cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Indispensability of Philosophy in the Struggle to Develop an Alternative to Capitalism

Does philosophy “as such” become redundant with the advent of the Marxian critique of capital, or does it become indispensable in light of the need to grasp and transcend the logic of capital? This question has given rise to interminable debates in the history of Marxism, as seen in the tendency to reduce Marxism to positive “science,” on the one hand, and the effort to affirm the enduring importance of philosophy by thinkers ranging from Gramsci to the Frankfurt School, on the other. What has largely been neglected, however, is the existence of a distinctive branch of Marxism in the United States that grappled with this question, as seen in the work of Raya Dunayevskaya. This paper will explore how debates over the role of philosophy, which played a decisive role in the Johnson-Forest Tendency of the 1940s and early 1950s, led Dunayevskaya to develop a variant of Marxism that affirms philosophy as a special form of consciousness that remains indispensable for grasping the truth of the world.
Corticosteroid Treatment in Unresolving ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury, having a multi-factorial etiology characterized by rapid development of severe diffuse and non-homogenous inflammation of the pulmonary lobules leading to life-threatening hypoxemic respiratory failure. We have tested a therapeutic intervention on a previously defined pathophysiological model of ARDS (1). The model was defined by investigating during the longitudinal course of ARDS, the relationship among the three fundamental elements of a disease process: pathogenesis, structural alterations, and functional consequences (2). In these studies, we provided biological and morphological evidence indicating that ARDS patients failing to improve after one week of mechanical ventilation (unresolving ARDS) have intense and protracted pulmonary and systemic inflammatory and neo-fibrogenetic activity. In a controlled study, prolonged methylprednisolone (MP) treatment in patients with unresolving ARDS was associated with a significant reduction in (a) laboratory indices of inflammation and fibrogenesis, (b) physiological severity of ARDS, and (c) mortality. Our findings indicate that the failure of older trials investigating massive doses of MP in early ARDS was attributable to the short duration of administration.
Farmer Mental Health in the US Midwest: Key Informant Perspectives.

In this study, we seek to illuminate: (1) the ways farm service providers and mental health professionals understand the drivers of farm stress, (2) the strategies, challenges, and opportunities fa...
Working with Large and Complex Datasets

The purpose of this lesson on working with large and complex datasets is to provide a realistic demonstration of how R is used for challenging analyses, challenging because the dataset is fairly large, challenging because there are many variables requiring attention, challenging because there are missing data, challenging because certain subjects require special accommodation, challenging because selected data in the original dataset need to be put into filtered subsets, etc. Fortunately, R can accommodate these challenges, as demonstrated in this lesson and the accompanying addenda. Give special attention to the way different Boolean-type selection processes are used to address focused inquiries of importance for subjects in selected breakout groups, as opposed to large-scale analyses against the entire dataset.
Abstract 16504: Low Disturbed Flow Induces Dynamic Immune Compartment Alterations in Atherogenesis as Revealed by Single Cell Rna-seq

Low disturbed blood flow (LDF) is a critical contributing factor to atherogenesis but its direct impact on the immune compartment was not well-depict. To fill this knowledge gap, we adopted scRNA-s...
Fisher use of postfire landscapes: implications for habitat connectivity and restoration

The relationship between fishers (Pekania pennanti), fire, and fuel management in the Sierra Nevada region is complex and highly controversial, and the recent listing of southern Sierra Nevada fishers as endangered has brought this issue to the forefront for many land managers. While wildfire is a natural component of the historic disturbance regime in the dry, mixed conifer forests of California, it also has the capacity to destroy large swaths of suitable habitat and to fragment tenuous populations, particularly given recent shifts in wildfire scope and severity. Therefore, balancing fuel reduction with habitat conservation requires careful consideration of spatial and temporal context, cumulative effects, and management prescriptions. There are several unresolved questions pertaining to fishers, including how and when fishers begin to reuse postfire landscapes and whether this information can be applied to postfire efforts to restore habitat connectivity and limit negative impacts of population fragmentation. To better understand fisher response to postfire landscapes, and to provide land managers with guidance regarding habitat restoration efforts, we investigated fisher recolonization behavior in and around 2 recent Sierra Nevada wildfires. We hypothesized that fisher use of postfire landscapes would be driven by at least 1 of 4 primary variables: prefire habitat quality, fire severity, topography, and time since fire. We developed 5 hypotheses regarding how fishers would begin to explore postfire landscapes and tested them using a combination of fine- and coarse-scale analyses based on data collected using scat detection dogs. At fine scales, the strongest relationship we observed was the combination of fire severity and landscape curvature on fisher scat location. At coarser scales, fisher colonization rates reflected avoidance of areas dominated by higher-severity fire, and fishers had a higher probability of being found in areas with larger and more contiguous patches of low-severity fire. Our results suggest that fisher use of postfire landscapes may center on low-severity or unburned islands (i.e., fire refugia/fire skips) and on fine-scale topographic features associated with landscape concavity, such as ravines or topographic depressions. Efforts to promote a sustainable low- to mixed-severity fire regime that creates habitat heterogeneity and forest resiliency can support fisher conservation in this region, and restoration efforts that capitalize on connecting fire refugia using microtopography as a foundation may facilitate habitat connectivity for fishers more rapidly than traditional methods.
The Role of Liver Fluke in Infertility of Beef Cattle

