cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans glutamylating enzymes function redundantly in male mating

ABSTRACT Microtubule glutamylation is an important modulator of microtubule function and has been implicated in the regulation of centriole stability, neuronal outgrowth and cilia motility. Glutamylation of the microtubules is catalyzed by a family of tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes. Analysis of individual TTLL enzymes has led to an understanding of their specific functions, but how activities of the TTLL enzymes are coordinated to spatially and temporally regulate glutamylation remains relatively unexplored. We have undertaken an analysis of the glutamylating TTLL enzymes in C. elegans. We find that although all five TTLL enzymes are expressed in the embryo and adult worm, loss of individual enzymes does not perturb microtubule function in embryonic cell divisions. Moreover, normal dye-filling, osmotic avoidance and male mating behavior indicate the presence of functional amphid cilia and male-specific neurons. A ttll-4(tm3310); ttll-11(tm4059); ttll-5(tm3360) triple mutant, however, shows reduced male mating efficiency due to a defect in the response step, suggesting that these three enzymes function redundantly, and that glutamylation is required for proper function of the male-specific neurons.
Unsteady aerodynamic modeling for arbitrary motions

A study is presented on the unsteady aerodynamic loads due to arbitrary motions of a thin wing and their adaptation for the calculation of response and true stability of aeroelastic modes. In an Appendix, the use of Laplace transform techniques and the generalized Theodorsen function for two-dimensional incompressible flow is reviewed. New applications of the same approach are shown also to yield airloads valid for quite general small motions. Numerical results are given for the two-dimensional supersonic case. Previously proposed approximate methods, starting from simple harmonic unsteady theory, are evaluated by comparison with exact results obtained by the present approach. The Laplace inversion integral is employed to separate the loads into 'rational' and 'nonrational' parts, of which only the former are involved in aeroelastic stability of the wing. Among other suggestions for further work, it is explained how existing aerodynamic computer programs may be adapted in a fairly straightforward fashion to deal with arbitrary transients.
A methodology for evaluating storage systems in distributed and hierarchical video servers

Large scale multimedia systems combine technologies from audio and video systems, communications systems and computer systems. Multimedia systems store compressed video files digitally on a server that is shared by a large number of users. A video server is characterized by the number of simultaneous video streams it can support and by the size of the video library. Storage costs are a significant aspect of a video server because of the very large size of the objects. In setting up a video service, there is a choice between having one very large central server, multiple decentralized servers, or a hierarchical server structure. This paper discusses the scaling and cost issues in the server in order to provide information on how to balance server costs against communications costs. >
African American Patients with Multiple Myeloma Have Prolonged Responses after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) in African American (AA) patients is higher than in other racial groups. In this retrospective study we analyzed the outcome of 70 consecutive patients (AA n=38, non-AA n=32) with MM receiving an autologous stem cell transplantat (ASCT) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. No significant differences, including age, gender, stage of disease, Hgb and b2 microglobulin levels, skeletal involvement, plasma cell marrow infiltration, were observed between AA and non-AA patients at diagnosis. Chemotherapy prior to ASCT was also comparable in the two groups. Conditioning regimen with high dose melphalan was used in 84% AA and 72% non-AA, while the remaining patients received BCNU/melphalan. After induction chemotherapy no difference occurred in complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) rates in AA (9% and 42%) as compared to non-AA (13% and 33%). Two months after transplantation CR and PR rates were 31% and 25% in AA and 30% and 20% in non-AA. However, at 6 months after ASCT 25%AA vs 60% non-AA patients showed a progression of the disease (p=0.009). At a median follow-up of 26 months (range:1 to 89), 79% AA and 69% non-AA patients are alive. The estimated median Event-Free-Survival in the two groups is 21 vs 12 months (p=0.02), while the estimated median Overall Survival is 64 vs 39 months (p=0.19) (Figure 1). In conclusion, AA and non-AA patients have similar CR and PR rates after ASCT. However, AA patients seem to have more prolonged clinical responses. In a setting where equal access to modern modalities of treatment is available, race does not appear to affect responses to therapy in multiple myeloma. Download : Download high-res image (62KB) Download : Download full-size image
19. Eliot’s the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Epigraph

(1961). 19. Eliot’s the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Epigraph. The Explicator: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 35-37.
Portomesenteric venous thrombosis complicated by a haemorrhagic shock: a rare complication of laparoscopic gastrectomy

Portomesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare complication reported in only a few cases involving laparoscopic bariatric surgery. We report a case of a 44-year-old woman who presented 14 days after recent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with the chief complaint of abdominal pain and associated nausea. Abdominal CT demonstrated thrombi in her superior mesenteric, portal and splenic veins. She was initiated on therapeutic heparin but developed haemorrhagic shock shortly afterwards. Subsequent CT angiogram failed to localise the source of her haemorrhage. Her haemodynamic instability improved following a 6-day intensive care unit stay requiring vasopressive agents and blood transfusions. Further hypercoagulable workup revealed that she was a heterozygous carrier of the prothrombin gene mutation, and thus started on lifelong oral anticoagulation.
Social connectedness and political behavior

