cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The personal style inventory: Preliminary validation studies of new measures of sociotropy and autonomy

We conducted five studies with depressed patients, demographically matched controls, and college students to develop and psychometrically evaluate new measures of concerns about interpersonal relationships (sociotropy) and autonomous achievement (autonomy), constructs that have been proposed to confer vulnerability to depression. The final version of the Personal Style Inventory (PSI) Sociotropy and Autonomy scales showed a good factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest stability, a low correlation with each other, and weak or no gender differences. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined with respect to depressive symptom levels, the Dependency and Self-Criticism scales of the Revised Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, and a social desirability scale and were generally acceptable. Further evaluations of the construct validity of the PSI are indicated.
Erythropoietin: when liability becomes asset in neurovascular repair

Erythropoietin (Epo) leads to the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursors, but is also involved in diverse nonhematopoietic biological functions. In this issue of the JCI, Chen, Smith, and colleagues demonstrate that the temporal expression of Epo is critical for determining whether physiological or pathological repair occurs following neurovascular retinal injury in the oxygen-induced retinopathy neonatal mouse model (see the related article beginning on page 526). The pleiotrophic properties of Epo make it a likely novel therapy for treatment of neurovascular damage, but the timing of its use must be carefully considered to prevent untoward effects.
Revising the Management of Digitalis Poisoning

(1993). Revising the Management of Digitalis Poisoning. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 275-276.
Converging Software and Systems Engineering Standards

This work promises to provide a consistent description of software and systems engineering practices based on generally accepted knowledge and supported by curricula that the community broadly accepts as providing a baseline for responsible conduct and a foundation for future innovation
Effect of close-fit sliplining on the hydraulic capacity of a pressurized pipeline

Abstract A full-scale laboratory testing setup was used to examine the flow conditions through a new steel pipe with relatively smooth interior (no tubercles, encrustations, holes, scales, etc.) before and after sliplining with a high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner. Results of the tests indicate that the relative roughness of the lined pipe section was generally lower than that of the new steel pipe at Reynolds Numbers of 200,000 to 500,000. The average friction factor (Swamee–Jain) for the lined pipe was 0.0180 compared to 0.0185 for the original steel pipe. The minimum and maximum friction coefficients were 0.0146 and 0.0208 for the lined pipe and 0.0148 and 0.0241 for the new steel pipe, respectively. This indicates that a deteriorated pipe with significant roughness could be restored back to its original condition using close-fit sliplining. Meanwhile, installation of the 6.35 mm (1/4 in.) thick liner in the 152.4 mm (6 in.) pipe reduced its cross-sectional flow area by about 16% and, accordingly, would decrease the flow by about 20% under the same head loss. To further explore this condition, two design parameters, the liner thickness and its buckling resistance, were examined analytically using a practical application of 152.4 mm (6 in.) pipeline with an internal negative pressure due to a water hammer. Results of the analysis indicate that a 3.4 mm (1/8 in.) thick HDPE liner with average quality installation would provide about 100 kPa (≅ 10 m or 33 ft water column) of buckling resistance, but would also reduce the flow capacity by about 12.7%. While the laboratory tests were only performed on one type of liner material (i.e., HDPE), the general concepts and findings of this study would apply to other types of polymeric liners.
Rates of Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca diffusion in garnet

Extraction of the thermal and chemical histories preserved by modified compositional zoning in garnet is compromised by large uncertainties in experimentally determined diffusion coefficients for principal divalent cations. Some of this uncertainty derives from long down-temperature extrapolations, but much of it arises from an inability to account accurately for large variations in diffusivity as a function of garnet composition. Numerical simulation of stranded diffusion profiles in partially resorbed natural garnets constrains diffusivities at low temperature, and reveals a systematic dependence of diffusion rates on host garnet composition. A comprehensive model incorporating a simple compositional dependence allows accurate prediction of diffusion rates for Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca for nearly all garnet compositions across the full range of geologically relevant temperatures, pressures, and oxygen fugacities.
Pentobarbital actions on a leech neurone.

Abstract 1. Pentobarbital and secobarbital caused changes in resting properties of leech neurones attributable to reduced potassium conductance, but several other barbiturates had no effect. 2. All barbiturates tested prolonged the action potentials of the same cells. 3. For pentobarbital both actions were much more evident at pH 6.8 than at 8.8.
Gravitation and irreversibility

