cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negotiating the Spaces of Design in Multimodal Composition

Abstract In a changing information economy of images and multimodal composition practices, writing programs face new challenges and opportunities for creating spaces that encourage students to explore processes in high-tech, low-stakes environments. This article suggests that composing in multimodal spaces is always a negotiation. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach for designing such spaces may not be as useful as portable, flexible approaches. In this article, I apply Joddy Murray's (2009) values of non-discursive rhetoric as a generative heuristic for space design that highlights important perspectives for programs that teach multimodal composition.
The Incompatibility of Mach's Principle and the Principle of Equivalence in Current Gravitation Theory

Both Mach's Principle and the Principle of Equivalence have been extensively discussed in the recent past. However, the compatibility of the Principle of Equivalence with Mach's Principle is a question which, for some time now, has received little explicit attention. To the present it has been assumed that if gravitational field equations could be found which globally yield no solution in an empty universe, Mach's Principle would be subsumed under these equations. (This was the opinion of Einstein which has widely prevailed to this day.) The object of this paper is to show that for the two principles to be compatible this condition on the field equations is merely a necessary, but not a sufficient condition and that, given accepted theories of gravitation, the two principles are incompatible. Mach's and the Equivalence Principles are well known, but, as neither has a succinct and generally held definition, let us now give definitions of these principles that will suffice for our purposes in the following discussion. Mach's Principle may be stated: the global distribution of matter in the universe (Mach's 'fixed stars') causally determines by itself the properties of the local inertial field and thus the inertial properties of local bodies and the local inertial frame of reference.' Note that we say the rather than a local inertial frame of reference. We make this distinction because recent criticism indicates convincingly that globally the principle of general relativity (as formulated by Einstein) does not hold. Specifically, the failure stems from the fact that there exists only one frame of reference at any given point in the universe in which the cosmic blackbody radiation appears isotropic.2 However, the unique frame of reference in which the universe appears isotropic with respect to all phenomena is that maintained by Mach to be at rest with respect to the local inertial field as defined by the 'fixed' stars. It is firmly established that Mach's Principle is empirically verified with significant accuracy. The Principle of Equivalence simply asserts that the effects of acceleration and gravitation are physically indistinguishable, or, that inertial and
Interaction of silver nanoparticles with an environmentally beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis

Abstract This study explores the potential antimicrobial mechanisms of commercial silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the environmental bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. The 10 nm size NPs aggregated in water, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. Solubility of the NPs at 10 mg/L was 0.28 mg/L (pH 6) and 2.3 mg/L (pH 7); release from 10 mg/L bulk Ag was below detection. The NPs eliminated cell culturability at 3 mg/L, whereas no effect was observed at 10 mg/L bulk Ag. Zeta potential measurements revealed that the NPs were negatively charged; unlike Ag ions, their addition to the negatively charged cells did not change cell charge at pH 6, but showed a trend to reduce cell charge at pH 7. Isolated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Pc O6 was polydisperse, with negative charge that was neutralized by Ag ions, but not by the NPs. Addition of EPS eliminated Ag NP's toxicity in cells lacking EPS. Intracellular accumulation of OH was not detected in NP-treated cells; however, the use of scavengers suggested the NPs caused extracellular H 2 O 2 production. No evidence was found for loss of membrane integrity upon treatment with the NPs. Our findings indicate that growth of environmental bacteria could be impaired by Ag NPs, depending on the extent of EPS production.
Mobilization of lead in mice by administration of monoalkyl esters of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid.

Abstract The following six monoalkyl esters of meso -2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) were synthesized and evaluated for relative activities in mobilizing lead from kidneys and brains of lead-bearing mice: n -propyl (M n -PDMS), i -propyl (M i -PDMS), n -butyl (M i -BDMS), n -amyl (M n -ADMS) and i -amyl meso -2,3-dimercaptosuccinate (M i -ADMS). DMSA was used as a positive control. When each was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) as a single dose of 2.0 mmol/kg, DMSA lowered the kidney lead concentration 52%, while the monoesters effected reductions of 54–75%. M n -ADMS was toxic at this dose. DMSA lowered the brain lead level 20% when given as a single dose, while the monoesters conferred reductions of 64–87%. When given as 5 daily i.p. injections at 0.5 mmol/kg, DMSA reduced the kidney lead concentration 45%, while the monoesters caused reductions of 56–73%. DMSA lowered the brain lead concentration 35% on the 5-day treatment regimen, while the monoesters evoked reductions of 59–75%. M i -ADMS was equally effective when given orally or i.p. The i.p. LD 50 value of this analog in mice is 3.0 mmol/kg, a value which lies between the reported LD 50 doses of DMSA (16.0 mmol/kg) and dimercaprol (1.1 mmol/kg). It is suggested that the ability of these monoesters to cross cell membranes may account for their superiority to DMSA in mobilizing brain lead in this animal model.
Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Celiac Disease in the US Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012.

