cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Library Outreach and Instruction to Academic Departments of Military Science and ROTC Cadets

ABSTRACTColleges and universities across the United States have seen increases in the number of students of traditional college age choosing to enter college and the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) simultaneously to attain college degrees and begin their military careers. ROTC students, cadets, will benefit from knowledge of library services and resources and from specialized library outreach and instruction. Librarians who understand the military system and culture, and who examine their own attitudes toward military service, will be better prepared to work with military science faculty and ROTC cadets. The outreach session to the Department of Military Science/ROTC and the one-session library instruction provided to ROTC cadets by librarians at a Midwestern, comprehensive university are described and assessed.
Resection Cavity Contraction Effects in the Use of Radioactive Sources (1-25 versus Cs-131) for Intra-Operative Brain Implants.

Background and Objectives Intra-parenchymal brain surgical resection cavities usually contract in volume following low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy implants. In this study, we systematically modeled and assessed dose variability resulting from such changes for I-125 versus Cs-131 radioactive sources. Methods Resection cavity contraction was modeled based on 95 consecutive patient cases, using surveillance magnetic resonance (MR) images. The model was derived for single point source geometry and then fully simulated in 3D where I-125 or Cs-131 seeds were placed on the surface of an ellipsoidal resection cavity. Dose distribution estimated via TG-43 calculations and biological effective dose (BED) calculations were compared for both I-125 and Cs-131, accounting for resection cavity contractions. Results Resection cavity volumes were found to contract with an effective half-life of approximately 3.4 months (time to reach 50% of maximum volume contraction). As a result, significant differences in dose distributions were noted between I-125 and Cs-131 radioactive sources. For example, when comparing with static volume, assuming no contraction effect, I-125 exhibited a 31.8% and 30.5% increase in D90 and D10 values (i.e., the minimal dose to 90% and 10% of the volume respectively) in the peripheral target areas over the follow-up period of 20.5 months. In contrast, Cs-131 seeds only exhibited a 1.44% and 0.64% increase in D90 and D10 values respectively. Such discrepancy is likewise similar for BED calculations. Conclusion Resection cavity contractions affects Cs-131 dose distribution significantly less than that of I-125 for permanent brain implants. Care must be taken to account for cavity contractions when prescribing accumulative doses of a radioactive source in performing the brain implant procedures.
Contraceptive effect of varying dosages of progestogen in silastic vaginal rings

PIP: The contraceptive effect of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in silastic cylindrical vaginal rings (75 mm outside diameter, 7 mm thick) molded around metal springs and placed in diaphragm position was investigated in 19 noncontracepting, regularly-cycling women (7 of whom were placebo controls) over 2 pretreatment control cycles, 1 treatment cycle (rings inserted for 3 weeks) and 1 post-treatment recovery cycle. Basal body temperature (BBT) was recorded daily, and 24-hour urine collected on the eighth and twenty-second day of each cycle. Erosion and ulceration of vaginal mucosa was observed in 13 women with medicated and nonmedicated rings. Rings were removed in 4 out of 10 nulliparas due to discomfort. Of 8 women with treated rings in place for 3 weeks who had presumptive evidence of ovulation in control cycles (biphasic BBT curve, significant elevation in excreted pregnanediol level in luteal phase compared to follicular phase), none had llteal phase elevation of pregnanediol excretion; a sustained rise in BBT to luteal phase levels within 1-3 days of insertion was observed in all and a fall in BBT in 6 of 8 after removal; 2 showed breakthrough bleeding during treatment, and 7 showed withdrawal bleeding, which was no greater in amount or duration than previous menses, after removal. In the recovery cycle, 5 of 8 showed a biphasic BBT curve. 7 subjects with nonmedicated rings showed no early sustained rise in BBT after insertion, nor any breakthrough bleeding; 5 had presumptive evidence of ovulation. After removal it was determined that 11-27 mg of MPA was lost from each ring during the 3 weeks. Future studies are needed (1) with smaller rings without psrings to determine if rings stay in place and if vaginal erosion is decreased; (2) to determine the incidence and duration of delay of ovulation following removal; and (3) to determine if use of progestogen impregnated silastic rings is practical for prolonged contraception.
Bio-viscoelastic Solids

Solids provide “body” to living organisms and are proper provinces of biomechanics. Some biosolids are more “elastic,” others are more “viscous”; altogether they are viscoelastic.
EuropeanaLabs: An Infrastructure to Support the Development of Europeana