The internal time operatorM is an alternative to the usual dynamic time, an independent parameter of motion. Even when the dynamical entity is the three-geometry(3)G and we are concerned with its evolution in superspace (the problem of cosmological evolution), dynamical time remains an independent parameter associated with a choice of lapse and shift functions. The quantityM is, on the contrary, an ensemble-dependent parameter related to the “age” of a process: the entirety of the ensemble's evolution. With this different view of time as age, we seek a geometrical counterpart toM for the(3)G as an “ensemble.” For a closed negatively curved universe, a Lyapounov function can be established which allows anM to be defined for the Robertson-Walker universe. The time component of superspace momentumπ uv is introduced, and we identify its conjugate energy∂S/∂π uv with dissipation due to the evolving universe. A geometrical counterpart ofM is introduced by a conformal invariant Γ. This quantity simultaneously expresses (i) the topological feature of orientation-preserving transformations, and (ii) the Hamiltonian treatment of dissipative systems. This dual character of Γ, which links topological change to dissipative systems, suggests a geometrical basis forM. In this sense irreversibility is incorporated into the geometric structure of space-time, along with gravitation.
EFFECTS OF POLLINATION INTENSITY IN CAMPSIS RADICANS

I examined effects of pollination intensity on fruit, seed and seedling characteristics in Campsis radicans, and joint effects of pollen donor and pollination intensity on fruit production. Large pollen loads were more likely to initiate fruit production than small pollen loads, and the former fruits contained more seeds and a greater total seed mass. No further increases in seed number or mass occurred for pollen loads above 4,000 grains. The weight of individual seeds was unaffected by pollen load. Effects of pollen donor were generally larger than effects of pollen load, and fruit production from small loads of pollen from one donor were sometimes equal to fruit production from larger pollen loads from another donor. The ratio of pollen grains deposited to resultant seeds increased with pollen load, and several explanations are proposed. Seeds from heavy pollinations emerged better than seeds from light pollinations, but did not differ in speed of germination or in the performance of seedlings up to 126 days. The emergence differences are probably due to differing intensities of pollen tube competition.
Insights into the hierarchy of selenium incorporation.

A new study shows that defects in SECIS-binding protein 2 (SBP2), a factor required for incorporation of selenium into proteins, produce alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism in humans but none of the other effects attributed to selenium deficiency or loss of selenoproteins. This finding suggests that SBP2 has a role in distinguishing between selenoproteins whose functions are essential and those with supporting roles in life and health.
Language Sample Analysis in Spanish-Speaking Children: Methodological Considerations

The purposes of this article are (a) to discuss issues related to the selection and development of language assessment procedures for children who speak Spanish and English based on spontaneous lan...
Hippocampal Interneurons Express a Novel Form of Synaptic Plasticity

Individual GABAergic interneurons in hippocampus can powerfully inhibit more than a thousand excitatory pyramidal neurons. Therefore, control of interneuron excitability provides control over hippocampal networks. We have identified a novel mechanism in hippocampus that weakens excitatory synapses onto GABAergic interneurons. Following stimulation that elicits long-term potentiation at neighboring synapses onto excitatory cells, excitatory synapses onto inhibitory interneurons undergo a long-term synaptic depression (interneuron LTD; iLTD). Unlike most other forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, iLTD is not synapse specific: stimulation of an afferent pathway triggers depression not only of activated synapses but also of inactive excitatory synapses onto the same interneuron. These results suggest that high frequency afferent activity increases hippocampal excitability through a dual mechanism, simultaneously potentiating synapses onto excitatory neurons and depressing synapses onto inhibitory neurons.
The pleuropulmonary manifestations of pancreatitis.

One hundred and fifty-five cases of clinically proved pancreatitis were reviewed in order to determine the incidence of concurrent acute chest roentgenologic changes. The criteria for inclusion in this series necessitated that all patients have the established diagnosis of pancreatitis, supported by one or more elevated serum amylase determinations. All patients under consideration had normal chest x-ray films, either at the onset of their illness or at a prior examination. None had a history of physical or roentgenologic findings of chronic pulmonary disease. No chest lesion was considered significant if an operative procedure had been performed prior to the demonstration of the roentgen change. Any patient with a positive chest x-ray film whose sputum culture grew out pathogens was eliminated. Twenty-two patients (14.2 per cent) were noted to have x-ray findings of pleural effusion, pleural reaction, plate-like atelectasis, or basilar infiltrates. Nine of these reactions were in the left chest, nine in the right, and three bilateral. One hundred cases of acute cholecystitis were also reviewed, and a 6 per cent incidence of minimal, transient chest roentgenologic changes were noted. Familiarity with the significance of these roentgenologic changes in acute pancreatitis will help establish the early recognition of this potentially lethal disease.
Doppler-limited CW infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy of the ν1+ν3 OH + CH stretch combination band of jet-cooled methanol

Abstract A high resolution cavity ringdown spectrometer (CRDS) has been constructed using a 1.5 μm continuous-wave external-cavity tunable diode laser, a mode-matched near-confocal ringdown cavity, and 2 cm pulsed slit jet. Without signal averaging, the RMS noise in the absorption signal is 1.7 × 10 −9 cm −1 . The rotationally resolved overtone spectrum of the OH( ν 1 ) + CH( ν 3 ) stretch combination band of methanol between 6510 and 6550 cm −1 has been observed for J ′ =0–8 and K ′ =0–3 at sub-Doppler resolution. In total, 418 lines are assigned and global fits yield molecular torsion–rotation parameters for the upper state. Four K ′ -localized perturbations are analyzed and the pattern of residuals is discussed.
Iopamidol in lumbar myelography

