized ubiquitously in the medical field by patients, healthcare professionals, organizations, and journals to share information and increase visibility. It is imperative as a gynecologist to learn how to utilize Twitter professionally in order to be a voice for the medical community and disseminate evidence-based information.
Future of paediatric gastroenterology

This article explores what an 'ideal' paediatric gastroenterology department in the future should look like and what it could potentially provide if given carte blanche by health funds.
Inherited Susceptibility to Hematopoietic Malignancies in the Era of Precision Oncology

As germline predisposition to hematopoietic malignancies has gained increased recognition and attention in the field of oncology, it is important for clinicians to use a systematic framework for th...
Science diplomacy as a foreign policy tool for Turkey and the ramifications of collaboration with the EU

As an emerging market economy and a candidate country for EU membership, Turkey has engaged in large-scale international science and research programs and organizations in Europe since the 1950s, and more intensely after its candidacy status commenced at the end of 1999. These engagements, which can be framed as Science Diplomacy (SD) efforts, were motivated by the Turkish government’s perception that Turkey needs to become more integrated with the European countries, and must stay abreast of the science and technology developments or risk falling behind other EU candidate countries. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore how the emerging concept of SD helps explain transformations and changes in Turkish Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policies since 2000, with a special focus on engagements with the EU’s science and research programs and European organizations, and subsequently filling a gap in related literature. Europeanization and qualitative content analysis are used as theoretical framework and methodology, respectively, to analyze these engagements. The key findings and conclusions point out that Turkey’s efforts to harmonize its science and technology policies with the EU’s has paved the way for new funding mechanisms and its participation in Horizon 2020 as an associated country. In addition, using Science and Technology (S&T) cooperation as a soft power has strengthened the public diplomacy of Turkey with the European countries. As a result, increased involvement in STI partnerships with the European countries could help Turkey open new venues for developing its SD. However, despite the mutual economic and political benefit gained through scientific interactions, Turkey is still not using science as a diplomacy tool as effectively as it might to augment its foreign policy. It should be noted that research is one of the very few areas where the relations Turkey and the EU are still cooperating, regardless of growing tensions between the two parties. Thus, Framework Programs and other scientific projects that Turkey has participated in can provide founding experiences of Turkish SD with the EU, and may help Turkey open new venues for developing its SD. Nevertheless, a more resolute political will is needed.
Imaging pyrometry for most color cameras using a triple pass filter

A simple combination of the Planck blackbody emission law, optical filters, and digital image processing is demonstrated to enable most commercial color cameras (still and video) to be used as an imaging pyrometer for flames and explosions. The hardware and data processing described take advantage of the color filter array (CFA) that is deposited on the surface of the light sensor array present in most digital color cameras. In this work, a triple-pass optical filter incorporated into the camera lens allows light in three 10-nm wide bandpass regions to reach the CFA/light sensor array. These bandpass regions are centered over the maxima in the blue, green, and red transmission regions of the CFA, minimizing the spectral overlap of these regions normally present. A computer algorithm is used to retrieve the blue, green, and red image matrices from camera memory and correct for remaining spectral overlap. A second algorithm calibrates the corrected intensities to a gray body emitter of known temperature, producing a color intensity correction factor for the camera/filter system. The Wien approximation to the Planck blackbody emission law is used to construct temperature images from the three color (blue, green, red) matrices. A short pass filter set eliminates light of wavelengths longer than 750 nm, providing reasonable accuracy (±10%) for temperatures between 1200 and 6000 K. The effectiveness of this system is demonstrated by measuring the temperature of several systems for which the temperature is known.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Concussion Presenting to a Specialty Clinic.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients presenting with concussion at a specialty clinic. This study used a retrospective cohort design to compare participants (n = 3021) with a suspected concussion, including a Pandemic cohort (n = 1139; March 2020-February 2021) and a Pre-Pandemic cohort (n = 1882; March 2019-February 2020). Concussions and patient characteristics including age, sex, days since injury, and injury mechanism were extracted from an electronic health record. There were 39.5% (n = 743) fewer concussions in Pandemic. Pandemic presented to the clinic 25.8 days later (p < 0.001) and were 1.9 years older (p < 0.001) than Pre-Pandemic. Sport-related concussions decreased 59.6% overall for Pandemic. Pandemic was associated with proportional increases of concussions involving recreational activities (odds ratio [OR] = 6.11; p < 0.001), motor vehicle collisions (OR = 1.39; p < 0.001), and falls/assaults (OR = 1.33; p < 0.001). A total of 9.4% (107/1139) of all Pandemic concussion initial clinical visits were performed using telehealth (0% in Pre-Pandemic). Concussion visit volume to a sub-specialty clinic decreased by approximately 40% during the COVID-19 pandemic and patients presented to the clinic nearly 1 month later. The increase in telehealth highlights the potential to expand clinical care outreach during the current and future pandemics or similar restrictive time periods.
Trends in the Airglow Temperatures in the MLT Region—Part 3: Ground-Based and SABER Measurements