One of the focal points of social networks research has been the process by which individuals utilize information and cues from their social networks and communities to form political attitudes and make decisions about how and when to participate in politics. Not all individuals, however, have large social networks or are strongly connected to their local social environments. Furthermore, despite concerns about rising social isolation in American society, the role that relatively socially disconnected individuals play in politics is not well understood. Using a nationally representative data set with information about communities, social networks, and individual-level variables, this paper examines social connectedness and political behavior. Those who are more socially isolated, it is found, are neither more conservative nor liberal on any particular political issues, but clearly participate in politics less than individuals who are well connected to those around them. Finally, while individual political...
Alternating criteria search: a parallel large neighborhood search algorithm for mixed integer programs

We present a parallel large neighborhood search framework for finding high quality primal solutions for general mixed-integer programs (MIPs). The approach simultaneously solves a large number of sub-MIPs with the dual objective of reducing infeasibility and optimizing with respect to the original objective. Both goals are achieved by solving restricted versions of two auxiliary MIPs, where subsets of the variables are fixed. In contrast to prior approaches, ours does not require a feasible starting solution. We leverage parallelism to perform multiple searches simultaneously, with the objective of increasing the effectiveness of our heuristic. We computationally compare the proposed framework with a state-of-the-art MIP solver in terms of solution quality, scalability, reproducibility, and parallel efficiency. Results show the efficacy of our approach in finding high quality solutions quickly both as a standalone primal heuristic and when used in conjunction with an exact algorithm.
Interactions Between Bifidobacteria, Milk Oligosaccharides, and Neonate Hosts

Abstract The relationship between bifidobacteria and the infant gut has been the subject of many studies, since the discovery of the species at the turn of the 20th century. This chapter explores the nature of this relationship, with a focus on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as a factor in selecting for the presence of certain species and subspecies, especially Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis . This organism, as well as several other members of the species, possesses a wide array of genomic elements (namely glycosyl hydrolases and membrane transporters) that confer the ability to use HMOs as a sole carbon source, a relatively rare ability. With increasing evidence associating Bifidobacterium species with human health, there is much incentive to better understand the mechanism whereby human milk selects for this organism.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in an epilepsy surgery cohort: Clinical and pathologic findings.

Objective To determine the occurrence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in young adult patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. Methods Ten patients who underwent epilepsy surgery were randomly selected for this retrospective study. The patients were 18–45 years of age, had preoperative neuropsychological evaluation, and had 1 year postoperative follow-up. Microscopic sections from resections were evaluated for the presence of CTE with standard stains and antibodies to tau (clone AT8). Results The median age at resection was 32.5 years (range 23–43) and the median duration of seizures was 23.5 years (range 3–28). Eight had a history of head injury. Preoperative neuropsychological testing showed mild to moderate cognitive impairment in 8 patients (80%). Pathologic examination in one patient showed focal sparse tau-immunoreactive lesions along descending rami and cortical gyral depths of the resected frontal lobe. Nine patients had no evidence of CTE. All focal cortical resections showed variable subpial and subcortical gliosis commonly identified in patients with chronic seizure disorders. Conclusions The present small retrospective observational study suggests that CTE may occur, but appears uncommon, in young adult patients undergoing surgical treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. The significance of these findings requires further investigation to define the relative importance of tau accumulation in younger adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy and cognitive decline.
The ltk receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in pre-B lymphocytes and cerebral neurons and uses a non-AUG translational initiator.

Abstract The recently discovered murine ltk tyrosine kinase has been reported to resemble a transmembrane receptor devoid of an extracellular domain. We report here, however, that in in vitro experiments and in transfected cells, ltk uses an upstream non-AUG translational initiator and resembles a typical glycoprotein receptor, albeit a very small one, with a molecular mass of approximately 69 kd. Ltk is expressed at a very low level in only a few cell lines and tissues and may be the receptor for a pre-B lymphocyte growth or differentiation factor, because 10 tested pre-B lines each contained 2.4 and 2.8 kb mRNAs. By contrast, only one out of seven mature B cell lines expressed ltk and the in vitro maturation of pre-B into B cells was in one case accompanied by the inactivation of ltk expression. Ltk was also expressed in adult, but not in embryonic, mouse brain, and immunostaining detected the protein in essentially all neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but not in the cerebellum.
Promises and Pitfalls: The Two-Faced Nature of Streaming and Social Media Platforms for Beirut-Based Independent Musicians

