cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Aspects of Medical Complexity and Work Relative Value Units (wRVUs) for Foot and Ankle Surgical Procedures.

Abstract Work relative value units (wRVUs) have been assigned to current procedural terminology codes in an effort to help establish physician compensation. However, the ability of these to accurately and efficiently capture the time, technical, and perioperative managerial aspects required of various procedures has recently been called into question for several surgical subspecialties. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate various measures of medical complexity against wRVUs for foot and ankle surgical procedures. The 2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was utilized to identify and extract data related to the perioperative medical complexity of 16 foot and ankle surgical current procedural terminology codes. We observed a “weak” positive relationship between wRVUs and operation time as defined by a correlation coefficient of 0.234 (p
Mixing of Markov Chains for Independent Sets on Chordal Graphs with Bounded Separators

We prove rapid mixing of well-known Markov chains for the hardcore model on a new graph class, the class of chordal graphs with a bound on minimal separator size. In the hardcore model, for a given graph G and a fugacity parameter \(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}^+\), the goal is to produce an independent set S of G with probability proportional to \(\lambda ^{|S|}\). In general graphs and arbitrary \(\lambda \), producing a sample from this distribution in polynomial time is provably difficult. However, natural Markov chains converge to the correct distribution for any graph, leading to the study of their mixing times for different graph classes. Rapid mixing for graphs of bounded degrees and a range of \(\lambda \)s dependent on the maximum degree has attracted attention since the 1990s. Recent results showed rapid mixing for arbitrary \(\lambda \) and two other classes of graphs: graphs of bounded treewidth and graphs of bounded bipartite pathwidth. In this work, we extend these results by showing rapid mixing in a new graph class, class of chordal graphs with bounded minimal separators. Graphs in this class have no bound on the vertex degrees, the treewidth, or the bipartite pathwidth. Similar to the results dealing with bounded treewidth and with bounded bipartite pathwidth, we prove rapid mixing using the canonical paths technique. However, unlike in the previous works, we need to process the data using a non-linear, tree-like, approach.
Effects of repeated adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke on cognitive outcomes in adulthood.

Background:Cannabis (marijuana) is the most widely used illicit drug in the USA, and consumption among adolescents is rising. Some animal studies show that adolescent exposure to delta 9-tetrahydro...
A visão afirmativa de Nietzsche na Segunda Consideração Extemporânea

Resumo: A Segunda consideracao extemporânea geralmente e tida em conta por filosofos e historiadores, em razao de sua critica ao que Nietzsche classifica como “doenca historica”, (“historische Krankheit”). Isso por uma boa razao: a critica de Nietzsche tem como alvo nao apenas a famosa triade composta por historiadores monumentais, antiquarios e criticos, mas tambem suas modalidades contemporâneas em historiografia e teleologia cientificas. O que frequentes vezes e desconsiderado e que o proprio Nietzsche expoe - ainda que numa retorica altamente estilizada - uma concepcao afirmativa da historia. Essa concepcao, como eu proponho, faz o leitor retornar ao enunciado que inaugura o livro, qual seja, o Ceterum Censeo, de Goethe. A demanda de Nietzsche de que a historia serve a vida e uma nova aplicacao da teoria de Goethe do crescimento morfologico como consequencia de forcas polares concorrentes para o reino da historia. Uma vez que Goethe tinha os organismos vivos como a crescer por meio de forcas em concorrencia, tambem Nietzsche entendia que os individuos e culturas cresciam por meio de uma historia considerada, acima de tudo, uma especie de arena competitiva em que se expressam impulsos antagonistas.
Antagonistic Pleiotropy in Mitochondria ROS Signaling Responses to Manganese

SUMMARY Antagonistic pleiotropy refers to opposing beneficial and adverse signaling by a single agent. Understanding opposing signaling is important because pathologic outcome can result from adverse causative agents or failure of beneficial mechanisms. To test for opposing responses at a systems level, we used a transcriptome-metabolome-wide association study (TMWAS) with the rationale that metabolite changes provide a phenotypic readout of gene expression, and gene expression provides a phenotypic readout of signaling metabolites. We incorporated measures of mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtOx) and oxygen consumption rate (mtOCR) with TMWAS of cells with varied manganese (Mn) concentration and found that adverse neuroinflammatory signaling and fatty acid metabolism were connected to mtOx while beneficial ion transport and neurotransmitter metabolism were connected to mtOCR. Each community contained opposing transcriptome-metabolome interactions, which were linked to biologic functions. The results show that antagonistic pleiotropy is a generalized cell systems response to mitochondrial ROS signaling.
The many mysteries that remain