Ground-based temperature measurements at Svalbard, Wuppertal, and Hohenpeissenberg were analyzed to obtain F10.7, Ap index, and Dst index trends. The trends were then compared to those obtained from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements at the same locations. Trend analysis was carried out for overlapped time periods, full range of available data, and the CO2-detrended full range of available data. The Svalbard meteor radar (SABER) temperature showed a weak (moderate) correlation with F10.7 and a moderate (weak) correlation with Ap and Dst indices. The trends in the Wuppertal OH* temperature compare well with the SABER temperature when a full range of data is used in the analysis. Both temperatures had a similar F10.7 trend with the same level of correlation coefficient. The F10.7 trend in the Hohenpeissenberg OH* temperature compared well with that obtained by SABER, but the former displayed a weak correlation. The Hohenpeissenberg data displayed a very weak correlation with Ap and Dst indices. Our study clearly shows that a longer dataset would better capture trends in temperature, as was evidenced by the results of Wuppertal data. The CO2-detrended temperatures overall showed slightly larger trend values with a slightly better correlation.
Persistent homology of convection cycles in network flows.

Convection is a well-studied topic in fluid dynamics, yet it is less understood in the context of networks flows. Here, we incorporate techniques from topological data analysis (namely, persistent homology) to automate the detection and characterization of convective/cyclic/chiral flows over networks, particularly those that arise for irreversible Markov chains (MCs). As two applications, we study convection cycles arising under the PageRank algorithm, and we investigate chiral edges flows for a stochastic model of a bi-monomer's configuration dynamics. Our experiments highlight how system parameters -- e.g., the teleportation rate for PageRank and the transition rates of external and internal state changes for a monomer -- can act as homology regularizers of convection, which we summarize with persistence barcodes and homological bifurcation diagrams. Our approach establishes a new connection between the study of convection cycles and homology, the branch of mathematics that formally studies cycles, which has diverse potential applications throughout the sciences and engineering.
Host Art Teachers and Their Feedback During Student Teaching Practicum

Host teachers’ feedback to student teachers is an important component in the professional development of teachers. Yet, other than anecdotal accounts, little is known about host teachers’ feedback experiences. This qualitative study examined the nature of practice, attitudes and experiences of five Syracuse University art education host teachers with regard to providing feedback to student teachers. Findings show that participants viewed the purpose of feedback as providing support for student teachers’ success. Although host teachers shared common perspectives about the function of feedback, the complex nature of their practice was unique and dynamic. Also noted was the lack of support for time for feedback conferences and Silverstein: Host Art Teachers and Their Feedback During Student Teaching Prac http://ir.uiowa.edu/mzwp/vol2006/iss1/11
To Tour or Not to Tour: A Case Study in Music Education Ensemble Travel