ABSTRACTI argue that streaming services like SoundCloud and Spotify are key elements of a two-faced virtual ecosystem – including social media and crowd-funding platforms – that independent musicia...
P102 A Follow-Up Outcome Evaluation of a Comprehensive SNAP-Ed Social Marketing Campaign in Louisiana

Background In 2014, the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (LSU AgCenter), an implementing agency for the Louisiana Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education (SNAP-Ed), launched a social marketing campaign to promote healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. LSU AgCenter contracted Altarum in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the campaign. Using Altarum's findings, LSU AgCenter revised the messaging, images and delivery channels for the campaign and relaunched in 2017. The updated campaign utilized billboards, television and radio advertisements, and printed materials to reach SNAP-Ed eligible adults in 32 parishes in Louisiana. Objective To assess the effectiveness of the updated campaign in reaching the intended audience. Study Design, Settings, Participants Altarum conducted an outcome evaluation using measures from the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. A revised telephone survey collected data from 601 randomly selected SNAP recipients living in parishes receiving the campaign. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Descriptive statistics described the sample population and assessed exposure. Significant differences between groups were estimated using 95% confidence intervals. Data were weighted by age and gender to generalize findings to the SNAP population in target Louisiana parishes. Differences between the 2015 and 2018 outcome evaluations were noted. Results Consistent with findings from 2015, 50% of SNAP recipients were exposed to one or more of campaign messages through any delivery channel. Television ads were the most recalled channel of delivery (44%) followed by billboards and printed materials (36% each) and radio advertisements (19%). Exposure to individual messages varied slightly with 31%, 30% and 23% of exposed SNAP recipients seeing the Healthy Meals at Home, Breakfast, and Physical Activity messages, respectively. Among SNAP recipients exposed to the campaign, many indicated that the messages encouraged them to think about adopting the promoted healthy behaviors, many of whom followed through with their intentions. Conclusion LSU AgCenter successfully implemented an updated social marketing campaign that was seen by half of SNAP recipients in target Louisiana parishes. Funding SNAP-Ed.
“A Virgine and a Martyr both”: The Turn to Hagiography in Heywood’s Reformation History Play

This article considers the narrative and theatrical strategies used by Thomas Heywood to sanctify Elizabeth I as a virgin martyr saint in the remarkable, yet understudied, Reformation history play If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody, Part I, or the Troubles of Queen Elizabeth (ca. 1605). I examine how Heywood reads against Foxe even as he draws on the history of the English Reformation from the Book of Martyrs to create a narrative of virgin martyrdom; I discuss how the play’s miraculous theatricality re-forms past iterations of religious knowledge in drama, and show that the play recovers hagiography for English Protestantism. I conclude by suggesting that Heywood invented the Stuart saint play.
Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Selection of Candidates for Liver Transplantation

Frailty and sarcopenia are important domains of patient assessment that are recognized as influencing waitlist and transplant outcomes among liver transplant candidates. These distinct but complementary concepts both require accurate and reproducible measurement to quantify patient risk and direct at-risk patients to interventions to mitigate the impact of frailty and sarcopenia. Prehabilitation protocols, guided by frailty and sarcopenia measures, may allow patients to optimize survival on the waiting list and prevent complications after transplant.
Gender differences in self-efficacy, acceptance, and satisfaction in business simulations

Abstract We adopted strategic management simulations in our senior-level courses to allow students access to top management decision-making experiences that would otherwise be difficult to attain. Student feedback indicated that women were less likely than men to see a simulation as easy to use or a fair representation of their abilities. Women expressed lower confidence than their male counterparts in their likely performance prior to engaging in competitive simulation play. Various scaffolding interventions intended to improve self-efficacy prior to competitive play were unsuccessful. Implications for preparing and encouraging women for top management positions and decision-making are considered. We recommend refinements to new and existing educational simulations to make them more accessible and appealing to women as well as to expand their leadership style beyond a largely masculine approach.
STAT signaling in the intestine

Abstract The Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducer of activation (STAT) pathway, discovered by investigating interferon gene induction, is now recognized as an evolutionary conserved signaling pathway employed by diverse cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and related molecules. Since its discovery, this pathway has become a paradigm for membrane-to-nucleus signaling and explains how a broad range of soluble factors such as cytokines and hormones, mediate their diverse functions. The understanding of JAK-STAT signaling in the intestine has not only impacted basic science research, particularly in the understanding of intercellular communication and cell-extrinsic control of gene expression, but it has also become a prototype for transition of bench to bedside research, culminating in the clinical implementation of pathway-specific therapeutics.
Proenvironmental attitudes predict proenvironmental consumer behaviors over time

Abstract Proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors have been increasing over the past decade. In this study, we use longitudinal panel data from a nationally representative sample of the Swiss population (N = 9106) to replicate the finding that proenvironmental attitudes are linked with proenvironmental consumer behaviors, and present novel evidence that change in proenvironmental attitudes is associated with change in proenvironmental consumer behaviors. The links between proenvironmental attitudes and proenvironmental consumer behaviors were moderated by people's life stage but not by their perceived control. Together, these results provide important insights about the ways in which proenvironmental attitudes translate into proenvironmental consumer behaviors over time and across individuals with different demographic and psychological backgrounds.
Public perceptions of transoral endocrine surgery and their influence on choice of operative approach.

