cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of mineral reactive surface area variation on simulated mineral reactions and reaction rates

Abstract Reactive transport modeling is an essential tool to simulate complex geochemical reactions in porous media that can impact formation properties including porosity and permeability. However, simulating these reactions is challenging due to uncertainties in model parameters, particularly mineral surface areas. Imaging has emerged as a powerful means of estimating model parameters including porosity and mineral abundance, accessibility and accessible surface area. However, these parameters, particularly mineral accessible surface area, vary with image resolution. This work aims to enhance understanding of the impact of image resolution and other means of estimating mineral reactive surface area on simulated mineral reactions and reaction rates. Mineral surface areas calculated from images with resolutions of 0.34 μm and 5.71 μm were used to simulate mineral reactions in the context of geologic CO2 sequestration in the Paluxy formation at the continuum scale. Additional simulations were carried out using BET surface areas collected from the literature and geometric surface areas. Simulations were run for 7300 days and mineral volume fractions and effluent ion concentrations tracked and compared. Variations in mineral surface areas measured from images are within 1 order of magnitude and yield similar simulation results, indicating the impact of image resolution on simulated reactions and reaction rates is minimum for the resolutions and sample considered. In comparison, surface areas obtained from BET and geometric approaches are 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than image-obtained surface areas and result in greater simulated reaction rates and extents. Minerals with high reaction rates (calcite and siderite) are most impacted by surface area values at short times where simulated mineral volume fractions at longer times agree relatively well, even for simulations with several orders of magnitude variation in surface area. Phases with lower reaction rates, such as K-feldspar and muscovite, are predominantly impacted over longer times where variations in surface areas impact reaction extents and porosity evolution. Overall, variations in surface areas due to image resolution are small and result in little variation in simulated reactions and reaction rates while there are significant variations in simulation results when other surface area estimates are used. These variations, however, depend on the reactivity of the mineral phase where surface areas of fast-reacting phases largely impact simulations at short (hours to days) timescales and surface areas of slower-reactive phases impact longer term simulations (years).
Medial Acoustic Tumors: Special Considerations: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Medial acoustic tumors are a rare distinct type of vestibular schwannoma having distinguished clinical and radiological features.1 Originating medially in the cerebellopontine angle without extending into the lateral internal auditory meatus, they are frequently giant in size at presentation in younger patients with a relatively preserved hearing, while they have other neurological deficits from cerebellar or brainstem compression and associated hydrocephalus. Imaging typically shows a cystic tumor with local mass effect and an internal auditory canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid.1,2 Surgical resection of theses schwannoma is particularly challenging not only due to their size and hypervascularity, but also given their particular arachnoidal rearrangement inducing marked adherence to the brainstem and facial nerve.2 The treatment is surgical resection, despite, however, their giant size hearing preservation should be sought and is attainable.1-5 Transmastoid approach with squeletonization and reflection of the transverse sigmoid sinus provides lateral exposure avoiding cerebellar retraction.6 In this report, we demonstrate the specific surgical considerations applied to the resection of a giant medial acoustic tumor in a 40-yr-old patient presenting with ataxia, vertigo, facial paresthesia, and intact hearing. The patient agreed to the surgery and photography. Image at 1:44 © Ossama Al-Mefty, used with permission; Image at 8:21 from Dunn et al,2 used with permission from JNSPG.
Characterization of Rough Surfaces

This paper focuses on general problems of characterization of rough surfaces by means of adsorption methods. Alternative methods for characterization of self-affine surfaces and measurements of their roughness exponents and fractal dimensions are presented. A new structural parameter, named as excess dimension, is introduced. This parameter is directly related to the formulation of thermodynamics of adsorption on rough surfaces in terms of excess quantities. The thermodynamic methods, proposed earlier for fractal analysis of self-similar surfaces, are extended for determining the structural parameters of self-affine surfaces from adsorption data. These methods are applied to characterization of vapor deposited films, surfaces of fine particles and fractures, aerogels, porous glasses, silica, etc.
Correlation Between Degradation of Bacteriophage T2 Deoxyribonucleic Acid and the Resistance of Escherichia coli to Infection

The ability of certain strains of Escherichia coli to degrade T2 deoxyribonucleic acid to acid-soluble fragments is correlated with their high capacity to survive T2 infection.
Location of the ATP gamma-phosphate-binding sites on rat liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I. Studies with the ATP analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine.