Abstract Iopamidol is a new, nonionic, water-soluble contrast material currently undergoing clinical trials for intravascular and intrathecal use in Europe and the United States. In this study, 12 patients underwent lumbar myelography with this agent. For each subject, up to 12 mL of iopamidol (at 200 mg I/mL) was employed. The myelograms obtained were highly satisfactory. No serious adverse reactions were observed. The most common side effect-headache-occurred in seven patients. However, six of the seven headaches were mild and transient, and did not require treatment. Nausea occurred in two patients, back pain in two patients, hypotension and hypertension each in one patient. All of these reactions were mild and self-limited. Iopamidol appears to be a safe and conveniently used agent for lumbar myelography.
Spectrophotometric determination of rare earth mixtures

Abstract The molar absorptivities for most of the rare earths have been determined at the wavelengths of the various analytically significant absorption bands. These molar absorptivities have been determined on the Beckman Model DU spectrophotometer with and without a photomultiplier attachment as well as on a Cary Model 14 recording spectrophotometer. The techniques and instrumentation necessary for the satisfactory analysis of rare earth mixtures are discussed. A general procedure is presented which has been found most useful for the routine analysis of a wide variety of rare earth mixtures.
Some Uses of Experimental Techniques in Forensic Human Factors

Human factors experts in forensic practice are asked to analyze in post hoc fashion the effects of designs and warnings (or lack thereof) on occurrence and seriousness of accidents. Application of human factors principles in producing more adequate designs can provide evidence about whether or not an original design was faulty. The best test of the difference is an experimental one. Experiments were conducted dealing with warnings associated with freon, boxing headgear, and polio vaccine. The results indicate the usefulness of such procedures for confirming experts' opinions. The discussion includes consideration of the importance of testing all warnings for comprehensibility.
Institutional Difference and Cultural Difference: A Comparative Study of Canadian and Chinese Cultural Diplomacy

This study discusses the ability of culture to affect a state’s foreign policies in terms of cultural diplomacy, concentrating on the institutional level. It argues that one way a culture may affect a state’s cultural diplomacy is in making national institutions have features similar to the cultural features. Using China and Canada for comparative analysis, this article tests the theory that a state’s institutions of cultural diplomacy have features paralleling its own culture. This examination demonstrates that China and Canada, two states with different cultures, have different features in their institutions of cultural diplomacy that are consistent with Chinese and Canadian cultures respectively, thus supporting the validity of the theory.
Amnioinfusion does not affect the length of labor

Abstract OBJECTIVE : Our objective was to determine whether amnioinfusion prolongs or shortens the length of labor in patients who have an accepted indication for amnioinfusion. STUDY DESIGN : We performed a retrospective post hoc analysis of the length of labor of 437 patients who were enrolled in three prospective, randomized, controlled studies of amnioinfusion. RESULTS : The length of labor was not significnatly different for patients who received amnioinfusion compared with those who did not receive amnioinfusion (control group). Among the subgroup with vaginal delivery, the duration of labor after amnioinfusion did not differ from the duration of labor among the controls. The length of labor (mean ± SD, in hours) for the amnioinfusion group was 9.3 ± 6.3 versus 10.6 ± 6.9 for the control groups ( p not significant). Among the subgroup that required cesarean delivery, the duration of labor after amnioinfusion did not differ from the duration of labor among the controls. The length of labor (mean ± SD, in hours) in patients requiring cesarean delivery in the amnioinfusion group was 11.1 ± 6.3 versus 13.0 ± 7.5 for the control group ( p not significant). CONCLUSION : Amnioinfusion does not prolong or shorten the length of labor among patients who have an accepted indication for the treatment. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1134–6.)
An automated system for simultaneous thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. Part 1

Abstract An automated system which permits differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and mass spectrometry (MS) measurements to be performed simultaneously on a test sample under an inert or oxidative atmosphere has been developed. The system involves interfacing a Mettler thermoanalyzer, model TA-1, with a Hewlett-Packard 5992 quadrupole mass spectrometer. Data acquisiton from the thermoanalyzer and the mass spectrometer is handled by two separate Hewlett-Packard 9825 calculators with the mass spectral data stored on a floppy disk. Computer software has also been developed to permit: (1) continuous MS monitoring of volatiles, (2) screening of the acquired MS data, (3) tabulation of mass spectra, (4) subtraction of mass spectra acquired at two different times and (5) thermograms and mass ion profiles plotted together as a function of temperature or time.
Al nanogrid electrode for ultraviolet detectors.

