cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE RECURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS

This paper represents the first study to estimate counts of individual occupational injuries and claims over long spells of working life (up to 13 years) in the USA. It explores data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. I found that 37% of all surveyed workers who had experienced one on-the-job accident reported at least one additional injury, but only 56% of all occupational injuries and illnesses resulted in workers' compensation claims. I estimated different count models to assess the effect of different individual worker and job characteristics on individual injury counts and workers' compensation claims counts. Lower educational levels, less tenure, work in dangerous industries and unskilled occupations, and job demands are found to be important determinants of multiple on-the-job injuries. The most interesting results, however, refer to the role played by individuals' pre-injury characteristics: early exposure to dangerous jobs is among the main determinants of higher counts of occupational injuries later in life. Early health limitations are also significant predictors of recurrent workers' compensation claims. These results provide new evidence about the important role played by both the health and the socioeconomic status of young people as determinants of their future occupational injuries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Latino Adolescent Perspectives Toward Sexually Transmitted Infection Educational Programs

Purpose The study aims to identify knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Latino adolescents, to explore programmatic components that are essential for an effective educational program, and to explore gender differences regarding STI knowledge and essential components. Methods A naturalistic inquiry approach was used. Findings Knowledge of specific STIs was minimal. Themes including humor, fear, empowered decision-making, peer educators, self-protection, knowledge and information on STIs, and consistency of the sexual health education were identified as essential components for STI educational programs. Conclusion The findings of this study enhance the understanding of STIs, sexual behaviors, and essential components of an effective STI educational program as perceived by Latino adolescents. Implications for Nursing Practice It is essential for nurses to provide accurate information about STIs and safe sex to help decrease the transmission of STIs.
Regional variation in the measured apparent ultrasonic backscatter of mid-gestational fetal pig hearts.

The goal of this study was to characterize and compare regional backscatter properties of fetal hearts through measurements of the apparent integrated backscatter. Sixteen excised, formalin-fixed fetal pig hearts, representing an estimated 53 to 63 days of gestation, were investigated. Spatially localized measurements of integrated backscatter from these specimens were acquired using a 50 MHz single-element transducer. The apparent integrated backscatter measurements demonstrate different patterns of backscatter from the myocardium of the right ventricle compared with that of the left ventricle. These backscatter measurements appear to be consistent with the anisotropy of the fiber orientation observed in histologic assessment of the same specimens. For each of the 16 hearts, the apparent integrated backscatter from the right ventricular myocardium was larger than that from the left ventricular myocardium, exhibiting mean apparent backscatter values of –35.9 ± 2.0 dB and –40.1 ± 1.9 dB (mean ± standard deviation; n = 16; p < 0.001), respectively. This study suggests that the intrinsic ultrasonic properties of the left and right ventricular myocardium are distinct in fetal pig hearts at mid-gestation. (E-mail: mrh@wuphys.wustl.edu)
Numerical Analysis of Image Patterns

We find similarities between spatial pattern analysis and other low-level cooperative visual processes. Numerical algorithms for computing intrinsic scene attributes, e.g. shape-from-X (shading, texture, etc.) and optical flow typically involve estimating generalized orientation components via iterative constraint propagation. Smoothing or regularizing terms imposed on the constraint equations often enhance the uniqueness / stability (well-posedness) of the solutions. The numerical approach to visual pattern analysis developed here proceeds analogously via estimation of emergent 2-D image frequencies. Unlike shape-from-X or optical flow paradigms, constraints are derived from the responses of multiple oriented spatial frequency channels rather than directly from the image irradiance measurements. By using channel filters that are sufficiently concentrated in both space and frequency, highly accurate spatial frequency estimates are computed on a local basis. Two methods are proposed. In the first, constrained estimates of the emergent image frequencies are obtained by resolving the responses of multiple channel filters in a process similar to photometric stereo. The second approach formulates the estimation of frequencies as an extremum problem regularized by a smoothing term. An iterative constraint propagation algorithm is developed analogous to those used in variational / relaxational approaches to shape-from-X (shading, texture) and optical flow. Examples illustrate each approach using synthetic and natural images.
Building trust and commitment in a global organisation

How do managers adapt to structural conditions and cultures in different locations where they do business, as they attempt to shape organisational culture and practices? This paper reports on a case study of 'EmergeInc', a (disguised) company that operated from offices in several different countries, selling online information services to customers in many different countries. The case illustrates management's role in attempting to accommodate to cultural and structural influences, while actively shaping organisational norms and practices. Three main techniques were used by management to build trust and commitment: story-telling, transferring employees, and creating new integrative roles and reporting relationships.
A comparison of the thermoformability of a PPE/PP blend with thermoformable ABS. Part I: Small deformation methods