This study was initiated to determine the effect of liver flukes on the reproductive performance of beef cattle. Results are based on field studies with naturally infected cattle in Texas and Idaho and a study with experimentally infected cattle. Attention was called to the problem because poor reproduction was a consistent finding in selected herds with liver fluke infections.
Manipulation of Dietary Intake on Changes in Circulating Testosterone Concentrations

Elevations in the circulating concentration of androgens are thought to have a positive effect on the anabolic processes leading to improved athletic performance. Anabolic-androgenic steroids have often been used by competitive athletes to augment this effect. Although there has been concerted effort on examining how manipulating training variables (e.g., intensity and volume of training) can influence the androgen response to exercise, there has been much less effort directed at understanding how changes in both macronutrient and micronutrient intake can impact the androgen response. Thus, the focus of this review is to examine the effect that manipulating energy and nutrient intake has on circulating concentrations of testosterone and what the potential mechanism is governing these changes.
Digital Twins Enabled Remote Laboratory Learning Experience for Mechatronics Education

Laboratory intensive assignments and hands-on skills are important components in Mechatronics and Control Engineering by their nature. Like many other educational services, lots of the contents including laboratory studies are switched to remote learning due to COVID-19. In this work, the need for remote laboratory assignments is transformed into an opportunity to use Digital Twins in the education effectively. Laboratory assignments are designed on top of the concept of Digital Twin applications for the course “ME-142: Mechatronics” at the University of California, Merced. Basic mechatronics simulation skills are enhanced using the foundational applications in MATLAB/Simulink. After students reached high confidence level in the simulation environment, the concept of Digital Twins is introduced for subsequent laboratory assignments consisting identification, modeling, analysis, controller design and validation. Through the end of the semester, students are expected to work in groups of six for the course project to create their own applications of Digital Twin for a variety of systems. Finally, Digital Twin applications are posted online using MATLAB Web App Server to enhance accessibility and compensate the lack of hardware interaction.
Experimental Writing On Recent Mass Shootings

In 2017 the author published a poem about a mass shooting in Orlando where forty-nine people died. Two shootings in March 2021 in Atlanta and Boulder, where eighteen people total were killed, have ...
Portal Vein Contribution to the Right and Left Lobes of the Liver Using MRI and CFD

Chronic liver disease, which ultimately results in cirrhosis of the liver, is a growing and deadly problem in the United States. Liver disease preferentially occurs in the right lobe of the liver, inhibiting the ability of the right lobe to function. The left lobe of the liver can then grow to compensate for the loss of function. These pathophysiologic changes may be seen in the hemodynamics of the portal vein. This study seeks to utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate hemodynamic changes in the portal vein in relation to liver volume.
Bacillus species pseudobacteremia traced to contaminated gloves used in collection of blood from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Ten nonpathogenic Bacillus isolates were obtained from blood cultures collected over a 2-year period. Eight of these isolates were from patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and seven were recovered from blood cultures obtained in outpatient clinics. Five cases occurred during a 5-month period. These five cases were clinically evaluated, and the Bacillus isolates were characterized. The same Bacillus species was isolated from nonsterile gloves from the same lot worn by phlebotomists for blood collection in the outpatient clinics during this period, implicating the gloves as the cause of this pseudoepidemic. Awareness of the nonsterile nature of gloves used by laboratory personnel should be considered in the evaluation of Bacillus spp. in blood cultures. Images
Ionizing radiation effects in MOS devices and circuits

Historical Perspective (H. Hughes). Electron--Hole Generation, Transport, and Trapping in SiO2 (F. McLean, et al.). Radiation--Induced Interface Traps (P. Winokur). Radiation Effects on MOS Devices and Circuits (P. Dressendorfer). Radiation--Hardening Technology (P. Dressendorfer). Process--Induced Radiation Effects (T. Ma). Source Considerations and Testing Techniques (K. Kerris). Transient--Ionization and Single--Event Phenomena (S. Kerns). Index.
Outsiders: American Short Stories for Students of ESL

Literature for Discussion: A Reader for Advanced Students of English as a Second Language. John F. Povey
Los Alamos high‐power proton linac designs