To provide an estimate of the prevalence of celiac disease by race/ethnic origin in large sample of US population. Data from the 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 NHANES were combined and analyzed. The NHANES is a nationally representative survey with oversampling of certain minorities. Sample-based frequencies were reported and weighted frequencies were used to estimate prevalence. A total of 14,701 participants were checked for tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and endomysial (EMA) IgA antibodies. Seventy-four participants had positive tTG and/or EMA corresponding to prevalence of 0.79 % (95 % CI 0.54–1.04 %). Non-Hispanic white were more likely to be positive for both compared with other races (72.0 vs 31.7 %; p = 0.010) and less likely to be weakly positive for tTG but positive for EMA (3.6 vs 26.4 %; p = 0.03). The prevalence of positive serology according to race was as follows: 1.08 % (95 % CI 0.70–1.45 %) in non-Hispanic white, 0.23 % (95 % CI 0.03–0.43 %) in Mexican, 0.22 % (95 % CI 0.01–0.44 %) in non-Hispanic black, 0.38 % (95 % CI 0.00–0.89 %) in “other Hispanic,” and 0.15 % (95 % CI 0.00–0.34 %) in other races including multiracial and undeterminable in non-Hispanic Asian due to the presence of only one positive EMA test. 0.9 % of the NHANES sample participants followed gluten-free diet. Of this group of participants, 85 % were never diagnosed with celiac disease and 99 % of them had negative celiac disease serology. Potentially 0.79 % of the general US population demonstrate serologic evidence of celiac disease autoimmunity. The prevalence is 4–8 times higher among non-Hispanic white compared with other races. Close to 1 % of the population is electively following gluten-free diet despite having little evidence of the disease.
ARIMA model building and the time series analysis approach to forecasting

This paper reviews the approach to forecasting based on the construction of ARIMA time series models. Recent developments in this area are surveyed, and the approach is related to other forecasting methodologies.
Topographic mapping of human motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Homunculus revisited

The purpose of this study was to non-invasively evaluate the homuncular organization of the motor cortex in man. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce motor evoked potentials (MEP's) in Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) and Biceps Brachii (BB) muscles of 10 healthy volunteers. The practicality and accuracy of magnetic stimulation to scalp sites one cm apart was increased by the application to the scalp of a flexible nylon grid with grid size of 1×1 cm. Responsive scalp sites collectively contributed to distinct but overlapping muscle representational areas for the two muscles. The topography of these motor maps along and slightly anterior to the central fissure corresponds to the homuncular configuration as described by Penfield and Boldrey in 1937.
Management of interstitial lung disease in elderly patients.

Purpose of review This review seeks to inform readers of evolving concepts of ageing-associated risks for developing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and current approaches to the diagnosis and management of ILD in elderly patients. Recent findings Various aspects of cellular and immune senescence have been identified that may explain the increased susceptibility of the elderly to developing fibrotic lung disease. New guidelines have been recently published concerning the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is highly prevalent in elderly patients. Nontransplant therapies that can have a significant impact on disease progression for patients with IPF have yet to be identified. Additionally, evidence is accumulating that abnormal gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration may play a role in IPF pathogenesis. Summary High-resolution computed tomographic scanning of the thorax can play a key role in making a specific ILD diagnosis and be used to make a confident diagnosis of various forms of ILD, especially IPF, when combined with a consistent clinical presentation. Management of ILD in the elderly should be not only disease specific but potentially therapeutic, and supportive interventions should be tailored to each individual patient and not entail significant risk of adverse complications, especially for the frail elderly patient.
Use of (1‐3)‐β‐d‐glucan concentrations in dust as a surrogate method for estimating specific fungal exposures

UNLABELLED: Indoor exposure to fungi has been associated with respiratory symptoms,often attributed to their cell wall component, (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. Performing(1-3)-beta-D-glucan analysis is less time consuming and labor intensive than cultivation or microscopic counting of fungal spores. This has prompted many to use(1-3)-beta-D-glucan as a surrogate for fungal exposure. The aim of this study was to examine which indoor fungal species are major contributors to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in field dust samples. We used the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) method to analyze 36 indoor fungal species in 297 indoor dust samples. These samples were also simultaneously analyzed for (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration using the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay. Linear regression analysis, followed by factor analysis and structural equation modeling, were utilized in order to identify fungal species that mostly contribute to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in field dust samples. The study revealed that Cladosporium and Aspergillus genera, as well as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium brevicompactum and Wallemia sebi were the most important contributors to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan content of these home dust samples. The species that contributed most to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration were also the most prevalent in indoor environments. However, Alternaria alternata, a common fungal species in indoor dust, did not seem to be a significant source of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study revealed that the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan content of different fungal species varies widely. (1-3)-beta-D-glucan inhouse dust from the Greater Cincinnati area may be a good marker for some fungal species of the Cladosporium and Aspergillus genera. In contrast, Alternaria alternata did not contribute much to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan load. Therefore, (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in field samples as a surrogate for total fungal exposure should be used with caution.
Posterior vitreous detachment following panretinal laser photocoagulation.