Thermoforming involves stretching of a heat-softened polymer sheet to large strains. This was simulated by uniaxial tensile stretching (UTS) experiments at different temperatures and strain rates. These experiments were used to identify an optimum window of thermoforming temperature and strain rate and to compare the thermoformabilities of a blend of polyphenylene ether (PPE) and polypropylene (PP) with thermoformable acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin. It was shown that the PPE/PP blend generally has a wider thermoforming window than ABS. Using Considere construction, it was shown that the PPE/PP blend underwent more homogeneous deformation than ABS. The higher homogeneity in deformation of the PPE/PP blend resulted in a higher uniformity in the distribution of draw ratios, which implies more uniform thickness distribution in thermoformed parts. Draw ratio and crystallization studies ruled out the possibility of postforming shrinkage in the PPE/PP blend under ambient temperature conditions. The PPE/PP blend was also found to have a higher shrinkage onset temperature than that of ABS. An attempt was also made to relate the small deformation viscoelastic properties with the large deformation UTS properties through the use of Deborah numbers. These results bring out the importance of studying both the small deformation and large deformation properties in conjunction, while comparing the thermoformabilities of different polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1377–1384, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Designing remail: reinventing the email client through innovation and integration

The Remail design team defined a specification for an innovative and integrated email client. This design-lead effort tackled three key problems that email researchers have discovered: lack of context, co-opting of email, and keeping track of too many things. Based on earlier design and research explorations, we conceived of a client from the ground up that attacked these problems in an integrated fashion. Our solutions were based on three constructs: showing message context, marking email, and selective display. A small team of programmers implemented much of the design in a functional prototype. This experimental client continues to allow researchers to expand and explore these concepts.
Cardiogenic mixing increases aerosol deposition in the human lung in the absence of gravity

Abstract Rationale Exposure to extraterrestrial dusts is an almost inevitable consequence of any proposed planetary exploration. Previous studies in humans showed reduced deposition in low-gravity compared with normal gravity (1 G). However, the reduced sedimentation means that fewer particles deposit in the airways, increasing the number of particles transported to the lung periphery where they eventually deposit albeit at a smaller rate than in 1 G. In this study, we determined the role that gravity and other mechanisms such as cardiogenic mixing play in peripheral lung deposition during breath holds. Methods Eight healthy subjects inhaled boluses of 0.5 μm-diameter particles to penetration volumes (Vp) of 300 and 1200 ml that were followed by breath holds of up to 10 s. Tests were performed in 1 G and during short periods of microgravity (μG) aboard the NASA Microgravity Research Aircraft. Aerosol deposition and dispersion were calculated from these data. Results Results show that, for both Vp, deposition in 1 G was significantly higher than in μG. In contrast, while dispersion was significantly higher in 1 G compared to μG at Vp=1200 ml, there was no significant gravitational effect on dispersion at Vp=300 ml. Finally, for each G level and Vp, deposition and dispersion significantly increased with increasing breath-hold time. Conclusion The most important finding of this study is that, even in the absence of gravity, aerosol deposition in the lung periphery increased with increasing residence time. Because the particles used in this study were too large to be significantly affected by Brownian diffusion, the increase in deposition is likely due to cardiogenic motion effects.
Time course of phorbol ester-induced contraction and protein kinase C activation in rat aorta.

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between the rate of phorbol ester-induced contraction of intact rat aorta and protein kinase C activation, as assessed by the translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction. Aorta was exposed to Ca 2+ -free physiologic salt solution prior to phorbol ester to prevent Ca 2+ -induced protein kinase C translocation during tissue homogenization. Phorbol myristate acetate, as well as phorbol dibutyrate, decreased cytosolic and/or increased particulate protein kinase C activity as early as 5 s following phorbol ester addition, which was prior to, or coincident with, the onset of contraction. These results suggests that phorbol ester-induced contraction of intact vascular smooth muscle is associated in a time-dependent manner with protein kinase C activation.
Integration of Phytoseiulus persimilis with native predators for control of the two-spotted spider mite on rhubarb.

The phytoseiid mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was mass released on field-grown rhubarb in the Whittier Narrows area of Los Angeles County in 1964 and 1965 for control of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Populations of the spider mite and its predators were sampled at 1-, 2-, or 4-week intervals from December 7, 1964, until May 2, 1966, by collecting rhubarb leaves at random from the release areas for laboratory examination. P. persimilis was established for 6-8 months on heavily infested plants, following its release in December 1964 but disappeared when the pest population declined to low numbers. High spider mite populations prevailed from November 1964 through July 1965, resulting in severe Injury to extensive areas of the field. The population declined rapidly during August and September to an average of less than 1 per leaf by October and remained low until March 1966, when it increased rather abruptly, reaching high numbers again by the end of the experiment on May 2. Nine native predators were commonly associated with the two-spotted spider mite, with Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and the six-spotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande), predominating. The combined action of P. persimilis and the native predators resulted in an early reduction in the spider mite population in the release areas.
Query Augmentation based Intent Matching in Retail Vertical Ads