Optical properties of Al nanogrids of different pitches and gaps were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation predicted that surface plasmons at the air/Al interface would enhance ultraviolet transmission through the subwavelength gaps of the nanogrid, making it an effective electrode on GaN-based photodetectors to compensate for the lack of transparent electrode and high p–type doping. The predicted transmission enhancement was verified by confocal scanning optical microscopy performed at 365 nm. The quality of the nanogrids fabricated by electron-beam lithography was verified by near-field scanning optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results, the pitch and gap of the nanogrids can be optimized for the best trade-off between electrical conductivity and optical transmission at different wavelengths. Based on different cutoff wavelengths, the nanogrids can also double as a filter to render photodetectors solar-blind.
Some capacities required to be a psychoanalytic psychotherapist

The capacities required to be a helpful psychoanalytic psychotherapist include those required for any meaningful interpersonal relationship that involves the deepest thoughts and feelings between two people, where one is committed to always putting first the best interests of the other. This paper discusses seven of those capacities: (1) the capacity for empathie technical flexibility; (2) the capacity to be childlike; (3)the capacity for psychological mindedness and insight; (4) the capacity to be neutral but not anonymous; (5) the capacity to recognize, articulate, bear and experience feelings within the session; (6) the capacity to be silent; and (7) the capacity to regress in the service of therapy. Each of these capacities is discussed within the context of practical aspects of delivering psychotherapy.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MAGNETIC HYPERFINE PROPERTIES OF BERYLLIUM.

The temperature dependence of the Fermi contact and exchange core-polarization (ECP) contribution to Knight shift $K$ and nuclear-spin relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ in beryllium has been studied. The variation in the spin density shows a similar trend to that in cadmium, namely, the $s$ content of the conduction-electron wave function ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{k}$ increases with temperature at the expense of a decrease in the $p$ content. Combining both direct and ECP contributions, $K$ increases by 2.3% and ${T}_{1}T$ decreases by 8% from 0 to 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results are compared with the available experimental data.
Reduction of dimensionality, dynamic programming, and control processes.

Abstract : A major difficulty in the way of a successful systematic approach to the study of control processes by way of the theory of dynamic programming is the occurrence of processes having state vectors of high dimension. However difficult the problem is for systems ruled by a finite set of differential equations, it is several orders of magnitude more complex for systems of infinite dimensionality and for systems with time lags. By combining a technique presented earlier for dealing with finite-dimensional systems and various methods of successive approximations and quasilinearization, certain classes of control processes associated with infinite dimensional systems can be treated. The ideas are illustrated by discussing control of a system involving a time lag and control of a thermal system.
A MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHOD WITH A PRIORI MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD CONSTRAINTS

Implementations of the maximum entropy method for data reconstruction have almost universally used the approach of maximizing the statistic S - λχ2, where S is the Shannon entropy of the reconstructed distribution and χ2 is the usual statistical measure associated with agreement between certain properties of the reconstructed distribution and the data. We develop here an alternative approach which maximizes the entropy subject to the set of constraints that χ2 be at a minimum with respect to the reconstructed distribution. This in turn modifies the fitting statistic to be S - λ ∇χ2 where λ is now a vector. This new method provides a unique solution to both the well-posed and ill-posed problem, provides a natural convergence criterion which has previously been lacking in other implementations of maximum entropy, and provides the most conservative (least informative) data reconstruction result consistent with both maximum entropy and maximum likelihood methods, thereby mitigating against over-interpretation of reconstruction results. A spectroscopic example is shown as a demonstration.
Flow-volume relationships during spontaneous breathing through endotracheal tubes.

OBJECTIVE Breathing spontaneously through an endotracheal tube is often equated with "breathing through a straw." The objective of this study was to examine whether endotracheal tubes functionally act as tubular resistors in patients during tidal breathing, machine-initiated breaths, and vital capacity maneuvers. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING University hospital surgical ICU. PATIENTS Eighteen mechanically ventilated, critically ill, postoperative patients (34 to 87 yrs). MEASUREMENTS Flow-volume loops were recorded during tidal and machine breaths, as well as during vital capacity maneuvers. The loops were inspected visually for evidence of air flow limitation. Expiratory characteristics were examined using the ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to the expiratory volume in 0.5 sec and the ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to peak expiratory flow rate. The ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to that in 0.5 sec (greater than 1.5) and the ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to peak expiratory flow rate (greater than 10 mL/L/min) are seen with upper airway obstruction. MAIN RESULTS Mean spontaneous tidal volume was 361 +/- 92 (SD) mL and vital capacity was 1104 +/- 16 mL, while the ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to that in 0.5 sec was 1.57 +/- 0.17 and 1.7 +/- 0.1 (p less than .05), respectively. The ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to peak expiratory flow rate was 9.9 +/- 1.7 during tidal breathing and 12.9 +/- 1.2 (p less than .05) during vital capacity maneuvers. CONCLUSIONS Endotracheal tubes of the diameters used in these adult postoperative patients (7 and 8 mm) cause only minimal limitation to air flow during the small volumes and low-flow rates observed during tidal breathing. Evidence of greater air flow limitation was seen during vital capacity maneuvers.
The IUD in evolution.