Proton accelerators for driving transmutation applications have beam power requirements in the range 40 MW to 400 MW, which corresponds to energy and current performance requirements in the range 800 MeV to 1600 MeV, and 50 mA to 250 mA. Linear accelerator designs aimed at providing these performance levels have been studied at Los Alamos for the past few years. Appropiate accelerator architectures have been developed, using the existing technology base for water‐cooled‐copper linacs, and key technical issues have been identified and addressed.
Jackknife Avoidance in Large Trucks Using Active Front Steering

Active Front Steering (AFS) systems have recently been introduced for passenger vehicles to improve handling stability under adverse road. conditions. AFS provides a mechanism to augment the steering angle with a small displacement actuator. In this configuration, the steering angle of the front wheels is the combined input of the handwheel with an additional small angle component from an electronically controlled actuator. This paper investigates AFS for large trucks to assist in avoiding jackknife conditions. Emphasis is given to design aspects to minimize the tendency of AFS systems to interfere with the driver's perception of the vehicle responsiveness.
Looking at Motion Pictures (Revised)

I shall begin this essay by sketching some Wittgenstein-influenced arguments as to why the causal theory of perception is inadequate. However my main concern is to explore the ramifications for pictorial perception of understanding perception in terms of the causal theory. When \'our ordinary notion of perceiving\' is characterized in terms of the existence of a causal connection between an object perceived and our sensory experience of that object the case of pictorial perception generates a paradox
Estimating concentrations in plumes released in the vicinity of buildings: model development

A model is developed for near-field diffusion of effluents released on and near buildings. The model consists of low- and high-speed diffusion increments to the dispersion parameters in a Gaussian plume model. Building wake turbulence and diffusion data are used to evaluate model parameters. These data indicate that the low wind speed diffusion increment is both appropriate and necessary. They also indicate that the high-speed increment is appropriate, but that it is unnecessary. A companion paper compares model concentration predictions with measured concentrations, with concentrations predicted by standard wake models, and with concentrations predicted by alternative, non-Gaussian models designed to estimate bounding concentrations in building wakes. The model is shown to be conservative and predict concentrations in the vicinity of buildings better than other models.
The Management of Volcano Emergencies: Nevado del Ruiz

This chapter analyzes the circumstances and events that contributed to the loss of 23 000 lives in the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz catastrophe, providing useful guidelines for the management of future volcano emergencies. The presentation is organized into two principal sections. The first is a condensed chronicle of events and actions taken from November 1984 through to November 1985 that provides the background for the crucial events of November 13. In the second section, factors are evaluated that influenced the catastrophic outcome, and lessons are identified to avoid similar future occurrences.
Transport of the ventricular assist device-supported patient: a case series.

Critical care interfacility transport can challenge the skill set of the most experienced medical transport personnel andtheir medical directors. With the movement of increasingly sophisticated int...
Robustness in complex systems

The paper argues that a common design paradigm for systems is fundamentally flawed, resulting in unstable, unpredictable behavior as the complexity of the system grows. In this flawed paradigm, designers carefully attempt to predict the operating environment and failure modes of the system in order to design its basic operational mechanisms. However, as a system grows in complexity, the diffuse coupling between the components in the system inevitably leads to the butterfly effect, in which small perturbations can result in large changes in behavior We explore this in the context of distributed data structures, a scalable, cluster-based storage server We then consider a number of design techniques that help a system to be robust in the face of the unexpected, including overprovisioning, admission control, introspection, adaptivity through closed control loops. Ultimately, however, all complex systems eventually must contend with the unpredictable. Because of this, we believe systems should be designed to cope with failure gracefully.
The Nature of Biblical Faith

inadequate and can easily be misleading, it may serve to focus our attention on the reason faith is needed. The verse says that "faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen." These words do not mean that faith is merely a psychological state or that man by independent ability can create what does not exist and so supply what he wants. The chapter goes on to speak of God as the One who creates the world, calls men, gives them promises, and "rewards those who seek him" as surely as he judges those who disobey. What the verse really says is that man is finite; he lives under limitations and in a world where the best he has glimpsed is opposed and often thwarted; he faces an uncertain future with no visible proof that his hopes will be realized; and yet he has a sense of a greater reality than he can demonstrably see or expect, and so in faith he breaks out of the prison of the finite and the present and lives with courage because the wider horizon shows him the better future and the larger world of God. The continually recurring problem of human sin is not noted here, but it is clear that faith is needed because man is finite, limited, opposed, thwarted, and placed before the solid iron curtain of the unknown future.
Predicting the Onset of Cigarette Smoking in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