In this multiple case study, purposeful sampling was used to identify three participants in music education who regularly engage in travel with their secondary ensembles. The research was guided by the following questions: What is the worth and value of travel opportunities from the perspectives of the music teacher with regards to the program, the school community, and to the music education profession? What ways do the teachers feel that school ensemble travel can be improved? Data was collected by holding an individual interview with each participant, a focus group interview, and through writing prompts that each participant completed. Each traveling institution is considered a case through which to explore similarities and differences in the complexities that exist in school travel. Though peer reviewed literature is limited in this field, it is hoped that this study will expand the literature for music educators. Thus, this study is framed around research on study abroad travel and educational travel in general. Within music, a look at many of the shorter, non-academic articles from magazines for band, choral and orchestra directors draws connections between them and the data from study participants. Questioning the relevance of the tradition of ensemble travel is important given that travel occurs regularly but seems researched infrequently. Data analysis using NVivo included 29 nodes, 4 themes and word frequency statistics. A close look at the data reveals that the benefits do indeed outweigh the disadvantages of ensemble music travel because of enhanced awareness during rehearsals and many non-musical factors that prove to be a holistic factor in our music students’ education.
Effects of exercise on vasomotor function in angiotensin II-induced hypertension (677.2)

In angiotensin II-induced hypertension, activation of NADPH oxidase is a major contributor to reactive oxygen species generation and endothelial dysfunction. As exercise has been associated with th...
Appendix B: Data-Mining Applications

This appendix contains sections titled: Data Mining for Financial Data Analysis Data Mining for the Telecomunications Industry Data Mining for the Retail Industry Data Mining in Health Care and Biomedical Research Data Mining in Science and Engineering Pitfalls of Data Mining
Spin-glasses, optimization and neural networks

In the spirit of the Colloquium, the connections between Spin-glasses, Optimization problems and Neural Networks are outlined. Special emphasis is given on recent work on phase transition in spin-glasses. A complete cooling recipe for “spin-glass-like” optimization problems is given. The application of numerical spin-glass and optimization techniques to neural network problems is shown.
Dynamics of instantaneous frequency and amplitude of coherent wave mixing in quantum confined semiconductor structures

In the last fifteen years, quantum confined semiconductor structures (QCSS) have attracted much attention because of their novel properties and their potential for electronic and photonic applications. Electronic and optical properties of QCSS are dominated by the combined effects of quantum statistics and Coulomb interaction. Their response to electromagnetic excitations is determined by a polarization which possesses a time dependent amplitude and phase. Although the phase is a very sensitive probe of microscopic scattering and collision mechanisms, most of ultrafast spectroscopy of heterostructures has concentrated on measuring the amplitude only. Using a combination of time-resolved, frequency-resolved, and interferometric correlation techniques the author has recently investigated the phase and amplitude of coherent wave mixing (CWM) emission from quantum well structures excited by two ultrashort pulses. >
Prospects of upward mobility and preferences for redistribution: Evidence from the Life in Transition Survey

Abstract This paper investigates empirically the link between the prospects of upward mobility and preferences for redistribution using data for a large number of countries from the Life in Transition Survey. The survey is unique in that it provides a detailed account of expected future mobility, and makes it possible to differentiate respondents by their degree of risk aversion — both key pillars of the POUM model. The results from the pooled sample, and those for the EU member states confirm the theoretical predictions of Benabou and Ok (2001) — individuals' expectations of upward mobility reduce their preference for redistribution, but only when the degree of risk aversion is low. The POUM hypothesis is not borne out by the data in the non-EU countries.
Interaction of hsp90 with steroid receptors : organizing some diverse observations and presenting the newest concepts

Cette revue considere les donnees recentes concernant la biosynthese, le role physiologique et les interactions de la proteine: hsp90 avec les recepteurs des hormones steroides et des hormones thyroidiennes
Rapid identification of structural properties based on mass response method