Many of the major conclusions regarding IUD performance reached by the Cooperative Statistical Program (CSP) during 1963-68 continue to guide understanding of this contraceptive method. The CSP evaluation based on more than 180000 woman-months of observation concluded: 1) the smaller the size of the IUD the greater the pregnancy and expulsion rates; 2) the larger the IUD the greater the probability of removal for bleeding; 3) pregnancy expulsion and removal rates are highest in the first year of use; 4) expulsion rates decrease with increasing age and parity; and 5) user removal rates decrease with increasing parity. Todays IUDs have evolved in conjunction with rigorous scientific standards and sophisticated methodologies. The era of the inert IUD ended with the withdrawal of the Dalkon Shield in 1974. At this time the copper T380A is the most effective device. Although a progestin-containing IUD has been available since 1976 it has a higher failure rate than copper-releasing devices and must be replaced annually. Widespread use of the IUD among US women has been hindered by fear of litigation limited training in IUD insertion and misinterpretation of epidemiologic data concerning the association between IUDs and infection and infertility. Improvement in hormone-bearing IUDs is the most likely area for further IUD development in the US.
Binding of Sights and Sounds: Age-Related Changes in Multisensory Temporal Processing.

We live in a multisensory world and one of the challenges the brain is faced with is deciding what information belongs together. Our ability to make assumptions about the relatedness of multisensory stimuli is partly based on their temporal and spatial relationships. Stimuli that are proximal in time and space are likely to be bound together by the brain and ascribed to a common external event. Using this framework we can describe multisensory processes in the context of spatial and temporal filters or windows that compute the probability of the relatedness of stimuli. Whereas numerous studies have examined the characteristics of these multisensory filters in adults and discrepancies in window size have been reported between infants and adults, virtually nothing is known about multisensory temporal processing in childhood. To examine this, we compared the ability of 10 and 11 year olds and adults to detect audiovisual temporal asynchrony. Findings revealed striking and asymmetric age-related differences. Whereas children were able to identify asynchrony as readily as adults when visual stimuli preceded auditory cues, significant group differences were identified at moderately long stimulus onset asynchronies (150–350 ms) where the auditory stimulus was first. Results suggest that changes in audiovisual temporal perception extend beyond the first decade of life. In addition to furthering our understanding of basic multisensory developmental processes, these findings have implications on disorders (e.g., autism, dyslexia) in which emerging evidence suggests alterations in multisensory temporal function.
Occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis (Cestoda, Taeniidae) in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Western Ukraine

Echinococcus multilocularis was found for the first time in red foxes in the L’vivska and Volynska regions (Western Ukraine). Prevalence was 36% and intensity was 11–731 parasites. The material was identified as E. multilocularis on morphological characters. It is presumed that this infection of foxes with E. multilocularis occurred locally and, probably, can be considered as a consequence of the expansion of the range of the parasite.
Magnetic characteristics of some laves phase systems containing Fe and Mn

Abstract Magnetization-temperature data have been obtained for TiFe2, ZrFe2, YFe2, YMn2 and a series of alloys represented by the formula YMn2−xAlx. Curie-Weiss behavior is observed for all the systems studied except for YMn2 and the ternary alloys with x 1.5 is in a 3d3 configuration, corresponding to Mn+4. The difference in phase relations observed in ternaries involving the lanthanides and aluminum combined with Mn on the one hand and Fe or Co on the other is attributed to the shift of Mn d electrons from a localised to a delocalised condition and the involvement of the d electrons in the latter case in the establishment of the Fermi Surface. In this group of compounds Fe and Mn (in dilute solution) contribute 0.2 and 4 electrons, respectively, to the electron concentration. This is in close accord with valence of zero for Fe advanced many years ago by Hume-Rothery .
Robustness of Clevenson-Zidek-Type Estimators

Abstract For estimating the means of several independent Poisson distributions, Clevenson and Zidek (1975) were the first to propose a class of estimators that are better than the usual one under the normalized squared error loss (1.1). This class of estimators was subsequently enlarged by others. This article examines the sensitivity of the superiority of the Clevenson-Zidek (CZ)-type means estimators over the usual one with respect to the exactness of the Poisson distribution assumption. It is shown that many of the CZ-type means estimators dominate the usual estimator even when the underlying distributions are negative binomial, whether they are close to the Poisson or not. This broadens the scope of use of CZ-type estimators.
A cell-autonomous, ubiquitous marker for the analysis of Drosophila genetic mosaics