This document describes the Europeana Development and communication infrastructure, called EuropeanaLabs, built inside the EU projects Europeana and Europeana v. 2. The EuropeanaLabs consists of a number of servers, storages and communication devices; it is used to create Virtual Machines, called sandboxes, used by Europeana foundation communities. EuropeanaLabs provides a test environment, for applications and demos, to several cultural heritage and technology projects, most of them funded by EU, in addition it features a set of servers for cooperative work. In this paper we present the general architecture of the EuropeanaLabs infrastructure.
High-κ gate dielectric materials

A number of materials are currently under consideration to replace SiO 2 and SiO x N y as a key component of Si-based integrated-circuit technology: the gate dielectric for the transistor. Selecting new high-κ gate dielectric materials systems requires the consideration of many properties, which may be divided into two broad categories: (1) fundamental materials properties that include permittivity, barrier height, stability in direct contact with Si, and film morphology; and (2) device processing, integration, and performance issues such as interface quality, gate compatibility, process compatibility, and reliability. The issues that both of these categories encompass must be simultaneously addressed for any successful, manufacturable gate dielectric solution. We provide an overview of these issues in light of the accompanying articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin.
Frequent dysregulation of the c-maf proto-oncogene at 16q23 by translocation to an Ig locus in multiple myeloma

Dysregulation of oncogenes by translocation to an IgH (14q32) or IgL (kappa, 2p11 or lambda, 22q11) locus is a frequent event in the pathogenesis of B-cell tumors. Translocations involving an IgH locus and a diverse but nonrandom array of chromosomal loci occur in most multiple myeloma (MM) tumors even though the translocations often are not detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. In a continuing analysis of translocations in 21 MM lines, we show that the novel, karyotypically silent t(14;16)(q32.3;q23) translocation is present in 5 MM lines, with cloned breakpoints from 4 lines dispersed over an approximately 500-kb region centromeric to the c-maf proto-oncogene at 16q23. Another line has a t(16;22)(q23;q11), with the breakpoint telomeric to c-maf, so that the translocation breakpoints in these 6 lines bracket c-maf. Only these 6 lines overexpress c-maf mRNA. As predicted for dysregulation of c-maf by translocation, there is selective expression of one c-maf allele in 2 informative lines with translocations. This is the first human tumor in which the basic zipper c-maf transcription factor is shown to function as an oncogene.
The Revised ISO Standard 11228-1 on Manual Lifting, Lowering and Carrying: Special Focus on Extensions of the Revised NIOSH Lift Equation and a Strategy for Interpretation

This short paper summarizes a number of the revisions to the ISO 11228-1 standard on manual lifting, lowering and carrying related to the use and extensions of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE). The extensions allow the RNLE to be applied to more complex multiple lifting tasks that are commonly found in industry and warehousing. Also reviewed is a recommend approach to interpreting the calculated result (LI, CLI, SLI, VLI) of the RNLE and its extensions.
Parents Support Teach-back, Demonstration, and a Postdischarge Phone Call to Augment Discharge Education.

OBJECTIVES: To identify caregiver preferences for discharge education components, content, and techniques. METHODS: Before discharge education, a 9-question structured interview was performed with caregivers of children from 2 populations admitted to the hospital medicine service: patients with asthma (age 2–17 years) or children who were not dependent on technology (age RESULTS: The interview was administered to 100 caregivers. More than 90% of caregivers believed that instruction regarding follow-up appointments, medications, and reasons to call the pediatrician or return to the emergency department were important aspects of discharge education. Caregivers also identified a desire for education on their child’s condition, care at home, and illness prevention. Most caregivers reported that teach-back, early discharge education, and a postdischarge phone call would be beneficial. Caregivers varied in their preferences for written, verbal, and video instruction, whereas live demonstration was rated almost universally as an effective method by 97% of caregivers (P CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we provide insight into caregivers’ perspectives on the content, timing, and style of education needed to promote a safe transition of care from the hospital to the home. These findings add caregiver support to the expert consensus in Project Improving Pediatric Patient-Centered Care Transitions and elucidate additional themes to aid in further study and optimization of discharge education.
LP Based Integration of Computing and Science Education in Middle Schools

There is a consensus on integrating computing with STEM teaching in K-12. However, very little is known about the integration. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for integrating science and computational thinking teaching using Logic Programming. We then develop and implement two 8-session integration modules on chemistry and physics for 6th and 7th graders. Pre- and post- tests, class observations and interviews show the feasibility of the framework in terms of 1) development and implementation of the modules, and 2) the students' learning outcomes on science content and Computational Thinking, and their acceptance of the integration.
Attacking HDMI distribution networks: poster