In a longitudinal study, the second-year-smoking status of adolescents who were initially Nonsmokers or Triers was predicted from their Year 1 standing on three types of social psychological variables: Ajzen and Fishbein's factors (predicting smoking transitions from attitudes, normative beliefs and behavioral intentions about smoking); Jessor and Jessor's distal variables (predicting smoking transitions from more generalized personality and perceived environment factors), and smoking environment variables (predicting smoking transitions from the extent of smoking models in an adolescent's social milieu). The predictive power of these three categories of factors was compared. All three classes of social psychological variables were statistically significant predictors of smoking transition, although the Ajzen and Fishbein variables were more important for Triers while the Jessor and Jessor and smoking environment variables were more important for initial Never Smokers. Moreover, each category of variables made independent contributions to the prediction of smoking transition. Finally, there were several age and sex differences in the relative importance of predictor variables. Implications of these findings for the design of effective smoking prevention programs are discussed. Smoking prevention programs might be more effective if they were aimed at a specific high risk audience (as identified by the current study) rather than at a general adolescent population.
EEG sleep variables of rheumatoid arthritis patients

Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently complain of poor sleep quality and quantity. The purpose of this research was to determine the electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep variables of rheumatoid arthritis patients at different stages of RA disease activity and to compare the EEG sleep variables of RA patients to an age- and gender-matched control group. The subjects included 15 RA patients (11 female and four male) and 12 control subjects (nine female and three male). The sleep data of five RA patients who were in flare were compared with the sleep data of five age- and gender-matched control subjects. Sleep data of ten RA patients who were in a state of nonflare were compared to seven age- and gender-matched control subjects. Data analysis indicated that RA patients in flare had statistically significant lower sleep efficiency scores and had spent more time awake during the night when compared to control subjects. Both RA flare and nonflare groups demonstrated fragmented sleep patterns due to frequent awakenings and frequent sleep stage changes.
Has fine-needle aspiration biopsy changed thyroid practice?

Objective: To assess the influence of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy on the management of nodular thyroid disease. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the effect of the availability of FNA biopsy on thyroid surgical practice at our institution by comparing the data for two study periods--1975-1976 (before the introduction of FNA) and 1985-1986 (5 years after its introduction). Results: The study inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 1,451 patients. In 1975-1976, 938 patients had thyroid operations at our institution. FNA biopsy was introduced into our practice in 1980. In 1985-1986, 513 patients underwent a thyroid surgical procedure. Before the FNA era, the frequency of carcinoma in patients selected for thyroidectomy was 18%, whereas after FNA became available, it increased to 25% (P< 0.0001). When patients were selected for surgical treatment because of either "suspicious" or malignant cytologic results, the yield of carcinoma increased to 40%. Conclusion: These data suggest that FNA biopsy has i...
No Desynchronization among Four Circadian Rhythms in the Unicellular Alga, Gonyaulax polyedra

The phase relationships among several circadian rhythms in the unicellular alga Gonyaulax polyedra remained unchanged during several weeks under constant conditions. A 6-hour exposure to darkness shifted the phase of all rhythms similarly. The Q10 for the frequency of three of these rhythms had been shown previously to be approximately the same and furthermore less than 1. These facts may mean that all these rhythms are the outputs of a single "master oscillator."
Signal detection by the PhoQ sensor-transmitter. Characterization of the sensor domain and a response-impaired mutant that identifies ligand-binding determinants.

The PhoP-PhoQ two-component system is required for virulence and/or regulatory stress responses in enteric bacteria. The PhoQ protein responds to low concentrations of extracellular divalent cations by activating PhoP-mediated transcription of a set of genes. PhoQ is a member of a family of transmembrane proteins that contain a periplasmic sensor domain coupled to a cytoplasmic transmitter domain. Here, we describe the cloning, purification, and properties of a fragment of Escherichia coli PhoQ corresponding to the sensor domain. This fragment is monomeric in solution and has a circular dichroism spectrum indicative of a mixture of αhelix and β-sheet. Divalent cations do not affect the oligomeric state, circular dichroism spectrum, or fluorescence spectrum of the sensor domain but do stabilize this domain to denaturation in a fashion expected for a direct binding model. We have also constructed a mutant in which a cluster of acidic amino acids (EDDDDAE) in the sensor domain is replaced with conservative, uncharged residues (QNNNNAQ). The mutant sensor domain is indistinguishable from wild type in terms of oligomeric form and spectral properties but differs in being substantially more stable to urea denaturation, showing no additional stabilization in the presence of divalent cations, and showing little activation of PhoP-mediated transcription in response to divalent-cation starvation in vivo. These data are consistent with a model in which divalent cations bind to the acidic cluster of the wild-type sensor domain and stabilize a conformation that is inactive in signaling. Substituting uncharged residues for the acidic cluster appears to mimic the effect of divalent-cation binding by stabilizing the inactive conformation.
Framework for Lubricant Chemistry-Sensitive Wear Modeling