The standard model of particle physics explains a lot of observations, but the strange nature of neutrinos isn't one of them, writes Chanda Prescod-Weinstein
Assessing the impact of municipal government capacity on recovery from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Abstract A municipality's level of public engagement and especially community involvement is associated with a greater rate of recovery in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria in 2017. This finding is based on an analysis of the relationship between the capacity of Puerto Rico's 78 municipal governments and their rates of post disaster-recovery, controlling for both exposure to Maria and pre-storm trends. Municipal capacity for community involvement may help activate social capital and the co-production of disaster recovery. Community involvement may increase trust among local officials and residents, increase government's knowledge of community priorities, and help residents access federal and state aid. Other measures of management capacity are not consistently associated with a faster rate of post-disaster recovery. The findings suggest that investing in municipal capacity for public engagement as part of disaster preparedness may provide benefits for disaster recovery. For researchers, the combination of original survey data and readily available post-disaster indicators provides a model for assessing recovery after disaster in the short term.
Into the void of discourse

Abstract In this conceptual essay, I propose a way of viewing silence or silent texts in discourse for educators and educational researchers who are facing the growing call to bring to light hidden biases, histories and other sociocultural phenomena largely hidden from public audiences. Specifically, I explore the potential affordances from going against the grain of the long and widely established view of silence as anything but void. Taking up the scientific notion of void as the known unknown, I examine what we can gain as educators and researchers when viewing silence as unexplored time-space of social matter, a view acknowledged long ago by literary giant James Baldwin. Using media about recent sociopolitical movements such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter, I explore the void of discourse–the unpublished works, hidden exchanges, and forgotten or misrepresented experiences that are brought forth through the guidance of those with respective cultural knowledge and expertise, once given the space to do so. Viewing silence as a discursive void positions the educational researcher as a co-learner who attends to the contextual aspects of social interactions with open acknowledgement of the racialized and gendered systems that bind our social spaces. Implications for epistemological approaches are discussed.
Sexual Harassment in Display Work: The Case of the Modeling Industry:

This feminist analysis focuses on sexual harassment within a specific category of jobs known as display work, where primarily women’s bodies are commodified and sold to consumers, and often through...
A Target for Increased Mortality Risk in Critically Ill Patients: The Concept of Perpetuity.

Background: Emergency medicine is acuity-based and focuses on time-sensitive treatments for life-threatening diseases. Prolonged time in the emergency department, however, is associated with higher mortality in critically ill patients. Thus, we explored management after an acuity-based intervention, which we call perpetuity, as a potential mechanism for increased risk. To explore this concept, we evaluated the impact of each hour above a lung-protective tidal volume on risk of mortality. Methods: This cohort analysis includes all critically ill, non-trauma, adult patients admitted to two academic EDs between 1 November 2013 and 30 April 2017. Cox models with time-varying covariates were developed with time in perpetuity as a time-varying covariate, defined as hours above 8 mL/kg ideal body weight, adjusted for covariates. The primary outcome was the time to in-hospital death. Results: Our analysis included 2025 patients, 321 (16%) of whom had at least 1 h of perpetuity time. A partial likelihood-ratio test comparing models with and without hours in perpetuity was statistically significant (χ2(3) = 13.83, p = 0.0031). There was an interaction between age and perpetuity (Relative risk (RR) 0.9995; 95% Confidence interval (CI95): 0.9991–0.9998). For example, for each hour above 8 mL/kg ideal body weight, a 20-year-old with 90% oxygen saturation has a relative risk of death of 1.02, but a 40-year-old with 90% oxygen saturation has a relative risk of 1.01. Conclusions: Perpetuity, illustrated through the lens of mechanical ventilation, may represent a target for improving outcomes in critically ill patients, starting in the emergency department. Research is needed to evaluate the types of patients and interventions in which perpetuity plays a role.
Parametric analysis of anodic degradation mechanisms for fast charging lithium batteries with graphite anode

Abstract We report the impact of the temperature-driven synergistically-coupled anodic degradation mechanisms on the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries with graphite anode over multiple cycles. Temperature dependence of electrochemical reactions and damage mechanisms, such as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, lithium plating/stripping, dead lithium storage/dissolution, and film cracking are incorporated into the degradation model. Results of a parametric analysis are presented, evaluating the effects of charging rates (1–6 C), operating temperatures (-15 – 45℃) and electrode design parameters, on the relative performance fade in the lithium-ion battery. Thermo-electrochemical process maps are developed to provide insights into the relationship between electrode performance and failure mechanisms. The simulation results predict a severe capacity loss due to lithium plating at low temperatures, which is further aggravated at high charging rates. A common strategy for mitigating lithium plating, through charging at high temperatures, also results in rapid capacity loss due to accelerated SEI formation. Simulation results are used to identify the combination of operating conditions and electrode design parameters that improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. These results demonstrate an opportunity to design safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries, guided by anodic degradation models.
Recreating the Massasoit Spring House with 3Dimensional Modelling