The High Definition Multimedia Interface or HDMI is the core and primary standard for Audio/Video communication in various media devices. HDMI allows flexible interaction between devices within HDMI distribution networks. Existing security standards and mechanism only protect traditional networking components. A user may mistakenly believe that a device is secure and an adversary may prove them otherwise. In this ongoing work, we show that by leveraging CEC to an attackers advantage. It is feasible for an attacker to reach devices which were formerly unreachable, and gain arbitrary control of HDMI devices. Specifically, we demonstrate it is possible to execute malicious device analysis, eavesdrop, and perform targeted Denial-of-Service attacks.
Impact of Coarse-Grained Power Gate Placement on a Fine-Grained System Design

With the 54th commemoration of Moores law and the intense development of VLSI technology has permitted more and more IP components to be integrated on a single chip. However, factors such as power consumption has been limiting this growth rate. Low power techniques such as clock gating, power gating, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, body biasing, and many more have emerged as potential solutions. This paper explores power gating technique and presents the design trade-offs between the ring and grid style of power gate placement in a fine-grained system design. The study used 24 physical designs of 12 different sized MAC units ranging from 44 to 320-bit inputs, and extracted various parameters. The results depict that, using a ring style of placement gives an average increase in IR drop of 9.59% when compared to grid style of placement for 128 to 320-bits input MAC unit. The grid style possesses an additional average congestion of 1.66% when compared to ring style of placement for 192 to 320-bits input MAC unit.
Approaching the Thyroid Gland: North vs South—Is There an Optimal Endoscopic Technique?

There are many different forms of remote access or “scarless” thyroid approaches. Currently, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) and robotic bilateral axillobreast appro...
Current and emerging systemic treatments targeting the neural system for chronic pruritus

Pruritus is a debilitating symptom that significantly affects the quality of life of patients who suffer from it. Many current and emerging systemic treatments targeting the neural system have been...
Gradual segregation of Adult Stem Cells and Niche cells during development from common precursors under the guidance of graded extracellular signals

Adult stem cell function relies on the prior specification and organization of appropriate numbers of stem cells and supportive niche cells during development. Insights into those developmental processes could facilitate the synthesis of organoid mimics. Drosophila Follicle Stem Cells (FSCs) present an amenable paradigm with many similarities to mammalian gut stem cells. In an adult germarium a central domain of about 16 FSCs produces a posterior stream of transit-amplifying Follicle Cells (FCs), which encapsulate mature germline cysts to support egg development and, from their anterior face, quiescent Escort Cells (EC), which support the maturation of germline cysts. The behavior of FSCs is guided in part by niche signals produced by ECs and by a specialized polar cell FC derivative. Thus, ECs and FCs are both adult stem cell products and niche cells. Here we show by lineage analyses that adult ECs, FSCs and FCs derive from common precursors during pupal development. We infer that disparities in initial anterior-posterior (AP) precursor location followed by limited dispersal of progeny leads to a gradual acquisition of distinct fates determined by final AP location, with progeny of a single precursor commonly straddling EC and FSC, FSC and FC, or all three territories through most of pupal development. Direct visualization of pupal ovaries, including live imaging revealed a transient population of FC precursors posterior to the developing germarium awaiting emergence of the most mature germline cyst. The consequent budding process was quite different from the budding of egg chambers in adults. An anterior to posterior gradient of Wnt signaling develops shortly after pupariation. Loss of pathway activity cell autonomously resulted in more posterior adult progeny fates, while increased pathway activity elicited the opposite response, suggesting that stronger Wnt signaling favors anterior migration. Clearly detectable JAK-STAT pathway activity emerges only halfway through pupation after polar cells form, and spreads from posterior to anterior. Loss of JAK-STAT activity had similar consequences to increased Wnt pathway activity, drastically reducing FSC and FC production cell autonomously, while increased JAK-STAT activity promoted excessive precursor proliferation. We conclude that FSCs develop in co-ordination with their niche and product cells, that specification of stem cell identity is gradual, subject to stochastic influences and guided by graded extracellular signals, presaging similar regulation of adult stem cell behavior by the same pathways.
Current Management of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

The purpose of this article is to provide a current review of the most important management principles for evaluation and treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Numerical staging systems have been adapted many times over the years, but a new nominal staging system based on specific anatomical site involvement and residual internal carotid artery vascularization helps to provide a more comprehensive alternative for evaluation. An expanding body of evidence supports the use of an endoscopic surgical approach to reduce risk of tumor recurrence and reduce intraoperative blood loss. With minimally invasive, endoscopic techniques available, the primary treatment modality for JNA remains surgery. However, gamma knife radiosurgery can be useful in a multimodality approach to more advanced cases of JNA and to address recurrence in the immediate postoperative period. This review focuses on the evaluation and surgical management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with emphasis placed on the most current staging systems, the necessity for preoperative embolization, the endoscopic approach to resection, and the adjuvant therapies that are available.
Smart Education: Opportunities and Challenges Induced by COVID-19 Pandemic : [A Survey-Based Study]