A total of 30 eyes of 19 patients with type I diabetes, varying severity of retinopathy, and no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were studied clinically, and vitreous examination was performed by preset lens biomicroscopy. Follow-up was 4.0–7.5 years. A total of 15 eyes underwent panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) and 15 eyes were left untreated. The incidence of PVD was 8 of 15 (53%) after PRP and 1 of 15 (7%) in untreated eyes (P<0.02). Minimal vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 4 of 7 treated eyes (57%) that did not develop PVD and in only 2 of 8 (25%) that did. In treated eyes with no history of vitreous hemorrhage, the incidence of PVD was 6/9 (67%); in treated eyes with minimal vitreous hemorrhage at any time, it was 2/6 (33%). In treated eyes, the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) high-risk characteristics was equally frequent in eyes that developed PVD as in those that did not. These data suggest that PVD occurs following PRP, independent of the severity of diabetic retinopathy or prior vitreous hemorrhage.
Age, Job Complexity, Satisfaction, and Performance.

Abstract Job complexity was measured for jobs in a Public Agency. Perceptions of job complexity were obtained from self-reports of 133 employees. Independent measures were obtained from interviews with the subjects. Career stages, based upon age groupings, were found to moderate the relationship between (1) job-satisfaction and perceived job complexity and (2) job-performance and independently rated job complexity. These results are discussed in light of the current literature.
Social cost impact assessment of pipeline infrastructure projects

Abstract A key advantage of trenchless construction methods compared with traditional open-cut methods is their ability to install or rehabilitate underground utility systems with limited disruption to the surrounding built and natural environments. The equivalent monetary values of these disruptions are commonly called social costs. Social costs are often ignored by engineers or project managers during project planning and design phases, partially because they cannot be calculated using standard estimating methods. In recent years some approaches for estimating social costs were presented. Nevertheless, the cost data needed for validation of these estimating methods is lacking. Development of such social cost databases can be accomplished by compiling relevant information reported in various case histories. This paper identifies eight most important social cost categories, presents mathematical methods for calculating them, and summarizes the social cost impacts for two pipeline construction projects. The case histories are analyzed in order to identify trends for the various social cost categories. The effectiveness of the methods used to estimate these values is also discussed. These findings are valuable for pipeline infrastructure engineers making renewal technology selection decisions by providing a more accurate process for the assessment of social costs and impacts.
Hypnosis as role enactment: focus on a role specific skill.

Abstract The nature of a subject characteristic, a role-specific skill, related to hypnotic responsiveness was further investigated. Dramatic arts students (N = 80) were utilized because previous research has indicated them to be high in this skill. Our purpose was to determine the effects of dramatic practice, presumably practice in similar or identical skills as those applied to the hypnotic setting, on hypnotic responsiveness. Two independent measures of previous practice were examined: (a) the number of dramatic roles in which S had previously participated, and (b) the number of acting courses in which S had previously participated. Two other variables were measured and co-varied to eliminate their biasing effect (self-role congruence, role-expectations). The results support the notion that practice in acting skills is related to greater hypnotic responsiveness; however, the data do not provide a clear explanation of the relationship. Possible explanations for the findings are discussed.
Chemical modification of spinach ferredoxin: evidence for the involvement of a complex between ferredoxin and ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase in NADP photoreduction.

Abstract Spinach ferredoxin was modified chemically with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), a reagent which reacts specifically with amino groups. The trinitrophenylated ferredoxin (TNP-Fd) can accept electrons from Photosystem I as indicated by its full activity in the photoreduction of cytochrome c . The modified protein is inactive, however, in the photoreduction of NADP and cannot form a complex with the flavoprotein, ferredoxin: NADP oxidoreductase. The data presented indicate that the inactivity of the modified protein is the result of modification of a single amino group.
Paradoxic hypotension during dobutamine stress echocardiography: clinical and diagnostic implications.