Search advertising shows trends of vertical extension. Vertical ads, including product ads and local search ads, are proliferating at an ever increasing pace. They typically offer better ROI to advertisers as a result of better user engagement. However, campaigns and bids in vertical ads are not set at the keyword level. As a result, the matching between user query and ads suffers low recall rate and the match quality is heavily impacted by tail queries. In this paper, we propose an ad retrieval framework for retail vertical ads, based on query rewrite using personal history data to improve ad recall rate. To insure ad quality, we also present a relevance model for matching rewritten queries with user search intent, with a particular focus on tail queries. In addition, we designed and implemented a GPU-based system to accelerate the training of the relevance model to meet production performance constraints. Finally, we carry out extensive experiments on large-scale logs collected from Bing, and show significant gains in ad retrieval rate without compromising ad quality.
Evaluating Identification Evidence from Multiple Eyewitnesses

When two or more eyewitnesses provide identification evidence in a given investigation, their testimony will be characterized either by unanimity or by contradictions. In the present research, nominal groups of several sizes were constructed from the distributions of individual responses in a variety of previous studies. It was found that both unanimity and contradictions could be expected to occur with considerable frequency. When unanimity occurred, the unanimous response was very likely to be accurate, particularly in large groups. When contradictions occurred, the most common, or modal, response was most probably accurate, particularly when four or more witnesses endorsed the modal position. These and several subsidiary findings resulted largely from the fact that individual errors were randomly distributed across many different incorrect response options. Consequently, even when eyewitnesses were generally inaccurate, the correct option was still chosen more frequently than any single incorrect option. Distinctions between the implications of individual vs. multiple eyewitness testimony were discussed.
The Bootstrap Method for Assessing Statistical Accuracy

This is an invited review of bootstrap methods. It begins with an exposition of the bootstrap estimate of standard error for one-sample situations. Several examples, some involving quite complicated statistical procedures, are given. The bootstrap is then extended to other measures of statistical accuracy, like bias and prediction error, and to complicated data structures such as time series, censored data, and regression models. Several more examples are presented illustrating these ideas. The last third of the paper deals mainly with bootstrap confidence intervals. The paper ends with a FORTRAN program for bootstrap standard errors.
Surgery-proneness: A review and clinical assessment

Abstract The authors review the psychiatric literature on patients who undergo repeated, often ill-advised surgery for pain relief, and report on their own clinical study, which shows that many polysurgery patients have similar social and medical histories as well as common aspects of clinical presentation that identify them as a subgroup of chronic pain patients. Identifying surgery-prone patients and redefining their illness as chronic rather than acute can help reduce the incidence of unnecessary surgery.
Red-winged blackbird females fail to increase feeding in response to begging call playbacks

The begging behaviour of nestling birds appears to be the main signal telling parents how much food is needed by the brood. Not only may the accuracy of that information be reduced through exaggeration due to competition, but it may also vary with the age of the nestling. Younger nestlings may vary more in how frequently they call than older nestlings because they cannot discriminate stimuli as well. Thus, even if ‘honest’, begging from younger nestlings could be a less reliable hunger signal than that from older nestlings. We tested the prediction that parents should respond less to the increased frequency of begging from very young versus older nestlings by playing back begging calls at the nests of both younger (≤5 day) and older (≥6 days) red-winged blackbirds,Agelaius phoeniceus. In neither case did parents respond with consistent increases in feeding, nor did young gain more weight during playbacks. This lack of response is discussed in relation to two other recent studies of blackbirds that did demonstrate increased feeding with playbacks of begging calls.
Aggregation rules for surface parameters in global models

Abstract. Aggregation rules are derived for calculating the effective value of parameters that determine the exchange of momentum and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere at the length scales used in General Circulation Models (GCMs). The derivation involves starting from theories that link parameters relevant at grid scale and patch scale, and then imposing the limitations necessarily present when models are operated in a free-standing, predictive mode. The application of these rules is illustrated by example for the case of the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). Remotely sensed global maps of land cover classes at 1 km x 1 km pixel scale for North America, South America, and Africa are used with these new aggregation rules to calculate area-average values of parameters for the 3° x 3° grid mesh used in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model. There are significant differences between the parameters calculated using aggregation rules and the values selected on the basis of the dominant vegetation cover in each grid, this being the selection procedure conventionally applied with BATS.
Rapid assessment of anisotropic surface processes: experiments on the corrosion of Inconel 600