The gamma-phosphate subsites of the MgATP sites of rat liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I have been defined by use of the ATP analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA). The synthetase utilizes two molecules of MgATP, apparently in mechanistically discrete steps and at separate MgATP sites. Sequence analysis has revealed internal duplication within the synthetase molecule (Nyunoya, H., Broglie, K.E., Widgren, E.E., and Lusty, C.J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9346-9356) and, based on sequence similarity with other nucleotide-binding proteins, potential ATP sites have been predicted for each of the duplicated sequences. The present FSBA studies have identified four peptides within carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I that are involved in binding MgATP. Differential effects of N-acetylglutamate, a required allosteric activator, on the interaction of FSBA with the peptides were utilized to develop the following model for two distinct MgATP sites. Peptides 631-638 and 1327-1348 (with Cys1327 and/or Cys1337 modified by FSBA) apparently form part of the binding site for the MgATP involved in bicarbonate activation. Peptides 1310-1317 and 1445-1454 (with Tyr1450 modified by FSBA) apparently form part of the binding site for the MgATP involved in phosphorylation of enzyme-bound carbamate. Each of these MgATP sites contains a peptide from one of the internal duplicated regions of the enzyme molecule, which have previously been suggested as containing MgATP sites (Nyunoya, H., Broglie, K. E., Widgren, E. E., and Lusty, C. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9346-9356; Powers-Lee, S. G., and Corina, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9052-9056), as well as a peptide from the flexible C-terminal region.
Enterprise cardiovascular system to support multimodality imaging and clinical effectiveness

An enterprise cardiovascular PACs system across the Cleveland Clinic has been established and enhanced to support cardiovascular angiography, echocardiography, and vascular ultrasound and is evolving to support nuclear cardiology, cardiac CT and MR. The system must support the diversity of the multivendor modalities across the health system and provide access to clinical information at all points of patient contact including operating rooms, reading rooms, exam rooms, and offices. Capabilities that go beyond those associated with standard PACS are key and include structured reporting, warehousing of clinical data, enterprise architecture, patient context sharing to provide integration with third party application, and remote viewing access. As multimodality imaging and structured data become increasingly more important in the delivery of high quality integrated cardiovascular patient care, continued focus on clinical effectiveness of system integration is key.
Computational Design of the Basic Dynamical Processes of the UCLA General Circulation Model

The 12-layer UCLA general circulation model encompassing troposphere and stratosphere (and superjacent 'sponge layer') is described. Prognostic variables are: surface pressure, horizontal velocity, temperature, water vapor and ozone in each layer, planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth, temperature, moisture and momentum discontinuities at PBL top, ground temperature and water storage, and mass of snow on ground. Selection of space finite-difference schemes for homogeneous incompressible flow, with/without a free surface, nonlinear two-dimensional nondivergent flow, enstrophy conserving schemes, momentum advection schemes, vertical and horizontal difference schemes, and time differencing schemes are discussed.
Improving quality of life in a region

Proposes to determine the relative importance of factors on which people rely in choosing a place to live and their assessments of a local area in the Southeastern USA. Presents recommendations to aid local authorities in improving quality of life in the region. Concludes that this should be done in partnership with non‐governmental entities such as Parent/Teacher Associations or trustees of local art councils for effective changes to be made.
Sampling and Sample Preparation

Food quality is monitored at various processing stages, but 100% inspection is rarely possible, or even desirable. To ensure a representative sample of the population is obtained for analysis, sampling and sample reduction methods must be developed and implemented. Sampling is a vital process, since it is often the most variable step in the entire analytical procedure. The selection of the sampling procedure is determined by the purpose of the inspection, the nature of the population and product, and the test method. This chapter covers various aspects of sampling to be considered: homogenous vs. heterogeneous samples; discrete vs. continuous populations; sampling for attributes vs. variables; consumer risk vs. vendor risk of sampling; manual vs. continuous sampling; probability vs. nonprobability sampling; numerous choices of sampling plans; and precision analysis vs. power analysis to estimate sample size. Challenges continue after the sample is collected, including proper sample storage and identification, often followed by sample size reduction to an amount suitable for sample preparation. That sample preparation often involves grinding to a particle size appropriate for analysis then storage prior to analysis, both of which must be done in ways to prevent sample degradation. The principles described in this chapter are intended to provide a basis for understanding, developing, and evaluating sampling plans and sample handling procedures for specific food analysis applications.
Gilles de la Tourette's disease--a review.

The author describes Gilles de la Tourette's disease, noting that it is characterized by sudden involuntary movements, explosive involuntarty utterances, and imitative phenomena; the pathognomonic feature is the sudden, uncontrolled repetitive utterance of obscenities. The general progression of symptoms is cephalocaudad, with frequent waxing and waning; symptoms become worse during affective arousal and improve with relaxation. Etiology is unclear, with recent evidence suggesting catecholaminergic overactivity. Although this disease and schizophrenia are clearly two separate entities, the author suggests that Gilles de la Tourette's disease may be behaviorally related to schizophrenia and biochemically related to the amphetamine psychosis. The treatment of choice is haloperidol.
Template-directed CH activation: development and application to the total synthesis of 7-episordidin