The viability of online education and comparisons of modes of education have long been a topic in educational study. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic declared in Spring 2020, a stay-at-home order was made in many cities in the United States and other countries, which caused the conversion of university education entirely online right in the middle of a semester. Students have experienced both face-to-face and online instruction in a single semester with almost the same duration. This paper discusses our survey-based study of over 300 students taking a course from the departments in computing and engineering college of a higher education institution in the US, in order to understand the effectiveness of face-to-face and online education through quantitative and qualitative research methods. The familiarity of online resources is relatively high to students and instructors in the computing and engineering disciplines than other disciplines. That technology use itself might be less likely a barrier in the instruction allows us to focus on the effectiveness of teaching and learning. We also offer discussions on the challenges and opportunities of online education that are likely to be a persistent future education option.
A global reconnaissance of particulates and metals/metalloids in untreated drinking water sources

Metal and metalloid contamination in drinking water sources is a global concern, particularly in developing countries. This study used hollow membrane water filters and metal-capturing polyurethane foams to sample 71 drinking water sources in 22 different countries. Field sampling was performed with sampling kits prepared in the lab at Hope College in Holland, MI, USA. Filters and foams were sent back to the lab after sampling, and subsequent analysis of flushates and rinsates allowed the estimation of suspended solids and metal and other analayte concentrations in source waters. Estimated particulate concentrations were 0–92 mg/L, and consisted of quartz, feldspar, and clay, with some samples containing metal oxides or sulfide phases. As and Cu were the only analytes which occurred above the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 10 μg/L and 2000 μg/L, respectively, with As exceeding the guideline in 45% of the sources and Cu in 3%. Except for one value of ~ 285 μg/L, As concentrations were 45–200 μg/L (river), 65–179 μg/L (well), and 112–178 μg/L (tap). Other metals (Ce, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) with no WHO guideline were also detected, with Mn the most common. This study demonstrated that filters and foams can be used for reconnaissance characterization of untreated drinking water. However, estimated metal and other analyte concentrations could only be reported as minimum values due to potential incomplete retrieval of foam-bound analytes. A qualitative reporting methodology was used to report analytes as “present” if the concentration was below the WHO guideline, and “present-recommend retesting” if the concentration was quantifiable and above the WHO guideline.
Ambient Supercavities of Slender Bodies of Revolution

Slender-body theory is applied in an analysis of the flow about the general supercavitating streamlined body of revolution. The formulation is specialized to the case of ambient cavity pressure (zero cavitation number) for the specific analysis conducted. Numerical procedures are outlined. The methodology is demonstrated in calculating the cavity shapes, surface velocity distributions, and cavity form drag coefficients for three idealized bodies. These are the convex paraboloid, the conical frustrum, and the concave paraboloid. Characteristic differences in the flows in each of the cases are discussed.
A NEW APPROACH TO NUMERICAL FAIRING AND LOFTING

A procedure is set forth for generating a table of offsets describing a fair hull surface without recourse to iterative fairing of the lines. A mathematical representation of the entire surface is built up from a small number of defining functions (either graphically or analytically described) whose shapes are closely related to features of the usual lines drawings. Although the method is fast enough for hand calculation, two ways are suggested for employing machine computation; one resulting in offsets sufficiently precise to eliminate further fairing from the full-scale lofting. Completely worked-out examples of both the graphical and the computer procedures are appended.
Chapter 8 A novel rotational behavior model for assessing the restructuring of striatal dopamine effector systems: are transplants sensitive to peripherally acting drugs?

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects on apomorphine-induced turning behavior of rat fetal striatal tissue transplants into the lesioned striatum, and determines whether fetal striatal grafts might also possess a non-intact blood-brain barrier and permit the entry of drugs into the brain, which normally do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and therefore, are without central actions. The data presented in the chapter may indicate that the transplanted material possesses similar pharmacological properties as the original host tissue, and is capable of functionally restructuring damage to a complex neurochemical system. Domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, which does not readily cross the bloodbrain barrier, significantly attenuated the behavioral effects of apomorphine in rats, which had received bilateral transplants of rat fetal striatal tissue into unlesioned striata prior to challenge with apomorphine. Thus, the transplants appeared to allow access to the brain of a drug, which normally acts in the periphery, and it is suggested that other therapeutic agents may be allowed site-selective entry into the brain via transplanted tissue.
Biomolecular Computation in Virtual Test Tubes