This paper presents a new methodology that is built upon existing hardware such as shaker force generator and accelerometers that are both portable and convenient to use for a variety of civil and mechanical structures. Our key idea is to use a moving load that is placed successively at a number of locations on the structure, and measure the corresponding frequency responses. These frequency response measurements will then be used to extract the structural properties. Our new methodology so called mass response method enables the direct extraction of the equivalent stiffness and mass of the critical members of a structure without using a priori information of the structure. A number of case studies are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of its usage in structural health monitoring applications. Furthermore, the uncertainty introduces to this methodology is also investigated and discussed.
Final-state interactions and CP violation in weak decays.

The $\mathrm{CP}$-violating difference between the partial decay rates of a particle and antiparticle depends on final-state interactions. A general formalism is presented for calculating this difference based on $\mathrm{CPT}$ invariance and unitarity. Applications are given to $B$ decays and the formalism is compared to the standard method using penguin graphs.
Unraveling the Origins of Nearby Young Stars

A systematic search for close conjunctions and clusterings in the past of nearby stars younger than the Pleiades is undertaken, which may reveal the time, location, and mechanism of formation of these often isolated, disconnected from clusters and star-forming regions, objects. The sample under investigation includes 101 T Tauri, post-TT, and main-sequence stars and stellar systems with signs of youth, culled from the literature. Their Galactic orbits are traced back in time and near approaches are evaluated in time, distance, and relative velocity. Numerous clustering events are detected, providing clues to the origin of very young, isolated stars. Each star's orbit is also matched with those of nearby young open clusters, OB and TT associations and star-forming molecular clouds, including the Ophiuchus, Lupus, Corona Australis, and Chamaeleon regions. Ejection of young stars from open clusters is ruled out for nearly all investigated objects, but the nearest OB associations in Scorpius-Centaurus, and especially, the dense clouds in Ophiuchus and Corona Australis have likely played a major role in the generation of the local streams (TWA, Beta Pic, and Tucana-Horologium) that happen to be close to the Sun today. The core of the Tucana-Horologium association probably originated from the vicinity of the Upper Scorpius association 28 Myr ago. A few proposed members of the AB Dor moving group were in conjunction with the coeval Cepheus OB6 association 38 Myr ago.
Laser-excited luminescence and absorption study of mixed valence for K2Pt(CN)4—K2Pt(CN)6 crystals

Crystals of K2Pt(CN)6 doped with Pt(CN)2−4 show an absorption band at 337 nm which is assigned as a mixed-valence (MV) transition from Pt (II) to Pt(IV). From a Hush model analysis, the absorption band is interpreted to be class II in the Day—Robin scheme. When the MV band is laser excited at 337 nm, emmision is observed from Pt(CN)2−4 clusters.
Toxicity of wide‐range polarity fractions from wood smoke and diesel exhaust particulate obtained using hot pressurized water

Epidemiological and toxicological studies correlate the adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) with the available information regarding their chemical characterization, which has focused on nonpolar organics (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]), which are limited to 15 to 50% of total organic carbon. To study both polar and nonpolar species, we have employed hot pressurized (liquid) water for the fractionation of diesel exhaust and wood smoke PM. In agreement with the results of previous studies, nonpolar fractions from both PM samples showed strong cytotoxicity (cell viability decreased to 50-60%) corresponding to the presence of PAHs. Surprisingly, similar decreases in cell viability were also found in polar fractions (50 degrees C) from both diesel exhaust and wood smoke PM. The midpolarity fractions (100-150 degrees C) from wood smoke PM also displayed high cytotoxicity corresponding to methoxyphenols and oxy-PAHs. Although the midpolarity fractions from diesel exhaust PM showed no cytotoxicity, genotoxicity was found in the 150 degrees C fraction, possibly corresponding to nitroaromatics. The present study demonstrates the suitability of hot pressurized water (as a single, nontoxic solvent) for the fractionation and toxicological characterization of wide-range polarity constituents of PM and, possibly, other environmental matrices.
Biological and sociocultural effects on handedness: comparison between biological and adoptive families