Abstract The development of a template-directed CH activation strategy and its application to the diastereoselective synthesis of (±)-7-episordidin, an aggregation pheromone from the male banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is reported. The key step of the synthetic route is a regioselective rhodium(II)-catalyzed diazocarbonyl CH activation reaction that simultaneously generates three of the four stereocenters present in the natural product.
Motion Analysis on the Micro Grained Array Processor

Motion analysis plays a key role in video coding (e.g., video telephone, MPEG, HDTV) and computer vision systems (e.g., image segmentation, structure from motion). Motion estimation methods can be classified into three groups ? matching-based, gradient-based, and frequency-based methods. The block matching algorithm (BMA) has been widely used for region matching in image coding, for example in MPEG (Motion Picture Expert's Group). Optical flow computation based on the spatio-temporal constraint equation has been broadly used in image segmentation to compute each pixel's velocity on a moving object. For both of these tasks, dedicated ASIC systems have been developed and widely used. Unfortunately, such systems have the disadvantage of restricted adaptability. The Micro Grained Array Processor (MGAP), which is a fine-grained, mesh-connected, SIMD array processor being developed at Penn State University, can provide a more regular, flexible, and efficient approach for solving, in real time, these two important computations.In this paper, we propose a new data flow scheme for an efficient, systolic, full-search BMA on programmable array processors so that we can process as many adjacent template blocks as possible in unison in order to reduce the data memory accesses. In particular we present an efficient implementation of the BMA on the MGAP. As a result, the BMA for the MPEG SIF video format (352 × 240 pixels) with a block size of 16 × 16 pixels, a displacement range of 16 pixels, and frame rate of 30 frames/sec can be computed at real-time processing rates on the MGAP. We also show a real-time mapping to the MGAP of the optical flow computation for images of size 256 × 256 pixels.
The Drosophila PAR Domain Protein 1 (Pdp1) Gene Encodes Multiple Differentially Expressed mRNAs and Proteins through the Use of Multiple Enhancers and Promoters

Transcription factors are often expressed at several times and in multiple tissues during development and regulate diverse sets of downstream target genes by varying their combinatorial interactions with other transcription factors. The Drosophila Tropomyosin I (TmI) gene is regulated by a complex of proteins within the enhancer that synergistically interacts with MEF2 to activate TmI transcription as muscle cells fuse and differentiate. One of the components of this complex is PDP1 (PAR domain protein 1), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is highly homologous to three vertebrate genes that are members of the PAR domain subfamily. We have isolated and describe here the structure of the Pdp1 gene. The Pdp1 gene is complex, containing at least four transcriptional start sites and producing at least six different mRNAs and PDP1 isoforms. Five of the PDP1 isoforms differ by the substitution or insertion of amino acids at or near the N-terminal of the protein. At least three of these alternately spliced transcripts are differentially expressed in different tissues of the developing embryo in which PDP1 expression is correlated with the differentiation of different cell types. A sixth isoform is produced by splicing out part of the PAR and basic DNA binding domains, and DNA binding and transient transfection experiments suggest that it functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of transcription. Furthermore, two enhancers have been identified within the gene that express in the somatic mesodermal precursors to body wall muscles and fat body and together direct expression in other tissues that closely mimics that of the endogenous gene. These results show that Pdp1 is widely expressed, including in muscle, fat, and gut precursors, and is likely involved in the transcriptional control of different developmental pathways through the use of differentially expressed PDP1 isoforms. Furthermore, the similarities between Pdp1 and the other PAR domain genes suggest that Pdp1 is the homologue of the vertebrate genes.
Selected case histories and epidemiologic examples of human mercury poisoning

To illustrate the various clinical pictures resulting from toxic effects of mercury and its compounds, highlighted literature excerpts have been prepared and arranged in a logical sequence. Particular emphasis is placed upon early diagnosis and prevention of epidemic outbreaks involving intoxication through organomercurials.
Determination of variable atom parameters in ionic crystals by electrostatic calculations

Abstract An electrostatic method to determine variable atom parameters in ionic crystals with experimentally determined unit cell parameters and space group is proposed. The atom parameters are usually chosen to give the maximum Madelung constant. However, when these atom parameters generate interatomic distances at least one of which is less than a critical distance, which comes from repulsion between atoms, the atom parameters corresponding to that distance are assigned. Applicability was examined for three cases: TiO2 (rutile), UCl3, and β-Rb2GeF6. Agreement between the atom parameters of this method and of literature was good. Some discussion is presented on the basis of this method. In ionic crystals, the atoms with variable parameters are set first using the geometrical arrangement which is the most stable in an electrostatic sense, and then “real” distances are fixed under the interaction of repulsive forces.
Spanogonicus albofasciatus and Rhinacloa forticornis on Cotton in Arizona