Abstract We present a general experimental method for rapid characterization of surface processes on crystals of many orientations. By correlating maps of crystallographic orientation (obtained by electron backscatter diffraction methods) with those of surface topography (obtained by atomic force microscopy), we illustrate how a surface property can be elucidated on many off-principle crystal surfaces from a single polycrystalline specimen. For the corrosion of Inconel 600 in a dilute aqueous solution of HCl, we find that corrosion rates scale with the deviation angle of the surface normal from an ideal 〈1 1 1〉 direction. The use of atomic force microscopy can also provide mechanistic details about the surface process in question. For Inconel 600, we correlate the surface oxide morphology directly to the orientation of the underlying crystal.
Defect density distribution for LSI yield calculations

The experimental determination of defect density distributions is described. These distributions are needed for calculating LSI yields. The defect densities appear to be distributed according to gamma distributions. An expression for the average yield for a semiconductor process is derived based on the results.
A LOYALTY TAX? NATIONAL MEASURES OF ACADEMIC SALARY COMPRESSION

This paper presents measures of faculty salary compression for 1993 and 1999 based on national, rather than institutional-level, data. Using a recently developed technique and two national faculty surveys, actual junior to senior salary ratios are derived as well as predicted salary ratios that represent what the salary ratios would be if junior and senior faculty were similarly compensated for their productive traits. The analysis, which considers three alternative definitions of junior faculty and stratifies results by institutional type, produces an overall finding of no salary compression. A limited number of disciplines, including business and economics, however, do exhibit signs of salary compression.
Transuranic nuclides in two coastal marine sediments off Peru

The fluxes of plutonium isotopes, as well as their depth profiles, are similar for northern and southern hemispheric varved sediments taken off western American coasts. The inventories are in excess of the values predicted for atmospheric fallout In these anoxic sediments there is a general increase in concentration from depths to the near surface. These observations are explainable on the bases that anoxic deposits have a substantially higher retentivity of sedimented materials compared to that of their bioturbated oxic counterparts and that there are inputs of resuspended materials previously deposited in the marine environment. The 241Am distributions are explained by ingrowth from 241Pu assuming a substantial input of the parent from the U.S. thermonuclear tests during the 1950's and the immobilization of both Pu and Am in the deposits.
The Influence of the Polar Night Jet on the Tropospheric Circulation in a GCM

Abstract The influence of the polar night jet structure in determining the wave properties in the troposphere is examined using a general circulation model (GCM). It is shown that there are significant differences in the tropospheric simulation when the polar night jet is changed. Planetary wave theory leads us to expect that this will be the case for the stationary planetary waves; however, the changes found here extend to the transient eddies as well and to all scales in the model. The degree of trapping of the planetary waves in the troposphere is determined by the strength and structure of the polar night jet, resulting in the sensitivity of the troposphere to that structure. The most significant changes in the height field occur at high latitudes, beneath the polar night jet, but significant changes in the heat and momentum fluxes take place at both middle and high latitudes. The results indicate that inaccuracies in the stratospheric simulations of any general circulation model will produce serious ...
The effect of pharmacologic erection on the dorsal nerve of the penis

The dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) is the primary source of afferent somatic input from the penis and is critical in the male sexual functions of erection and ejaculation. Using genitourinary electrodiagnostic techniques, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of pharmacologic erection on the DNP. Three tests were administered, and the changes in the DNP between flaccid, stretched, and erect states were examined. Calculated nerve conduction velocity (cNCV) measurements of the DNP increased with pharmacologic erection because mechanical straightening of the nerve allowed for a more precise measurement of nerve length. The latencies of the cortical evoked response and the bulbocavernosus reflex were not significantly changed with stretch or pharmacologic erection. In the evaluation of impotence, cNCV DNP measurements should be performed on the erect penis.
Loin pain-hematuria syndrome associated with thin glomerular basement membrane disease and hemorrhage into renal tubules

Loin pain-hematuria syndrome associated with thin glomerular basement membrane disease and hemorrhage into renal tubules. Loin painhematuria (LPH) syndrome is a poorly understood disorder in which the patients, mainly young women, experience unexplained severe chronic unilateral or bilateral flank pain associated with gross and/or microscopic hematuria. By contrast, thin glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is generally thought to be a benign disorder, affecting males and females equally, in which the major manifestation is asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Herein we describe seven patients (6 females, 1 male) in whom thin GBM appeared to be the cause of the LPH syndrome. The gross hematuria in these patients could be attributed to thin GBM disease because the renal biopsy demonstrated red cells in renal tubules (indicating glomerular hematuria) and the only glomerular abnormality present was thin GBM. In addition, the other causes of gross hematuria were excluded by appropriate testing. The flank pain in these patients might also have been the result of their thin GBM disease. This is suggested by renal biopsy findings of multiple renal tubules filled with red cells, apparently occluding the tubules. We suggest that occlusion of a relatively small fraction of renal tubules could cause renal pain if back-leak of glomerular filtrate occurred that was of sufficient magnitude to expand renal parenchymal volume and stretch the renal capsule. Preliminary observations suggest that treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril importantly reduces the frequency and severity of the episodes of gross hematuria and flank pain in most patients. ACE inhibition might decrease glomerular hemorrhage in patients with thin GBM by decreasing glomerular hydrostatic pressure. We conclude that (1) Thin GBM disease can be the cause of gross hematuria, apparently as a result of rupture of thin GBM. (2) Rupture of thin GBM resulting in hemorrhage into renal tubules may be the cause of the flank pain and gross hematuria in some patients with the LPH syndrome.
The path to Made-in-China: How this was done and future prospects ☆