The history of cultural landmarks has abundant examples for educational enlightenment. Yet hundreds, if not thousands, of sites have yet to achieve this notoriety, often given the lack of funding t...
Federated Analysis of Neuroimaging Data: A Review of the Field

The field of neuroimaging has embraced sharing data to collaboratively advance our understanding of the brain. However, data sharing, especially across sites with large amounts of protected health information (PHI), can be cumbersome and time intensive. Recently, there has been a greater push towards collaborative frameworks that enable large-scale federated analysis of neuroimaging data without the data having to leave its original location. However, there still remains a need for a standardized federated approach that not only allows for data sharing adhering to the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) data principles, but also streamlines analyses and communication while maintaining subject privacy. In this paper, we review a non-exhaustive list of neuroimaging analytic tools and frameworks currently in use. We then provide an update on our federated neuroimaging analysis software system, the Collaborative Informatics and Neuroimaging Suite Toolkit for Anonymous Computation (COINSTAC). In the end, we share insights on future research directions for federated analysis of neuroimaging data.
Composable ad hoc location-based services for heterogeneous mobile clients

This paper introduces a comprehensive architecture that supports adapting a client device's functionality to new services it discovers as it moves into a new environment. Users wish to invoke services – such as controlling the lights, printing locally, gaining access to application‐specific proxies, or reconfiguring the location of DNS servers – from their mobile devices. But a priori standardization of interfaces and methods for service invocation is infeasible. Thus, the challenge is to develop a new service architecture that supports heterogeneity in client devices and controlled objects while making minimal assumptions about standard interfaces and control protocols. Four capabilities are needed for a comprehensive solution to this problem: (1) allowing device mobility, (2) augmenting controllable objects to make them network‐accessible, (3) building an underlying discovery architecture, and (4) mapping between exported object interfaces and client device controls. We motivate the need for these capabilities by using an example scenario to derive the design requirements for our mobile services architecture. We then present a prototype implementation of elements of the architecture and some example services using it, including controls to audio/visual equipment, extensible mapping, server autoconfiguration, location tracking, and local printer access.
How the Indians Lost Their Land: Law and Power on the Frontier

Between the early 17th Century and the early 20th, nearly all the land in the United States was transferred from American Indians to whites. This dramatic transformation has been understood in two very different ways - as a series of consensual transactions, but also as a process of violent conquest. Both views cannot be correct. How did Indians actually lose their land?
Human Factors in Highway Design, Operation and Safety Problems

On several urban freeways, peak hour traffic leads drivers to operate vehicles at time spacing less than their fastest emergency reaction time. Therefore, factors affecting speed and accuracy of driver judgment and response have become critically important. Experimental studies have shown how driver perception, judgment, and response time (measured by driver lag in acceleration and deceleration) can be affected by highway design features. Experimental studies of factors affecting driver responses when combined with mathematical analyses based on such driver-vehicle-highway responses may explain differences in maximum traffic flow at which self limiting stoppage occurs without adequate physical causes in heavy traffic.Other human engineering data already available or obtainable through specialized studies suggest ways of obtaining more efficient driver-vehicle-highway-and-environment interrelationships and, thereby, more efficient and safer operation of highways. Examples of such information and studies ar...
CLUSTERING AND LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE WITH THE SDSS

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will provide a complete imaging and spectroscopic survey of the high-latitude northern sky. The 2D survey will image the sky in five colors and will contain nearly 5 x 107 galaxies to g ~ 23m. The spectroscopic survey will obtain spectra of the brightest 106 galaxies, 105 quasars, and 103.5 rich clusters of galaxies (to g~18.3-19.3m, respectively). I summarize some of the science opportunities that will be made possible by this survey for studying the clustering and large-scale structure of the universe. The survey will identify a complete sample of several thousand rich clusters of galaxies, both in 2D and 3D - the largest automated sample yet available. The extensive cluster sample can be used to determine critical clustering properties such as the luminosity-function, velocity-function, and mass-function of clusters of galaxies (a critical test for cosmological models), detailed cluster dynamics and W(dyn), the cluster correlation function and its dependence on richness, cluster evolution, superclustering and voids to the largest scales yet observed, the motions of clusters and their large-scale peculiar velocity field, as well as detailed correlations between x-ray and optical properties of clusters, the density-morphology relation, and cluster-quasar associations. The large redshift survey, reaching to a depth of 600h-1 Mpc, will accurately map the largest scales yet observed, determine the power-spectrum and correlation function on these large scales for different type galaxies, and study the clustering of quasars to high redshifts (z 4). The implications of the survey for cosmological models, the dark matter, and W are also discussed.
Differential response of rat limb bones to strenuous exercise.