Biomolecular computing (BMC) aims to capture the innumerable advantages that biological molecules have gained in the course of millions of years for computational purposes. While biomolecules have resolved fundamental problems as a parallel computer system that we are just beginning to decipher, BMC still suffers from our inability to harness these properties to bring biomolecular computations to levels of reliability, efficiency and scalability that are now taken for granted with solidstate based computers. In the same way that evolutionary algorithms capture, in silico, the key properties of natural evolution, we explore an alternative approach to exploiting these properties by building virtual test tubes in electronics that would capture the best of both worlds. We describe a distributed implementation of a virtual tube, EdnaCo, on a cluster of PCs that aims to capture the massive asynchronous parallelism of BMC. We report several experimental results, such as solutions to the Hamiltonian Path problem (HPP) for large families of graphs than has been possible on a single processor or has been actually carried out in wet labs. The results show that the paradigm of molecular computing can be implemented much more efficiently (in terms of time, cost, and probability of success) in silico than the corresponding wet experiments, at least in the range where eDNA can be practically run. Consequently, we pinpoint the appropriate range of problem sizes and properties where wet biomolecular solutions would offer superior solutions.
Genetic Influences on Peer and Family Relationships Across Adolescent Development: Introduction to the Special Issue

Nearly all aspects of human development are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, which conjointly shape development through several gene-environment interplay mechanisms. More recently, researchers have begun to examine the influence of genetic factors on peer and family relationships across the pre-adolescent and adolescent time periods. This article introduces the special issue by providing a critical overview of behavior genetic methodology and existing research demonstrating gene-environment processes operating on the link between peer and family relationships and adolescent adjustment. The overview is followed by a summary of new research studies, which use genetically informed samples to examine how peer and family environment work together with genetic factors to influence behavioral outcomes across adolescence. The studies in this special issue provide further evidence of gene-environment interplay through innovative behavior genetic methodological approaches across international samples. Results from the quantitative models indicate environmental moderation of genetic risk for coercive adolescent-parent relationships and deviant peer affiliation. The molecular genetics studies provide support for a gene-environment interaction differential susceptibility model for dopamine regulation genes across positive and negative peer and family environments. Overall, the findings from the studies in this special issue demonstrate the importance of considering how genes and environments work in concert to shape developmental outcomes during adolescence.
Hamiltonian Nonlinear Beam Dynamics

Deviations from linear beam dynamics in the form of perturbations and aberrations play an important role in accelerator physics. Beam parameters, quality and stability are determined by our ability to correct and control such perturbations. Hamiltonian formulation of nonlinear beam dynamics allows us to study, understand and quantify the effects of geometric and chromatic aberrations in higher order than discussed so far. Based on this understanding we may develop correction mechanisms to achieve more and more sophisticated beam performance. We will first discuss higher-order beam dynamics as an extension to the linear matrix formulation followed by specific discussions on aberrations. Finally, we develop the Hamiltonian perturbation theory for particle beam dynamics in accelerator systems.
The Politics of Migrant Health Care: A Comparative Study of Mexican Immigrants and Indochinese Refugees

Efforts to address the health care problems of undocumented migrants and refugees have typically lacked reliable information about their health status over time, their use of health services, and the nature and range of barriers that limit their access to adequate health care. This is the first comparative study of two sizable populations: Mexican immigrants (including both undocumented and legal permanent residents) and Southeast Asian refugees (from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, including the Hmong from Laos and ethnic Chinese from Vietnam). These populations represent polar opposite types of migrations, with many cultural, psychosocial and historical differences in both their contexts of exit and of reception in the Unites States. Structurally, however, these populations share many problems that limit their present and future access to health care. Their economic and legal-political status significantly affect their search for and utilization of health services. Both groups must also confront a variety of problems that arise out of cultural differences between medical practitioners and patients. A comparative analysis of their predicament sheds light on the nature and politics of migrant health care, and on the attendant dilemmas for health care planning and policy. The study is based on comprehensive surveys of large samples of Mexican immigrants and Indochinese refugees; nearly 3,000 in-depth interviews conducted in over 1,500 households in San Diego County, California; and field research in area hospitals and clinics. It examines the migration histories and social backgrounds of these populations, their demographic profiles, the range of health problems found among them, and factors affecting their health status and access to health care services — including legal, economic, social and cultural barriers that define their experience with the health care system — which are detailed both quantitatively and via qualitative case histories. The paper concludes with a review of policy options for improving access to health care for these populations.
Combining case-based reasoning, explanation-based learning, and learning from instruction

ABSTRACT Learning from instruction is a powerful technique for improving problem solving. An active student will predict the instructor's actions and then try to explain the differences from the predictions. We expand the concept of explanation beyond the provably correct explanations of Explanation-based learning to include other methods of explanation. The explanations can use deductions from causal domain knowledge, plausible inferences from the instructor's actions, previous cases of problem solving, and induction. The explanations result in improved diagnosis and improved future explanation. This combination of learning techniques leads to more opportunities to learn.
Education, ancient Near East