Mosaic analysis, the study of animals containing cells of two different genotypes, has been used to address a wealth of questions in developmental biology. Up to now, the cell markers used to distinguish cells of the two genotypes have only been applicable to specific experimental situations (e.g., only in adult wings). We have designed a general purpose cell marker for mosaic analysis. It consists of the bacterial LacZ gene expressed under the control of the constitutive promoter of the Drosophila armadillo gene. Transformants carrying this fusion gene express beta-galactosidase in all tissue and at all stages analyzed. Zygotic expression is detectable as early as gastrulation. In mosaics obtained by nuclear transplantation, cells carrying the transgene are easily distinguished from beta-galactosidase-negative host cells. The marker should also be useful for mosaics generated with the "Flp technique."
Numerical study of transient laminar natural convection heat transfer over a sphere subjected to a constant heat flux

Transient laminar natural convection over a sphere which is subjected to a constant heat flux has been studied numerically for high Grashof numbers (105 ≤ Gr ≤ 109) and a wide range of Prandtl numbers (Pr = 0.02, 0.7, 7, and 100). A plume with a mushroom-shaped cap forms above the sphere and drifts upward continuously with time. The size and the level of temperature of the transient cap and plume stem decrease with increasing Gr and Pr. Flow separation and an associated vortex may appear in the wake of the sphere depending on the magnitude of Gr and Pr. A recirculation vortex which appears and grows until “steady state” is attained was found only for the very high Grashof numbers (105 ≤ Gr ≤ 109) and the lowest Prandtl number considered (Pr = 0.02). The appearance and subsequent disappearance of a vortex was observed for Gr = 109 and Pr = 0.7. Over the lower hemisphere, the thickness of both the hydrodynamic (δH) and the thermal (δT) boundary layers remain nearly constant and the sphere surface is nearly isothermal. The surface temperature presents a local maximum in the wake of the sphere whenever a vortex is established in the wake of the sphere. The surface pressure recovery in the wake of the sphere increases with decreasing Pr and with increasing Gr. For very small Pr, unlike forced convection, the ratio δT/δH remains close to unity. The results are in good agreement with experimental data and in excellent agreement with numerical results available in the literature. A correlation has also been presented for the overall Nusselt number as a function of Gr and Pr.
Surface roughness effects on Knudsen diffusion

Influence de la structure des pores (tortuosite, aire superficielle) sur la diffusivite Knudsen
LODGED CATHETER DURING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION.

Abstract A No. 7 Cournand catheter became lodged in the subclavian vein, requiring removal under general anesthesia. It was found to have been held by a cuff of vessel intima which was torn out when the catheter was dislodged.
Hotel investment in open area.

Abstract Environmental open space is difficult to define and value. This paper estimates the rate of return on hotels’ investment in open area for three locations in the State of Hawaii, United States. The marginal revenue for open area investment is estimated using a hedonic analysis of hotel room prices. The marginal cost of open area investment is adapted from secondary data. The study reports on estimated return rates, which in two locations are consistent with previous research and with the risk levels faced by hotels/resorts in Hawaii. The lower rate of the third location appears to be the result of inaccurate expectations about changing land values.
Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope's Construct of Foreign Language Anxiety: The Case of Students of Japanese

language anxiety is related to Japanese language learning. It uses Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope's theoretical model of foreign language anxiety as a research framework. It has been reported that foreign language anxiety is a rather pervasive phenomenon (14; 31; 32; 46; 47; 52). Although language anxiety could be viewed as positive energy (or facilitating anxiety as called by Alpert and Haber) that motivates learners, many language teachers and researchers have been concerned about the possibility that anxiety may function as an affective filter (28), preventing a learner from achieving a high level of proficiency in a foreign language (4; 7; 17; 25; 27; 39; 42; 56; 62). However, most of the research studies have involved Western lan-
Comparisons of Railway Motive Power for Operations in the Pacific Northwest

RECIPROCATING steam, Diesel-electric, and electric locomotives compete today for the main-line freight and passenger assignments of Pacific Northwest railways. It is doubtful if the present struggle for dominance among the three will be influenced greatly by other types of locomotives. Reciprocating steam locomotives have occupied a position of leadership here as elsewhere in the United States since the coming of the railroad, but it is apparent that their days of unchallenged leadership are over. On the basis of physical ability to perform present and prospective tasks as well as on the basis of operating economy, steam locomotives face strong competition from Diesel-electric and electric motive power.
The amino acid sequence of goat α-lactalbumin

The amino acid sequence of goat α-lactalbumin has been established from the structures of peptides isolated from trypsin and thermolysin digests of the reduced aminoethylated protein and from a chymotrypsin digest of the reduced carboxamidomethylated protein. The amino-terminal sequence was confirmed by automatic sequencer analysis. Of the previously sequenced species variants of α-lactalbumin, the bovine protein is most similar to the goat, differing in only 12 amino acid substitutions. One difference between these proteins corresponds to a substitution found in the bovine A genetic variant (Arg10 → Gln). The relevance of the structure to the evolutionary relationships in the α-lactalbumin-lysozyme family of proteins is discussed.
Enhancing the functionality of food proteins by enzymatic modification