We examined the influence of a strenuous exercise regimen on tibial and metatarsal bones to show not only how the geometric, histological, and mechanical properties of immature bone respond to strenuous exercise but also how long bones within the same limb may respond differentially to exercise. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk old) were divided randomly into two groups: a sedentary control (n = 15) and an exercised group (n = 15). The exercise intensity was 80-90% of maximum oxygen capacity 5 days/wk for 10 wk. Mechanical properties of tibia and second metatarsus (MT) were determined with three-point bending, and contralateral bones were used for geometric and histological analyses. Length and middiaphyseal cross-sectional geometry of the exercised tibiae were significantly less than controls, but material properties were not different. The exercised tibiae had significantly lower structural properties (e.g., loads at the proportional limit and maximum and energy at failure load). The middiaphyseal dorsal cortex of exercised MT was significantly thicker than controls, but tensile stress at the proportional limit and elastic modulus of exercised MT were significantly less than controls. The average number of osteons and osteocytes per unit area of the tibial middiaphysis was significantly greater in the exercised group--especially in lateral and posterior cortices. The number of osteons and osteocytes per unit area in the MT, however, was significantly less in the exercised group. The differential effects of strenuous exercise on tibia and MT suggest that local loading and bone-specific responses have important roles in modulating the response of immature bone to strenuous exercise.
Conflicting bureaucracies, conflicted work : Dilemmas in case management for homeless people with mental illness

This ethnographic study finds a case management agency torn between the rules of two conflicting bureaucracies. Funded by a federal grant, the agency is administered by the county, and the regulations of the two systems turn out to be incompatible. This conflict creates dilemmas in providing services to clients : meeting eligibility criteria for services from the federal grant meant the clients did not meet the eligibility criteria for many County services. Agency staff reacted to this dilemma by bending rules, finding loopholes, and investing extra time and emotional labor in each client. The role-conflict engendered by bureaucratic disjunction creates frustration, resentment, and burnout within the agency
Coupled-inductor rectification and cycloconversion

AC-to-DC rectifiers and polyphase AC-to-DC cycloconverters are derived from the basic DC-to-DC converters by the addition of negatively coupled inductors with a minimal number of switching devices. The circuits also use space and time-multiplexed magnetics to handle the multiple inputs and outputs. The application of current-programming linearizes the duty ratio control, improves the output and input waveforms, reduces the small-signal transfer function to a first-order system, and speeds the response to pulse-load variations. >
1,4:5,8‐Dimethano‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐9,10‐dimethoxyanthracenium hexachloroantimonate

InChI = 1S/C18H22O2.6ClH.Sb/c1-19-17-13-9-3-5-11(7-9)15(13)18(20-2)16-12-6-4-10(8-12)14(16)17;;;;;;;/h9-12H,3-8H2,1-2H3;6*1H;/q+1;;;;;;;+5/p-6 InChIKey = RKTATNLREBIIIC-UHFFFAOYSA-H (reagent used as one-electron oxidant for wide variety of organic and organometallic compounds). Alternate Name: Orange-CRET (Orange Cation Radical for Electron Transfer). Physical Data: UV-vis (dichloromethane), λmax = 518 (ɛ518 = 7300 M−1 cm−1) and 486 (shoulder) nm, E°red = 1.11 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. Solubility: dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile. Form Supplied in: brick-red solid. Purification: crystallization from a mixture of dichloromethane and toluene at −10 °C.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can be stored in a glass bottle for years without significant decomposition provided that it is protected from moisture. Undergoes decomposition on prolonged exposure to air and moisture.
Factors Influencing Efficacy of Bilayered Cell Therapy

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that fail to heal with standard care should be treated with advanced wound care products. Efficacy of advanced therapies is dependent on many factors. A secondary analysis of pivotal trial data for a bilayered cellular construct used in the treatment of DFU was undertaken to determine if glycemic control and other factors had an effect on time to healing. Approach: We analyzed the effect of age, gender, diabetes type, insulin usage, body mass index, smoking, initial and ending glycohemoglobin (HgbA1c), Charcot deformity, and wound area, duration, and location on likelihood of healing for wounds treated with bilayered cellular construct (BLCC). Results: In those treated with BLCC, initial wound area (cm2), age, and history of Charcot deformity were found to significantly affect healing. Neither initial HgbA1c nor change in HgbA1c was associated with healing. The bilayered product was found to be equally effective regardless of initial or change in HgbA1c levels (p-val...
Responsible recreation planning in Gatineau Park, Québec