Sweep-net collections of Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter) and Rhinacloa forticornis Reuter on cotton in 3 different years showed that S. albofasciatus was dominant in all years with its seasonal peak larger than and preceding that of R. forticornis . R. forticornis appeared to be a predator. Both species were abundant on weeds in cottonfields without being abundant on cotton itself. In cage tests the cotton plants easily tolerated feeding damage by S. albofasciatus and recovered quickly. Square shedding in the presence of this insect should probably be attributed to lygus bugs or to physiological causes. Test results indicated that natural populations would rarely damage cotton except in the seedling stage. A low reproductive rate of S. albofasciatus on Acala 4–42, Acala 44, and Deltapine Smoothleaf 3798 cotton varieties is suggested.
Plugged in to the community: social motivators in online goal-setting groups

At personal goal-setting websites, people join others in committing to a challenging goal, such as losing ten pounds or writing a novel in a month. Despite the popularity of these online communities, we know little about whether or how they improve goal performance. Based on theories of goal-setting and group attachment, we examine the influence of two social factors in an online "songwriting challenge" community: early feedback evoking a shared social identity, and one-on-one collaborations with other members. Combining five years of longitudinal behavioral data with member surveys, we find that users who engage in these social features perform better on their goals than those who are non-social. Furthermore, these early social experiences are associated with strong community-centric behaviors in the long term, including donating money and providing feedback to others.
An axiom system for Lingenberg’s metric-Euclidean planes

We show that Lingenberg’s metric-Euclidean planes are the rectangular planes of Karzel and Stanik which satisfy the axiom “If two of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle exist, then so does the third”.
d'Arsonval, physician and inventor

Biomedical engineering is one of the newer specialities that evolved following the end of World War II. As with any emerging field, it is logical to look back to identify those who were doing what we now call biomedical engineering. In fact, there were many, and it is not possible to identify the first biomedical engineer but this is less important than discovering those who were applying the laws of physics to solve biomedical problems; Jacques Arsenne d'Arsonval (1851-1940) was one of these. He gave us the chlorided silver electrode; inductive and capacitive (dielectric) heating (diathermy), which paved the way for electrosurgery; the thermocouple (radiofrequency) ammeter; and the moving-coil galvanometer, which formed the basis for virtually all panel-type pointer meters. He was also the first to stimulate excitable tissue magnetically with eddy currents. We present the story of this ingenious and creative French physician who did not practice medicine, but did practice research on a grand scale.
Abstract 2549: Efficacy of the Chk1 inhibitor PF-00477736 and pemetrexed in human mesothelioma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignancy with the median survival of less than 1 year from diagnosis. Pemetrexed (PTX), a multi-targeted antifolate drug in combination with cisplatin, has been used as front-line treatment. PTX-treatments causes S-phase cell cycle arrest allowing cancer cells to repair damaged DNA critical for cell survival and proliferation. The Chk1 kinase, a central regulator of cell cycle progression and a principal mediator of cell cycle checkpoints in response to genotoxic stress is overexpressed in mesothelioma. We evaluated the in-vitro activity of the Chk1 kinase inhibitor, PF-00477736, in combination with PTX in MPM. PF-00477736 treatments abrogated the PTX-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and enhanced cytotoxicity of PTX in a dose-dependent manner (∼81% cell proliferation inhibition, vs. ∼13% with PTX alone). PTX and PF-00477736 treatments alone enhanced the levels of γH2AX (6% and 16%, respectively), however, their combination had significantly higher effect (∼60% increase) compared to control cells. These results suggest that when Chk1 is inhibited, PTX-induced replication stress is converted into additional DNA damage due to checkpoint abrogation and lack of DNA repair. The sensitization of mesothelioma cells to PTX by PF-00477736 was also associated with a marked increase in apoptosis (∼11-fold increase compared to PTX of PF-00477736 treatments alone). Collectively, these results show a therapeutic potential of combining Chk1 inhibitors and PTX for the treatment of mesothelioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2549
Self-Management to Increase Safe Driving Among Short-Haul Truck Drivers

Abstract The relative impact of a self-management for safety (SMS) process was evaluated at two short-haul trucking terminals. Participants in the Pre-Behavior group (n= 21) recorded their intentions to engage in specific safe versus at-risk driving behaviors before leaving the terminal (i.e., before making any of their deliveries for the day), whereas participants in the Post-Behavior group (n = 12) recorded their actual safe versus at-risk driving behaviors after returning to the terminal (i.e., after making all their deliveries for the day). Each participant drove a truck equipped with an on-board computer-monitoring device that recorded two driving behaviors, traveling > 63 mph (overspeed) and stopping or braking ≥ 7 mph/sec (extreme braking). During the SMS intervention, participants in the Pre-Behavior group reduced their mean percentage of time overspeeding by 30.4%, and their mean frequency of extreme braking incidents by 63.9%. Similarly, during the SMS intervention, the Post-Behavior group reduc...
Quasiclassical Equation of Motion for the Heisenberg Spin System