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in manufacturing practices in China. By the end of 2012, China was the world's leader in manufacturing operations and the second largest economic power on the globe. This paper offers three essential insights. First, the study provides a taxonomy of China's economic development in the past thirty years. Second, the study has identified the most important and relevant attributes that contribute to the rise of a manufacturing powerhouse. Finally, the study offers a few guidelines for the practicing managers and policy makers who are interested in formulating strategies to face the challenges of dynamic global competition. The study also discussed three important phases that constitute the path to Made-in-China. Phase One, Incubation Years, focused on economic reforms and the structural shifting from a planned economy to an economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the second phase, Navigation Years, China developed a modern manufacturing infrastructure. In the third phase, Dynamic Years, China adopted a proactive manufacturing strategy which emphasized soft power development. Based on the synergistic analysis provided in this study, manufacturing managers and policy makers will be able to expand their perspective on the restructuring of global manufacturing supply chains.
Forebrain and hindbrain involvement of neuropeptide Y in ingestive behaviors of rats.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an extremely potent orexigenic agent. These studies demonstrate that the effect of NPY on food and water intake are seen after infusion into either the third (3V) or fourth (4V) ventricle and that this is a specific effect, as it was not seen with the deaminated form. There was a nonsignificant tendency for lateral midbrain knife cuts to increase food intake. Both 3V and 4V NPY infusions showed an attenuated increases in food intake at 1 but not 2 h following NPY infusion in the lateral knife cut rats compared to the sham controls. Medical knife cuts resulted in significantly greater food intake in the basal state and a lesser increase in food intake in response to NPY infused into the 3V. These midbrain data suggest a role for both medical 3nd lateral fibers in mediating the effects of NPY on food intake. Lateral fibers appear to be more important, but their transection only delays the time of onset of the stimulating effect of NPY to the second hour. Lateral knife cuts virtually abolish the effect of 4V NPY on stimulating water intake. 3V NPY in the presence of NPY has a less clear effect at 1 h, but mildly attenuated the NPY effect on water intake at 2 h in lateral knife cut rats. Medial knife cuts slightly attenuate the effect of 3V NPY on water intake. However, medial knife cuts markedly increased basal water ingestion. These studies demonstrate the importance of neuronal communications between third and fourth ventricle associated structures in the modulation of ingestive behaviour. Further, it appears that NPY, when infused either into the 3V or 4V, stimulates more than one pathway to modulate ingestive behavior.
Biologically self-assembled memristive circuit elements

Both TiO 2 and HfO 2 are common materials for semiconductor fabrication that have shown memristive properties. Nanoparticles of these metal oxides have great prospect to provide nanoscale materials with tunable electronic properties for integration in advanced circuits such as neuromorphic networks based on memristive crossbar elements. We seek to take advantage of the unique interaction between the phosphate end-group of DNA and Ti0 2 /Hf0 2 nanoparticles to enable a guided assembly of circuit elements via specific nucleotide sequences in a bottom-up fashion.
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Practice Parameters for the Child Neurologist

Guidance about how to practice child neurology has been around for decades. Recently, however, clinical practice guidelines, practice parameters, and standardized clinical assessment and management plans are gaining increasing attention. This overview, written for child neurologists, addresses such issues as the following: what are clinical practice guidelines, why are they needed, how are they created, how should they be created, how well are they accepted and adhered to, what influences acceptance and adherence, do guidelines improve care, do they reduce costs, will they be viewed by courts as the standard of care, how can they be updated and improved, and are there better alternatives?
Homoserine kinase and threonine synthase in methionine-overproducing soybean tissue cultures.