The life of an automotive engine is often limited by the ability of its components to resist wear. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is an engine oil additive that reduces wear in an engine by forming solid antiwear films at points of moving contact. The effects of this additive are fairly well understood, but there is little theory linking the kinetics of the tribo-film chemistry with rates of film formation and removal. This lack of dynamic modeling makes it difficult to predict the effects of wear at the design stage for an engine component or a lubricant formulation. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework for an engineering model for the formation and evolution of ZDDP antiwear films based on the relevant chemical pathways and physical mechanisms at work.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The WTS Report on the Current Status of Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background The purpose of this work was to assess career demographics, professional activities, and career satisfaction of board-certified female cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States, 50 years after certification of the first women diplomats by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery (ABTS). Methods All ABTS-certified women were surveyed anonymously in December 2010, using surveymonkey.com. Questions were in five categories: demographics, training, practice activities, activities of nonpracticing cardiothoracic surgeons, and career satisfaction. Respondents were grouped by year of certification: group 1 (1961 to 1999) and group 2 (2000 to 2010). Broad comparisons to the entire thoracic surgery workforce were based on The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and American Association for Thoracic Surgery 2009 practice survey. Results Of the 204 living female diplomats, 190 were surveyed, as 14 (7%) were unavailable owing to lack of contact information. Survey response rate was 64% (121 of 190). Mean respondent's age was 48 years (range, 35 to 74), with the majority being Caucasian (94 of 121). Women spent a mean of 9.1 years in training, and 56% (68 of 121) reported non–Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education training time. Duration of training and resultant debt has increased over time, as respondents in group 1 (n = 52) reported training for 8.5 years versus 9.5 years in group 2 (n = 68; p = 0.01), and a doubling of graduates with educational debt more than $100,000 from 19% to 41%, respectively ( p = 0.003). The average number of years in practice was 8 (range, 1 to 30), with the majority working in urban setting (65 of 106), in group practices of 2 to 10 surgeons (82 of 106), and as the sole female surgeon in their group (84 of 106). Of the 54 women with academic appointments, more than 60% (33 of 54) are at the instructor or assistant professor level, but 18% (10 of 54) are full professors. Nearly a third (16 of 54) have secured research funding, and 20% (11 of 54) have protected research time. Job satisfaction is high, with 64% (76 of 118) reporting being always or almost always satisfied with their career, and fewer than 9% (11 of 118) would choose a different career. Although demand on time is the greatest source of dissatisfaction, workplace politics for group 1 and lack of support for group 2 are significant issues. Only 12 respondents are no longer practicing, with the majority leaving because of retirement, health issues, or career advancement. Conclusions Women represent a minority of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. The numbers in academic versus private practice are roughly equal, with high levels of job satisfaction in both. Importantly, 90% of surveyed women remain in practice and are academically productive; 50% entered the profession in the past 10 years. The exponential increase in the number of women in the field over the past 10 years provides optimism for continued recruitment.
RNA-Binding Patterns in Total Human Tissue Proteins: Analysis by Northwestern Blotting

We have developed a reproducible Northwestern (NW) blotting method to identify general patterns of RNA-binding proteins in total human tissue homogenates and have identified some of the factors contributing to this reproducibility. Unfractionated homogenates of human brain tissue were separated by SDS-PAGE, electrotransferred wet to nitrocellulose, and probed with in-vitro-transcribed labeled RNAs. Approximately ten size classes of RNA-binding proteins were observed consistently and reproducibly. Although sequence-independent electrostatic RNA-protein interactions likely contributed to most of the binding, binding to some proteins was shown to be more dependent on protein conformation: binding was not blocked by preincubation with single- or double-stranded DNA, nor with poly(A) RNA, but preincubation with tRNA revealed a distinct subset of RNA-binding proteins. In addition, preincubation with RNA, but not DNA, revealed a previously undetected RNA-binding protein of approximately 90 kDa. The NW blotting method described here can be used to reveal tissue-specific differences in RNA-binding patterns.
Autologous blood transfusion in the pediatric patient

The use of autologous blood has been encouraged by blood banks and transfusion services for the past 10 years, mainly because of public concern over the safety of blood. The virtues include reduced likelihood of reactions to transfused blood and reduction or elimination of the risk of alloimmunization and transfusion transmitted diseases such as hepatitis C and the human immunodeficiency virus. The pediatric patient population has been largely excluded from published series on autologous blood usage. In this article, the literature on the use of autologous blood in pediatric patients is reviewed, and some considerations for collecting autologous blood from smaller patients are addressed, including the volume of blood to collect from smaller patients. Based on the experience reported in the literature, patients as young as 6 years of age may be candidates for autologous blood donation before a scheduled surgical procedure. Other methods to provide autologous blood for pediatric patients are discussed, including intraoperative hemodilution and intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage. By considering all the potential options available to pediatric patients, the likelihood of requiring transfusion of allogeneic blood can be reduced, along with the associated risks.
DISTRIBUTION OF CESIUM-137 AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE IN DOGS AND MICE.