Data from adoption studies on handedness indicate that the effects of shared biological heritage are more powerful determinants of hand preference than sociocultural factors. Biological offspring were found to show nonrandom distributions of right- and non-right-handedness as a function of parental handedness; these distributions were consistent with the results fo previous family studies. In contrast, the handedness distribution of adopted children as a function of parental handedness was essentially random.
Lattice diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and defect structure of Zno

The rates of 65Zn2+ self-diffusion and Ni2+ diffusion have been measured along the a axis and the c axis of single-crystal ZnO over temperature ranges of 758–1267°C and 900–1550°C, respectively. Samples were encapsulated in polycrystalline disks during annealing to inhibit loss of solute or host material through vaporization. Cation self-diffusion in ZnO is isotropic within experimental error and may be described by an activation energy of 1.80 ± 0.09 eV and a pre-exponential term, Do, of 7.26 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Results for Ni2+ diffusion provide an activation energy of 2.06 eV and a small dependence on crystallographic direction, Do being 9.89 × 10−5 and 3.16 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 along the a and c axes, respectively. Diffusion of Zn2+ and Ni2+ in polycrystalline ZnO is strongly enhanced along grain boundaries. At temperatures up to 1300°C the temperature dependence of δDB for Ni2+ provides the same activation energy as found for volume diffusion. The enhanced transport is attributed to higher defect concentrations near the boundary. At temperatures > 1300°C, δ seems to change with temperature due to incomplete equilibration of the sample, an interpretation supported by an observed increase of δDB with the time of equilibration with a reducing atmosphere. The increase of δDB with decrease in oxygen partial pressure supports the assignment of doubly-ionized interstitial zinc ions as the predominant point defect but leaves problematic the isotropy observed for both Do and the activation energy for migration.
Resonance in Beverton–Holt population models with periodic and random coefficients

An increase in the mean population density in a fluctuating environment is known as resonance. Resonance has been observed in laboratory experiments and has been studied in discrete-time population models. We investigate this phenomenon in the Beverton–Holt model with either periodic or random variables for two biologically relevant coefficients: the intrinsic growth rate and the carrying capacity. Three types of resonance are defined: arithmetic, geometric and harmonic. Conditions are derived for each type of resonance in the case of period-2 coefficients and some results for period p>2. For period 2, regions in parameter space where each type of resonance occurs are shown to be subsets of each other. For the case of random coefficients with constant intrinsic growth rate, it is shown that the three types of resonance do not occur. Numerical examples illustrate resonance and attenuance (decrease in the mean population density) in the Beverton–Holt model when the coefficients are discrete random variables.
Jitter in instrument servos

Jitter in electromechanical instrument servos is studied analytically and by analogue-computer simulation. The study identifies some unreported causes of jitter, identifies the jitter-causing nonlinearities that can be eliminated, establishes relations between the unavoidable nonlinearities that will eliminate jitter, and expresses the effects of granular or quantizing elements mathematically and proves the validity of these equations. The principles are used to modify a commercial servo.
Steroids for branch retinal vein occlusion.