Outdoor recreation management increasingly occurs in messy situations that are typified by contested or ambiguous goals and lack of agreement on cause–effect relationships. In Gatineau Park, Canada, a shift in park purpose from a nature park as presented in the 1990 Master Plan to a conservation park as presented in the 2005 Master Plan has created a dichotomy between park visitation and conservation and it has sparked significant discord about how to manage recreation in the park. In response to this messy situation, a recreation management planning process was initiated in 2008 and a modified rational/transactive planning approach was developed to guide phase one of the planning and public consultation process. Using Gatineau Park as a case study, the purpose of this article is to critically assess its utility for recreation management. The results provide lessons related to satisfying the dimensions of successful planning, increasing shared ownership, collecting negative feedback, testing proposed mana...
Mortality of Second-Generation Immatures of the Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The naturally occurring mortality of eggs and larvae of second-generation southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), in Kansas irrigated field corn, Zea mays L., was investigated. During 1983, corn plants in the study plots averaged 35.4 southwestern corn borer eggs per plant. Egg mortality was 33.2%; egg through third larval stage mortality was 86.2%; and 96.8% mortality occurred from egg through large larval stages. During 1984, plants in the study plots averaged 6.1 eggs per plant. Egg stage mortality was 32.6%; egg through third larval stage mortality was 87.2%; and 87.2% mortality occurred from egg through large larval stages. Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley) was the most significant factor contributing to egg mortality, accounting for 21.9% of total mortality in 1983 and 28.2% of total mortality in 1984.
Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer

After more than two decades of rising rates, in recent years the total kidney cancer incidence worldwide has shown signs of stabilizing, or even decreasing. In adults, kidney cancer consists of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the predominant form, and renal transitional cell carcinoma (RTCC); these types primarily arise in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis, respectively. Although temporal trends by kidney cancer type are not well established worldwide, incidence of RCC in the US has continued to rise, mainly for early-stage tumors, while that of RTCC has declined, and total kidney cancer mortality rates have leveled. Stabilization of kidney cancer mortality rates has also been reported in Europe. These trends are consistent with reports of increasing incidental diagnoses and a downward shift in tumor stage and size in clinical series. The changing prevalence of known risk factors for RCC, including cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension, is also likely to affect incidence trends, although their relative impact may differ between populations. Accumulating evidence suggests an etiologic role in RCC for physical activity, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, and high parity among women, but further research is needed into the potential causal effects of these factors. Genetic factors and their interaction with environmental exposures are believed to influence risk of developing RCC, but a limited number of studies using candidate-gene approaches have not produced conclusive results. Large consortium efforts employing genome-wide scanning technology are underway, which hold promise for novel discoveries in renal carcinogenesis.
Robust natural language analysis

Our basic goal is the development of more robust systems for extracting information from natural language text. A robust system is one which is able to extract at least partial information despite the presence of ill-formed or unexpected syntactic, semantic, or discourse structures. Our approach has two aspects: First, we incorporate a rich set of syntactic, semantic, and discourse constraints, so that one type of constraint can guide us to a correct analysis even if another type is violated. Second, we provide mechanisms for relaxing individual constraints, and for scoring alternative analyses, so that the analysis violating the fewest constraints (and therefore, presumably, the best analysis obtainable for a sentence) will be selected.
Behavior problems of handicapped adolescent female students

Adolescent girls aged 12 through 16 years, identified as either educable mentally retarded, behaviorally disordered, learning disabled, or nonhandicapped, were rated by their teachers on the Behavior Problem Checklist. Analysis of these ratings revealed significant differences for pupil category, Behavior Problem Checklist dimension, and category-by-dimension interaction. Behaviorally disordered students showed a greater degree of maladjustment than the retarded and nonhandicapped students on all four checklist dimensions, and exceeded the learning disabled on three dimensions (not Personality Problem). Implications for further research and special educational practices based on the present findings are discussed.
Modulating rhodopsin receptor activation by altering the pKa of the retinal Schiff base.

The visual pigment rhodopsin is a seven-transmembrane (7-TM) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Activation of rhodopsin involves two pH-dependent steps: proton uptake at a conserved cytoplasmic motif between TM helices 3 and 6, and disruption of a salt bridge between a protonated Schiff base (PSB) and its carboxylate counterion in the transmembrane core of the receptor. Formation of an artificial pigment with a retinal chromophore fluorinated at C14 decreases the intrinsic pKa of the PSB and thereby destabilizes this salt bridge. Using Fourier transform infrared difference and UV−visible spectroscopy, we characterized the pH-dependent equilibrium between the active photoproduct Meta II and its inactive precursor, Meta I, in the 14-fluoro (14-F) analogue pigment. The 14-F chromophore decreases the enthalpy change of the Meta I-to-Meta II transition and shifts the Meta I/Meta II equilibrium toward Meta II. Combining C14 fluorination with deletion of the retinal β-ionone ring to form a 14-F acyclic artifici...
Analyzing seat belt usage from accident data: An evaluation of Click It or Ticket enforcement campaigns in Ohio