SummaryThe tissue distribution of Cs137 after chronic administration is markedly similar in mice and dogs. The highest concentration is found in muscle, while fat, blood, skin, and bone have lower concentrations. Other tissues tend to conform to the concentration in the whole body, which is less than in muscle and more than in fat. Differences in whole bone concentration are due in part to the state (red or fatty) and quantity of marrow; for example, dog ribs have a higher concentration than dog femurs.
Polypoid eosinophilic gastritis.

A solitary inflammatory polyp of the stomach characterized by an eosinophilic infiltrate, fibrosis, and granuloma formation is a rare entity. The clinical and histologic findings of this lesion are distinctly different from those of diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis. It is not related to eosinophilic granuloma of the lung or bone. Although the polyp may cause epigastric pain or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, it is often an incidental finding. Simple excision is adequate treatment.
Mineral variation in anorthositic, troctolitic, and adamellitic rocks of the Barth Island layered structure in the Nain anorthosite complex, Labrador

The Barth Island layered structure is an oval, 6 by 9 km body, consisting of rhythmically layered adamellitic rock in the center which grades outward through jotunite into troctolite. Farther outward the sequence repeats itself in reversed order, strongly reduced in magnitude and finer grained; the adamellitic zone is followed by jotunite which grades into coarse-grained leuconorite and into anorthosite of the Nain complex. The Barth Island structure, having an inverted conical base topped by a hemispherical depression, seems to represent a distorted sequence of rock layers with troctolite at the bottom, grading upward into adamellitic rocks which grade into anorthosite at the top. Trend-surface analysis demonstrates the regional variation of plagioclase and orthopyroxene compositions in the troctolite—adamellite sequence of the central part of the structure. The fits for the second- and third-degree surfaces are good and significant at the 99 percent level. The regression line for compositional variation in coexisting plagioclase and orthopyroxene in all analyzed rocks has a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.78. The difference between the trends in the troctolite—adamellite sequence and the anorthosite—adamellite sequence is insignificant. The regression curve for compositional variation in coexisting orthopyroxene and olivine has a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.98. The curve shows good correlation with the experimentally established partitioning curve of Medaris, which indicates that equilibrium conditions prevailed during formation of the olivine—ortho-pyroxene pairs. The results suggest that the troctolite—adamellite sequence and the anorthosite—adamellite sequence are products of fractional crystallization, possibly from the same parental magma.
Analysis of unreplicated three-way classifications, with applications to rater bias and trait independence

The seven analysis-of-variance mean squares for an unreplicated three-way classification may be written as linear combinations of a mean variance and three mean covariances. Formulas are presented for computing the mean variances and mean covariances from linear combinations of mean squares. The relevance of these formulas for assessing rater biases and trait independence is discussed, a numerical example is provided, and proposed extensions are briefly noted.
Indian Castle Shale: late synorogenic siliciclastic succession in an evolving Middle to Late Ordovician foreland basin, eastern New York State

Abstract The thick, organic-rich, Indian Castle Shale, is a major component of the greater Utica Shale basinal facies succession associated with the Taconian Orogeny. Detailed correlations of numerous Indian Castle sections, presented herein, are based on physical matching of numerous altered ash layers (K-bentonites) coupled with use of submarine discontinuities and other distinctive beds. Several important trends are observed: first, the Dolgeville Formation extends eastward into the eastern Mohawk Valley region (Hoffmans Fault area) lithologically separating an older Utica division (Flat Creek Shale) from Indian Castle Shale proper. Second, Indian Castle Shale strata are observed to overlap the regional top-Dolgeville and post-Trenton disconformity towards the northwest. Third, the lower part, and possibly the upper part, of the Indian Castle succession is differentially thickened in the west-central Mohawk Valley region due to differential subsidence and syntectonic fault activity. Fourth, the lower part of the Indian Castle Shale succession in the central-to-eastern part of the Mohawk Valley region continues to thin slightly with little evidence for major eastward transition of Utica facies into turbiditic Schenectady deposits. Fifth, K-bentonitic beds, many displaying distinctive sedimentological features, are clustered in intervals of apparent Indian Castle stratigraphic condensation. Ashes also display an overall upward decrease in abundance within the Indian Castle Shale succession. These patterns indicate that Indian Castle deposition, influenced by lithospheric flexural processes, localized fault activity and eustatic fluctuations, occurred when the foreland basin was maximally developed. Indian Castle deposition was probably linked to a collisional tectophase of Taconian overthrusting.
Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiography

Transoesophageal cardiography, in which the ultrasound probe is passed down the patient's oesophagus, has substantially improved the quality of the images of heart chambers and structures previously difficult to view using transthoracic echocardiography. This text is designed for those contemplating the purchase of a multiplane transducer and those introducing multiplane into their clinical practice.
Acute hospital discharge of older patients and external control.