t a o t s N THE ARTICLE BY HAYASHI AND HAYASHI, BRANCH retinal vein occlusion (BVO) is discussed.1 BVO is second only to diabetic retinopathy as the most comon retinal vascular cause of visual loss in older individals.1,2 It is usually unilateral; however, 5% to 10% of atients have bilateral disease.3 The natural history is poor ith two-thirds of patients having persistent visual loss ithout treatment.4 In the Branch Vein Occlusion Study BVOS), 65% of 43 patients treated with grid-pattern laser hotocoagulation gained at least 2 lines of vision vs 37% of he 35 eyes in the untreated control group. However after years, despite laser treatment, 40% of eyes had visual cuity worse than 20/40 and 12% of eyes were worse than 0/200. After 3 years, the mean number of lines of vision ained was 1.33 in the laser treated group and 0.23 in the ontrol group. While this improvement in vision was tatistically significant, it offers little hope to patients with oor baseline visual acuity. Thus, alternative therapies are eing explored, including steroids, surgery, and antivascuar endothelial growth factor agents. The article by Hayashi and Hayashi reports a randomized rial comparing a single 4-mg intravitreal injection vs three 0 mg retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide injections every 2 eeks for macular edema attributable to branch vein occluion.1 Sixty patients with a branch vein occlusion were ncluded in the study (mean 2.8 months) if they had clinical nd optical coherence tomography defined macular edema nd less than 180 degrees of ischemia on fluorescein angiogaphy. All patients received focal laser photocoagulation efore the steroid injection. At the end of the 3-month study, he median LogMAR visual acuity significantly improved rom 0.398 (approximate Snellen equivalent of 20/50) to .155 (20/30; P .0065) in the intravitreal injection group, ut did not change from baseline (.301 20/40) to final ollow up in the retrobulbar injection group. Similarly, the edian foveal thickness (348 to 190 microns) and total acular volume (3.29 mm to 2.61 mm) significantly dereased in the intravitreal injection group from baseline and as also significantly less than the retrobulbar injection roup. Thus, a single intravitreal triamcinolone injection ppeared to improve outcomes in patients with macular dema attributable to BVO in short-term follow-up.
Rearrangements in polysubstituted cyclohexadienyl carbonium ions

Abstract Allyl migration in the 2,6-di-t-butyl-1,4-dimethylcyclohexadienyl carbonium ion initially proceeds by an apparently normal [1,2] shift to give the expected aromatic product. In moderately concentrated acid, however, the initial rearrangement product undergoes further rearrangements in which migration of a methyl group rather than an allyl group is the major process. This is accounted for by assuming that protonation occurs most rapidly at the position between the two t-butyl groups, thus minimizing steric strain between the substituents on the aromatic ring. Studies on migration of a deuterium labelled allyl group indicate that the allyl group can undergo processes involving allylic inversion as well as [1,2] shifts.
Writer Identification using a Deep Neural Network

Most work on automatic writer identification relies on handwriting features defined by humans[6, 4]. These features correspond to basic units such as letters and words of text. Instead of relying on human-defined features, we consider here the determination of writing similarity using automatically determined word-level features learnt by a deep neural network. We generalize the problem of writer identification to the definition of a content-irrelevant handwriting similarity. Our method first takes whether two words were written by the same person as a discriminative label for word-level feature training. Then, based on word-level features, we define writing similarity between passages. This similarity not only shows the distinction between writing styles of different people, but also the development of style of the same person. Performance with several hidden layers in the neural network are evaluated. The method is applied to determine how a person's writing style changes with time considering a children's writing dataset. The children's handwriting data are annually collected. They were written by children of 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade. Results are given with a whole passage (50 words) of writing over one-year change. As a comparison, similar experiments on a small amount of data using conventional generative model are also given.
Mass spectra of Fe(CO)5 using fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) and laser induced thermal desorption FTMS with electron ionization, charge exchange, and proton transfer

Abstract Fourier transform mass spectrometry is used with chemical ionization to observe iron pentacarbonyl molecules in an ultra-high vacuum system. Mass spectra are obtained from molecules desorbed from a cold Pd(111) surface using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and directly from Fe(CO) 5 vapors. A variety of ions are formed when using 70 eV electrons, including some molecular ion. Charge exchange using Ar + and Xe + produces fewer fragment peaks but no molecular ion. Very little fragmentation occurs to the organometallic when using CH 5 + for proton-transfer reactions. The proton transfer-LITD spectrum does, however, show an unexpected, nonprotonated iron tricarbonyl cation, presumably due to desorption of a surface-activated species.