To gain understanding of the regulation of methionine level in plants, we assayed homoserine kinase and threonine synthase in extracts of wild type and several methionine-overproducing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] callus lines. The specific activity of homoserine kinase was depressed by 45–73%, and that of threonine synthase by 26–43% in the high methionine lines. Cysteine inhibited threonine synthase in wild type and variant lines. Threonine synthase in two variant lines showed significantly less inhibition by cysteine and in one line was inhibited by threonine. Depressed threonine synthase activity may increase the availability of homoserine phosphate to the competing methionine biosynthetic pathway.
The Accessory Tragus—No Ordinary Skin Tag

An accessory tragus can easily be treated by surgical excision. The results are quite satisfactory if care is taken to remove any protuberant portion of underlying cartilage. This lesion is rarely associated with other developmental defects of the first branchial arch.
Negative Public Perceptions of Juvenile Diabetics: Applying Attribution Theory to Understand the Public’s Stigmatizing Views

Despite a rise in the incidence of juvenile diabetes globally, little research has focused on public perceptions regarding its patients. The need to evaluate whether the public holds stigmatizing views is pressing when one considers the relatively young age of the patients of the disease. The current study extends the attribution theoretic framework to evaluate public stigma regarding juvenile diabetes. The findings suggest that a large percentage of individuals misattribute the causes of the disease and believe it is relatively rare and that its patients are personally responsible for contracting it. Individuals often utilize pejorative terms describing juvenile diabetes as a disease afflicting children who are lazy, unhealthy, fat, obese, lacking exercise, and having eating disorders.
Luminescent low-valent rhenium complexes with 1,2-bis(dialkylphosphino)ethane ligands. synthesis and X-ray crystallographic, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characterization.

A series of low-valent rhenium phosphine complexes with the general formula [Re(dmpe)3−x(depe)x]2+/+ (x = 0−3), where dmpe is 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane and depe is 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane, were synthesized and characterized. The reaction of [Re(benzil)(PPh3)Cl3] with the appropriate phosphine yielded the homoleptic tris complexes [Re(dmpe)3]+ and [Re(depe)3]2+, while the mixed-ligand complexes [Re(dmpe)2(depe)]+ and [Re(dmpe)(depe)2]2+ were prepared from [Re(dmpe)2Cl2]+ and [Re(depe)2Cl2]+, respectively. The oxidation state of the final product strongly depends on the donating properties of the ligand. Each complex, however, exhibits a diffusion-controlled, reversible one-electron transfer between ReI and ReII with formal reduction potentials, E°′, ranging from −0.09 to −0.28 V versus a ferrocene external standard. Subsequent oxidation to ReIII was found to be chemically irreversible. UV−vis and luminescence spectroelectrochemical techniques were used to study the spectral properties of the...
Rad26p, a transcription-coupled repair factor, promotes the eviction and prevents the reassociation of histone H2A-H2B dimer during transcriptional elongation in vivo.

We have recently demonstrated the formation of an atypical histone H2A–H2B dimer-enriched chromatin at the coding sequence of the active gene in the absence of Rad26p in vivo. However, the mechanisms for such a surprising observation remain unknown. Here, using a ChIP assay, we demonstrate that Rad26p promotes the eviction of histone H2A–H2B dimer and prevents the reassociation of the dimer with naked DNA in the wake of elongating RNA polymerase II at the coding sequence of the active GAL1 gene. Thus, the absence of Rad26p leads to the generation of an atypical histone H2A–H2B dimer-enriched chromatin at the active coding sequence in vivo.
Transitive group structure for the one-body Keplerian problem

IN SECTION 1, we extend the linearization and induced group structure algorithms developed in a previous paper [l] to the case where the global solution of a nonlinear 2n-dimensional dynamical system is known only in closed form for a reparameterization of the usual time-parameterization. Paralleling the previous development, a transitive invariance group structure, isomorphic to the special linear group in n + 2 real dimensions (SL(n + 2, R)), is explicitly given for all such 2ndimensional systems. With these necessary developments in hand, we consider in Section 2 Hamilton’s equations of motion for the Keplerian one-body problem (both attractive and repulsive forces are treated). The forms of the algorithms developed in Section 1 are applied to this example to globally linearize it and to derive an induced transitive group structure isomorphic to SL(5, R). These new results differ fundamentally from the extensive and important results of Bacry [2] and Gyiirgyi [3] because the bound (energy less than zero) and scattering orbits (energy greater than or equal to zero) for an attractive force are both included here in one transitive structure. This naturally leads to the larger 24-parameter SL(5, R) group structure obtained here rather than the 15-parameter SO(4,2) group structure they obtained.
Percutaneous Embolotherapy of Adolescent Varicocele: Results and Long-term Follow-up