ABSTRACT Background Transoral Endocrine Surgery (TES) represents an alternative to the open approach with no visible scar. Studies have shown TES has a safety profile similar to the open approach, but adoption has been limited. Public perception and preference for TES are factors associated with adoption that have not been explored. Here we aim to understand the perception of TES by the public and factors which influence decision making. Materials and methods A 38-question survey was designed to assess factors which influence willingness to pursue TES. The survey was distributed utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing marketplace in which individuals perform tasks virtually based on interest. Descriptive analyses, Pearson chi-squared tests, Student's t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate theoretical decision to pursue TES. Results Respondents (n = 795) were 47% female, 78% white, 70% held a college degree or higher, and had a mean age of 37. The majority (69%) preferred a mouth incision over a neck incision. Respondents were willing to pursue TES for a theoretical cancer despite increased cost (52%) and longer operative time (70%). Respondents top two most important surgical factors were safety and experience. Conclusions Our data suggest the general public is willing to pursue TES and factors thought to be barriers to choosing TES may not deter the public. An informed discussion with appropriately-selected patients should be had between the patient and surgeon regarding specific surgical and postoperative differences including risks, safety, and experience.
Feasibility of dietary folic acid reduction intervention for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Summary Background & aims Fortification of the US food supply has increased folic acid intake and resulted in a concomitant decrease in neural tube defects in women. However, a body evidence supports the hypothesis that increased circulating folate levels due to excessive dietary or supplemental folic acid may be harmful for men with prostate cancer. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a reduced folic acid dietary intervention in men on an active surveillance monitoring program for prostate cancer. Methods Men with low-grade prostate cancer enrolled into a 12-week dietary folic acid reduction diet. Primary outcome was red blood cell (RBC) folate reduction at 12 weeks. Other outcomes include serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 levels. The number of patients who complete the trial and reasons for disenrollment or dropout were also assessed. Results Twenty-eight participants were enrolled into the dietary intervention study. Six participants withdrew from the study and a total of 21 participants completed all baseline and week 12 biochemical assessments. Only 18 participants completed all dietary questionnaires. Participants withdrew from the study due to difficulty with the diet or personal reasons. A substantial reduction was noted in serum folate (p Conclusions This phase 1 feasibility study reduced dietary folic acid intake from food and supplements and successfully lowered serum and RBC folate without resulting harmful effects. Data from this study supports future intervention trials with a larger prostate cancer active surveillance population and has the potential to reduce prostate cancer progression. There are no interventions to reduce progression of prostate cancer in man on active surveillance.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis management.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a disease that affects many herds in the US, however, the epidemiology of the disease is complicated and control is frustrating for many producers. This article discusses putative causes of IBK and approaches to understanding the causes of success and apparent failure in IBK control programs.
The Universality of Laban Movement Analysis

iv Chapter 1 LMA and Me 5 Chapter 2 Historical Analysis 7 A Brief Biography 7 Just the Facts: Laban from 1933-1936 10 Why Stay? Compatible Ideology? 17 Of the Warm Wind and the New Joy 22 The Power of Movement and the Nazi Olympics 28 Laban in the Clear 37 Chapter 3 Creating the Body of the Character 39 LMA as Actor Training 39 B.E.S.S.: A Brief Introduction 40 Knowing Yourself and Widening the Palette 45 Organization, Intention, and Objective 49 Risk Taking in Space 55 Dynamic Alignment: Tension as an actor’s greatest enemy 58 Stories from the Classroom: Theory to Practice 62 Favorite Exercises 69 Conclusion 72 Appendix 74 Bibliography 80
Trophic Effects of Gut Peptides

The sections in this article are: 1 History 2 Gastrin 2.1 Effects 2.2 Physiological Significance 2.3 Clinical Significance 3 Cholecystokinin 3.1 Effects 3.2 Physiological Significance 4 Secretin 5 Somatostatin 6 Bombesin 7 Enteroglucagon-Glucagon 8 Epidermal Growth Factor 9 Other Peptides 10 Summary
IMPACT OF THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON

The intensity and spatial variations in the North American Southwest Monsoon are examined to determine the influence of the Southern Oscillation. Sixty-five years (1920–1984) of July and August monthly precipitation data from Arizona and New Mexico are normalized using a square root transformation, converted into z-scores, and stratified according to onset and following years for Warm Events and Cold Events of the Southern Oscillation. The results for July reveal different spatial patterns in the monsoonal precipitation for the extremes of the Southern Oscillation. Warm-Event onset years are associated with positive precipitation anomalies that decline along a northeast-to-southwest gradient across the study area whereas the Cold-Event onset years produce highest positive values in west-central Arizona and negative values throughout the eastern two-thirds of the study area. Spatial patterns for the August precipitation data do not appear to be influenced by the extremes of the Southern Oscillation. [Key w...
What Happens When the Research Ends? Factors Related to the Sustainability of a Technology-Infused Mathematics Curriculum

this study examines factors related to the sustainability of simcalc mathworlds (scmW), a technology-infused mathematics curriculum. We surveyed middle school teachers one year after their participation in a randomized trial where they were introduced to scmW curriculum, to identify factors related to their continued use of the materials in ways congruent with the developers’ intent. Fifty-two percent of teachers surveyed sustained their use of the scmW curriculum. Factors related to sustained use included student ses, preintervention student mathematics ability, teachers’ perceived coherence and perceived utility of the intervention, and the active nature of the scmW professional development.
Amino‐terminal residues dictate the export efficiency of the Campylobacter jejuni filament proteins via the flagellum

Summary Bacterial flagella play an essential role in the pathogenesis of numerous enteric pathogens. The flagellum is required for motility, colonization, and in some instances, for the secretion of effector proteins. In contrast to the intensively studied flagella of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, the flagella of Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Vibrio cholerae are less well characterized and composed of multiple flagellin subunits. This study was performed to gain a better understanding of flagellin export from the flagellar type III secretion apparatus of C. jejuni. The flagellar filament of C. jejuni is comprised of two flagellins termed FlaA and FlaB. We demonstrate that the amino-termini of FlaA and FlaB determine the length of the flagellum and motility of C. jejuni. We also demonstrate that protein-specific residues in the amino-terminus of FlaA and FlaB dictate export efficiency from the flagellar type III secretion system (T3SS) of Yersinia enterocolitica. These findings demonstrate that key residues within the amino-termini of two nearly identical proteins influence protein export efficiency, and that the mechanism governing the efficiency of protein export is conserved among two pathogens belonging to distinct bacterial classes. These findings are of additional interest because C. jejuni utilizes the flagellum to export virulence proteins.
Wealth in America . By Lisa Keister. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. x, 307. $59.59, cloth; $19.95, paper. Inheritance and Wealth in America . Edited by Robert K. Miller Jr. and Stephen J. McNamee. New York: Plenum Press, 1998. Pp. xiii, 226. $49.50.

The first of the two books, Wealth in America , fills an important gap in the recent literature on inequality in America. The most recent comprehensive treatment of wealth inequality in the United States is, perhaps, Robert Lampman's book, The Share of Top Wealth-Holders in National Wealth, 1922–56 , (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962). However, its coverage of wealth inequality ends in 1956.
Preparation of the COP Catalysts: [(S)-COP-OAc]2, [(S)-COP-Cl]2, and (S)-COP-hfacac

(eta5-(S)-2-(4-Methylethyl)oxazolinylcyclopentadieny)-(eta4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt Palladium(II) acetate (S)-COP-OAc (S)-COP-Cl Sodium hexafluoracetylacetonate (S)-COP-hfacac Keywords: (S)-COP-OAc dimer; COP catalysts; large-scale preparation; palladation; chiral complexes; oxazoline; enantiopure compounds; asymmetric rearrangements; solubility waste disposal
Continuous amino acid analysis

Abstract The improved procedure for continuous amino acid analysis offers unattended operation over a period of 96 hr. by introducing an automatic system for sequential application of 24 samples to a single chromatographic column. This device consists of a set of two 24-port rotary valves working in synchrony; it is used for automatic sample selection, thus replacing the 6-port valve for automatic column selection. The stepwise 4-buffer elution program still is the same as described earlier and again it is regulated by a 4-port rotary valve. Chances in chromatographic resolution through aging of the columns over long periods of operation are discussed. Timely repouring of the resin restores the original resolution.
Building solutions: One molecule at a time

Theoretical and spectroscopic studies of small water clusters have yielded important insights into the structural and dynamic properties of water and aqueous solutions. In their Perspective, Huneycutt and Saykally highlight the report Robertson et al ., who show that the first solvation shells of the fluoride and hydroxide anions contain exactly five and four water molecules, respectively. In a related study, Asmis et al . report the spectrum of the protonated water dimer. Such studies may shed light on processes not only in bulk liquid water but also the atmosphere.
High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography with use of femtosecond lasers