Abstract Proteins are increasingly being utilized to perform functional roles in food formulations. Common food proteins possess good functional properties including solubility, gelation, emulsification and foaming. The functional properties of proteins are impaired near their pl (isoelectric point), as is the case in most acidic foods. Enzymatic modification of food proteins by controlled proteolysis can enhance their functional properties over a wide pH range, and other processing conditions. Choosing the right proteolytic enzyme, environmental conditions for hydrolysis and degree of hydrolysis is crucial for enhancing the functional properties of proteins. Understanding the molecular properties required for protein functionality and the development of strategies to achieve them are critical for developing and utilizing modified protein ingredients. Numerous reports on enhancing the functionality of food proteins by limited proteolysis have been published, some of which are reviewed in this article.
Awareness of foodborne pathogens among US consumers

Abstract Each year in the United States, microbial pathogens cause millions of cases of foodborne disease and result in many hospitalizations and deaths. Effective consumer education programs to promote safer food handling practices and other averting behaviors may benefit from consumer awareness of microbial pathogens. This paper investigates US consumers’ awareness of four major microbial pathogens ( Salmonella , Campylobacter , Listeria and Escherichia coli ) as food safety problems, using a multivariate probit model. The awareness varies among pathogens and the variations appear to be related to differences in the number and severity of illnesses associated with these pathogens. Our findings suggest that awareness of microbial pathogens is associated with food safety perceptions, awareness of potentially risky foods and substances associated with potential food safety hazards, food safety related behaviors, and demographics. There are differentiated effects of variables on awareness of the four pathogens.
How interdependence affects subsidiary performance

Abstract Interdependence across international operations may have important implications for the performance of the multinational corporation (MNC). While most theoretical considerations imply that interdependence benefits the corporation as a whole, its influence on subsidiary performance is not well understood. This study empirically examines interdependence at the subsidiary level and reveals new insights on how interdependence influences subsidiary performance. Data for the study are from 115 foreign subsidiaries of U.S.-based MNCs. The conclusions are: (1) interdependence is intrinsically multi-faceted and subsidiaries exhibit four distinct profiles of interdependence — lone stars, passive stars, dominant stars and constellation stars; (2) a mere high–low metric of interdependence, not accounting for the inherent differences across these interdependence profiles, is not associated with subsidiary performance; however, (3) the closer a subsidiary's interdependence “fits” with any one of the four identified profiles of interdependence, the more subsidiary performance is enhanced. This article discusses implications of these results for successfully managing MNCs.
Technique and Pearls in Performing the First Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

When there is a considerable loss of first metatarsal phalangeal joint (MTPJ) motion and/or ankylosis is apparent then a joint preservation procedure may not be feasible. For end-stage degenerative change within the MTPJ, nonreducible joint incongruity, or instability of the first MTPJ, an arthrodesis can provide the most predictable and, arguably, the most definitive correction of the deformity, especially in patients with higher functional demands. This article discusses principles of techniques with an emphasis on the procedure to prepare a successful arthrodesis, and expounds on technical nuances including those associated with fixation devices.
Encouraging innovative environmental actions: what companies and managers must do

Abstract Increasingly environmentally proactive firms are interested in finding ways to encourage employees to take environmental actions that will improve the environmental performance of company operations, products and services. Results of an employee survey show that both environmental policies and supportive supervisory behaviors can increase the probability that employees will try environmental initiatives. We describe environmental policies and supervisory behaviors that exist in firms that are committed to sustainable development and employee environmental initiatives. From the survey results, we draw some lessons for managers and organizations that would like to support employee participation in sustainable development activities.
When Is It Enough for Me to Leave?:Black and Hispanic Women’s Response to Violent Relationships

Based upon a subsample from the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) this article examines the role of socioeconomic status, relationship investment and psychological abuse in Black and Hispanic women’s decisions to leave or stay in violent relationships. Racial and ethnic differences and similarities were found in the factors related to staying or leaving violent relationships. Black women stayed in violent relationships at a slightly higher rate than Hispanic women. Marital status, presence of other adults in the household, and psychological abuse influenced Black women’s staying/leaving decision. Household income and psychological abuse were factors in whether Hispanic women remained in or exited violent relationships. Recommendations for possible interventions are discussed.
TU‐C‐BRB‐12: Treatment Plan Validation through Graphical Fingerprint