Abstract Objectives . The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prevalence, magnitude and clinical implications of a hypotensive response during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Background . Dobutamine stress echocardiography is an accurate noninvasive method for detecting coronary artery disease. It has been associated with unexpected hypotension in a proportion of patients. Hypotension occurring during exercise testing has been associated with an increased prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease and a poor prognosis. The clinical significance of hypotension when seen during dobutamine infusion for diagnostic testing is unknown. Methods . Clinical characteristics, coronary artery anatomy (n = 41), ventricular function at rest and during dobutamine infusion and prognosis were evaluated in 115 patients experiencing hypotension during dobutamine stress echocardiography and compared with data in 59 nonhypotensive catheterized patients for comparison of coronary anatomy and in 239 nonhypotensive patients for prognostic purposes. Results . Hypotension occurred in 115 (20%) of 568 consecutive patients studied with dobutamine stress echocardiography. It was gradual in 73 and precipitous in 42 patients. There were no statistical differences among the hypotensive groups and the index group in prevalence or severity of coronary disease or in prognosis during 15 months compared with findings in nonhypotensive patients. Conclusions . Hypotension occurs commonly during dobutamine stress echocardiography, and patients with dobutamineinduced hypotension constitute a heterogeneous group. Unlike hypotension occurring with exercise testing, dopamine-induced hypotension is not invariably associated with advanced coronary disease or an adverse prognosis.
Extension of the optimum design through digital compensation for linear multivariable samplcd-data control systems

Sampled-data control systems for linear multivariable plants subjected to disturbing signals are considered. The regulator problem (rejection of effects of disturbing signals in the outputs without taking into consideration command-output transfer functions) is treated first. Then the servo problem (rejection of disturbances and realization of a desired over-all transfer function) is treated as an extension of the regulator problem. It is shown that one of the conditions for obtaining total rejection of the disturbing signals leads to a diagonalization of the disturbance transmission matrix. Then the multivariable problem is reduced to a certain number of single-variable problems. Although any of the well-known techniques used in the design of single-variable control problems can be extended to solve those problems, only an extension of the optimum design through digital compensation is presented in this paper.
Psychological Researches in Schizophrenic Language and Thought

(1943). Psychological Researches in Schizophrenic Language and Thought. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 153-176.
The constitution of cadmium-potassium chloride melts

Abstract On the basis of electrical conductance and Raman-spectroscopic data, the assumption of CdCl42− ions is upheld against a proposal of CdCl3− ions.
A correlation study of MOL electrical test method with its physical analysis

A correlation study of middle-of-line (MOL) electrical test method with its inline polysilicon gate (PC) and the diffusion contacts (CA) photolithography overlay data is presented in this paper for wafers fabricated by gate first CMOS process at 32nm. The physical analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further confirmed the accuracy of the electrical test method in explaining the physical values of global shift and local shift. Therefore, this electrical PC-to-CA testing methodology can be adopted cost effectively for an accurate MOL reliability assessment and process diagnostics in a timely and comprehensive manner.
Synthesis and evaluation of brain-targeted chemical delivery systems for the neurotrophomodulator 4-methylcatechol

Since various 4-alkylcatechols stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis both in-vitro and in-vivo, delivery of these agents to the brain may provide beneficial effect for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type redox chemical delivery systems (CDS) of 4-methylcatechol (4-methylcatechol) were prepared as potential brain selective targetry forms for 4-methylcatechol. After preliminary evaluation by in-vitro stability studies in various buffer solutions and biological media, a selected CDS was further investigated in the rat to determine its in-vivo distribution. Selective and sustained delivery of the compound of interest to the rat brain was achieved. Furthermore, the NGF stimulatory activity in the rat brain after peripheral administration of the selected CDS was evaluated by measuring the levels of pre-pro-NGF mRNA in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex, by dot blot hybridization and analysis. Results showed the peripheral administration of the CDS to achieve a 1.7-fold increase in NGF mRNA compared to control in the rat hippocampus, and an approximately 1.4-fold increase in the frontal cortex.
Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis: a new spindle cell variant resembling dendritic cell sarcoma.

Background: Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disorder. Its varied histological presentation and rarity have limited efforts to determine its pathogenic relationship with other histiocytic lesions and possibly, its recognition. Methods: We report on an unusual histologic pattern of indeterminate cell histiocytosis that resembled follicular dendritic sarcoma. A battery of immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy were performed to elucidate the phenotype of the “histiocytic” cells. Based on a review of the literature, reported cases of indeterminate cell histiocytosis are presented and the diagnostic differential of spindle-cell lesions is discussed. Results: Spindling histiocytes were positive for S-100 and CD1a. The monocytic/macrophage marker, CD68, and the dendritic cell marker, CD21, were negative. Electron microscopy failed to reveal Birbeck granules. Conclusions: Relatively few reports of indeterminate cell histiocytosis exist, some of which include discussion of potential overlaps with the non-X histiocytoses. Although the presence of prominent spindling in our case expanded the differential to include non-histiocytic disorders, the identified histiocytes unequivocally fulfilled the criteria of S-100 and CD1a positivity without demonstrable Birbeck granules.
A Calcium-Fortified Viral Matrix Protein