Intensive traffic enforcement has been shown to promote the compliance of roadway motorists and reduce traffic violations. However, prior research on seat belt enforcement has generally neglected the analysis of belt usage in non-fatal accidents, usage by backseat passengers, and usage during nighttime hours. In addition, few studies have examined the effectiveness of blitz campaigns and, to date, none has included usage statistics involving accident victims—individuals at an increased risk of belt non-use. This study sought to include these factors in evaluating whether Ohio’s annual Click It or Ticket seat belt enforcement campaign positively impacted belt use in a 60 day, pretest/post-test experiment over five separate years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. Data were collected from all 88 Ohio counties based upon official police reports of seat belt usage by occupants in motor vehicle accidents regardless of crash severity, occupant seating, or time of day. The results indicate that belt usage increa...
Subcortical Substrate of Autonomic and Psychological Stress

The present study was designed to investigate the thesis that both autonomic and psychological stress are related to the degree of parkinsonian symptom-severity, and further, that the psychological...
Training Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors in Group Dynamics: A Psychoeducational Model

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors often head interdisciplinary teams composed of various medical, educational, and allied health care professionals. Issues stemming from team dynamics can impede the delivery of services to eligible clients with disabilities. A psychoeducational program for training VR counselors in group dynamics is described, and the reactions of participants are discussed
The Fear of Freedom: Rafael Alberti's Marinero en tierra

… [le] Paradis perdu […] n'est que l'apologie de la Revolte Honore de Balzac, Illusions perdues I have always been surprised that so few of Alberti's exceptionally thorough commentators have felt the need to consider in any depth what seems to me to be the most obvious question with regard to the psychological motivation behind the poet's ‘primer libro organico de poemas’,1 Marinero en tierra (1924): why is it that a grown man chooses to write poetry that is childhood orientated?2
QUANTUM PARRONDO GAMES: BIASED AND UNBIASED

Although the dissipative character of thermal diffusion, which is modelled by Parrondo games, might seem necessary to achieve the "paradoxical" behaviour corresponding to ratcheting, quantum Parrondo games with similar properties can be constructed. There are subtle differences, however, which manifest themselves in distinct asymptotic behaviours for biased and unbiased games.
Structural changes revealed by Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses underlie tNOX periodic oscillations.

A recurring pattern of spectral changes indicative of periodic changes in the proportion of β-structure and a-helix of a recombinant ECTO-NOX fusion protein of tNOX, with a cellulose binding domain peptide, was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses. The pattern of structural changes correlated with oscillatory patterns of enzymatic activities exhibited by the protein previously interpreted as indicative of a clock function. The pattern consisted of a repeating pattern of oscillations with a period length of 21 min with five maxima (two separated by 5 min and 3 separated by 4 to 4.5 min) within each 21 min repeat. Oscillatory patterns were not obvious in comparable FTIR or CD spectra of albumin, ribonuclease or concanavalin A. The period length was constant at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45° C (temperature compensated) and oscillations occurred independently of substrate presence. Spectra obtained in deuterium oxide yielded a longer period length of 26 min both for oscillations in enzymatic activity and absorbance ratios determined by FTIR. Taken together the findings suggest that the regular patterns of oscillations exhibited by the ECTO-NOX proteins are accompanied by recurrent global changes in the confor mation of the protein backbone that directly modulate enzymatic activity. Abbreviations: ECTO-NOX, cell-surface and growth-related NADH oxidase with protein disulfidethiol interchange activity; tNOX, tumor-associated and drug-responsive ECTO-NOX of cancer cells; CNOX, constitutive and drug-unresponsive ECTO-NOX of noncancer cells; ttNOX(CBD), fusion protein of a truncated form of tNOX and a cellulose binding domain peptide (CBD) expressed in E. coli; Capsaicin, 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide; HMG-CoA, 2-hydroxy-2-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary (cells); COS, SV40-transformed African monkey kidney (cells); MAPE, mean average percentage error; MAD, mean average deviation; MSD, mean standard deviation.
Long-term outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors originating from lung cancer.

Background Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has emerged as an important treatment option for metastasis brain tumors (MBTs). However, the long-term outcome of GKRS on MBTs originating from lung carcinoma is not well understood. The treatment of MBTs derived from lung cancer with GKRS at our institution is reviewed. Methods We performed a retrospective review (2000-2013) of 173 patients with MBTs from lung cancer who received GKRS. Out of 173 patients, 38 patients had recurrent tumors after microsurgical resection and whole brain radiotherapy (WBT). Results GKRS in MBTs metastasized from lung carcinoma showed significant variations in tumor growth control (decreased in 79 [45.7%] patients, arrested growth in 54 [31.2%] patients, and increased tumor size in 40 [23.1%] patients). The median survival in the study population was 14 months. Overall survival after 3 years was 25%, whereas progression-free survival after 3 years was 45%. The predictive factors for improving survival in the patients with MBTs were recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class I (P = 0.005), absence of hydrocephalus (P = 0.001), Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) >70 (P = 0.007), age ≤65 (P = 0.041), tumor size ≤3 cm (P = 0.023), controlled primary tumor (P = 0.049), and single number of MBTS (P = 0.044). Conclusion Long-term follow-up revealed that GKRS offers a high rate of tumor control and good overall survival period in both new and recurrent patients with MBTs originating from lung carcinoma. Thus, GKRS is an effective treatment option for new patients with MBTs from lung cancer, as well as an adjuvant therapy in patients with recurrent MBTs derived from lung cancer.
The Politics of Education in the Post-Brown Era: Race, Markets, and the Struggle for Equitable Schooling