Purpose: The treatment plan validation by the human is slow and error‐ prone due to the human limitation. We present a possible solution to improve the validation efficiency and quality by adopting graphical fingerprint. We aim to produce a digital fingerprint from various treatment plan parameters and present the fingerprint in a graphical format for easy recognition by human. Method and Materials: Since large amount information exists in the treatment plan, it is not realistic to ask the therapists to verify manually. We resort to use the hash function to generate a fingerprint for each copy of the plan. In this study, Message‐Digest algorithm 5 (MD5) is used mainly due to its relative short output (128bit). To make sure the difference can be readily recognized by human, we adopt the approach used in random art to produce an image (refereed as to graphical fingerprint) for each MD5 output. To ensure there is no result collision, we employed a result checking mechanism to ensure all images produced are valid. Results: 1000 MD5 stings are generated to produce the images we need. The 1000 images are randomly selected to form 20 groups, where each group contains 100 images. Each group is printed out on paper and visually inspected by human. It turns out all groups reach the same conclusion that they contains completely different images and none of the inspections exceeds 2 minutes. Conclusion: Wpresented a possible treatment plan validation approach through graphical fingerprint. It aims to address the human weakness during the manual validation. The approach allows fast recognition of errors by providing an graphical representation for the output of hash functions.
Patterns of Cardiac Toxicity Associated With Irreversible Proteasome Inhibition in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Carfilzomib is a novel irreversible proteasome inhibitor (PI) used with increasing frequency to treat patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). This agent is an effective treatment for this challenging population, but proteasome inhibition has the potential of significant cardiac toxicity via the accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates. Although large clinical trials have not suggested an excess of heart failure with PI therapy, nonhuman animal studies and case reports in humans with the PI bortezomib have suggested otherwise. We describe the clinical presentation and management of 6 patients with RRMM who experienced significant cardiac toxicity associated with carfilzomib treatment. A common clinical syndrome of dyspnea associated with left ventricular systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction was identified. These abnormalities were largely reversible with prompt cessation of PI therapy and initiation of traditional heart failure treatments. Safe readministration of carfilzomib with dose modification was possible in some cases.
Aeroacoustic Sensitivity Analysis and Its Application for Noise Barrier Design

An automated design optimization method is demonstrated by computationally modeling the wheel-on-rail noise. The noise propagation is simulated by solving the wave equation using the boundary element method and compared with field test data. Then, the computational model was coupled with an optimization methodology through finite-differenced sensitivities. Using this method, a number of new designs was obtained and evaluated for their relative effectiveness. Three new designs were found to improve the insertion loss within the design space delineated by the given geometrical constraints. Finally, for improved computational efficiency, a continuous adjoint sensitivity methodology was applied to the wave equation to obtain the shape sensitivity derivatives of the acoustic pressure field. Its accuracy and validity are demonstrated for objectives defined on the barrier surface and out in the acoustic field.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A Longitudinal Study of Attitude Shifts among Black and White Police Officers

Radical increases in racial animosity between white and black officers were found from the time of entering the academy until eighteen months later. All officers seemed to become more hedonistic, impersonal, and detached, and to develop feelings of hostility toward authority figures. As black officers progressed through the academy and on into regular police work, they became increasingly negative toward whites and disillusioned with the department; they began to shift in the direction of a greater sense of black unity and polarity against whites. While blacks saw greater preference being given to whites, white officers perceived the converse with the result that they became also more ethnocentric and polarized. Little evidence was found to indicate that a police experience molds men to feel a greater sense of social concern, or that it motivates them to improve relationships between races.
Lubricin deficiency in the murine lumbar intervertebral disc results in elevated torsional apparent modulus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical consequences of proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) deficiency on intervertebral disc mechanics using a Prg4 knockout mouse model. Prg4, also called lubricin, was first identified as the boundary lubricant in synovial fluid but has subsequently been localized within a number of musculoskeletal tissues in areas subjected to shear and tensile stresses, including the intervertebral disc. The function of lubricin in the intervertebral disc has not been determined. Lumbar level 1–2 vertebral body-disc-vertebral body motion segments were isolated from Prg4 null mice and wild type (WT) litter mate controls. Disc dimensions were measured and motion segments were tested in axial loading and torsion. Torque measurements and disc dimensions were used to calculate the torsional apparent modulus for discs from Prg4 null and WT discs. Discs from Prg4 null mice had a significantly smaller mean transverse disc area (p=0.0057), with a significantly larger proportion of this area occupied by the nucleus pulposus (p<0.0001), compared to WT specimens. Apparent torsional moduli were found to be elevated in Prg4 null lumbar discs compared to WT controls at 10–10° (p=.0048) and 10–30° (p=0.0127) rotation. This study suggests a functional role for Prg4 in the murine intervertebral disc. The absence of Prg4 was associated with an increased apparent torsional modulus and the structural consequences of Prg4 deficiency in the intervertebral disc, with expansion of the area of the nucleus pulposus relative to the transverse disc area in Prg4 null specimens.