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently developed technique for performing cross-sectional imaging of internal microstructure in biological and other systems.1
Proof of concept Naval Oeanographic Office Survey Operations Center

The Naval Oceanographic Office Survey Operations Center (SOC) consists of an integrated shipboard satellite communications suite and a land-based data management system capable of transferring, managing, monitoring, and validating survey data from the field. The asymmetric satellite data link consists of 2048 kb/s from the ship and 384 kb/s back to the ship. The communications system consists of a 2.7-meter C/Ku-Band satellite antenna, servers, routers, encryptors, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Content Delivery System, Internet access, video teleconferencing, and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) telephone service. The SOC-based management system integrates COTS software and custom software, allowing geographic information system applications to track the survey assets. Installation of the first communications suite was performed aboard USNS PATHFINDER in April 2001, followed by a successful proof of concept demonstration of the complete system in June 2001. During this proof of concept demonstration, underway multibeam swath bathymetry, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth, Expendable Bathythermograph, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, navigation, underway bioluminescence, and subbottom profiler data were transmitted across the satellite link, along with video, Internet, and VOIP telephone service. This paper provides implementation details regarding the proof of concept demonstration of the SOC.
Higher-volume hypertonic saline and increased thrombotic risk in pediatric traumatic brain injury

Abstract Purpose Hyperosmolar therapy is a mainstay in the acute medical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Emerging literature suggests that a hyperosmolar state may lead to thrombotic complications. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between hypertonic saline (HTS) and the outcome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in pediatric patients with severe TBI. Materials and methods This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of 58 patients admitted to the intensive care unit at a Level 1 pediatric trauma center between January 2010 and June 2013. Main measurements included volume of HTS administration, serum sodium levels, DVT confirmed with ultrasonography, survival at 30 days postinjury, and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results The cumulative total bolus volume of HTS (mL/kg) given to each subject was associated with DVT ( P = .01). Peak sodium level and 72-hour sustained sodium levels were associated with DVT ( P = .05). A sustained sodium level of at least 160 mmol/L was associated with DVT ( P = .02). Conclusion In children with severe TBI, the total bolus volume of 3% HTS and sustained sodium levels greater than 160 mmol/L are independently associated with DVT.
Accelerating sparse matrix computations via data compression

Sparse matrix computations are important for many scientific computations, with matrix-vector multiplication being a fundamental operation for modern iterative algorithms. For large sparse matrices, the primary performance limitation on matrix-vector product is memory bandwidth, rather than algorithm performance. In fact, the wide disparity between memory bandwidth and CPU performance suggests that one could trade cycles for bandwidth and still improve the time to compute a matrix-vector product. Accordingly, this paper presents an approach to improving the performance of matrix-vector product based on lossless compression of the index information commonly stored in sparse matrix representations. Two compressed formats, and their multiplication algorithms, are given, along with experimental results demonstrating their effectiveness. For an assortment of large sparse matrices, compression ratios and corresponding speedups of up to 30% are achieved. The efficiency of the compression algorithm allows its cost to be easily amortized across repeated matrix-vector products.
Pelvic organ myiasis.

Background Myiasis is infestation with dipterous larvae, which feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food. Case A 76-year-old, multiparous woman presented at a tertiary care hospital in India with vaginal discharge and itching for 3 weeks. The patient had a health care attendant who apparently failed to notice the problems she was experiencing. Pelvic examination revealed grade 2 uterine prolapse. Vaginal discharge was purulent, foul smelling, and contained several 8-10-mm white maggots of Musca domestica (housefly). Turpentine oil was instilled locally, and maggots were removed manually. The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. Maggot removal was repeated weekly for 3 weeks until no further maggots were present. Hysteroscopy was normal. The prolapsed uterus was replaced in its anatomic position with vaginal pessary. Conclusion Decreased physical and mental capabilities due to old age and poor care by health providers can lead to maggot infestation of prolapsed pelvic organs.
Augmentation of Plasticity of the Central Auditory System by the Basal Forebrain and/or Somatosensory Cortex

Auditory conditioning (associative learning) or focal electric stimulation of the primary auditory cortex (AC) evokes reorganization (plasticity) of the cochleotopic (frequency) map of the inferior...
Pentagastrin-induced sleep panic attacks: panic in the absence of elevated baseline arousal