Previous results of quasiclassical spin dynamics are extended by presenting a new approximation for quantum corrections to the classical equation of motion for the Heisenberg model. The accuracy of the equation with these corrections is determined by comparing computer calculations based on this formalism with exact quantum and classical results for spin pair correlation functions for a six-spin linear chain at infinite temperatures.
On the relative merits of path dissolution and the method of analytic tableaux

Path dissolution is an inferencing mechanism that generalizes the method of analytic tableaux. We present several results demonstrating that tableau deductions can be substantially speeded up with applications of dissolution technology. We also consider the class of formulas on which the method of analytic tableaux was first shown to be intractable and prove that, with the application of the ordinary distributive law, standard tableau methods admit linear time proofs for this class.
Reovirus infection of cancer cells is not due to activated Ras pathway

Lee and his co-workers1, 2 claimed that reovirus selectively killed cells with an activated Ras pathway: activated Ras or an activated element of the Ras pathway inhibited double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) activation, thereby allowing viral protein synthesis. Reovirus remains actively pursued as a potential anticancer agent. We have examined the reovirus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in eight human tumor cell lines. Untransformed NIH/3T3 and LLC-MK2 cell lines served as controls. NIH/3T3 is a mouse fibroblast cell line;3 the LLC-MK2 cell line was derived from kidneys of adult Rhesus monkeys.4 Reovirus serotype 3 can infect LLC-MK2, many human tumor cell lines and several untransformed murine cell lines such as L929,5 but not NIH/3T3. We sought to correlate CPE, and intracellular viral RNA measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with relative Ras protein levels in the individual cell lines, measured by western blotting. In addition, attempts were made to correlate virus-induced translational control pathways with CPE by immunoblotting for total and phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α).6
Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Supercooling Point of Ice and Clathrate Hydrates

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the supercooling point (SCP) of ice, tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrates, and THF + CH4 binary hydrates was investigated by using a high-pressure differenti...
The effect of residual stresses on brittle and ductile fracture initiation predicted by micromechanical models

The effect of a realistic residual stress field on the predicted initiation of brittle and ductile fracture in a pressure and axially loaded circumferentially cracked pipe is examined using finite element analysis, micromechanical models of fracture initiation, andJ-Q theory. The study confirms that residual stresses contribute to the driving force and reduce fracture loads early in the loading history. In addition, results show that the residual stresses severely alter theJ-value (i.e., fracture toughness) predicted for the onset of brittle fracture. The reason for this decrease is found to be the increase in constraint generated by the residual stress field. In contrast, the effect of residual stresses on the ductile fracture initiation toughness is shown to be negligible. kw]Key words kw]residual stress kw]fracture initiation kw]micromechanics
Integration of autonomous fatigue crack detection and vibration control in smart plates

This paper develops and demonstrates performance analysis of vibration suppression and damage detection control laws on structures with fatigue cracks. State feedback control laws for the individual tasks of vibration suppression and autonomous damage detection are designed based on low-order models of a damaged structure. These control laws are applied to finite-element models of structures with through-surface and surface cracks. The analysis ascertains the ability of feedback control to enhance sensitivity of modal frequency shifts due to realistic damage and the potential for using the same sensors and actuators for implementing vibration damping control laws that are insensitive to damage. In the control model, damage consists of simple reductions in thickness over a small area of the structure. Finite-element models to which control laws are applied are developed using commercial software (ABAQUS) that more accurately models the crack by releasing element connections or by using line spring elements. Results show that feedback control laws can be designed for either crack detection or vibration suppression using identical hardware. In addition, we demonstrate that simple models of damaged structures are suitable for designing control laws for detecting more complex damage conditions, and we demonstrate the use of commercial software for model-based simulation of controlled structures.
Identification of biological activities of paramyxovirus glycoproteins. Activation of cell fusion, hemolysis, and infectivity of proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor protein of Sendai virus.