Purpose: In this essay, we examine the racial politics of education in the six decades after Brown. We consider the state of educational policy in an era in which market reform advocates often invoke the spirit of the Brown decision even as the Supreme Court has largely vacated the legal framework provided by Brown to desegregate schools. Background: Educational policy post-Brown has focused largely on expanding market reforms such as school choice, high-stakes testing, and federal and state accountability mechanisms in lieu of the radical shifts in the distribution of educational opportunities for which Brown called. Setting: We discuss these market-oriented trends in San Francisco and Philadelphia. Findings: While many of these interventions have contributed to the growing racial, linguistic, and socioeconomic segregation in public education, efforts to realize more just and democratic schooling persist in these same urban school districts. Conclusion: We conclude with a call to educational leaders to p...
Nonscanning computed tomography imaging spectropolarimeter (NS-CTISP): design and calibration

The Non-Scanning Computed Tomography Imaging Spectropolarimeter (NS-CTISP) is a novel imaging spectropolarimeter developed for snapshot imaging and collection of the four Stokes hyper-cubes. The patent pending NS-CTISP builds upon the computed tomography concepts proven in earlier imaging spectrometers and imaging spectropolarimeters by utilizing a combination of two-dimensional spectral dispersion and division of aperture polarization analysis to acquire all data necessary to estimate the Stokes hyper-cubes without scanning in spatial, spectral or polarimetric dimensions. A custom quadrant polarization analyzer and tetrahedron prism are used in tandem to perform aperture division and polarization analysis on each of the four pupils. Equations are developed which link the computed tomography spectral reconstruction and polarimetric calibration allowing the determination of Stokes vectors at each waveband. NS-CTISP is spectrally and polarimetrically calibrated by measuring the system’s spectral and polarimetric response to a radiating object having a small spatial extent, limited spectral bandwidth and a pure polarization state using a monochromator, fiber and polarization state generator. Iterative techniques are used to solve a linear imaging equation, where the solution provides input into the polarization calibration. Preliminary estimates of calibration fundamental accuracy indicates the average Stokes parameter error for central wavebands is on the order of 1.4-1.8 percent. A simple pseudo-object is created using two different fiber images each having a different polarization and reconstructed with average Stokes parameter error ranging from 0.7% to 3.2%. A suite of data acquisition, reconstruction and display programs have been developed in Interactive Data Language (IDL) to support NS-CTISP development.
Changes in hemostasis activity during delivery and theimmediate postpartum period

Summary Postpartum deep vein thrombosis is believed to be related to increased activation of the hemostasissystem at the time of delivery. To date, studies designed to test this hypothesis have had relatively small sample sizes or used the measurement of specific coagulation factors and functional tests reflecting hemostasis activity in vitro . With the use of recent technologic advances we determined the effect of delivery on hemostasis in vivo by measuring 11 hemostatic indices simultaneously in 70 healthy pregnant women. Significant increases were found in fibrinopeptide A ( p p p
On malleability in the genetic code

To explain now-numerous cases of codon reassignment (departure from the “universal” code), we suggest a pathway in which the transformed codon is temporarily ambiguous. All the unusual tRNA activities required have been demonstrated. In addition, the repetitive use of certain reassignments, the phylogenetic distribution of reassignments, and the properties of present-day reassigned tRNAs are each consistent with evolution of the code via an ambiguous translational intermediate.
Relationship between the grid size and the coefficient of lateral eddy viscosity in the finite difference computation of the linear vorticity equation in the ocean

The finite difference analog of the linear vorticity equation for the mass transport in the ocean does not hold good unless the grid size is smaller than a certain number.
Biochemical and immunological properties of related small ruminant trophoblast interferons.