This article examines acute hospital discharge planning processes and Lhe constraints imposed by external control, including third party payors and PSRO. Analysis suggests that availability of third party payment for services dominates the discharge plan. From the professional perspective, in-home services are often planned and provided only to the extent they meet the requirements of medical necessity; from the lay perspective, the services most required are those which preserve the social context. As a consequence, care providers, patients, and significant others become "caught" in regulations often unrelated to a reasonable plan of care designed to meet patient and family needs.
A representation theorem for weak automorphisms of a universal algebra

Given a group G and a descending chainG0,G1,...,Gn, of normal subgroups ofG, we prove that there exists a universal algebra\(\mathfrak{A}\), such that the chain ...⊲Wn(\(\mathfrak{A}\))⊲...⊲W1(\(\mathfrak{A}\)})⊲ W0(\(\mathfrak{A}\))⊲W(\(\mathfrak{A}\)) is isomorphic to the chain ...⊲Gn⊲ ...⊲G1⊲G0⊲G, where W(\(\mathfrak{A}\)) is the group of weak automorphisms of\(\mathfrak{A}\), and Wn(\(\mathfrak{A}\)) is the group of weak automorphisms of\(\mathfrak{A}\) that leaves alln-ary operations fixed.
Bott periodicity via simplicial spaces

We give a proof of complex Bott periodicity that uses some of the general ideas of Segal and Quillen on classifying spaces [I, 2, 41. We attempt to understand which essential properties of the complex numbers and the unitary group are responsible for the periodicity, as contrasted with general facts on classifying spaces and linear groups over general topological rings (i.e., we compare complex K-theory and general algebraic K-theory). From this point of view the only essential properties of the complex numbers are: the “spectral theorem” (n x n unitary matrices can be diagonalized) and the fact that the Stiefel manifold of k-frames in Cd” is highly connected for large IV.
Approaches to Modeling Weathered Regolith

Sustainable soils are a requirement for maintaining human civilizations (Carter and Dale 1974; Lal 1989). However, as the “most complicated biomaterial on the planet” (Young and Crawford 2004), soils represent one of the most difficult systems to understand and model with respect to chemical, physical, and biological coupling over time (Fig. 1⇓). Figure 1. A schematic picture of the “weathering engine” at the Earth’s surface. This weathering engine is part of the Critical Zone that extends from the vegetation canopy down through the saturated zone. The regolith-bedrock interface lowers at the weathering advance rate, ω. The rate of removal of material at the surface is the erosion rate, E . Some regolith profiles grow with time in a transient mode while others may attain steady state where ω = E . As shown, many physical, chemical, and biological processes combine to control regolith in the Critical Zone. Climatic, anthropogenic, and tectonic forcings affect these processes; the sum total of weathering processes can then be read in changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and pedosphere. [Used with permission of the American Geophysical Union from Anderson et al. 2004.] Despite the complexity of these interactions, certain patterns in soil properties and development are universally observed and have been used in soil science as a means for classification. Elemental, mineralogical, or isotopic concentrations in soils plotted versus depth beneath the land surface comprise such patterns. Soil depth profiles are often reported for solid soil materials, and, less frequently, for solutes in soil pore waters. These profiles cross a large range in spatial scales that traditionally have been studied by different disciplines. For example, shallow, biologically active horizons are commonly defined as the soil zone in agronomic studies whereas the mobile layer of the regolith is referred to as soil in geomorphological studies. …
Same-sex sexuality and postsecondary outcomes: the role of high school locale

This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine how high school locale moderates the association between same-sex sexuality (SSS) and postsecondary outcome...
DSM-5 and the General Definition of Personality Disorder

There is a fundamental change proposed for DSM-5 in the general definition of personality disorder, representing a new conceptualization that shapes how the DSM distinguishes personality pathology from other undesirable or negative personality features. The change is needed due to serious deficiencies in the current DSM-IV approach. Specifically, personality disorder is to be conceptualized as impairment in both self organization and interpersonal relating, caused by pathological (extreme) personality traits. This represents progress in that marked impairment in self organization and interpersonal relating are plausibly characteristic of personality disorder. However, the required level of impairment remains too low, and the kinds of impairment are not restricted to those which indicate disorder versus culturally undesirable features. Moreover, extreme traits are neither necessary nor sufficient for personality disorder because personality represents not the sum of traits but the holistic organization of traits and other meanings. The DSM-5’s diagnostic focus on traits thus potentially opens the way to massive false positive diagnoses. An earlier proposal to reframe personality disorders using global similarity matching of the patient’s condition to prototypical descriptions of specific personality disorders is argued to also lead toward less valid diagnoses.
Dr. Sonia Skarlatos and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute translational research and resource programs.