Abstract The glycoproteins of Sendai virus have been isolated by a procedure involving extraction with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and affinity chromatography on fetuin-Sepharose. The largest Sendai virus glycoprotein (MW ~69,000) possesses both hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, and has been designated HN. Virions grown in MDBK cells or in the allantoic sac of the chick embryo contain similar amounts of the HN glycoprotein, but differ in their content of the other glycoproteins. Virions grown in MDBK cells contain a large amount of a glycoprotein designated F 0 (MW ~65,000). This glycoprotein is a precursor of a smaller virion glycoprotein, F (MW ~53,000) which is present in only small amount in MDBK cellgrown virions. F 0 can be cleaved to yield F by treatment of virions with trypsin in vitro . Sendai virions grown in the chick embryo lack the precursor protein F 0 , but contain a large amount of F; in this case, proteolytic cleavage of F 0 to yield F occurs in ovo . The Sendai virions grown in MDBK cells, which are deficient in the small glycoprotein F, lack hemolyzing and cell-fusing activities and cannot infect MDBK cells. Virions grown in the chick embryo, which contain much F, possess both these activities and can infect MDBK cells as well as the chick embryo. MDBK cell-grown virions acquire hemolyzing and cell-fusing activities and become infective for MDBK cells when the precursor glycoprotein F 0 is cleaved in vitro to yield F. The results indicate that the small glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses is biologically active and is involved in virus-induced hemolysis, cell fusion, and the initiation of infection. The precise mechanism by which this glycoprotein participates in these reactions remains to be determined, but is now amenable to experimentation. The precursor of this glycoprotein is biologically inactive, but is incorporated into virions grown in some host cells; it may be activated by proteolytic cleavage either in vivo or in vitro . The present results provide a biochemical basis for previously observed host-dependent variation in infectivity, and in hemolysis and cell-fusion induced by paramyxoviruses.
Comparison of oxidative stress markers after intravenous administration of iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Study Objective. To compare non–transferrin-bound iron and markers of oxidative stress after single intravenous doses of iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose. Design. Prospective, open-label, crossover study. Setting. University-affiliated general clinical research center. Patients. Twelve ambulatory patients undergoing hemodialysis. Intervention. Patients received 100 mg of intravenous iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose in random sequence, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Measurements and Main Results. Serum samples for transferrin saturation, non–transferrin-bound iron, and malondialdehyde (MDA; marker of lipid peroxidation) were obtained before (baseline) and 30, 60, 120, and 360 minutes and 2 weeks after each iron infusion. A serum sample for hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) RNA was obtained at baseline and 360 minutes after infusion. Non–transferrin-bound iron values were significantly higher 30 minutes after administration of sodium ferric gluconate and iron sucrose compared with iron dextran (mean ± SEM 10.1 ± 2.2, 3.8 ± 0.8, and 0.23 ± 0.1 μM, respectively, p<0.001 for sodium ferric gluconate vs iron dextran, p=0.002 for iron sucrose vs iron dextran). A significant positive correlation was noted between transferrin saturation and the presence of non–trans-ferrin-bound iron for sodium ferric gluconate and iron sucrose (r2=0.37 and 0.45, respectively, p<0.001) but not for iron dextran (r2= 0.09). After sodium ferric gluconate, significantly more samples showed increases in MDA levels from baseline compared with iron sucrose and iron dextran (p=0.006); these increased levels were associated with the presence of non–transferrin-bound iron, baseline transferrin saturation above 30%, baseline transferrin levels below 180 mg/dl, and ferritin levels above 500 ng/ml (p<0.05). However, only a transferrin level below 180 mg/dl was independently associated (odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2–15.3). Conclusion. Iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate were associated with greater non–transferrin-bound iron appearance compared with iron dextran. However, only sodium ferric gluconate showed significant increases in lipid peroxidation. The relationship between non–transferrin-bound iron from intravenous iron and oxidative stress warrants further exploration.
Granuloma formation after chevron osteotomy fixation with absorbable copolymer pin: A case report

After fixation of a chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus of the left foot with a bioabsorbable copolymer, a delayed onset of pain at the surgical site developed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Surgical excision determined the lesion to be a giant-cell granuloma formed as a foreign body response to the degrading copolymer.
Convergence of multiple ergodic averages along polynomials of several variables

LetT be an invertible measure preserving transformation of a probability measure spaceX. Generalizing a recent result of Host and Kra, we prove that the averages $$T^{p1(u)} f$$ converge inL 2 (X) for anyf 1 ,…,f r ∃L ∞ (X), any polynomialsp 1 ,…,p r :f 1 ,...,:f 1 ∈1\t8(X and and Folner sequence \s{\gF r \s} \t8 in ℤ d .
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Alinement Induced by Magnetic Fields in Two Smectic A Liquid Crystals Not Exhibiting Nematic Phases

Using vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAAC) as a paramagnetic probe, the molecular ordering in two smectic-A liquid crystals that do not display nematic phases were studied. Reproducible alinement was attained by slow cooling throughout the isotropic smectic-A transition in dc magnetic fields of 1.1 and 2.15 teslas. The degree of order attained is small for a smectic-A liquid crystal. Measurements were made of the variation of the average hyperfine splitting of the alined samples as a function of orientation relative to the dc magnetic field of the spectrometer. This functional dependence is in agreement with the theoretical prediction except where the viscosity of the liquid crystal becomes large enough to slow the tumbling of the VAAC, as indicated by asymmetry in the end lines of the spectrum.
Histone deacetylase as therapeutic target in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock: effect of different resuscitation strategies on lung and liver