In this issue of Structure, Leyrat and colleagues provide the first structural analysis of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) matrix protein, a key regulator of viral assembly. Though structurally similar to other matrix proteins, two calcium binding sites suggest intriguing differences in regulation.
Emergency department violence in United States teaching hospitals

Violence in the emergency department is a common concern. However, most aspects of this problem remain unstudied because no organization or government agency tracks such data and no regulatory or administrative guidelines adequately address its management. We surveyed 170 US teaching hospital ED medical directors with respect to violence and security issues and received responses from 127 (74.7%). Among other findings, 41 institutions report at least one verbal threat each day, and 23 report at least one threat with a weapon each month. Four-point physical restraint is used by 125 of the 127 facilities. Personnel in 32 of these facilities restrain at least one patient each day. Seventeen institutions report having significantly injured a patient during restraint in the last five years, resulting in one death. Twenty institutions report involvement with litigation with respect to restraint. Only 51 institutions provide ED nurses with formal training in recognition and management of aggression and violence, and only 79 institutions have security personnel present in the ED 24 hours a day. A sizable number of facilities receiving frequent threats and batteries are not among those with 24-hour-a-day security personnel. A preventative, risk-management approach that addresses environmental factors, training policies, restraint, security arrangements, and legal precedents is suggested.
N,N′-Dihydrogenpiperazonium dichloridobis(dimethylglyoximato-k2N,N′)cobaltate(III) Dihydrate

The title complex: C4H12N2[Co(C4H7N2O2)2Cl2]2·2H2O, viz., PpH2[Co(dmgH)2Cl2]2·2H2O, where, dmgH− = dimethylglyoximate and Pp = piperazine was synthesized and analyzed by single crystal XRD studies. The complex was grown as brown crystals by the slow evaporation method in ethanol. The complex crystallizes as triclinic with the space group $$ p\overline{1} $$ and unit cell parameters a = 8.4521 (10) A, b = 10.0999 (11) A, c = 10.8952(13) A; α = 94.066(6)°, β = 106.047(6)° and γ = 100.901(6)°. There are two complex molecules present in the unit cell. The short intra molecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds link the glyoximate moieties in the crystal. The title complex: C4H12N2[Co(C4H7N2O2)2Cl2]2·2H2O, viz., PpH2[Co(dmgH)2Cl2]2·2H2O, where, dmgH− = dimethylglyoximate and Pp = piperazine was synthesized and analyzed by single crystal XRD studies. The complex crystallizes as triclinic cell with the space group $$ P\overline{1} $$ and unit cell parameters: a = 8.4521 (10) A, b = 10.0999 (11) A, c = 10.8952 (13) A; α = 94.066 (6)°, β = 106.047 (6)° and γ = 100.901 (6)°. There are two complex molecules present in the unit cell. The short intra molecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds link the glyoximate moieties in the crystal.
Effect of crystal defects on mechanical properties relevant to cutting of multicrystalline solar silicon

Abstract The effect of crystalline defects such as dislocations and grain boundary on the cutting behavior of multicrystalline solar silicon is investigated. Diamond scribing experiments reveal significant intra-granular variations in the critical depth of cut for ductile-to-brittle transition in the material. This is explained by characterizing the local dislocation density variations in (100) and (311) grains of a cast multicrystalline silicon wafer and measuring the corresponding elastic modulus, nanoindentation hardness, and fracture toughness. Measured elastic moduli are shown to be higher than theoretical values for defect-free single crystal silicon of the same crystallographic plane. For a given grain orientation, a higher dislocation density is shown to be correlated with higher fracture toughness and a larger critical depth of cut.
Oxidative Jet Deposition of Polythiophenes

An oxidative jet deposition process was used to deposit films of polythiophenes. The oxidative jet is created using two different methods, an ozone jet or a plasma jet. An ozone jet is created by forcing a gas mixture containing oxygen through a corona-discharge apparatus. A plasma jet is created by forcing an ionization gas through a radio-frequency plasma chamber. Polymerization and film deposition was achieved by rastering the jet over a substrate while a monomer was injected into the oxidative jet. The injected monomers include thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, 3-methylthiophene, and 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). The resulting films were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). FTIR spectra of the jet deposited films were characteristic of undoped poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT. FTIR spectra showed that parameter optimized plasma jet deposited films contained less overoxidation in the form of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups than films deposited through the ozone jet process. The fabrication of organic electronics could be improved by this technology because a jet process allows for inline processing. Inline processing offers practical industrial advantages over the batch process methods currently used for depositing films of polythiophenes.
An efficient boundary element method for nonlinear water waves

Abstract The paper presents a computational model for highly nonlinear 2-D water waves in which a high order Boundary Element Method is coupled with a high order explicit time stepping technique for the temporal evolution of the waves. The choice of the numerical procedures is justified from a review of the literature. Problems of the wave generation and absorption are investigated. The present method operates in the physical space and applications to four different wave problems are presented and discussed (space periodic wave propagation and breaking, solitary wave propagation, run-up and radiation, transient wave generation). Emphasis in the paper is given to describing the numerical methods used in the computation.
Application of the 10-Moment Model to MEMS Flows