Throughout ancient Near Eastern history, apprentice scribes must have received their education in schools, where they learned the writing and reading skills they needed for their future professions. Curiously, though, most of the archaeological and textual evidence for scribal education comes from the Old Babylonian era of the early second millennium bce. Although no structures can be certainly identified as schools, at many sites archaeologists have found exercise tablets written by students. Round, bun-shaped tablets often feature a few lines of a teacher's handwriting on one side, copied on the other in the large, awkward script of a young student. Some of the more advanced writing exercises feature stories about life at school. Keywords: ancient Near East history; archives and documents; education
A GaAs pin-for-pin compatible replacement for the ECL 100474 4 K SRAM

In highest-speed cache memory systems, a RAM whose write cycle time is significantly slower than its read cycle time can pose a significant problem to system designers. To solve this problem, a plug-in replacement for the industry standard 100474 ECL RAM has been designed, and has improved read access time and greatly improved write cycle time. It is designed to operate with no change in performance over a wide range of VEE power supplies, from -4.2 V to -5.7 V. The RAM is processed using a standard 3-layer metal process, FETs with two different pinch-off voltages, and 4-inch GaAs wafers. A low-V/sub p/ FET with a nominal pinch-off of -0.15 V is used in the ramcell's cross-coupled latch and also in the low-power super-buffers in the periphery. A depletion FET with a nominal pinch-off of -0.65 V is used for the ramcell's pass gates and throughout the periphery. To improve yield, both row redundancy and column redundancy are implemented. The RAM has an optional VBB input (previously a no-connect on the 100474) which sets the input threshold for all inputs. If this VBB input is left floating or is tied to VEE, an internal switch connects an internal VBB reference to all the input buffers. >
A parallel genetic algorithm on the CM-2 for multi-modal optimization

A genetic algorithm is an optimization method well suited to be implemented on a SIMD machine; it deals with a population of individuals (Multiple Data) that evolve in parallel and undergo the same operations (Single Instruction). This paper presents a genetic algorithm with a dynamic division mechanism conceived on the Connection Machine-2 to treat multimodal optimization problems, i.e. search spaces with multiple maxima. The general idea of the algorithm is to dynamically divide the population into an increasing number of subpopulations to allow specialization on the different maxima discovered during the search process. The method is flexible because it requires practically no a-priori knowledge about the fitness function. Results of applications to multi-modal two-dimensional landscapes are presented. >
Preparation of Polyquinanes by Double Addition of Vinyl Anions to Squarate Esters: 4,5,6,6a-Tetrahydro-3a-Hydroxy-2,3-Diisopropoxy-4,6a-Dimethyl-1(3aH)-Pentalenone

Preparation of polyquinanes by double addition of vinyl anions to squarate esters: 4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3a-hydroxy-2,3-diisopropoxy-4,6a-dimethyl-1(3aH)-pentalenone product: 4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3a-hydroxy-2,3-diisopropoxy-4,6a-dimethyl-1(3aH)-pentalenone product: diquinane Keywords: cyclization, condensation; Grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; rearrangements; assay methods, for tert-butyllithium by double titration, with diphenylacetic acid; diisopropyl squarate, preparation; 2-lithiopropene; tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyllithium, extremely pyrophoric; diisopropyl squarate, irritant
Spirituality and Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment

Abstract Although many authors have called for researchers and providers to take seriously the issue of spirituality, the vast majority of theoretical and empirical work has emerged from a narrow focus on the spirituality of the Twelve-Step approach. Similarly, many authors have called for greater attention to cultural factors related to alcohol and other drug treatment, but with little clarity about how to create culturally competent programs and staff. This paper integrates the current research on spirituality with a cross-cultural perspective that broadens the concept of spirituality, making it more applicable to the types of clients who enter treatment.
Spouse-specific dependency scale : Scale development

Extreme emotional dependence in the primary relationship has been noted as a central motivational feature in wife abuse. We report the development of gender-specific scales on dependency specific to the marital relationship. One hundred fifty nine items were assigned to 15 scales according to conceptual similarity, and administered to 196 individuals in steady dating relationships. Principal components analysis followed by item analysis resulted in three factors that best represented the 15 rational scales for both men and women: Anxious Attachment, Exclusive Dependency, and Emotional Dependency. Clinical implications are discussed and areas for further research are suggested.
L17. What can we expect from the revised Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitis

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mercredi 27 fevrier 2013
Indirect Photo-Induced Phosphorylation Via a C-Ester Caged Troika Acid