Purpose The authors evaluated the technical success and immediate and long-term results of percutaneous varicocele embolotherapy in the adolescent population. Patients and Methods Fifty-nine adolescent patients were referred for outpatient spermatic venography and possible varicocele embolotherapy. Embolization was attempted with use of detachable balloons, coils, "sandwiched" dextrose, or a combination of these techniques. Data regarding follow-up were obtained through telephone inteviews or mailed questionnaires. Results The technical success rate for spermatic vein occlusion was 90%. Follow-up, obtained in 79% of the patients, ranged from 6 months to 8.75 years (mean, 4 years). Thirty-nine of 42 patients (93%) reported disappearance ( n = 31) or only a slight, asymptomatic residual varicocele ( n = 8). Three patients reported a recurrence of their varicocele. Complications occurred in three of 59 cases (5%), none had any long-term sequelae. In six cases, embolization was not feasible because of multiple collateral vessels or venous spasm. Conclusions Given the convenience of performing the procedure on an outpatient basis, the rapid recovery time, and long-term success and complication rates comparable to those with surgical ligation, we believe spermatic venography and percutaneous embolization is the treatment modality of choice for adolescent varicocele.
BIG RENIN IN PLASMA OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS ON HIGH SODIUM INTAKE

Normal human plasma contains not only active renin but also an inactive form of renin which, after exposure to low pH, can generate angiotensin I from renin substrate. When healthy volunteers were given first a diet containing 400 mmol sodium and then a diet containing 10 mmol sodium for 4 days the changes in salt intake stimulated large changes in active plasma-renin and smaller changes in inactive renin. Inactive renin comprises a larger fraction of total renin in plasma of salt-loaded healthy subjects than salt depleted subjects. When plasma of healthy men on a high-salt diet was applied to a column of 'Sephadex G-100', renin eluted in two peaks, corresponding to big renin (60 000 daltons) and normal renin of lower molecular weight (40 000 daltons). Active and inactive forms of renin were present in both peaks. Plasma from salt depleted healthy subjects showed a large single peak of renin activity with a maximum at 40 000 daltons. These studies demonstrate that both big and small renin can exist as inactive or active enzyme. Big renin, previously found in certain diseases and in pregnancy, is also present in normal human plasma. These observations suggest a possible physiological role for big renin.
Helium Enrichment and Carbon Ionization in the W3 Core

We present high-sensitivity images of the H92α, He92α, and C92α recombination line emission from H II regions in the Galactic radio source W3. Our 8.3 GHz VLA observations have 4'' resolution and sufficient sensitivity to image the carbon recombination line in four of the eight H II regions in the complex. Portions of W3A, the largest and probably most evolved of the H II regions, have a helium abundance as high as 20% by number (nearly twice the cosmic abundance) which confirms previous observations made with lower signal-to-noise ratios. W3A also shows large velocity gradients in the H92α line; we conclude that the gradient is probably caused by the evaporation of the dense molecular core associated with IRS 5. Near the edges of W3B and W3C, strong C+ emission is found where no hydrogen or helium line emission is detected. This C+ emission comes from the interface zone between the H II region and the surrouding molecular cloud. We show that the C+ velocity is more typical of the surrounding molecular cloud while the H+ and He+ velocities trace the ionized gas. A H92α velocity gradient is used as a probe of the gasdynamics in W3B; a model is proposed which explains the gradient. Despite the fact that W3C and W3D are separate H II regions, they apparently share a common C+ region; the C92α line intensity is up to 70% that of the H92α line. Three independent methods provide an electron temperature in the range of Te = 8000-9000 K for W3A; a wider range of values is derived for W3B and W3D. W3B shows signs (10 σ) of a decreasing radial electron temperature gradient.
Discriminative stimulus effects of d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and diazepam in humans.

Eight male community volunteers, who reported current psychomotor stimulant use, were trained to discriminate between the presence and absence of orally administeredd-amphetamine 30 mg. During daily experimental sessions, in which a single drug dose or placebo was tested, physiological and subjective measures were assessed and subjects indicated their discrimination by responding on an operant color-tracking procedure. During four test of acquisition sessions, discriminative responding indicated that all subjects learned the discrimination, andd-amphetamine produced physiological and subjective effects typical of psychomotor stimulants. Generalization testing then followed in which dose-response curves were determined for the following drugs:d-amphetamine (3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg), diazepam (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg), and methylphenidate (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg).d-Amphetamine and methylphenidate produced dose-related increases ind-amphetamine-appropriate responding, whereas no dose of diazepam substituted ford-amphetamine in any subject.d-Amphetamine and methylphenidate produced a similar pattern of subjective changes, including increased ratings of euphoria and drug liking and decreased sedation. In contrast, diazepam increased subjective scales of sedation and dysphoria. These results are consistent with similar studies testing animals and humans and demonstrate the utility of human drug discrimination research as an integral component of drug abuse liability testing.
Mitochondrial encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 (MT-ND5) gene point mutation presents as late onset cardiomyopathy.

a Cardiovascular Section and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States b Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States c BUSM Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States d Boston University Medical Campus Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
FN approximation of the solution to a singular integral equation of classical reactor physics