In this paper we use the 10-moment description of fluid flow to compute external flow around a micro-airfoil in the continuum-transition regime. The numerical method used is Hancock’s scheme, a second-order non-oscillatory Godunovtype scheme; the numerical flux function incorporated is of the Harten-Lax-van Leer (HLL) type and due to Linde (HLLL). The numerical solutions are validated by a comparison to results obtained with a Navier-Stokes code, a hybrid DSMC/Navier-Stokes method and an experiment. The 10-moment solution is close to the experimental results and obtained more efficiently than the DSMC solution, with considerable speed-up still in store.
Luminescence and simulation of mixed metal nanoclusters of dicyanoargentate(I) and dicyanoaurate(I) in alkali halides

Abstract Heterometallic and homometallic nanoclusters of [Ag(CN)2]− and [Au(CN)2]− doped in NaCl, KCl, and NaBr exhibit interesting photophysical phenomenon that are related to the variety of sizes, orientations, and compositions these clusters adopt. Samples of various dopant–host systems have been grown and analyzed with luminescence spectroscopy. In order to predict what types of clusters are in these different systems, an atomistic surface model has been developed that probes the energetics of these clusters as they first form at surface kink sites. An order of preference in mixed-metal systems for heterometallic cluster formation over homometallic cluster formation, NaBr > NaCl > KCl, is predicted which agrees with findings on heterometallic cluster peaks in the luminescence spectra. Structural orientations are predicted to be very different in heterometallic clusters as opposed to homometallic clusters.
Is sucralose too good to be true

Student interest in artificial sweeteners can enhance the biochemistry classroom learning experience. This in class, guided-inquiry activity focuses on sucralose and fits into a 50-min biochemistry class for undergraduate science majors. Background knowledge of carbohydrate structure, function, and metabolism as well as familiarity with interpretation of primary literature is assumed. This activity uses short answer questions that stimulate small group discussion. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, 2012
Double-Dipping Effect? How Combining YouTube Environmental PSAs With Thematically Congruent Advertisements in Different Formats Affects Memory and Attitudes

An online experiment (N = 303) explored the effects of ad-video thematic congruence and ad format on recall and recognition for and attitudes toward persuasive environmental videos and paid commercials on YouTube. Pairing YouTube videos with congruent advertisements enhanced recall for both messages and recognition for advertisements. Congruent in-stream commercials were the strongest in affecting recognition of advertising contents. A negative congruence effect occurred in evaluations of advertised companies where companies in congruent ads were rated less favorably. In-stream advertisements elicited better memory for persuasive messages but less favorable attitudes toward companies and environmental organizations. Overall, advertisements and advertised companies elicited more positive attitudes than environmental videos and environmental organizations.
Ambient Temperature Effects Upon the Flow in Gas Pipelines at Low Speeds

The flow field inside gas pipeline meter run is numerically simulated to determine the affects of upstream piping and temperature differences between the meter run pipe and the gas upon the flow. At bulk averaged velocities below 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s) significant changes in the velocity field are present which may alter the response of any flow meter mounted in the meter run. Examples for a bulk average velocity of 0.15 m/s (1/2 ft/s) and temperature differences with magnitudes of 27.7°C (50°F) are presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Dietary supplementation with ether-linked lipids and tissue lipid composition.

The goal of this investigation was to determine the effect of an alkylglycerol dietary supplement on the lipid composition of several major organs. Lipids from kidney, liver, and lung tissues of rats on a laboratory chow diet (controls) were compared to lipids from the same tissues of rats that had received oral supplements (300–600 mg/day) of 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacetyl-sn-glycerol (alkyl groups were 65% 18∶1 and 17% 16∶1) for six days. Incorporation of the alkylglycerol into tissue lipids was indicated by both the presence of a neutral lipid in liver that had the same chromatographic migration as alkyldiacylglycerols and by a substantial increase (≈150% of controls) in the octadecenyl group of the alk-1-enyl- and alkyl-glycerol side chains derived from total phospholipids of all three tissues. Compared to controls, there was a significant increase in the amount of alkylacylglycerophosphocholine in all three tissues of the alkylglycerol supplemented group. Total lipids, total phospholipid phosphorus, or the distribution of phospholipid classes (except for small differences in lung tissue) were not affected by the dietary supplement. The increase in ether lipids was offset by a corresponding decrease in the diacyl subclass in tissues from animals on the alkyldiacetylglycerol supplement. Our results indicate that the amount of ether-linked glycerolipids in rat tissues can be easily increased with dietary supplements of alkylglycerols.
Application of persuasion and health behavior theories for behavior change counseling: Design of the ADAPT (Avoiding Diabetes Thru Action Plan Targeting) program