Abstract Use of a photoremovable “caging” group allows the generation of reactive molecules under mild conditions. Photo-induced phosphorylations typically have involved attachment of the photosensitive group at phosphorus.[1] We now have investigated indirect photolytic activation of an unmodified phosphonic acid group using broad band UV (Hg lamp), 308 nm XeCl excimer laser or 355 nm YAC laser irradiation of the o-nitrobenzyl C-ester of “troika acid” [(E)-12]. In alcohols or neutral buffer, irradiation of (E)-2 gave phosphorylation of the solvent plus phosphorocyanidate, the expected 2-isomer product.2All thrce UV sources gave -1:2 E:Z product distribution in MeOH. In the (E)-1 methyl C-ester, the oxime functionality absorbed strongly near 205 nm (Emax 5200), weakly at 308 nm and negligibly above 355 nm, and no photoisomerization was seen using the 355 nm source. Thus, oxime isomerization in (E)-2 at least using 355 nm irradiation. requires the o-nitrobenzyl group, and possibly involves an energy- or ch...
Relationship between surface chemistry, biofilm structure, and electron transfer in Shewanella anodes

A better understanding of how anode surface properties affect growth, development, and activity of electrogenic biofilms has great potential to improve the performance of bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells. The aim of this paper was to determine how anodes with specific exposed functional groups (–N(CH3)3+, –COOH, –OH, and –CH3), created using ω-substituted alkanethiolates self-assembled monolayers attached to gold, affect the surface properties and functional performance of electrogenic Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms. A combination of spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques was used to evaluate how electrode surface chemistry influences morphological, chemical, and functional properties of S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms, in an effort to develop improved electrode materials and structures. Positively charged, highly functionalized, hydrophilic surfaces were beneficial for growth of uniform biofilms with the smallest cluster sizes and intercluster diffusion distances, and yielding the most efficient electron transfer. The authors derived these parameters based on 3D morphological features of biofilms that were directly linked to functional properties of the biofilm during growth and that, during polarization, were directly connected to the efficiency of electron transfer to the anode. Our results indicate that substratum chemistry affects not only primary attachment, but subsequent biofilm development and bacterial physiology.
Impact of Preoperative MRSA Screening and Decolonization on Hospital-acquired MRSA Burden

Background Hospital-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a source of morbidity and mortality. S. aureus is the most common pathogen in prosthetic joint infections and the incidence of MRSA is increasing.
POROPLASTIC PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM-LEACHED CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS

Abstract Asymptotic calcium leaching of cement-based materials produces a new material composed of C–S–H with low C/S ratio on the order of 1 and a high porosity generated by the dissolution of Portlandite (CH) crystals, which creates a new pore-size family in the micrometer range. This paper investigates the role of these two phenomena in the multiaxial inelastic and hardening deformation behavior, in compression, of calcium-leached cement pastes and mortars. From triaxial tests and SEM microscopy, it is shown that the low C/S C–S–H matrix is highly plastically deformable, which is consistent with the high degree of polymerization and the effect of the C/S ratio on the intrinsic cohesion of C–S–H. The validity of the effective stress concept is experimentally proven for calcium-leached cement paste and mortar and provides evidence that the low C/S C–S–H solid phase of the cement paste is a pure cohesive incompressible material. In turn, the large pores created by the CH dissolution provides expansion space for the incompressible solid during compressive loading. Once this porosity is filled, the volume deformability is exhausted, and the material dilates to failure. In a similar way, the early tendency of mortars to dilate is found to be a consequence of a competition between plastic material behavior of the matrix (plastic hardening) and porosity-controlled structural deformation (geometrical hardening) triggered by frictional dilation mechanisms in the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ).
REVIVING THE PAST: Post-Independence Architecture and Politics in India's Long 1950s

In 1959, a group of architects and policy makers gathered in Delhi to debate the direction for post-1947 architecture; they firmly chose modernist free expression over a state-driven revivalist style. Despite this prevailing modernist direction for India's architecture, revival buildings of the 1950s demonstrate India's negotiation with and construction of its past at a crucial time in the formation of a national identity. The Ashok Hotel and the Vigyan Bhavan in Delhi differ from earlier revivals; they exist within the context of Nehruvian rewriting of Indian history to highlight particular moments of unity and religious harmony in the subcontinent's past. These 1955 buildings proclaim an Indianness focused on two distinct periods of the region's history: the generalized, collapsed ancient Buddhist past and the specific, targeted Akbari Mughal past. They thereby demonstrate the machinations of the formation of national identity in India as worked out in history-writing, architecture, and public debate.
Identification of genes involved in metal transport in plants.