Abstract Sonia I. Skarlatos, PhD (September 28, 1953–August 6, 2013), was the deputy director of the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). This article reviews her work in establishing, leading, or facilitating extramural translational research programs supported by the NHLBI, specifically focusing on her work as a consistent advocate for the advancement of gene and cell therapies.
Cocrystallization of Proinsulin and Insulin

THE occurrence of small amounts of proinsulin in crystalline preparations of bovine, porcine, and rat insulin1–4 and the many similarities in properties of proinsulin and insulin prompted us to consider the possibility that proinsulin co-crystallizes with insulin. Spectral5 as well as immunological6 studies have provided evidence that the insulin moiety in proinsulin has a very similar conformation to that of insulin, and proinsulin exhibits the same tendency to form dimers in acidic solution and higher polymers, mainly hexamers, in neutral solutions containing zinc ions7. Studies on crystals of proinsulin by Low and coworkers8 have confirmed the presence of dimers in the unit cells of these crystals. All these observations suggest that the connecting polypeptide segment in proinsulin is oriented away from those surfaces involved in dimer and hexamer formation.
A conformational change in phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase induced by a shift in pH.

Abstract The fluorescence of NADH bound to phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-phosphoglycerate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.95) decreased by 42% between pH 8.5 and 7.0. Serine, an allosteric inhibitor, quenched the fluorescence of enzyme-bound NADH by 29% at pH 8.5, but not at all at pH 7.0. The kinetics of the fluorescence change which occurred when the pH of an enzyme-NADH solution was rapidly shifted from 8.5 to 7.0 was measured using stopped-flow fluorimetry. The kinetics were first order, with a rate constant of 2.83 s−1. This rate constant was similar in magnitude to the rate constants for fluorescence quenching at pH 8.5 by saturating concentrations of serine and glycine, another allosteric inhibitor (Dubrow, R. and Pizer L.I. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1527–1538). These results indicate that the conformation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase at pH 7.0 is similar to, but not identical with, the serine-induced conformation at pH 8.5
A weight off your mind

Abstract Essential Cell Biology by B. Alberts, D. Bray, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and P. Walter, Garland Publishing, 1998. $65.95 (740 pages) ISBN 0 8153 2045 0
Rank One Perturbations at Infinite Coupling

Abstract We discuss rank one perturbations A α = A + α(φ,·)φ, α ∈ R , A ≥ 0 self-adjoint. Let d μα( x ) be the spectral measure defined by (φ, ( A α - z) −1 φ) = ∫ d μ α ( x )/( x - z ). We prove there is a measure d ρ ∞ which is the weak limit of (1 + α 2 ) d μ α ( x ) as α → ∞. If φ is cyclic for A , then A ∞ , the strong resolvent limit of A α , is unitarily equivalent to multiplication by x on L 2 ( R , d ρ ∞ ). This generalizes results known for boundary condition dependence of Sturm-Liouville operators on half-lines to the abstract rank one case.
Extensive cortical depth measurements and neuron size increases in the cortex of environmentally enriched rats

This study is another in a series of investigations attempting to define the changes in the brain as a consequence of environmental manipulation. Cortical depth and neuron size measurements were taken on brains of rats from enriched (ECT) and impoverished (IC) environments. Celloidin embedded, 10 μ, transverse sections of formalin fixed rat brains were stained wiith thionin. Ten representative sections from each brain were taken, utilizing subcortical landmarks to insure uniform sampling. Cortical depths were measured on microslide projected drawings beginning at the midline and proceeding laterally. The number of readings per hemisphere ranged from 41 to 46. The greatest increases in depth were found in the sections from the posterior commissure landmark. At this position the increases in four regions, proceeding medially to laterally, were as follows: A, 5.2% (p < 0.001); B, 6.3% (p < 0.001); C, 3.2% (p < 0.01); D, 1.6% (NS). Perikarya and nuclear size measurements were taken with a planimeter on microfilm projected outlines. The cortex was divided into upper, middle and lower levels, and within each third, cell size increases were noted, with the outer third showing the greatest increases. The ECT perikarya were greater than the IC by 17.7% (p < 0.001) in the upper level, by 7.2% (p < 0.05) in the middle level, and by 11.6% (p < 0.01) in the lower level.
Similitude study for a laminated cylindrical tube under tension, torsion, bending, internal and external pressure Part II: scale models

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the validity of scale model development testing and predict the laminated cylindrical tube behavior under tensile, torsion, bending, internal and external pressure load. Similitude theory is used to develop the necessary similarity conditions. In the amplitude approach, the coefficients of the governing differential equation for the prototype and the model of the prototype are compared to develop scaling laws. For composites, these scaling laws depend not just on geometry, but also on constituent properties and the laminate stacking sequences. The model tubes were loaded under scaled test conditions until catastrophic failure. Data acquired included load, strain measurements and non destructive evaluation of damage mechanisms.