Objective Diabetes incidence is increasing worldwide and providers often do not feel they can effectively counsel about preventive lifestyle changes. The goal of this paper is to describe the development and initial feasibility testing of the Avoiding Diabetes Thru Action Plan Targeting (ADAPT) program to enhance counseling about behavior change for patients with pre-diabetes.
An efficient method of estimation for longitudinal surveys with monotone missing data

Panel attrition is frequently encountered in panel sample surveys. When it is related to the observed study variable, the classical approach of nonresponse adjustment using a covariate-dependent dropout mechanism can be biased. We consider an efficient method of estimation with monotone panel attrition when the response probability depends on the previous values of study variable as well as other covariates. Because of the monotone structure of the missing pattern, the response mechanism is missing at random. The proposed estimator is asymptotically optimal in the sense that it minimizes the asymptotic variance of a class of estimators that can be written as a linear combination of the unbiased estimators of the panel estimates for each wave, and incorporates all available information using generalized least squares. Variance estimation is discussed and results from a simulation study are presented. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
Metrics for evaluating ODBMSs functionality to support MMDBMS

This report describes metrics to be used to determine the suitability of object database management systems to support multimedia data storage and use. Support at all levels of hardware and software are discussed, as even the most ideal database software cannot operate independent of operating systems, networks, and hardware. Most commercially available ODBMS today provide basic multimedia support, but significant component changes will be required to support the next-generation of multimedia applications.
Prevalence of Malocclusion in Chippewa Indian Children

Prevalence and types of malocclusion were assessed for 651 children enrolled in public school at the Red Lake Indian Reservation in Minnesota. The influence of the percentage of Indian ancestry on the prevalence and type of malocclusion was also determined.
Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950.

Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among. Central Indian Community, 1780-1950. Saurabh Dube. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998. 308 pp.
PHOTOPROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF TOPICALLY APPLIED VITAMIN E

Topical application of vitamin E has been shown to decrease the incidence of ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer in mice. Vitamin E provides protection against UV-induced skin photodamage through a combination of antioxidant and UV absorptive properties. Topical application of α-tocopherol on mouse skin inhibits the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine photoproducts. However, topically applied α-tocopherol is rapidly depleted by UVB radiation in a dose-dependent manner. The photooxidative fate of the α-tocopherol depends on the local environment of the vitamin E. α-Tocopherol quinone and α-tocopherol quinone epoxides are principal photoproducts of vitamin E that has penetrated into the epidermal layer of the skin, whereas tocopherol dimers and trimers are formed from α-tocopherol in a bulk phase at the skin surface. Dimer and trimer products may participate in prevention of UV-induced photodamage.
Mimicking the human ear

A prosthetic device, called a cochlear implant, can be implanted in the inner ear and can restore partial hearing to profoundly deaf people. Some individuals with implants can now communicate without lip-reading or signing, and some can communicate over the telephone. The success of cochlear implants can be attributed to the combined efforts of scientists from various disciplines including bioengineering, physiology, otolaryngology, speech science, and signal processing. Each of these disciplines contributed to various aspects of the design of cochlear prostheses. Signal processing, in particular, played an important role in the development of different techniques for deriving electrical stimuli from the speech signal. Designers of cochlear prosthesis were faced with the challenge of developing signal-processing techniques that would mimic the function of a normal cochlea. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of various signal-processing techniques that have been used for cochlear prosthesis over 25 years. The signal-processing strategies described are only a subset of the many that have been developed for cochlear prosthesis.
Dynamic MIMO Precoding for Femtocell Interference Mitigation

This paper studies interference mitigation in heterogeneous cellular networks consisting of traditional macrocells and newly envisioned femtocells. The mutual interference between macrocells and femtocells arises as a result of decentralized femtocell deployment and backhaul delay. To mitigate downlink interference between the femtocell clients, known as Home User Equipments (HUEs), and macrocell clients, known as Macrocell User Equipments (MUEs), we present methods of dynamic distributed beamforming that are fully compatible with MIMO precoding mechanisms in existing LTE standard releases. We develop three MIMO beamforming schemes for interference mitigation that take into account the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of both femtocell and macrocell clients. These new heterogeneous MIMO precoding strategies improve flexibility in resource provisioning and signaling requirement while responding to different QoS needs. We also present MUE mean throughput analysis by applying order statistics to our proposed methods. Moreover, we provide an approximate closed form for the mean throughput in terms of basic transmitter, channel, and receiver parameters. Furthermore, we extend our proposed interference control precoding schemes to spatial multiplexing for MIMO transmissions. Finally, we extend our solution to tackle the more general case involving multiple MUEs, multiple HUEs, and multiple femtocells.
Easing the burdens of HPC file management