Background DNA transcription is regulated in part by acetylation of nuclear histones, controlled by 2 groups of enzymes: histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyl transferases (HAT). We have shown previously that hemorrhage and resuscitation are associated with HDAC/HAT imbalance, which influences the acetylation status of cardiac histones. The goals of this study were to determine whether: (1) resuscitation after hemorrhage affects histone acetylation in a fluid- and organ-specific fashion; and (2) administration of HDAC inhibitors influences histone acetylation and subsequent gene expression. Methods In the first experiment, rats (n = 6/group) were subjected to volume-controlled hemorrhage and resuscitated with: (1) racemic lactated Ringer’s (DL-LR); (2) L-lactated Ringer’s (L-LR); (3) 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS); (4) ketone Ringer’s (KR); or (5) pyruvate Ringer’s (PR). Control groups included: (6) no hemorrhage (Sham); and (7) hemorrhage with no resuscitation (NR). In the second experiment (n = 5/group), 3 HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid (VPA), trichostatin A (TSA), and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), were added to normal saline and used as fluid for resuscitation. At the end of resuscitation, lung and liver tissues were subjected to subcellular protein fractionation and Western blotting to analyze histone acetylation. In addition, cDNA microarrays and RT-PCR were used to measure expression of selected genes. Results Hemorrhage did not change the level of histone acetylation in lungs, whereas resuscitation predominantly hyperacetylated histones. An analysis of histone acetylation on 10 lysine sites showed that L-LR, HTS, and KR resuscitation caused the largest number of changes (7, 6, and 6 respectively). SAHA hyperacetylated 7 sites in liver and affected expression of 57 genes (44 up, 13 down). Conclusions Resuscitation with various fluids, as well as infusion of pharmacologic HDAC inhibitors affects histone acetylation in a fluid- and organ-specific fashion, even when administered post-insult for a limited period of time. Uniquely affected genes are associated with metabolism, cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and cellular signaling.
Pilot Test of a Preconception and Midwifery Care Promotion Program for College Women.

Introduction College campuses remain an underused setting for implementing the 10 strategies for promoting preconception health proposed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This setting can also be used to educate young women about their options for care in future pregnancies, including midwifery care. To address these needs, the author and 2 peer educators developed and pilot-tested a multiweek health education program for college women. Methods Women from a small public liberal arts college in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States were recruited to participate in the pilot program, which offered 6 hours of education over 4 weeks in an interactive, participant-led format. Of 26 women who participated, 20 completed at least 3 of the 4 sessions, as well as the pre- and posttests. Results The program group reported greater awareness of the importance of preconception health and an increased preference for midwifery care in future pregnancies. Program participants experienced an increase in knowledge about preconception health, midwifery care, and risks associated with cesarean birth, labor induction, and preterm birth, but did not report a statistically significant change in behavior related to preconception health, including lifestyle changes and immunizations. Discussion Further research should be conducted with a larger sample, longer follow-up, and a more rigorous evaluation design to assess the potential contributions of this promising pilot program.
Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and atherothrombotic brain infarction in men and women ≥62 years of age

Abstract Our data showed that CAD, PAD, and ABI were more prevalent in men than in women aged ≥62 years. Of our 1,886 patients, only 705 (37%) had no CAD, PAD, or ABI. CAD was present in 43%, PAD in 25%, and ABI in 26% of our population. If ABI was present, CAD was also present in 53% and PAD in 33% of our population. If PAD was present, CAD was also present in 58% and ABI in 34% of our population. If CAD was present, ABI was also present in 32% and PAD in 33% of our population.
MicroRNAs Control Macrophage Formation and Activation: The Inflammatory Link between Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

Activation and recruitment of resident macrophages in tissues in response to physiological stress are crucial regulatory processes in promoting the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that microRNAs play important roles in modulating monocyte formation, macrophage maturation, infiltration into tissues and activation. Macrophage-dependent systemic physiological and tissue-specific responses also involve cell-cell interactions between macrophages and host tissue niche cell components, including other tissue-resident immune cell lineages, adipocytes, vascular smooth muscle and others. In this review, we highlight the roles of microRNAs in regulating the development and function of macrophages in the context of obesity, which could provide insights into the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
Aldehyde content of collagen from alcoholic cirrhotic and noncirrhotic human livers

Abstract Collagen was partially purified from autopsy liver specimens of subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis and from noncirrhotic livers of subjects who died from other illnesses. Bacterial collagenase was used to solubilize the collagen and the aldehyde content of this material was measured using N-methyl benzothiazolone hydrazone (MBTH). The aldehyde content was decreased in the collagen from livers with increased collagen content, both noncirrhotic and cirrhotic. The changes in hepatic collagen with increased collagen content may be analagous to the effect of aging on collagen, wherein collagen crosslinking is strengthened although qualitative changes in crosslinking may lower the measurable aldehydes.
Tertiary Minette and Melanephelinite Dikes, Wasatch Plateau, Utah - Records of Mantle Heterogeneities and Changing Tectonics