Abstract The iterated FN method is applied to a singular integral equation arising from a classical problem of reactor physics to determine the distribution of fissile material giving a spatially uniform flux. The FN iterations are accelerated toward convergence through the Wynn– ϵ algorithm – but first – Happy Birthday “Fast Eddie” Larsen Why do I refer to the well known, most proper and exquisitely accomplished Edward W. Larsen as “Fast Eddie”. Well our story begins in a small back bar room in the lobby of one of Los Alamos’ finest and most luxurious hotels. Two young men were having a transport theoretic discussion while they were engaged in a serious game of pool with monetary benefits going to the winner. In addition, the two were sipping their most favorite lavation in rather large quantities – one, a short stocky man with thinning hair, was sipping to forget the cost of his recent divorce, and the other, a shorter stockier man also with thinning hair, was drinking, well because he liked to drink and it just made him silly. As they continued their transport discussion, one stocky man turned to the other and said, “I wonder what “Fast Eddie” Larsen would say to our transport question”. The other stocky man immediately thought the “Fast Eddie” reference was to Paul Newman who played “Fast Eddie”, an expert at applied particle transport theory (a pool player) in the movie the Hustler and asked if indeed this was the case. The first stocky man said “No. I call everyone with the name Ed ‘Fast Eddie’ ” – and that’s the story of how “Fast Eddie” Larsen got his name. Happy 60th Ed and thanks for all the great transport theory – from one of your biggest fans.
Magnetic field study of the squashing collective mode in 3 He-B

The squashing mode in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$B$ has been studied in magnetic fields up to 160 mT. The ${J}_{z}=0$ state is observed to shift to lower temperatures in a field. An additional field dependence of the output is interpreted as the evolution of the ${J}_{z}=\ensuremath{-}1,\ensuremath{-}2$ states and is inconsistent with theoretical predictions.
Effect of prior differential taste experience on retention of taste quality

In Phase 1 three groups of rats had access to both 32% and 4%, only 32%, or only 4% sucrose solutions. In Phase 2 the first group received only 32%, the other groups remained as before; in Phase 3 all groups were shifted to 4% after a 1- or 10-day interval. In Phase 1 Group 32-4 showed both positive and negative contrast. In Phase 3 successive negative contrast occurred in both retention intervals, but was smaller after the 10-day interval. Following the 10-day interval (but not the 1-day interval), the group with differential experience in Phase 1 (Group 32-4) showed larger contrast than did Group 32-32. Results are discussed in terms of factors determining generalization and memory.
p38 MAPK Activation Is Downstream of the Loss of Intercellular Adhesion in Pemphigus Vulgaris

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially fatal blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against the desmosomal adhesion protein desmoglein (Dsg) 3. Whether autoantibody steric hindrance or signaling through pathways such as p38 MAPK is primary in disease pathogenesis is controversial. PV mAbs that cause endocytosis of Dsg3 but do not dissociate keratinocytes because of compensatory adhesion by Dsg1 do not activate p38. The same mAbs plus exfoliative toxin to inactivate Dsg1 but not exfoliative toxin alone activate p38, suggesting that p38 activation is secondary to loss of adhesion. Mice with epidermal p38α deficiency blister after passive transfer of PV mAbs; however, acantholytic cells retain cell surface Dsg3 compared with wild-type mice. In cultured keratinocytes, p38 knockdown prevents loss of desmosomal Dsg3 by PV mAbs, and exogenous p38 activation causes internalization of Dsg3, desmocollin 3, and desmoplakin. p38α MAPK is therefore not required for the loss of intercellular adhesion in PV, but may function downstream to augment blistering via Dsg3 endocytosis. Treatments aimed at increasing keratinocyte adhesion could be used in conjunction with immunosuppressive agents, potentially leading to safer and more effective combination therapy regimens.
The Development of Political Ideology: A Framework for the Analysis of Political Socialization

“Myself, I get confused. The President tells ya that he don't want no war, it's peace. You pick up a paper, they're bombing children. And television, the guys being interviewed, talking about peace, and the picture shows where the women and children are being bombed and slaughtered and murdered. How long if I think that way and I have had a bad feeling, how long will other people that their mentality's not strong enough, to separate the cause of it? Fear. What's gonna happen to our kids, our grandchildren?“Lotta them are afraid of their jobs, losing their jobs. Because the government's maybe got some contract with some company. For example, we got one fellow here works with the government, with this here carbonic gas or whatever it is. If he opens his mouth up too much, he can lose his job. And the senators or congressmen, they personally don't take interest in their own country, right here, what's going on.“The colored. We had a tavern on 61st and State, three and a half years, Negro neighborhood. I tell you I never was insulted no place by not a Negro person over there. They respected me highly. It took a white fella to come in and insult me because I wouldn't serve him beer, he was too drunk. And if it wasn't for these poor Negro fellas, I'd a probably killed this man. (Laughs) Because he called me a dirty name.”