Plants obtain mineral nutrients from the soil. If they are growing in soil with high levels of metals, they will take up an excess of what is needed for growth. Depending on the species, this can be detrimental to growth—or lethal—and can greatly limit the growth range of plants and the
Some community socio-economic benefits of watershed councils: A case study from Oregon

Abstract One of the most significant junctures in natural resource planning and management in recent years has been the emergence of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). The central focus of CBNRM is the environment, of course. However, it explicitly considers the local economy and community as well. It is a highly participatory approach to local, place-based projects, programs and policies aimed simultaneously at environmental and community health. This paper is an attempt to shed light on what happens in the local economy and community as a result of pursuing a CBNRM strategy. Oregon has been in the vanguard in putting CBNRM into operation. A key example is the state's experience with local watershed councils and the state agency that supports them, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB). Drawing from a larger study of Oregon's watershed councils, we ask and answer the questions: ‘What direct contribution do watershed councils make to the local economies of Oregon?’; ‘Do watershed...
Effects of phosphorylation on the structure and backbone dynamics of the intrinsically disordered connexin43 C-terminal domain

Phosphorylation of the connexin43 C-terminal (Cx43CT) domain regulates gap junction intercellular communication. However, an understanding of the mechanisms by which phosphorylation exerts its effects is lacking. Here, we test the hypothesis that phosphorylation regulates Cx43 gap junction intercellular communication by mediating structural changes in the C-terminal domain. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the effects of phosphorylation on the secondary structure and backbone dynamics of soluble and membrane-tethered Cx43CT domains. Cx43CT phospho-mimetic isoforms, which have Asp substitutions at specific Ser/Tyr sites, revealed phosphorylation alters the α-helical content of the Cx43CT domain only when attached to the membrane. The changes in secondary structure are due to variations in the conformational preference and backbone flexibility of residues adjacent and distal to the site(s) of modification. In addition to the known direct effects of phosphorylation on molecular partner interactions, the data presented here suggest phosphorylation may also indirectly regulate binding affinity by altering the conformational preference of the Cx43CT domain.
Evaluating Pelvis Dynamics in Patients With Acetabular Labral Tears

Common forms of hip disease include labral tears, synovitis, chondromalacia, or femoroacetabular impingement [1, 2]. Most patients with one of these medical conditions seek treatment to alleviate the pain. However, in addition to the pain, dynamic control of hip joint movement may also be impaired. This impairment may result from damage to proprioceptive organs or alterations in sensory capability caused by inflammation. Reduced biofeedback can lead to a loss of joint control that may result in additional injuries due to excessive tissue strain or falling due to a loss of balance. Our hypothesis is that acetabular labral tears alter normal pelvic movement and reduce subject balance control placing the patient at increased risk for additional injuries.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
SDI Dripline Spacing Effect on Corn and Soybean Yield in a Piedmont Clay Soil

A subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system was installed in the Piedmont of North Carolina in a clay soil in the fall of 2001 to test the effect of dripline spacing on corn and soybean yield. The system was zoned into three sections; each section was cropped to either corn (Zea mays L.), full-season soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) double cropped to soybean representing any year of a typical crop rotation in the region. Each section had four plots; two SDI plots with dripline spacing at either 1.52 or 2.28 m, an overhead sprinkler irrigated plot, and an unirrigated plot. There was no difference in average corn grain yield for 2002–2005 between dripline spacings or between either dripline spacing and sprinkler. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was greater for sprinkler irrigated corn than for either SDI treatment and there was no difference in IWUE in soybean. Water typically moved laterally from the driplines 0.38 to 0.50 m. SDI yield and IWUE increased relative t...
Structural Abstraction in Snap-fit Analysis

Snap-fit design has always been more of an art instead of an engineering activity. Research in this area focuses on generating finite element models for predicting the performance of snap-fit features. Such research typically uses fixed-end conditions at the base of the snap-fit feature. Often this is an unrealistic assumption, because snap-fits are usually molded on plastic parts with significant flexibility. The performance of snap-fits can be significantly influenced by this additional flexibility. To predict this performance of snap-fits it often becomes necessary to analyze the entire part, which can be a costly and time consuming process. There is no general methodology in the open literature to incorporate base-part flexibility into the design of snap-fit features. Existing work in this area is inaccurate and limited to certain base-part and snap-fit topologies. This paper proposes a new methodology called structural abstraction for incorporating base-part flexibility into snap-fit feature models. This methodology abstracts base-parts as spring elements with various stiffnesses. The underlying theory and the relevant relationships are developed and the approach is validated using several test cases. Independence of the approach to both base-part and snap-fit topologies is established and shown to be a major advantage of this technique. Use of this methodology will improve snap-fit analysis and give a more accurate estimation of retention strength. It is shown that in certain cases the improvement in accuracy over conventional finite element models of snap-fits can be as high as 70 percent.