The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the biochemical and immunological properties of caprine interferon tau (cIFNτ), 2) to determine if intrauterine injection of recombinant ovine interferon tau (roIFNτ) extends CL life span in goats, and 3) to evaluate potential side effects of intramuscular (im) administration roIFNτ. Caprine IFNτ was purified, and its effects on lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into newly synthesized DNA was suppressed (P<0.05) by cIFNτ. Spanish goats were also fitted with bilateral uterine catheters at Day 7 or 8 postestrus. The goats received twice-daily intrauterine injections of 100 μg roIFNτ (n = 4) or caprine serum proteins (n = 4) from Days 14 to 18 postestrus. Intrauterine injection of roIFNτ extended CL life span compared with that of control goats (26.4 ± 1.7 vs 17.8 ± 1.9 d, respectively; P<0.01). Potential side effects of intramuscular injections of roIFNτ were also evaluated. Goats received 0, 1, 2 or 4 mg of roIFNt on Days 10, 13, 16 or 19 of the estrous cycle. Treatment of goats with roIFN resulted in hyperthermia (P<0.01), with rectal temperatures of 40.5°C recorded after 4 h and returning to normal (38.5°C) after 24 h. Concomitant with the increase in rectal temperatures was a decrease (P<0.01) in plasma progesterone concentrations. Therefore, the tau interferons of goats and sheep have similar biological properties and roIFNτ has side effects associated with other classes of interferons.
A faster algorithm for a due date assignment problem with tardy jobs

The single-machine due date assignment problem with the weighted number of tardy jobs objective, (the TWNTD problem), and its generalization with resource allocation decisions and controllable job processing times have been solved in O(n^4) time by formulating and solving a series of assignment problems. In this note, a faster O(n^2) dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for the TWNTD problem and for its controllable processing times generalization in the case of a convex resource consumption function.
Popular support for the prison build-up:

A substantial build-up in prison capacity and the use of incarceration in the USA began in the mid-1970s and continued through to the end of the century. Researchers generally agree that a broad-based social movement supported the build-up, but disagree over the core features of the movement. Some researchers argue that it was the by-product of social discontents associated with rapid social change. Other researchers contend that the movement was an instance of purposeful people seeking solutions to a problem. Across several data sets, little evidence is found to support the position that advocates of the prison build-up had suffered from recent social changes. Instead, the evidence suggests that people supported the build-up for instrumental reasons.
Conditional multivariatk calibration

The problem of simple linear calibration is not new and dates back to the late 1930's. In 1982 Brown presented a number of important results for the multivariate case. In this paper we extend Brown's work to cover the situation where one is interested in calibrating for an unknown q-vector X on the basis of an observed p-vector Y given that k≥l components of X are fixed in advance. An outline of the theoretical development in the multivariate normal case will be given and the procedure illustrated with the application to previously published data.
A stylistic basis of Burkeian identification

This article contends that many analyses utilizing the Burkeian concept of identification emphasize the ideational sources of consubstantiality contingent upon the content and context of discourse; receiving less attention is Burke's perception of a complementary formal identification evolving not so much from the lexical “matter” of discourse as from the syntactical features of its “manner” or style—regardless of content. In this attempt to clarify a stylistic basis of identification, one facet of the rhetorical effectiveness of form is explicated in terms of redundancy and the decreased information and predictability of some symbols in sequences. Admittedly, idiomatic syntax achieves a relative redundancy. The salient point emerging from this explication, however, is that identification, in the Burkeian view, may be facilitated by yet increased redundancy achieved by stylistic manipulation in favor of uncommon but more formalized syntactical patterns. Some dimensions of that functionalism are then explored.
Optical activity of hexaaquo metal(II) ions in chiral crystals. III. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of laevorotatory cobalt-doped α-Zn(H2O)6SeO4

Abstract The crystal structure and absolute configuration of cobalt-doped α-Zn(H2O)6SeO4 has been determined by X-ray diffraction, using the method of Bijvoet pairs. The structure is isomorphous with α-Ni(H2O)6SO4. A value of R
The initial atmospheric behavior of radon decay products

The chemical and physical properties of218Po immediately following its formation from222Rn decay are important in determining its behavior in indoor atmospheres and play a major part in determining its potential health effects. In 88% of the decays, a singly charged, positive ion of218Po is obtained at the end of its recoil path. These ions can interact with water vapor or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may exist in indoor air. The ions can be neutralized by 3 different mechanisms, small-ion recombination, electron transfer, and electron scavenging. In typical indoor air, the ion will be rapidly neutralized by transfer of electrons from lower ionization potential gases such as NO2. The neutral molecule can then become incorporated in ultrafine particles formed by the radiolytic processes in the recoil path. These particles will typically be formed by the presence of the air ions produced by the passage of the emitted α-particle through ion-induced nucleation. In addition these energetic ions can react with water molecules to produce hydroxyl radicals. Thus, the decay of the radon nucleus produces a variety of effects and can result in changes in the size of the radioactive species that includes the radon progeny.
HIV Prevention in Women: Next Steps

The recently published Caprisa 004 trial of tenofovir 1% gel used intravaginally to prevent HIV was an impressive success (“Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women,” Q. Abdool Karim et al. , Research Articles, 3