Abstract Background It has been suggested that pharmacological challenges that induce panic attacks are confounded by effects of environmental stress, elevated baseline arousal, and expectancy bias. Methods To control for effects of arousal and cognition on the panicogenic effects of pentagastrin, pharmacological challenges were conducted during sleep in seven patients with panic disorder or social phobia. All patients had previously experienced pentagastrin-induced panic while awake. Infusions of normal saline and pentagastrin (0.6 μg/kg) were administered in fixed order and timed so that pentagastrin infusions took place during the transition from Stage 2 to Stage 3 sleep. Long intravenous lines were placed for remote blood sampling and subsequent analysis of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. Measures of anxiety and panic were obtained at baseline and upon awakening after pharmacological challenge. Results All seven subjects awoke within seconds following pentagastrin infusion. Four patients reported symptoms that met criteria for panic. Neither baseline anxiety nor neuroendocrine measures were predictive of panic. Conclusions These data demonstrate the ability to induce panic during a period of diminishing arousal and indicate that panic attacks can occur in the absence of elevated arousal and environmental stress.
The logico-linguistic evidence underlying Montague's language descriptions

Richard Montague's analyses of certain fragments of English have deservedly received much attention as the first sophisticated attempts to use model theoretic semantics for natural language description. They are especially interesting in that they exploit for linguistic purposes the apparatus of intensional logic developed in the 1960's by Kripke and others. In view of the influence they have had it is natural to ask: How accurate are these language analyses, regarded as empirical descriptions of actual English? And in particular, how successful is their use of the intensional apparatus? Montague presents detailed syntactic and semantic rules for three fragments of English. The first, which I shall call Fragment I, is described in his (1970a); the second, or Fragment II, in his (1970b); and the third, Fragment III, in his (1973). I wish to examine here the descriptive accuracy of his semantical rules for these fragments, those for Fragment I in some detail and those for Fragments II and III more briefly. Some prior acquaintance with the three relevant papers will be assumed; they are conveniently available in Thomason (1974), to which my pagination will refer. I should warn the reader that I plan to make the examination of Montague's work a vehicle for illustrating my own ideas about how evidence may be brought to bear in testing linguistic hypotheses.
Automatic Synthesis Of Greedy Programs

This paper describes a knowledge based approach to automatically generate Lisp programs using the Greedy method of algorithm design. The system's knowledge base is composed of heuristics for recognizing problems amenable to the Greedy method and knowledge about the Greedy strategy itself (i.e., rules for local optimization, constraint satisfaction, candidate ordering and candidate selection). The system has been able to generate programs for a wide variety of problems including the job-scheduling problem, the 0-1 knapsack problem, the minimal spanning tree problem, and the problem of arranging files on tape to minimize access time. For the special class of problems called matroids, the synthesized program provides optimal solutions, whereas for most other problems the solutions are near-optimal.
Excretion of dissolved organic carbon by eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its epiphytes1

The release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its epiphytic community was examined in a shallow estuarine system near Beaufort, North Carolina. Excretion by eelgrass alone, by epiphytes alone, and by heavily epiphytized eelgrass was determined by radiocarbon techniques using carbon 14. The percent of total photosynthate excreted was small in all cases: 0.9 percent for heavily colonized plants, 1.5 percent for Zostera alone, and 2.0 percent for the epiphytic community. The amount released by the eelgrass and epiphytes was proportional to the total amount of carbon fixed. Excretion rates in the dark were much lower than in the light. The rate of excretion increased after the plant underwent desiccation. The annual primary production and DOC excretion by phytoplankton, cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), and the eelgrass community was estimated: 47 percent of the total annual primary production and 14 percent of the total excreted material was contributed by eelgrass and its epiphytes. Thus the eelgrass and epiphytes can play an important role in carbon cycling in estuarine systems.
Women Ph.D. Students in Engineering and a Nuanced Terrain: Avoiding and Revealing Gender

Tensions regarding gender emerged from interviews conducted with 20 women Ph.D. students. This article does not focus explicitly on the reasons for women’s continued underrepresentation in engineering. Rather the students’ explanations for underrepresentation serve as a case study with which to analyze their gendered experiences. They avoid freely narrating their own gendered experiences but reveal the gendered experiences of other women. Engineering’s strong gender-neutral discourse remains powerful enough for women to continue claiming that hard work and perseverance will result in success, despite experiences and observations that tell them otherwise.
Comment on Victoria Basolo and Mai Thi Nguyen's “Does mobility matter? The neighborhood conditions of housing voucher holders by race and ethnicity”

Basolo and Nguyen examine the variation in the quality of neighborhoods where households in the Santa Ana, CA, Housing Choice Voucher Program reside. They find that the program is not helping most participating households move to significantly better neighborhoods. The authors identify obstacles confronted by participating households—obstacles indicating that it may be time to rethink the workings of the program. For the voucher program to address the goals of deconcentrating poverty and racial minorities, intensive housing placement assistance is needed. Such assistance would guide households out of their impoverished neighborhoods and into neighborhoods where an influx of poor households would do no harm. While this may mean some reduction in the freedom of choice participating households enjoy, it could greatly improve the capacity of the program to serve the national goals of deconcentration of poverty and minorities.
Vowel formant discrimination II: Effects of stimulus uncertainty, consonantal context, and training