A swarm of minette and melanephelinite dikes is exposed over 2500 km2 in and near the Wasatch Plateau, central Utah, along the western margin of the Colorado Plateaus in the transition zone with the Basin and Range province. To date, 110 vertical dikes in 25 dike sets have been recognized. Strikes shift from about N80°W for 24 Ma dikes, to about N60°W for 18 Ma, to due north for 8–7 m.y. These orientations are consistent with a shift from east-west Oligocene compression associated with subduction to east-west late Miocene crustal extension. Minettes are the most common rock type; mica-rich minette and mica-bearing melanephelinite occurs in 24 Ma dikes, whereas more ordinary minette is found in 8–7 Ma dikes. One melanephelinite dike is 18 Ma. These mafic alkaline rocks are transitional to one another in modal and major element composition but have distinctive trace element patterns and isotopic compositions; they appear to have crystallized from primitive magmas. Major, trace element, and Nd-Sr isotopic data indicate that melanephelinite, which has similarities to ocean island basalt, was derived from small degree melts of mantle with a chondritic Sm/Nd ratio probably located in the asthenosphere, but it is difficult to rule out a lithospheric source. In contrast, mica-bearing rocks (mica melanephelinite and both types of minette) are more potassic and have trace element patterns with strong Nb-Ta depletions and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions caused by involvement with a component from heterogeneously enriched lithospheric mantle with long-term enrichment of Rb or light rare earth elements (REE) (epsilon Nd as low as −15 in minette). Light REE enrichment must have occurred anciently in the mid-Proterozoic when the lithosphere was formed and is not a result of Cenozoic subduction processes. After about 25 Ma, foundering of the subducting Farallon plate may have triggered upwelling of warm asthenospheric mantle to the base of the lithosphere. Melanephelinite magma may have separated from the asthenosphere and, while rising through the lithosphere, provided heat for lithospheric magma generation. Varying degrees of interaction between melanephelinite and small potassic melt fractions derived from the lithospheric mantle can explain the gradational character of the melanephelinite to minette suite.
Simple thermal model for online laser curing of thermoset composites in filament winding

For filament winding of thermoset composite structures, the curing process can be accomplished during the winding process. In this paper, a three-dimensional model in cylindrical co-ordinate to simulate the thermal process of online laser curing of thermoset composites is presented. The temperature and degree of cure profiles are obtained numerically. The results show that appropriate choice of the processing parameters is important for the quality of the product produced.
History of AIChE's Center for Chemical Process Safety

On December 3, 1984, water contamination of a tank of methyl isocyanate in Bhopal, India initiated a series of events that led to a catastrophic toxic release, killing more than 3,000 residents and injuring over 100,000. Immediately after, leaders from the chemical industry asked AIChE to lead a collaborative effort to eliminate catastrophic process incidents by advancing state of the art technology and management practices, serving as the premier resource for information on process safety, supporting process safety in engineering, and promoting process safety as a key industry value. In the spring of 1985, CCPS was founded. Since that time, CCPS has incorporated experience-based learning from major and minor accidents and near-misses into a world-class collection of guideline documents, resource books, and on-line content. This paper will reflect on the history of CCPS, highlight some recent accomplishments, and present a glimpse at the future of process safety. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
A Regression Model of Subjective Probability

The present study was conducted to examine if the cognitive representation of subjective probability could be better objectified. Subjects were required to play a commercial slot machine and afterwards make an estimation as to the machine's percentage of payback. A linear regression analysts indicated that such a subjective probability estimation is developed by a combination of the number of coins played, the number of coins won, and the number of winning games. These findings suggest that examining such environmental variables may provide an explanation for the development of subjective probabilities.
Technical note: copper chaperone for copper, zinc superoxide dismutase: a potential biomarker for copper status in cattle.

Copper chaperone for Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CCS) has been shown to be reflective of Cu status in mice and rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate liver and erythrocyte CCS as an indicator of Cu status in beef cattle (Exp. 1), and to test the acute-phase properties of CCS under conditions of inflammation (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, samples of whole blood and liver were collected at slaughter (492 d of age) from 15 Cu-deficient and 6 Cu-adequate Angus calves. At the time of tissue collection, severe Cu deficiency had been achieved and differences (P or= 0.45) between baseline (d 0) and d 4 after vaccination. These data demonstrate that bovine erythrocyte and liver CCS protein levels increase in Cu-deficient cattle. Furthermore, levels of CCS protein do not change after a vaccine-induced inflammatory response, suggesting that unlike ceruloplasmin, CCS may be a reliable indicator of Cu status in cattle.