While the amount of data we can process and store grows, our ability to find data remains dependent upon our own memories more often than not. Manual metadata management is common among scientific users, consuming their time while not making use of the computing resources at hand. Our system design proposes to empower users with more powerful data finding tools, such as unified search spaces, provenance, and ranked file system search. By returning the responsibility of file management to the file system, we enable scientists to focus on their science without the need for a customized file organization scheme for their work.
On the Occurrence of Horizontal Gene Transfer Among an Arbitrarily Chosen Group of 26 Genes

The deduced amino acid sequences from 1200 Haemophilus influenzae genes was compared to a data set that contained the orfs from yeast, two different Archaea and the Gram+ and Gram− bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The results of the comparison yielded a 26 orthologous gene set that had at least one representative from each of the four groups. A four taxa phylogenetic relationship for these 26 genes was determined. The statistical significance of each minimal tree was tested against the two alternative four taxa trees. The result was that four genes significantly supported the (Archaea, Eukaryota) (Gram+, Gram−) topology, two genes supported the one where Gram− and Eukaryota form a clade, and one gene supported the tree where Gram+ and Eukaryota define one clade. The remaining genes do not uniquely support any phylogeny, thereby collapsing the two central nodes into a single node. These are referred to as star phylogenies.
Numerical calculations of enhanced transmission through sub-wavelength apertures

Finite difference time domain (FDTD) solutions of Maxwell's equations are presented which reveal the nature of the recent observation of anomalously high optical transmission through metal films with sub-wavelength apertures in surface corrugations.
Historical Overview of Immunological Tolerance

The adaptive immune system is a vertebrate anticipatory organ—a quality it shares with the nervous system. It is designed to learn to recognize molecular structures on pathogens quickly and to remember them for most of the life of the individual organism. It achieves this goal by continually generating a broad array of recognition receptors through an elaborate randomized gene rearrangement process. As a consequence of this, the system inevitably generates many receptors that recognize self-components. To deal with this problem, the immune system has evolved mechanisms to prevent it from making self-destructive responses. These mechanisms, referred to as the “process of tolerance induction,” are the topic of this collection. There are several categories of adjustments that the immune system makes in order to achieve a state of tolerance (Schwartz 2008). The first takes place during development, when newly generated T cells and B cells test their receptors for recognition of antigens in their immediate environment. Reactive cells are censored by a deletional, a receptor editing, or a tuning mechanism. These processes are referred to as “negative selection” or “central tolerance.” It takes place in the bone marrow for B cells and the thymus for T cells. After the lymphocytes mature and move into the circulation, they can encounter new self-antigens in secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes. At this point, the context in which the antigen is presented becomes important for determining the outcome of the response. The lymphocyte requires secondary signals (costimulation or help) in addition to occupancy of its antigen-specific receptor in order to make a positive response. In the absence of these signals, the lymphocytes become hyporesponsive (anergic) or die. In addition, there exists a lineage of dominant CD4+ regulatory cells called “natural T regulatory cells” (nTregs) that have been selected for recognition of self-antigens in the thymus and that can dampen down early immune responses if they include such ligands. Finally, even if the lymphocyte does make a positive response against an inappropriate antigen, it can often correct this mistake by inactivating further responses through negative feedback. This can result in the induction of unresponsiveness or alteration of the nature of the effector class of the response to prevent tissue destruction. Such immunoregulation can be mediated by new cells (such as induced Tregs) that dampen down immune responses with bystander suppression, or through cytokine release that selectively inhibits the generation of effector cells of a particular type such as interleukin (IL)–4 preventing the differentiation of T cells of the Th1 or Th17 phenotype. As long as the elicited immune response does not cause damage to the tissues, the organism is said to be tolerant. In this broad definition of tolerance, the equilibrium is viewed as a physiological state in which an intact immune system fails to react destructively against the individual that harbors it.
Performance and Availability Analysis of an E-Commerce Site

To encourage customers to prefer e-commerce services over their on-site counterparts, it is necessary that ecommerce services be offered with superior performance and availability. A systematic methodology to enable a quantitative analysis of the performance and availability attributes of an e-commerce site can assist in identifying bottlenecks and suggesting strategies for improvement. The development of such a methodology is the subject of this paper. The analysis methodology derives expressions for performance and availability metrics of a site which are important from a customer?s perspective, namely, the session length and session availability. The methodology is hierarchical, in the first step expressions are derived for each user group based on the navigational pattern of the group. The navigational pattern of a user group is represented by a Customer Behavior Model Graph (CBMG), which is mapped to a discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) for analysis. In the second step, expressions for the session length and availability of the site are derived using the distribution of the customer groups and the expressions for each customer group. We illustrate the potential of the methodology with a case study.