This study is one in a series that has examined factors contributing to vowel perception in everyday listening. Four experimental variables have been manipulated to examine systematical differences between optimal laboratory testing conditions and those characterizing everyday listening. These include length of phonetic context, level of stimulus uncertainty, linguistic meaning, and amount of subject training. The present study investigated the effects of stimulus uncertainty from minimal to high uncertainty in two phonetic contexts, /V/ or /bVd/, when listeners had either little or extensive training. Thresholds for discriminating a small change in a formant for synthetic female vowels /I,ɛ,ae,ɑ,ʌ,o/ were obtained using adaptive tracking procedures. Experiment 1 optimized extensive training for five listeners by beginning under minimal uncertainty (only one formant tested per block) and then increasing uncertainty from 8-to-16-to-22 formants per block. Effects of higher uncertainty were less than expected; performance only decreased by about 30%. Thresholds for CVCs were 25% poorer than for isolated vowels. A previous study using similar stimuli [Kewley-Port and Zheng, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2945–2958 (1999)] determined that the ability to discriminate formants was degraded by longer phonetic context. A comparison of those results with the present ones indicates that longer phonetic context degrades formant frequency discrimination more than higher levels of stimulus uncertainty. In experiment 2, performance in the 22-formant condition was tracked over 1 h for 37 typical listeners without formal laboratory training. Performance for typical listeners was initially about 230% worse than for trained listeners. Individual listeners’ performance ranged widely with some listeners occasionally achieving performance similar to that of the trained listeners in just one hour.
Hybrid optoelectronic digitally tunable receiver

A rapidly tunable receiver intended for wavelength-division multiple-access systems is constructed from an integrated optic grating demultiplexer, photodetector array and an amplifier/selector chip.
Comparison of Rate Control versus Rhythm Control for Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Coexisting Heart Failure: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis

Study Objective. To compare lifetime costs and health outcomes of rate control versus rhythm control for management of atrial fibrillation in patients with coexisting heart failure from the third-party payer perspective. Design. A Markov decision analysis model constructed from costs, utility, and transition probability inputs obtained from randomized clinical trials and publically available databases. Patients. A simulated cohort aged 65 years or older with persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Measurements and Main Results. Markov states for rhythm control were cardioversion plus amiodarone and maintenance amiodarone, and those for rate control were β-blocker, digoxin, and calcium channel blocker. Transition states included treatment success, hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation and/or heart failure, and severe adverse effects. Economic inputs included cost for drugs, cost of hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation and/or heart failure, and cost of management of severe adverse effects. Costs were measured in 2009 U.S. dollars, and clinical outcomes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). One-way and multivariable sensitivity analyses were conducted. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were obtained from probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Rate control was found to be less costly and more effective than rhythm control. Base case and probabilistic sensitivity analyses cost and effectiveness values for rate control were $7231 (95% UI $5517–9016) and 2.395 QALYs (95% UI 2.366–2.424 QALYs); whereas those for rhythm control were $16,291 (95% UI $11,033–21,434) and 2.197 QALYs (95% UI 2.155–2.237 QALYs). No critical values were found for any model parameters in the one-way sensitivity analyses. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that rate control was considered cost-effective in 100% of cases at willingness-to-pay ratios between $0 and $200,000/QALY. Conclusion. Rate control is less costly and more effective than rhythm control and should be the initial treatment for atrial fibrillation among patients with coexisting heart failure.
Rigid extensions of algebraic frames

An extension G ≤ H of lattice-ordered groups is said to be a rigid extension if for each \({h \in H}\) there exists a \({g \in G}\) such that h⊥⊥ = g⊥⊥. In this paper, we will define rigid extensions and some other generalizations in the context of algebraic frames satisfying the FIP. One of the main results is a characterization of rigid extensions using d-elements of the frame. We also show that a rigid extension between two algebraic frames satisfying the FIP will induce a homeomorphism between their corresponding minimal prime spaces with respect to both the hull-kernel topology and the inverse topology. Moreover, basic open sets map to basic open sets.
The influence of examiners' ethnic attributes on intelligence test scores

The study investigated the effect of examiners' ethnicity on the intelligence test performance of Anglo and Mexican-American subjects. Two verbal subtests of the WISC and the Raven Progressive Matrices, a nonverbal intelligence test, were administered by two Anglo and two Mexican-American examiners. All subjects (N=96) were given half the items of each test by an Anglo and half by a Mexican-American examiner. On two of the three tests, the subjects' performance was unaffected by examiner's ethnic attributes. On the WISC Vocabulary, however, Mexican-American subjects scored significantly higher when the test was administered by Mexican-American examiners. The generalizability of these results and their implications for learning in schools are discussed.